# ABM Industries Inc: Form 10-Q for the period ended Jul 31, 2023

- Company: [ABM Industries Inc](/companies/abm.md) (CIK 771497)
- Form: 10-Q
- Filed: 2023-09-07
- Accepted by EDGAR: Sep 7, 2023, 11:35 ET
- Period: 2023-07-31
- Accession: 0000771497-23-000020
- Inline XBRL: yes
- Main document: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/771497/000077149723000020/abm-20230731.htm
- All documents and exhibits: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/771497/000077149723000020/

## Figures reported in this filing

Standardized XBRL line items for the period ended 2023-07-31.

| Line item | Period | Value | XBRL concept |
| --- | --- | ---: | --- |
| Revenue | 3 months, 2023-05-01 to 2023-07-31 | $2.03bn | us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax |
| Revenue | 9 months, 2022-11-01 to 2023-07-31 | $6.00bn | us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax |
| Cost of revenue | 3 months, 2023-05-01 to 2023-07-31 | $1.77bn | us-gaap:CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold |
| Cost of revenue | 9 months, 2022-11-01 to 2023-07-31 | $5.23bn | us-gaap:CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold |
| Selling, general and administrative | 3 months, 2023-05-01 to 2023-07-31 | $104.3m | us-gaap:SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense |
| Selling, general and administrative | 9 months, 2022-11-01 to 2023-07-31 | $411.5m | us-gaap:SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense |
| Operating income | 3 months, 2023-05-01 to 2023-07-31 | $138.9m | us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss |
| Operating income | 9 months, 2022-11-01 to 2023-07-31 | $303.1m | us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss |
| Interest expense | 3 months, 2023-05-01 to 2023-07-31 | $20.9m | us-gaap:InterestExpense |
| Interest expense | 9 months, 2022-11-01 to 2023-07-31 | $61.8m | us-gaap:InterestExpense |
| Income tax | 3 months, 2023-05-01 to 2023-07-31 | $21.2m | us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit |
| Income tax | 9 months, 2022-11-01 to 2023-07-31 | $55.7m | us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit |
| Net income | 3 months, 2023-05-01 to 2023-07-31 | $98.1m | us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss |
| Net income | 9 months, 2022-11-01 to 2023-07-31 | $188.5m | us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss |
| Diluted EPS | 3 months, 2023-05-01 to 2023-07-31 | $1.47 | us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted |
| Diluted EPS | 9 months, 2022-11-01 to 2023-07-31 | $2.83 | us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted |
| Basic EPS | 3 months, 2023-05-01 to 2023-07-31 | $1.48 | us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic |
| Basic EPS | 9 months, 2022-11-01 to 2023-07-31 | $2.84 | us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic |
| Diluted shares (weighted) | 3 months, 2023-05-01 to 2023-07-31 | 66,600,000 shares | us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding |
| Diluted shares (weighted) | 9 months, 2022-11-01 to 2023-07-31 | 66,700,000 shares | us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding |
| Operating cash flow | 9 months, 2022-11-01 to 2023-07-31 | $104.1m | us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities |
| Capital expenditure | 9 months, 2022-11-01 to 2023-07-31 | $34.6m | us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment |
| Dividends paid | 9 months, 2022-11-01 to 2023-07-31 | $43.5m | us-gaap:PaymentsOfDividendsCommonStock |
| Share repurchases | 9 months, 2022-11-01 to 2023-07-31 | $27.1m | us-gaap:PaymentsForRepurchaseOfCommonStock |
| Cash and equivalents | at 2023-07-31 | $97.7m | us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue |
| Current assets | at 2023-07-31 | $1.73bn | us-gaap:AssetsCurrent |
| Total assets | at 2023-07-31 | $4.97bn | us-gaap:Assets |
| Current liabilities | at 2023-07-31 | $1.18bn | us-gaap:LiabilitiesCurrent |
| Total liabilities | at 2023-07-31 | $3.11bn | us-gaap:Liabilities |
| Long-term debt | at 2023-07-31 | $1.29bn | us-gaap:LongTermDebtNoncurrent |
| Current portion of debt | at 2023-07-31 | $31.5m | us-gaap:DebtCurrent |
| Shareholders' equity | at 2023-07-31 | $1.86bn | us-gaap:StockholdersEquity |

## Management's discussion and analysis

As filed, 47,834 characters.

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) is intended to facilitate an understanding of the results of operations and financial condition of ABM. This MD&A is provided as a supplement to, and should be read in conjunction with, our Financial Statements and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended October 31, 2022, which has been filed with the SEC. This MD&A contains forward-looking statements about our business, operations, and industry that involve risks and uncertainties, such as statements regarding our plans, objectives, expectations, and intentions. Our future results and financial condition may be materially different from those we currently anticipate. See “Forward-Looking Statements” for more information.

Throughout the MD&A, amounts and percentages may not recalculate due to rounding. Unless otherwise indicated, all information in the MD&A and references to years are based on our fiscal years, which end on October 31.

### Business Overview

ABM is a leading provider of integrated facility solutions, customized by industry, with a mission to **make a difference, every person, every day.**

### ELEVATE Strategy

In December 2021, we announced our multiyear strategic plan called **ELEVATE**. The **ELEVATE** strategy is designed to strengthen our industry leadership position through end-market repositioning and build on our core services, which we expect will drive significant long-term value for our stakeholders.

We will continue to make significant investments, which, as previously stated, are expected to total $150 – $180 million over the life of the program, and we will continue to implement various measures with the aim to **ELEVATE:**

- the client experience, by serving as a trusted advisor who can provide innovative multiservice solutions and consistent service delivery;
- the team member experience, by investing in workforce management, training, developing the next generation of ABM leaders, and building on our inclusive culture; and
- our use of technology and data to power client and employee experiences with cutting-edge data and analytics, processes, and tools that will fundamentally change how we operate our business.

