# ATN International, Inc.: Form 10-Q for the period ended Mar 31, 2025

- Company: [ATN International, Inc.](/companies/atni.md) (CIK 879585)
- Form: 10-Q
- Filed: 2025-05-12
- Accepted by EDGAR: May 12, 2025, 14:55 ET
- Period: 2025-03-31
- Accession: 0001558370-25-007345
- Inline XBRL: yes
- Main document: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/879585/000155837025007345/atni-20250331x10q.htm
- All documents and exhibits: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/879585/000155837025007345/

## Figures reported in this filing

Standardized XBRL line items for the period ended 2025-03-31.

| Line item | Period | Value | XBRL concept |
| --- | --- | ---: | --- |
| Revenue | 3 months, 2025-01-01 to 2025-03-31 | $164.6m | us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax |
| Selling, general and administrative | 3 months, 2025-01-01 to 2025-03-31 | $55.2m | us-gaap:SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense |
| Operating income | 3 months, 2025-01-01 to 2025-03-31 | $2.7m | us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss |
| Interest expense | 3 months, 2025-01-01 to 2025-03-31 | $11.9m | us-gaap:InterestExpenseNonoperating |
| Income tax | 3 months, 2025-01-01 to 2025-03-31 | −$192.0k | us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit |
| Diluted EPS | 3 months, 2025-01-01 to 2025-03-31 | −$0.69 | us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted |
| Basic EPS | 3 months, 2025-01-01 to 2025-03-31 | −$0.69 | us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic |
| Diluted shares (weighted) | 3 months, 2025-01-01 to 2025-03-31 | 15,131,000 shares | us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding |
| Operating cash flow | 3 months, 2025-01-01 to 2025-03-31 | $35.9m | us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities |
| Capital expenditure | 3 months, 2025-01-01 to 2025-03-31 | $20.8m | us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment |
| Dividends paid | 3 months, 2025-01-01 to 2025-03-31 | $3.6m | us-gaap:PaymentsOfDividendsCommonStock |
| Cash and equivalents | at 2025-03-31 | $83.5m | us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue |
| Current assets | at 2025-03-31 | $305.7m | us-gaap:AssetsCurrent |
| Total assets | at 2025-03-31 | $1.71bn | us-gaap:Assets |
| Current liabilities | at 2025-03-31 | $263.7m | us-gaap:LiabilitiesCurrent |
| Total liabilities | at 2025-03-31 | $1.05bn | us-gaap:Liabilities |
| Long-term debt | at 2025-03-31 | $554.2m | us-gaap:LongTermDebtNoncurrent |
| Current portion of debt | at 2025-03-31 | $8.2m | us-gaap:LongTermDebtCurrent |
| Shareholders' equity | at 2025-03-31 | $473.3m | us-gaap:StockholdersEquity |

## Management's discussion and analysis

As filed, 87,123 characters.

### Overview

We are a leading provider of digital infrastructure and communications services with a focus on rural and remote markets in the United States, and internationally, including Bermuda and the Caribbean region.

We have developed significant operational expertise and resources that we use to augment our capabilities in our local markets. With this support, our operating subsidiaries can improve their quality of service with greater economies of scale and expertise than would typically be available in the size markets we operate in. We provide management, technical, financial, regulatory, and marketing services to our operating subsidiaries and typically receive a management fee calculated as a percentage of their revenues, which is eliminated in consolidation. We also actively evaluate investment opportunities and other strategic transactions, both domestic and international, and generally look for those that we believe fit our profile of telecommunications businesses while keeping a focus on generating excess operating cash flows over extended periods of time. We use the cash generated from our operations to maintain an appropriate ratio of debt and cash on hand and to re-invest in organic growth, to fund capital expenditures, to return value to our stockholders through dividends or stock repurchases, and to make strategic investments or acquisitions.

For further information about our financial segments and geographical information about our operating revenues and assets, see Notes 1 and 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report.

As of March 31, 2025, we offered the following types of services to our customers:

- ***Fixed Telecommunications Services***. We provide fixed data and voice telecommunications services to business and consumer customers. These services include high-speed consumer broadband and high-speed data solutions for businesses. For some markets, fixed services also include video services and revenue derived from support under certain government programs.
- ***Carrier Telecommunication Services***. We deliver services to other telecommunications providers including the leasing of critical network infrastructure such as tower and transport facilities, wholesale roaming and long-distance voice services, site maintenance and international long-distance services.
- ***Mobile Telecommunications Services***. We offer mobile communications services over our wireless networks and related equipment (such as handsets) to both business and consumer customers.
- ***Managed Services***. We provide information technology services such as network, application, infrastructure and hosting services to both our business and consumer customers to complement our fixed telecommunications services in our existing markets.

