# Marzetti Co: Form 10-Q for the period ended Sep 30, 2023

- Company: [Marzetti Co](/companies/mzti.md) (CIK 57515)
- Form: 10-Q
- Filed: 2023-11-02
- Accepted by EDGAR: Nov 2, 2023, 07:41 ET
- Period: 2023-09-30
- Accession: 0000057515-23-000028
- Inline XBRL: yes
- Main document: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/57515/000005751523000028/lanc-20230930.htm
- All documents and exhibits: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/57515/000005751523000028/

## Figures reported in this filing

Standardized XBRL line items for the period ended 2023-09-30.

| Line item | Period | Value | XBRL concept |
| --- | --- | ---: | --- |
| Revenue | 3 months, 2023-07-01 to 2023-09-30 | $461.6m | us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax |
| Cost of revenue | 3 months, 2023-07-01 to 2023-09-30 | $352.9m | us-gaap:CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold |
| Gross profit | 3 months, 2023-07-01 to 2023-09-30 | $108.7m | us-gaap:GrossProfit |
| Selling, general and administrative | 3 months, 2023-07-01 to 2023-09-30 | $51.9m | us-gaap:SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense |
| Operating income | 3 months, 2023-07-01 to 2023-09-30 | $56.8m | us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss |
| Income tax | 3 months, 2023-07-01 to 2023-09-30 | $13.7m | us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit |
| Net income | 3 months, 2023-07-01 to 2023-09-30 | $44.0m | us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss |
| Diluted EPS | 3 months, 2023-07-01 to 2023-09-30 | $1.59 | us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted |
| Basic EPS | 3 months, 2023-07-01 to 2023-09-30 | $1.60 | us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic |
| Diluted shares (weighted) | 3 months, 2023-07-01 to 2023-09-30 | 27,473,000 shares | us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding |
| Operating cash flow | 3 months, 2023-07-01 to 2023-09-30 | $35.6m | us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities |
| Capital expenditure | 3 months, 2023-07-01 to 2023-09-30 | $18.3m | us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment |
| Dividends paid | 3 months, 2023-07-01 to 2023-09-30 | $23.4m | us-gaap:PaymentsOfDividendsCommonStock |
| Share repurchases | 3 months, 2023-07-01 to 2023-09-30 | $6.7m | us-gaap:PaymentsForRepurchaseOfCommonStock |
| Cash and equivalents | at 2023-09-30 | $73.7m | us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue |
| Current assets | at 2023-09-30 | $386.3m | us-gaap:AssetsCurrent |
| Total assets | at 2023-09-30 | $1.13bn | us-gaap:Assets |
| Current liabilities | at 2023-09-30 | $167.2m | us-gaap:LiabilitiesCurrent |
| Shareholders' equity | at 2023-09-30 | $878.8m | us-gaap:StockholdersEquity |

## Management's discussion and analysis

As filed, 26,660 characters.

*Our fiscal year begins on July 1 and ends on June 30. Unless otherwise noted, references to “year” pertain to our fiscal year; for example, 2024 refers to fiscal 2024, which is the period from July 1, 2023 to June 30, 2024.*

*The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto, all included elsewhere in this report, and our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The forward-looking statements in this section and other parts of this report involve risks, uncertainties and other factors, including statements regarding our plans, objectives, goals, strategies, and financial performance. Our actual results could differ materially from the results anticipated in these forward-looking statements due to these factors. For more information, see the section below entitled “Forward-Looking Statements.”*

### OVERVIEW

### Business Overview

Lancaster Colony Corporation is a manufacturer and marketer of specialty food products for the retail and foodservice channels.

Our financial results are presented as two reportable segments: Retail and Foodservice. Costs that are directly attributable to either Retail or Foodservice are charged directly to the appropriate segment. Costs that are deemed to be indirect, excluding corporate expenses and other unusual significant transactions, are allocated to the two reportable segments using a reasonable methodology that is consistently applied.

