# Trinity Capital Inc.: Form 10-Q for the period ended Mar 31, 2024

- Company: [Trinity Capital Inc.](/companies/trin.md) (CIK 1786108)
- Form: 10-Q
- Filed: 2024-05-01
- Accepted by EDGAR: May 1, 2024, 12:01 ET
- Period: 2024-03-31
- Accession: 0000950170-24-050904
- Inline XBRL: yes
- Main document: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1786108/000095017024050904/trin-20240331.htm
- All documents and exhibits: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1786108/000095017024050904/

## Figures reported in this filing

Standardized XBRL line items for the period ended 2024-03-31.

| Line item | Period | Value | XBRL concept |
| --- | --- | ---: | --- |
| Net income | 3 months, 2024-01-01 to 2024-03-31 | $14.5m | us-gaap:ProfitLoss |
| Diluted EPS | 3 months, 2024-01-01 to 2024-03-31 | $0.30 | us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted |
| Basic EPS | 3 months, 2024-01-01 to 2024-03-31 | $0.31 | us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic |
| Diluted shares (weighted) | 3 months, 2024-01-01 to 2024-03-31 | 50,595,651 shares | us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding |
| Operating cash flow | 3 months, 2024-01-01 to 2024-03-31 | −$81.4m | us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities |
| Cash and equivalents | at 2024-03-31 | $12.0m | us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue |
| Total assets | at 2024-03-31 | $1.41bn | us-gaap:Assets |
| Total liabilities | at 2024-03-31 | $783.4m | us-gaap:Liabilities |
| Long-term debt | at 2024-03-31 | $737.5m | us-gaap:LongTermDebt |
| Shareholders' equity | at 2024-03-31 | $626.3m | us-gaap:StockholdersEquity |

## Management's discussion and analysis

As filed, 55,396 characters.

*Except where the context suggests otherwise, the terms “we,” “us,” “our,” and “the Company” refer to Trinity Capital Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. The information contained in this section should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q.*

### Forward-Looking Statements

This quarterly report contains forward-looking statements that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. Such statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, and undue reliance should not be placed thereon. Any statements about our expectations, beliefs, plans, predictions, forecasts, objectives, assumptions or future events or performance are not historical facts and may be forward-looking. These statements are often, but not always, made through the use of words or phrases such as “anticipate,” “believes,” “can,” “could,” “may,” “predicts,” “potential,” “should,” “will,” “estimate,” “plans,” “projects,” “continuing,” “ongoing,” “expects,” “intends” and similar words or phrases. Accordingly, these statements are only predictions and involve estimates, known and unknown risks, assumptions and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in them. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in such forward-looking statements as a result of several factors discussed under Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of Part II of this quarterly report and Item 1A. "Risk Factors" of Part I of our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") on March 6, 2024, including but not limited to the following:

- our limited operating history as a business development company (“BDC”);
- our future operating results;
- our dependence upon our management team and key investment professionals;
- our ability to manage our business and future growth;
- risks related to investments in growth-stage companies, other venture capital-backed companies and generally U.S. companies;
- the ability of our portfolio companies to achieve their objectives, including due to the impact of supply chain disruptions and the interest rate and inflation rate environments;
- the use of leverage;
- risks related to the uncertainty of the value of our portfolio investments;
- changes in political, economic or industry conditions, including as a result of supply chain disruptions, the interest rate and inflation rate environments or conditions affecting the financial and capital markets;
- uncertainty surrounding the financial and/or political stability of the United States, the United Kingdom, the European Union, China, and other countries and regions;
- the dependence of our future success on the general economy and its impact on the industries in which we invest;
- risks related to changes in interest rates and inflation rates, our expenses, and other general economic conditions and the effect on our net investment income;
- the impact of changes in laws or regulations (including the interpretation thereof), including tax laws, on our operations and/or the operations of our portfolio companies;
- risks related to market volatility, including general price and volume fluctuations in stock markets;
- our ability to make distributions; and
- our ability to maintain our status as a BDC under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), and qualify annually for tax treatment as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”).

Additionally, there may be other risks that are otherwise described from time to time in the reports that we file with the SEC. Any forward-looking statements in this report should be considered in light of various important factors, including the risks and uncertainties listed above, as well as others. All forward-looking statements are necessarily only estimates of future results, and there can be no assurance that actual results will not differ materially from expectations, and, therefore, you are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such statements. Any forward-looking statements are qualified in their entirety by reference to the risk factors discussed throughout this quarterly report. Further, any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made, and we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which the statement is made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. Because we are an investment company, the forward-looking statements and projections contained in this quarterly report are excluded from the safe harbor protections provided by Section 27A(b)(2)(B) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) (the “safe harbor” provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995).

### Overview

We are a specialty lending company providing debt, including loans and equipment financings, to growth-stage companies, including venture capital-backed companies and companies with institutional equity investors. We are an internally managed, closed-end, non-diversified management investment company that has elected to be regulated as a BDC under the 1940 Act. We have elected to be treated, and intend to qualify annually, as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a BDC and a RIC, we are required to comply with certain regulatory requirements.

Our investment objective is to generate current income and, to a lesser extent, capital appreciation through our investments. We seek to achieve our investment objective by making investments consisting primarily of term loans and equipment financings and, to a lesser extent, working capital loans, equity and equity-related investments. In addition, we may obtain warrants or contingent exit fees at funding from many of our portfolio companies, providing an additional potential source of investment returns. We generally are required to invest at least 70% of our total assets in qualifying assets in accordance with the 1940 Act but may invest up to 30% of our total assets in non-qualifying assets, as permitted by the 1940 Act.

We target investments in growth-stage companies, which are typically private companies, including venture-backed companies and companies with institutional equity investors. We define “growth-stage companies” as companies that have significant ownership and active participation by sponsors, such as institutional investors or private equity firms, and expected annual revenues of up to $100 million. Subject to the requirements of the 1940 Act, we are not limited to investing in any particular industry or geographic area and seek to invest in under-financed segments of the private credit markets.

