# Velo3D, Inc.: Form 10-Q for the period ended Mar 31, 2025

- Company: [Velo3D, Inc.](/companies/velo.md) (CIK 1825079)
- Form: 10-Q
- Filed: 2025-05-15
- Accepted by EDGAR: May 15, 2025, 20:06 ET
- Period: 2025-03-31
- Accession: 0000950170-25-072604
- Inline XBRL: yes
- Main document: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1825079/000095017025072604/vldx-20250331.htm
- All documents and exhibits: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1825079/000095017025072604/

## Figures reported in this filing

Standardized XBRL line items for the period ended 2025-03-31.

| Line item | Period | Value | XBRL concept |
| --- | --- | ---: | --- |
| Cost of revenue | 3 months, 2025-01-01 to 2025-03-31 | $8.6m | us-gaap:CostOfRevenue |
| Gross profit | 3 months, 2025-01-01 to 2025-03-31 | $697.0k | us-gaap:GrossProfit |
| Research and development | 3 months, 2025-01-01 to 2025-03-31 | $1.2m | us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense |
| Operating income | 3 months, 2025-01-01 to 2025-03-31 | −$11.9m | us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss |
| Interest expense | 3 months, 2025-01-01 to 2025-03-31 | $1.1m | us-gaap:InterestExpense |
| Income tax | 3 months, 2025-01-01 to 2025-03-31 | $8.0k | us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit |
| Net income | 3 months, 2025-01-01 to 2025-03-31 | −$25.4m | us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss |
| Diluted EPS | 3 months, 2025-01-01 to 2025-03-31 | −$0.13 | us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted |
| Basic EPS | 3 months, 2025-01-01 to 2025-03-31 | −$0.13 | us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic |
| Diluted shares (weighted) | 3 months, 2025-01-01 to 2025-03-31 | 200,971,566 shares | us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding |
| Operating cash flow | 3 months, 2025-01-01 to 2025-03-31 | −$12.3m | us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities |
| Capital expenditure | 3 months, 2025-01-01 to 2025-03-31 | $0 | us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment |
| Cash and equivalents | at 2025-03-31 | $3.9m | us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue |
| Current assets | at 2025-03-31 | $61.8m | us-gaap:AssetsCurrent |
| Total assets | at 2025-03-31 | $91.4m | us-gaap:Assets |
| Current liabilities | at 2025-03-31 | $43.9m | us-gaap:LiabilitiesCurrent |
| Total liabilities | at 2025-03-31 | $58.5m | us-gaap:Liabilities |
| Long-term debt | at 2025-03-31 | $21.7m | us-gaap:LongTermDebt |
| Shareholders' equity | at 2025-03-31 | $32.9m | us-gaap:StockholdersEquity |

## Management's discussion and analysis

As filed, 51,718 characters.

*The following discussion and analysis provides information which our management believes is relevant to an assessment and understanding of our results of operations and financial condition. This discussion should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 and our unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report. This discussion contains forward-looking statements based upon our current expectations, estimates and projections, and involves numerous risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements due to, among other considerations, the matters discussed in the sections titled “Risk Factors” and “Forward-looking Statements” herein. During the year ended December 31, 2024, we identified immaterial errors in our previously issued financial statements. We have corrected the amounts as presented in this Item 2 accordingly. Refer to Notes 1 and 16 to the unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements included in Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information.*

### Overview

We seek to fulfill the promise of additive manufacturing, also referred to as 3D printing ("*AM*"), to deliver breakthroughs in performance, cost, and lead time in the production of high-value metal parts.

We produce a fully integrated hardware and software solution based on our proprietary laser powder bed fusion ("*L-PBF*") technology, which greatly reduces and often eliminates the need for support structures. Our technology enables the production of highly complex, mission-critical parts that existing AM solutions cannot produce without the need for redesign or additional assembly.

Our Sapphire Family of Printers give our customers who are in space, aviation, defense, automotive, energy and industrial markets the freedom to design and produce metal parts with complex internal features and geometries that had previously been considered impossible for AM. We believe our technology is years ahead of competitors.

Our technology is novel compared to other AM technologies because of its ability to deliver high-value metal parts that have complex internal channels, structures, and geometries. This affords a wide breadth of design freedom for creating new metal parts and it enables replication of existing parts without the need to redesign the part to be manufacturable with AM. Because of these features, we believe our technology and product capabilities are highly valued by our customers. Our customers are primarily original equipment manufacturers ("*OEMs*") and contract manufacturers ("*CMs*") who look to AM to solve issues with traditional metal parts manufacturing technologies. Those traditional manufacturing technologies rely on processes, including casting, stamping and forging, that typically require high volumes to drive competitive costs and have long lead times for production. Our customers look to AM solutions to produce assemblies that are lighter, stronger, and more reliable than those manufactured with traditional technologies. Our customers also expect AM solutions to drive lower costs for low-volume parts and substantially shorter lead times. However, many of our customers have found that other legacy AM technologies failed to produce the required designs for the high-value metal parts and assemblies that our customers wanted to produce with AM. As a result, other AM solutions often require that parts be redesigned so that they can be produced and frequently incur performance losses for high-value applications.

In contrast, our technology can deliver complex high value metal parts with the design advantages, lower costs and faster lead times associated with AM, and generally avoids the need to redesign the parts. As a result, our customers have increasingly adopted our technology into their design and production processes. We believe our value is reflected in our sales patterns, as most of our customers initially purchased a single machine to validate our technology and have purchased additional systems over time as they have embedded our technology in their product roadmap and manufacturing infrastructure. We consider this approach a “land and expand” strategy, oriented around a demonstration of our value proposition followed by increasing penetration with key customers.

### Recent Developments

### Recent Debt and Equity Transactions and Change in Majority Ownership

On December 24, 2024, the Company and Arrayed Note Acquisition Corp., a subsidiary of Arrayed Additive, Inc. (“Arrayed”), entered into a debt for equity exchange transaction where the Company issued 185,151,333 shares of the Company’s common stock, in exchange for the cancellation of $22.4 million in principal amount of the Company’s Secured Notes (the "Notes") plus $0.4 million of accrued interest on the Notes. As of March 31, 2025, Arrayed held $5.0 million in principal amount of the Notes, and as a result of the exchange transaction, became the owner of approximately 95% of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock.

On February 24, 2025, the Company entered into Warrant Exchange Agreements with each of: (i) Highbridge Tactical Credit Master Fund, L.P. (“HM”); (ii) Highbridge Tactical Credit Institutional Fund, Ltd. (collectively with HM, the “Highbridge Holders”); (iii) Anson Investments Master Fund LP (“AMF”); (iv) Anson East Master Fund LP (collectively with AMF, the “Anson Holders”);

(v) High Trail Investments ON LLC (“HTI”), and (vi) HB SPV I Master LLC (together with HTI, the “High Trail Holders”), pursuant to which: (a) the Highbridge Holders and the Anson Holders agreed to exchange an aggregate of 902,247 registered warrants issued in April 2024 and an aggregate of 1,485,714 registered warrants issued in August 2024, and (b) the High Trail Holders agreed to exchange an aggregate of 2,277,117 unregistered warrants issued in April 2024 and July 2024, and an aggregate of 285,715 registered warrants issued in December 2023, for an aggregate of 14,852,379 shares (the “Acquired Shares”) of Company’s common stock, respectively, equating in each case to an exchange ratio of three Acquired Shares for each warrant.