Over 95% of our products are sold in the United States. Foreign operations and export sales have not been significant in the past and are not expected to be significant in the future based upon existing operations. We do not have any fixed assets located outside of the United States.

Our business has the potential to achieve future growth in sales and profitability due to attributes such as:

- leading Retail market positions in several product categories with a high-quality perception;
- recognized innovation in Retail products;
- a broad customer base in both Retail and Foodservice accounts;
- well-regarded culinary expertise among Foodservice customers;
- long-standing Foodservice customer relationships that help to support strategic licensing opportunities in Retail;
- recognized leadership in Foodservice product development;
- experience in integrating complementary business acquisitions; and
- historically strong cash flow generation that supports growth opportunities.

Our goal is to grow both Retail and Foodservice segment sales over time by:

- introducing new products and expanding distribution;
- leveraging the strength of our Retail brands to increase current product sales;
- expanding Retail growth through strategic licensing agreements;
- continuing to rely upon the strength of our reputation in Foodservice product development and quality; and
- acquiring complementary businesses.

With respect to long-term growth, we continually evaluate the future opportunities and needs for our business specific to our plant infrastructure, IT platforms and other initiatives to support and strengthen our operations. Recent examples of resulting investments include:

- a significant capacity expansion project for our Marzetti dressing and sauce facility in Horse Cave, Kentucky that reached substantial completion in March 2023;
- a capacity expansion project for one of our Marzetti dressing and sauce facilities in Columbus, Ohio that was completed in January 2022;
- a significant infrastructure improvement and capacity expansion project for our frozen pasta facility in Altoona, Iowa that was completed in March 2022; and
- our enterprise resource planning system (“ERP”) project and related initiatives, Project Ascent, that reached completion of the implementation phase in August 2023.

Project Ascent entailed the replacement of our primary customer and manufacturing transactional systems, warehousing systems, and financial systems with an integrated SAP S/4HANA system. Implementation of this system began in July 2022 and continued throughout fiscal 2023. Customer fulfillment levels remained strong before and after the initial system cutover with no unplanned disruptions in receiving orders, producing products or shipping orders. During fiscal 2023, we progressed through our ERP implementation with no major disruptions. We completed the final wave of the implementation phase in August 2023 as planned and have shifted our focus towards leveraging the capabilities of our new ERP system.

### BUSINESS TRENDS

Dating back to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the effects of COVID-19 on consumer behavior have impacted the relative demand for our Retail and Foodservice products. More specifically, beginning in March 2020, consumer demand shifted towards increased at-home food consumption and away from in-restaurant dining. Over the course of the following two years, while this shift in demand was inconsistent and volatile, on balance it positively impacted our Retail segment sales volumes and negatively impacted our Foodservice segment sales volumes. From an operations standpoint, the shift in demand over the two-year period, combined with other COVID-19-related issues, unfavorably impacted the operating results of both our segments. Beginning near the end of 2022, the volatility and shifts in demand between our Retail and Foodservice products subsided and our operating environment became more predictable and stable.

The inflationary cost environment we experienced during 2022 resulted in significantly higher input costs for our business. During 2022, we endured unprecedented inflationary costs for commodities, particularly soybean oil and flour, in addition to notably higher costs for packaging, freight and warehousing, and labor. This cost inflation was attributed to numerous factors such as the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, the war in Ukraine, climate and weather conditions, supply chain disruptions, including some raw material and packaging shortages, a tight labor market, and government policy decisions.

We continued to experience significant cost inflation through 2023, particularly for soybean oil, eggs and flour. However, our pricing actions served to offset these inflationary costs. In addition, the operating environment stabilized as we did not experience the supply chain disruptions and demand swings of the preceding years.

Near the end of 2023, cost inflation began to diminish notably, and we completed the first quarter of 2024 with our input costs, in aggregate, at levels similar to the prior year.