Our loans generally may have initial interest-only periods of up to 24 months, and our equipment financings generally begin amortizing immediately. Our loans and equipment financings generally have a total term of up to 60 months. These investments are typically secured by a blanket first position lien, a specific asset lien on mission-critical assets and/or a blanket second position lien. We may also make a limited number of direct equity and equity-related investments in conjunction with our debt investments. We target growth-stage companies that have recently issued equity to raise cash to offset potential cash flow needs related to projected growth, have achieved positive cash flow to cover debt service, or have institutional investors committed to providing additional funding. A loan or equipment financing may be structured to tie the amortization of the loan or equipment financing to the portfolio company’s projected cash balances while cash is still available for operations. As such, the loan or equipment financing may have a reduced risk of default. We believe that the amortizing nature of our investments will mitigate risk and significantly reduce the risk of our investments over a relatively short period. We focus on protecting and recovering principal in each investment and structure our investments to provide downside protection.

### Our History

Trinity Capital Inc. was incorporated under the general corporation laws of the State of Maryland on August 12, 2019 and commenced operations on January 16, 2020. Prior to January 16, 2020, we had no operations, except for matters relating to our formation and organization as a BDC.

On January 16, 2020, through a series of transactions, we acquired Trinity Capital Investment, LLC, Trinity Capital Fund II, L.P., Trinity Capital Fund III, L.P., Trinity Capital Fund IV, L.P., and Trinity Sidecar Income Fund, L.P. (collectively, the "Legacy Funds") and all of their respective assets, including their respective investment portfolio, as well as Trinity Capital Holdings, LLC, a holding company whose subsidiaries managed and/or had the right to receive fees from certain of the Legacy Funds. In order to complete these transactions, we used a portion of the proceeds from our private equity offering and private debt offering that occurred on January 16, 2020.

On February 2, 2021, we completed our initial public offering of 8,006,291 shares of our common stock at a price of $14.00 per share, inclusive of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares, which was exercised in full. Our common stock began trading on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on January 29, 2021 under the symbol “TRIN.” Proceeds from this offering were primarily used to pay down a portion of our existing indebtedness outstanding.

On December 5, 2022, the Company entered into a joint venture agreement with certain funds and accounts managed by a specialty credit manager (collectively, the “JV Partner”) to co-manage Senior Credit Corp 2022 LLC (the “JV”). The JV invests in secured loans and equipment financings to growth-stage companies that have been originated by the Company. To achieve these goals, the Company has agreed to offer the JV the opportunity to purchase up to 40% in dollar amount, but not less than 25% in dollar amount, of the entire amount of each secured loan and equipment financing advance originated by the Company during the period commencing on September 1, 2022 and ending on June 5, 2026.

### Critical Accounting Estimates and Policies

The preparation of our financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. Changes in the economic environment, financial markets and any other parameters used in determining such estimates could cause actual results to differ materially. Our critical accounting estimates, including those relating to valuation of investments and income recognition, are described below. Please refer to “Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in the notes to the consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a discussion of our significant accounting policies.

#### Valuation of Investments

The most significant estimate inherent in the preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements is the valuation of investments and the related amounts of unrealized appreciation and depreciation of investments recorded. The Company’s investments are carried at fair value in accordance with the 1940 Act and Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 946, *Financial Services — Investment Companies (“*ASC 946”) and measured in accordance with ASC 820, *Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (“*ASC 820”). ASC 820 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, establishes a fair value hierarchy based on the observability of inputs used to measure fair value, and provides disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. ASC 820 requires the Company to assume that each of the portfolio investments is sold in a hypothetical transaction in the principal or, as applicable, most advantageous market using market participant assumptions as of the measurement date. Market participants are defined as buyers and sellers in the principal market that are independent, knowledgeable and willing and able to transact. The Company values its investments at fair value as determined in good faith by the Company’s Board of Directors (“Board”) in accordance with the provisions of ASC 820 and the 1940 Act.

The SEC adopted Rule 2a-5 under the 1940 Act ("Rule 2a-5"), which establishes a framework for determining fair value in good faith for purposes of the 1940 Act. As adopted, Rule 2a-5 permits boards of directors to designate certain parties to perform fair value determinations, subject to board oversight and certain other conditions. The SEC also adopted Rule 31a-4 under the 1940 Act (“Rule 31a-4”), which provides the recordkeeping requirements associated with fair value determinations. While the Company's Board has not elected to designate a valuation designee, the Company has adopted certain revisions to its valuation policies and procedures to comply with the applicable requirements of Rule 2a-5 and Rule 31a-4.

While the Board is ultimately and solely responsible for determining the fair value of the Company’s investments, the Company has engaged independent valuation firms to provide the Company with valuation assistance with respect to its investments. The Company engages independent valuation firms on a discretionary basis. Specifically, on a quarterly basis, the Company identifies portfolio investments with respect to which an independent valuation firm assists in valuing certain investments. The Company selects these portfolio investments based on a number of factors, including, but not limited to, the potential for material fluctuations in valuation results, size, credit quality and the time lapse since the last valuation of the portfolio investment by an independent valuation firm.

Investments recorded on our Consolidated Statements of Assets and Liabilities are categorized based on the inputs to the valuation techniques as follows:

Level 1 — Investments whose values are based on unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets in an active market that the Company has the ability to access (examples include investments in active exchange-traded equity securities and investments in most U.S. government and agency securities).

Level 2 — Investments whose values are based on quoted prices in markets that are not active or model inputs that are observable either directly or indirectly for substantially the full term of the investment.

Level 3 — Investments whose values are based on prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement (for example, investments in illiquid securities issued by privately held companies). These inputs reflect management’s own assumptions about the assumptions a market participant would use in pricing the investment.

Given the nature of lending to venture capital-backed growth-stage companies, substantially all of the Company’s investments in these portfolio companies are considered Level 3 assets under ASC 820 because there is no known or accessible market or market indexes for these investment securities to be traded or exchanged. The Company uses an internally developed portfolio investment rating system in connection with its investment oversight, portfolio management and analysis and investment valuation procedures. This system takes into account both quantitative and qualitative factors of the portfolio companies. Due to the inherent uncertainty of determining the fair value of investments that do not have a readily available market value, the fair value of the Company’s investments may fluctuate from period to period. Because of the inherent uncertainty of valuation, these estimated values may differ significantly from the values that would have been reported had a ready market for the investments existed, and it is reasonably possible that the difference could be material.