On January 7, 2025, the Company issued a Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Note in the principal amount of $5,000,000 (the "January Note") to Thieneman Properties, LLC, an Indiana limited liability company. The January Note bears interest at a rate of 60.0% per annum, is payable in full on April 7, 2025 in the amount of $5,750,000 and if not paid on or prior to such date, will continue to accrue interest at the same rate until paid. The January Note may be prepaid in whole or in part at any time without penalty or premium and is convertible in the event of default into shares of the Company’s common stock, at a fixed conversion price of $1.56 per share.On April 7, 2025, the Company paid an interest payment of $750,000, covering the first three months of interest on the January Note.

On February 10, 2025, the Company issued a Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Note in the principal amount of $10,000,000 (the "February Note") to Thieneman Construction, Inc, an Indiana corporation, to be funded in two tranches of $5,000,000. The February Note bears interest at a rate of 30.0% per annum, is payable in full on the date that is six months from the date such tranche was funded, in the amount of $5,750,000 and if not paid on or prior to such date, will continue to accrue interest at the same rate until paid. The outstanding principal amount of the February Note is convertible into shares of the Company's common stock upon the occurrence of the Company’s successful listing of shares of its common stock on a national securities exchange or the occurrence and during the continuation of an event of default, into common stock at a fixed conversion price of $1.00 per share.

See Note 16 *Subsequent Events* in the notes to our unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report for additional information.

Notwithstanding the recent debt and equity transactions, as described in “—*Liquidity and Capital Resources”* and in Note 1 *Description of Business and Basis of Presentation—Going Concern, Financial Condition and Liquidity and Capital Resources* in the notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report, there continues to be a substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. We do not have sufficient liquidity to meet our operating needs and satisfy our debt obligations for at least the next 12 months. The Company will need to engage in additional financings to fund our operations, continue to fund payroll for employees, and satisfy our obligations in the near term. Without such additional funding, we will not be able to continue operations and may be required to sell assets, liquidate and/or file for bankruptcy.

### Key Financial and Operational Metrics

We believe that our performance and future success depend on many factors that present significant opportunities for us but also pose risks and challenges, including those discussed herein and in the section of the 2024 Form 10-K titled “*Risk Factors.”*

We regularly evaluate several metrics, including the metrics presented in the table below, to measure our performance, identify trends affecting our business, prepare financial projections, make strategic decisions, and establish performance goals for compensation and we periodically review and revise these metrics to reflect changes in our business.

|  | As of and for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 | 2024 |
| --- | ---: | ---: |
| Revenue ($ in millions) | $9 | $10 |
| Bookings ($ in millions) | $8 | $17 |
| Backlog ($ in millions) | $18 | $22 |

*Bookings ($ in millions):* Bookings ($ in millions) are defined as a confirmed order for a 3D printer system and printed parts in contracted dollars.

*Backlog ($ in millions):* Backlog ($ in millions) is defined as the unfulfilled 3D printer systems and printed parts to be delivered to customers in contracted dollars as of period end.

#### Customer Concentration

Our operating results for the foreseeable future will continue to depend on sales to a small group of customers. For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, sales to the top three customers accounted for 70.7% and 49.9%, respectively, of our revenue. Of the top three customers for the three months ended March 31, 2025, two customers were different from the top three customers for the comparable period in 2024.

While our objective is to diversify our customer base, we continue to be susceptible to risks associated with customer concentration.

#### Continued Investment and Innovation

We continue to be a customer-focused company working to develop innovative solutions to address customers’ needs and focus on our customers to identify the most impactful areas for research and development as we seek to further improve the capabilities of our AM solutions. We believe this process has contributed significantly to our development of the most advanced metal AM systems in the world. We believe that continued investments in our products are important to our future growth and, as a result, we will invest in enhancing our portfolio of AM solutions through certain research and development projects based on customer demand.

### Macroeconomic Conditions and Other World Events

General economic and political conditions such as recessions, interest rates, fuel prices, inflation, foreign currency fluctuations, international tariffs, social, political and economic risks and acts of war or terrorism (including, for example, the ongoing military conflicts in Israel and in Ukraine and the economic sanctions related thereto), have added uncertainty in timing of customer orders and supply chain constraints. In 2024, we implemented a number of supply chain and manufacturing improvements in response and intend to continue to focus on driving further operational improvements during 2025 to reduce operating costs.

See “Risk Factors - Risks Related to Our Business and Industry—Market conditions, economic uncertainty or downturns could adversely affect our business and operating results” and “—We may be adversely affected by the effects of inflation or possible stagflation.”

### Climate Change

Material pending or existing climate change-related legislation, regulations, and international accords could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations, including: (1) material past and/or future capital expenditures for climate-related projects, (2) material indirect consequences of climate-related regulation or business trends, such as the following: decreased/increased demand for goods or services that produce significant greenhouse gas emissions or are related to carbon-based energy sources; increased competition to develop innovative new products that result in lower emissions; increased demand for generation and transmission of energy from alternative energy sources; and any anticipated reputational risks resulting from operations or products that produce material greenhouse gas emissions and (3) material increased compliance costs related to climate change. In addition, extreme weather and other natural disasters may become more intense or more frequent, which may disrupt our operations or the operations of our suppliers and customers.

### Components of Results of Operations

#### Revenue

Our revenue is primarily derived from our AM fully integrated hardware and software solution based on our proprietary L-PBF technology. Our products include Sapphire, Sapphire 1MZ, Sapphire XC and Sapphire XC 1MZ metal AM printer using our L-PBF technology and Assure quality validation software (collectively referred to as the “3D Printer”). Contracts for 3D Printers also include post-sale customer support services (“Support Services”), except for our distributor partners, which are qualified to perform support services.

We sell our fully integrated hardware and software AM solutions through two types of transaction models: a 3D Printer sale transaction and a recurring payment transaction (“Recurring Payment”). Support services are included with a 3D Printer sale transaction and a Recurring Payment transaction. For 3D Printer sale transactions where the support service period has expired, customers may purchase extended support service contracts.

**3D Printer sale transactions -** fixed purchase price model. The timeframe from order to completion of the site acceptance test usually occurs over three to nine months. As we scale our production, we expect to reduce this timeframe. Contract consideration allocated to the 3D Printer is recognized at a point in time, which occurs upon transfer of control to the customer at shipment.

The initial sales of 3D Printers and Support Services are included in one contract and are invoiced together. Contract consideration is allocated between the two performance obligations based on relative fair value. This allocation involves judgment and is periodically updated as new relevant information becomes available.