### Insurance

We review our self-insurance liabilities on a regular basis and adjust our accruals accordingly. Actual claims activity or development may vary from our assumptions and estimates, which may result in material losses or gains. As we obtain additional information that affects the assumptions and estimates used in our reserve liability calculations, we adjust our self-insurance rates and reserves for future periods and, if appropriate, adjust our reserves for claims incurred in prior accounting periods.

During the third quarter of 2023, we performed a comprehensive actuarial review of the majority of our casualty insurance programs to evaluate changes made to claims reserves and claims payment activity for the period of November 1, 2022, through April 30, 2023 (the “Actuarial Review”). The Actuarial Review was comprehensive in nature and was based on loss development patterns, trend assumptions, and underlying expected loss costs during the period analyzed.

The claims management strategies and programs that we have implemented have resulted in improvements. Based on the results of the Actuarial Review, we decreased our total reserves related to prior years for known claims as well as our estimate of the loss amounts associated with IBNR claims by $5.3 million during the nine months ended July 31, 2023. The favorable review was primarily attributable to reduced claim frequency and severity development within the workers’ compensation program. During the nine months ended July 31, 2022, we decreased our total reserves related to prior years’ claims by $36.1 million. We will continue to assess ongoing developments, which may result in further adjustments to reserves.

### Segment Reporting

Our current reportable segments consist of B&I, M&D, Education, Aviation, and Technical Solutions, as further described below.

### REPORTABLE SEGMENTS AND DESCRIPTIONS

B&I, our largest reportable segment, encompasses janitorial, facilities engineering, and parking services for commercial real estate properties (including corporate offices for high tech clients), sports and entertainment venues, and traditional hospitals and non-acute healthcare facilities. B&I also provides vehicle maintenance and other services to rental car providers.

M&D provides integrated facility services, engineering, janitorial, and other specialized services in different types of manufacturing, distribution, and data center facilities. Manufacturing facilities include traditional motor vehicles, electric vehicles, batteries, pharmaceuticals, steel, semiconductors, chemicals, and many others. Distribution facilities include e-commerce, cold storage, logistics, general warehousing, and others.

Education delivers janitorial, custodial, landscaping and grounds, facilities engineering, and parking services for public school districts, private schools, colleges, and universities.

Aviation supports airlines and airports with services ranging from parking and janitorial to passenger assistance, catering logistics, air cabin maintenance, and transportation.

Technical Solutions specializes in facility infrastructure, mechanical and electrical services, including power design, installation and maintenance, as well as microgrid systems installations. These services can also be leveraged for cross-selling across all of our industry groups, both domestically and internationally.

24

### Key Financial Highlights

- Revenues increased by $66.8 million, or 3.4%, to $2,028.2 million during the three months ended July 31, 2023, as compared to the prior year period. Revenue growth was comprised of organic growth of 2.5% and acquisition growth of 0.9%. Acquisition growth was driven by an $18.2 million revenue increase from the RavenVolt Acquisition, which was completed in September 2022. Organic growth was primarily driven by the net new business and expansion of business with existing customers within M&D and Education and the recovery in volume of our business in Aviation. The increase in revenues was partially offset by a decrease in work orders primarily in B&I, M&D, and Education.
- We had an increase in operating profit of $50.2 million to $138.9 million during the three months ended July 31, 2023, as compared to the prior year period. The increase was primarily attributed to:
- the decrease in the fair value of the contingent consideration related to the RavenVolt Acquisition; and
- the ERC refunds received.

The increase was partially offset by:

- a decrease in work orders, which have higher margins; and
- amortization of intangibles related to the RavenVolt Acquisition of $3.2 million.
- Interest expense increased by $9.8 million, to $20.9 million during the three months ended July 31, 2023, as compared to the prior year period, and was driven by higher interest rates on our debt borrowings.
- Our effective tax rate on income from operations was 17.7% for the three months ended July 31, 2023, as compared to 27.5% for the three months ended July 31, 2022. Our effective tax rate for the three months ended July 31, 2023, was impacted by discrete items related to ERC refunds received from IRS, and the non-taxable change in the fair value of the contingent consideration related to the RavenVolt Acquisition. Our effective tax rate for the three months ended July 31, 2022, was not impacted by any significant discrete items.
- Net cash provided by operating activities was $104.1 million during the nine months ended July 31, 2023. Our total net cash provided by operating cash flows was higher compared to the prior year period, primarily due to the timing of working capital requirements, which included a $143.8 million payment for the *Bucio* case during the nine months ended July 31, 2022.
- Dividends of $43.5 million were paid to shareholders, and dividends totaling $0.660 per common share were declared during the nine months ended July 31, 2023.
- At July 31, 2023, total outstanding borrowings under our Amended Credit Facility were $1.3 billion. At July 31, 2023, we had up to $485.0 million of borrowing capacity.

### Results of Operations

### Three Months Ended July 31, 2023, Compared with the Three Months Ended July 31, 2022

### Consolidated

*(in millions, except per share amounts)*

|  | Three Months Ended July 31, 2023 | 2022 | Increase / (Decrease) |  |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| **Revenues** | $2,028.2 | $1,961.4 | $66.8 | 3.4% |
| Operating expenses | 1,765.8 | 1,696.4 | 69.4 | 4.1% |
| Gross margin | 12.9% | 13.5% | (57) bps |  |
| Selling, general and administrative expenses | 104.3 | 158.6 | (54.3) | (34.3)% |
| Amortization of intangible assets | 19.2 | 17.7 | 1.5 | 8.5% |
| **Operating profit** | 138.9 | 88.7 | 50.2 | 56.7% |
| Income from unconsolidated affiliates | 1.2 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 52.2% |
| Interest expense | (20.9) | (11.1) | (9.8) | (87.6)% |
| Income before income taxes | 119.3 | 78.3 | 41.0 | 52.3% |
| Income tax provision | (21.2) | (21.5) | 0.3 | 1.7% |
| **Net income** | 98.1 | 56.8 | 41.3 | 72.7% |
| Other comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |
| Interest rate swaps | 12.8 | (5.7) | 18.5 | NM\* |
| Foreign currency translation and other | 3.1 | (3.7) | 6.8 | NM\* |
| Income tax benefit (provision) | (3.6) | 1.5 | (5.1) | NM\* |
| **Comprehensive income** | $110.4 | $48.9 | $61.5 | 125.6% |

\*Not meaningful

### Revenues

Revenues increased by $66.8 million, or 3.4%, to $2,028.2 million during the three months ended July 31, 2023, as compared to the prior year period. Revenue growth was comprised of organic growth of 2.5% and acquisition growth of 0.9%. Acquisition growth was driven by an $18.2 million revenue increase from the RavenVolt Acquisition, which was completed in September 2022. Organic growth was primarily driven by the net new business and expansion of business with existing customers within M&D and Education and the recovery in volume of our business in Aviation. The increase in revenues was partially offset by a decrease in work orders primarily in B&I, M&D, and Education.

