# Dakota Gold Corp.: Form 10-K for the period ended Dec 31, 2025

- Company: [Dakota Gold Corp.](/companies/dc.md) (CIK 1852353)
- Form: 10-K
- Filed: 2026-03-25
- Accepted by EDGAR: Mar 25, 2026, 16:43 ET
- Period: 2025-12-31
- Accession: 0001104659-26-034576
- Inline XBRL: yes
- Main document: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1852353/000110465926034576/tmb-20251231x10k.htm
- All documents and exhibits: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1852353/000110465926034576/

## Figures reported in this filing

Standardized XBRL line items for the period ended 2025-12-31.

| Line item | Period | Value | XBRL concept |
| --- | --- | ---: | --- |
| Operating income | 12 months, 2025-01-01 to 2025-12-31 | −$30.8m | us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss |
| Income tax | 12 months, 2025-01-01 to 2025-12-31 | −$63.0k | us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit |
| Net income | 12 months, 2025-01-01 to 2025-12-31 | −$29.5m | us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss |
| Diluted EPS | 12 months, 2025-01-01 to 2025-12-31 | −$0.27 | us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted |
| Basic EPS | 12 months, 2025-01-01 to 2025-12-31 | −$0.27 | us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic |
| Diluted shares (weighted) | 12 months, 2025-01-01 to 2025-12-31 | 108,895,044 shares | us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding |
| Operating cash flow | 12 months, 2025-01-01 to 2025-12-31 | −$25.4m | us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities |
| Capital expenditure | 12 months, 2025-01-01 to 2025-12-31 | $196.4k | us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment |
| Cash and equivalents | at 2025-12-31 | $29.7m | us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue |
| Current assets | at 2025-12-31 | $30.4m | us-gaap:AssetsCurrent |
| Total assets | at 2025-12-31 | $115.9m | us-gaap:Assets |
| Current liabilities | at 2025-12-31 | $3.0m | us-gaap:LiabilitiesCurrent |
| Total liabilities | at 2025-12-31 | $3.3m | us-gaap:Liabilities |
| Shareholders' equity | at 2025-12-31 | $112.5m | us-gaap:StockholdersEquity |

## Business

As filed, 16,447 characters.

### Corporate History

Dakota Gold Corp. was incorporated as JR Resources Corp. (“JR”) on November 15, 2017 under the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia, Canada). The Company focuses its business efforts on the acquisition, exploration, and development of mineral properties in the United States of America (“U.S.”). On May 22, 2020, the Company completed the domestication process and changed its registration from the Province of British Columbia, Canada to the State of Nevada, including a name change to “Dakota Gold Corp.” On March 31, 2022, the Company completed a merger with Dakota Territory Resource Corp., a Nevada corporation (“Dakota Territory” or “DTRC”). On May 14, 2024, following the receipt of approval by its shareholders, the Company changed its state of incorporation from the State of Nevada to the State of Delaware. The Company currently operates in one segment, mineral exploration and evaluation in the United States.

### Our Business

The Company has been in the exploration stage since its formation and has not realized any revenues from operations. To date, while no development or mining activities have commenced, the Company’s strategy is to move projects from exploration to development and finally into production as results of exploration may dictate. The Company’s management and technical teams have extensive mining and exploration experience, much of it in the Homestake District, and the Company intends to leverage its experience together with its business presence in South Dakota to create value for the Company’s stakeholders. The Company’s principal executive offices are located at 106 Glendale Drive, Suite A, Lead, South Dakota, 57754, and its telephone number is (605) 717-2540.

The Company maintains 100% ownership of mineral properties in the Homestake District comprised of 2,147 unpatented claims and a combination of surface leases and/or ownership covering a total of over 49,500 acres located in the Homestake Mining District of South Dakota, including Maitland, the Barrick Option, Richmond Hill and other properties, all of which are located in the heart of the Homestake District. Please see *Item 2. Properties* for additional information.

On February 6, 2025, the Company announced an updated S-K 1300 Initial Assessment and Technical Report Summary for the Richmond Hill Gold Project (the “February 2025 IA”) containing a measured and indicated mineral resource of 307.86 Mt at 0.470 g/t Au and 4.83 grams per tonne silver (“g/t Ag”) for 4.64 million ounces of gold and 47.77 million ounces of silver and an inferred mineral resource of 414.04 Mts at 0.381 g/t Au and 3.91 g/t Ag for 5.06 million ounces of gold and 52.11 million ounces of silver respectively. The February 2025 IA is incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit 96.1 of this Form 10-K. On July 7, 2025, the Company announced an updated and revised Richmond Hill Initial Assessment with cash flow for Richmond Hill (the “IACF”). The IACF is incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit 96.2 of this Form 10-K.

### Significant Developments

- On April 30, 2024, the Company announced the maiden S-K 1300 initial assessment for the Richmond Hill Gold Project.
- On June 26, 2024, the Company announced an additional investment by Orion of $6 million with the potential to increase to $9 million subject to future market conditions (the “2024 Orion Equity Investment”).
- On October 30, 2024, the Company announced a leadership transition with Robert Quartermain appointed President and Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) as well as Co-Chairman of the Board of Directors of Dakota Gold.
- On December 3, 2024, the Company announced that step-out drilling north of the JB Gold Zone has nearly doubled the known strike-length of the Homestake iron-formation hosted gold mineralization at the Maitland Gold Project.
- On February 6, 2025, the Company announced that Barrick Gold agreed to extend the option period for both the Richmond Hill option and the Homestake option agreements until December 31, 2028, in return for additional annual cash payments of $170,000 and $340,000, respectively, combined as an annual payment of $510,000 on each of March 1, 2026 (paid), March 1, 2027 and March 1, 2028.
- On February 6, 2025, the Company announced the February 2025 IA.
- On March 25, 2025, the Company announced the successful closing of a public offering (the “Offering”), whereby the Company raised net proceeds of approximately $32.8 million by issuing 12,400,000 shares of our common stock at a price of $2.83 per share.
- On July 7, 2025, the Company announced the IACF.
- On November 13, 2025, the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Equity Distribution Agreement with BMO Capital Markets Corp., Canaccord Genuity LLC, and H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC (collectively, the “Sales Agents”) to establish an at-the-market program (the “ATM Program”). Under the ATM Program, the Company may offer and sell shares of its common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $50 million, from time to time through any of the Sales Agents, acting as agent. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, the Company utilized the ATM Program to raise net proceeds of approximately $9.9 million.

### Competitors

We compete with numerous companies, many with greater financial resources available to them, for desirable properties, investment capital, equipment, personnel, and other resources necessary for exploration activities.

### Government Approvals

The exploration, drilling and mining industries operate in a legal environment that requires permits to conduct virtually all activities. Thus, permits are required by local, state and federal government agencies. Local authorities, usually counties, have control over mining activity. The various permits address issues such as prospecting, development, production, labor standards, taxes, occupational health and safety, toxic substances, air quality, water use, water discharge, water quality, noise, dust, wildlife impacts, as well as other environmental and socioeconomic issues.

Prior to receiving the necessary permits to explore or mine, the operator must comply with all regulatory requirements imposed by all governmental authorities having jurisdiction over the project area. Very often, in order to obtain the requisite permits, the operator must present its land reclamation, restoration or replacement plans as a component of the permit application for approval. Specifically, the operator must present its plan as to how it intends to restore or remediate the potentially affected area. Often, these requirements involve costly studies and analyses of alterations of the proposed activity or time frame of operations, in order to mitigate potential impacts. All these factors can make it difficult and costly to operate and have a negative and sometimes fatal impact on the viability of the exploration or mining operation. Finally, it is possible that future changes in these laws or regulations could have a significant impact on our business, causing those activities to be economically re-evaluated at that time.

### Government and Environmental Regulations

Mineral exploration, including mining operations are subject to governmental regulation. Our operations may be affected in varying degrees by government regulation such as restrictions on production, price controls, tax increases, expropriation of property, environmental and pollution controls or changes in conditions under which minerals may be marketed. An excess supply of certain minerals may exist from time to time due to lack of markets, restrictions on exports, and numerous factors beyond our control. These factors include market fluctuations and government regulations relating to prices, taxes, royalties, allowable production and importing and exporting minerals. The effect of these factors cannot be accurately forecasted. While we are not aware of any probable government regulations that would impact the Company, there can be no assurance that no such changes will occur. This section is intended as a brief overview of the laws and regulations described herein and is not intended to be a comprehensive treatment of the subject matter.

### Overview

Like all other mining companies doing business in the United States, we are subject to a variety of federal, state and local statutes, rules and regulations designed to protect the quality of the air and water, and threatened or endangered species, in the vicinity of its operations. These include “permitting” or pre-operating approval requirements designed to ensure the environmental integrity of a proposed mining facility, operating requirements designed to mitigate the effects of discharges into the environment during exploration, any mining operations, and reclamation or post-operation requirements designed to remediate the lands affected by a mining facility once any commercial mining operations have ceased.

Federal legislation in the United States and implementing regulations adopted and administered by the Environmental Protection Agency, the Forest Service, the Bureau of Land Management (“BLM”), the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (“USFWS”), the Army Corps of Engineers and other agencies—in particular, legislation such as the federal Clean Water Act, the Clean Air Act, the National Environmental Policy Act, the Endangered Species Act, the National Forest Management Act, the Wilderness Act, and the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act—have a direct bearing on domestic mining operations. These federal initiatives are often administered and enforced through state agencies operating under parallel state statutes and regulations.

### The Clean Water Act (CWA)

The Federal Clean Water Act and implementing state statutes are the principal environmental protection laws regulating mining operations in the United States as it pertains to water quality. A permit is required for any operations that result in discharges of pollutants into waters of the U.S. The CWA also requires a permit issued by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers for discharges of dredged and fill material in wetlands and other waters of the U.S.

At the state level, water quality is regulated by the Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources of the State of South Dakota. If our exploration or any future development activities might affect a ground water aquifer, we may have to apply for a Ground Water Discharge Permit from the Office of Water in compliance with the Groundwater Regulations. If exploration affects surface water, then compliance with the Surface Water Regulations is required.

Violations of CWA requirements can result in civil or criminal penalties. Sometimes, private citizens may also sue for violations of CWA requirements.

### The Clean Air Act (CAA)

The Federal Clean Air Act establishes ambient air quality standards, restricts the emission of air pollutants from many stationary and mobile sources and establishes a federal air quality permitting program for such emissions, including from mining operations. Mining facilities may produce air emissions from stationary equipment, storage facilities, the use of trucks or heavy machinery and processing facilities. New sources may be required to obtain a permit before they begin construction operations.

Violations of CAA requirements can result in civil or criminal penalties. Sometimes, private citizens may also sue for violations of CAA requirements.

### National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)

NEPA requires all governmental agencies to consider the impact on the human environment of major federal actions as therein defined and requires federal agencies to prepare Environmental Impact Statements (“EIS”) detailing the impacts. EISs are subject to comment and review by other federal agencies and the public. The NEPA process can cause delays in project development and can impact the feasibility of a project.

### Endangered Species Act (ESA)

The ESA protects threatened and endangered species by prohibiting their “take,” which includes harassing species or significantly modifying their habitat. The ESA also establishes an interagency consultation process. Compliance with the ESA can cause delays in project implementation and can increase costs of development. Noncompliance with the ESA can result in civil or criminal penalties.

### National Forest Management Act

The National Forest Management Act, as implemented through title 36 of the Code of Federal Regulations, provides a planning framework for lands and resource management of the National Forests. The planning framework seeks to manage the National Forest System resources in a combination that best serves the public interest without impairment of the productivity of the land, consistent with the Multiple Use Sustained Yield Act of 1960.

### Wilderness Act

The Wilderness Act of 1964 created a National Wilderness Preservation System composed of federally owned areas designated by Congress as “wilderness areas” to be preserved for future use and enjoyment.

### The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA)

CERCLA imposes clean-up liability and natural resource damages on certain classes of parties, including current or former owners and operators. Liability is joint and several and can be imposed regardless of fault or whether the owner or operator knew of contamination.

### The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

RCRA was designed and implemented to regulate the management and disposal of solid and hazardous wastes. It restricts solid waste disposal practices and the management, reuse or recovery of solid wastes and imposes substantial additional requirements on the subcategory of solid wastes that are determined to be hazardous. Like other statutes, RCRA provides for citizens’ suits to enforce the provisions of the law.

### National Historic Preservation Act

The National Historic Preservation Act was designed and implemented to protect historic and cultural properties. Compliance with the Act is necessary where federal properties or federal actions are undertaken, such as mineral exploration on federal land, which may impact historic or traditional cultural properties, including native or Indian cultural sites.

In the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, we incurred minimal costs in complying with environmental laws and regulations in relation to our operating activities, although costs may increase in future periods.

### Employees

As of December 31, 2025, the Company had 41 employees, all of whom are full-time.

