# Aura Systems Inc: Form 10-K/A for the period ended Feb 28, 2019 - Company: [Aura Systems Inc](/companies/ausi.md) (CIK 826253) - Form: 10-K/A - Filed: 2019-06-13 - Accepted by EDGAR: Jun 13, 2019, 21:30 ET - Period: 2019-02-28 - Accession: 0001213900-19-010683 - Inline XBRL: yes - Main document: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/826253/000121390019010683/f10k2019a1_aurasystems.htm - All documents and exhibits: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/826253/000121390019010683/ ## Figures reported in this filing Standardized XBRL line items for the period ended 2019-02-28. | Line item | Period | Value | XBRL concept | | --- | --- | ---: | --- | | Revenue | 12 months, 2018-03-01 to 2019-02-28 | $39.3k | us-gaap:Revenues | | Cost of revenue | 12 months, 2018-03-01 to 2019-02-28 | $170.3k | us-gaap:CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold | | Gross profit | 12 months, 2018-03-01 to 2019-02-28 | −$131.0k | us-gaap:GrossProfit | | Research and development | 12 months, 2018-03-01 to 2019-02-28 | $494.6k | us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense | | Selling, general and administrative | 12 months, 2018-03-01 to 2019-02-28 | $5.5m | us-gaap:SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense | | Operating income | 12 months, 2018-03-01 to 2019-02-28 | −$6.1m | us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss | | Interest expense | 12 months, 2018-03-01 to 2019-02-28 | $1.1m | us-gaap:InterestExpense | | Income tax | 12 months, 2018-03-01 to 2019-02-28 | $800 | us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit | | Net income | 12 months, 2018-03-01 to 2019-02-28 | −$4.5m | us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss | | Diluted EPS | 12 months, 2018-03-01 to 2019-02-28 | −$0.10 | us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted | | Basic EPS | 12 months, 2018-03-01 to 2019-02-28 | −$0.10 | us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic | | Diluted shares (weighted) | 12 months, 2018-03-01 to 2019-02-28 | 45,648,202 shares | us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding | | Operating cash flow | 12 months, 2018-03-01 to 2019-02-28 | −$2.5m | us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities | | Cash and equivalents | at 2019-02-28 | $358.2k | us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue | | Current assets | at 2019-02-28 | $418.1k | us-gaap:AssetsCurrent | | Total assets | at 2019-02-28 | $668.1k | us-gaap:Assets | | Current liabilities | at 2019-02-28 | $17.9m | us-gaap:LiabilitiesCurrent | | Total liabilities | at 2019-02-28 | $22.3m | us-gaap:Liabilities | | Long-term debt | at 2019-02-28 | $4.4m | us-gaap:LongTermDebtNoncurrent | | Current portion of debt | at 2019-02-28 | $902.5k | us-gaap:LongTermDebtCurrent | | Shareholders' equity | at 2019-02-28 | −$21.7m | us-gaap:StockholdersEquity | ## Business As filed, 37,353 characters. Introduction Aura Systems, Inc., is a Delaware corporation that was founded in 1987. The Company designs, assembles, tests and sells our proprietary and patented axial flux induction machine known as the AuraGen® for industrial and commercial applications and the VIPER for military applications (collectively referred to as the “AuraGen”). Our patented AuraGen® system –– when applied as a generator –– uses an existing engine (of a vehicle or any other prime mover) to create mechanical energy which is then converted into electric power by our system. Our control system is used to deliver such power to the user. When used as an electric motor, our system delivers mechanical power to drive mechanical devices. During the first half of fiscal 2016, the Company significantly reduced operations due to lack of financial resources. During the second half of fiscal 2016, the Company’s operations were completely disrupted when the Company was forced to move from its facilities in Redondo Beach, California to a smaller facility in Stanton, California. During fiscal 2017, the Company suspended its engineering, manufacturing, sales, and marketing activities to focus on renegotiating numerous financial obligations. During fiscal 2018, the Company successfully restructured in excess of $30 million of debt and held its first stockholder meeting since 2011. During fiscal 2019, the Company continued to focus on seeking new sources of financing and utilized a contract manufacturer to produce some initial products as the Company drives towards restarting its operations. Traditional induction machines represent a radial flux design and are the workhorse of industry due to their robustness, attractive cost, and easy control. However, radial flux machines are also relatively heavy and bulky. Axial flux induction machines (such as the AuraGen®), on the other hand, have all of the advantages of radial flux machines, but with the advantage of higher energy density. This results in axial flux machines being smaller and lighter yet with equivalent performance. Unlike permanent magnet (“PM”) machines, induction machines do not use any permanent magnets and therefore the controller can change the magnetic (B) fields since generally the magnetic (B) field is proportionate to the voltage divided by the frequency (V/f). It is generally accepted that for PM machines, as machine size grows, the magnetic losses increase proportionately, and partial load efficiency drops. On the other hand, with induction machines, as the machine size grows, magnetic losses do not necessarily grow. Induction drives could offer an advantage when high-performance is desired. The peak efficiency of an induction drive will be somewhat lower than with PM machines, but average efficiency may actually increase. The history of electric motors reveals that the earliest machines were in fact axial flux machines. However, after the first radial flux machines were demonstrated in the early 1900’s, such machines were accepted as mainstream configuration. The reason for shelving the axial flux machines were multifold and can be summarized as follows: (i) strong axial magnetic attraction force between the stator and the rotor, (ii) fabrication difficulties such as cutting the slots in laminated cores, (iii) high cost involved in manufacturing the laminated stator core, (iv) difficulties in assembling the machine and maintaining a uniform air gap and (v) providing a laminated rotor that can stand the large centrifugal forces. Technological developments by Aura show that all of the historical objections for axial flux machines can be addressed with developments in the design of such machines, as well as, the design of the proper manufacturing processes and tooling. The issue of the strong axial magnetic attraction force between the stator and the rotor was addressed by Aura’s patented approach of using a topology of two stators and a rotor sandwiched between them. This has been disclosed in Aura’s U.S. Patent 5,734,217 (March 1998), which expired in March 2018, and U.S. Patent 6,157,175 (Dec. 2000). In addition to other benefits, the topology is such that the axial forces on the bearings are very small and negligible. The Company has also developed a cast rotor for the axial flux machine as described in U.S. Patents 5,734,217 and 6,157,175. This rotor does not require any laminates and provides the structural integrity to withstand very large centrifugal forces, while at the same time provides the proper electric and magnetic properties. The AuraGen® system is composed of three primary subsystems (i) the patented axial flux alternator, (ii) the electronic control unit (“ECU”) and (iii) mounting kit that is a mechanical interface between the alternator and the prime mover. The architecture of our ECU is designed to separate the power generation from the power user, thus creating a flexible system that can support multi voltages simultaneously. The system architecture is based on having a direct current (“DC”) power bus that is used to excite the alternator and also to collect energy from the alternator. The user loads are supported from the power bus and not directly from the alternator. This immediately leads to a load following design where the demand on the alternator at any moment in time is equal to the demanded user load (up to the maximum alternator power capabilities). In addition, the output power is constructed from the power bus with either a PWM based inverter for alternating current (“AC”) output, and/or, a unique patented bi direction power supply (“BDPS”) that acts as a DC to DC converter to provide different DC voltages as an output. The BDPS provides the capability of adding power to the bus from a DC source such as batteries whenever sudden spikes or demands occur. The BDPS also provides the seamless transition to maintain the power bus when the prime mover is turned off (batteries are used to support the power bus). After a lengthy development period, the Company began commercializing the AuraGen® in late 1999 and early 2000. Our first commercial product was a 5,000-watt 120/240V AC machine, in 2001; we subsequently added an 8,000-watt configuration and also introduced the BDPS that allowed us to provide simultaneously an AC/DC solution. In fiscal 2008, the Company introduced a system that generates up to 16,000-watts of continuous power by combining two 8,000 watts’ systems (dual system). Starting in 2017, the Company began reexamining its strategic approach to the market and has identified key areas upon which to initially focus as the Company restarts operations. The markets available for AuraGen® products are both vertical and horizontal in nature and cover numerous industries and applications worldwide. As such, the Company has developed a strategy focused on existing markets for the AuraGen® products as well as the formation of international joint ventures and other strategic partnerships to address local markets and needs. The first such joint venture, Jiangsu Shengfeng Mobile Power Technology Co., Ltd. (“Jiangsu Shengfeng”), was entered into during 2017 to address the Chinese market. Under the Jiangsu Shengfeng joint venture agreement, Aura owns 49% of the venture and our Chinese partner owns 51%. The Chinese partner is to contribute a total of approximately $9.25 million to the venture –– principally in the form of facilities and equipment as wells as approximately $500,000 in cash. The Company contributed $250,000 in cash as well as a limited license to the joint venture to manufacture, sell and service the AuraGen® products within China. The limited license sold to the Jiangsu Shengfeng joint venture, however, does not permit Jiangsu Shengfeng to manufacture the AuraGen® rotor; rather, the joint venture is required to purchase all rotor subassemblies as well as certain software elements directly from the Company. Jiangsu Shengfeng’s board of directors consists of three members appointed by the Company and three appointed by our Chinese partner; Jiangsu Shengfeng’s CEO is appointed by our Chinese partner while its CFO and director for quality assurance and control are appointed by Aura. ### Business Arrangements During the first half of fiscal 2016, the Company significantly reduced operations due to lack of financial resources. During the second half of fiscal 2016, the Company’s operations were disrupted when the Company was forced to move from its facilities in Redondo Beach, California to a smaller facility in Stanton, California. Operations during the second half of fiscal 2016 were sporadic. During fiscal 2017, fiscal 2018 and fiscal 2019, the Company suspended the majority of its engineering, manufacturing, sales, and marketing activities to focus on renegotiating numerous financial obligations. During this time, the Company’s agreements with numerous customers, third party vendors, and organizations and entities material to the operation of the Company business were canceled, delayed or terminated. During fiscal 2018, the Company successfully restructured in excess of $30 million of debt. During fiscal 2019, the Company continued to address its financial needs and utilized a contractor to begin manufacturing of the AuraGen® product. Utilizing a contractor, the Company was able to begin manufacturing of AuraGen® products during fiscal 2019 and has shipped a small amount to customers and has a small inventory of finished products available and believes that it will have the ability to increase production once it has confirmed orders in place during fiscal 2020. In March 2017, the Company signed a joint venture agreement with a Chinese company to build, service and distribute AuraGen® products in China. Under the Jiangsu Shengfeng joint venture agreement, the Chinese partner owns 51% of the joint venture and the Company owns 49%. The Chinese partner is to contribute a total of approximately $9.75 million to the venture principally in the form of facilities, equipment, and approximately $500,000 of working capital while the Company contributed $250,000 in cash as well as a limited license. The limited license sold to the joint venture, however, does not permit the venture to manufacture the AuraGen® rotor; rather, the joint venture is required to purchase all rotor subassemblies as well as certain software elements directly from the Company. In March 2019, Harry (Zvi) Kurtzman, Elimelech Lowy, David Mann, Robert Lempert