### Operating Expenses

Operating expenses increased by $69.4 million, or 4.1%, to $1,765.8 million during the three months ended July 31, 2023, as compared to the prior year period. Gross margin decreased by 57 bps to 12.9% in the three months ended July 31, 2023, from 13.5% in the prior year period. The decrease in gross margin was primarily driven by the change in contact mix as well as a decrease in favorable self-insurance adjustments related to prior year claims as the result of actuarial evaluations completed.

### Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased by $54.3 million to $104.3 million during the three months ended July 31, 2023, as compared to the prior year period. The decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses was primarily attributable to:

- a $37.2 million decrease in the fair value of contingent consideration related to the RavenVolt Acquisition; and
- a $22.4 million benefit from ERC refunds received.

This decrease was partially offset by:

- a $3.5 million increase in legal costs and settlements due to a reversal of an accrual during the three months ended July 31, 2022.

### Amortization of Intangible Assets

Amortization of intangible assets increased by $1.5 million, or 8.5%, to $19.2 million during the three months ended July 31, 2023, as compared to the prior year period. The increase was primarily due to the amortization of intangibles acquired as part of the RavenVolt Acquisition.

### Interest Expense

Interest expense increased by $9.8 million, to $20.9 million during the three months ended July 31, 2023, as compared to the prior year period, and was driven by higher interest rates on our debt borrowings.

### Income Taxes from Operations

Our effective tax rates from income on operations for the three months ended July 31, 2023, and July 31, 2022, were 17.7% and 27.5%, respectively, resulting in provisions for taxes of $21.2 million and $21.5 million, respectively.

Our effective tax rate for the three months ended July 31, 2023 was impacted by discrete items related to ERC refunds received from IRS, and the non-taxable change in the fair value of the contingent consideration related to the RavenVolt Acquisition. Our effective tax rate for the three months ended July 31, 2022, was not impacted by any significant discrete items.

### Interest Rate Swaps

We had a gain of $12.8 million on interest rate swaps during the three months ended July 31, 2023, as compared to a loss of $5.7 million during the three months ended July 31, 2022, primarily due to underlying changes in the fair value of our interest rate swaps.

### Foreign Currency Translation

We had a foreign currency translation gain of $3.1 million during the three months ended July 31, 2023, as compared to a foreign currency translation loss of $3.7 million during the three months ended July 31, 2022. This change was due to fluctuations in the exchange rate between the U.S. Dollar (“USD”) and the British pound sterling (“GBP”). Future gains and losses on foreign currency translation will be dependent upon changes in the relative value of foreign currencies to the USD and the extent of our foreign assets and liabilities.

### Segment Information

### Financial Information for Each Reportable Segment

*(in millions)*

| Revenues | Three Months Ended July 31, 2023 | 2022 | Increase / (Decrease) |  |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| Business & Industry | $1,021.4 | $1,033.8 | $(12.4) | (1.2)% |
| Manufacturing & Distribution | 381.9 | 358.1 | 23.8 | 6.6% |
| Education | 219.1 | 207.5 | 11.6 | 5.6% |
| Aviation | 238.0 | 203.5 | 34.5 | 16.9% |
| Technical Solutions | 167.9 | 158.4 | 9.5 | 6.0% |
|  | $2,028.2 | $1,961.4 | $66.8 | 3.4% |
| **Operating profit** |  |  |  |  |
| Business & Industry | $78.9 | $82.4 | $(3.5) | (4.2)% |
| Operating profit margin | 7.7% | 8.0% | (24) bps |  |
| Manufacturing & Distribution | 38.1 | 38.0 | — | 0.1% |
| Operating profit margin | 10.0% | 10.6% | (65) bps |  |
| Education | 15.9 | 14.5 | 1.4 | 10.1% |
| Operating profit margin | 7.3% | 7.0% | 30 bps |  |
| Aviation | 11.7 | 9.5 | 2.2 | 23.1% |
| Operating profit margin | 4.9% | 4.7% | 25 bps |  |
| Technical Solutions | 11.4 | 15.4 | (4.0) | (25.7)% |
| Operating profit margin | 6.8% | 9.7% | (291) bps |  |
| Government Services | — | 0.1 | (0.1) | NM\* |
| Operating margin | NM\* | NM\* | NM\* |  |
| Corporate | (15.9) | (70.3) | 54.4 | 77.4% |
| Adjustment for income from unconsolidated affiliates, included in Aviation and Technical Solutions | (1.2) | (0.8) | (0.4) | 52.2% |
| Adjustment for tax deductions for energy efficient government buildings, included in Technical Solutions | — | (0.1) | 0.1 | NM\* |
|  | $138.9 | $88.7 | $50.2 | 56.7% |

\*Not meaningful

*($ in millions)*

| Business & Industry | Three Months Ended July 31, 2023 | 2022 | Decrease |  |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| Revenues | $1,021.4 | $1,033.8 | $(12.4) | (1.2)% |
| Operating profit | 78.9 | 82.4 | (3.5) | (4.2)% |
| Operating profit margin | 7.7% | 8.0% | (24) bps |  |

B&I revenues decreased by $12.4 million, or 1.2%, to $1,021.4 million during the three months ended July 31, 2023, as compared to the prior year period. The revenue decrease was primarily driven by the decline in work orders and expected attrition of certain engineering clients. Management reimbursement revenues for this segment totaled $70.1 million and $58.6 million for the three months ended July 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Operating profit decreased by $3.5 million, or 4.2%, to $78.9 million during the three months ended July 31, 2023, as compared to the prior year period. Operating profit margin decreased by 24 bps to 7.7% in the three months ended July 31, 2023, from 8.0% in the prior year period. The decrease in operating profit margin was primarily driven by the decrease in work orders, which have higher margins, and the change in contract and service mix, partially offset by an absence of bad debt expense.