Fair value estimates are made at discrete points in time based on relevant information. These estimates may be subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and, therefore, cannot be determined with precision. The carrying amounts of the Company’s financial instruments, consisting of cash, investments, receivables, payables and other liabilities approximate the fair values of such items due to the short-term nature of these instruments.

#### Income Recognition

Interest and Dividend Income. The Company recognizes interest income on an accrual basis and recognizes it as earned in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan agreement to the extent that such amounts are expected to be collected. Original issue discount (“OID”) initially includes the estimated fair value of detachable warrants obtained in conjunction with the origination of debt securities, and is accreted into interest income over the term of the loan as a yield enhancement based on the effective yield method. Interest income from payment-in-kind ("PIK") represents contractually deferred interest added to the loan balance recorded on an accrual basis to the extent such amounts are expected to be collected.

In addition, the Company may also be entitled to an end-of-term (“EOT”) payment. EOT payments to be paid at the termination of the debt agreement are accreted into interest income over the contractual life of the debt based on the effective yield method. When a portfolio company pre-pays their indebtedness prior to the scheduled maturity date, the acceleration of the unaccreted OID and EOT is recognized as interest income.

Income related to application or origination payments, including facility commitment fees, net of related expenses and generally collected in advance, are accreted into interest income over the contractual life of the loan. The Company recognizes nonrecurring fees and additional OID and EOT received in consideration for contract modifications commencing in the quarter relating to the specific modification.

The Company records dividend income on an accrual basis to the extent amounts are expected to be collected. Dividend income is recorded when dividends are declared by the portfolio company or at such other time that an obligation exists for the portfolio company to make a distribution. The Company recorded $0.2 million in dividend income during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and no dividend income was recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Fee and Other Income. The Company recognizes one-time fee income, including, but not limited to, structuring fees, prepayment penalties, and exit fees related to a change in ownership of the portfolio company, as other income when earned. These fees are generally earned when the portfolio company enters into an equipment financing arrangement or pays off their outstanding indebtedness prior to the scheduled maturity. In addition, fee income may include fees for originations and administrative agent services rendered by the Company to the JV. Such fees are earned in the period that the services are rendered.

### Portfolio Composition and Investment Activity

#### Portfolio Composition

As of March 31, 2024, our investment portfolio had an aggregate fair value of approximately $1,363.9 million and was comprised of approximately $1,010.8 million in secured loans, $277.6 million in equipment financings, and $75.5 million in equity and warrants, across 128 portfolio companies. As of December 31, 2023, our investment portfolio had an aggregate fair value of approximately $1,275.2 million and was comprised of approximately $885.3 million in secured loans, $336.8 million in equipment financings, and $53.1 million in equity and warrants, across 120 portfolio companies.

A summary of the composition of our investment portfolio at cost and fair value as a percentage of total investments are shown in the following table as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

| Type | March 31, 2024 Cost | Fair Value | December 31, 2023 Cost | Fair Value |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| Secured Loans | 74.3% | 74.1% | 69.7% | 69.5% |
| Equipment Financing | 19.7% | 20.4% | 25.5% | 26.4% |
| Warrants | 2.3% | 2.9% | 2.3% | 2.6% |
| Equity | 3.7% | 2.6% | 2.5% | 1.5% |
| Total | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% |

97

The following table shows the composition of our investment portfolio by geographic region at cost and fair value as a percentage of total investments as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The geographic composition is determined by the location of the corporate headquarters of the portfolio company.

| Geographic Region United States | March 31, 2024 Cost | Fair Value | December 31, 2023 Cost | Fair Value |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| West | 31.9% | 32.1% | 35.5% | 36.5% |
| Northeast | 28.8% | 29.2% | 29.8% | 29.9% |
| South | 13.3% | 14.3% | 12.8% | 13.5% |
| Mountain | 9.6% | 9.4% | 9.0% | 8.7% |
| Southeast | 6.1% | 6.2% | 3.3% | 3.3% |
| Midwest | 5.9% | 5.6% | 4.9% | 4.5% |
| Senior Credit Corp 2022 LLC (1) | 0.9% | 1.0% | 0.8% | 0.9% |
| International: |  |  |  |  |
| Western Europe | 1.4% | 1.5% | 1.7% | 1.8% |
| Canada | 2.1% | 0.7% | 2.2% | 0.9% |
| Total | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% |

(1) Senior Credit Corp 2022 LLC is a joint venture between the Company and the JV Partner. This entity invests in secured loans and equipment financings to growth-stage companies that have been originated by the Company. The portfolio companies held by the JV represent a diverse set of geographical classifications, which are similar to those in which the Company invests directly. See “Note 1 – Organization and Basis of Presentation” in the notes to the consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further discussion.

Set forth below is a table showing the industry composition of our investment portfolio at cost and fair value as a percentage of total investments as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

| Industry | March 31, 2024 Cost | Fair Value | December 31, 2023 Cost | Fair Value |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| Finance and Insurance | 13.3% | 13.9% | 10.6% | 10.5% |
| Green Technology | 10.5% | 11.4% | 10.5% | 11.2% |
| Space Technology | 8.7% | 9.1% | 14.1% | 14.6% |
| Consumer Products & Services | 6.5% | 6.7% | 6.5% | 6.6% |
| Real Estate Technology | 6.6% | 6.5% | 7.2% | 7.2% |
| Healthcare Technology | 6.2% | 6.1% | 6.8% | 6.6% |
| Food and Agriculture Technologies | 5.9% | 5.8% | 6.9% | 7.0% |
| Medical Devices | 5.0% | 5.3% | 5.2% | 5.5% |
| Artificial Intelligence & Automation | 4.6% | 4.7% | 2.6% | 2.7% |
| Biotechnology | 4.0% | 4.2% | 4.3% | 4.4% |
| SaaS | 3.4% | 3.7% | 2.6% | 2.7% |
| Marketing, Media, and Entertainment | 3.4% | 3.4% | 3.7% | 3.7% |
| Diagnostics & Tools | 3.0% | 3.1% | — | — |
| Education Technology | 3.0% | 2.9% | 1.4% | 1.2% |
| Connectivity | 2.5% | 2.6% | 2.7% | 2.7% |
| Human Resource Technology | 2.2% | 2.3% | 2.4% | 2.4% |
| Transportation Technology | 3.1% | 2.1% | 3.4% | 3.1% |
| Supply Chain Technology | 2.2% | 1.9% | 2.3% | 1.9% |
| Digital Assets Technology and Services | 1.9% | 1.5% | 2.5% | 2.8% |
| Industrials | 1.3% | 1.4% | 1.7% | 1.8% |
| Multi-Sector Holdings (1) | 0.9% | 1.0% | 0.8% | 0.9% |
| Construction Technology | 1.8% | 0.4% | 1.8% | 0.5% |
| Total | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% |