and, Harry’s sister, Cipora Lavut (the “Kurtzman Group”), initiated an effort to replace a majority of the Board of Directors. In April 2019, the Kurtzman Group (except for Elimelech Lowy) also filed a complaint in the Delaware Chancery Court against the Company regarding the replacement of a majority of the Board of Directors. In June 2019, the Kurtzman Group filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) a consent solicitation statement on Schedule 14A, purporting to ask the shareholders of Aura Systems, to elect three individuals nominated by the Kurtzman Group to the Board effective immediately. The Kurtzman Group’s actions are aimed at taking control of the Company. These actions have consumed the time and resources of the Company and have adversely affected its ability to operate and its results of operations. On June 4, 2019, the Company announced that it will be holding an annual meeting of stockholders on August 26, 2019. See Item 3, Legal Proceedings for more information. ### The AuraGen®/VIPER The AuraGen® is composed of three basic subsystems. The first subsystem is the axial flux induction generator that is bolted to, and driven by, the vehicle’s engine, PTO, or any other prime mover. The second subsystem is the ECU, which filters and conditions the electricity to provide clean, steady voltages for both AC and DC power, and provides for variable speed applications as well as load following for increased efficiency. The third subsystem consists of mounting brackets and supporting components for installation and integration of the generator with the vehicle engine, PTO, or the prime mover. The Company has power solutions for three continuous power levels: (a) 5,000 watts; (b) 8,000 watts; (c) 15,000 watts via a single system. All the AC power is pure sine wave with total harmonic distortion of less than 2.1% and is available in 120 VAC and/or 230/240 VAC as well as 50/60 Hz and either single or three phases. In addition, the power generated on all models can be partitioned to provide simultaneous AC and 14 or 28 VDC. The AuraGen® power levels can be generated as the prime mover speed varies from idle to maximum rated speed. The VIPER (the military version of the AuraGen® system) includes as an option a complete power management system which (i) monitors in real time the batteries’ voltage and temperature, (ii) provides a partition of the power between AC and DC simultaneously with the ability to be programmed from all AC to all DC, (iii) monitors the RPM of the generator, (iv) monitors the temperatures of the generator and the ECU, (v) monitors the raw power generated, (vi) monitors both the AC and DC loads as to voltage and current, (vii) provides programming of load prioritization and load shedding, and (viii) monitors the voltage of the internal 400-800 VDC bus. Mobile and Remote (not power grid connected) Power Industry We believe that the mobile and remote power generation market is large and growing. There are four basic market segments (i) military, (ii) stationary but remote commercial/industrial, (iii) mobile commercial/industrial, and (iv) hybrid, electric and autonomous vehicles. The military market place is also divided between mobile and stationary applications. We believe that one of the fastest growing segments in the military market place is On-Board-Exportable-Power (OBEP), which is electric power on vehicles that can be used to support other than vehicle functions. The driver for the increased demand for on board power are numerous advance weapon systems as well as increase in C4I functions (command, control, communication, computers and information). Currently, most on board power is provided by Auxiliary Power Units (“APUs”) that are (i) large fuel users, (ii) bulky, (iii) heavy and (iv) require constant maintenance. Militaries all over the world are seeking more efficient integrated power solutions for their vehicles. Similar to the military demands, the commercial and industrial markets also require on board power to support modern computers, digital sensors and instruments as well as electrical driven tools. Current automotive alternators cannot supply the existing demanded power and thus the common solution is the use of APUs. These APUs can be environmentally unfriendly, substantial users of fuel, heavy, bulky and require constant maintenance and scheduled service. Vehicles used in the telecommunications, utilities, public works, construction, catering, oil and gas industries, emergency/rescue, and recreational vehicles rely heavily on mobile power for their daily work. Hybrid and electric vehicles by their nature require significant amounts of on board power to charge batteries as well as to operate electric motors. The traditional available solutions for mobile and remote power users are: - Gensets (AKA APUs), Gensets are standalone power generation units that are not incorporated into a vehicle and require external fuel, either gasoline or diesel, in order to generate electricity. Gensets (i) are generally noisy and cumbersome to transport because of their weight and size, (ii) typically run at constant speed to generate 50 or 60 Hz of AC power, (iii) must be operated at a significant part of the rated power to avoid wet staking, (iv) are significantly de-rated in the presence of harmonics in the loads and (v) require significant scheduled maintenance and service. Genset technology has been utilized since the 1950s. - High-Output Alternators, High-output alternators are traditionally found in trucks and commercial vehicles and the vehicle’s engine is used as the prime mover. All high-output alternators provide their rated power at very high RPM and significantly less power at lower RPM. In addition, high-output alternators are generally only 30% efficient at the low RPM range and increase to 50% efficiency at the high end of the RPM range. The power generated by high-output alternators is 12 or 24 Volt DC and an inverter is required if AC power is needed. In addition, due to the low power output at low RPMs, in order to get significant power, a throttle controller is used to speed-up the engine. - Inverters, Inverters are devices that invert DC to AC. Inverters as mobile power generators are traditionally used in low power requirements, typically less than 2,500 watts, and do not have the ability to recharge the batteries that are traditionally used as the source of power. Thus, typical inverter users require other means to recharge the used batteries such as “shore-power” or gensets. More recently dynamic inverters became available. Dynamic inverters use power from the alternator to augment power from the batteries and are able to achieve power levels in excess of 6,000 watts. Dynamic inverters introduce significant stresses on both the batteries and alternators, which causes significant life shortening for both. When the inverter is turned on, the alternator is switched off from the vehicle battery and tied into a transformer that uses electronic controls to change the DC alternator inputs to AC inverter output. A separate transformer winding provides battery charging so that fully regulated 120 Volt AC and 12 Volt DC power is available as long as the engine is running at high enough RPM to provide power for the load and the battery charging. All dynamic inverters require a high-output alternator to be able to output significant AC power. As is often the case, the limiting factor is the high-output alternator. In order to get stable output, a very accurate throttle controller is also needed to maintain steady speed on the engine. - Permanent-Magnet Alternators. Recently, a number of companies have introduced alternators using exotic permanent magnets. These alternators tend to have higher power generation capabilities than regular alternators at lower engine RPM. In order to be practical in an under-the–hood environment (200oF) active cooling must be added, since the magnets are demagnetized at approximately 176oF. There are other issues that require an active control system that will add and subtract magnetic field strength as the engine RPM increases. Over 95% of the magnets used for electric machines comes from China and, beginning in 2011, the price of these magnets has sky-rocketed. In addition, China started limiting export of the magnets in order to have sufficient supplies for local consumption. - Fuel Cells. Fuel cells are solid-state devices that produce electricity by combining a fuel containing hydrogen with oxygen. They have a wide range of applications and can be used in place of the internal combustion engine and traditional lead-acid and lithium-ion batteries. The most widely deployed fuel cells are estimated to cost significantly more than alternative solutions. - Batteries. Batteries convert stored chemical energy to electrical. Competition The Company is involved in the application of its AuraGen® technology to mobile power and, as such, faces substantial competition from companies offering different technologies. *Gensets AKA APU-* Portable generators meet the large market need for auxiliary power. Millions of units per year are sold in North America alone, and millions more across the world to meet market demands for 1 to 20 Kilowatts of portable power. The market for these power levels addresses the commercial, leisure and residential markets, and divides essentially into: (a) higher power, higher quality and higher price commercial level units; and (b) lower power, lower quality and lower price level units. Gensets provide the strongest competition across the widest marketplace for auxiliary power. Onan, Honda and Kohler, among others, are well established and respected brand names in the genset market for higher reliability auxiliary power generation. There are over 40 registered genset-manufacturing companies in the United States. *High Output Alternators*- There are many High Output Alternator manufacturers. Some of the better known are: Delco-Remy, Bosh, Nippon Densu, Hitachi, Mitsubishi and Prestolite. All alternators provide their rated power at very high RPM and significantly less power at lower RPM. In addition, alternators are generally only 30% efficient at the low RPM range and increase to 50% efficiency at the high RPM range. *Inverters-*There are many inverter manufacturers; across the globe the best known one is Xentrex. The pricing of industrial grade sine wave inverters is approximately $700-850 per kilowatt plus the cost of a high output alternator (estimated at $1,000) and a good throttle controller (estimated in the range of $250-500). *Permanent-Magnet (“PM”) alternators.* -A number of companies have introduced alternators using exotic NdFeB magnets (UQM technologies is one of the better known). These alternators tend to have higher power generation capabilities than regular alternators at lower RPM. Unfortunately, PM machines with NdFeB magnets are very sensitive to temperature and, unlike the AuraGen, cannot survive the typical under-the-hood environment (200oF+). In order to apply such devices for automotive applications one must add expensive and cumbersome active cooling since the magnets are demagnetized at approximately (176oF). To date, such machines have been used mostly in wind-power generation applications. In addition to the temperature challenges of such machines, there are other issues involving active control of the magnetic field. The main disadvantage of PM generators is the difficulty of output voltage regulation to compensate for speed and load variation due to the lack of a simple means of field control. *Fuel Cells-*Fuel cells are solid-state, devices that produce electricity by combining a fuel containing hydrogen with oxygen. They have a wide range of applications and can be used in place of the internal combustion engine and traditional lead-acid and lithium-ion batteries. These systems are, however, generally prohibitively expensive, and the most widely deployed fuel cells are estimated to cost significantly more per kilowatt than alternative solutions. Others- Symetron Technology by Raser Inc. is sometimes mistaken for a new form of motor or generator. The Symetron technology is a variable frequency motor/generator controller that uses numerous control schemes to optimize performance. The Symetron technology involves adaptive tuning to continuously optimize motor and system efficiency for the speed and torque operating point. The Symetron controller is a potential competitor to variable speed motor controllers provided by such companies as of ABB, or Baldor-Electric Co. Evans Electric in Australia has introduced an axial flux machine with a complete conductive rotor. Such a machine was first introduced by Brinner more than 20 years ago and was abandoned because the rotor lacked the required rigidity to withstand the magnetic and centrifugal forces. The Brinner machine is cited in Aura’s patents. *Transport Refrigeration (“TRU”)*- The main competitors for the all-electric TRU are traditional diesel-based solutions provided by Thermo-king and Carrier. The diesel based comparable systems provided by Thermo-king and Carrier are somewhat less expensive than our AuraGen® all-electric solution, however the diesel solutions require frequent maintenance and the utilization of a separate diesel engine that consumes considerable fuel every operating