Other revenue included under 3D Printer sales includes parts and consumables, such as filters, powder or build plates, that are sold to customers and recognized upon transfer of control to the customer at shipment.

**Recurring Payment transactions -** are our leased 3D Printer transactions. We define our Recurring Payment transactions as operating leases. Under the leased 3D Printer transaction, the customer typically pays an amount for a lease which entitles the customer to a base number of hours of usage. For usage above that level, the customer typically pays an hourly usage fee. Most of our leases have a 12-month term, though in some instances the lease term is longer.

Under this model, the customer typically pays a base rent and variable payments based on usage in excess of a defined threshold. Most of our leases have a 12-month term, though in certain cases the lease term is longer.

**Rapid Production Solutions (RPS) -** RPS utilizes our deep engineering expertise, cutting-edge technology and a fleet of Sapphire XC large-format metal 3D printers to manufacture custom metal components in order to accelerate path to production for our customers.

**Support Services** - are included with most 3D Printer sale transactions and Recurring Payment transactions. Support services consist of field service engineering, phone and email support, preventative maintenance, and limited on and off-site consulting support. A subsequent Extended Support Agreement is available for renewal after the initial contract period based on the then-fair value of the service, which is paid for separately. Support Service revenue is recognized over the contract period beginning with customer performance test acceptance.

#### Cost of Revenue

Our cost of revenue includes the “*Cost of 3D Printers,” “Cost of Recurring Payment”* and “*Cost of Support Services.”*

Cost of 3D Printers includes the manufacturing cost of our components and subassemblies purchased from vendors for the assembly, as well as raw materials and assemblies, shipping costs and other directly associated costs. Cost of 3D Printers also includes allocated overhead costs from headcount-related costs, such as salaries, stock-based compensation, depreciation of manufacturing related equipment and facilities, and information technology costs.

Cost of Recurring Payment includes depreciation of the leased equipment over the useful life of five years less the residual value, and an allocated portion of Cost of Support Services.

Cost of RPS includes cost of raw materials, typically metal powder feedstock, direct and indirect labor, depreciation of 3D printers and other related equipment and facilities, utilities such as electricity and specialty gases, shipping costs and other directly associated costs.

Cost of Support Services includes the cost of spare or replacement parts for preventive maintenance, installation costs, headcount-related costs such as salaries, stock-based compensation, depreciation of manufacturing related equipment and facilities, and information technology costs. The headcount-related costs are directly associated with the engineers dedicated to remote and on-site support, training, travel costs and other services costs.

#### Gross Profit and Gross Margin

Our gross profit is revenue less cost of revenue and our gross margin is gross profit as a percentage of revenue. The gross profit and gross margin for our products are varied and are expected to continue to vary from period to period due to the mix of products and services sold through a 3D Printer sale transaction, a Recurring Payment transaction, RPS offerings, services contracts, new product introductions and efforts to optimize our operational costs. Other factors affecting our gross profit include changes to our material costs, assembly costs that are themselves dependent upon improvements to yield, and any increase in assembly overhead to support a greater number of 3D Printers sold and markets served.

#### Research and Development Expenses

Our research and development expenses represent costs incurred to support activities that advance the development of innovative AM technologies, new product platforms and consumables, as well as activities that enhance the capabilities of our existing product platforms. Our research and development expenses consist primarily of salaries and related personnel costs for individuals working in our research and development departments, including stock-based compensation, prototypes, design expenses, information technology costs and software license amortization, consulting and contractor costs, and an allocated portion of overhead costs, including depreciation of property and equipment used in research and development activities.

#### Selling and Marketing Expenses

Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of salaries and related personnel costs for individuals working in our sales and marketing departments, including stock-based compensation, costs related to trade shows and events, advertising, marketing promotions, travel costs and an allocated portion of overhead costs, including information technology costs and costs for customer validation.

#### General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and related personnel costs for individuals associated with our executive, administrative, finance, legal, information technology and human resources functions, including stock-based compensation, professional fees for legal, audit and compliance, accounting and consulting services, general corporate costs, facilities, rent, information technology costs, insurance, bad debt expenses and an allocated portion of overhead costs, including equipment and depreciation and other general and administrative expenses.

#### Interest Expense

Interest expense primarily consists of interest incurred under our outstanding debt and finance leases.

#### Gain (Loss) on Fair Value of Warrants

Gain (loss) on valuation of warrant liabilities relates to the changes in the fair value of warrant liabilities which are subject to remeasurement at each balance sheet date.

#### Gain (Loss) on Fair value of Contingent Earnout Liabilities

Gain (loss) on valuation of contingent earnout liabilities relates to the changes in fair value of the contingent earnout liabilities in connection with the earnout shares, which are subject to remeasurement at each balance sheet date.

#### Loss on warrant cancellation

Loss on warrant cancellation relates to the loss recognized in conjunction with the February 2025 Warrant Exchange Agreement.

#### Other Income (Expense), Net

Other income (expense), net includes interest earned on our bank sweep account, gains and losses on disposals of fixed assets, transaction costs related to the warrant inducement transaction and other miscellaneous income/expenses.

#### Income Taxes

No provision for federal and state income taxes was recorded for any periods presented due to projected losses, and we maintained a full valuation allowance on the deferred tax assets as of March 31, 2025 and 2024.

We will continue to review our conclusions about the appropriate amount of the valuation allowance on a quarterly basis. If we were to generate profits, the U.S. valuation allowance position could be reversed in the foreseeable future. We expect a benefit to be recorded in the period the valuation allowance reversal is recorded and a higher effective tax rate in periods following the valuation allowance reversal.

### Results of Operations

### Comparison of the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:

The following table summarizes our historical results of operations for the periods presented:

*(In thousands, except for percentages)*

| Revenue | Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 | 2024 | Change% |  |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| 3D Printer | $7,523 | $7,660 | $(137) | (1.8)% |
| Recurring payment | — | 470 | (470) | (100.0)% |
| Support services | 1,790 | 1,656 | 134 | 8.1% |
| Other | 7 | — | 7 | 100.0% |
| Total Revenue | 9,320 | 9,786 | (466) | (4.8)% |
| Cost of revenue |  |  |  |  |
| 3D Printer | 7,540 | 9,394 | (1,854) | (19.7)% |
| Recurring payment | 12 | 315 | (303) | (96.2)% |
| Support services | 1,071 | 2,892 | (1,821) | (63.0)% |
| Total cost of revenue | 8,623 | 12,601 | (3,978) | (31.6)% |
| Gross profit (loss) | 697 | (2,815) | 3,512 | (124.8)% |
| Operating expenses |  |  |  |  |
| Research and development | 1,212 | 5,043 | (3,831) | (76.0)% |
| Selling and marketing | 2,275 | 4,809 | (2,534) | (52.7)% |
| General and administrative | 9,131 | 8,783 | 348 | 4.0% |
| Total operating expenses | 12,618 | 18,635 | (6,017) | (32.3)% |
| Loss from operations | (11,921) | (21,450) | 9,529 | (44.4)% |
| Interest expense | (1,070) | (3,897) | 2,827 | (72.5)% |
| Loss on fair value of warrants | (1,044) | (2,620) | 1,576 | (60.2)% |
| Loss on fair value of contingent earnout liabilities | — | (437) | 437 | (100.0)% |
| Loss on warrant cancellation | (11,357) | — | (11,357) | 100.0% |
| Other income (expense), net | (11) | 94 | (105) | (111.7)% |
| Income (loss) before provision for income taxes | (25,403) | (28,310) | 2,907 | (10.3)% |
| Provision for income taxes | (8) | (4) | (4) | 100.0% |
| Net income (loss) | $(25,411) | $(28,314) | $2,903 | (10.3)% |

#### Revenue

The following table presents the revenue disaggregated by products and service type, as well as the percentage of total revenue.