(1) Multi-Sector Holdings consists of the Company's investment in Senior Credit Corp 2022 LLC, a joint venture between the Company and the JV Partner. This entity invests in secured loans and equipment financings to growth-stage companies that have been originated by the Company. The portfolio companies held by the JV represent a diverse set of industry classifications, which are similar to those in which the Company invests directly. See “Note 1 – Organization and Basis of Presentation” in the notes to the consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further discussion.

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the debt, including loans and equipment financings, in our portfolio had a weighted average time to maturity of approximately 3.1 and 3.2 years, respectively. Additional information regarding our portfolio is set forth in the Consolidated Schedule of Investments and the related notes thereto included with this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

#### Concentrations of Credit Risk

Credit risk is the risk of default or non-performance by portfolio companies, equivalent to the investment’s carrying amount. Industry and sector concentrations will vary from period to period based on portfolio activity.

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company’s ten largest portfolio companies represented approximately 27.1% and 31.6%, respectively, of the total fair value of the Company’s investments in portfolio companies. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had eight and four portfolio companies, respectively, that represented 5% or more of the Company’s net assets.

#### Investment Activity

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, we invested approximately $182.9 million in eight new portfolio companies, approximately $57.4 million in 12 existing portfolio companies, and approximately $2.4 million in the JV, excluding deferred fees. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, we received an aggregate of $148.5 million in proceeds from repayments and sales of our investments, including proceeds of approximately $43.4 million from early repayments on our debt investments and $55.4 million sales of debt investments.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, we invested approximately $414.3 million in 17 new portfolio companies, approximately $216.5 million in 25 existing portfolio companies, and approximately $11.0 million in the JV, excluding deferred fees. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we received an aggregate of $471.9 million in proceeds from repayments and sales of our investments, including proceeds of approximately $326.6 million from early repayments on our debt investments and sales of debt investments.

The following table provides a summary of the changes in the investment portfolio for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and the year ended December 31, 2023 (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 | Year Ended December 31, 2023 |
| --- | ---: | ---: |
| **Beginning Portfolio, at fair value** | $1,275,180 | $1,094,386 |
| Purchases, net of deferred fees | 240,700 | 632,754 |
| Non-cash conversion | — | 21 |
| Principal payments received on investments | (41,902) | (142,113) |
| Proceeds from early debt repayments | (43,411) | (169,745) |
| Sales of investments | (63,228) | (160,068) |
| Accretion of OID, EOT, and PIK payments | 7,172 | 32,953 |
| Net realized gain/(loss) | 1,351 | (28,071) |
| Change in unrealized appreciation/(depreciation) | (12,000) | 15,063 |
| **Ending Portfolio, at fair value** | $1,363,862 | $1,275,180 |

The level of our investment activity can vary substantially from period to period depending on many factors, including the amount of debt, including loans and equipment financings, and equity capital required by growth-stage companies, the general economic environment and market conditions and the competitive environment for the types of investments we make.

#### Portfolio Asset Quality

Our portfolio management team uses an ongoing investment risk rating system to characterize and monitor our outstanding loans and equipment financings. Our portfolio management team monitors and, when appropriate, recommends changes to the investment risk ratings. Our investment committee reviews the recommendations and/or changes to the investment risk ratings, which are submitted on a quarterly basis to the Board and its audit committee.

For our investment risk rating system, we review seven different criteria and, based on our review of such criteria, we assign a risk rating on a scale of 1 to 5, as set forth in the following illustration.

The following table shows the distribution of our secured loan and equipment financing investments on the 1 to 5 investment risk rating scale range at fair value as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (dollars in thousands):

| Investment Risk Rating Scale Range | Designation | March 31, 2024 Investments at Fair Value | Percentage of Total Portfolio | December 31, 2023 Investments at Fair Value | Percentage of Total Portfolio |
| --- | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| 4.0 - 5.0 | Very Strong Performance | $56,991 | 4.4% | $40,584 | 3.3% |
| 3.0 - 3.9 | Strong Performance | 275,107 | 21.4% | 277,867 | 22.9% |
| 2.0 - 2.9 | Performing | 875,950 | 68.0% | 805,730 | 65.9% |
| 1.6 - 1.9 | Watch | 65,410 | 5.1% | 56,740 | 4.6% |
| 1.0 - 1.5 | Default/Workout | 5,539 | 0.4% | 33,452 | 2.7% |
| Total Debt Investments excluding Senior Credit Corp 2022 LLC |  | 1,278,997 | 99.3% | 1,214,373 | 99.4% |
| . | Senior Credit Corp 2022 LLC (1) | 9,394 | 0.7% | 7,704 | 0.6% |
| Total Debt Investments |  | $1,288,391 | 100.0% | $1,222,077 | 100.0% |

(1) An investment risk rating is not applied to Senior Credit Corp 2022 LLC.

As of both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, our debt investments had a weighted average risk rating score of 2.7.

### Debt Investments on Non-Accrual Status

When a debt security becomes 90 days or more past due, or if our management otherwise does not expect that principal, interest, and other obligations due will be collected in full, we will generally place the debt security on non-accrual status and cease recognizing interest income on that debt security until all principal and interest due has been paid or we believe the borrower has demonstrated the ability to repay its current and future contractual obligations. Any uncollected interest is reversed from income in the period that collection of the interest receivable is determined to be doubtful. However, we may make exceptions to this policy if the investment has sufficient collateral value and is in the process of collection.