*($ in millions)*

| Manufacturing & Distribution | Three Months Ended July 31, 2023 | 2022 | Increase / (Decrease) |  |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| Revenues | $381.9 | $358.1 | $23.8 | 6.6% |
| Operating profit | 38.1 | 38.0 | — | 0.1% |
| Operating profit margin | 10.0% | 10.6% | (65) bps |  |

M&D revenues increased by $23.8 million, or 6.6%, to $381.9 million during the three months ended July 31, 2023, as compared to the prior year period. The increase was primarily attributable to net new business and the expansion of business with existing customers, partially offset by a decrease in work orders.

Operating profit increased by 0.1% to $38.1 million during the three months ended July 31, 2023, as compared to the prior year period. Operating profit margin decreased by 65 bps to 10.0% in the three months ended July 31, 2023, from 10.6% in the prior year period. The decrease in operating profit margin was primarily attributable to the change in contract mix.

*($ in millions)*

| Education | Three Months Ended July 31, 2023 | 2022 | Increase |  |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| Revenues | $219.1 | $207.5 | $11.6 | 5.6% |
| Operating profit | 15.9 | 14.5 | 1.4 | 10.1% |
| Operating profit margin | 7.3% | 7.0% | 30 bps |  |

Education revenues increased by $11.6 million, or 5.6%, to $219.1 million during the three months ended July 31, 2023, as compared to the prior year period. The increase was primarily attributable to net new business, partially offset by a decrease in work orders for disinfection-related demands.

Operating profit increased by $1.4 million, or 10.1%, to $15.9 million for the three months ended July 31, 2023, as compared to the prior year period. Operating profit margin increased by 30 bps to 7.3% in the three months ended July 31, 2023, from 7.0% in the prior year period. The increase in operating profit margin was primarily attributable to labor efficiencies and lower amortization of intangible assets. Operating profit margin was negatively impacted by the decrease in work orders, which have higher margins.

*($ in millions)*

| Aviation | Three Months Ended July 31, 2023 | 2022 | Increase |  |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| Revenues | $238.0 | $203.5 | $34.5 | 16.9% |
| Operating profit | 11.7 | 9.5 | 2.2 | 6.0% |
| Operating profit margin | 4.9% | 4.7% | 25 bps |  |

Aviation revenues increased by $34.5 million, or 16.9%, to $238.0 million during the three months ended July 31, 2023, as compared to the prior year period. The increase was primarily attributable to a recovery in consumer and business travel (both domestic and international). Management reimbursement revenues for this segment totaled $7.7 million and $14.2 million for the three months ended July 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Operating profit increased by $2.2 million, to $11.7 million during the three months ended July 31, 2023, as compared to the prior year period. Operating profit margin increased by 25 bps to 4.9% in the three months ended July 31, 2023, from 4.7% in the three months ended July 31, 2022. The increase was primarily attributable to increased volume and certain price increases. The increase was partially offset by an increase in direct labor and related costs due to increased wages and headcount as travel continues to recover.

*($ in millions)*

| Technical Solutions | Three Months Ended July 31, 2023 | 2022 | Increase / (Decrease) |  |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| Revenues | $167.9 | $158.4 | $9.5 | 6.0% |
| Operating profit | 11.4 | 15.4 | (4.0) | (25.7)% |
| Operating profit margin | 6.8% | 9.7% | (291) bps |  |

Technical Solutions revenues increased by $9.5 million, or 6.0%, to $167.9 million during the three months ended July 31, 2023, as compared to the prior year period. Revenue growth was comprised of acquisition growth of 11.5%, which was partially offset by an organic decrease of 5.5%. Acquisition growth was driven by an $18.2 million revenue increase from the RavenVolt Acquisition, which was completed in 2022. The organic revenue decrease was primarily driven by lower project revenues due to the timing of completions of certain bundled energy solutions projects, partially offset by increase in electric vehicle charging station installation sales.

Operating profit decreased $4.0 million, or 25.7%, to $11.4 million during the three months ended July 31, 2023, as compared to the prior year period. Operating profit margin decreased by 291 bps to 6.8% in the three months ended July 31, 2023, from 9.7% in the prior year period. The decrease in operating profit margin was primarily attributable to the contract mix and a $3.2 million amortization of intangible assets related to RavenVolt.

*($ in millions)*

| Corporate | Three Months Ended July 31, 2023 | 2022 | Decrease |  |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| Corporate expenses | $(15.9) | $(70.3) | $54.4 | 77.4% |

Corporate expenses decreased by $54.4 million, or 77.4%, to $15.9 million during the three months ended July 31, 2023, as compared to the prior year period. The decrease in corporate expenses was primarily attributable to:

- a $37.2 million decrease in the fair value of contingent consideration related to the RavenVolt Acquisition; and
- a $22.4 million benefit from ERC refunds received.