*(In thousands, except for percentages)*

| ​ ​ ​ | Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 |  | 2024 |  | Change% |  |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| 3D Printer sales | $7,523 | 80.7% | $7,660 | 78.3% | $(137) | (1.8)% |
| Recurring payment | — | — | 470 | 4.8% | (470) | (100.0)% |
| Support services | 1,790 | 19.2% | 1,656 | 16.9% | 134 | 8.1% |
| Other | 7 | 0.1% | — | — | 7 | 100.0% |
| Total Revenue | $9,320 | 100.0% | $9,786 | 100.0% | $(466) | (4.8)% |

35

Total revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 was $9.3 million and $9.8 million, respectively, a decrease of $0.5 million, or 4.8%.

3D Printer sales were $7.5 million and $7.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, a decrease of $0.2 million. The decrease in revenue was primarily attributed to the lower number of systems sold. The 3D Printer sales also included printed parts and consumables revenue.

Recurring Payment revenue, structured as an operating lease, was $0 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and $0.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The decrease was primarily attributable to a revenue reduction related to fewer operating lease transactions.

Our Support Services revenue was $1.8 million and $1.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, a increase of $0.1 million. The increase in Support Services revenue was primarily due to services provided to customers as a result of increased installed base.

Other revenue was less than $0.1 million and $0 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

#### Cost of Revenue

The following table presents the Cost of Revenue disaggregated by product and service type, as well as the percentage of total cost of revenue.

*(In thousands, except for percentages)*

| ​ ​ Cost of Revenue | Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 |  | 2024 |  | Change% |  |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| Cost of 3D Printers | $7,540 | 87.4% | $9,394 | 74.5% | $(1,854) | (19.7)% |
| Cost of Recurring Payment | 12 | 0.1% | 315 | 2.5% | (303) | (96.2)% |
| Cost of Support Services | 1,071 | 12.5% | 2,892 | 23.0% | (1,821) | (63.0)% |
| Total Cost of Revenue | $8,623 | 100.0% | $12,601 | 100.0% | $(3,978) | (31.6)% |

Total cost of revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 was $8.6 million and $12.6 million, respectively, a decrease of $4.0 million, or 31.6%.

Cost of 3D Printers was $7.5 million and $9.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The decrease of $1.9 million was due to a decrease in number of systems sold for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Cost of Recurring Payment was less than $0.1 million and $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. This decrease of $0.3 million was primarily due to a decrease in depreciation of the equipment on lease and allocable Cost of Support Services as a result of fewer 3D Printers in service in the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the three months March 31, 2024.

Cost of Support Services was $1.1 million and $2.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Cost of Support Services decreased by $1.8 million, due to the fixed costs associated with field service engineering labor and overhead in March 31, 2025, compared to March 31, 2024.

In addition, field service engineering support cost has increased specifically with regard to increasing sales of Sapphire XC systems and introduction of the Sapphire 1MZ and Sapphire XC 1MZ systems in the field. We expect this to decrease on a per unit basis as the Sapphire XC, Sapphire 1MZ and Sapphire XC 1MZ system performance improves. We also expect our Cost of Support Services will increase with the delivery of more 3D Printer systems to customers.

Cost of revenue as a percentage of revenue was 92.5% and 128.8% for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The decrease in the cost of revenue as a percentage of revenue was primarily driven by lower cost associated with raw materials and direct labor efficiency improvements.

We may experience increasing component costs from our suppliers due to international tarriffs and our current financial situation. We are currently unable to secure credit terms and volume discounts with our suppliers, causing us to pay a premium, in advance, or source from alternate suppliers at unfavorable terms for our products. This has negatively impacted our cost of revenue and will continue to negatively impact our cost of revenue until our financial conditions improve and costs associated with tariffs ease.

#### Gross Profit and Gross Margin

Total gross profit (loss) was $0.7 million and $(2.8) million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. As a percentage of revenue, the gross margin was 7.5% and (28.8)% for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The increase in gross profit for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was primarily attributable to the lower cost associated with system revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2025, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Our gross profit and gross margin are influenced by a number of factors, including:

- Product mix of Sapphire, and Sapphire XC systems;
- Average selling prices for our systems;
- Trends in materials and shipping costs;
- Production volumes that may impact factory overhead absorption;
- System reliability performance; and
- Impact of product mix changes, including new product introductions, and other factors, on our Cost of Support Services.

Due to the aforementioned trends in customer orders and component costs, our gross profit and gross margin have been and will continue to be negatively impacted until our financial conditions improve.

#### Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses were $1.2 million and $5.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, a decrease of $3.8 million. The decrease in research and development expenses was driven by a $2.8 million decrease in headcount, salaries and employee-related expenses, a decrease of $0.8 million in stock-based compensation, a decrease of $0.2 million in miscellaneous expenses.

We expect research and development costs to remain at similar levels for the remainder of 2025 due to the maturation of our Sapphire family of systems and certain investments in improvements current product line and to increase in the long term as we continue to invest in enhancing and advancing our portfolio of AM solutions.

#### Selling and Marketing Expenses

Selling and marketing expenses were $2.3 million and $4.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, a decrease of $2.5 million. The decrease was attributable to a decrease of $1.5 million in headcount, salaries and employee-related expenses, a $0.9 million decrease in stock-based compensation, and a $0.4 million decrease in marketing costs and initiatives.

We expect selling and marketing expenses to increase for the remainder of 2025 as we re-engage with key customers and drive RPS traction. During the remainder of 2025, we intend to continue our focus on certain markets that show strong attendance at additive manufacturing conferences to build product awareness.

#### General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses were $9.1 million and $8.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, an increase of $0.3 million. The increase was attributable to a $0.3 million increase in legal and other professional fees.

We expect general and administrative expenses to decrease as a result of savings from our reduction in force implemented in late 2024. We continue to focus on our company-wide initiatives to reduce operating costs for the remainder of 2025 as we continue to reducing our general and administrative expenses through reducing our reliance on outside consultants, managing facility costs, negotiating with vendors for improved pricing and enterprise level efficiency improvements.

#### Interest Expense

Interest expense was $1.1 million and $3.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, due to the reduction in Senior Secured Notes and offset by the issuance of the Secured Secured Convertible Notes.

We expect our interest expense will continue to decrease as a result of our reduced debt.