As of March 31, 2024, loans to four portfolio companies and equipment financings to one portfolio company were on non-accrual status with a total cost of approximately $67.5 million, and a total fair value of approximately $30.4 million, or 2.4%, of the fair value of the Company’s debt investment portfolio. As of December 31, 2023, loans to three portfolio companies and equipment financings to two portfolio companies were on non-accrual status with a total cost of approximately $60.8 million, and a total fair value of approximately $43.2 million, or 3.5%, of the fair value of the Company’s debt investment portfolio.

### Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our results of operations encompasses our consolidated results for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

#### Investment Income

The following table sets forth the components of investment income (in thousands). The components of investment income have been updated to a preferred presentation and the prior year has been amended to conform with the new preferred presentation.

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 | Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 |
| --- | ---: | ---: |
| Stated interest income | $37,840 | $33,804 |
| Amortization of OID and EOT | 6,310 | 5,049 |
| Acceleration of OID and EOT | 951 | 1,332 |
| PIK interest income | 4,091 | 346 |
| Dividend income | 200 | — |
| Other fee income | 1,061 | 1,007 |
| Total investment income | $50,453 | $41,538 |

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, total investment income was approximately $50.5 million, which represents an approximate effective yield of 15.8% on the average investments during the year. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, total investment income was approximately $41.5 million, which represents an approximate effective yield of 15.2% on the average investments during the year. The increase in investment income for the three months ended March 31, 2024 is due to higher interest income and amortization of OID and EOT based on an increased principal value of income producing debt investments and higher stated interest rates.

#### Operating Expenses and Excise Taxes

Our operating expenses are comprised of interest and fees on our borrowings, employee compensation, professional fees, general and administrative expenses, and excise taxes. Our operating expenses totaled approximately $25.3 million and $22.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The increase in our operating expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2024 is discussed with respect to each component of such expenses below.

#### Interest Expense and Other Debt Financing Costs

Our interest expense and other debt financing costs are primarily comprised of interest and fees related to our secured borrowings, the 7.00% Notes due 2025 (the “2025 Notes”), the 4.375% Notes due 2026 (the “August 2026 Notes”), the 4.25% Notes due 2026 (the “December 2026 Notes”), the 7.875% Notes due 2029 (the “March 2029 Notes”), and the 6.00% Convertible Notes due 2025 (the “Convertible Notes”). Interest expense and other debt financing costs on our borrowings totaled approximately $12.1 million and $11.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Our weighted average effective interest rate, comprised of interest and amortization of fees and discounts, was approximately 7.4% and 7.0% for three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The increase in interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was primarily due to increased borrowings and increased base rate under our credit facility with KeyBank, National Association (the “KeyBank Credit Facility”).

#### Employee Compensation and Benefits

Employee compensation and benefits totaled approximately $9.9 million and $7.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The increase in employee compensation expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2024 relates primarily to the increased variable compensation related to a higher headcount and stock-based compensation. As of March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had 73 and 55 employees, respectively.

#### Professional Fees Expenses

Professional fees expenses, consisting of legal fees, accounting fees, third-party valuation fees, and talent acquisition fees, totaled approximately $0.7 million and $1.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The decrease in professional fees expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2024 resulted primarily from a decrease in legal fees, third-party valuation fees and other consulting fees.

#### General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses include insurance premiums, rent, state taxes and various other expenses related to our ongoing operations. Our general and administrative expenses totaled approximately $2.0 million and $1.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The increase in general and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was primarily due to additional office rent and related expenses.

#### Excise Taxes

Our excise taxes totaled approximately $0.6 million and $0.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

#### Net Investment Income

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, we recognized approximately $50.5 million in total investment income as compared to approximately $25.3 million in total expenses, including excise tax expense, resulting in net investment income of $25.2 million. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 we recognized approximately $41.5 million in total investment income as compared to approximately $22.2 million in total expenses including excise tax expense, resulting in net investment income of $19.3 million.

#### Net Realized Gains and Losses

Realized gains or losses are measured by the difference between the net proceeds from the sale or redemption of an investment or a financial instrument and the cost basis of the investment or financial instrument, without regard to unrealized appreciation or depreciation previously recognized, and includes investments written off during the period.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, our gross realized gains primarily consisted of the repayment of one equipment financing, and our gross realized losses primarily consisted of the partial sale of one equity position in a portfolio company. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, our gross realized gains primarily consisted of the repayment of one equipment financing, and our gross realized losses primarily consisted of the repayment of our debt positions in two portfolio companies.

The net realized gains (losses) from the sales, repayments, or exits of investments for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 were comprised of the following (in thousands):

| Net realized gain/(loss) on investments: | Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 | Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 |
| --- | ---: | ---: |
| Gross realized gains | $4,277 | $539 |
| Gross realized losses | (2,926) | (904) |
| Total net realized gains/(losses) on investments | $1,351 | $(365) |

#### Net Change in Unrealized Appreciation / (Depreciation) from Investments

Net change in unrealized appreciation/(depreciation) from investments primarily reflects the net change in the fair value of the investment portfolio and financial instruments and the reclassification of any prior period unrealized appreciation or depreciation on exited investments and financial instruments to realized gains or losses.

Net unrealized appreciation and depreciation on investments for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 is comprised of the following (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 | Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 |
| --- | ---: | ---: |
| Gross unrealized appreciation | $19,057 | $17,803 |
| Gross unrealized depreciation | (28,980) | (14,600) |
| Net unrealized appreciation/(depreciation) reclassified related to net realized gains or losses | (2,077) | 317 |
| Total net unrealized gains/(losses) on investments | $(12,000) | $3,520 |

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, our net unrealized depreciation totaled approximately $12.0 million, which included net unrealized appreciation of $3.8 million from our warrant investments, net unrealized depreciation of $3.4 million from our equity investments and net unrealized depreciation of $12.4 million from our debt investments.

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, our net unrealized appreciation totaled approximately $3.5 million, which included net unrealized depreciation of $4.8 million from our warrant investments, net unrealized appreciation of $0.1 million from our equity investments and net unrealized appreciation of $8.2 million from our debt investments.

#### Net Increase (Decrease) in Net Assets Resulting from Operations

Net increase in net assets resulting from operations during the three months ended March 31, 2024, totaled approximately $14.5 million. Net increase in net assets resulting from operations during the three months ended March 31, 2023, totaled approximately $22.5 million.