hour. In addition, the diesel solutions emit harmful emissions that have been recognized by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, California’s Air Resource Board and others as dangerous pollutants and are increasingly subject to federal and state regulations. Most of our competitors have far greater financial, technical, and marketing resources than we have. They have larger budgets for research, new product development and marketing, and have long-standing customer relationships. We also compete with many larger and more established companies in the hiring and retention of qualified personnel. Our financial condition has limited our ability to market the AuraGen®. The AuraGen® uses different technology and because our product is radically different from traditionally available mobile power solutions, users may require lengthy evaluation periods to gain confidence in the product. OEMs and large fleet users also typically require considerable time to make changes to their planning and production. Competitive Advantages of the AuraGen® We believe the AuraGen® system to be a superior product due to its convenience, cost efficiency, fuel efficiency, reliability, flexibility in power output, quality of the electricity generated, and its ability to provide the full power at variable speeds as well as provide load following architecture. - *Smaller Size and Weight*. The AuraGen’s® patented design is estimated to be more than 50% smaller and lighter as compared to traditional solutions of comparative output. This ultra-compact design allows the AuraGen® to reside “under-the-hood” of most vehicles and to be powered by a vehicle’s primary engine or power takeoff “PTO”. In comparison, traditional solutions are too large and bulky to be integrated directly into most vehicles and, therefore, require their own independent power source. - *Higher Efficiency*. We believe that the AuraGen® power solution is also more efficient than traditional solutions, due to the increase in efficiency of the AuraGen® design over conventional designs Traditional alternators, for example, are at best 50% efficient and require approximately 1 gallon of fuel per each 7.6 kW-hr. The AuraGen® system in comparison is approximately 85%5 efficient and requires approximately only 1 gallon of fuel per each 15.9 kW-hr. Thus, given a need for 10 kW of power, for example, the traditional solution will require approximately 1.3 gallons per hour of fuel while the AuraGen® solution will require only 0.63 gallons per hour for the same output. The AuraGen® solution is also a load-following solution that further increases efficiency. A load following solution is able to adjust the amount of power output generated at any one moment to mirror the immediate demand. This is an important characteristic as power demands generally fluctuate (sometimes dramatically). Traditional solutions, in comparison, are not load-following and simply provide power at their maximum output rating at all times, irrespective of demand. By producing only that amount of power necessary to meet actual demand, however, the AuraGen® becomes especially efficient whenever less than maximum power output is required. - *Variable Speed*. The AuraGen® solution provides full power at near idol. This means that, unlike most other traditional systems, the AuraGen® system’s ability to provide users with full power is largely independent of the speed of the prime mover. The ability to operate at variable speed makes the Aura solution very attractive when the speed of the prime mover varies and is unpredictable, such as in automotive applications. The variable speed solution is a direct consequence of our system architecture where we separated the power generation from the power delivery by the power bus. - *Earth-Forward, Green Technology*. The AuraGen® system is more environmentally-friendly than traditional generator and mobile power technology. Because of its greater efficiency and resulting small size, the AuraGen® system utilizes fewer resources to manufacture. In applications, such as transport refrigeration, use of the AuraGen® system eliminates the need for a separate auxiliary diesel engine to run the refrigeration unit; because these auxiliary diesel engines are highly pollutive as to both emissions and noise, the AuraGen® has the potential to meaningfully impact air and noise pollution levels in areas where it is employed. - *Durability; No Scheduled Maintenance*. The AuraGen® is not sensitive to temperature or altitude variations and generates the rated power at or near idle engine RPM. The AuraGen® also does not require scheduled maintenance. ### Targeted Markets The Company has started to reexamine and identify key markets upon which to initially focus as the Company plans to restart operations. (i) One element of our business plan is focused on electric transport refrigeration. The market is well understood and both social and economic forces are providing an unprecedented opportunity to gain significant market share. Our immediate focus is on 20-k BTU/hr. midsize trucks and the 50-k BTU/hr. trailers. (ii) Another element of our business plan is focused on our mobile power solution for military applications around the globe. (iii) We also plan to seek joint venture opportunities similar to the agreement we entered in China to explore other international opportunities. Facilities, Manufacturing Process and Suppliers During fiscal 2019, our facilities consisted of approximately 20,000 square feet in Stanton, California and an additional storage facility in Santa Clarita, California. The Stanton facility is used for some assembly and testing of AuraGen/VIPER systems and is rented on a short-term basis. The rent for the Stanton facility is $10,000 per month and the storage facility is an additional $5,000 per month. Our current Stanton facility is not sufficient to support the expected operations and the Company is planning to eventually look for a new facility to be used for limited production, testing, warehousing and engineering as well as needed office space for support staff. The Company also rents temporary space on a month-to-month basis. Our Jiangsu Shengfeng joint venture, of which the Company owns 49% and as further described in “Business—Introduction”, owns facilities of approximately 400,000 square feet, consisting of approximately 200,000 square feet of manufacturing space and 200,000 square feet of general office and engineering space. The Jiangsu Shengfeng facilities are fully paid for and there is no monthly or annual rent associated with these facilities. The Company is currently in default on its obligations to the joint venture. When the Company gears up operations again, we will need to renew relationships and contracts with our suppliers or locate suitable new suppliers for subassemblies and other components. Research and Development We believe that ongoing research and development is important to the success of our product in order to utilize the most recent technology, develop additional products and additional uses for existing products, stay current with changes in vehicle manufacture and design and maintain an advantage over potential competition. Our engineering, research and development costs for fiscal 2019 were approximately $500,000 compared to approximately $100,000 in fiscal 2018. We stopped practically all research and development in fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2018 due to a severe cash shortfall; however, in fiscal 2019 we started redesign work on our Electronic Control Unit (“ECU”) to include the latest state-of-the-art power electronics and processors. We set an initial budget of approximately $1.0 million for research and development in fiscal 2020, dependent upon our ability to raise additional sources of funding. We believe that ongoing research and development is important to the success of our product in order to utilize the most recent technology, develop additional products and additional uses for existing products. ### Patents and Intellectual Property Our intellectual property portfolio consists of trademarks, proprietary know-how, trade secrets, and patents. In the area of electromagnetic technology, we have developed numerous magnetic systems and designs that result in a significant increase of magnetic field density per unit volume that can be converted into useful power energy or work. This increase in field density is a factor of three to four, which, when incorporated into mechanical devices, could result in a significant reduction in size and cost of production for the same performance. The applications of these technological advances are in machines used every day by industrial, commercial, and consumers. We have applied technology to numerous applications in industrial machines, such as generators, motors, actuators, and linear motors. We hold the following patents: Nos. 5,734,217; 6,157,175; 6,700,214; 6,700,802; 8,955,624; with expiration dates in 2018, 2020, 2024,2024 and 2033 respectively. At the end of fiscal 2013 and the first quarter of fiscal 2014, we filed five new patent applications related to the AuraGen®. These new patent applications are specifically designed to cover the (i) integration of the AuraGen® power solution with transport refrigeration, (ii) the interface kit of the AuraGen® with prime movers, (iii) a water cooled AuraGen® solution for situations where ventilation is not available, (iv) a unique cable system with safety protection to transfer high power between two moving objects, and (v) a unique clamping of power electronic components to heat sink to ensure good thermal conductivity. Government Regulation We are subject to laws and regulations that affect the Company’s activities, which include, but are not limited to, the areas of labor, intellectual property and ownership and infringement, tax, import and export requirements, environmental, and health and safety. As we recommence operations, our operations will again be subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations governing the occupational health and safety of our employees and wage regulations. For example, we are subject to the requirements of the federal Occupational Safety and Health Act, as amended, or OSHA, and comparable state laws that protect and regulate employee health and safety. We expect to expend resources to maintain compliance with OSHA requirements and industry best practices. Employees As of the date of this filing, the Company has five full-time equivalent employees. Additionally, the Company engages independent contractors to support various areas of the business. The independent contractors are used on an as-needed basis. Significant Customers We have no significant customers at this time. However, the Company has an initial commitment of approximately $1.25 million to deliver AuraGen® systems and components to its Chinese joint venture. ### Backlog There are no significant customers as of the date of the filing of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. However, the Company has an initial order of AuraGen® systems and components representing approximately $1.25 million. Management believes that once the Company has adequate financial resources and is operating again, a significant backlog will develop. No assurances, however, can be given as to how long it will take the Company, if at all, to develop a significant backlog. Raw Materials The most important raw materials we use in manufacturing our products are steel, copper, and aluminum. Raw materials are purchased both domestically and outside the United States. We have no significant long-term supply contracts. When possible, we maintain a number of sources for our raw materials, which we believe contribute to our ability to obtain competitive pricing. The cost of some of our raw materials and shipping costs are dependent on petroleum cost. Higher material prices, cost of petroleum, and costs of sourced products could have an adverse effect on margins. We enter into standard purchase agreements with certain foreign and domestic suppliers to source selected products. The terms of these arrangements are customary for the industry and do not contain any long-term contractual obligations on our behalf. ### Available Information We file annual, quarterly and current reports and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC” or the “Commission”). These materials can be inspected and copied at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Copies of these materials may also be obtained by mail at prescribed rates from the SEC’s Public Reference Room at the above address. Information about the Public Reference Room can be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC also maintains a website at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. On our website, www.aurasystems.com, we provide free of charge our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and any amendments thereto, as soon as reasonably practicable after they have been electronically filed or furnished to the SEC. Information contained on our website is not part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K or our other filings with the SEC. ## Risk factors As filed, 30,834 characters. *We are currently party to litigation, a consent solicitation and a potential proxy contest with the Kurtzman Group, which is costly and time-consuming and has had a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. and could adversely affect our stock price.