#### Gain (loss) on Fair Value of Warrants

The change in fair value of warrants resulted in a loss of $1.0 and $2.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and was related to the non-cash fair value change of the warrant liabilities driven by the relative change in our stock price.

#### Gain (loss) on Fair value of Contingent Earnout Liabilities

The change in fair value of the contingent earnout liability was $0 and $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and was related to the non-cash fair value change of the earnout liabilities driven by the relative change in our stock price

#### Loss on Warrant Cancellation

Loss on warrant cancellation was $11.4 million and $0 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024 and related to the loss recognized in conjunction with the February 2025 Warrant Exchange transaction.

#### Other Income (Expense), Net

Other (expense) and income, net was less than ($0.01) million and less than $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

#### Income Taxes

No provision for federal and state income taxes was recorded for both the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 due to projected losses, and we maintained a full valuation allowance on the deferred tax assets as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

We will continue to review our conclusions about the appropriate amount of the valuation allowance on a quarterly basis. If we were to generate profits in the remainder of 2025 and beyond, the U.S. valuation allowance position could be reversed in the foreseeable future. We expect a benefit to be recorded in the period the valuation allowance reversal is recorded and a higher effective tax rate in periods following the valuation allowance reversal.

### Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of March 31, 2025, the Company had approximately $3.9 million in cash and short-term investments and $4.6 million in accounts receivable. Our business requires substantial amounts of cash for operating activities, including salaries and wages paid to our employees, component and sub-assembly purchases, general and administrative expenses, and others.

Our purchase commitments per terms and conditions with suppliers and vendors are cancellable in whole or in part prior to shipment. Purchase commitments (purchase orders) of $1.5 million for parts and assemblies are due upon receipt and will primarily be delivered throughout the remainder of 2025. If inventory is shipped, we will accrue a liability under accrued expenses. We have no other commitments and contingencies, except for the operating leases and the Secured Notes, the January Note, and the February Note. See Note 8, *Leases*, in the unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report for further discussion.

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, we experienced less revenue growth than expected due to our focus on high-value customers, resulting in a small decrease in system sales as compared to the first quarter in 2024. As of March 31, 2025, we do not have sufficient working capital to meet our financial needs for the twelve-month period following the filing date of these unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements. As such, we believe that there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern for the twelve-month period following the issuance of these unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements. See Note 1 *Description of Business and Basis of Presentation—Going Concern, Financial Condition and Liquidity and Capital Resources* in the unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report.

On December 9, 2024, Arrayed Notes Acquisition Corp., a subsidiary of Arrayed Additive, Inc. purchased the Senior Secured Notes from then Note holders.

On December 24, 2024, the Company and Arrayed Notes Acquisition Corp. (“Arrayed”) entered into a debt for equity exchange transaction where the Company issued 185,151,333 shares of the Company’s common stock, in exchange for the cancellation of $22,382,000.00 in principal amount of the Company’s Senior Secured Notes due 2026 plus $369,303.00 of accrued interest on the Notes. As of March 31, 2025, Arrayed held approximately $5.0 million in principal amount of the Notes, and was the owner of 95% of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock.

On January 7, 2025, the Company issued the January Note, a Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Note in the principal amount of $5,000,000 to Thieneman Properties, LLC, an Indiana limited liability company. The Note is payable in full on April 7, 2025 in the amount of $5,750,000 and if not paid on or prior to such date, will continue to accrue interest at the same rate until paid. The Note may be prepaid in whole or in part at any time without penalty or premium and is convertible in the event of default into shares of the Company’s common stock, at a fixed conversion price of $1.56 per share. On April 7, 2025, the Company paid an interest payment of $750,000, covering the first three months of interest on the January Note.

On February 10, 2025, the Company issued the February Note, a Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Note in the principal amount of $10,000,000 to Thieneman Construction, Inc, an Indiana corporation, to be funded in two tranches of $5,000,000. The February Note bears interest at a rate of 30.0% per annum, is payable in full on the date that is six months from the date such tranche was funded, in the amount of $5,750,000 and if not paid on or prior to such date, will continue to accrue interest at the same rate until paid. The outstanding principal amount of the February Note is convertible upon the occurrence of the Company’s successful listing of shares of its common stock on a national securities exchange or the occurrence and during the continuation of an Event of Default, into Common Shares at a fixed conversion price of $1.00 per share.

We will need to engage in additional financings to fund our operations and satisfy our debt obligations in the near-term as well as to respond to business challenges and opportunities, including the need to repay the Secured Notes, provide working capital, continue to fund payroll for employees, improve our operating infrastructure, and continue to sustain operations. Accordingly, subject to our compliance with the covenants in the Secured Notes, to fund our operations, we will need to engage in equity or debt financings to secure additional funds, including seeking additional capital from public or private offerings of our equity or debt securities, electing to repay, restructure or refinance our existing indebtedness, or electing to borrow additional amounts under new credit lines or from other sources. We may also seek to raise additional capital, including from offerings of our equity or debt securities, on an opportunistic basis when we believe there are suitable opportunities for doing so.

Additionally, our recent and projected financial results, and the related conditions that raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern, and general concerns among potential investors and creditors about our financial well-being, may make securing additional financing and cost cutting activities on commercially reasonable terms or in an amount sufficient to fund our operations for at least 12 months especially difficult.

More generally, our ability to meet our cash requirements depends on, among other things, our operating performance, competitive and industry developments, and financial market conditions, all of which are significantly affected by business, financial, economic, political, and other factors, many of which we may not be able to control or influence. To the extent that our actual operating results or other developments differ from our expectations, our liquidity will continue to be adversely affected.

#### Debt Facilities

As of March 31, 2025, our debt arrangements comprised the Secured Notes, the January Notes, and the February Notes, of which we had approximately $20.0 million aggregate principal amount outstanding as of March 31, 2025.

See our other debt facilities as described in the“Liquidity and Capital Resources” section above.

We do not hedge our exposure to changes in interest rates. A 10% change in interest rates would not have a material impact on annualized interest expense.

For more information, see Note 9, *Debt*, in the notes of the unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report.