Through March 31, 2025, we identified two operating segments to manage and review our operations, as well as to support investor presentations of our results. These operating segments are as follows:

- ***US Telecom.*** In the United States, we offer fixed, carrier, and managed services to business customers and consumers in Alaska and the western United States. In 2024, we ceased providing mobility services to retail customers in the western United States.
- ***International Telecom.*** In our international markets, we offer fixed, carrier, mobility and managed services to customers in Bermuda, the Cayman Islands, Guyana and the US Virgin Islands.

The following chart summarizes the operating activities of our principal subsidiaries, the segments in which we reported our revenue and the markets we served as of March 31, 2025:

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ | ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ |
| **International Telecom** | **US Telecom** |
| **Services** **Markets** **​** **Tradenames (1)** | **Services** **Markets** **​** **Tradenames** |
| Mobility Services ​ Bermuda, Guyana, US Virgin Islands ​ One Communications, Viya | Mobility Services United States (rural markets) ​ Choice, Choice NTUA Wireless |
| Fixed Services ​ Bermuda, Cayman Islands, Guyana, US Virgin Islands ​ One Communications, Logic, Viya | Fixed Services ​ United States ​ Alaska Communications, Commnet, Choice, Choice NTUA Wireless, Sacred Wind Communications, Ethos Broadband, Deploycom |
| Carrier Services ​ Bermuda, Guyana, US Virgin Islands ​ One Communications, Viya, Essextel | Carrier Services ​ United States ​ Alaska Communications, Commnet, Sacred Wind Communications |
| Managed Services ​ Bermuda, Cayman Islands, US Virgin Islands, Guyana ​ One Communications, Logic, Viya, Brava | Managed Services United States ​ Alaska Communications, Choice |

(1) In 2024, we completed a rebranding in Guyana and GTT is now known as One Communications. We refer throughout this report to our business in Guyana as “OneGY.” In April 2025, we completed a rebranding in the US Virgin Islands and Viya is now known as One Communications. We will refer to Viya in future reports as “OneVI.”

### Carrier Managed Services

In July 2019, we entered into a Network Build and Maintenance Agreement with AT&T Mobility, LLC (“AT&T”) that we subsequently amended through March 31, 2025 (the “FirstNet Agreement”). In connection with the FirstNet Agreement, we are building a portion of AT&T’s network for the First Responder Network Authority (“FirstNet”) in or near our current operating areas in the western United States. Pursuant to the FirstNet Agreement and subject to certain limitations contained therein, all cell sites must be completed and accepted within a specified period of time. Since the inception of the project through March 31, 2025, we have recorded $75 million in construction revenue and expect to record approximately $8 million in additional construction revenue and related costs as sites are completed. We expect to substantially complete the build by the end of 2025. Revenues from construction are expected to have minimal impact on the Company’s operating income.

Following acceptance of a cell site, AT&T will own the cell site and we will assign to AT&T any third-party tower lease applicable to such cell site. If the cell site is located on a communications tower we own, AT&T will pay us pursuant to a separate lease agreement for an initial term of eight years. In addition to building the network, we will provide ongoing equipment and site maintenance and high-capacity transport to and from these cell sites for an initial term ending in 2031.

On May 10, 2023, we entered into a Carrier Managed Services Master Agreement (the “Verizon CMS Agreement”) with Cellco Partnership d/b/a Verizon Wireless (“Verizon”), pursuant to which we will provide a variety of network, infrastructure and technical services that will help deliver next generation wireless services to Verizon’s subscribers in our current operating area in the southwestern United States.

Pursuant to the Verizon CMS Agreement and subject to certain limitations contained therein, we will upgrade our wireless service in specific areas and provide services to Verizon for an initial term ending in 2030.

Following acceptance of a cell site, we will continue to own the cell site. In addition to building the network, we will provide ongoing equipment and site maintenance and high-capacity transport to and from these cell sites for an initial term ending in 2030.

With respect to each of our FirstNet and Verizon agreements, our carrier partners will continue to use our wholesale domestic mobility network for roaming services at a fixed rate per site during the construction period until such time as the cell site is completed. Thereafter, revenue from the maintenance, leasing and transport services provided is expected to generally offset revenue from wholesale mobility roaming services.

### Universal Service Fund and Other Domestic Funding Programs

In general, all telecommunications providers are obligated to contribute to the Universal Service Fund (“USF”), which is used to promote the availability of qualifying telecommunications and broadband service to low-income households, households located in rural and high-cost areas, and to schools, libraries, and rural health care providers. We contribute to the USF and also receive various forms of USF support. We are subject to audit by the Universal Service Administrative Company (“USAC”) with respect to our federal contributions and our receipts of universal service funding. To our knowledge, we comply in all material respects with applicable federal and state USF assessment and support requirements.