* In March 2019, the Company received notice that a stockholder group led by Zvi (Harry) Kurtzman, a founder of the Company, was attempting to remove three of five members of the Company’s Board of Directors and replace them with three new members via written consent. The Company believes that the stockholder written consents are not valid. In April 2019, Harry (Zvi) Kurtzman, David Mann, Robert Lempert and, Harry’s sister, Cipora Lavut filed a complaint in the Delaware Chancery Court, and at the request of plaintiffs, the Delaware court issued a Status Quo Order permitting the incumbent directors to continue serving until the court’s decision but it prohibits the Company from taking any action outside the ordinary course of business without notice. In June 2019, Harry (Zvi) Kurtzman, Elimelech Lowy, David Mann, Robert Lempert and Cipora Lavut filed a consent solicitation statement with the SEC seeking stockholder consents to replace a majority of the Board of Directors. These actions have consumed the Company’s financial resources, halted its ongoing operations, resulted in substantial costs and significantly and adversely has impacted our reputation and diverted management’s attention and resources from our business strategies, which is having a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition. In addition, such lawsuits and acquire control of the Company have made it more difficult to finance our operations and obtain reasonably priced insurance for the Company. Perceived uncertainties as to our future direction as a result of changes to composition of our Board may lead to, and we believe has caused, the perception of a change in the direction of the business, instability or lack of continuity which may be exploited by our competitors, cause concern to our current or potential customers, or result in the loss of potential business opportunities and make it more difficult to attract and retain qualified personnel and business partners. #### We have a history of losses, and we may not be profitable in any future period. In each fiscal year since our reorganization in 2006, we have reported losses. Since the Company’s Chapter 11 Plan reorganization in 2006, we have spent considerable amounts on, among other things, building market awareness and infrastructure for sales and distribution, enhancing our engineering capabilities, perfecting an all-electric refrigeration transport system for midsize trucks, developing a 16-18 kW product, and developing a nine-inch system capable of delivering approximately 4 kW of power. We continue to need substantial funds for the development of new products, enhancement of existing products and in order to expand sales. However, sales of our products have not increased as we expected them to and may never increase to the level that we need to expand our operations, or even to sustain them. We can provide no assurance as to when, or if, we will recommence operations or be profitable in the future. Even if we recommence operations and achieve profitability, we may not be able to sustain it. *We will need additional capital in the future to meet our obligations and financing may not be available. During fiscal 2019, the Company attempted to resume some of its engineering and manufacturing activities, but it still struggled with meeting its financial requirements. If we cannot obtain additional capital, we will not be able to recommence our operations.* As a result of our operating losses, we have financed our operations through sales of our debt and equity securities. During the first half of fiscal 2016, the Company significantly reduced operations due to lack of financial resources. During the second half of fiscal 2016, the Company’s operations were disrupted when the Company was forced to move from its facilities in Redondo Beach, California to a smaller facility in Stanton, California. During fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2018, the Company suspended its engineering, manufacturing, sales, and marketing activities to focus on renegotiating numerous financial obligations. During fiscal 2019, the Company attempted to resume some of its engineering and manufacturing activities, but it was significantly limited in its abilities due to its inability to raise significant financing. While we plan to recommence operations, expand sales and marketing and improve operations, we continue to operate at negative cash flow. Our ability to continue as a going concern is directly dependent upon our ability to obtain additional operating capital and generating sufficient operating cash flow. If we are unable to obtain additional funding as and when we need it, we will not be able to recommence operations or undertake our planned expansion. *Our independent public accounting firm has included an explanatory paragraph in its opinion to the effect that there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.* Our independent public accounting firm has included an explanatory paragraph in its opinion to the effect that there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. We do not have any sufficient committed sources of capital and do not know whether additional financing will be available when needed on terms that are acceptable, if at all. This going concern statement from our independent public accounting firm may discourage some investors from purchasing our stock or providing alternative capital financing. The failure to satisfy our capital requirements will adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. *If we do not receive additional financing when and as needed, we may not be able to continue the research, development and commercialization of our technology and products. In that case, our business and results of operations would be materially and adversely affected.* Our capital requirements have been and will continue to be significant. We will require substantial additional funds in excess of our current financial resources for research, development and commercialization of our technology and products, to obtain and maintain patents and other intellectual property rights in these technologies and products, and for working capital and other purposes, the timing and amount of which are difficult to ascertain. When and as we need additional funds, such funds may not be available on commercially reasonable terms or at all. If we cannot obtain additional funding when and as needed, our business and results of operation would be materially and adversely affected. *Market acceptance of our AuraGen® product line is uncertain. If a large enough market does not develop for our products, our business and the results of our operations will be materially and adversely affected.* Our business is dependent upon sales generated from our AuraGen®/VIPER family of products. This product line utilizes advanced technology and has only recently begun being used in the marketplace for selected applications. We are dependent on the broad acceptance by businesses and industry of our products. Because the market for our product line is emerging, the potential size of this market and the timing of its development cannot be predicted. A significant market may fail to develop, or it may develop more slowly than we anticipate, either of which will have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. *Our intellectual property rights are valuable, and any inability or failure to protect them could reduce the value of our products, services and brand, which would have a material adverse effect on our business.* Our patents, trademarks, and all of our other intellectual property rights are important assets for us. There are events that are outside of our control that pose a threat to our intellectual property rights. For example, effective intellectual property protection may not be available in every country in which our products and services are distributed or made available. Also, the efforts we have taken to protect our proprietary rights may not be sufficient or effective. Due to our lack of financial resources, we may not be able to adequately protect our technology portfolio or apply for new patents to extend our intellectual property portfolio. The expiration of patents in our patent portfolio may also have an adverse effect on our business. Any significant impairment of our intellectual property rights could harm our business and or our ability to compete. Protecting our intellectual property rights is costly and time consuming and we may need to resort to litigation to enforce our patent rights or to determine the scope and validity of third-party intellectual property rights and we may not have the financial resources to pay for such litigation. Some of our competitors may be able to sustain the costs of complex patent litigation more effectively than we can because they have substantially greater resources. We seek to obtain patent protection for our innovations. It is possible, however, that some of these innovations may not be protectable. In addition, given the costs of obtaining patent protection, we may choose not to protect certain innovations that later turn out to be important. Furthermore, there is always the possibility, despite our efforts, that the scope of the protection gained will be insufficient or that an issued patent may be deemed invalid or unenforceable. Our inability or failure to protect our intellectual property rights could have a material adverse effect on our business by reducing the value of our products, services and brand. *We occasionally become subject to commercial disputes that could harm our business by distracting our management from the operation of our business, by increasing our expenses and, if we do not prevail, by subjecting us to potential monetary damages and other remedies.* From time to time we are engaged in disputes regarding our commercial transactions. These disputes could result in monetary damages or other remedies that could adversely impact our financial position or operations. Even if we prevail in these disputes, they may distract our management from operating our business and the cost of defending these disputes would reduce our operating results. *We have been named as a party in various legal proceedings, and we may be named in additional litigation, all of which will require significant management time and attention, result in significant legal expenses and may result in an unfavorable outcome, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.* We are and may become subject to various legal proceedings and claims that arise in or outside the ordinary course of business. Certain current lawsuits and pending proceedings are described under Part I, Item 3. “Legal Proceedings.” The results of these lawsuits and future legal proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty. Also, our insurance coverage may be insufficient or not provide any coverage at all for certain claims, our assets may be insufficient to cover any amounts that exceed our insurance coverage, and we may have to pay damage awards or otherwise may enter into settlement arrangements in connection with such claims. Any such payments or settlement arrangements in current or future litigation could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results or financial condition. Even if the plaintiffs’ claims are not successful, current future litigation could result in substantial costs and significantly and adversely impact our reputation and divert management’s attention and resources, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results or financial condition. In addition, such lawsuits may make it more difficult to finance our operations. *We are currently party to litigation with one of our directors relating to approximately $9 million and approximately 3.15 million warrants which the director claims are owed to him and his affiliates. An adverse ruling on these claims in this litigation would materially and adversely affect our business results or operating and financial condition, dilute our shareholders’ equity interests in the Company and could adversely affect our stock price.* The Company is presently engaged in a dispute with one of its former directors, Robert Kopple, relating to approximately $9 million and approximately 3.15 million warrants which Mr. Kopple claims to be owed to him and his affiliates by the Company. In July 2017, Mr. Kopple filed suit against the Company as well as against the then other present and former members of the Board of Directors in connection with these allegations. The Company believes that it has valid defenses in these matters and believes that no warrants are due to Mr. Kopple or his affiliates. The Company intends to vigorously defend against these claims. However, if Mr. Kopple were to prevail, an adverse ruling on these claims would materially and adversely affect our business results or operating and financial condition, dilute our shareholders’ equity interests in the Company and could adversely affect our stock price. See Item 3. “Legal Proceedings”, “Liquidity and Capital Resources” in “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information regarding the transactions under dispute. *Our business is not diversified. If we cannot increase market acceptance of our products, modify our products and services, or compete with new technologies, we may never be profitable.