### RESULTS OF CONSOLIDATED OPERATIONS

*(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)*

| 2023 | Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 |  | Change |  |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| Net Sales | **$461,572** | $425,537 | **$36,035** | **8.5%** |
| Cost of Sales | **352,850** | 326,482 | **26,368** | **8.1%** |
| Gross Profit | **108,722** | 99,055 | **9,667** | **9.8%** |
| Gross Margin | **23.6%** | 23.3% |  |  |
| Selling, General and Administrative Expenses | **51,947** | 49,757 | **2,190** | **4.4%** |
| Operating Income | **56,775** | 49,298 | **7,477** | **15.2%** |
| Operating Margin | **12.3%** | 11.6% |  |  |
| Other, Net | **857** | (270) | **1,127** | **417.4%** |
| Income Before Income Taxes | **57,632** | 49,028 | **8,604** | **17.5%** |
| Taxes Based on Income | **13,681** | 11,436 | **2,245** | **19.6%** |
| Effective Tax Rate | **23.7%** | 23.3% |  |  |
| Net Income | **$43,951** | $37,592 | **$6,359** | **16.9%** |
| Diluted Net Income Per Common Share | **$1.59** | $1.36 | **$0.23** | **16.9%** |

### Net Sales

Consolidated net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2023 increased 8.5% to a first quarter record $461.6 million versus $425.5 million last year, reflecting higher net sales for both the Retail and Foodservice segments driven primarily by volume gains. Sales in the prior-year first quarter were unfavorably impacted by an estimated $25 million in net sales attributed to advance ordering that occurred near the end of fiscal 2022 ahead of our ERP go-live that commenced on July 1, 2022. Consolidated sales volumes, measured in pounds shipped, increased 8.0% for the three months ended September 30, 2023. Excluding the impact of last year’s shift in sales due to our ERP go-live, consolidated sales volumes increased 1.4%. See discussion of net sales by segment following the discussion of “Earnings Per Share” below.

### Gross Profit

Consolidated gross profit for the three months ended September 30, 2023 increased $9.7 million to $108.7 million driven by the higher sales volumes, some continued favorability in pricing net of commodity costs, and our cost savings programs. Partial offsets to these positive factors included higher labor costs and increased depreciation expense. In aggregate, the input costs for our commodity basket were generally consistent with last year’s level. In last year’s first quarter, gross profit was unfavorably impacted by an estimated $5 million due to the aforementioned shift of net sales into the quarter ended June 30, 2022 ahead of our ERP go-live.

### Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

*(Dollars in thousands)*

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 | 2022 | Change |  |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| SG&A Expenses - Excluding Project Ascent | **$48,114** | $40,538 | **$7,576** | **18.7%** |
| Project Ascent Expenses | **3,833** | 9,219 | **(5,386)** | **(58.4)%** |
| Total SG&A Expenses | **$51,947** | $49,757 | **$2,190** | **4.4%** |

Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2023 increased 4.4% to $51.9 million compared to $49.8 million in the prior-year period. This increase reflects higher expenditures to support the continued growth of our business, including a more normalized level of consumer promotions, investments in personnel and higher brokerage costs associated with the increased sales. These higher costs were partially offset by lower expenditures for Project Ascent, our ERP initiative. Project Ascent expenses totaled $3.8 million in the current-year quarter versus $9.2 million last year.

Project Ascent expenses are included within Corporate Expenses. A portion of the costs that have been classified as Project Ascent expenses represent ongoing costs that will continue subsequent to the completion of our ERP implementation.

### Operating Income

Operating income increased $7.5 million to $56.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 driven by the increase in gross profit, as partially offset by the increase in SG&A expenses. See discussion of operating results by segment following the discussion of “Earnings Per Share” below.