### Results of Operations

### Nine Months Ended July 31, 2023, Compared with the Nine Months Ended July 31, 2022

### Consolidated

*(in millions)*

|  | Nine Months Ended July 31, 2023 | 2022 | Increase / (Decrease) |  |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| **Revenues** | $6,003.5 | $5,795.5 | $208.0 | 3.6% |
| Operating expenses | 5,230.7 | 5,004.4 | 226.3 | 4.5% |
| Gross margin | 12.9% | 13.7% | (78) bps |  |
| Selling, general and administrative expenses | 411.5 | 468.5 | (57.0) | (12.2)% |
| Amortization of intangible assets | 58.2 | 52.9 | 5.3 | 10.1% |
| **Operating profit** | 303.1 | 269.7 | 33.4 | 12.4% |
| Income from unconsolidated affiliates | 3.0 | 1.8 | 1.2 | 60.1% |
| Interest expense | (61.8) | (25.2) | (36.6) | NM\* |
| Income before income taxes | 244.2 | 246.3 | (2.1) | (0.9)% |
| Income tax provision | (55.7) | (64.8) | 9.1 | 14.0% |
| **Net income** | 188.5 | 181.6 | 6.9 | 3.8% |
| Other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  |  |  |
| Interest rate swaps | (2.7) | 6.2 | (8.9) | NM\* |
| Foreign currency translation and other | 15.9 | (15.1) | 31.0 | NM\* |
| Income tax (provision) benefit | 0.7 | (1.7) | 2.4 | NM\* |
| **Comprehensive income** | $202.4 | $171.1 | $31.3 | 18.3% |

\*Not meaningful

### Revenues

Revenues increased by $208.0 million, or 3.6%, to $6,003.5 million during the nine months ended July 31, 2023, as compared to the prior year period. Revenue growth was comprised of organic growth of 1.9% and acquisition growth of 1.7%. Acquisition growth was primarily driven by a $98.4 million revenue increase from the Momentum and RavenVolt acquisitions, which were completed in 2022. Organic growth was primarily driven by the net new business and expansion of business with existing customers within M&D and Education and recovery in volume of our business in Aviation. In addition, we recognized $11.4 million in revenue from an Aviation parking project, whereby all the direct labor and related costs were recognized in the prior periods. The related revenue was not recognized in the prior periods since the criteria for revenue recognition was not met until February 2023. The increase in revenues was partially offset by a decrease in work orders primarily in B&I, M&D, and Education.

### Operating Expenses

Operating expenses increased by $226.3 million, or 4.5%, to $5,230.7 million during the nine months ended July 31, 2023, as compared to the prior year period. Gross margin decreased by 78 bps to 12.9% in the nine months ended July 31, 2023, from 13.7% in the nine months ended July 31, 2022. The decrease in gross margin was primarily driven by the decrease in favorable self-insurance adjustments related to prior year claims as the result of actuarial evaluations completed on our workers’ compensation, general liability, automobile liability, and property damage insurance plans. In addition, there was a decrease in work orders (primarily in B&I, M&D, and Education), which have higher margins. The decrease in gross margin was partially offset by the revenue recognized for the Aviation parking project.

### Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased by $57.0 million, or 12.2%, to $411.5 million during the nine months ended July 31, 2023, as compared to the nine months ended July 31, 2022. The decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses was primarily attributable to:

- a $45.6 million decrease in the fair value of contingent consideration related to the RavenVolt Acquisition; and
- a $22.4 million benefit from ERC refunds received.

This decrease was partially offset by:

- the absence of a $7.7 million gain on the sale of a group of customer contracts related to healthcare technology management services within Technical Solutions during the three months ended January 31, 2022; and
- a $4.6 million unfavorable self-insurance adjustment related to prior year claims as the result of actuarial evaluations completed on our medical and dental self-insurance plans.

### Amortization of Intangible Assets

Amortization of intangible assets increased by $5.3 million, or 10.1%, to $58.2 million during the nine months ended July 31, 2023, as compared to the nine months ended July 31, 2022. This increase was primarily due to the amortization of intangibles acquired as part of the RavenVolt Acquisition.

### Interest Expense

Interest expense increased by $36.6 million, to $61.8 million during the nine months ended July 31, 2023, as compared to the nine months ended July 31, 2022. The increase was driven by higher interest rates on our debt borrowings.

### Income Taxes from Operations

Our effective tax rates on income from operations for the nine months ended July 31, 2023, and July 31, 2022, were 22.8% and 26.3%, respectively, resulting in provisions for taxes of $55.7 million and $64.8 million, respectively.

Our effective tax rate for the nine months ended July 31, 2023, benefited from discrete items, primarily by $1.7 million for share-based compensation, ERC refunds received from IRS, and the non-taxable change in the fair value of the contingent consideration related to the RavenVolt Acquisition. Our effective tax rate for the nine months ended July 31, 2022, benefited from discrete items, primarily by $3.3 million change in tax reserves and $1.3 million for share-based compensation.

### Interest Rate Swaps

We had a loss of $2.7 million during the nine months ended July 31, 2023, as compared to a gain of $6.2 million during the nine months ended July 31, 2022, primarily due to underlying changes in the fair value of our interest rate swaps.

### Foreign Currency Translation

We had a foreign currency translation gain of $15.9 million during the nine months ended July 31, 2023, as compared to a foreign currency translation loss of $15.1 million during the nine months ended July 31, 2022. This change was due to fluctuations in the exchange rate between the USD and the GBP. Future gains and losses on foreign currency translation will be dependent upon changes in the relative value of foreign currencies to the USD and the extent of our foreign assets and liabilities.