#### Net Increase (Decrease) in Net Assets Resulting from Operations and Earnings Per Share

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, basic and diluted net increase in net assets per common share were $0.31 and 0.30, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, basic and diluted net decrease in net assets per common share was $0.64 and $0.60, respectively.

### Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our liquidity and capital resources are generated primarily from the net proceeds of offerings of our securities, including our “at-the-market” offering, the 2025 Notes offering, the Convertible Notes offering, the August 2026

Notes offering, the December 2026 Notes offering and the March 2029 Notes offering, borrowings under the KeyBank Credit Facility, and cash flows from our operations, including investment sales and repayments, as well as income earned on investments and cash equivalents. Our primary use of our funds includes investments in portfolio companies, payments of interest on our outstanding debt, and payments of fees and other operating expenses we incur. We also expect to use our funds to pay distributions to our stockholders. We have used, and expect to continue to use, our borrowings, including under the KeyBank Credit Facility or any future credit facility, as well as proceeds from the turnover of our portfolio, to finance our investment objectives and activities.

From time to time, we may enter into additional credit facilities, increase the size of our existing KeyBank Credit Facility, or issue additional securities in private or public offerings. Any such incurrence or issuance would be subject to prevailing market conditions, our liquidity requirements, contractual and regulatory restrictions, and other factors.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, we experienced a net increase in cash and cash equivalents in the amount of $7.2 million, which is the net result of $88.6 million of cash provided by financing activities, offset by $81.4 million of cash used in operating activities and less than $0.1 million of cash used in investing activities. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we experienced a net decrease in cash and cash equivalents in the amount of $2.3 million, which is the net result of $22.7 million of cash used in financing activities and $0.3 million of cash used in investing activities, offset by $20.7 million of cash provided by operating activities.

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had cash and cash equivalents of $12.0 million and $4.8 million, respectively, of which $4.9 million and $3.1 million, respectively, was held in the Goldman Sachs Financial Square Government Institutional Fund. Cash held in demand deposit accounts may exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insured limit and therefore is subject to credit risk. All of the Company’s cash deposits are held at large established high credit quality financial institutions, and management believes that the risk of loss associated with any uninsured balances is remote.

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had approximately $160.0 million and $137.0 million, respectively, of available borrowings under the KeyBank Credit Facility, subject to its terms and regulatory requirements. Cash and cash equivalents, taken together with available borrowings under the KeyBank Credit Facility, as of March 31, 2024, are expected to be sufficient for our investing activities and to conduct our operations in the near term and long term.

Refer to “Note 5 – Borrowings” in the notes to our consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a discussion of our borrowings.

### Asset Coverage Requirements

In accordance with the 1940 Act, with certain limited exceptions, we are only allowed to incur borrowings, issue debt securities or issue preferred stock, if immediately after the borrowing or issuance, the ratio of total assets (less total liabilities other than indebtedness) to total indebtedness plus preferred stock, is at least 150%. On September 27, 2019, the Board, including a “required majority” (as such term is defined in Section 57(o) of the 1940 Act) and our initial stockholder approved the application to us of the 150% minimum asset coverage ratio set forth in Section 61(a)(2) of the 1940 Act. As a result, we are permitted to potentially borrow $2 for investment purposes of every $1 of investor equity. As of March 31, 2024, our asset coverage ratio was approximately 184.9% and our asset coverage ratio per unit was approximately $1,849. As of December 31, 2023, our asset coverage ratio was approximately 194.7% and our asset coverage ratio per unit was approximately $1,947.

### Commitments and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Company has entered into a capital commitment with the JV to fund capital contributions through June 2026 in the amount of $21.4 million, of which $8.0 million and $10.4 million was unfunded as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The Company did not have any other off-balance sheet financings or liabilities as of March 31, 2024 or December 31, 2023, respectively.

The Company’s commitments and contingencies consist primarily of unfunded commitments to extend credit in the form of loans to the Company’s portfolio companies. A portion of these unfunded contractual commitments as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are dependent upon the portfolio company reaching certain milestones before the debt commitment becomes available. Furthermore, the Company’s credit agreements with its portfolio companies generally contain customary lending provisions that allow the Company relief from funding obligations for previously made commitments in instances where the underlying portfolio company experiences materially adverse events that affect the financial condition or business outlook for the company. Since a portion of these commitments may expire without being drawn, unfunded contractual commitments do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. As such, the Company’s disclosure of unfunded contractual commitments includes only those which are available at the request of the portfolio company and unencumbered by milestones. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company did not have any outstanding unfunded commitments. The Company will fund future unfunded commitments from the same sources it uses to fund its investment commitments that are funded at the time they are made (which are typically through existing cash and cash equivalents and borrowings under the KeyBank Credit Facility).

In the normal course of business, the Company enters into contracts that provide a variety of representations and warranties, and general indemnifications. Such contracts include those with certain service providers, brokers and trading counterparties. Any exposure to the Company under these arrangements is unknown as it would involve future claims that may be made against the Company; however, based on the Company’s experience, the risk of loss is remote and no such claims are expected to occur. As such, the Company has not accrued any liability in connection with such indemnifications.

### Contractual Obligations

A summary of our contractual payment obligations as of March 31, 2024, is as follows:

|  | Payments Due by Period Less than 1 year | 1 - 3 years | 4 - 5 years | After 5 years | Total |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| KeyBank Credit Facility | $— | $190,000 | $— | $— | $190,000 |
| 2025 Notes | 182,500 | — | — | — | 182,500 |
| Convertible Notes | — | 50,000 | — | — | 50,000 |
| August 2026 Notes | — | 125,000 | — | — | 125,000 |
| December 2026 Notes | — | 75,000 | — | — | 75,000 |
| March 2029 Notes | — | — | 115,000 | — | 115,000 |
| Operating Leases | 743 | 3,001 | 1,966 | 1,429 | 7,139 |
| Total Contractual Obligations | $183,243 | $443,001 | $116,966 | $1,429 | $744,639 |

### Distributions

We intend to pay quarterly distributions to our stockholders out of assets legally available for distribution. All distributions will be paid at the discretion of the Board and will depend on our earnings, financial condition, maintenance of our tax treatment as a RIC, compliance with applicable BDC regulations and such other factors as the Board may deem relevant from time to time.