### Insurance

We maintain insurance to protect against losses that may result from some risks, such as property loss and Directors and Officer’s liability insurance, in amounts we believe to be reasonably consistent with our risk profile and industry benchmarking. Such insurance, however, contains exclusions and limitations on coverage, which could result in a lack of coverage for a particular loss based on the facts and circumstances of the event. We cannot assure you that claims would be paid under such insurance policies in connection with a particular event. Insurance specific to environmental risks is generally either unavailable or, we believe, cost prohibitive, and we therefore do not maintain environmental insurance.

### Research and Development

The Company has not spent any amounts during each of the last two fiscal years on research and development activities.

### Office Facilities

Our principal executive offices are located at 106 Glendale Drive, Suite A, Lead, South Dakota 57754. Our telephone number is (605) 717-2540.

### Available Information

Our Annual Reports on Form 10-K (including this Form 10-K), Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and any amendments to these reports are filed, or will be filed, as appropriate, with the SEC. These reports are available free of charge on our website, www.dakotagoldcorp.com, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such reports with or furnish such reports to the SEC. Information contained on, or accessible through, our website is not a part of this Form 10-K, and the inclusion of our website address in this document is an inactive textual reference. Additionally, our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) may be accessed through the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

## Risk factors

As filed, 56,368 characters.

Investors in Dakota Gold should consider carefully, in addition to the other information contained in, or incorporated by reference into, this Form 10-K, the following risk factors before deciding to invest in the Company.

### Risks Associated with Our Financial Condition

***We have a limited operating history, currently generate no revenue, and if we are not successful in continuing to advance our business to production, then we may have to scale back or even cease our ongoing business operations.***

We have no history of revenues from operations, no earnings and there can be no assurance that we will ever operate profitably. We have no operating history and are in the exploration stage. The success of our Company is dependent on a successful acquisition, exploration, development and production program. Our operations are subject to all the risks inherent in the establishment of a developing enterprise and the uncertainties arising from the absence of a significant operating history. We may be unable to locate recoverable mineral reserves or operate on a profitable basis. We are in the exploration stage and potential investors should be aware of the difficulties normally encountered by enterprises in the exploration stage. If our business plan is not successful, and we are not able to operate profitably, investors may lose some or all of their investment in our company.

***We will require additional capital to develop any properties in which we establish the existence of commercially viable mineral resources in a commercially exploitable quantity into production. If we cannot raise this additional capital, we will not be able to exploit the resource, and our business could fail.***

Upon the discovery of mineral resources in commercially exploitable quantities on any of our properties such as those identified in the February 2025 IA, we will be required to expend substantial sums of money to establish the extent of the resource, engage in drilling operations and develop extraction and processing facilities (or make arrangements therefor) and infrastructure. We currently do not have adequate capital to develop necessary facilities and infrastructure and will need to raise additional funds. Although we may derive substantial benefits from the discovery of commercially exploitable deposits, there can be no assurance that such a resource will be large enough to justify commercial operations, nor can there be any assurance that we will be able to raise the funds required for development on a timely basis. If we cannot raise the necessary capital or complete the necessary facilities and infrastructure, our business may fail.

***Our business and operations are highly dependent on the market prices of our common stock, gold and silver, and these prices can be volatile. Any prolonged decline in the price of our common stock, gold or silver prices in general could affect our ability to raise further working capital and adversely impact our operations.***

A prolonged decline in the price of our common stock could result in a reduction in the liquidity of our common stock and a reduction in our ability to raise capital. Because our operations have been primarily financed through the sale of equity securities, a decline in the price of our common stock could be especially detrimental to our liquidity and our continued operations. Any reduction in our ability to raise equity capital in the future would force us to reallocate funds from other planned uses and may have a significant negative effect on our business plans and operations, including our ability to develop new properties and continue our current operations. If our stock price declines significantly, we may not be able to raise additional capital or generate funds from operations sufficient to meet our obligations.

The value of our assets, our ability to raise capital and any future economic returns are substantially dependent on the prices of gold and silver. The prices of gold and silver fluctuate on a daily basis and are affected by numerous factors beyond our control. Factors tending to influence gold and silver prices include:

- gold and silver sales or leasing by governments and central banks or changes in their monetary policy, including gold and silver inventory management and reallocation of reserves,
- speculative short positions taken by significant investors or traders in gold and silver,
- the relative strength of the U.S. dollar,
- expectations of the future rate of inflation,
- interest rates,
- changes to economic activity in the United States, China, India and other industrialized or developing countries,
- geopolitical conflicts,
- changes in industrial, jewelry or investment demand,
- changes in supply from production, disinvestment and scrap, and
- forward sales by producers in hedging or similar transactions.

The share prices of gold and silver exploration companies may significantly underperform the movement in the price of physical gold and silver. Even if the price of physical gold and silver increases, our share price may decline due to this disconnect.

***We have had negative cash flows from operations and if we are not able to obtain further financing our business operations may fail.***

To date, we have had negative cash flows from operations, and we have been dependent on sales of our equity securities and debt financing to meet our cash requirements and have incurred a net loss and comprehensive loss of $29.5 million for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025. We had $29.7 million of cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2025. We do not expect to generate positive cash flow from operations in the near future. There is no assurance that actual cash requirements will not exceed our estimates. Any decision to further expand our operations is anticipated to involve consideration and evaluation of several significant factors that could adversely affect our ability to meet our business plans including, but not limited to:

- costs to bringing the property into production, including, but not limited to exploration work, preparation of production feasibility studies, and allowance for production facilities,
- availability and costs of financing,
- ongoing costs of production,
- environmental compliance regulations and restraints, and
- political climate and/or governmental regulation and control.

We depend almost exclusively on outside capital to pay for the exploration and development of our properties. Such outside capital may include the sale of additional stock and/or commercial borrowing. Capital may not be available if necessary to meet these continuing development costs or, if the capital is available, that it will be on terms acceptable to us. The issuance of additional equity securities by us may result in a significant dilution in the equity interests of our current stockholders. Obtaining commercial loans, assuming those loans would be available, will increase our liabilities and future cash commitments. If we are unable to obtain financing in the amounts and on terms deemed acceptable to us, we may be unable to continue our business and, as a result, we may be required to scale back, diversify or cease our business operations, the result of which would be that our stockholders would lose some or all of their investment.

***If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal control, we may not be able to report our financial results accurately or prevent fraud. Any inability to report and file our financial results accurately and timely could harm our reputation and adversely impact the trading price of our common stock and our ability to file registration statements pursuant to registration rights agreements and other commitments.***

Effective internal control is necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports and prevent fraud. If we cannot provide reliable financial reports or prevent fraud, we may not be able to manage our business as effectively as we would if an effective control environment existed, and our business and reputation with investors may be harmed. As a result of our small size, any current internal control deficiencies may adversely affect our financial condition, results of operation and access to capital.

### Risks Associated with Our Business

***The values of our properties are subject to volatility in the price of gold, silver and any other deposits we may seek or locate.***

Our ability to obtain additional and continuing funding is affected by numerous factors, all of which are beyond our control. Some of these factors include the sale or purchase of gold and silver by central banks and financial institutions; interest rates; currency exchange rates; inflation or deflation; fluctuation in the value of the United States dollar and other currencies; speculation; global and regional supply and demand, including investment, industrial and jewelry demand; and the political and economic conditions of major gold, silver or other mineral producing countries throughout the world, such as Russia and South Africa. The price of gold, silver or other minerals have fluctuated widely in recent years, and a decline in the price of gold and silver could cause a significant decrease in the value of our properties, limit our ability to raise money, and render continued exploration activities of our properties impracticable. If that happens, then we could lose our rights to our properties and be compelled to sell some or all of these rights. Additionally, the future progression of our properties beyond the exploration stage is heavily dependent upon the level of gold and silver prices remaining sufficiently high to make the continuation of our properties economically viable. You may lose your investment if the price of gold or silver decreases. The greater the decrease in the price of gold or silver, the more likely it is that you will lose money.

***We may not be able to obtain all required permits and licenses to place any of our properties into future potential production.***

Our current and future operations, including additional exploration activities, require permits from governmental authorities and such operations are and will be governed by laws and regulations governing prospecting, exploration, taxes, labor standards, occupational health, waste disposal, toxic substances, land use, environmental protection, mine safety and other matters. Companies engaged in mineral property exploration generally experience increased costs, and delays in exploration and other schedules as a result of the need to comply with applicable laws, regulations and permits. We cannot predict if all permits which we may require for continued exploration and development activities, will be obtainable on reasonable terms, if at all. Costs related to applying for and obtaining permits and licenses may be prohibitive and could delay our planned exploration activities. Failure to comply with applicable laws, regulations and permitting requirements may result in enforcement actions, including orders issued by regulatory or judicial authorities causing exploration operations to cease or be curtailed, and may include corrective measures requiring capital expenditures, installation of additional equipment, or remedial actions.

***Our business is subject to extensive evolving environmental regulations, including ones involving climate change, that may make exploring, or related activities prohibitively expensive, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.***

All of our operations are subject to extensive environmental regulations that can substantially delay exploration and make exploration expensive or prohibit it altogether. We may be subject to potential liabilities associated with the pollution of the environment and the disposal of waste products that may occur as the result of exploring and other related activities on our properties. We may have to pay to remedy environmental pollution, which may reduce the amount of money that we have available to use for exploration, or other activities, and adversely affect our financial position. Parties engaged in exploration operations may be required to compensate those suffering loss or damage by reason of the exploration activities and may have civil or criminal fines or penalties imposed for violations of applicable laws or regulations. If we are unable to fully remedy an environmental problem, we might be required to suspend exploration operations or to enter into interim compliance measures pending the completion of the required remedy. We have not purchased insurance for potential environmental risks (including potential liability for pollution or other hazards associated with the disposal of waste products from our exploration activities) and such insurance may not be available to us on reasonable terms or at a reasonable price. All of our exploration will be subject to regulation under one or more local, state and federal environmental impact analyses and public review processes. It is possible that future changes in applicable laws, regulations and permits or changes in their enforcement or regulatory interpretation could have significant impact on some portion of our business, which may require our business to be economically re-evaluated from time to time. These risks include, but are not limited to, the risk that regulatory authorities may increase bonding requirements beyond our financial capability. Inasmuch as posting of bonding in accordance with regulatory determinations is a condition to the right to operate under specific federal and state exploration operating permits, increases in bonding requirements could prevent operations even if we are in full compliance with all substantive environmental laws.

Additionally, a number of governments or governmental bodies have historically introduced regulatory changes in response to the potential impact of climate change. Legislation and increased regulation regarding climate change could impose significant costs on us, our venture partners and our suppliers, including costs related to increased energy requirements, capital equipment, environmental monitoring and reporting and other costs to comply with such regulations. Any adopted future climate change regulations could also negatively impact our ability to compete with companies situated in areas not subject to such limitations. Given the public sentiment, political significance and uncertainty around the impact of climate change and how it should be dealt with, we cannot predict how legislation and regulation will affect our financial condition, operating performance and ability to compete. Furthermore, even without such regulation, increased awareness and any adverse publicity in the global marketplace about potential impacts on climate change by us or other companies in our industry could harm our reputation. The potential physical impacts of climate change on our operations are highly uncertain and would be particular to the geographic circumstances in areas in which we operate. These may include changes in rainfall and storm patterns and intensities, water shortages, changing sea levels and changing temperatures. These impacts may adversely impact the cost, production and financial performance of our operations.

***Our property titles may be challenged, and we are not insured against any challenges, impairments or defects to our mineral claims or property titles.***

We cannot guarantee that title to our properties will not be challenged. Title insurance is not available for our mineral properties, and our ability to ensure that we have obtained secure rights to individual mineral properties or mining concessions may be severely constrained. Some of our properties are unpatented mining claims created and maintained in accordance with the federal General Mining Law of 1872. Unpatented claims are unique U.S. property interests and are generally considered to be subject to greater title risk than other real property interests because the validity of unpatented claims is often uncertain. This uncertainty arises, in part, out of the complex federal and state laws and regulations under the General Mining Law. We have not obtained title insurance regarding these claims. Defending any challenges to our property titles may be costly and may divert funds that could otherwise be used for exploration activities and other purposes. We cannot provide any assurances that there are no title defects affecting our properties. In addition, unpatented claims are always subject to possible challenges by third parties or contests by the federal government, which, if successful, may prevent us from exploiting our discovery of commercially extractable gold and silver. Challenges to our title may increase its costs of operation or limit our ability to explore on certain portions of our properties. We are not insured against challenges, impairments or defects to our property titles, nor do we intend to carry extensive title insurance in the future.

***Mineral operations are subject to applicable law and government regulations. These laws and regulations could restrict or prohibit the exploitation of any mineral resources we find. If we cannot exploit such mineral resource that we might discover on our properties, our business may fail.***

Both mineral exploration and extraction require permits from various federal, state, provincial and local governmental authorities and are governed by laws and regulations, including those with respect to prospecting, mine development, mineral production, transport, export, taxation, labor standards, occupational health, waste disposal, toxic substances, land use, environmental protection, mine safety and other matters. Our ability to conduct exploration, and related activities may also be impacted by administrative actions taken by federal agencies.