* We currently focus all of our resources on the successful commercialization of the AuraGen® family of products. Because we have elected to focus our business on a single product line rather than diversifying into other areas, our success will be dependent upon the commercial success of these products. If we are unable to increase market acceptance of our products, if we are unable to modify our products and services on a timely basis so that we lose customers, or if new technologies make our technology obsolete, we may never be profitable. *Most of our competitors are larger and better financed than we are and have a greater presence in the marketplace. Our business may be adversely affected by industry competition.* Both in the U.S. and internationally, the industries in which we operate are extremely competitive. We face substantial competition from companies that have a long history of offering traditional auxiliary power units (portable generators), traditional automotive alternators, and inverters (a device that inverts battery direct current electricity to alternating current). Most of our competitors have substantially greater financial resources, spend considerably larger sums than we spend on research, new product development and marketing, and have long-standing customer relationships. Furthermore, we must compete with many larger and better-established companies in the hiring and retention of qualified personnel. Although we believe we have significant technological advantages over our competitors, realizing and maintaining such advantages will require us to develop customer relationships and will also depend on market acceptance of our products. We may not have the financial resources, technical expertise, or marketing and support capabilities to compete successfully, which would materially and adversely affect our business. *We may not be able to establish an effective distribution network or strategic OEM relationships, in which case our sales will not increase as expected and our financial condition and results of operations would be adversely affected.* We are in the very beginning stages of developing our distribution network and establishing strategic relationships with original equipment manufacturer (OEM) customers. We may not be able to identify appropriate distributors or OEM customers on a timely basis. The distributors with which we partner may not focus adequate resources on selling our products or may otherwise be unsuccessful in selling them. In addition, we cannot assure you that we will be able to establish OEM relationships on favorable terms or at all. The lack of success of distributors or OEM customers in marketing our products would adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. *If we are unable to locate and lease a new facility for limited production, testing, warehousing, engineering and office space, it would have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.* Our current Stanton facility is not sufficient to support our expected operations in 2020. Accordingly, the Company is planning to eventually look for a new facility that would be used for limited production, testing, warehousing and engineering as well as needed office space for support staff. The inability to locate a suitable facility could adversely affect our financial performance, business operations and growth. Appropriate locations or financing for the lease of a new facility may not be available at reasonable costs or at all. Our failure to secure a new facility will impede our business strategy. *If we are successful in executing our business plan to grow our business, our failure to efficiently manage our growth could have an adverse effect on our business.* If we are successful in executing our business plan, we may experience growth in our business that could place a significant strain on our management and other resources. Our ability to manage this growth will require us to successfully assimilate new employees, improve existing management information systems and reorganize our operations. If we fail to manage growth efficiently, our business could be adversely affected. *We may experience delays in product shipments and increased product costs because we depend on third party manufacturers for certain product components. Delays in product shipment or an inability to replace certain suppliers could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.* We currently do not have the capability to manufacture most of the AuraGen® components on a commercial scale. Therefore, we rely extensively on contracts with third party manufacturers for such components. The use of third-party manufacturers increases the risk of delay of shipments to our customers and increases the risk of higher costs if our manufacturers are not available when required. Our suppliers and manufacturers may not supply us with a sufficient amount of components or components of adequate quality, which would delay production of our product. We do not currently have written agreements with any suppliers. Furthermore, those suppliers who make our more technically difficult components may not be easily replaced. Any of these disruptions in the supply of components could have a material adverse effect on our business or results of operations. *Although we generally aim to use standard parts and components for our products, some of our components are currently available only from limited sources.* We may experience delays in production of the AuraGen® if we fail to identify alternate vendors, or if any parts supply is interrupted or reduced or if there is a significant increase in production costs, each of which could materially adversely and affect our business and operations. *We will need to renew sources of component supplies to meet increases in demand for the AuraGen®. There is no assurance that our suppliers can or will supply the components to us on favorable terms or at all.* As we recommence our operations and in order to meet future demand for AuraGen® systems, we will need to renew contracts or form new contracts with our prior manufacturers and suppliers or locate other suitable manufacturers and suppliers for subassemblies and other components. Recently, we entered into discussions with several of our prior suppliers and we are in the process of negotiating settlements of old payables and arranging new supply contracts. Although we believe that there are a number of potential manufacturers and suppliers of the components, we cannot guarantee that contracts for components can be obtained on favorable terms or at all. Any material adverse change in terms of the purchase of these components could increase our cost of goods. *We need to invest in tooling to have a more extensive line of products. If we cannot expand our tooling, it may not be possible for us to expand our operations.* We are currently limited in the products that we are able to manufacture because of the limitations of our tooling capabilities. In order to have a broader line of products that address industrial and commercial needs, we must make a significant investment in additional tooling or pursue new alternatives such as 3D printing to replace traditional tooling. We do not currently have the funds required to acquire new tooling or to obtain replacements and no assurances can be given that we will have the required funds in the future. If we do not acquire the required funds for tooling or replacement tooling, we may not be able to expand our product line to meet industrial and commercial needs. *We are subject to government regulation that may restrict our ability to use certain suppliers outside the U.S. or to sell our products into certain countries. If we cannot obtain the required approval from government agencies, then our business may be adversely affected.* We depend on third party suppliers for our parts and components, some of which are located outside of the United States. In the event that some of these suppliers are barred from selling their products in the United States, or cannot meet other U.S. government regulations, we would need to locate other suppliers, which could delay or prevent us from shipping product to our customers. We use copper, steel and aluminum in our product and in the event of government regulations or restrictions of these materials we may experience a shortage of these materials to manufacture our product. Furthermore, U.S. law restricts us from selling products in some potential foreign markets without U.S. government approval. If we cannot obtain the required approvals from government agencies to obtain materials or contract with suppliers or if we are restricted by government regulation from selling our products into certain countries, our business may be adversely affected. *We face changes in global and local economic conditions that may adversely affect consumer demand and spending, our manufacturing operations or sources of merchandise and international operations.* Our industry is subject to variations in the general economy and to uncertainty regarding future economic prospects. Such uncertainty, as well as other variations in global economic conditions such as rising fuel costs, wage and benefit inflation, currency fluctuations, import and export tariffs and increasing interest rates, may continue to cause inconsistent and unpredictable customer spending while increasing our own input costs. In addition, this uncertainty has had, and may continue to have, an unprecedented negative impact on the global credit markets. Credit has tightened significantly in the last year, resulting in financing terms that are less attractive to borrowers, and in many cases, the unavailability of certain types of debt financing. These risks, as well as industrial accidents or work stoppages, could also severely disrupt our manufacturing operations, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial performance. Our ability to obtain adequate supplies or to control our costs may be adversely affected by events affecting international commerce and businesses located outside the United States, including natural disasters, changes in international trade, central bank actions, changes in the relationship of the U.S. dollar versus other currencies, labor availability and cost, and other governmental policies of the U.S. and the countries from which we import our merchandise or in which we operate facilities. The inability to import products from certain foreign countries or the imposition of significant tariffs could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. *Acquisitions, joint ventures, and strategic alliances may have an adverse effect on our business.* We expect to continue examining potential joint ventures and strategic alliances as part of our long-term business strategy. In March 2017, we entered into a joint venture agreement with a Chinese partner. This joint venture arrangement and other transactions and arrangements involve significant challenges and risks, including that they do not advance our business strategy, that we get an unsatisfactory return on our investment, that we have difficulty integrating and retaining new employees, business systems, and technology, or that they distract management from our other businesses. If an arrangement fails to adequately anticipate changing circumstances and interests of a party, it may result in early termination or renegotiation of the arrangement. The success of these transactions and arrangements will depend in part on our ability to leverage them to enhance our existing products and services or develop compelling new ones. It may take longer than expected to realize the full benefits from these transactions and arrangements, such as increased revenue, enhanced efficiencies, or increased market share, or the benefits may ultimately be smaller than we expected. These events could adversely affect our operating results or financial condition. *We rely on highly skilled personnel and, if we are unable to retain or motivate key personnel or hire qualified personnel, we may not be able to grow effectively.* Our performance is largely dependent on the talents and efforts of highly skilled individuals. Our future success depends on our continuing ability to identify, hire, develop, motivate, and retain highly skilled personnel for all areas of our organization. Our continued ability to compete effectively depends on our ability to attract new employees and to retain and motivate our existing employees. The incentives to attract, retain and motivate employees provided by our ability to pay competitive salaries as well as offering additional incentives such as stock option grants or by future arrangements may not be as effective as in the past. If we do not succeed in attracting excellent personnel or retaining or motivating existing personnel, we may be unable to grow effectively. ***Our business is subject to the risks of earthquakes and other natural catastrophic events, and to interruptions by man-made problems such as computer viruses or terrorism.