*USF High-Cost Support.* The Federal Communications Commission’s (“FCC) high-cost USF (or alternatives to former high-cost USF) mechanisms promote the deployment and operation of voice and broadband networks in areas where high costs would otherwise undermine the availability of service to consumers, including in rural, insular, and remote areas. High-cost support mechanisms generally include explicit conditions to deploy broadband to new locations and provide service meeting specified standards. We receive several forms of high-cost support, including but not limited to, as follows:

- We receive federal USF support under the Alaska Connect Fund (“ACF”). Beginning January 1, 2025, we began receiving $25.6 million per year and expect such annual funding to continue until December 31, 2028. Beginning in 2029 and continuing through 2034, the amount of ACF support we receive will be determined by FCC staff taking into consideration broadband deployment funded through the Broadband Equity Access and Deployment Program. The ACF replaced the $19.7 million per year that we had previously received in Connect America Fund II support in Alaska;
- As part of the Enhanced Alternative Connect America Model funding available to our operations in the southwest, we are estimated to receive approximately $109 million over the next 14 years, through 2038, with approximately $9 million annually through 2030 before a gradual step down to $6 million annually in 2038. This funding is subject to a requirement to deploy voice and broadband service at speeds of 100/20 Mbps to all required locations by the end of calendar year 2028;
- We expect to receive approximately $8 million per year in Connect America Fund II support in the rural southwest until July 2028;
- We are estimated to receive approximately $5.5 million annually in the US Virgin Islands through December 31, 2025 (this annual support is scheduled to end in 2025), subject to the requirement to enhance network resiliency and operations in those markets;
- We were awarded approximately $2.3 million annually in the western United States through December 31, 2031 as part of the Rural Digital Opportunity Fund Phase I (“RDOF”) auction. In exchange for this support, we committed to deploy voice and broadband service to covered areas within six years and to provide service in those areas for ten years. In 2024, we transferred $1.3 million of the annual awards to other providers and returned $0.3 million of the annual awards to the FCC;
- We receive state USF support in Alaska of approximately $2.5 million annually.

As of March 31, 2025, we were in compliance in all material respects with our deployment and service requirements associated with such funding. If we fail to meet these obligations or require substantial additional capital expenditures to meet the obligations in a timely manner, our revenue, results of operations and liquidity may be materially adversely impacted.

### Construction Grants

We have also been awarded construction grants to build network connectivity for eligible communities. The funding of these grants, used to reimburse us for our construction costs, is generally distributed after we incur reimbursable costs. Completion deadlines began in 2025 and once these projects are constructed, we are obligated to provide service to the participants. We expect to meet all requirements associated with these grants. As of March 31, 2025, we were awarded $155.2 million of construction grants.

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, we disbursed capital expenditures of $1.1 million under these programs and received reimbursement of $5.9 million. These cash flows are classified as investing activities in our statement of cash flows.

In addition, we partner with tribal governments to obtain grants under various government grant programs including, but not limited to, the Tribal Broadband Connectivity Program (“TBCP”) and the Rural Development Broadband ReConnect Program (“ReConnect”). These programs are administered by United States government agencies to deploy broadband connectivity in certain underserved areas. We were identified as a sub recipient of grants under these programs totaling $237 million as of March 31, 2025. Through March 31, 2025, we have received $23.2 million of funding under these programs and spent $22.2 million on construction obligations. These amounts are recorded as operating cash flows in the Company’s statement of cash flows.

### Replace and Remove Program

In July 2022, we were approved to participate in the Federal Communication Commission’s Secure and Trusted Communications Networks Reimbursement Program (the “Replace and Remove Program”), designed to reimburse providers of advanced communications services for reasonable costs incurred in the required removal, replacement, and disposal of communications equipment and services in their networks that has been deemed to pose a national security risk. Pursuant to the Replace and Remove Program, our eligible subsidiaries were initially allocated up to approximately $207 million to replace, remove and securely destroy such communications equipment and services in our networks in the western United States and in the US Virgin Islands, however, in December 2024, this program was fully funded for an increased allocation to the Company of an aggregate amount of approximately $517 million. The Replace and Remove Program requires each of our participating subsidiaries to complete the project no later than a specified deadline, which was recently extended to the second quarter of 2026.

We have incurred total expenditures of $182.1 million related to this project, of which $13.7 million were incurred in 2025. Of these total expenditures, $152.0 million were classified as capital.