Companies such as ours that plan to engage in exploration and extraction activities often experience increased costs and delays in production and other schedules as a result of the need to comply with applicable laws, regulations and permits. Amendments to current laws, regulations and permits governing operations and activities of exploration companies, or more stringent implementation thereof, could have a material adverse impact on our operations and cause increases in capital expenditures or production costs or reduction in levels of exploration activities at our properties or require abandonment or delays in future activities. Issuance of permits for our activities is subject to the discretion of government authorities, and we may be unable to obtain or maintain such permits. Permits required for future exploration or development may not be obtainable on reasonable terms or on a timely basis. There can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain or maintain any of the permits required for the continued exploration or development of our mineral properties or for the construction and operation of a mine on our properties at economically viable costs. If we cannot accomplish these objectives, our business could face difficulty and/or fail.

In South Dakota, each new mine permit is limited to a maximum new disturbance of 320 acres for each mining permit. However, authorized disturbance from pre-existing permits can be added to the total. Richmond Hill Permit No. 445 currently authorizes disturbance of 260 acres at Richmond Hill. Accordingly, we expect that an initial permit for Richmond Hill will authorize 580 acres of disturbance. The Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources (“DANR”) has also advised that a company can submit multiple permits to be contiguous and increase the overall disturbance area if needed for a potential new mining operation. Our current permitting strategy is to submit an initial permit application based on a first stage of mine plan and utilize the existing mining permit at the location. We may seek additional mine permits if necessary. We can give no assurance that these efforts will succeed. Once in operations, reclaimed acres can be transferred to new areas for disturbance with DANR approval. If we are unable to obtain these permits, our business could face difficulty and/or fail.

There also can be no assurance that we will be able to comply with all laws and regulations that apply to our activities on an ongoing basis. Current laws and regulations could be amended, and we might not be able to comply with them, as amended. Further, there can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain or maintain all permits necessary for our future operations, or that we will be able to obtain them on reasonable terms. To the extent such approvals are required and are not obtained, we may be delayed or prohibited from proceeding with planned exploration or development of our mineral properties.

Environmental hazards unknown to us, which may have been caused by previous or current owners or operators of the properties, may exist on the properties in which we hold an interest. It is possible that our properties could be located on or near the site of a Federal Superfund cleanup project. Although we have thus far avoided such sites, it is possible that environmental cleanup or other environmental restoration procedures could remain to be completed or mandated by law, causing unpredictable and unexpected liabilities to arise. We are not currently aware of any environmental issues or litigation relating to any of our current properties. Neighboring landowners and other third parties could file claims based on environmental statutes and common law for personal injury and property damage allegedly caused by the release of hazardous substances or other waste material into the environment on or around our properties. There can be no assurance that our defense of such claims will be successful. A successful claim against us could have an adverse effect on our business prospects, financial condition and results of operation.

The exploration, possible future development and any production phases of our business will be subject to federal, state and local environmental regulation. These regulations mandate, among other things, the maintenance of air and water quality standards and land reclamation and set out limitations on the generation, transportation, storage and disposal of solid and hazardous waste. Environmental legislation is evolving in a manner which will require stricter standards and enforcement, increased fines and penalties for non-compliance, more stringent environmental assessments, and a heightened degree of responsibility for companies and their officers, directors and employees. Future changes in environmental regulations, if any, may adversely affect our operations. If we fail to comply with any of the applicable environmental laws, regulations or permit requirements, we could face regulatory or judicial sanctions. Penalties imposed by either the courts or administrative bodies could delay or stop our operations or require a considerable capital expenditure.

***Competition in the mining industry is intense, and we have limited financial and personnel resources with which to compete.***

Competition in the mining industry for desirable properties, investment capital, equipment and personnel is intense. Numerous companies headquartered in the United States, Canada and elsewhere throughout the world compete for properties on a global basis. We are currently an insignificant participant in the mining industry due to our limited financial and personnel resources. We may be unable to attract the necessary investment capital or strategic partners to fully develop our mineral properties, acquire other desirable properties, attract and hire necessary personnel, or purchase necessary equipment.

***Dependence on our ability to hire qualified contractors required to conduct exploration drill programs and the ability to hire qualified and experienced technical staff and/or consultants materially impacts our business operations. In addition, we are dependent upon our workforce being able to safely perform their jobs, including the potential for physical injuries or illness.***

Future success is dependent on our ability to identify, hire, train and retain other qualified contractors, technical staff and consultants. Competition for these entities and individuals is intense, and we may not be able to attract, assimilate, or retain qualified contractors and technical personnel. Failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our planned advancement of the Richmond Hill heap leach project will require personnel with specific heap leach and mine building experience. These skills are unique and may be difficult to acquire.

Our success is also dependent on the contributions of our highly skilled and experienced workforce. Our ability to achieve our operating goals depends upon our ability to recruit, hire, retain and develop qualified and diverse personnel to execute on our strategy. There continues to be competition over highly skilled personnel in our industry. If we lose key personnel, or one or more members of our senior management team, and we fail to develop adequate succession plans, or if we fail to hire, retain and develop qualified and diverse employees, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be harmed.

Our business is dependent upon our workforce being able to safely perform their jobs, including the potential for physical injuries or illness. If we experience periods where our employees are unable to perform their jobs for any reason, including as a result of illness (such as a health pandemic), our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be adversely affected.

***We will be subject to operating hazards and risks that may adversely affect our financial condition.***

Exploration involves many risks, which even a combination of experience, knowledge and careful evaluation may not be able to overcome. Our operations will be subject to all the hazards and risks normally incidental to exploration, development and production, such as unusual or unexpected formations, cave-ins or pollution, all of which could result in work stoppages, damage to property and possible environmental damage. Payment of any liabilities as a result could have a materially adverse effect upon the Company’s financial condition.

***Uncertainty of agreements to secure access to property from adjacent landowners may affect our ability to remain in business.***

Our potential revenue and profitability based upon our exploitation and development of the Black Hills Property may be contingent upon our gaining additional access to the properties through ingress and egress routes that are owned by private landowners. We may require agreements with those landowners to facilitate ingress and egress to our properties. If we fail to enter into such agreements on favorable terms, we may have difficulty conducting exploration, development and mining operations, which may result in our inability to implement our business plans.

In some instances, we own or control mineral rights without the attendant surface rights. South Dakota law provides a process for holders of mineral rights to explore and develop their mineral rights without ownership of surface rights, but the mineral right holder must negotiate access and compensation.

***Increased cybersecurity vulnerabilities and threats, and more sophisticated and targeted cyber-attacks and other security incidents, pose risks to our systems, data and business and our relationships with third parties.***

In the course of conducting our business, we may hold or have access to sensitive, confidential, proprietary or personal data or information belonging to us, our employees or third parties. Increased cybersecurity vulnerabilities and threats, and more sophisticated and targeted cyber-attacks and other security incidents, pose risks to our and our third-party service providers’ systems, data, and business, and the confidentiality, availability and integrity of our and our employees’ data. Given the increasing frequency, sophistication and complexity of cyber-attacks, cyber-attacks now could occur routinely, and it is possible that one could go undetected and persist for an extended period. Any investigation of a cyber-attack or other security incident is inherently unpredictable and takes time before the completion of any investigation and before there is availability of full and reliable information. During such time we do not necessarily know the extent of the harm or how best to remediate it, and certain errors or actions could be repeated or compounded before they are discovered and remediated, all or any of which would further increase the costs and consequences of the cyber-attack or other security incident. We may be required to expend significant resources to protect against, respond to, and recover from any cyber-attacks and other security incidents. As cyber-attacks continue to evolve, we may be required to expend significant additional resources to continue to modify or enhance our protective measures or to investigate and remediate any information security vulnerabilities. In addition, our remediation efforts may not be successful. The inability to implement, maintain and upgrade adequate safeguards could materially and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Despite our and our third-party service providers’ efforts to protect our data and information, we and our service providers may be vulnerable to security breaches, theft, misplaced or lost data, programming errors, phishing attacks, denial of service attacks, acts of vandalism, computer viruses, malware, ransomware, employee errors and/or malfeasance or similar events, including those perpetrated by criminals or nation-state actors, that could potentially lead to the compromise, unauthorized access, use, disclosure, modification or destruction of data or information, improper use of our systems and operational disruptions. To date we have experienced no material losses from cyber-attacks. In addition, a cyber-attack or any other significant compromise or breach of our data security, media reports about such an incident, whether accurate or not, or, under certain circumstances, our failure to make adequate or timely disclosures to the public, law enforcement agencies or affected individuals following any such event, whether due to delayed discovery or a failure to follow existing protocols, could adversely impact our operating results and result in other negative consequences, including damage to our reputation or competitiveness, harm to our relationships with partners and other third parties, distraction to our management, remediation or increased protection costs, significant litigation or regulatory actions, fines and penalties.

***Possible future amendments to the General Mining Law and other regulations could make it more difficult or impossible for us to execute our business plan.***

In recent years, the U.S. Congress has considered a number of proposed amendments to the General Mining Law, as well as legislation that would make comprehensive changes to the law. Although no such comprehensive legislation has been adopted to date, there can be no assurance that such legislation will not be adopted in the future. If adopted, such legislation, if it includes concepts that have been part of previous legislative proposals, could, among other things, (i) limit the number of millsites that a claimant may use, (ii) impose time limits on the effectiveness of plans of operation that may not coincide with mine life, (iii) impose more stringent environmental compliance and reclamation requirements on activities on unpatented mining claims and millsites, (iv) establish a mechanism that would allow states, localities and Native American tribes to petition for the withdrawal of identified tracts of federal land from the operation of the General Mining Law, (v) allow for administrative determinations that mining would not be allowed in situations where undue degradation of the federal lands in question could not be prevented, (vi) impose royalties on gold and other mineral production from unpatented mining claims or impose fees on production from patented mining claims, and (vii) impose a fee on the amount of material displaced at a mine. Further, such legislation, if enacted, could have an adverse impact on earnings from our exploration operations, could reduce future estimates of any reserves we may establish and could curtail our future exploration activity on our unpatented claims.

***We do not know if our properties contain any gold, silver or other minerals that can be mined at a profit.***

Natural resource exploration and exploring for gold and silver, in particular, is a business that by its nature is very speculative. Although the properties on which we have the right to explore for minerals are known to have historic deposits of gold or silver, there can be no assurance such deposits can be mined at a profit. Whether a gold or silver deposit can be mined at a profit depends upon many factors. Some but not all of these factors include: the particular attributes of the deposit, such as size, grade and proximity to infrastructure; operating costs including labor and technology costs and capital expenditures required to start mining a deposit; the availability and cost of financing; the price of gold and silver, which is highly volatile and cyclical; and government regulations, including regulations relating to prices, taxes, royalties, land use, importing and exporting of minerals and environmental protection.

***We have released an estimate of mineral resources for our Richmond Hill Gold Project; however, estimates of mineral resources are uncertain.***

On February 6, 2025, the Company announced the February 2025 IA containing an estimated mineral resource as defined by S-K 1300 for the Richmond Hill Gold Project. Estimates of mineral resources are subject to considerable uncertainty. Such estimates are largely based on the market prices of metals, as well as interpretations of geologic data obtained from drill holes and other exploration techniques. These prices and interpretations are subject to change. If the Company determines that certain estimated mineral resources have become uneconomic, it may be forced to reduce its estimates. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that estimates of mineral resources will be upgraded to mineral reserves or may ultimately be extracted.

### Our properties are in the exploration stage.

The Company has not established that any of its projects or properties contain mineral reserves as defined by S-K 1300. There is no assurance that we will establish the existence of any mineral reserves on those projects in commercially exploitable quantities. If we do not establish the existence of mineral reserves on those projects, we may lose all of the funds that we expend on exploration.

The commercial viability of an established mineral deposit will depend on a number of factors including, by way of example, the size, grade and other attributes of the mineral or metal deposit, the proximity of the resource to infrastructure, roads and a point for shipping, government regulation and market prices. Most of these factors will be beyond our control, and any of them could increase costs and make extraction of any identified mineral resource unprofitable.

### Our exploration and extraction activities may not be commercially successful.

While we believe there are positive indicators that our properties may contain commercially exploitable minerals, such belief has been based solely on preliminary tests that we have conducted, and data provided by third parties. Item 2 Properties contains a description of our Quality Assurance program over our testing and use of data. There can be no assurance that the tests and data upon which we have relied is correct or accurate. Moreover, mineral exploration is highly speculative in nature, involves many risks and is frequently non-productive. Unusual or unexpected geologic formations and the inability to obtain suitable or adequate machinery, equipment or labor are risks involved in the conduct of exploration programs.