*** Our corporate headquarters and our research and development operations are located in the State of California in regions known for seismic activity. A significant natural disaster, such as an earthquake, in this region could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, our servers are vulnerable to computer viruses, break-ins, and similar disruptions from unauthorized tampering with our computer systems. Any such event could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. ***Failure to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting could adversely affect our business and the market price of our Common Stock.*** Pursuant to rules adopted by the SEC under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, we are required to assess the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting and provide a management report on our internal controls over financial reporting in all annual reports. This report contains, among other matters, a statement as to whether our internal controls over financial reporting are effective and the disclosure of any material weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting identified by management. Section 404 also requires our independent registered public accounting firm to audit the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. While we currently believe our internal controls over financial reporting are effective, we are required to comply with Section 404 on an annual basis. The Company does not have the financial resources to fully comply with all requirements of Section 404. If, in the future, we identify one or more material weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting during this continuous evaluation process, our management may not be able to assert that such internal controls are effective. Although we currently anticipate satisfying the requirements of Section 404 in a timely fashion, we cannot be certain as to the timing of completion for our future evaluation, testing and any required remediation. Therefore, if we are unable to assert that our internal controls over financial reporting are effective in the future, or if our auditors are unable to attest that our internal controls are effective or they are unable to express an opinion on the effectiveness of our internal controls, we could lose investor confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, which would have an adverse effect on our business and the market price of our Common Stock. *Trading on the OTC Markets is volatile and sporadic, which could depress the market price of our common stock and make it difficult for our stockholders to resell their shares.* Our common stock is quoted on the Pink Sheets of the OTC Markets. Trading in stock quoted on the OTC Markets is often thin and characterized by wide fluctuations in trading prices, due to many factors, some of which may have little to do with our operations or business prospects. This volatility could depress the market price of our common stock for reasons unrelated to operating performance. Moreover, the OTC Markets is not a stock exchange, and trading of securities on the OTC Markets is often more sporadic than the trading of securities listed on a quotation system like NASDAQ or a stock exchange like the New York Stock Exchange. These factors may result in investors having difficulty reselling any shares of our common stock. ## Properties As filed, 1,187 characters. Our current facilities consist of approximately 20,000 square feet in Stanton, California and an additional storage facility in Santa Clarita, California. The Stanton facility is currently used for some testing of AuraGen® systems. The facility is rented on a short-term basis. The rent for the Stanton facility is $10,000 per month and the storage facility is additional $5,000 per month. The Company also rents temporary space on a month-to-month basis. Our current Stanton facility is not sufficient to support the expected operations in 2020. Accordingly, the Company is planning to eventually look for a new facility that would be used for limited production, testing, warehousing and engineering as well as needed office space for support staff. Our Jiangsu Shengfeng joint venture, of which the Company owns 49% and as further described in “Business—Introduction”, owns facilities of approximately 400,000 square feet, consisting of approximately 200,000 square feet of manufacturing space and 200,000 square feet of general office and engineering space. The Jiangsu Shengfeng facilities are fully paid for and there is no monthly or annual rent associated with these facilities. ## Legal proceedings As filed, 9,244 characters. We are subject to the legal proceedings and claims discussed below as well as certain other legal proceedings and claims that have not been fully resolved and that have arisen in the ordinary course of business. Our management evaluates our exposure to these claims and proceedings individually and in the aggregate and evaluates potential losses on such litigation if the amount of the loss is estimable and the loss is probable. However, the outcome of legal proceedings and claims brought against the Company is subject to significant uncertainty. Although management considers the likelihood of such an outcome to be remote, if one or more of these legal matters were resolved against the Company for amounts in excess of management’s expectations, the Company’s consolidated financial statements for that reporting period could be materially adversely affected. The Company settled certain matters subsequent to year end that did not individually or in the aggregate have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition or operating results. In 2017, the Company’s former COO was awarded approximately $238,000 in accrued salary and related charges by the California labor board. The Company believes that this award does not reflect the amount owed which is significantly lower and is exploring all its options and available remedies and is working toward an offer to settle this matter. The Company and the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, Melvin Gagerman, are among several defendants named in a lawsuit filed by two secured creditors demanding repayment of loans totaling $125,000 plus accrued interest and exemplary damages. In January 2017, the Company entered into an agreement with all secured creditors other than the two plaintiffs. However, because secured creditors holding in excess of 97% of the issuable stock upon conversion have executed the agreement, the agreement is binding on all of the secured creditors, including the two plaintiffs. That agreement, among other provisions, waives all past events of default. It is the Company’s position that the two plaintiffs are not entitled to any payment or other relief at this time and therefore that they have no valid claim against the Company or Mr. Gagerman. In March 2017, plaintiffs moved for partial summary adjudication against the Company and Mr. Gagerman; however, the Court denied plaintiff’s motion. Thereafter, the Court sustained demurrers by Mr. Gagerman and the Company; as a result of these successful demurrers, in February, /2017. Mr. Gagerman was dismissed from the suit altogether and all claims against the Company but one have been dismissed by the Court as well. In September 2018 the court entered a judgement of approximately $235,000 in favor of the two secured creditors. The Company has filed an appeal which is currently pending. The Company is presently engaged in a dispute with one of its former directors, Robert Kopple, relating to approximately $9 million and approximately 3.15 million warrants which Mr. Kopple claims to be owed to him and his affiliates by the Company. In July 2017, Mr. Kopple filed suit against the Company as well as against current director Mr. Diaz-Verson and former directors Mr. Breslow and Mr. Howsmon, as well as Mr. Gagerman, the current CEO (not a director) in connection with these allegations. In 2018, the Court sustained demurrers by Mr. Diaz-Verson, Mr. Breslow, Mr. Howsmon and Mr. Gagerman and as a result of these successful demurrers, all four of these defendants have been dismissed from the suit. While the Company believes that it has certain valid defenses in these matters, the Company is currently in settlement discussions with Mr. Kopple. If the settlement negotiation is unsuccessful, the Company intends to vigorously defend against these claims. See “Liquidity and Capital Resources” in “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information regarding the transactions under dispute with Mr. Kopple. In April 2018, the Company filed suit against its former counsel, Kilpatrick Townsend &Stockton LLP relating to various acts of malpractice and breach of fiduciary duty committed by the firm in connection with its representation of Aura. In June 2018, Kilpatrick Townsend &Stockton LLP filed a cross-complaint against the Company claiming approximately $400,000 in allegedly unpaid legal fees. The Company has reached a settlement agreement with Kilpatrick Townsend & Stockton LLP on January 11, 2019 which released the claims of all parties and ended all litigation between the parties. In February 2018, the Company failed to issue approximately 2.3 million shares of stock contractually owed to BetterSea, LLC (“BetterSea”), which is wholly owned by Mr. Zvi “Harry” Kurtzman. Mr. Kurtzman then proceeded to sue the Company for failing to issue the required stock to BetterSea LLC. The required stock was then issued in the name of Zvi Kurtzman on August 15, 2018, along with an additional 5,108,291 shares (approximately 12% of the then outstanding shares of the Company) for not having issued the shares quickly enough and for the fact that the price of the stock had decreased. The Company also paid $20,000 in legal fees on behalf of Mr. Kurtzman related to this lawsuit. On April 8, 2019, a complaint (the “Action”) was filed in the Court of Chancery in the State of Delaware (“Court”) against the Company by Cipora Lavut, Robert Lempert, David Mann, Peter Dalrymple and Zvi (Harry) Kurtzman, stockholders of the Company, alleging that stockholder consents removing Ron Buschur, Si Ryong Yu and William Anderson from the Board of Directors and appointing Lavut, Mann and Lempert were valid and effective (the “Consents”). The Consents were executed by Cipora Lavut, Robert Lempert, David Mann, Peter Dalrymple, Zvi (Harry) Kurtzman, Elimelech Lowy and Donald Kendall, Jr. Cipora Lavut is the sister of Harry Kurtzman. Harry Kurtzman was CEO and Chairman of the Company until December 2001, departing prior to entering into a Consent Decree with the SEC in June 2002 whereby Mr. Kurtzman was permanently and unconditionally barred from serving as an officer or director of any public company, which Consent Decree followed a previous 1996 SEC enforcement action whereby Mr. Kurtzman was found to have made materially false and misleading statements and omissions in the Company’s reports filed with the SEC. Ms. Lavut was previously Senior Vice President, Corporation Communications of the Company and also departed in December 2001. Ms. Lavut was not named in the SEC complaint. The Consents were delivered by Mr. Kurtzman shortly after the Company advised Mr. Kurtzman that the Company would not renew a consulting agreement with BetterSea LLC, a company controlled by Harry Kurtzman. On April 16, 2019, Mr. Dalrymple revoked his approval of the Consents and requested to be removed as a plaintiff in the Action, which was granted by the Court on April 24, 2019. Subsequently, Mr. Kendall also revoked his approval of the Consents. Pursuant to its counterclaim filed with the Court, the Company denies that the Consents are valid as they were not executed by stockholders representing the requisite number of shares held of record to effectuate the actions in the Consents, they fail to satisfy the requirements of the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation, Bylaws and the Delaware General Corporation Law and the plaintiff’s claims are barred by the doctrine of unclean hands. On April 18, 2019, the Court issued a Status Quo Order providing that the Board of Directors will consist of the current incumbent directors, Si Ryong Yu, Ronald Buschur, William Anderson, Gary Douglas and Salvador Diaz-Version, Jr., pending further decision by the Court, that Cipora Lavut, Robert Lempert, and David Mann are not members of the Board, pending further order of the court, and that the current Board may not take certain actions outside the ordinary course of business without notice to the plaintiffs. On May 15, 2019, the plaintiffs filed another action in Court requesting the Company to hold an annual stockholder meeting. On May 20, 2019, the Company filed a letter with the Court requesting the Court to lift the Status Quo Order in light of actions taken by plaintiffs. The Company advised the Court that it was willing to hold an annual meeting as soon as reasonably practicable, but it was prevented from doing so by the Status Quo Order issued at plaintiffs’ request. On May 24, 2019, the Court revised the Status Quo Order, deleting a provision that prevented the Company from taking action that required a Board vote without prior notice and another provision that prevented the Board from taking action that could result in any changes to the members or size of the Board without prior notice. The Court also reduced the time of notice for certain actions related to the Company’s debt. The remaining provisions of the Status Quo Order remain in place. On June 4, 2019, the Company announced that it will hold an annual stockholder meeting on August 26, 2019. A hearing on the validity of the Consents is scheduled for June 28, 2019. ## Management's discussion and analysis As filed, 24,505 characters. ### Forward Looking Statements. *This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations includes forward-looking statements. For cautions about relying on such forward-looking statements, please refer to the section entitled “Forward Looking Statements” at the beginning of this Report immediately prior to “Item 1”.