### Segment Information

### Financial Information for Each Reportable Segment

*(in millions)*

| Revenues | Nine Months Ended July 31, 2023 | 2022 | Increase / (Decrease) |  |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| Business & Industry | $3,056.4 | $3,067.0 | $(10.6) | (0.3)% |
| Manufacturing & Distribution | 1,135.5 | 1,074.1 | 61.4 | 5.7% |
| Education | 650.7 | 617.6 | 33.1 | 5.4% |
| Aviation | 677.5 | 589.7 | 87.8 | 14.9% |
| Technical Solutions | 483.4 | 447.2 | 36.2 | 8.1% |
|  | $6,003.5 | $5,795.5 | $208.0 | 3.6% |
| **Operating profit** |  |  |  |  |
| Business & Industry | $231.1 | $242.4 | $(11.3) | (4.7)% |
| Operating profit margin | 7.6% | 7.9% | (34) bps |  |
| Manufacturing & Distribution | 119.7 | 120.6 | (0.9) | (0.7)% |
| Operating profit margin | 10.5% | 11.2% | (68) bps |  |
| Education | 39.5 | 38.8 | 0.7 | 1.8% |
| Operating profit margin | 6.1% | 6.3% | (21) bps |  |
| Aviation | 43.6 | 28.0 | 15.6 | 55.7% |
| Operating profit margin | 6.4% | 4.8% | 169 bps |  |
| Technical Solutions | 28.8 | 42.8 | (14.0) | (32.7)% |
| Operating profit margin | 6.0% | 9.6% | (362) bps |  |
| Government Services | — | (0.3) | 0.3 | NM\* |
| Operating margin | NM\* | NM\* | — bps |  |
| Corporate | (156.7) | (200.6) | 44.0 | 21.9% |
| Adjustment for income from unconsolidated affiliates, included in Aviation and Technical Solutions | (3.0) | (1.8) | (1.1) | (60.1)% |
| Adjustment for tax deductions for energy efficient government buildings, included in Technical Solutions | (0.1) | (0.3) | 0.1 | 50.2% |
|  | $303.1 | $269.7 | $33.4 | 12.4% |

\*Not meaningful

*($ in millions)*

| Business & Industry | Nine Months Ended July 31, 2023 | 2022 | Decrease |  |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| Revenues | $3,056.4 | $3,067.0 | $(10.6) | (0.3)% |
| Operating profit | 231.1 | 242.4 | (11.3) | (4.7)% |
| Operating profit margin | 7.6% | 7.9% | (34) bps |  |

B&I revenues decreased by $10.6 million, or 0.3%, to $3,056.4 million during the nine months ended July 31, 2023, as compared to the prior year period. Revenue growth was comprised of acquisition growth of 1.0% and organic decrease of 1.3%. Acquisition growth was primarily driven by a $32.1 million revenue increase from the Momentum Acquisition, which was completed in the second quarter of 2022. The organic revenue decrease was primarily driven by the decline in work orders, including disinfection-related work orders, and expected attrition of certain engineering clients. Management reimbursement revenues for this segment totaled $200.2 million and $165.0 million for the nine months ended July 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Operating profit decreased by $11.3 million, or 4.7%, to $231.1 million during the nine months ended July 31, 2023, as compared to the prior year period. Operating profit margin decreased by 34 bps to 7.6% in the nine months ended July 31, 2023, from 7.9% in the nine months ended July 31, 2022. The decrease in operating profit margin was primarily driven by the decrease in work orders, which have higher margins, and contract and service mix, partially offset by lower amortization of intangible assets.

*($ in millions)*

| Manufacturing & Distribution | Nine Months Ended July 31, 2023 | 2022 | Increase / (Decrease) |  |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| Revenues | $1,135.5 | $1,074.1 | $61.4 | 5.7% |
| Operating profit | 119.7 | 120.6 | (0.9) | (0.7)% |
| Operating profit margin | 10.5% | 11.2% | (68) bps |  |

M&D revenues increased by $61.4 million, or 5.7%, to $1,135.5 million during the nine months ended July 31, 2023, as compared to the prior year period. The increase was primarily attributable to the net new business and the expansion of business with existing customers, partially offset by a decrease in work orders.

Operating profit decreased by $0.9 million, or 0.7%, to $119.7 million during the nine months ended July 31, 2023, as compared to the prior year period. Operating profit margin decreased by 68 bps to 10.5% in the nine months ended July 31, 2023, from 11.2% in the nine months ended July 31, 2022. The decrease in operating profit margin was primarily attributable to the decrease in work orders, which have higher margins, and change in contract mix.

*($ in millions)*

| Education | Nine Months Ended July 31, 2023 | 2022 | Increase / (Decrease) |  |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| Revenues | $650.7 | $617.6 | $33.1 | 5.4% |
| Operating profit | 39.5 | 38.8 | 0.7 | 1.8% |
| Operating profit margin | 6.1% | 6.3% | (21) bps |  |

Education revenues increased by $33.1 million, or 5.4%, to $650.7 million during the nine months ended July 31, 2023, as compared to the prior year period. The increase was primarily attributable to net new business, partially offset by a decrease in work orders for disinfection-related demands.

Operating profit increased by $0.7 million, or 1.8%, during the nine months ended July 31, 2023, as compared to the prior year period. Operating profit margin decreased by 21 bps to 6.1% in the nine months ended July 31, 2023, from 6.3% in the nine months ended July 31, 2022. The decrease in operating profit margin was primarily attributable to an increase in start-up supplies to support new business growth and the decrease in disinfection-related work orders, which have higher margins. Operating profit margin was positively impacted by lower depreciation and amortization expense.

*($ in millions)*

| Aviation | Nine Months Ended July 31, 2023 | 2022 | Increase |  |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| Revenues | $677.5 | $589.7 | $87.8 | 14.9% |
| Operating profit | 43.6 | 28.0 | 15.6 | 55.7% |
| Operating profit margin | 6.4% | 4.8% | 169 bps |  |

Aviation revenues increased by $87.8 million, or 14.9%, to $677.5 million during the nine months ended July 31, 2023, as compared to the prior year period. The increase was primarily attributable to a recovery in consumer and business travel (both domestic and international) and new parking-related services. Management reimbursement revenues for this segment totaled $23.3 million and $39.0 million for the nine months ended July 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Operating profit increased by $15.6 million, or 55.7%, to $43.6 million during the nine months ended July 31, 2023, as compared to the prior year period. Operating profit margin increased by 169 bps to 6.4% in the nine months ended July 31, 2023, from 4.8% in the nine months ended July 31, 2022. The increase was primarily attributable to $11.4 million in revenue from an Aviation parking project, whereby all the direct labor and related costs were recognized in the prior periods. The related revenue was not recognized in the prior periods since the criteria for revenue recognition was not met until February 2023. Operating profit margin was negatively impacted by an increase in direct labor and related costs due to increased headcounts as travel continues to recover.