***The nature of mineral exploration and production activities involves a high degree of risk and the possibility of uninsured losses.***

The business of exploring for and extracting minerals and metals involves a high degree of risk. Few properties are ultimately developed into producing mines. Whether a mineral deposit can be commercially viable depends upon a number of factors, including the particular attributes of the deposit, including size, grade and proximity to infrastructure, metal prices, which can be highly variable, and government regulation, including environmental and reclamation obligations. These factors are not within our control. Uncertainties as to the metallurgical amenability of any minerals discovered may not warrant the mining of these metals or minerals using available technology. Our operations are, and any future mining operations or construction we may conduct will be, subject to all the operating hazards and risks normally incident to exploring for and developing mineral or metal properties, such as, but not limited to:

- fluctuation in production costs that make mining uneconomic,
- social, community or labor disputes resulting in work stoppages or delays, or related loss of social acceptance of community support,
- changes to legal and regulatory requirements,
- encountering unusual or unexpected formations,
- environmental hazards, noxious fumes and gases,
- ground and water conditions,
- difficult surface or underground conditions,
- industrial accidents,
- security incidents,
- failure of unproven or evolving technologies or loss of information integrity or data,
- metallurgical and other processing problems,
- mechanical and equipment performance problems,
- failure of pit walls, dams, declines, drifts and shafts,
- personal injury,
- fire, cave-ins, seismic activity, flooding, landslides or other inclement weather conditions, including those impacting operations or the ability to access and supply sites,
- unanticipated variations in grades of minerals or metals and other geologic problems, and
- decrease in the value of mineralized material due to lower gold, silver and metal prices.

If we determine that capitalized costs associated with any of our mineral interests are not likely to be recovered, we will incur a write-down on our investment in such property interests. All these factors may result in losses in relation to amounts spent which are not recoverable. The payment of any liabilities that arise from any such occurrence would have a material, adverse impact on our Company.

***Market forces or unforeseen developments may prevent us from obtaining the supplies and equipment necessary to explore for gold, silver and other minerals.***

Competitive demands for contractors and unforeseen shortages of supplies and/or equipment could result in the disruption of our planned exploration activities. Current demand for exploration drilling services, equipment and supplies is robust and could result in suitable equipment and skilled manpower being unavailable at scheduled times for our exploration program. The recent inflationary environment has also resulted in a significant increase in costs. If we cannot find the equipment and supplies needed for our various exploration programs, we may have to suspend some or all of them until equipment, supplies, funds and/or skilled manpower become available. Any such disruption in our activities may adversely affect our exploration activities and financial condition.

***We may be denied the government licenses and permits that we need to explore or mine on our properties.***

Exploration activities usually require the granting of permits from various governmental agencies. For example, exploration drilling on unpatented mineral claims requires a permit to be obtained from the United States BLM, which may take several months or longer to grant the requested permit. Depending on the size, location and scope of the exploration program, additional permits may also be required before exploration activities can be undertaken. Prehistoric or Native American graveyards, threatened or endangered species, archeological sites or the possibility thereof, difficult access, excessive dust and important nearby water resources may all result in the need for additional permits before exploration activities can commence. As with all permitting processes, there is the risk that unexpected delays and excessive costs may be experienced in obtaining required permits. The needed permits may not be granted at all. Delays in or our inability to obtain necessary permits will result in unanticipated costs, which may result in serious adverse effects upon our business.

Local authorities, usually counties through the conditional use permit process, also exercise some control over mining activity. Local government decisions may be subject to challenge through administrative, legal, or political processes. The various permits address issues such as prospecting, development, production, labor standards, taxes, occupational health and safety, toxic substances, air quality, water use, water discharge, water quality, noise, dust, wildlife impacts, as well as other environmental and socioeconomic issues.

***We may not be able to maintain the infrastructure necessary to conduct exploration and development activities.***

Our exploration and development activities depend upon adequate infrastructure. Reliable roads, bridges, power sources and water supply are important factors which affect capital and operating costs. Climate change or unusual or infrequent weather phenomena, sabotage, government or other interference in the maintenance or provision of such infrastructure could adversely affect our exploration activities and financial condition.

***Our exploration activities may be adversely affected by the local climate or seismic events, which could prevent us from gaining access to our property year-round.***

Earthquakes, heavy rains, snowstorms, hailstorms, windstorms, tornadoes, wildfires and floods could result in serious damage to or the destruction of facilities, equipment or means of access to our property, or may otherwise prevent us from conducting exploration activities on our property. Some of these conditions are not insurable or not insurable at a reasonable cost. There also may be periods of time when the unpaved portion of the access road is impassible in the event of extreme weather conditions or unusually muddy conditions. During these periods, it may be difficult or impossible for us to access our property, make repairs, or otherwise conduct exploration activities on them.

***We may acquire additional mining properties in the future and our business may be negatively impacted if mineral reserves are not located on acquired properties or if we are unable to successfully execute and/or integrate the acquisitions.***

We have in the past, and may in the future, acquire additional mining properties. There can be no assurance that reserves will be identified on any properties that we acquire. We may experience negative reactions from the financial markets if we complete acquisitions of additional properties and reserves are not located on acquired properties. There can be no assurance that we will be able to complete any acquisitions successfully, or that any acquisition will achieve anticipated synergies or other positive results. Any material problems that we encounter in connection with such an acquisition could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial position. These factors may adversely affect the trading price of our common stock.

***Our business may be disrupted, and its financial results may be materially adversely affected, by any future pandemic.***

Any pandemic may pose a risk to the Company’s business. If a significant portion of the Company’s workforce becomes unable to work due to illness or state or federal government restrictions (including travel restrictions and “shelter-in-place” and similar orders restricting certain activities that may be issued or extended by authorities), the Company may be forced to reduce or suspend exploration activities, which may impact liquidity and financial results. These restrictions have significantly disrupted economic activity in both the world, national and local economies and have caused volatility in capital markets.

To the extent any pandemic materially adversely affects the Company’s business and financial results, as discussed above, it may also have the effect of heightening many of the other risks described in this *Risk Factors* section, such as those relating to operation, indebtedness, and financing. The Company is unable to predict the ultimate adverse impact of any pandemic on the business, which will depend on numerous evolving factors and future developments, including the pandemic’s ongoing effect on the demand for gold and silver, as well as the response of the overall economy and the financial markets after the pandemic and response measures come to an end, the timing of which remains highly unpredictable.

***Global and regional political and economic conditions could adversely impact our business and operations.***

Political and economic shifts, both domestic and international, may create uncertainty and pose risks to the Company’s business. Events such as the Russia/Ukraine war, the conflicts in the Middle East, terrorism and other geopolitical instability that broadly impact the global or domestic economy or natural resource industry could have significant and sometimes adverse impact on the natural resource industry and, subsequently, our business. Policies related to populism, protectionism, economic nationalism, and attitudes toward multinational corporations could result in regulatory changes, trade barriers, or investment restrictions. Additionally, international trade disputes—including tariffs, counter-tariffs, export controls, sanctions, and currency regulations—may increase costs and disrupt supply chain, operating model, and customer relationships.

Further, market volatility, driven by shifts in U.S. and foreign trade policies, fluctuating interest rates, or currency controls may affect gold and silver prices, capital availability, and investor confidence. Even the perception of these risks could lead to reduced investment, higher production costs, and operational challenges. If such trends continue, they may have a material adverse effect on the business and financial performance.

### Risks Associated with Our Common Stock

***Investors’ interests in us will be diluted, and investors may suffer dilution in their earnings per share, if we issue additional shares or raise funds through the sale of equity securities.***

On May 18, 2023, pursuant to the authorization and approval provided by the stockholders at the Company’s annual general meeting, the Company increased its authorized shares of common stock to 300,000,000 shares. As of March 25, 2026, we have 133,517,177 shares of common stock issued and outstanding. The issuance of any additional shares to raise financing would be dilutive. If we issue any such additional shares, such issuances will cause a reduction in the proportionate ownership and voting power of all other stockholders.

### Trading in our common stock is volatile.

Our common stock is currently listed on the NYSE American LLC (“NYSE American”). The trading price of our common stock has been subject to wide fluctuations. Trading prices of our common stock may fluctuate in response to a number of factors, many of which will be beyond our control. In addition to other risk factors identified in this Form 10-K and due to volatility associated with equity securities in general, the value of a shareholder’s investment could decline due to the impact of numerous factors upon the market price of our common stock, including:

- changes in the worldwide price for the metals we intend to mine;
- adverse results from our exploration, development, or production efforts;
- producing at rates lower than those targeted;
- political and regulatory risks and social unrest, including geopolitical conflicts;
- weather conditions and extreme weather events, including unusually heavy rains;
- failure to meet our operating budget;
- decline in demand for our common stock;
- downward revisions in securities analysts’ estimates or changes in global financial markets and global economies and general market conditions;
- technological innovations by competitors or in competing technologies;
- investor perception of our industry or our prospects;
- lawsuits;
- economic impact from spread of disease;
- our ability to integrate and operate the companies and the businesses that we acquire;
- interest rate levels and expectations of future changes in interest rates;
- actions by government or central banks; and
- general economic trends.

The NYSE American has generally experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of companies in the development stage. There can be no assurance that trading prices previously experienced by our common stock will be matched or maintained. These broad market and industry factors may adversely affect the market price of our common stock, regardless of our operating performance. In the past, following periods of volatility in the market price of a company’s securities, securities class-action litigation has often been instituted. Such litigation, if instituted, could result in substantial costs and a diversion of management’s attention and resources.

***Because of the early stage of exploration and the nature of our business, our securities are considered highly speculative.***

Mineral resource exploration is a speculative business, characterized by a number of significant risks including, among other things, unprofitable efforts resulting not only from the failure to discover valuable deposits, but from finding deposits which, though present, are insufficient in quantity and quality to return a profit from production. The marketability of resources acquired or discovered by us may be affected by numerous factors which are beyond our control and which cannot be accurately predicted, such as market fluctuations, the proximity and capacity of milling facilities, mineral markets and processing equipment and such other factors as government regulation, including regulations relating to royalties, allowable production and environmental protection, the combination of which factors may result in our company not generating an adequate return on investment capital.

***The sale of our common stock by existing stockholders may depress the price of our common stock due to the limited trading market that exists.***

Any sales of a significant amount of common stock by existing stockholders may depress the price of our common stock and the price of our common stock may decline.

***Our officers and directors own a significant portion of our common stock, which could limit your ability to influence the outcome of any stockholder vote.***

As of March 25, 2026, our directors and officers as a group hold approximately 8% of our outstanding common stock. As a result, these individuals may be able to influence the outcome of stockholder votes for the foreseeable future, including votes concerning the election of directors, amendments to our articles of incorporation or proposed mergers or other significant corporate transactions. The interests of our directors and officers in these matters may not always align with the interests of some of our stockholders.

***We are an emerging growth company and a smaller reporting company within the meaning of the Securities Act, and if we take advantage of certain exemptions from disclosure requirements available to “emerging growth companies” or “smaller reporting companies,” this could make our securities less attractive to investors and may make it more difficult to compare our performance with other public companies.***

We are an “emerging growth company” within the meaning of the Securities Act, as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (the “JOBS Act”), and we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. As a result, our shareholders may not have access to certain information they may deem important. We could be an emerging growth company until December 31, 2027, which is the end of the fiscal year in which the 5th anniversary of our initial public offering occurred, although circumstances could cause us to lose that status earlier, including if the market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of June 30th 2026, which is the last business day of our second fiscal quarter, in which case we would no longer be an emerging growth company as of the following January 1st, which is the beginning of the our fiscal year. We cannot predict whether investors will find our securities less attractive because we will rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our securities less attractive as a result of our reliance on these exemptions, the trading prices of our securities may be lower than they otherwise would be, there may be a less active trading market for our securities and the trading prices of our securities may be more volatile.

Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such an election to opt out is irrevocable. We have elected not to opt out of such extended transition period which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, we, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of our consolidated financial statements with another public company which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.

Additionally, we are a “smaller reporting company” as defined in Item 10(f)(1) of Regulation S-K. Smaller reporting companies may take advantage of certain reduced disclosure obligations, including, among other things, providing only two years of audited consolidated financial statements. To the extent we take advantage of such reduced disclosure obligations, it may also make comparison of our consolidated financial statements with other public companies difficult or impossible.

## Cybersecurity

As filed, 3,935 characters.

### Risk Management and Strategy

We have established policies and processes for assessing, identifying, and managing material risk from cybersecurity threats, and have integrated these processes into our overall risk management systems and processes. We routinely assess material risks from cybersecurity threats, including any potential unauthorized occurrence on or conducted through our information systems that may result in adverse effects on the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of our information systems or any information residing therein.

We conduct periodic risk assessments to identify cybersecurity threats, as well as assessments in the event of a material change in our business practices that may affect information systems that are vulnerable to such cybersecurity threats. These risk assessments include identification of reasonably foreseeable internal and external risks, the likelihood and potential damage that could result from such risks, and the sufficiency of existing policies, procedures, systems, and safeguards in place to manage such risks.

We engage certain third-party service providers to perform a variety of functions within our business and seek to ensure that we work with reliable, reputable service providers that maintain cybersecurity programs. Depending on the nature of the services provided, the sensitivity and quantity of information processed, and the identity of the service provider, our vendor management process may include reviewing provider cybersecurity practices, conducting provider security assessments, and conducting periodic provider reassessments during their engagement.

### Governance

One of the key functions of our Board of Directors (the “Board”) is informed oversight of our risk management process, including risks from cybersecurity threats. Our Board is responsible for monitoring and assessing strategic risk exposure, and management is responsible for the day-to-day management of any material risks that may arise. The Board receives periodic updates from management regarding cybersecurity matters and is notified between such updates regarding any significant new cybersecurity threats or incidents. While we do not believe that there are currently any known risks from cybersecurity threats that are reasonably likely to materially affect us or our business strategy, results of operations or financial condition, such threats could occur nonetheless.