* ### Overview During the first half of fiscal 2016, the Company significantly reduced operations due to lack of financial resources. During the second half of fiscal 2016, the Company’s operations were disrupted when the Company was forced to move from its facilities in Redondo Beach, California to a smaller facility in Stanton, California. Operations during the second half of fiscal 2016 were sporadic. During fiscal 2017, fiscal 2018 and fiscal 2019, the Company suspended most of its engineering, manufacturing, sales, and marketing activities to focus on renegotiating numerous financial obligations and minimizing expenditures while it attempted to raise additional funding and pursue some initial engineering activities. In fiscal 2018, the Company successfully eliminated approximately 68% of its total indebtedness. Specifically, in fiscal 2018, our secured creditors converted approximately $5.73 million of secured debt into approximately 4.1 million shares of the Company’s common stock. The converted debt represents approximately 80% of the total secured debt of the Company. The balance of the secured debt (approximately $960,000) is to be paid to the secured creditors in cash if the Company raises at least $4.0 million in proceeds through new equity offerings in one or a series of related offerings. Additionally, in fiscal 2018, approximately 12.77 million of unsecured debt was converted into approximately 9.3 million shares of the Company’s common stock and approximately $12.3 million of unsecured debt was forgiven. In total, during fiscal 2018, the Company therefore eliminated a total of approximately $30.23 million of debt. As of the date of this filing, Robert Kopple, the Company’s former Vice Chairman of the Board, is the only significant unsecured note holder that has not agreed to restructure his debt. Mr. Kopple claims that he and his affiliates are owed approximately $9 million on terms significantly preferable to other similarly-situated unsecured creditors. The Company disputes Mr. Kopple’s claims. See “Item 3. Legal Proceedings” included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for information regarding the dispute with Mr. Kopple regarding these transactions. Mr. Kopple has not accepted the Company’s numerous offers to restructure this debt. On February 14, 2018, the Company effectuated a one-for-seven reverse stock split. For fiscal 2019, the Company restarted some of its engineering activities as well as completed an initial restart of the manufacturing of the AuraGen® product. The Company utilized contractors for these services in order to minimize its expenses while it continued to pursue new sources of financing. The Company is planning to restart operations with a new management team once it obtains adequate financing. Our business is based on the exploitation of our patented mobile power solution known as the AuraGen for commercial and industrial applications and the VIPER for military applications. Our business model consists of two major components; (i) sales and marketing, (ii) design and engineering. (i) Our sales and marketing approach is composed of direct sales in North America and the use of agents, distributors and joint ventures for sales internationally. In North America, our primary focus is in (a) transport refrigeration, and (b) U.S. Military applications. (ii)The second component of our business model is focused on the design of new products and engineering support for the sales activities described above. The engineering support consists of the introduction of new features for our AuraGen® solution such as higher power, different voltages, three phase options, shore power systems, higher current solutions as well as interface kits for different platforms. After suspending the majority of our engineering, manufacturing, sales, and marketing activities to focus on renegotiating numerous financial obligations in fiscal 2018 and 2019, we expect modest engineering activities budgeted at approximately $750,000 during the fiscal 2020 year. Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates Our management’s discussion and analysis of our financial conditions and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of financial statements requires management to make estimates and disclosures on the date of the financial statements. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates, including, but not limited to, those related to revenue recognition. We use authoritative pronouncements, historical experience and other assumptions as the basis for making judgments. Actual results could differ from those estimates. We believe that the following critical accounting policies affect our more significant judgments and estimates in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. Revenue Recognition The Company adopted Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606. ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, establishes principles for reporting information about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from the entity’s contracts to provide goods or services to customers. The core principle requires an entity to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration that it expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for those goods or services recognized as performance obligations are satisfied. The Company has assessed the impact of the guidance by performing the following five steps analysis: Step 1: Identify the contract Step 2: Identify the performance obligations Step 3: Determine the transaction price Step 4: Allocate the transaction price Step 5: Recognize revenue #### Inventory Valuation and Classification Inventories are valued at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out) or market, on a standard cost basis. We review the components of inventory on a regular basis for excess or obsolete inventory based on estimated future usage and sales. The Company has minimally operated and therefore has only produced minimal product since late 2015. As a result, while the Company believes that a portion of the inventory has value, we are unable to substantiate its demand and market value and as a result have elected to reserve it in its entirety as of February 28, 2019 and February 28, 2018. #### Stock-Based Compensation The Company accounts for stock-based compensation under the provisions of FASB ASC 718, “Compensation – Stock Compensation”, which requires the measurement of all share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, using a fair value-based method and the recording of such expense in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company accounts for stock option and warrant grants issued and vesting to non-employees in accordance with FASB ASC 505-50, “Equity Based Payments to Non-Employees”, whereas the fair value of the equity-based compensation is based upon the measurement date as determined at the earlier of either (a) the date at which a performance commitment is reached or (b) at the date at which the necessary performance to earn the equity instruments is complete. For the past, several years and in accordance with established public company accounting practice, the Company has consistently utilized the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to calculate the fair value of stock options and warrants issued as compensation, primarily to management, employees, and directors. The Black-Scholes option-pricing model is a widely-accepted method of valuation that public companies typically utilize to calculate the fair value of options and warrants that they issue in such circumstances. Results of Operations Fiscal 2019 compared to Fiscal 2018 #### Revenues The Company had revenues of $39,274 and $0 in the years ended February 28, 2019 and February 28, 2018, respectively. The Company essentially ceased operations in late 2015 and has only recently begun to attempt to restart operations. #### Cost of Goods Cost of goods sold were $170,263 and $0 in the years ended February 28, 2019 and February 28, 2018, respectively. The Company continues to fully reserve all inventory items due to our inability to show salability on a going forward basis. Therefore, all items purchased for the manufacture of our products that are not used in the current year are reserved for and charged to cost of goods sold. #### Engineering, Research and Development Engineering, research and development costs increased $391,957 to $494,636 in fiscal 2019 from $102,679 in fiscal 2018. The increase is a result of expenses incurred in the process of designing a new electronic control unit (“ECU”) for our AuraGen products as well as sustaining engineering expenses related to the restart of manufacturing capability. #### Selling, General and Administrative Expense Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased $333,109 to $5,470,228 in fiscal 2019 from $5,803,337 in fiscal 2018. The reduction in expenses was largely due to a reduction of $288,712 in non-cash charges for shares of common stock of the Company issued to Mr. Kurtzman. Expenses in fiscal 2019 included a non-cash charge of $1,992,252 for 5,108,335 shares of common stock of the Company issued to Mr. Kurtzman, (approximately 12% of the then outstanding shares), as a result of the lawsuit filed by Mr. Kurtzman for not receiving shares due him under the restructuring agreement in a timely enough manner, and for the fact that the price of the stock had decreased. Expenses in fiscal 2018 included a non-cash charge of $2,280,964 for 2,256,400 shares of common stock of the Company issued to Harry Kurtzman given to him under the restructuring agreement. Additionally, for fiscal 2019 the Company was billed a total of $378,534 for consulting services by Mr. Kurtzmans’ wholly owned entity, BetterSea LLC, and a total of $401,631 in billings from TMK Assoc., the Company’s corporate counsel, which is owned by Mr. Kurtzmans’ daughter. For fiscal 2018, the Company was billed $434,312 for consulting services by BetterSea LLC, and an additional $346,089 in billings from TMK Assoc. Of the $5,470,228 in Selling, General and Administrative expenses incurred in fiscal 2019, a total of $2,772,417, or 51%, was incurred by the Kurtzman family. Of the $5,803,337 in Selling, General and Administrative expenses incurred in fiscal 2018, a total of $3,061,365, or 53%, was incurred by the Kurtzman family. In fiscal 2019, cash paid to BetterSea LLC totaled $388,506 and cash paid to TMK Assoc. totaled $336,977, and cash paid to Koby Lavut, son of Cipora Lavut, totaled $18,705 for expenses, for total cash paid to the Kurtzman family of $744,188, or 31% of the total cash used in operations by the Company. In fiscal 2018, cash paid to BetterSea LLC totaled $453,062, cash paid to TMK Assoc totaled $569,325, cash paid to Cipora Lavut, Harry Kurtzman’s sister, for accrued and unpaid wages totaled $50,000 and cash paid to Yaira Kurtzman, Harry Kurtzman’s daughter, for accrued and unpaid wages totaled $22,040 and cash paid to Koby Lavut for expenses totaled $5,504. These amounts total $1,099,931 or approximately 39% of total cash used in operations for fiscal 2018. Additionally, the Company repaid a demand loan in the amount of $197,190 to Chana Kurtzman, Harry Kurtzman’s mother, for total cash paid to the Kurtzman family of $1,297,121 in fiscal 2018. None of the other demand notes owed by the Company were repaid in fiscal 2018. #### Non-Operating Income and Expense Net interest expense decreased to $1,078,873 in fiscal 2019 from $5,482,393 in fiscal 2018, a decrease of $4,403,520, as a result of the restructuring implemented in February 2018 whereby approximately $17.5 million of the Company’s debt was converted into equity. Other income in fiscal 2019 consists of approximately $2.7 million in gain on debt settlement as the Company determined that certain accounts payable items older than four years and for which collection efforts were abandoned did not have to be paid and were removed from the Company’s balance sheet. In fiscal 2018, other income consisted of $13,089,048 in gain on debt settlement as a result of the Company’s restructuring. #### Net Income/Loss We had a net loss of $4,456,401 in the year ended February 28, 2019 compared to income of $1,700,649 in the year ended February 28, 2018, due to the debt forgiveness as noted above. ### Liquidity and Capital Resources In fiscal 2019, we had a loss of approximately $4.5 million and had negative cash flows from operations of