At March 31, 2025, $19.5 million of capital expenditures were accrued and unpaid under the Replace and Remove Program. We expect to be reimbursed, within the next twelve months, for all amounts spent to date. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, we received $19.1 million of reimbursement under the program, of which $2.9 million was classified as operating cash inflows and $16.2 million was classified as investing cash inflows in our statement of cash flows.

### Selected Segment Financial Information

Through March 31, 2025, the Company has the following two reportable and operating segments: (i) International Telecom and (ii) US Telecom.

Operating income is the segment measure of profit or loss reported to the chief operating decision maker for purposes of assessing the segments' performance and making capital allocation decisions. We believe operating income is a useful measure of our operating results as it provides relevant and useful information to investors and other users of our financial data in evaluating the effectiveness of our operations and underlying business trends in a manner that is consistent with management's evaluation of business performance. Our chief operating decision maker is our Chief Executive Officer.

The following represents selected segment information for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands):

*For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025*

| ​ ​ ​ ​ Revenue Communication Services | ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ | ​ ​ ​ ​ International Telecom ​ ​ ​ ​ | ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ | ​ ​ ​ US Telecom ​ ​ ​ ​ | ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ | ​ ​ ​ ​ Corporate and Other (1) ​ ​ ​ ​ | ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ | ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Consolidated ​ ​ ​ ​ |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Mobility - Business | ​ | $4,849 | ​ | $39 | ​ | $— | ​ | $4,888 |
| Mobility - Consumer | ​ | ​ 21,192 | ​ | ​ — | ​ | ​ — | ​ | ​ 21,192 |
| Total Mobility | ​ | ​ 26,041 | ​ | ​ 39 | ​ | ​ — | ​ | ​ 26,080 |
| Fixed - Business | ​ | ​ 18,493 | ​ | ​ 29,244 | ​ | ​ — | ​ | ​ 47,737 |
| Fixed - Consumer | ​ | ​ 42,872 | ​ | ​ 22,415 | ​ | ​ — | ​ | ​ 65,287 |
| Total Fixed | ​ | ​ 61,365 | ​ | 51,659 | ​ | — | ​ | 113,024 |
| Carrier Services | ​ | ​ 3,904 | ​ | ​ 29,227 | ​ | ​ — | ​ | ​ 33,131 |
| Other | ​ | 1,740 | ​ | ​ 56 | ​ | ​ — | ​ | ​ 1,796 |
| Total Communication Services Revenue | ​ | 93,050 | ​ | ​ 80,981 | ​ | ​ — | ​ | ​ 174,031 |
| Construction | ​ | ​ — | ​ | ​ 1,046 | ​ | ​ — | ​ | ​ 1,046 |
| Other | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ ​ |
| Managed Services | ​ | ​ 1,446 | ​ | ​ 2,771 | ​ | ​ — | ​ | ​ 4,217 |
| Total other revenue | ​ | ​ 1,446 | ​ | ​ 2,771 | ​ | ​ — | ​ | ​ 4,217 |
| Total Revenue | ​ | ​ 94,496 | ​ | ​ 84,798 | ​ | ​ — | ​ | ​ 179,294 |
| ​ | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ ​ |
| **Operating Expenses** | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ ​ |
| Cost of communication services and other | ​ | ​ 34,963 | ​ | ​ 43,261 | ​ | ​ — | ​ | ​ 78,224 |
| Cost of construction revenue | ​ | ​ — | ​ | ​ 1,501 | ​ | ​ — | ​ | ​ 1,501 |
| Selling, general and administrative | ​ | ​ 27,143 | ​ | ​ 22,521 | ​ | ​ 5,564 | ​ | ​ 55,228 |
| Stock-based compensation | ​ | ​ 215 | ​ | ​ 78 | ​ | ​ 1,612 | ​ | ​ 1,905 |
| Transaction-related charges | ​ | ​ — | ​ | ​ — | ​ | ​ 1,436 | ​ | ​ 1,436 |
| Restructuring and reorganization expenses | ​ | ​ 1,506 | ​ | ​ 134 | ​ | ​ 190 | ​ | ​ 1,830 |
| Depreciation and amortization | ​ | ​ 15,377 | ​ | ​ 18,284 | ​ | ​ 866 | ​ | ​ 34,527 |
| Amortization of intangibles from acquisitions | ​ | ​ 251 | ​ | ​ 975 | ​ | ​ — | ​ | ​ 1,226 |
| (Gain) loss on disposition of assets and transfers | ​ | ​ 291 | ​ | ​ 459 | ​ | ​ — | ​ | ​ 750 |
| **Total Operating Expenses** | ​ | ​ 79,746 | ​ | ​ 87,213 | ​ | ​ 9,668 | ​ | ​ 176,627 |
| Income from operations | ​ | ​ 14,750 | ​ | ​ (2,415) | ​ | ​ (9,668) | ​ | ​ 2,667 |
| Other income (expenses) | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ ​ |
| Interest income | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ 272 |
| Interest expense | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ (11,950) |
| Other income | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ (2,568) |
| Other expense | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ (14,246) |
| **Loss before income taxes** | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ (11,579) |
| **​** | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ ​ |
| **Other segment disclosures:** | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ ​ |
| **​** | ​ | **International** | ​ | **US** | ​ | **Corporate and** | ​ | **​** **​** |
| ​ | ​ | **Telecom** | ​ | **Telecom** | ​ | **Other (1)** | ​ | **Consolidated** |
| Net (income) loss attributable to non-controlling interests | ​ | ​ (1,474) | ​ | ​ 3,933 | ​ | ​ — | ​ | ​ 2,459 |