The following table summarizes distributions declared and/or paid by the Company since inception:

| Declaration Date | Type | Record Date | Payment Date | Per Share Amount |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | ---: |
| May 7, 2020 | Quarterly | May 29, 2020 | June 5, 2020 | $0.22 |
| August 10, 2020 | Quarterly | August 21, 2020 | September 4, 2020 | 0.27 |
| November 9, 2020 | Quarterly | November 20, 2020 | December 4, 2020 | 0.27 |
| December 22, 2020 | Quarterly | December 30, 2020 | January 15, 2021 | 0.27 |
| March 23, 2021 | Quarterly | March 31, 2021 | April 16, 2021 | 0.28 |
| June 15, 2021 | Quarterly | June 30, 2021 | July 15, 2021 | 0.29 |
| September 13, 2021 | Quarterly | September 30, 2021 | October 15, 2021 | 0.33 |
| December 16, 2021 | Quarterly | December 31, 2021 | January 14, 2022 | 0.36 |
| March 15, 2022 | Quarterly | March 31, 2022 | April 15, 2022 | 0.40 |
| March 15, 2022 | Supplemental | March 31, 2022 | April 15, 2022 | 0.15 |
| June 15, 2022 | Quarterly | June 30, 2022 | July 15, 2022 | 0.42 |
| June 15, 2022 | Supplemental | June 30, 2022 | July 15, 2022 | 0.15 |
| September 15, 2022 | Quarterly | September 30, 2022 | October 14, 2022 | 0.45 |
| September 15, 2022 | Supplemental | September 30, 2022 | October 14, 2022 | 0.15 |
| December 15, 2022 | Quarterly | December 30, 2022 | January 13, 2023 | 0.46 |
| December 15, 2022 | Supplemental | December 30, 2022 | January 13, 2023 | 0.15 |
| March 14, 2023 | Quarterly | March 31, 2023 | April 14, 2023 | 0.47 |
| June 14, 2023 | Quarterly | June 30, 2023 | July 14, 2023 | 0.48 |
| June 14, 2023 | Supplemental | June 30, 2023 | July 14, 2023 | 0.05 |
| September 13, 2023 | Quarterly | September 30, 2023 | October 13, 2023 | 0.49 |
| September 13, 2023 | Supplemental | September 30, 2023 | October 13, 2023 | 0.05 |
| December 14, 2023 | Quarterly | December 29, 2023 | January 12, 2024 | 0.50 |
| March 14, 2024 | Quarterly | March 28, 2024 | April 15, 2024 | 0.51 |
|  |  |  | **Total** | $7.17 |

### Price Range of Common Stock

Our common stock began trading on the Nasdaq Global Select Market (“Nasdaq”) on January 29, 2021 under the symbol “TRIN” in connection with our IPO, which closed on February 2, 2021. Prior to our IPO, the shares of our common stock were offered and sold in transactions exempt from registration under the Securities Act. As such, there was no public market for shares of our common stock during year ended December 31, 2020. Since our IPO, our common stock has traded at prices both above and below our net asset value per share.

The following table sets forth the net asset value per share of our common stock, the range of high and low closing sales prices of our common stock reported on Nasdaq, the closing sales price as a premium (discount) to net asset value and the dividends declared by us in each fiscal quarter since we began trading on Nasdaq. On April 30, 2024, the last reported closing sales price of our common stock on Nasdaq was $15.17 per share, which represented a premium of approximately 17.8% to our net asset value per share of $12.88 as of March 31, 2024. As of April 30,

2024, we had approximately 56 stockholders of record, which does not include stockholders for whom shares are held in nominee or “street” name.

| Class and Period Year Ending December 31, 2024 | Net Asset Value(1) | Price Range High | Low | High Sales Price Premium (Discount) to Net Asset Value(2) | Low Sales Price Premium (Discount) to Net Asset Value(2) | Cash Dividend Per Share(3) |  |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| Second Quarter (through April 30, 2024) | **\*** | $15.26 | $14.03 | **\*** | **\*** | **\*** |  |
| First Quarter | $12.88 | $15.08 | $13.68 | 17.1% | 6.2% | $0.51 |  |
| **Year Ending December 31, 2023** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Fourth Quarter | $13.19 | $15.40 | $13.33 | 16.7% | 1.0% | $0.50 |  |
| Third Quarter | $13.17 | $15.29 | $13.75 | 16.1% | 4.4% | $0.54 | (4) |
| Second Quarter | $13.15 | $13.91 | $11.36 | 5.8% | (13.6)% | $0.53 | (4) |
| First Quarter | $13.07 | $14.26 | $10.91 | 9.1% | (16.5)% | $0.47 |  |
| **Year Ending December 31, 2022** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Fourth Quarter | $13.15 | $13.82 | $10.24 | 5.1% | (22.1)% | $0.61 | (4) |
| Third Quarter | $13.74 | $16.28 | $12.07 | 18.5% | (12.2)% | $0.60 | (4) |
| Second Quarter | $14.62 | $19.44 | $14.27 | 33.0% | (2.4)% | $0.57 | (4) |
| First Quarter | $15.15 | $20.11 | $17.00 | 32.7% | 12.2% | $0.55 | (4) |

(1) Net asset value per share is determined as of the last day in the relevant quarter and therefore may not reflect the net asset value per share on the date of the high and low closing sales prices. The net asset values shown are based on outstanding shares at the end of the relevant quarter.

(2) Calculated as the respective high or low closing sales price less net asset value, divided by net asset value (in each case, as of the applicable quarter).

(3) Represents the dividend or distribution declared in the relevant quarter.

(4) Consists of a quarterly dividend and a supplemental dividend.

\* Not determined at time of filing.

Shares of BDCs may trade at a market price that is less than the value of the net assets attributable to those shares. At times, our shares of common stock have traded at prices both above and below our net asset value per share. The possibility that our shares of common stock will trade at a discount from net asset value per share or at premiums that are unsustainable over the long term are separate and distinct from the risk that our net asset value per share will decrease. It is not possible to predict whether our common stock will trade at, above, or below net asset value per share.