approximately $2.4 million. Contributing to the negative cash flows from operations were the following: cash paid to BetterSea LLC in fiscal 2019 totaled $388,506 and cash paid to TMK Assoc. in fiscal 2019 totaled $336,977, cash paid to Koby Lavut totaled $18,705 for total cash paid to the Kurtzman family of $744,188, or 31% of the total cash used in operations by the Company. In fiscal 2018, cash paid to BetterSea LLC totaled $453,062, cash paid to TMK Assoc totaled $569,325, cash paid to Cipora Lavut, totaled $50,000 and cash paid to Yaira Kurtzman totaled $22,040 and cash paid to Koby Lavut totaled $5,504. These amounts total $1,099,931 or approximately 39% of total cash used in operations. Additionally, the company repaid a demand loan in the amount of $197,190 to Chana Kurtzman, Harry Kurtzman’s mother, for total cash paid to the Kurtzman family of $1,297,121 in fiscal 2018. None of the other demand notes owed by the Company were repaid in fiscal 2018. At February 28, 2019, we had cash of approximately $358,000, compared to cash of approximately $748,000 at February 28, 2018. Working capital at February 28, 2019 was a negative $17.4 million as compared to a negative $20.6 million at the end of the prior fiscal year. Accounts payable decreased $2.7 million due primarily to the elimination of certain accounts payable that were more than four years old. At February 28, 2019 and 2018, we had no accounts receivable. In fiscal 2019 we made no acquisitions of property and equipment. At February 28, 2019 and February 28, 2018, we had 150,000,000 shares of $0.0001 par value common stock authorized for issuance. During the year ended February 28, 2019 the Company issued: - 2,814,063 shares of common stock for $900,500 - 5,108,291 shares of common stock in settlement valued at $1,992,250, - 2,256,444 shares of common stock for prior year stock to be issued valued at $2,280,964, - 218,750 shares of common stock for account settlement of $108,430, and - 1,312,500 shares of common stock for debt settlement of $420,000 During the year ended February 28, 2018 the Company issued: - 1,428,572 shares of common stock for $2,000,000, - 19,963,767 shares of common stock in settlement valued at $18,469,574, - 928,572 shares of common stock for services valued at $885,000 at the market value on the issuance dates - 2,653,061 shares of common stock for a subscription receivable of $1,300,000, and - 178,571 shares of common stock in settlement of $175,000 of accounts payable Subscription receivable at February 28, 2018, consisted of a $1.3 million receivable for 2,653,061 shares of the Company’s common stock from a greater than 20% shareholder, Elimelech Lowy. Per the terms of the settlement agreement with Mr. Lowy, as soon as the Company shareholders approved the -1-for-7 reverse stock split and elected a new Board of Directors, Mr. Lowy was to provide the Company with the additional $1.3 million. The shareholders approved the reverse split and elected a new Board of Directors on January 11, 2018. While the terms of the agreement called for Mr, Lowy to provide the Company with the $1.3 million by February 28, 2018, the first payment was not received until April 27, 2018, and the balance was not paid until December 2018. . During fiscal 2019 the Company received $1,225,000 in cash from Mr. Lowy with the balance of $75,000 being applied through the assumption of the B&H note by Yakov Lowy, a relative of Elimelech Lowy. While Mr. Lowy was in default of the agreement, no action was taken by the Company. The Company issued to Mr. Lowy 2,653,061 shares of common stock on February 28, 2019. In February 2018, the Company failed to issue approximately 2.3 million shares of stock contractually owed to BetterSea, LLC (“BetterSea”), which is wholly owned by Mr. Harry Kurtzman. Mr. Kurtzman then proceeded to sue the Company for failing to issue the required stock to BetterSea LLC. The required stock was then issued in the name of Zvi Kurtzman on August 15, 2018, along with an additional 5,108,291 shares (approximately 12% of the then outstanding shares of the Company) for not having issued the shares quickly enough and for the fact that the price of the stock had decreased. The Company also paid $20,000 in legal fees on behalf of Mr. Kurtzman related to this lawsuit. During the year ended February 28, 2018 we issued 135,714 shares of common stock in settlement of a note payable in the amount of $150,000 plus accrued interest of $15,288. In the past, in order to maintain liquidity, we have relied upon external sources of financing, principally equity financing and private indebtedness. We have no bank line of credit and will require additional debt or equity financing to fund ongoing operations. We cannot assure you that additional financing will be available at the times or in the amounts required to keep the business operating. Based on a cash flow analysis performed by management, we estimate that the Company will need an additional $5 million to support the Company’s operations for the fiscal year ending February 29, 2020. The issuance of additional shares of equity in connection with such financing could dilute the interests of our existing stockholders, and such dilution could be substantial. If we cannot raise the needed funds, we would also be forced to make further substantial reductions in our operating expenses, which could adversely affect our ability to implement our current business plan and ultimately our viability as a Company. *Kopple Debt -* Robert Kopple, who was a director of the Company from September 2013 through January 11, 2018, claims that the Company owes him and certain affiliated parties an aggregate of approximately $5.35 million in principal and interest, and warrants to purchase 3,273,886 shares of our common stock at a price of $0.70 per share, as a result of various loans made by Mr. Kopple and his affiliates (collectively, the “Kopple Parties”) to the Company between 2013 and 2016. In addition, Mr. Kopple claims the Company owes him approximately $3.34 million in principal and interest for a $2 million convertible note. On or about March 23, 2013, the Kopple Parties made various cash advances to the Company in the aggregate original principal amount of $2,500,000, evidenced by an unsecured convertible note (the “Original Kopple Note”) with the right to convert outstanding principal and accrued and unpaid interest at $0.50 per share. On or around June 20, 2014, $500,000 of the Original Kopple Note was reclassified as a short-term note, the principal amount of the Original Kopple Note was reduced from $2.5 million to $2.0 million and the Original Kopple Note was amended to provide that an event of default under the June 2014 Agreement (as described and defined below) would also constitute an event of default under the Original Kopple Note. Also in June 2014, the Company entered into a Financing Letter of Agreement (the “June 2014 Agreement”) with two affiliate entities of Mr. Kopple, KF Business Ventures and the Kopple Family Partnership (the “Additional Kopple Parties”), pursuant to which the Additional Kopple Parties loaned us an additional $1,000,000 (the “June 2014 Loan”). In connection with the June 2014 Loan, Mr. Kopple also added $202,205 in penalties and accrued interest, credited the Company with $200,000 for amounts previously repaid by the Company and consolidated several earlier advances into a single new note (the “June 2014 Kopple Note”) in the principal amount of $2,715,2067 and bearing simple interest at a rate of 10% per annum. The Company was also required to obtain a subordination agreement from the Breslow Parties in favor of the Kopple Parties with respect to the June 2014 Kopple Note. Pursuant to the June 2014 Agreement, the Kopple Parties also placed various restrictions on our ability to raise additional capital, hire qualified personnel and pay certain expenses without his prior approval for so long as the principal amount of his note remained outstanding. The June 2014 Kopple Note also required us to issue Mr. Kopple a stock purchase warrant (the “June 2014 Kopple Warrant”) to purchase approximately 771,000 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $0.70 per share, to be exercisable for seven years. Additionally, if we borrowed funds, issued capital stock or rights to acquire or convert into capital stock, or granted rights in respect to territories to any person for cash consideration of more than $5 million in the aggregate after the date of the June 2014 Kopple Note, we would be required to pay the entire amount of such cash consideration in excess of $5 million as a mandatory prepayment of the June 2014 Kopple Note. Additionally, Mr. Kopple required a default provision providing that in the event that the entire outstanding balance of the June 2014 Kopple Note was not paid in full prior to October 1, 2014, then for each consecutive calendar month during the period beginning October 1, 2014 and ending March 31, 2015, the Company would issue to Mr. Kopple additional stock purchase warrants, each to purchase 416,458 shares of our common stock, up to a maximum aggregate of approximately 2.5 million shares of our common stock, at $0.70 per share (the “Kopple Penalty Warrants”), the Kopple Penalty Warranties to be exercisable for seven years from the time of their respective issuances. In addition to the Kopple Penalty Warrants, the default provision under the June 2014 Kopple Note provides for a 5% late charge on the total amount due plus 15% per year interest. The Company did not repay the Kopple Parties the amounts loaned to the Company, and the Company has not yet done so. Additionally, the Company has not issued any of the Kopple Penalty Warrants and management believes that Mr. Kopple is not entitled to receive them. The Company has also cancelled the June 2014 Kopple Warrant. We consider the transactions described above with Mr. Kopple to be related transactions. See “Item 3. Legal Proceedings” included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for information regarding the dispute with Mr. Kopple regarding these transactions. *Unsecured Creditor Agreements -* In fiscal 2007 and 2018, the Company entered into several debt refinancing agreements (collectively, the “Refinancing Agreements”) with debt holders holding $2,394,520 outstanding principal, plus accrued interest in the amount of $593,446 or a total outstanding obligation in the amount of $2,987,967 The Refinancing Agreements waive all events of default, cancel and forgive some accrued interest and provide for new five-year 5% convertible notes (the “Refinancing Notes”) in the aggregate principal amount of $2,394,520, with no interest for first six months and 5% per year thereafter. When the reverse stock split became effective on February 14, 2018, the Refinancing Notes were automatically converted into 1,888,934 shares of our common stock. #### Going Concern. Our independent auditor has expressed doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern and believes that our ability is dependent on our ability to implement our business plan, raise capital and generate revenues. See Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on page F-1, together with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended February 28, 2019. ## Controls and procedures As filed, 4,911 characters. ### Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the specified time periods. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is accumulated and communicated to its management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. As of the end of the period covered by this report, the Company’s management evaluated, with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures. Based on the evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of February 28, 2019. ### Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Company’s fiscal quarter ended February 28, 2019, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. ### Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls The Company does not expect that its disclosure controls and procedures or its internal control over financial reporting will prevent all errors and all fraud. A control procedure, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable not absolute assurance that the objectives of the control procedure are met. Because of the inherent limitations in all control procedures, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the control. The design of any control procedure also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control procedure, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected. ### Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting The Company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles. Internal control over financial reporting includes policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisitions, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of February 28, 2019. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework. Based on this assessment, and on those criteria, management concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of February 28, 2019. Filed Jun 13, 2019. Source: SEC EDGAR, the filing index for accession 0001213900-19-010683. Last ingested by Listed: Oct 24, 2026, 14:57 ET. No prices; not investment advice.