### Taxes Based on Income

Our effective tax rate was 23.7% and 23.3% for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, our effective tax rate varied from the statutory federal income tax rate as a result of the following factors:

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 | 2022 |
| --- | ---: | ---: |
| Statutory rate | **21.0%** | 21.0% |
| State and local income taxes | **2.6** | 2.5 |
| Net windfall tax benefits - stock-based compensation | **—** | — |
| Other | **0.1** | (0.2) |
| **Effective rate** | **23.7%** | 23.3% |

We include the tax consequences related to stock-based compensation within the computation of income tax expense. We may experience increased volatility to our income tax expense and resulting net income dependent upon, among other variables, the price of our common stock and the timing and volume of share-based payment award activity such as employee exercises of stock-settled stock appreciation rights and vesting of restricted stock awards. For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the impact of net windfall tax benefits from stock-based compensation reduced our effective tax rate by less than 0.1%.

### Earnings Per Share

As influenced by the factors discussed above, diluted net income per share for the first quarter of 2024 totaled $1.59, as compared to $1.36 per diluted share in the prior year. Expenditures for Project Ascent reduced diluted earnings per share by $0.11 and $0.26 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding have remained relatively stable for the current and prior-year periods ended September 30.

### RESULTS OF OPERATIONS - SEGMENTS

### Retail Segment

*(Dollars in thousands)*

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 | 2022 | Change |  |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| **Net Sales** | **$242,184** | $223,216 | **$18,968** | **8.5%** |
| **Operating Income** | **$53,124** | $42,900 | **$10,224** | **23.8%** |
| **Operating Margin** | **21.9%** | 19.2% |  |  |

For the three months ended September 30, 2023, Retail segment net sales increased 8.5% to $242.2 million from the prior-year total of $223.2 million, including the favorable impact of higher sales volumes and, to a lesser extent, our 2023 pricing actions that have not fully lapped. Sales in the prior-year first quarter were unfavorably impacted by advance orders accounting for an estimated $11 million in Retail net sales that were made near the end of fiscal 2022 ahead of our ERP go-live, which commenced on July 1, 2022. Retail segment sales volumes, measured in pounds shipped, increased 7.1%. Retail sales volume growth was driven by the continued success of our program for licensed dressings and sauces. Our New York BRAND® Bakery frozen garlic bread products also contributed to the increase in the Retail sales volumes. Excluding the impact of last year’s shift in sales due to our ERP go-live, Retail segment sales volumes increased 1.4%.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023, Retail segment operating income increased 23.8% to $53.1 million due to our previous pricing actions, our cost savings programs and the favorable impact of higher sales volumes.

### Foodservice Segment

*(Dollars in thousands)*

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 | 2022 | Change |  |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| **Net Sales** | **$219,388** | $202,321 | **$17,067** | **8.4%** |
| **Operating Income** | **$26,633** | $31,929 | **$(5,296)** | **(16.6)%** |
| **Operating Margin** | **12.1%** | 15.8% |  |  |

For the three months ended September 30, 2023, Foodservice segment net sales grew 8.4% to $219.4 million compared to $202.3 million in the prior-year period driven by increased demand from several of our national chain restaurant account customers and growth for our branded Foodservice products. Sales in the prior-year first quarter were unfavorably impacted by the advance ordering that occurred near the end of fiscal 2022 ahead of our ERP go-live, which reduced Foodservice net sales in the prior-year period by an estimated $14 million. Foodservice segment sales volumes, measured in pounds shipped, increased 8.6%. Excluding the impact of last year’s shift in sales due to our ERP go-live, Foodservice segment sales volumes increased 1.4%.

For the three months ended September 30, 2023, Foodservice segment operating income decreased 16.6% to $26.6 million driven by higher supply chain costs, as partially offset by the benefit of increased sales volumes and a more favorable sales mix. The Foodservice segment’s operating margin compares to strong results in the prior-year period.