(1) Corporate and other items refer to corporate overhead costs and consolidating adjustments.

*For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024*

| ​ ​ ​ ​ Revenue Communication Services | ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ | ​ ​ ​ ​ International Telecom ​ ​ ​ ​ | ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ | ​ ​ US Telecom ​ ​ ​ ​ | ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ | ​ ​ ​ ​ Corporate and Other (1) ​ ​ ​ ​ | ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ | ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Consolidated ​ ​ ​ ​ |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Mobility - Business | ​ | $4,808 | ​ | $74 | ​ | $— | ​ | $4,882 |
| Mobility - Consumer | ​ | ​ 21,229 | ​ | ​ 764 | ​ | ​ — | ​ | ​ 21,993 |
| Total Mobility | ​ | ​ 26,037 | ​ | ​ 838 | ​ | ​ — | ​ | ​ 26,875 |
| Fixed - Business | ​ | ​ 18,532 | ​ | ​ 34,965 | ​ | ​ — | ​ | ​ 53,497 |
| Fixed - Consumer | ​ | ​ 42,789 | ​ | ​ 22,919 | ​ | ​ — | ​ | ​ 65,708 |
| Total Fixed | ​ | ​ 61,321 | ​ | ​ 57,884 | ​ | ​ — | ​ | ​ 119,205 |
| Carrier Services | ​ | ​ 3,574 | ​ | ​ 30,052 | ​ | ​ — | ​ | ​ 33,626 |
| Other | ​ | 818 | ​ | ​ 744 | ​ | ​ — | ​ | ​ 1,562 |
| Total Communication Services Revenue | ​ | 91,750 | ​ | ​ 89,518 | ​ | ​ — | ​ | ​ 181,268 |
| Construction | ​ | ​ — | ​ | ​ 1,586 | ​ | ​ — | ​ | ​ 1,586 |
| Other | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ ​ |
| Managed Services | ​ | ​ 1,309 | ​ | ​ 2,631 | ​ | ​ — | ​ | ​ 3,940 |
| Total Other Revenue | ​ | ​ 1,309 | ​ | ​ 2,631 | ​ | ​ — | ​ | ​ 3,940 |
| Total Revenue | ​ | ​ 93,059 | ​ | ​ 93,735 | ​ | ​ — | ​ | ​ 186,794 |
| ​ | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ ​ |
| **Operating Expenses** | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ ​ |
| Cost of communication services and other | ​ | ​ 34,154 | ​ | ​ 46,385 | ​ | ​ (149) | ​ | ​ 80,390 |
| Cost of construction revenue | ​ | ​ — | ​ | ​ 1,570 | ​ | ​ — | ​ | ​ 1,570 |
| Selling, general and administrative | ​ | ​ 29,632 | ​ | ​ 25,076 | ​ | ​ 6,607 | ​ | ​ 61,315 |
| Stock-based compensation | ​ | ​ 23 | ​ | ​ 132 | ​ | ​ 1,754 | ​ | ​ 1,909 |
| Transaction-related charges | ​ | ​ — | ​ | ​ — | ​ | ​ 19 | ​ | ​ 19 |
| Restructuring and reorganization expenses | ​ | ​ 1,190 | ​ | ​ — | ​ | ​ — | ​ | ​ 1,190 |
| Depreciation and amortization | ​ | ​ 16,124 | ​ | ​ 18,138 | ​ | ​ 78 | ​ | ​ 34,340 |
| Amortization of intangibles from acquisitions | ​ | ​ 251 | ​ | ​ 1,729 | ​ | ​ — | ​ | ​ 1,980 |
| (Gain) loss on disposition of assets and transfers | ​ | ​ — | ​ | ​ 108 | ​ | ​ (601) | ​ | ​ (493) |
| **Total Operating Expenses** | ​ | ​ 81,374 | ​ | ​ 93,138 | ​ | ​ 7,708 | ​ | ​ 182,220 |
| Income from operations | ​ | ​ 11,685 | ​ | ​ 597 | ​ | ​ (7,708) | ​ | ​ 4,574 |
| Other income (expenses) | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ ​ |
| Interest income | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ 445 |
| Interest expense | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ (11,520) |
| Other income | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ 172 |
| Other expense | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ (10,903) |
| **Loss before income taxes** | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ (6,329) |
| **​** | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ ​ |
| **Other segment disclosures:** | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ ​ |
| **​** | ​ | **International** | ​ | **US** | ​ | **Corporate and** | ​ | **​** **​** |
| ​ | ​ | **Telecom** | ​ | **Telecom** | ​ | **Other (1)** | ​ | **Consolidated** |
| ​ | ​ | **​** **​** | ​ | **​** **​** | ​ | **​** **​** | ​ | **​** **​** |
| Net (income) loss attributable to non-controlling interests | ​ | ​ (1,436) | ​ | ​ 3,069 | ​ | ​ — | ​ | ​ 1,633 |