Management is responsible for the operational oversight of company-wide cybersecurity strategy, policy, and standards across relevant departments to assess and help prepare us to address cybersecurity risks, with assistance from third-party service providers. Primary responsibility for our cybersecurity risk management program resides with cross functional senior leadership team from Information Technology, Finance, and Operations. As part of our overall risk management system, we monitor and test our safeguards and train our employees on these safeguards. Personnel at all levels and departments are made aware of our cybersecurity policies through training.

The team has relevant cybersecurity expertise, including past experience in information security, prior roles overseeing security operations / incident response / security engineering, and relevant certifications and/or degrees or training in cybersecurity or related fields. The team is responsible for developing and executing our cybersecurity strategy, policies, and controls; overseeing prevention, detection, mitigation, and remediation activities; and managing third party security assessments as appropriate.

### Cybersecurity Threats

During the year ended December 31, 2025, we have not identified an indication of a cybersecurity incident that would have a material impact on our business and consolidated financial statements.

For further discussion of cybersecurity risks, please refer to *Item 1A. Risk Factors.*

## Properties

As filed, 35,908 characters.

### Overview

Dakota Gold has 100% ownership of 2,147 unpatented claims and a combination of surface leases and/or ownership covering a total of approximately 49,546 acres located in the Homestake District in Black Hills of South Dakota. These properties include Maitland, the Barrick Option property and the Richmond Hill Project upon exercise of each of their underlying option agreements.

As of December 31, 2025, Dakota Gold has not established mineral reserves within the meaning of S-K 1300 on any of its properties and the Company is therefore in the exploration stage and has not commenced amortization of its claims or leases. All exploration expenditures are expensed as incurred.

The aggregated individual claims, properties, options, and leases are referred to herein as the “Black Hills Property”. The map shown below shows the location of the Black Hills Property.

### Detail Map Showing Claims and Leases of the Black Hills Property

Prior to 2022, exploration by Dakota Gold on its properties has been limited to field sampling programs, field mapping programs, geophysical surveys, and a campaign to acquire historical data sets that were known to exist for its property and the balance of the greater Homestake District. In late January 2022, Dakota Gold started its first drilling program and has since expanded its drilling programs to key project areas.

A large portion of the important historical data has been acquired, digitized, and assembled into a new database in electronic form. In the case of historical geophysical data, the data has or is being digitized and reprocessed. Exploration data compilation is an ongoing activity as Homestake District-wide historical information is constantly being identified and incorporated from historical Homestake data acquired as part of land option agreements and from local public archival sources. This historical information is being augmented by active data collection in the field thru mapping, sampling and using remote geophysical methods.

Exploration plans and budgets have been prepared for the Richmond Hill and Maitland project areas. Maitland and Richmond Hill properties currently have permits that have been authorized by the South Dakota Division of Environment and Natural Resources (“SDDANR”). Current exploration plans may be modified pending the ongoing modeling and interpretation of the Company’s airborne magnetic and radiometric survey data acquired in 2020 and 2021 and an IP-Resistivity survey completed at Richmond Hill in 2022. Dakota Gold’s technical team continues to model using its geophysics, geology and geochemistry data sets to improve its ability to map and project lithology and structure in covered areas and/or where the company has less historical data.

Dakota Gold’s Black Hills Property has well-developed power infrastructure. All of Dakota Gold’s claims and leases have power on the property now or have nearby access to power with the potential to be upgraded for production if exploration proves successful.

The Homestake District is a favorable geologic gold setting with three unique gold deposit types that have yielded approximately 45 million ounces of gold production over the past 140 years, including Proterozoic-age Homestake iron-formation hosted gold deposits, Tertiary-age replacement gold deposits and Cambrian paleoplacer gold deposits.

Dakota Gold has based the acquisition of its Black Hills claims, surface and mineral acreage and lease position on more than 50 years of combined mining and exploration experience in the Homestake Mining Company and the knowledge gained from previous exploration and mining efforts. Dakota Gold believes that its properties hold exploration targets for all three gold deposit types known to exist in the Homestake District.

The Homestake District has well-developed infrastructure and an existing experienced mining and exploration workforce. South Dakota’s regulatory authorities have historically demonstrated a willingness to work with responsible operators to permit well-planned, compliant projects, and South Dakota’s exploration and mining regulations are reasonable and comparable to other mining jurisdictions within the United States.

Dakota Gold’s business strategy is to advance the Richmond Hill gold resource towards eventual production and to discover another Homestake-style deposit in the iron-formation host that is distributed across the Homestake District. In addition, Dakota Gold will evaluate and explore for large Tertiary gold deposits, including a potential resource at the Unionville Zone, of which there are several deposit styles known to exist in the Northern Black Hills. Dakota Gold continues to expand its land position in the Homestake District with the objective of simultaneously developing gold targets that could be brought into production in the near term.

On April 30, 2024, the Company announced an initial mineral resource estimate under S-K 1300 for the Richmond Hill Project. The mineral resource estimate was derived from a historical database containing 69,401 gold assays from more than 900 drill holes, including 57 drill holes from Dakota Gold’s own drill program completed prior to October 5, 2023.

The Company released an updated S-K 1300 mineral resource estimate for the Richmond Hill Project on February 6, 2025. This updated resource is informed by a historical database containing 56,734 gold assays from 902 drill holes totaling 90,447 meters (296,743 feet) of drilling, and an additional 30,743 gold and silver assays from 146 drill holes totaling 45,540 meters (149,410 feet) of drilling by Dakota Gold. Note that the S-K 1300 database consisted of 910 historical holes (299,888 feet) and 148 Dakota Gold holes (157,504 feet) but 8 historical holes and 2 Dakota Gold holes were outside of the model limits so were not used in the S-K 1300. The resource established in the February 2025 IA was used for the IACF released in July 2025.

The Company has an overall land package of over 49,500 acres, with approximately 13,200 acres of private land and the remainder of Dakota Gold’s property position is held under unpatented, federal mining claims on US Forest Service (“USFS”) or Bureau of Land Management (“BLM”) administered lands. Federal unpatented mining claims have annual claim maintenance fees of $200 per claim and are due before September 1st of each year.

For exploration work on unpatented mining claims, notice must be filed with and approved by the USFS or BLM, and the SDDANR prior to undertaking any exploration activities. The notice describes the proposed exploration activities and any remedial reclamation deemed necessary. The various government agencies review the application to ensure there will be no deleterious impacts because of activity on the claims prior to granting any approvals for the proposed work.

In addition, a portion of Dakota Gold’s mineral rights are composed of various ownerships of patented mineral rights including private surface lands with mineral rights, mineral rights severed from surface title and a few parcels of private surface with severed mineral rights. These lands are held 100% by the company but are in some cases controlled through option to purchase agreements subject to other obligations. These are identified in the individual property discussions below.

Exploration drilling done on private surface lands requires, in most cases, a notice be filed with the SDDANR prior to undertaking any exploration activities. The notice describes the proposed exploration activities and any remedial reclamation deemed necessary. The SDDANR reviews the application to ensure there will be no deleterious impacts because of activity prior to granting any approvals, including conditions for the proposed work.

The table below summarizes the individual land positions comprising each project or option within the greater Dakota Gold Black Hills Property as at December 31, 2025.

| ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Project Name ​ | ​ ​ Black Hills Property Land Package Patented ​ ​ ​ Acres ​ | ​ ​ # Unpatented ​ ​ ​ Claims ​ | ​ ​ Unpatented ​ ​ ​ Acres ​ | ​ ​ Total Acres |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| Richmond Hill Project | 3,001 | 2 | 1 | 3,002 |
| Maitland Project | 2,357 | 9 | 50 | 2,407 |
| Homestake Option (surface) | 4,261 | — | — | 4,261 |
| Other | 3,660 | 2,136 | 36,216 | 39,876 |
| **Summary** | **13,279** | **2,147** | **36,267** | **49,546** |

Of the various properties that comprise the Black Hills Property, the Richmond Hill Project is the only one that we view as individually material for purposes of S-K 1300, as the Richmond Hill Project is the only project upon which we have estimated mineral resources within the meaning of S-K 1300. The Company has announced a 2026 drilling program with the objective of announcing a maiden resource at our Maitland Project by the end of 2026. Detailed information about the Richmond Hill Project and certain other properties within the Black Hills Property is below.

### Richmond Hill Project

### Background and Ownership Rights

The Richmond Hill Project is comprised of more than 3,000 acres of private surface and mineral rights. It includes the past-producing Richmond Hill mine and the historical mines of the Carbonate District, as well as multiple prospective areas where gold has been drill-intersected.

The historic Richmond Hill mine is in the historical Carbonate Mining District approximately five miles northwest of Lead, South Dakota, in the northern Black Hills. Mining in the area started in the 1870s, during the gold-rush era, and continued until the silver price collapsed in the 1880s. Prior to 1981, the Richmond Hill land package included most of the Carbonate camp. Between the 1980s and 1990s, various companies conducted exploration of the area. Barrick acquired the property in 1994.

Multiple facilities related to the historical Richmond Hill mine still exist on the Richmond Hills Project property, including a water treatment plant and maintenance and storage buildings. Containment ponds are still operational, although an impermeable clay membrane has capped the open pit and leach pads. One of three wells that supplied water to the historic Richmond Hill mine is still active. There is a public access road to the site and a power line to operate the current water treatment facilities. As the site is in reclamation, there is no current book value associated with the assets for Barrick.

On October 14, 2021, Dakota Gold entered into an option agreement (the “Richmond Hill Option Agreement”) to acquire 100% of Barrick’s interest in the Richmond Hill property (the “Richmond Hill Option”). Under the original terms of the Richmond Hill Option Agreement, Dakota Gold had a three-year option to acquire 2,126 acres of surface and mineral rights with attendant facilities. In consideration for the Richmond Hill Option, Dakota Gold agreed to issue 400,000 shares of Dakota Gold common stock to Barrick and made annual option payments of $100,000 during the option period. Under the original terms of the Richmond Hill Option Agreement, Dakota Gold had the right to exercise the Richmond Hill Option on or before September 7, 2024, by assuming all liabilities and bonds associated with the Richmond Hill Property. In addition, on exercise of the Richmond Hill Option, Dakota Gold will issue Barrick an additional 400,000 shares of Dakota Gold common stock and grant a 1% net smelter royalty (“NSR”) to Barrick with respect to any minerals that may be recovered from the Richmond Hill Property. In September 2023, Dakota Gold and Barrick amended the Richmond Hill Option Agreement to extend the option period to March 7, 2026 and increase the Richmond Hill Project size by an additional 489 mineral acres, bringing the total mineral acreage for the Richmond Hill Project to approximately 2,615 mineral acres at that time. On February 6, 2025, the Company announced that Barrick had agreed to extend the option period for the Richmond Hill Option Agreement until December 31, 2028, in return for additional annual cash payments of $170,000 and $340,000, respectively, combined as an annual payment of $510,000 on each of March 1, 2026 (paid), March 1, 2027 and March 1, 2028.

In addition to the Richmond Hill Option Agreement properties, the Company includes 387 acres of owned surface and mineral rights from contiguous parcels of land in the Richmond Hill Project, thereby increasing the acreage total for the Richmond Hill Project to approximately 3,002 mineral acres.

### Location and Access

The Richmond Hill Project is located in the western portion of Lawrence County, South Dakota, USA. More specifically the property lies within the Black Hills Meridian, Township 5N, Range 2E covering portions of Sections 9, 10, 11, 13. 14, 15, 16, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 27, and 34. The Project property is contiguous to Dakota Gold’s West Corridor and Blind Gold properties and is located approximately 1/2 mile north of the producing Wharf Gold Mine (Coeur Mining). Access to the Richmond Hill property is gained by traveling 1 mile southwest of Lead SD on Highway 85/14A to State Highway 473 and then traveling west approximately 3.2 miles to Wharf Mine Road and continuing west approximately 1.2 miles before turning and traveling 1 mile north on the Richmond Hill Road.

The location of the Richmond Hill Project is shown below:

### Richmond Hill Project Location

The Richmond Hill Project is within five miles of the towns of Lead and Deadwood. Dakota Gold has its base of operations in Lead, with separate facilities for office and core processing. The City of Spearfish, SD, is within 20 miles of the Richmond Hills Project. The cities of Sturgis and Rapid City are within 40 miles of the Richmond Hill Project. Most supplies can be obtained from Rapid City or Spearfish. Personnel for exploration or development programs may be sourced from or housed in the four nearby communities. A 69 kV transmission line supplies power to communities, and internal power is supplied by a 12.47 kV line to the Richmond Hill Gold Project site.