### Corporate Expenses

For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, corporate expenses totaled $23.0 million and $25.5 million, respectively. This decrease primarily reflects a decline in Project Ascent expenses, as partially offset by increased investments in personnel. Expenditures for Project Ascent totaled $3.8 million and $9.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

### LOOKING FORWARD

Looking forward to our fiscal second quarter, we anticipate Retail sales will continue to benefit from our expanding licensing program, including incremental growth from the new products, flavors and sizes we introduced in fiscal 2023. In the Foodservice segment, we expect continued volume growth from select customers in our mix of national chain restaurant accounts. Regarding inflation, while our input costs remain high, in total we do not anticipate a significant impact from inflationary costs in the upcoming quarter versus the prior-year period. External factors, including U.S. economic performance and potential changes in consumer sentiment, may impact demand.

With respect to Project Ascent, we completed the final wave of the implementation phase in August 2023 as planned and have shifted towards leveraging the capabilities of our new ERP system to improve execution.

We will continue to periodically reassess our allocation of capital to ensure that we maintain adequate operating flexibility while providing appropriate levels of cash returns to our shareholders.

### FINANCIAL CONDITION

### Cash Flows

For the three months ended September 30, 2023, net cash provided by operating activities totaled $35.6 million, as compared to $50.9 million in the prior-year period. This decrease was primarily due to the year-over-year changes in net working capital, particularly accrued liabilities and accounts payable. Accrued liabilities reflect the unfavorable cash flow impact of a current-year decrease in the accruals for compensation and employee benefits. The favorable cash flow impact of higher accounts payable, as adjusted to exclude construction in progress amounts, was more pronounced in the prior year due to increased commodity costs as well as the timing of payments. These changes in net working capital were partially offset by higher net income.

Cash used in investing activities for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was $19.7 million, as compared to $23.5 million in the prior year. This decrease primarily reflects a lower level of payments for property additions in the current year as the capacity expansion project at our dressing and sauce facility in Horse Cave, Kentucky reached substantial completion in March 2023.

Cash used in financing activities for the three months ended September 30, 2023 of $30.6 million increased from the prior-year total of $23.4 million. This increase reflects higher levels of share repurchases and dividend payments.

### Liquidity and Capital Resources

Under our unsecured revolving credit facility (“Facility”), we may borrow up to a maximum of $150 million at any one time. We had no borrowings outstanding under the Facility at September 30, 2023. At September 30, 2023, we had $2.2 million of standby letters of credit outstanding, which reduced the amount available for borrowing under the Facility. The Facility expires in March 2025, and all outstanding amounts are then due and payable. Interest is variable based upon formulas tied to SOFR or an alternate base rate defined in the Facility. We must also pay facility fees that are tied to our then-applicable consolidated leverage ratio. Loans may be used for general corporate purposes. Due to the nature of its terms, when we have outstanding borrowings under the Facility, they will be classified as long-term debt.

The Facility contains certain restrictive covenants, including limitations on indebtedness, asset sales and acquisitions, and financial covenants relating to interest coverage and leverage. At September 30, 2023, we were in compliance with all applicable provisions and covenants of this facility, and we exceeded the requirements of the financial covenants by substantial margins. At September 30, 2023, there were no events that would constitute a default under this facility.

We currently expect to remain in compliance with the Facility’s covenants for the foreseeable future. However, a default under the Facility could accelerate the repayment of any then outstanding indebtedness and limit our access to $75 million of additional credit available under the Facility. Such an event could require a reduction in or curtailment of cash dividends or share repurchases, reduce or delay beneficial expansion or investment plans, or otherwise impact our ability to meet our obligations when due.

We believe that cash provided by operating activities and our existing balances in cash and equivalents, in addition to that available under the Facility, should be adequate to meet our liquidity needs over the next 12 months, including the projected levels of capital expenditures and dividend payments. If we were to borrow outside of the Facility under current market terms, our average interest rate may increase and have an adverse effect on our results of operations. Based on our current plans and expectations, we believe our capital expenditures for 2024 could total between $70 and $80 million.

Beyond the next 12 months, we expect that cash provided by operating activities will be the primary source of liquidity. This source, combined with our existing balances in cash and equivalents and amounts available under the Facility, is expected to be sufficient to meet our overall cash requirements.