### Cash Flow Summary

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the nine months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:

*(In thousands)*

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 | 2024 | Change ​ |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| Net cash used in operating activities | $(12,349) | $(20,523) | $8,174 |
| Net cash provided by investing activities | $— | $3,493 | $(3,493) |
| Net cash provided by financing activities | $15,000 | $285 | $14,715 |

#### Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was $12.5 million, consisting primarily of a net loss of $25.4 million, non-cash loss of $18.4 million described below, and a decrease in net operating assets of $5.9 million. The cash used from net operating assets was comprised of a decrease from accounts payable of $1.0 million, a decrease from contract liabilities of $2.6 million, a decrease from other net operating assets of $1.9 million, a decrease from prepaid expenses of $3.4 million related to insurance and vendor prepayments, and a decrease from inventories of $2.0 million for Sapphire XC, Sapphire 1MZ and Sapphire XC 1MZ system production, offset by an increase from other assets of $1.0 million and an increase from accrued expenses and other current liabilities of $0.2 million. The noncash loss of $18.4 million primarily consisted of the loss on cancelation of warrants of $11.4 million, stock-based compensation expense of $4.1 million, and the loss on fair value of warrants of $1.0 million

Net cash used in operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was $20.5 million, consisting primarily of a net loss of $28.3 million, non-cash loss of $12.7 million described below, and a decrease in net operating assets of $4.9 million. The decrease in net operating assets was comprised of a decrease from accounts payable of $4.2 million, a decrease from contract liabilities of $0.4 million, a decrease from other net operating assets of $1.7 million, a decrease in accrued expenses and other current liabilities of $0.2 million and a decrease from inventories of $2.6 million for Sapphire XC, Sapphire 1MZ and Sapphire XC 1MZ system production, offset by an increase from accounts receivable of $2.1 million due to timing of customer payments, and an increase from prepaid expenses of $1.1 million related to insurance and vendor prepayments. The noncash loss of $12.7 million primarily consisted of the stock-based compensation expense of $5.1 million, depreciation and amortization of $4.6 million and the loss on fair value of warrants of $2.6 million.

We expect our cash used in operating activities to decrease, driven by our efforts to stabilize our working capital requirements through our expense reduction efforts and overall enterprise efficiency improvement programs.

#### Investing Activities

There was no cash provided by investing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2025.

Net cash provided by investing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2024 was $3.5 million, consisting of maturities of available-for-sale investment securities of $3.5 million.

We expect our capital expenditures to increase in 2025 compared to 2024 as we invest in printer capacity and related facilities for RPS.

#### Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2025 was $15.0 million, consisting of proceeds of $15.0 million from the issuance of the January Note and the February Note.

Net cash provided by financing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2024 was $0.3 million, consisting of proceeds of $0.3 million from the issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options.

We expect cash provided by financing activities to increase by issuing new equity or incurring new debt to continue operations, subject to our compliance with the covenants in the Secured Notes. Our future cash requirements and the adequacy of available funds will depend on many factors, including our operating performance, competitive and industry developments, and financial market conditions.

### Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.

### Recent Accounting Pronouncements

For a description of recent accounting pronouncements, including the expected dates of adoption and estimated effects, if any, on Velo3D’s unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements, see Note 2, *Summary of Significant Accounting Policies*, in the notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements in this Quarterly Report.

### Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company

Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can choose not to take advantage of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies, and any such election to not take advantage of the extended transition period is irrevocable. We are an “emerging growth company” as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act") and have elected to take advantage of the benefits of this extended transition period.

We will elect to use this extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public business entities and nonpublic business entities until the earlier of the date we (a) are no longer an emerging growth company or (b) affirmatively and irrevocably opt out of the extended transition period provided in the JOBS Act. This may make it difficult or impossible to compare our financial results with the financial results of another public company that is either not an emerging growth company or an emerging growth company that has chosen not to take advantage of the extended transition period exemptions because of the potential differences in accounting standards used. Please refer to Note 2. *Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,* of the unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report for the recent accounting pronouncements adopted and the recent accounting pronouncements not yet adopted for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

We will remain an emerging growth company under the JOBS Act until the earliest of (a) December 31, 2025, (b) the last date of our fiscal year in which we have total annual gross revenue of at least $1.235 billion, (c) the last date of our fiscal year in which we are deemed to be a “large accelerated filer” under the rules of the SEC or (d) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in nonconvertible debt securities during the previous three years.

### Implications of Being a Smaller Reporting Company

We are a “smaller reporting company” as defined in Item 10(f)(1) of Regulation S-K. Smaller reporting companies may take advantage of certain reduced disclosure obligations, including, among other things, providing only two years of audited consolidated financial statements.

We may continue to be a smaller reporting company even after we are no longer an emerging growth company. We will remain a smaller reporting company and may take advantage of certain scaled disclosures available to smaller reporting companies until the last day of the fiscal year in which (a) the market value of our voting and nonvoting common stock held by non-affiliates equals or exceeds $250.0 million measured on the last business day of that year’s second fiscal quarter and (b) our annual revenue equals or exceeds $100.0 million during the most recently completed fiscal year or our voting and nonvoting common stock held by non-affiliates equals or exceeds $700.0 million measured on the last business day of that year’s second fiscal quarter.

### Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Estimates

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. We evaluated the development and selection of our critical accounting policies and estimates and believe that the following involve a higher degree of judgement or complexity and are most significant to reporting our results of operations and financial position and are therefore discussed as critical. The following critical accounting policies reflect the significant estimates and judgements used in the preparation of our unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates and assumptions, and those differences could be material to our unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements. We re-evaluate our estimates on an ongoing basis. For more information, see Note 2, *Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,* included in the notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements in this Quarterly Report, and *Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Estimates* in Part II, Item 7 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

## Market risk

As filed, 261 characters.

We are a smaller reporting company as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). As a result, pursuant to Item 305(e) of Regulation S-K, we are not required to provide the information required by this Item.

## Controls and procedures

As filed, 11,404 characters.

### Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by an issuer in the reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Our management, with participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act as of March 31, 2025. Based upon this evaluation our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of March 31, 2025, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective due to the material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting described below.

### Material Weaknesses in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

As described Part II, Item 9A. “Controls and Procedures” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, we identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. These material weaknesses have not been remediated as of March 31, 2025. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the annual or interim consolidated financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The material weaknesses are as follows:

- We did not design and maintain an effective control environment commensurate with our financial reporting requirements. Specifically, we did not maintain a sufficient complement of personnel with an appropriate degree of internal controls and accounting knowledge, experience, and training commensurate with our accounting and financial reporting requirements. Additionally, the lack of a sufficient complement of personnel resulted in an inability to consistently establish appropriate authorities and responsibilities in pursuit of our financial reporting objectives, as demonstrated by, among other things, insufficient segregation of duties in our finance and accounting functions. This material weakness contributed to the following additional material weaknesses.
- We did not design and maintain effective controls over the segregation of duties related to journal entries and account reconciliations. Specifically, certain personnel have the ability to both (i) create and post journal entries within our general ledger system and (ii) prepare and review account reconciliations.
- We did not design and maintain effective controls over the accounting and disclosure for debt and equity instruments. Specifically, we did not design and maintain effective controls over the accounting for the issuance and extinguishment of convertible note arrangements, warrants, common stock, and the accounting for earnout liabilities.
- We did not design and maintain effective controls over the accounting for inventory and related accounts. Specifically, we did not design and maintain effective controls over verifying the existence of inventory, the accuracy of purchases, manufacturing costs, and write-offs and the financial statement presentation of inventory and related accounts.
- We did not design and maintain effective controls over the accounting for contract assets and liabilities. Specifically, we did not design and maintain effective controls over the accuracy and the financial statement presentation of contract assets and liabilities, including variable consideration.
- We did not design and maintain effective controls over financial statement preparation, presentation and disclosure commensurate with our financial reporting requirements. Specifically, we did not design and maintain effective controls over the appropriate classification and presentation of accounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements.