*($ in millions)*

| Technical Solutions | Nine Months Ended July 31, 2023 | 2022 | Increase / (Decrease) |  |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| Revenues | $483.4 | $447.2 | $36.2 | 8.1% |
| Operating profit | 28.8 | 42.8 | (14.0) | (32.7)% |
| Operating profit margin | 6.0% | 9.6% | (362) bps |  |

Technical Solutions revenues increased by $36.2 million, or 8.1%, to $483.4 million during the nine months ended July 31, 2023, as compared to the prior year period. Revenue growth was comprised of acquisition growth of 14.8%, which was partially offset by an organic decrease of 6.7%. Acquisition growth was driven by $66.3 million revenue increase from the RavenVolt Acquisition, which was completed in 2022. The organic revenue decrease was primarily driven by the decline in electric vehicle charging station installation sales, lower project revenues due to the timing of completions of certain bundled energy solutions projects, as well as the sale of a group of customer contracts related to healthcare technology management services in the first quarter of 2022.

Operating profit decreased by $14.0 million, or 32.7%, to $28.8 million during the nine months ended July 31, 2023, as compared to the prior year period. Operating profit margin decreased by 362 bps to 6.0% in the nine months ended July 31, 2023, from 9.6% in the nine months ended July 31, 2022. The decrease in operating profit margin was primarily attributable to the $7.6 million gain recognized on the sale of a group of customer contracts in the first quarter of 2022 and a $9.5 million amortization of intangible assets related to RavenVolt.

*($ in millions)*

| Corporate | Nine Months Ended July 31, 2023 | 2022 | Decrease |  |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| Corporate expenses | $(156.7) | $(200.6) | $44.0 | 21.9% |

Corporate expenses decreased by $44.0 million, or 21.9%, to $156.7 million during the nine months ended July 31, 2023, as compared to the prior year period. The decrease in corporate expenses was primarily attributable to:

- a $45.6 million decrease in the fair value of contingent consideration related to the RavenVolt Acquisition;
- a $22.4 million benefit from ERC refunds received; and
- a $6.2 million decrease in compensation and related expenses primarily due to year-end compensation true-up for certain incentive plans and lower share-based compensation expense.

This decrease was partially offset by:

- a $30.8 million decrease in favorable self-insurance adjustments related to prior year claims as the result of actuarial evaluations completed on our workers’ compensation, general liability, automobile liability, and property damage insurance plans.

### Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our primary sources of liquidity are operating cash flows and borrowing capacity under our Amended Credit Facility. We assess our liquidity in terms of our ability to generate cash to fund our short- and long-term cash requirements. As such, we project our anticipated cash requirements as well as cash flows generated from operating activities to meet those needs.

In addition to normal working capital requirements, we anticipate that our short- and long-term cash requirements will include funding legal settlements, insurance claims, dividend payments, capital expenditures, share repurchases, mandatory loan repayments, and systems and technology transformation initiatives under our **ELEVATE** strategy. We anticipate long-term cash uses may also include strategic acquisitions. On a long-term basis, we will continue to rely on our Amended Credit Facility for any long-term funding not provided by operating cash flows.

We believe that our operating cash flows and borrowing capacity under our Amended Credit Facility are sufficient to fund our cash requirements for the next 12 months. In the event that our plans change or our cash requirements are greater than we anticipate, we may need to access the capital markets to finance future cash requirements. However, there can be no assurance that such financing will be available to us should we need it or, if available, that the terms will be satisfactory to us and not dilutive to existing shareholders.

### Debt

On September 1, 2017, we refinanced and replaced our then-existing $800.0 million credit facility with a new senior, secured five-year syndicated credit facility, consisting of a $900.0 million revolver and an $800.0 million amortizing term loan, both of which were scheduled to mature on September 1, 2022. In accordance with terms of the Credit Facility, the revolver was reduced to $800.0 million on September 1, 2018.

On June 28, 2021, the Company amended and restated the Credit Facility, extending the maturity date to June 28, 2026, and increasing the capacity of the revolving credit facility from $800.0 million to $1.3 billion and the then-remaining term loan outstanding from $620.0 million to $650.0 million. The Amended Credit Facility provides for the issuance of up to $350.0 million for standby letters of credit and the issuance of up to $75.0 million in swingline advances. The obligations under the Amended Credit Facility are secured on a first-priority basis by a lien on substantially all of our assets and properties, subject to certain exceptions. Additionally, we may repay amounts borrowed under the Amended Credit Facility at any time without penalty.

At November 1, 2022, we amended our Amended Credit Facility pursuant to the LIBOR Transition Amendment and the Fifth Amendment to replace the benchmark rate at which U.S.-dollar-denominated borrowings bear interest from LIBOR to the forward-looking SOFR term rate administered by CME Group Benchmark Administration Limited. As a result of these amendments, we can borrow at Term SOFR plus a credit spread adjustment of 0.10% subject to a floor of zero.

The Amended Credit Facility contains certain covenants, including a maximum total net leverage ratio of 5.00 to 1.00, a maximum secured net leverage ratio of 4.00 to 1.00, and a minimum interest coverage ratio of 1.50 to 1.00, as well as other financial and non-financial covenants. In the event of a material acquisition, as defined in the Amended Credit Facility, we may elect to increase the maximum total net leverage ratio to 5.50 to 1.00 for a total of four fiscal quarters and increase the maximum secured net leverage ratio to 4.50 to 1.00 for a total of four fiscal quarters. Our borrowing capacity is subject to, and limited by, compliance with the covenants described above. At July 31, 2023, we were in compliance with these covenants.

On March 1, 2022, we entered into an uncommitted receivable repurchase facility (the “Receivables Facility”) of up to $150 million, which expired on March 30, 2023. This facility was considered a secured borrowing and provided the buyer with customary rights of termination upon the occurrence of certain events of default. We guaranteed all of the sellers’ obligations under the facility.