Major transportation systems, including road, rail, and air, exist proximally to the northern Black Hills. Rapid City has a major rail freight station and regional airport, while an Interstate highway passes through the city and wraps around the northern end of the Black Hills. Multiple facilities related to the historical Richmond Hill mine still exist on the Richmond Hills Project property, including a water treatment plant and maintenance and storage buildings. Containment ponds are still operational, although an impermeable clay membrane has capped the open pit and leach pads. Water for exploration drilling programs has been sourced locally and either pumped or trucked to the drills. One of three wells that supplied water to the historical Richmond Hill mine is still active.

### Prior Exploration and Operations

Modest historical mining activities occurred on the Richmond Hill property during the late 19th century. During this time, the only known production from the Richmond Hill property was from the Carbonate camp, which was primarily mined for lead and silver. The bulk of this production was from the Iron Hill mine. The mining was such that it supported a nearby town and smelter. Mining continued in this area until the silver price collapsed in the 1880s. An estimated 2,500 ounces of gold were produced from the Spanish R mine on the western side of the camp in the late 1800s.

More recently, Bond Gold (later acquired by LAC Minerals) produced gold and silver doré from the property beginning in 1988. The last mineralized material was hauled from the historical Richmond Hill mine pit in 1993 and efforts then shifted to reclamation activities. During this time, an estimated 172,294 ounces of gold and 212,610 ounces of silver were produced from the property.

### Geological Setting and Mineralization

The Black Hills of southwestern South Dakota is an isolated mountain range rising from the Great Plains of North America and extending north northwest into Wyoming. Several small rivers cut through the range, describing a roughly radial pattern, though most drainage is to the east. An ecological crossroad, the Black Hills contains wildlife and plant species typical of habitats of the Rocky Mountains, Great Plains, northern boreal forests, and eastern deciduous forests. The Richmond Hill Project sits at an altitude of approximately 6,000 feet, and the historical leach pad area is at approximately 5,600 feet elevation, about one mile north of the pit area.

The Richmond Hill Project is an important component of Dakota Gold’s exploration strategy for the Homestake District. The property includes the past producing Richmond Hill mine and the mines of the Carbonate District. The historical Richmond Hill mine produced ore from Tertiary breccias dominantly hosted within Precambrian units that were processed as an open pit, heap leach operation. Tertiary-aged replacement gold mineralization, as well as possible Precambrian iron formation hosted mineralization were identified during exploration programs in the 1980s and 1990s.

Gold mineralization in breccia pipe bodies had previously been identified in the Richmond Hill, Richmond Hill North, Twin Tunnels, and Turnaround Breccia Pipes by LAC Minerals (USA) LLC. Dakota Gold followed up on this earlier work, and, by the end of 2023, completed 72 drill holes for a total of 116,966 feet (35,651 meters) which tested portions of the Twin Tunnels, Turnaround and Richmond Hill Breccia Pipes. Only three of the six known breccia pipes exposed at the Richmond Hill Project have been subject to any drilling by the Company and all of the known breccia pipes on the Richmond Hill Project remain open and/or lack drill testing to depth.

In 2024, the Company completed an additional 80 drill holes resulting in a grand total of 152 holes at Richmond Hill and 160,902 feet (49,043 meters). This drilling was split between infill and step out drilling in a shallow oxide portion of the orebody in carbonate replacement deposits located adjacent to but northeast of the main breccia pipe orebodies. Breccia pipes are associated with the Tertiary alkalic magmatism that generated most of the Tertiary-aged gold deposits hosted in pipes-shapes breccias, basement metamorphic rocks, Tertiary intrusive and carbonate replacement deposits in the overlying Paleozoic sedimentary rocks throughout the Homestake District. A portion of the Richmond Hill deposit is comparable to the mineralization being mined at the nearby Wharf open pit gold mine.

In 2025, the Company completed an additional 211 core holes and an additional 31 reverse circulation rotary holes for a total of 87,681 feet (26,725 meters) and 7,725 feet (2,355 meters), respectively. The core holes were completed for acquiring material for future metallurgical test work and in several areas of potential infrastructure sites for condemnation purposes. Twenty-nine of the reverse circulation rotary holes were converted to water well monitoring wells for future environmental monitoring and permitting purposes.

### Permitting

The Company holds the permits required to conduct the infill and expansion drilling at the Richmond Hill Project that has been conducted to date. Future exploration and development drilling may require additional permits, which we currently anticipate we will be able to obtain in the ordinary course. Any future development or exploitation of the Richmond Hill Project would require significant additional regulatory review and future permits.

### Mineral Resource Estimate

The following table summarizes the estimated mineral resources at the Richmond Hill Project, including the assumptions:

### Richmond Hill Gold Project - Summary of Gold and Silver Mineral Resources as of February 3, 2025

| ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Resource Category ​ Leach Resource: | ​ ​ AuEq COG ​ ​ ​ (oz/t) ​ ​ | ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Ktons ​ ​ | ​ ​ AuEq ​ ​ ​ (oz/t) ​ ​ | ​ ​ Gold ​ ​ ​ (oz/t) ​ ​ | ​ ​ Silver ​ ​ ​ (oz/t) ​ ​ | ​ ​ Gold ​ ​ ​ (koz) ​ ​ | ​ Silver (koz) ​ |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| **Measured Mineral Resource** | ​ | **113,748** | **0.0164** | **0.0158** | **0.160** | **1,793.4** | **18,208** |
| Oxide | 0.0026 | 94,537 | 0.0165 | 0.0158 | 0.167 | 1,493.7 | 15,788 |
| Transition | 0.0041 | 19,211 | 0.0161 | 0.0156 | 0.126 | 299.7 | 2,421 |
| **Indicated Mineral Resource** | ​ | **156,019** | **0.0125** | **0.0119** | **0.128** | **1,860.0** | **19,884** |
| Oxide | 0.0026 | 127,237 | 0.0122 | 0.0117 | 0.128 | 1,488.7 | 16,286 |
| Transition | 0.0041 | 28,783 | 0.0134 | 0.0129 | 0.125 | 371.3 | 3,598 |
| **Measured + Indicated Mineral Resource** | ​ | **269,768** | **0.0141** | **0.0135** | **0.141** | **3,653.3** | **38,092** |
| Oxide | 0.0026 | 221,774 | 0.0140 | 0.0134 | 0.145 | 2,982.4 | 32,074 |
| Transition | 0.0041 | 47,994 | 0.0145 | 0.0140 | 0.125 | 671.0 | 6,018 |
| **Inferred Mineral Resource** | ​ | **254,186** | **0.0106** | **0.0103** | **0.090** | **2,613.4** | **22,787** |
| Oxide | 0.0026 | 211,994 | 0.0101 | 0.0098 | 0.085 | 2,077.5 | 18,019 |
| Transition | 0.0041 | 42,192 | 0.0131 | 0.0127 | 0.113 | 535.8 | 4,768 |
| **Mill Resource (Sulfides):** | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
| Measured Mineral Resource | 0.0050 | 20,703 | 0.0184 | 0.0165 | 0.151 | 341.6 | 3,126 |
| Indicated Mineral Resource | 0.0050 | 48,893 | 0.0147 | 0.0131 | 0.134 | 640.5 | 6,552 |
| **Measured + Indicated Mineral Resource** | **0.0050** | **69,596** | **0.0158** | **0.0141** | **0.139** | **982.1** | **9,678** |
| Inferred Mineral Resource | 0.0050 | 202,221 | 0.0139 | 0.0121 | 0.145 | 2,446.9 | 29,322 |
| **Leach and Mill Mineral Resource:** | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
| Measured Mineral Resource | ​ | 134,452 | 0.0167 | 0.0159 | 0.159 | 2,135.0 | 21,334 |
| Indicated Mineral Resource | ​ | 204,912 | 0.0130 | 0.0122 | 0.129 | 2,500.5 | 26,436 |
| **Measured + Indicated Mineral Resource** | ​ | **339,364** | **0.0145** | **0.0137** | **0.141** | **4,635.4** | **47,770** |
| Inferred Mineral Resource | ​ | 456,407 | 0.0121 | 0.0111 | 0.114 | 5,060.3 | 52,109 |

#### Notes:

1\. The mineral resource estimate has an effective date of February 3, 2025.

2\. All figures are rounded to reflect the relative accuracy of the estimate and therefore numbers may not appear to add precisely.

3\. Mineral resources that are not mineral reserves do not have demonstrated economic viability.

4\. Mineral resources estimates are based on prices of $2,000/oz gold and $25/oz silver.

5\. Mineral resources for leach material are based on a gold equivalent cut-off of 0.0026 oz/t for oxide material and 0.0041 oz/t for transition material. Mineral resources for mill material are based on a gold equivalent cut-off of 0.0050 oz/t.

6\. The gold equivalent value for each material is as follows:

- Oxide (Leach): Gold equivalent (oz/t) = gold (oz/t) + 0.00418 x silver (oz/t), based on gold recovery of 89% and silver recovery of 30%.
- Transition (Leach): Gold equivalent = gold (oz/t) + 0.00382 x silver (oz/t), based on gold recovery of 65% and silver recovery of 20%.
- Sulfide (Mill): Gold equivalent = gold (oz/t) + 0.0127 x silver (oz/t), based on gold recovery of 85% and silver recovery of 85%.

7\. The gold equivalent values account for metal recoveries, treatment charges, refining costs, and refinery payable percentages.

8\. Table 11-4 of the IA accompanies this mineral resource statement and shows all relevant parameters for mineral resources.

9\. Includes a preliminary estimated royalty rate of 3.8% averaged across the Richmond Hill Property. The QP has determined that the resource is not sensitive to nominal changes in the royalty rate but has recommended that this estimate be updated for the project economic and cash flow analysis.

10\. Mineral resources are reported in relation to a conceptual constraining pit shell to demonstrate reasonable prospects for economic extraction, as required by the definition of mineral resources S-K 1300; mineralization lying outside of the pit shell is excluded from the mineral resource.

11\. The mineral resource estimate is also constrained by the Richmond Hill Project Boundary. Only mineralization inside this boundary is included in the mineral resource estimate, though waste removal outside the boundary is allowed.

12\. The mineral resources reported are contained on mineral titles owned or controlled by Dakota Gold.

13\. The mineral resources are reported in-situ without any dilution or loss considerations, as a point of reference.

On July 7, 2025, the Company announced the IACF and the key parameters are presented below in Table 1. The IACF was filed by the Company with the SEC as an exhibit to its Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 7, 2025. The IACF was prepared by an independent group of Qualified Persons with M3 as the Study Manager.

Table 1: IACF base case overview and key parameters 1

| ​ (US$) Key Assumptions: Base Case Gold Price Base Case Silver Price Production Profile: | ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ | ​ ​ ​ M&I plan ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $2,350/oz ​ $29.00/oz ​ ​ ​ | ​ ​ ​ MI&I plan ​ ​ ​ $2,350/oz ​ $29.00/oz ​ ​ ​ |
| --- | --- | ---: | ---: |
| Total Tonnes Processed (Mt) | ​ | 168.3 ​ | 273.7 ​ |
| Strip Ratio | ​ | 0.66 ​ | 0.44 ​ |
| Heap Leach Feed Grade (oz/ton) | ​ | 0.017 ​ | 0.015 ​ |
| Heap Leach Feed Grade (g/t) | ​ | 0.566 ​ | 0.530 ​ |
| Mine Life (years) | ​ | 17 ​ | 28 ​ |
| Throughput (MTPA) | ​ | 10.0 ​ | 10.0 ​ |
| Gold Recovery (kozs) | ​ | 85.1% | 85.4% |
| Silver Recovery (kozs) | ​ | 28.7% | 28.8% |
| LOM Gold Payable (kozs) | ​ | 2,604 ​ | 3,982 ​ |
| LOM Silver Payable (kozs) | ​ | 8,737 ​ | 12,905 ​ |
| LOM Average Annual Gold Payable | ​ | 153,000 ​ | 142,000 ​ |
| **Unit Operating Costs:** | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ ​ |
| Total Operating Costs | ​ | $764 ​ | $820 ​ |
| Total Cash Costs | ​ | $857 ​ | $912 ​ |
| LOM AISC (Cash Cost plus Sustaining Cost) | ​ | $1,047 ​ | $1,050 ​ |
| **Capital Costs:** | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ ​ |
| Initial Capital Cost | ​ | $384.1 M | $383.4 M |
| Sustaining Capital Cost | ​ | $219.6 M | $232.6 M |
| Closure Capital Cost | ​ | $129.2 M | $73.0 M |
| After-tax NPV5% | ​ | $1.6 B | $2.1 B |
| After-tax IRR | ​ | 55% | 59% |

1 Abbreviations in the table include ounces (“oz”); measured and indicated plan (“M&I plan”); measured, indicated and inferred plan (“MI&I plan”) million tonnes (“Mt”); ounces per tonne (“oz/ton”); grams per tonne (“g/t”); million tonnes per annum (“MTPA”); thousand ounces (“Kozs”); life of mine (“LOM”); all-in sustaining costs (“AISC”); net present value (“NPV”); and internal rate of return (“IRR”).