(1) Corporate and other items refer to corporate overhead costs and consolidating adjustments.

A comparison of our segment results for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 is as follows:

*International Telecom.* Revenues within our International Telecom segment increased $1.4 million, or 1.5%, to $94.5 million from $93.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, primarily as a result of an increase in carrier services revenue due to increased roaming revenues, certain project-related revenues and revenues from ancillary services.

Operating expenses within our International Telecom segment decreased by $1.7 million, or 2.1%, to $79.7 million from $81.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The net decrease was primarily the result of certain cost savings initiatives, including reorganizations and reductions in force, that were implemented in the current and previous periods.

As a result, our International Telecom segment’s operating income increased $3.1 million, or 26.5%, to $14.8 million from $11.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

*US Telecom.* Revenue within our US Telecom segment decreased by $8.9 million, or 9.5%, to $84.8 million from $93.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, primarily as a result of a $6.2 million reduction in Fixed revenues which were negatively impacted by the conclusion of both the Emergency Connectivity Fund and the Affordable Care Program, both of which provided revenue through April 2024. In addition, the US Telecom segment’s Carrier Services revenue decreased by $0.9 million primarily as the result of the transition of legacy roaming arrangements to carrier service management contracts, construction revenue declined by $0.6 million as a result of a decrease in the number of sites completed during 2025 as compared to 2024 and Mobility revenue decreased $0.8 million within our retail operations as a result of our conclusion of our providing retail mobility services under our own brand name to retail customers.

Operating expenses within our US Telecom segment decreased $5.9 million, or 6.3%, to $87.2 million from $93.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, as a result of the reduction in the direct costs of services associated with the revenue decline, and the impact of certain cost savings initiatives, including reorganization and reductions in force, that were implemented in the current and previous periods.

As a result of the above, our US Telecom segment’s operating income decreased to a loss of $2.4 million from income of $0.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

The following represents a year over year discussion and analysis of our results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands):

| ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ REVENUE: | ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ | ​ ​ ​ ​ Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 ​ | ​ ​ ​ | ​ ​ ​ ​ 2024 ​ | ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ | ​ ​ ​ ​ Amount of Increase (Decrease) ​ | ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ | ​ ​ ​ ​ Percent Increase (Decrease) ​ |
| --- | --- | ---: | --- | ---: | --- | ---: | --- | ---: |
| Communication services | ​ | $174,031 | ​ | $181,268 | ​ | $(7,237) |  | (4.0)% |
| Construction | ​ | ​ 1,046 | ​ | ​ 1,586 | ​ | ​ (540) |  | (34.0) ​ |
| Other | ​ | 4,217 | ​ | 3,940 | ​ | 277 |  | 7.0 ​ |
| Total revenue | ​ | 179,294 | ​ | 186,794 | ​ | (7,500) |  | (4.0) ​ |
| OPERATING EXPENSES (excluding depreciation and amortization unless otherwise indicated): | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ ​ |
| Cost of communications services and other | ​ | 78,224 | ​ | 80,390 | ​ | (2,166) |  | (2.7) ​ |
| Cost of construction revenue | ​ | ​ 1,501 | ​ | ​ 1,570 | ​ | ​ (69) |  | (4.4) ​ |
| Selling, general and administrative | ​ | 55,228 | ​ | 61,315 | ​ | (6,087) |  | (9.9) ​ |
| Stock-based compensation | ​ | ​ 1,905 | ​ | ​ 1,909 | ​ | ​ (4) | ​ | (0.2) ​ |
| Transaction-related charges | ​ | ​ 1,436 | ​ | 19 | ​ | 1,417 |  | 7,457.9 ​ |
| Restructuring charges | ​ | 1,830 | ​ | 1,190 | ​ | 640 |  | 53.8 ​ |
| Depreciation and amortization | ​ | 34,527 | ​ | 34,340 | ​ | 187 |  | 0.5 ​ |
| Amortization of intangibles from acquisitions | ​ | ​ 1,226 | ​ | ​ 1,980 | ​ | ​ (754) |  | (38.1) ​ |
| Loss on disposition of long-lived assets | ​ | ​ 750 | ​ | ​ (493) | ​ | ​ 1,243 |  | (252.1) ​ |
| Total operating expenses | ​ | 176,627 | ​ | 182,220 | ​ | (5,593) |  | (3.1) ​ |
| Income from operations | ​ | 2,667 | ​ | 4,574 | ​ | (1,907) |  | (41.7) ​ |
| **OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE):** | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ ​ | ​ | ​ ​ |
| Interest income | ​ | 272 | ​ | 445 | ​ | (173) |  | (38.9) ​ |
| Interest expense | ​ | ​ (11,950) | ​ | ​ (11,520) | ​ | ​ (430) |  | 3.7 ​ |
| Other income (expense) | ​ | (2,568) | ​ | 172 | ​ | (2,740) |  | (1,593.0) ​ |
| Other expense, net | ​ | (14,246) | ​ | (10,903) | ​ | (3,343) |  | 30.7 ​ |
| **LOSS BEFORE INCOME TAXES** | ​ | (11,579) | ​ | (6,329) | ​ | (5,250) |  | 83.0 ​ |
| Income tax expense (benefit) | ​ | (192) | ​ | 1,619 | ​ | (1,811) |  | (111.9) ​ |
| **NET LOSS** | ​ | (11,387) | ​ | (7,948) | ​ | (3,439) |  | 43.3 ​ |
| Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax: | ​ | 2,459 | ​ | 1,633 | ​ | 826 |  | 50.6 ​ |
| **NET LOSS ATTRIBUTABLE TO ATN INTERNATIONAL, INC. STOCKHOLDERS** | ​ | $(8,928) | ​ | $(6,315) | ​ | $(2,613) |  | 41.4% |

### Communications Services Revenue

**Mobility Revenue.** Our Mobility revenue consists of revenue generated within both our International Telecom and US Telecom segments by providing business and retail mobile voice and data services over our wireless networks as well as through the sale and repair services of related equipment, such as handsets and other accessories, to our subscribers.

Mobility revenue decreased by $0.8 million, or 3.0%, to $26.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 from $26.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The decrease in Mobility revenue, within our segments, consisted of the following:

- *International Telecom*. Within our International Telecom segment, Mobility revenue remained consistent at $26.0 million between the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. Revenue from both business and consumer customers also remained consistent with the previous year.
- *US Telecom.* Mobility revenue within our US Telecom segment decreased by $0.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024 as we recorded only a nominal amount of Mobility revenue within this segment during the three months ended March 31, 2025 due to the conclusion of our providing retail mobility services under our own brand name to retail customers.

Mobility revenue within our International Telecom may decrease as a result of increased competition and regulatory changes partially offset by our continued network upgrades, marketing efforts and conversion of our current subscriber base to higher margin prepaid and postpaid plans.

We do not expect to record Mobility revenue within our US Telecom segment in future periods due to the conclusion of our providing retail mobility services under our own brand name to retail customers.

**Fixed Revenue.** Fixed revenue is primarily generated by broadband, voice, and video service revenues provided to retail and business customers over our wireline networks. Fixed revenue within our US Telecom segment also includes awards from the Connect America Fund Phase II program, the Enhanced Alternative Connect America Cost Model program, and the Alaska Universal Service Fund. In addition, and through early April 2024, Fixed revenue within the US Telecom segment also included revenue from the Emergency Connectivity Fund (ECF) and Affordable Care Program (ACP). Within our International Telecom segment, Fixed revenue includes funding under the FCC’s High-Cost Program in the US Virgin Islands.

Fixed revenue decreased by $6.2 million, or 5.2%, to $113.0 million from $119.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. This decrease primarily pertained to a decrease in Fixed revenue from business customers and consisted of the following:

- *International Telecom*. Within our International Telecom segment, Fixed revenue increased by $0.1 million, or 0.2%, to $61.4 million from $61.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. This increase included a $0.1 million increase in revenue from consumer customers while revenue from business customers remained consistent with the previous year. ​
- *US Telecom*. Fixed revenue within our US Telecom segment decreased by $6.2 million, or 10.7%, to $51.7 million from $57.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Of this decrease, $0.5 million and $5.7 million related to decreases in revenue from consumer and business customers, respectively, primarily as a result of the conclusion of the Emergency Connectivity Fund and Affordable Care Programs, both of which provided revenue through April 2024.