During the three and nine months ended July 31, 2023, we made principal payments of $8.1 million and $24.4 million, respectively, under the term loan. At July 31, 2023, the total outstanding borrowings under our Amended Credit Facility in the form of cash borrowings and standby letters of credit were $1.3 billion and $58.4 million, respectively, and our weighted average interest rate on all outstanding borrowings, excluding letters of credit, was 7.02%. At July 31, 2023, we had up to $485.0 million of borrowing capacity.

### Reinvestment of Foreign Earnings

We plan to reinvest our foreign earnings to fund future non-U.S. growth and expansion, and we do not anticipate remitting such earnings to the United States. While U.S. federal tax expense has been recognized as a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, no deferred tax liabilities with respect to federal and state income taxes or foreign withholding taxes have been recognized.

### IFM Insurance Company

IFM Assurance Company (“IFM”) is a wholly owned captive insurance company that we formed in 2015. IFM is part of our enterprise-wide, multiyear insurance strategy that is intended to better position our risk and safety programs and provide us with increased flexibility in the end-to-end management of our insurance programs. IFM began providing coverage to us as of January 1, 2015.

### Share Repurchases

We repurchased shares under our share repurchase program during the three and nine months ended July 31, 2023, as summarized below. Share repurchases may take place on the open market or otherwise, and all or part of the repurchases may be made pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 plans or in privately negotiated transactions. The timing of repurchases is at our discretion and will depend upon several factors, including market and business conditions, future cash flows, share price, share availability, and other factors. Repurchased shares are retired and returned to an authorized but unissued status. The share repurchase program may be suspended or discontinued at any time without prior notice. At July 31, 2023, authorization for $170.3 million of repurchases remained under our share repurchase program.

*(in millions, except per share amounts)*

|  | Three Months Ended July 31, 2023 | Nine Months Ended July 31, 2023 |
| --- | ---: | ---: |
| Total number of shares purchased | 0.6 | 0.6 |
| Average price paid per share | $42.10 | $42.10 |
| Total cash paid for share repurchases | $27.1 | $27.1 |

### Cash Flows

In addition to revenues and operating profit, our management views operating cash flows as a good indicator of financial performance, because strong operating cash flows provide opportunities for growth both organically and through acquisitions. Operating cash flows primarily depend on: revenue levels; the quality and timing of collections of accounts receivable; the timing of payments to suppliers and other vendors; the timing and amount of income tax payments; and the timing and amount of payments on insurance claims and legal settlements.

*(in millions)*

|  | Nine Months Ended July 31, 2023 | 2022 |
| --- | ---: | ---: |
| Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | $104.1 | $(96.7) |
| Net cash used in investing activities | (45.0) | (93.3) |
| Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities | (38.4) | 194.2 |

#### Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities was $104.1 million during the nine months ended July 31, 2023, as compared to net cash used by operating activities of $96.7 million during the prior year period. The change was primarily driven by the timing of working capital requirements, which included a $143.8 million payment for the *Bucio* case during the nine months ended July 31, 2022.

#### Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities decreased by $48.4 million during the nine months ended July 31, 2023, as compared to the prior year period. This decrease was primarily related to the Momentum Acquisition in prior year.

#### Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities was $38.4 million during the nine months ended July 31, 2023, as compared to net cash provided by financing activities of $194.2 million during the prior year period. The change was primarily related to a decrease in net borrowings from our Amended Credit Facility.

### Contingencies

For disclosures on contingencies, see Note 10, “Commitments and Contingencies,” of the Notes to unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.

### Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our Financial Statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which require us to make certain estimates in the application of our accounting policies based on the best assumptions, judgments, and opinions of our management. There have been no significant changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates. For a description of our critical accounting policies, see Item 7., “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended October 31, 2022.

### Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

| Accounting Standard Update(s) | Topic | Summary | Effective Date/ Method of Adoption |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2022-04 | Liabilities - Supplier Finance Programs (Subtopic 405-50): Disclosure of Supplier Finance Program Obligations | This Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”), issued in September 2022, is designed to enhance transparency around supplier finance programs by requiring new disclosures that would allow a user of the financial statements to understand the program’s nature, activity during the period, changes from period to period, and potential magnitude. While we are currently evaluating the impact of implementing this guidance on our financial statements, we do not expect adoption to have a material impact. | This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years, except for the amendment on rollforward information, which is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023. Early adoption is permitted. |

39

## Market risk

As filed, 144 characters.

There are no material changes related to market risk from the disclosures in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended October 31, 2022.

## Controls and procedures

As filed, 2,735 characters.

### a. Disclosure Controls and Procedures.

As of the end of the period covered by this report, our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer evaluated our disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act. Based upon that evaluation, our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer concluded that as of the end of the period covered by this report, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is (1) recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC and (2) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

### b. Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting.

To support the growth of our financial shared service capabilities and standardize our financial systems, we continue to update several key platforms, including our enterprise resource planning (“ERP”) system. The implementation of several key platforms involves changes in the systems that include internal controls. During the third quarter of 2023, we had a change in our internal control over financial reporting as a result of our implementation of a new ERP for the Education industry group that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. The new ERP system for the Education industry group replaced our legacy system in which a significant portion of our business transactions originate, are processed, and recorded. The rest of our industry groups will transition to our new ERP system over the next several years. Our new ERP system is intended to provide us with enhanced transactional processing and management tools compared with our legacy system and is intended to enhance internal controls over financial reporting. We believe our new ERP system will facilitate better transactional reporting and oversight, enhance our internal control over financial reporting, and function as an important component of our disclosure controls and procedures.

Other than the change of our ERP system for the Education industry group, there have been no other changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the third quarter of 2023 identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rules 13a-15(d) and 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

## Risk factors

As filed, 210 characters.

There have been no material changes to the risk factors identified in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended October 31, 2022, in response to Item 1A., “Risk Factors,” of Part I of the Annual Report.

Filed Sep 7, 2023.
Source: SEC EDGAR, the filing index for accession 0000771497-23-000020. Last ingested by Listed: Nov 4, 2026, 11:52 ET. No prices; not investment advice.