### Maitland Project

The Maitland Project area is an important component of Dakota Gold’s exploration strategy for the structural corridor that extends from the Homestake Gold Mine to Dakota Gold’s Forest Service land at the northern end of the Homestake District. The Maitland property covers the iron formation extending from the Blind Gold property target at the north end to Homestake Mining Company’s North Drift gold discovery of the late 1980s to the south. In addition to Precambrian aged gold mineralization hosted within the iron formation, the property area holds several Tertiary-aged zones of mineralization, including historic mines (e.g., Maitland Mine) hosted in the younger Paleozoic sedimentary and Tertiary intrusive rocks.

The initial 37.8 mineral acres of the Maitland Project were acquired in April of 2017 through an Exploration and Mining Lease and Option to Purchase Property Agreement with Trucano Novelty Inc., of South Dakota. On October 26, 2020, Dakota Gold acquired 2,046.1 mineral-acres from Homestake Mining Company, a wholly owned subsidiary of Barrick (reduced after detailed title work completed). Pursuant to the terms of the definitive agreement, the Company paid consideration to Barrick comprised of $3.5 million cash and the issuance of 750,000 shares of Dakota Gold’s common stock. Additionally, Barrick retained a 2.5% net smelter returns royalty on the property. From August 2021 through March 2022, Dakota Gold purchased additional surface rights over existing mineral rights of approximately 273.5 acres to facilitate the exploration of the Maitland Property area. Two unpatented mineral claims were staked in late 2022 (6.4 acres) to cover fractional areas of interest on open BLM land. The project mineral rights now total 2,364 acres, all of which are located in the western portion of Lawrence County, South Dakota, USA within Black Hills Meridian, Township 5N, Range 2E, covering portions of Sections 12, 13, and 24, and Township 5N, Range 3E, covering portions of Sections 7, 8, 17, 18, 19 and 20. Annual claim maintenance fees total $400.

Access to the Maitland Gold Project is gained by traveling 2 miles north of Lead on Highway 85/14A to Central City/Blacktail and then turning and traveling northwest approximately 1.7 miles on the Maitland Road.

Dakota Gold began drilling at Maitland in 2022 and by the end of 2023 completed 36 drill holes extending over a distance totaling 127,857 feet (38,971 meters). On February 8, 2023, the Company announced the discovery of the Unionville Zone in MA22C-009, which intercepted Precambrian hosted, Tertiary-age, epithermal gold mineralization in a breccia located beneath Cambrian hosted Tertiary replacement gold mineralization on the horizon of the Maitland Mine in sedimentary cover. Then, on May 4, 2023, The Company announced the discovery of the JB Zone in MA23C-017, which intercepted high-grade, Precambrian mineralization over potentially mineable widths like mineralization from the Homestake mine. On August 1, 2023, the Company began using directional drilling equipment to accurately offset and step-out from the deeper JB Zone discovery intercept in MA23C-017, as well as, continuing an infilling program between widely spaced drill holes which identified the Unionville Zone and other high-grade intercepts of mineralization identified in earlier drilling like mineralization from the Homestake mine. Exploration drilling continued in 2024 and by the end of year, the Company had completed a total of 73 drill holes for 230,612 feet (70,291 meters) on the Maitland Project since initiating drilling activities in 2022.

The Company is planning a drilling program at the Maitland property in 2026. This drilling will focus on infill drilling in the Unionville Gold Zone announced in 2022 and early 2023. This infill and step-out drilling program will be conducted in the near surface, Tertiary-age portion of the gold system with the ultimate goal to produce a maiden resource by the end of 2026.

### Barrick Option

On September 7, 2021, Dakota Gold entered into a three-year option agreement (the “Barrick Option Agreement”) to acquire 4,261 acres of surface rights with attendant facilities and data held by Homestake Mining Company, a wholly owned subsidiary of Barrick (the “Barrick Option”). In consideration for the Barrick Option, Dakota Gold agreed to make a cash payment of $1.3 million, issue 1 million shares of Dakota Gold common stock to Barrick and make annual payments of $300,000 during the option period. Under the original terms of the Barrick Option Agreement, Dakota Gold had the right to exercise the Barrick Option on or before September 7, 2024, by assuming all liabilities and bonds currently held by Homestake within the Homestake District. In addition, on exercise of the Barrick Option, Dakota Gold will issue Barrick 3 million additional shares of Dakota Gold common stock and grant a 2.5% NSR to Barrick with respect to any gold that may be recovered from the Grizzly Gulch property (the “Grizzly Gulch”). On November 20, 2023, Dakota Gold and Barrick amended the Richmond Hill Option Agreement to extend the option period to March 7, 2026. On February 6, 2025, the Company announced that Barrick had agreed to extend the option period for the Barrick Option Agreement until December 31, 2028 in return for additional annual payments of $170,000 and $340,000, respectively, combined as an annual payment of $510,000 on each of March 1, 2026 (paid), March 1, 2027 and March 1, 2028.

The Barrick Option property is located in and around the City of Lead and lies within the Black Hills Meridian, Township 5 N, Range 3 E, covering portions of Sections 19, 20, 27, 28, 29, 30, 32, 33, and 34, and Township 4 N, Range3 E, covering portions of Sections 2, 3, 4, 9, 10, 11, 14, and 15.

Access to the Barrick Option property is gained from multiple public roads and highways including streets within the City of Lead, paved Highway 85/14A near Central City, US Highway 385 at Pluma, and via Lawrence County maintained Grizzly Gulch, Kirk, and Yellow Creek roads.

The Barrick Option property was previously a part of, or utilized in support of, Homestake Mining Company’s historic gold mining operations at Lead. Subdivisions of the property include Sawpit Gulch, Open Cut and Grizzly Gulch areas. As the property was previously disturbed by mining, Dakota Gold believes that potential exists for the Company to repurpose the property and remaining infrastructure for future operations if exploration is successful at Dakota Gold project areas that lie in close proximity.

### Exploration and Sampling

Dakota Gold’s Black Hills Property is at an early stage of exploration. The Company has developed a detailed Exploration Procedures Manual which will define the Company’s internal quality analysis and quality control (“QA/QC”) procedures going forward. However, Dakota Gold has always implemented sampling and analytical QA/QC protocols consistent with industry standards. These protocols include, but are not limited to, the following procedures:

1\. All sampling is conducted under the supervision of Dakota Gold’s Vice President Exploration.

2\. The chain of custody from the project to the sample preparation facility is continuously monitored and controlled by the company and its shipping contractors.

3\. Samples are collected and stored at the logging or storage facility which are secured and monitored sites.

4\. Samples are labeled with unique, non-descriptive sample numbers, bagged, and secured with locking bag ties before shipping.

5\. Samples are shipped by commercial bonded shippers at regular intervals and the sample batches are shipped to either 1) ALS Geochemistry sample preparation facility in Twin Falls, Idaho, USA or 2) ALS Geochemistry sample preparation facility in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.

6\. Gold analyses are performed at the ALS Geochemistry laboratory in Reno, Nevada or Vancouver, British Columbia, and multi-element geochemical analysis are completed at the ALS Minerals laboratory in Vancouver, British Columbia. All ALS Minerals facilities are ISO/IEC 17025:2017 accredited labs.

7\. Control procedures include regular insertion of certified reference materials and blanks into the sample stream at a minimum of 4% each. Sample, crush, and pulp duplicates are inserted into the sample stream at a minimum of 2% each.

8\. Pulps are digested and analyzed for gold using fire assay fusion and an atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) finish on a 30-gram split.

9\. Over limit gold assays are determined using a fire assay fusion with a gravimetric finish on a 30-gram split.

10\. All other elements are determined by four-acid digestion and inductively coupled plasma analysis.

11\. Validation of the analytical results are conducted upon receipt of final assay reports by statistical analysis of the standards duplicates and blanks and must pass certain parameters of accuracy to be considered verified.

12\. Until validated and reported publicly, assay results are kept confidential and securely maintained by the VP Exploration and a minimum number of company staff charged with validation and compilation of the assay data.

## Legal proceedings

As filed, 354 characters.

From time to time, we may be involved in claims and legal actions that arise in the ordinary course of business. To our knowledge, there are no material pending legal proceedings to which we are a party or of which any of our property is the subject. See *Note 9 - Commitments and Contingences* to the consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-K.

## Management's discussion and analysis

As filed, 23,000 characters.

*You should read the following discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations of Dakota Gold Corp. together with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Report. Some of the information contained in this discussion and analysis or set forth elsewhere in this Report, including information with respect to our plans and strategy for our business, includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. You should review Item 1A. Risk Factors above for a discussion of important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results described in or implied by the forward-looking statements contained in the following discussion and analysis.*

This management’s discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the annual consolidated financial statements of Dakota Gold Corp. and notes thereto as set forth herein. Readers are urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made by us, which attempt to advise interested parties of the factors which affect our business, including without limitation, the disclosures made under *Item 1A. Risk Factors.*

Our audited annual consolidated financial statements are stated in United States dollars and are prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles.

### Overview

The Company’s goal is to create stockholder value through the acquisition, responsible exploration, and future development of high caliber gold properties in the Homestake District of South Dakota. Management and the technical teams cumulatively have several hundred years of international mining and exploration experience and key personnel have more than 50 combined years in the Homestake District, mostly with the Homestake Mining Company, as well as other exploration companies that have operated in the region. We believe that this experience uniquely positions the Company and will allow us to leverage our direct experience and knowledge of past exploration and mining activities in the Homestake District. Combined with the use of modern exploration and mining techniques, and new geologic understanding from experience in other mines, new research and information extracted from our new geophysical surveys, we hope to focus our programs and build upon where the historic Homestake Mining Company left off in the 1990s.

The Homestake District has historically yielded approximately 45 million ounces of gold production as of December 31, 2025 with most of it coming from within a small geographic area. The production ledges of the Homestake Mine define a cumulative surface projection area of less than three square miles. Homestake Mining Company’s historic gold production and exploration in the Homestake District was overwhelmingly focused on the underground mine. Outside of the mine area, the Homestake District has been underexplored and heretofore has not been the subject of modern exploration efforts required to search for other deposits, especially under the cover of younger rocks that dominate the surface.

We have consistently pursued a strategy of expanding our portfolio of brownfield properties located exclusively within the Homestake District to build a strong land position with the goal of consolidating possible mineral potential.

Other than our mineral resource estimate with an effective date of February 3, 2025 contained in our IA, none of our other properties are sufficiently drilled to prepare an estimate of mineral resources under S-K 1300. The Company believes the Homestake District is in a safe jurisdiction with well-developed infrastructure and is in a favorable regulatory environment in which authorities have demonstrated a willingness to work with responsible operators to permit well-planned compliant projects.

### Drill Programs and Results

We expanded our drilling operations to the Richmond Hill Project and have had up to four drill rigs operating at any point in time. Dakota Gold has completed permit applications and environmental field work and currently has fourteen active permits in place with one additional permit being processed for Richmond Hill in 2025. Permitting for other exploration targets is anticipated in 2026.

In total, Dakota Gold has completed 473 holes for over 493,472 feet (150,493 meters) since drilling started in 2022.

- The Company completed 25 holes for 70,181 feet (21,391 meters) of core drilling on three projects in 2022. The areas drilled in 2022 were the Maitland Project (39,231 feet; 11,958 meters), the Richmond Hill Project (24,865 feet; 7,579 meters), and other properties (6,084 feet; 1,854 meters).
- The Company then completed 89 holes for 180,727 feet (55,086 meters) of core on two projects in 2023; the areas drilled were the Maitland Project (88,626 feet; 27,013 meters) and the Richmond Hill Project (92,101 feet; 24,184 meters).
- The Company completed 117 holes for 146,691 feet (44,711 meters) of core on two projects during 2024; the areas drilled were the Maitland Project (102,755 feet; 31,320 meters) and the Richmond Hill Project (43,936 feet; 13,392 meters).
- In 2025, the Company completed an additional 211 core holes and an additional 31 reverse circulation rotary holes at the Richmond Hill Project for a total of 87,681 feet (26,725 meters) and 7,725 feet (2,355 meters), respectively.

### Significant Developments

On April 30, 2024, the Company announced the maiden S-K 1300 initial assessment for the Richmond Hill Gold Project.

On June 26, 2024, the Company announced an additional investment by Orion of $6 million with the potential to increase to $9 million subject to future market conditions (the “2024 Orion Equity Investment”).

On February 6, 2025, the Company announced that Barrick Gold agreed to extend the option period for both the Richmond Hill option and the Homestake option agreements until December 31, 2028, in return for additional annual cash payments of $170,000 and $340,000, respectively, combined as an annual payment of $510,000 on each of March 1, 2026 (paid), March 1, 2027 and March 1, 2028.

On February 6, 2025, the Company announced the February 2025 IA, which was filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K.

On March 25, 2025, the Company announced the successful closing of the Offering, whereby we raised net proceeds of approximately $32.8 million by issuing 12,400,000 shares of our common stock at a price of $2.83 per share.

On May 19, 2025, the Company announced changes to its senior leadership team and Board of Directors. Jack Henris was appointed President and Chief Operating Officer (COO) of Dakota Gold effective June 1, 2025 upon the retirement of Gerald Aberle, the Company’s prior COO. Todd Kenner and Kevin Puil were appointed to the Board of Directors effective May 15, 2025, and Amy Koenig resigned from the Board of Directors on May 31, 2025 and assumed the role of Senior Vice President, Chief Legal Officer and Corporate Secretary for Dakota Gold effective June 1, 2025. Mr. Aberle retired as a director of the Company, effective August 8, 2025.