These material weaknesses resulted in adjustments to accounts receivable, inventory, other current assets, current and non-current contract liabilities, accrued expenses and other current liabilities which were recorded prior to the issuance of the consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021 and as of and for the interim periods ended September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2021. These material weaknesses also resulted in the revision of our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2022 and as of and for the interim periods ended March 31, 2022, June 30, 2022, September 30, 2022, March 31, 2023, June 30, 2023, and September 30, 2023. Also, these material weaknesses resulted in an uncorrected misstatement to inventories and cost of revenue and adjustments to debt – current portion and long-term debt, other income, additional paid in capital, gain on fair value of warrants, interest expense, revenue and contract assets, and loss on debt extinguishment which were recorded prior to the issuance of the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023 and accounts receivable and contract assets as of and for the interim period ended March 31, 2025. These material weaknesses also resulted in adjustments to interest expense, debt – current portion, additional paid-in capital, warrant liabilities, contingent earnout liabilities and gain (loss) on fair value of contingent earnout liabilities, which were recorded prior to the issuance of the unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements as of and for the interim period ended March 31, 2025. Additionally, these material weaknesses could result in a misstatement of substantially all of our accounts or disclosures that would result in a material misstatement to the annual or interim consolidated financial statements that would not be prevented or detected.

- We did not design and maintain effective controls over certain information technology (“*IT”*) general controls for information systems that are relevant to the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. Specifically, we did not design and maintain effective:
- user access controls to ensure appropriate segregation of duties and that adequately restrict user and privileged access to financial applications, programs, and data to appropriate company personnel; and
- program change management controls to ensure that information technology program and data changes affecting certain financial IT applications and underlying accounting records are identified, tested, authorized and implemented appropriately.

These IT deficiencies did not result in a misstatement to the consolidated financial statements, however, the deficiencies, when aggregated, could impact maintaining effective segregation of duties, as well as the effectiveness of IT dependent controls (such as automated controls that address the risk of material misstatement to one or more assertions, along with the IT controls and underlying data that support the effectiveness of system-generated data and reports) that could result in misstatements potentially impacting all consolidated financial statement accounts and disclosures that would not be prevented or detected. Accordingly, management has determined these deficiencies in the aggregate constitute a material weakness.

### Remediation Measures for Remaining Material Weaknesses in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have taken measures to remediate the material weaknesses remaining as of March 31, 2025, including the following: hired additional accounting and IT personnel to bolster our reporting, technical accounting and IT capabilities; provided ongoing training for our personnel on accounting, financial reporting and internal control over financial reporting; engaged a third-party to assist in designing and implementing controls, including controls related to segregation of duties and IT general controls; designing and implementing controls to formalize roles and review responsibilities to align with our team’s skills and experience and designing and implementing controls over segregation of duties; and designing and implementing controls over the preparation and review of journal entries and account reconciliations. Additionally, we will need to hire and train additional accounting and IT personnel to further bolster our technical accounting and IT capabilities. We have also begun planning for measures to remediate the material weaknesses related to designing and implementing controls over accounting and disclosure for debt and equity instruments, the accounting for the issuance and extinguishment of convertible note arrangements, warrants and common stock; designing and implementing controls over the accounting for inventory and related accounts, the accuracy of inventory, purchases, manufacturing costs, and write-offs and the financial statement presentation of inventory and related accounts; designing and implementing controls over the accounting for contract assets and liabilities, the accuracy and the financial statement presentation and disclosure of contract assets and liabilities, including variable consideration; designing and implementing controls over controls over financial statement preparation, presentation and disclosure commensurate with our financial reporting requirements, the appropriate classification and presentation of accounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements; and designing and implementing IT general controls, including controls over the review and update of user access rights and privileges and program change management controls.

We are making progress toward the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. The measures that we are taking are subject to continued testing, ongoing senior management review, as well as audit committee oversight. We will not be able to conclude whether the measures we are taking will fully remediate these material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting until we have completed our remediation efforts and subsequent evaluation of their effectiveness. We may also conclude that additional measures may be required to remediate the material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, which may necessitate additional implementation and evaluation time. We will continue to assess the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting and take steps to remediate the known material weaknesses expeditiously.

### Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Other than as described above, there were no changes in internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended March 31, 2025 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

## Risk factors

As filed, 14,100 characters.

*There are numerous factors that affect our business and results of operations, many of which are beyond our control. Refer to Item 1A in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, which contains descriptions of significant risks that have the potential to affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, strategies or prospects in a material and adverse manner. Except as set forth below, there have been no material changes to risk factors previously disclosed in Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.*

### Risks Related to Our Financial Position and Need for Additional Capital

***There is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern, which is having a material adverse impact on our business.***

As of March 31, 2025, the Company had approximately $3.9 million in cash and short-term investments and $4.7 million in accounts receivable. This amount is insufficient to satisfy the Company's short term obligations including accounts payable of $16.4 million and $21.7 million in Secured and Convertible Notes as of March 31, 2025.

As described in Note 1 Description of Business and Basis of Presentation—Going Concern, Financial Condition and Liquidity and Capital Resources in the notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report, we believe there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern for the twelve-month period following the filing date of this Quarterly Report.

Our conclusion that there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern may be viewed unfavorably by current and prospective investors, as well as by analysts and creditors. As a result, this conclusion may make it more difficult for us to raise the additional financing necessary to continue to operate our business and satisfy our obligations. In addition, this conclusion may make it more difficult for us to sell our products and meet our sales forecasts or retain employees, which may further impede our ability to raise additional financing. If we become unable to continue as a going concern, we may find it necessary to file a petition for reorganization under Title 11 of the U.S. Code in order to provide us additional time to identify an appropriate solution to our financial situation and implement a plan of reorganization aimed at improving our capital structure.

This conclusion has caused customers to delay 3D printer orders until our financial condition improves, resulting in delays in 3D printer sales and difficulty building our bookings and backlog pipeline. Additionally, due to our inability to satisfy our accounts payable obligations, we are unable to secure credit terms and volume discounts with our suppliers, causing us to have to pay a premium and/or in advance, for components of our products and/or source components from alternate suppliers at unfavorable terms. Further delaying payments to our suppliers may cause them to terminate our business relationship, or pursue legal action against our Company for amounts owed. The Company will need to consider and implement significant cost cutting measures, including further reductions in force. These activities may limit our ability to conduct or grow our business, and may make retaining our employees more difficult, resulting in further employee attrition.

***We expect to require additional capital to fund our operations in the near-term, and this capital might not be available on acceptable terms, if at all.***

We expect that we will need to engage in additional financings to fund our operations and satisfy our substantial debt obligations in the near-term as well as to respond to business challenges and opportunities, including the need to repay our Secured Notes, provide working capital, continuing to fund payroll, develop new features or enhance our products, expand our manufacturing capacity, improve our operating infrastructure or acquire complementary businesses and technologies. Accordingly, subject to our compliance with the covenants in the Secured Notes, we need to engage in equity or debt financings to secure additional funds, including seeking additional capital from public or private offerings of our equity or debt securities, electing to repay, restructure or refinance our existing indebtedness, or electing to borrow additional amounts under new credit lines or from other sources. However, our recent and projected financial results, and the related conditions that raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern, and general concerns among potential investors and creditors about our financial well-being may make taking such actions on commercially reasonable terms especially difficult.