We have various contractual and other obligations that are appropriately recorded as liabilities in our condensed consolidated financial statements. Certain other contractual obligations are not recognized as liabilities in our condensed consolidated financial statements. Examples of such obligations are commitments to purchase raw materials or packaging inventory that has not yet been received as of September 30, 2023, as well as purchase orders and longer-term purchase arrangements related to the procurement of services, including IT service agreements, and property, plant and equipment. The majority of these obligations is expected to be due within one year.

### CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

There have been no changes in critical accounting policies from those policies disclosed in our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

### RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

Recent accounting pronouncements and their impact on our consolidated financial statements are disclosed in Note 1 to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

### FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

We desire to take advantage of the “safe harbor” provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (the “PSLRA”). This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains various “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the PSLRA and other applicable securities laws. Such statements can be identified by the use of the forward-looking words “anticipate,” “estimate,” “project,” “believe,” “intend,” “plan,” “expect,” “hope” or similar words. These statements discuss future expectations; contain projections regarding future developments, operations or financial conditions; or state other forward-looking information. Such statements are based upon assumptions and assessments made by us in light of our experience and perception of historical trends, current conditions, expected future developments and other factors we believe to be appropriate. These forward-looking statements involve various important risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements. Actual results may differ as a result of factors over which we have no, or limited, control including, without limitation, the specific influences outlined below. Management believes these forward-looking statements to be reasonable; however, one should not place undue reliance on such statements that are based on current expectations. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and we undertake no obligation to update such forward-looking statements, except as required by law.

Items which could impact these forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:

- efficiencies in plant operations and our overall supply chain network;
- the reaction of customers or consumers to pricing actions we take to offset inflationary costs;
- price and product competition;
- the impact of customer store brands on our branded retail volumes;
- adequate supply of labor for our manufacturing facilities;
- adverse changes in freight, energy or other costs of producing, distributing or transporting our products;
- inflationary pressures resulting in higher input costs;
- fluctuations in the cost and availability of ingredients and packaging;
- dependence on contract manufacturers, distributors and freight transporters, including their operational capacity and financial strength in continuing to support our business;
- stability of labor relations;
- dependence on key personnel and changes in key personnel;
- cyber-security incidents, information technology disruptions, and data breaches;
- capacity constraints that may affect our ability to meet demand or may increase our costs;
- geopolitical events, such as Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, that could create unforeseen business disruptions and impact the cost or availability of raw materials and energy;
- the potential for loss of larger programs or key customer relationships;
- failure to maintain or renew license agreements;
- significant shifts in consumer demand and disruptions to our employees, communities, customers, supply chains, production planning, operations, and production processes resulting from the impacts of epidemics, pandemics or similar widespread public health concerns and disease outbreaks;
- changes in demand for our products, which may result from loss of brand reputation or customer goodwill;
- the possible occurrence of product recalls or other defective or mislabeled product costs;
- the success and cost of new product development efforts;
- the lack of market acceptance of new products;
- the extent to which business acquisitions are completed and acceptably integrated;
- the ability to successfully grow acquired businesses;
- the effect of consolidation of customers within key market channels;
- maintenance of competitive position with respect to other manufacturers;
- the outcome of any litigation or arbitration;
- changes in estimates in critical accounting judgments;
- the impact of any regulatory matters affecting our food business, including any required labeling changes and their impact on consumer demand;
- the impact of fluctuations in our pension plan asset values on funding levels, contributions required and benefit costs; and
- certain other factors, including the information disclosed in our discussion of risk factors under Item 1A of our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

## Controls and procedures

As filed, 1,405 characters.

(a) *Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures.* As of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)). Based upon this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2023 to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is 1) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms and 2) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, in a manner that allows timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

(b) *Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting.* No changes were made to our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act) during our most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Filed Nov 2, 2023.
Source: SEC EDGAR, the filing index for accession 0000057515-23-000028. Last ingested by Listed: Nov 4, 2026, 14:58 ET. No prices; not investment advice.