### Related Party Transactions

Certain members of management as well as employees of the Company hold shares of the Company’s stock.

We have entered into indemnification agreements with our directors and executive officers. The indemnification agreements are intended to provide our directors and executive officers with the maximum indemnification permitted under Maryland law and the 1940 Act. Each indemnification agreement provides that we shall indemnify the director or executive officer who is a party to the agreement, or an “Indemnitee,” including the advancement of legal expenses, if, by reason of his or her corporate status, the Indemnitee is, or is threatened to be, made a party to or a witness in any threatened, pending, or completed proceeding, to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law and the 1940 Act.

Refer to “Note 12 – Related Party Transactions” included in the notes to our consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information.

### Recent Developments

On April 16, 2024, we caused notice to be issued to the holders of our 2025 Notes regarding our exercise of our option to redeem a portion of the issued and outstanding 2025 Notes. We will redeem $30.0 million in aggregate principal amount of the $182.5 million in aggregate principal amount of outstanding 2025 Notes on May 17, 2024 (the “Redemption Date”). The 2025 Notes will be redeemed at 100% of their principal amount ($25 per Note), plus the accrued and unpaid interest thereon from March 15, 2024, to, but excluding, the Redemption Date.

## Market risk

As filed, 5,412 characters.

We are subject to financial market risks, including valuation risk and interest rate risk. Uncertainty with respect to the economic effects of the overall market conditions has introduced significant volatility in the financial markets, and the effect of the volatility could materially impact our market risks, including those listed below.

### Valuation Risk

Our investments may not have readily available market quotations (as such term is defined in Rule 2a-5), and those investments which do not have readily available market quotations are valued at fair value as determined in good faith by our Board of Directors in accordance with our valuation policy. There is no single standard for determining fair value in good faith. As a result, determining fair value requires that judgment be applied to the specific facts and circumstances of each portfolio investment while employing a consistently applied valuation process for the types of investments we make. Due to the inherent uncertainty of determining the fair value of investments that do not have a readily available market value, the fair value of our investments may fluctuate from period to period. Because of the inherent uncertainty of valuation, these estimated values may differ significantly from the values that would have been used had a ready market for the investments existed, and it is possible that the difference could be material.

In accordance with Rule 2a-5, our Board periodically assesses and manages material risks associated with the determination of the fair value of our investments.

### Interest Rate Risk

Interest rate sensitivity and risk refer to the change in earnings that may result from changes in the level of interest rates. To the extent that we borrow money to make investments, including under the KeyBank Credit Facility or any future financing arrangement, our net investment income will be affected by the difference between the rate at which we borrow funds and the rate at which we invest these funds. In periods of rising interest rates, our cost of borrowing funds would increase, which may reduce our net investment income. As a result, there can be no assurance that a significant change in market interest rates, including as a result of inflation, will not have a material adverse effect on our net investment income. Inflation is likely to continue in the near to medium-term, particularly in the United States and Europe, with the possibility that monetary policy may tighten in response. Persistent inflationary pressures could affect our portfolio companies’ profit margins.

As of March 31, 2024, approximately 75.4% of our debt investments based on outstanding principal balance represented floating-rate investments based on Prime or SOFR, and approximately 24.6% of our debt investments based on outstanding principal balance represented fixed rate investments. In addition, borrowings under the KeyBank Credit Facility are subject to floating interest rates based on SOFR, generally bearing interest at a rate of the Adjusted Term SOFR Reference Rate plus 2.85%, subject to the number of eligible debt investments in the collateral pool.

Based on our Consolidated Statements of Operations as of March 31, 2024, the following table shows the annualized impact on net income of hypothetical base rate changes in the Prime rate on our debt investments (considering interest rate floors for floating-rate instruments) and the hypothetical base rate changes in the SOFR on our KeyBank Credit Facility, assuming that there are no changes in our investment and borrowing structure (in thousands):

|  | Interest Income | Interest Expense | Net Income/(Loss) |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| Up 300 basis points | $27,369 | $5,700 | $21,669 |
| Up 200 basis points | $18,307 | $3,800 | $14,507 |
| Up 100 basis points | $9,455 | $1,900 | $7,555 |
| Down 100 basis points | $(7,392) | $(1,900) | $(5,492) |
| Down 200 basis points | $(12,571) | $(3,800) | $(8,771) |
| Down 300 basis points | $(17,240) | $(5,700) | $(11,540) |

### Currency Risk

Any investments we make that are denominated in a foreign currency will be subject to risks associated with changes in currency exchange rates. These risks include the possibility of significant fluctuations in the foreign currency markets, the imposition or modification of foreign exchange controls and potential illiquidity in the secondary market. These risks will vary depending upon the currency or currencies involved. As of March 31, 2024, we had four foreign domiciled portfolio companies. Our exposure to currency risk related to these debt investments is minimal as payments from such portfolio companies are received in U.S. dollars. No other investments as of March 31, 2024 were subject to currency risk.

### Hedging

We do not currently engage in any hedging activities. However, we may, in the future, hedge against interest rate and currency exchange rate fluctuations by using standard hedging instruments such as futures, options and forward contracts subject to the requirements of the 1940 Act. While hedging activities may insulate us against adverse changes in interest rates, they may also limit our ability to participate in benefits of lower interest rates with respect to our portfolio of investments with fixed interest rates. We may also borrow funds in local currency as a way to hedge our non-U.S. denominated investments.

## Controls and procedures

As filed, 1,007 characters.

### Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

In accordance with Rules 13a-15(b) and 15d-15(b) under the Exchange Act, we, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and determined that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

### Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

## Risk factors

As filed, 942 characters.

Investing in our securities involves a number of significant risks. In addition to the other information set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, you should carefully consider the risk factors discussed in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 6, 2024, all of which could materially affect our business, financial condition and/or results of operations. Although the risks described in our other SEC filings referenced above represent the principal risks associated with an investment in us, they are not the only risks we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us, or that we currently deem to be immaterial, might materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or results of operations.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, there have been no material changes to the risk factors discussed in our SEC filings referenced above.

Filed May 1, 2024.
Source: SEC EDGAR, the filing index for accession 0000950170-24-050904. Last ingested by Listed: Oct 24, 2026, 15:15 ET. No prices; not investment advice.