On July 7, 2025, the Company announced the IACF, which was filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K.

On November 13, 2025, the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Equity Distribution Agreement with BMO Capital Markets Corp., Canaccord Genuity LLC, and H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC.

### Planned Activities

Planned activities during 2026 will focus on advancing the Richmond Hill Project through feasibility, permitting, and technical de-risking while continuing to progress high-grade exploration at the Maitland Project. At Richmond Hill, the Company is transitioning from an Initial Assessment with Cash Flow to a Pre-Feasibility Study in the second half of 2026, followed by a Feasibility Study targeted for 2027. Key workstreams include mine planning optimization, engineering trade-off studies, metallurgical test work, and baseline data collection to support state and county permitting. Concurrently, the Company plans to file a Notice of Intent and advance permitting activities with Lawrence County and the South Dakota Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, positioning the project for construction readiness following completion of feasibility studies.

Planned activities in 2026 for our Richmond Hill Project include an extensive drilling campaign totaling approximately 15,500 meters across infill, step-out, condemnation, and geotechnical drilling. Infill drilling within the 10-year mine plan is intended to convert inferred resources to measured and indicated classifications, while step-out drilling to the north and northeast targets potential resource expansion. Additional drilling is planned to support infrastructure siting, overburden stockpile areas, and pit slope stability analyses. These activities are designed to refine the mine plan, improve resource confidence, and directly support feasibility-level engineering and economic analysis.

Metallurgical test work represents another critical planned activity in 2026. The Company is conducting a staged metallurgical program, including ore characterization, column leach testing, comminution studies, and recovery optimization, with final results expected in the fourth quarter of 2026. This work will inform heap leach pad design, crushing and stacking configurations, agglomeration requirements, and Merrill-Crowe plant sizing. The results will be incorporated into feasibility trade-off studies evaluating mining and stacking rates, heap leach pad layout, and material handling alternatives to optimize project economics and operational flexibility.

At the Maitland property, planned activities in 2026 will concentrate on advancing the Unionville Zone toward a maiden mineral resource by year-end. The Company has outlined an infill drilling program of approximately 5,600 meters in 44 holes targeting shallow Tertiary epithermal mineralization that remains open along strike and at depth. In parallel, the Company will continue to evaluate high-grade exploration optionality at the JB Gold Zone, where Precambrian iron-formation-hosted mineralization shows strong geological similarities to the historic Homestake Mine. These efforts are intended to demonstrate the broader district-scale potential of the Maitland property while maintaining focus on near-term value creation at Richmond Hill.

### Results of Operations

### Years Ended December 31, 2025 and 2024

| ​ ​ ​ ​ Operating expenses | ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ | ​ Years Ended December 31, 2025 $$ ​ | ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ | ​ 2024 ​ |
| --- | --- | ---: | --- | ---: |
| Exploration expenses | **​** | **20,991,346** | ​ | 23,707,162 |
| General and administrative expenses | **​** | **9,763,396** | ​ | 10,625,080 |
| Loss from operations | **​** | **(30,754,742)** | ​ | (34,332,242) |
| ​ | ​ | **​** | ​ | ​ |
| **Other income (expenses)** | ​ | **​** | ​ | ​ |
| Foreign exchange loss | **​** | **(23,502)** | ​ | (32,447) |
| Interest expense | **​** | **—** | ​ | (137,483) |
| Interest income | **​** | **1,176,546** | ​ | 609,801 |
| Total other income | **​** | **1,153,044** | ​ | 439,871 |
| ​ | ​ | **​** | ​ | ​ |
| Loss before income taxes | **​** | **(29,601,698)** | ​ | (33,892,371) |
| Income tax benefit, net | **​** | **62,999** | ​ | 7,835 |
| **Net loss and comprehensive loss** | **​** | **(29,538,699)** | ​ | (33,884,536) |
| **​** | ​ | **​** | ​ | **​** |
| Basic and diluted loss per share | **​** | **(0.27)** | ​ | (0.37) |
| ​ | ​ | **​** | ​ | ​ |
| Weighted average number of basic and diluted shares of common stock outstanding | **​** | **108,895,044** | ​ | 90,887,130 |

### Revenue

We had no operating revenues during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024. We had net losses and comprehensive losses of approximately $29.5 million and $33.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

### Exploration Expenses

During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, our exploration expenses totaled approximately $21.0 million and $23.7 million, respectively. The year-over-year decrease primarily related to the reduced level of activity associated with drilling prior to the Offering proceeds, which resulted in a decrease of approximately $6.4 million compared to 2024. In addition, assay costs decreased by approximately $0.6 million because of the lower level of drilling. These reductions were partially offset by increases in rental or maintenance expenditure on equipment of approximately $1.5 million to support the 2025 drilling program, an increase in studies and reports of approximately $1.8 million as the Company moved to complete its metallurgical test program, an increase in exploration payroll of approximately $0.4 million as part of the resumption of drilling, an increase in miscellaneous costs of approximately $0.3 million driven by higher reclamation costs, and an increase in non-cash exploration-related stock-based compensation expenses of approximately $0.3 million. Included in exploration costs were stock-based compensation expense of approximately $0.9 and $0.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

### General and Administrative Expenses

Our general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, were approximately $9.8 million and $10.6 million, respectively. These expenditures were primarily for legal, accounting, and professional fees, investor relations, and other general and administrative expenses necessary for our operations. The year-over-year decrease is primarily related to a decrease of approximately $0.4 million in investor relations costs, which were higher in the prior year as the Company was closing a financing, and a decrease in non-cash stock-based compensation expense of $0.6 million. This decrease was partially offset by an increase of $0.7 million in expenditures on support costs, which were higher than the prior year primarily due to marginally higher compensation costs related to the successful completion of the IACF and 2025 financing as well as legal and other fees relating to filing the registration statement Form S-3.

### Other Income

We earned interest income from bank accounts of approximately $1.2 million and $0.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

We had losses from operations for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, totaling approximately $30.8 million and $34.3 million respectively, losses before income tax of approximately $29.6 million and $33.9 million, respectively, leading to net losses of $29.5 million and $33.9 million, respectively.

The effective tax rate for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 is less than the statutory rate as the Company is in a tax loss position and does not expect to use the tax losses in the near future.

### Cash Flows Used in Operating Activities

Cash used in operations for the year ended December 31, 2025 was approximately $25.4 million compared to approximately $31.5 million in the prior year. The Company was not drilling in the first quarter of 2025, the primary driver of higher operating expenses, as the Company was focused on the Richmond Hill Initial Assessment.

### Cash Flows Used in Investing Activities

Cash used in investing activities for the years ended December 31, 2025 was $0.4 million compared to $0.6 million in the prior year, due to lower expenditures on purchases of property and equipment and mineral properties.

### Cash Flows from Financing Activities

During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, cash flows from financing activities were approximately $46.1 million and $15.9 million respectively.

In the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company issued 3,022,019 shares of common stock under the ATM Program for net proceeds of approximately $9.7 million, 12,400,000 shares of common stock for net proceeds of approximately $32.8 million pursuant to the Offering, 2,020,448 shares of common stock for the exercise of warrants for proceeds of approximately $4.2 million and 120,250 shares of common stock for the exercise of stock options for proceeds of approximately $0.2 million. In addition, the Company issued 119,588 common shares for the exercise of options settled on a cashless basis. Partially offsetting these inflows were taxes remitted on RSUs, PSUs and compensation of approximately $0.8 million.

In the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company issued 2,344,836 shares of common stock for net proceeds of approximately $5.7 million pursuant to the 2024 Orion Equity Investment, a total of 4,510,486 shares of common stock under the ATM Program for net proceeds of approximately $9.9 million, and another 82,500 shares of common stock for the exercise of stock options for proceeds of approximately $0.2 million. Concurrent with the consummation of the 2024 Orion Equity Investment, the Company sold to Orion a 1% net smelter return royalty interest on certain properties held by the Company for total consideration of approximately $0.2 million paid at closing.

### Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, we did not have, and we do not currently have, any off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined by the SEC.

### Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Company is in the exploration stage and currently does not generate revenue. As such, we finance our operations and the acquisition and exploration of our mineral properties through the issuance of common stock, and the Company could be materially adversely affected if we are unable to raise capital because of market or other factors.

As of December 31, 2025, the Company had working capital of approximately $27.4 million and an accumulated deficit of approximately $106.1 million. The Company had a net loss of approximately $29.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2025.

On March 25, 2025, the Company announced a public offering (the “Offering”), whereby we raised net proceeds of approximately $32.8 million by issuing 12,400,000 shares of our common stock at a price of $2.83 per share.

On February 11, 2026, the Company announced a public offering for 12,336,000 shares, gross proceeds of approximately $75 million, and net proceeds of approximately $71 million. In addition, on February 20, 2026, the underwriters elected to exercise their overallotment option for an additional 225,000 shares and gross proceeds of approximately $1.4 million.

The Company anticipates cash expenditures of approximately $32.3 million through to March 25, 2027.

Based on the Company’s cash balance at December 31, 2025 of approximately $29.7 million and the additional proceeds from our offerings in 2026, we believe that we will have sufficient liquidity to fund our activities for the next twelve months. The actual timing of expected expenditures is dependent upon several factors, including the management of variable exploration expenditures.

### Critical Accounting Estimates

Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based on the Company’s consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Preparation of financial statements requires management to make assumptions, estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, costs and expenses, and the related disclosures of contingencies. Management bases its estimates on various assumptions and historical experience, which are believed to be reasonable; however, due to the inherent nature of estimates, actual results may differ significantly due to changed conditions or assumptions. On a regular basis, management reviews the accounting policies, assumptions, estimates and judgments to ensure that the Company’s consolidated financial statements are fairly presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP. However, because future events and their effects cannot be determined with certainty, actual results could differ from the Company’s assumptions and estimates, and such differences could be material. The Company’s accounting policies are described in greater detail in Note 2 to the Company’s audited annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2025.

Management believes the use of Black-Scholes and Monte Carlo valuation models for measuring the fair value of stock-based compensation has a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and relies on critical accounting estimates and judgments.

Stock-based compensation is in the form of stock options, restricted stock units (“RSU”) and performance stock units (“PSU”) granted to employees and directors. Stock-based compensation expense is based on the fair value of the stock options, RSUs and PSUs.

#### Judgments and Uncertainties

We estimate the grant date fair value of each stock option award on the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model.

The grant date fair value of the PSUs is calculated using a Monte Carlo simulation. The number of PSUs that will be earned is based upon the Company’s share price performance against the MVIS Global Junior Gold Miners Index for the relevant performance periods. Compensation expense is recognized regardless of the relative performance.

The grant date fair value of the RSUs is based on the stock price on grant date, creating no judgement or uncertainty.

Compensation expense will be reversed if an employee’s employment is terminated prior to satisfying the requisite service period.

The determination of fair value using option-pricing models, as indicated above, is affected by our stock price, as well as assumptions regarding several subjective variables. These variables include, but are not limited to, our expected stock price volatility over the expected term of the awards. We determine the expected term of each award giving consideration to the contractual terms, vesting schedules, and post-vesting forfeitures. We use the risk-free interest rate on the implied yield available on U.S. Treasury issues with an equivalent remaining term approximately equal to the expected term of the award. The value of the portion of the award that vests is recognized as expense over the requisite service periods in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. If factors change and different assumptions are used, stock-based compensation expense could be materially different in the future.

#### Sensitivity of Estimate to Change

Once the fair value of the awards is determined at grant date, there is no subsequent remeasurement and therefore our estimates would impact the fair value of future rewards and not impact our stock-based compensation expense for the current fiscal year. This treatment is based on the awards being classified as equity. Should outstanding awards be reclassified as a liability, the impact to stock-based compensation expense could be materially different in the future.

## Controls and procedures

As filed, 3,163 characters.

### Disclosure Controls and Procedures

At the end of the period covered by this Form 10-K, an evaluation was carried out under the supervision of and with the participation of the Company’s management, including our CEO and chief financial officer (“CFO”), of the effectiveness of the design and operations of its disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act). Based on that evaluation, the Company’s CEO and CFO concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2025.

### Evaluation of Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act, for the Company. Our internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that: (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.

Management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, as of December 31, 2025, based on the framework set forth in Internal Control-Integrated Framework 2013 issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on its evaluation under this framework, management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2025. This Form 10-K does not include an attestation report of our registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by our registered public accounting firm pursuant to rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission that permit us to provide only management’s report in this report.

### Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm.

As a smaller reporting company, management’s report on disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting is not subject to attestation by the Company’s registered public accounting firm.

### Changes to Internal Controls and Procedures over Financial Reporting

Management, with the participation of the CEO and CFO, concluded that there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2025 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Filed Mar 25, 2026.
Source: SEC EDGAR, the filing index for accession 0001104659-26-034576. Last ingested by Listed: Oct 24, 2026, 15:06 ET. No prices; not investment advice.