If we raise additional funds through future issuances of equity or convertible debt securities, our existing stockholders could suffer significant dilution, and any new equity securities we issue could have rights, preferences and privileges superior to those of holders of our common stock. Any debt financing that we may secure in the future could involve restrictive covenants relating to our capital raising activities and other financial and operational matters, which may make it more difficult for us to obtain additional capital and to pursue business opportunities, including potential acquisitions. We may not be able to obtain additional financing on terms favorable to us, if at all. Our ability to raise additional capital may be adversely affected by external factors beyond our control, including changes in the political climate, geopolitical actions, changes in market interest rates or foreign exchange rates, market volatility in the trading prices for our common stock and other technology companies, a recession, depression, high inflation or other sustained adverse market event, and the outbreak of epidemic disease. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing or financing on terms satisfactory to us in the near term, we will not be able to continue operations. If we are otherwise unable to obtain additional financing, our ability to respond to business challenges and opportunities could be significantly impaired, and our business may be adversely affected and we may be required to liquidate and/or file for bankruptcy protection.

### Risks Related to our Business and Industry

***There is uncertainty regarding U.S. tariffs and support for existing treaty and trade relationships, and implementation of new legislative or regulatory policies by the U.S. government could impose additional costs on the Company, result in delayed timelines, or otherwise negatively impact the Company, which could have a material adverse impact on the Company’s business.***

In early February 2025, the United States announced a 25% broad-based tariff on goods exported out of Canada into the United States, other than energy products, which would be subject to a 10% tariff. In response, the Canadian government announced that it would impose a 25% tariff on $155 billion of goods imported from the U.S. The United States also announced a 25% tariff on goods imported from Mexico and a 10% tariff on goods imported from China. Representatives of the U.S. government have also publicly stated that they are considering imposing tariffs on goods imported from other countries. The tariffs were enacted on March 4, 2025, however, subsequently paused until April 2, 2025 pending further negotiations. The situation remains fluid, and the duration and outcome of these tariff actions are uncertain. As a result, we are unable to predict the ultimate result and duration of any tariff actions by the U.S. government, or countermeasures that may be taken by other nations.

It remains unclear what additional actions, if any, will be taken by the U.S. or other governments with respect to international trade agreements, the imposition of tariffs on goods imported into the U.S., tax policy related to international commerce, increased export control, sanctions and investment restrictions, import or use of foreign communications equipment, or other trade matters. Although the ultimate scope and timing of any such tariffs is indeterminable, if implemented, they could have a material impact on our financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, there is a risk that the tariffs imposed by the United States on other countries will trigger a broader global trade war which could have a material adverse effect on the U.S. and global economies.

### Risks Related to Compliance Matters

***We are subject to U.S. and other anti-corruption laws, trade controls, economic sanctions and similar laws and regulations. Our failure to comply with these laws and regulations could subject us to civil, criminal and administrative penalties and harm our reputation.***

Doing business on a worldwide basis requires us to comply with the laws and regulations of the U.S. government and various foreign jurisdictions. These laws and regulations place restrictions on our operations, trade practices, partners and investments.

In particular, our operations are subject to U.S. and foreign anti-corruption and trade control laws and regulations, such as the FCPA and the Bribery Act, export controls and economic sanctions programs, including those administered by the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”), the State Department’s Directorate of Defense Trade Controls (“DDTC”) and the Bureau of Industry and Security (“BIS”) of the Department of Commerce. As a result of doing business in foreign countries and with foreign customers, we are exposed to a heightened risk of violating anti-corruption and trade control laws and sanctions regulations. In February 2025, President Donald J. Trump issued an executive order directing the U.S. Department of Justice to pause enforcement of the FCPA and to issue new enforcement guidelines that take into consideration U.S. national security and the competitiveness of U.S. companies abroad. It is unclear how this presidential directive may affect our industry as a whole or our business in particular.

Notwithstanding President Trump’s recent executive order to suspend enforcement of the FCPA, as part of our business, we may deal with state-owned business enterprises, the employees of which are considered foreign officials for purposes of the FCPA’s prohibition on providing anything of value to foreign officials for the purposes of obtaining or retaining business or securing any improper business advantage. In addition, the provisions of the Bribery Act extend beyond bribery of foreign public officials and also apply to transactions with individuals that a government does not employ. Some of the international locations in which we operate lack a developed legal system and have higher than normal levels of corruption. Our continued expansion outside the U.S., primarily in Europe, South-East Asia and Oceania, and our development of new partnerships worldwide, could increase the risk of FCPA, OFAC or Bribery Act violations in the future.

As an exporter, we must comply with various laws and regulations relating to the export of products and technology from the U.S. and other countries having jurisdiction over our operations. In the United States, these laws include the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (“ITAR”) administered by the DDTC, the Export Administration Regulations (“EAR”) administered by the BIS and trade sanctions against embargoed countries and destinations administered by OFAC. The EAR governs products, parts, technology and software which present military or weapons proliferation concerns, so-called “dual use” items, and ITAR governs military items listed on the United States Munitions List. Prior to shipping certain items, we must obtain an export license or verify that license exemptions are available. Any failures to comply with these laws and regulations could result in fines, adverse publicity and restrictions on our ability to export our products, and repeat failures could carry more significant penalties.

Violations of anti-corruption and trade control laws and sanctions regulations are punishable by civil penalties, including fines, denial of export privileges, injunctions, asset seizures, debarment from government contracts and revocations or restrictions of licenses, as well as criminal fines and imprisonment and could harm our reputation, create negative shareholder sentiment and affect the value of our securities. We have established policies and procedures designed to assist our compliance with applicable U.S. and international anti-corruption and trade control laws and regulations, including the FCPA, the Bribery Act and trade controls and sanctions programs administered by OFAC, the DDTC and BIS, and have trained our employees to comply with these laws and regulations. However, there can be no assurance that all of our employees, consultants, agents or other associated persons will not take actions in violation of our policies and these laws and regulations. Additionally, there can be no assurance that our policies and procedures will effectively prevent us from violating these regulations in every transaction in which we may engage or provide a defense to any alleged violation. In particular, we may be held liable for the actions that our joint venture partners take inside or outside of the United States, even though our partners may not be subject to these laws. Such a violation, even if our policies prohibit it, could have an adverse effect on our reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, various state and municipal governments, universities and other investors maintain prohibitions or restrictions on investments in companies that do business with sanctioned countries, persons and entities, which could adversely affect our reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations.

Filed May 15, 2025.
Source: SEC EDGAR, the filing index for accession 0000950170-25-072604. Last ingested by Listed: Oct 24, 2026, 15:15 ET. No prices; not investment advice.