Fixed revenue within our International Telecom segment may continue to increase as we expect the popularity of video and audio streaming, the demand for cloud services and smart home, business and city solutions to increase the demand for broadband and other data services from consumers, businesses and governments. However, such increases may be offset by a decrease in demand for our legacy services due to subscribers using alternative methods to receive video and audio content.

Within our US Telecom segment, we expect Fixed revenue to decrease in the short term as a result of the impact of the expiration of the Emergency Connectivity Fund and Affordable Care Program. Over time, we expect these decreases to be partially offset by increases in other business revenue in Alaska and our western United States operations as we further deploy fiber and fiber-fed broadband with organic and government grants to access to both consumers and businesses.

**Carrier Services Revenue.** Carrier Services revenue is generated by both our International Telecom and US Telecom segments. Within our International Telecom segment, Carrier Services revenue includes international long-distance services, roaming revenues generated by other carriers’ customers roaming into our retail markets, transport services and access services provided to other telecommunications carriers. Within our US Telecom segment, Carrier Services revenue includes services provided under the FirstNet Agreement and Verizon Carrier Managed Services Agreement, wholesale roaming revenues, the provision of network switching services, tower lease revenue and other services provided to other carriers.

Carrier Services revenue decreased by $0.5 million, or 1.5%, to $33.1 million from $33.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The decrease, within our segments, consisted of the following:

- *International Telecom.* Within our International Telecom segment, Carrier Services revenue increased by $0.3 million, or 8.3%, to $3.9 million, from $3.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, primarily as a result of an increase in roaming revenues in some of our international markets.
- *US Telecom*. Carrier Services revenue within our US Telecom segment decreased by $0.9 million, or 3.0%, to $29.2 million from $30.1 million, for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. This decrease is primarily the result of the transition of legacy roaming arrangements to carrier service management contracts.

Within our International Telecom segment, Carrier Services revenue may increase if international travel increases.

Within our US Telecom segment, Carrier Services revenue may decrease as a result of the impact of recent carrier service management contracts.

**Other Communications Services Revenue.** Other Communications Services revenue includes project-related revenue generated within both our International and US Telecom segments and ancillary services that the operations within our International Telecom segment provide to its retail subscribers. Other Communications Services revenue increased $0.2 million, or 12.5%, to $1.8 million from $1.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, as a result of an increase in project-related revenue and revenue from ancillary services in our International Telecom segment partially offset by a reduction in certain non-recurring project-related revenue being recognized in our US Telecom segment.

Other Communication Services revenue may increase in future periods as the demand for ancillary services increase but may be partially offset by a decrease in project-related revenues as the projects are completed.

### Construction Revenue

Construction revenue represents revenue generated within our US Telecom segment for the construction of network cell sites related to the FirstNet Agreement. During the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, Construction revenue decreased to $1.0 million from $1.6 million, respectively, primarily as a result of a decrease in the number of sites completed during 2025 as compared to 2024. We expect to substantially complete the build by the end of 2025.

### Other Revenue

**Managed Services Revenue.** Managed Services revenue is generated within both our International and US Telecom segments and includes network, application, infrastructure, and hosting services.

Managed Services revenue increased by $0.3 million, or 7.7%, to $4.2 million from $3.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The increases, within our segments, which were driven by a continued effort to sell our Managed Services solution to primarily business customers, consisted of the following:

*International Telecom.* Managed Services revenue in our International Telecom segment increased $0.1 million, or 7.7%, to $1.4 million from $1.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

*US Telecom*. Within our US Telecom segment, Managed Services revenue increased $0.2 million, or 7.7%, to $2.8 million from $2.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Managed Services revenue may continue to increase in both our US and International Telecom segments as a result of our continued effort to sell certain Managed Services solutions to primarily business customers in all of our markets.

### Operating Expenses

**Cost of communication services and other.** Cost of communication services and other are charges that we incur for voice and data transport circuits, internet capacity, video programming costs, access fees we pay to terminate our calls, telecommunication spectrum fees and direct costs associated within our managed services businesses. These costs also include expenses associated with developing, operating, upgrading and supporting our telecommunications networks, including the salaries and benefits paid to employees directly involved in the development and operation of those businesses, as well as credit loss allowances and the cost of handsets and customer resale equipment incurred by our retail businesses.

Cost of communication services and other decreased by $2.2 million, or 2.7%, to $78.2 million from $80.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The net decrease in cost of communication services and other, within our segments, consisted of the following:

- *International Telecom.* Within our International Telecom segment, cost of communication services and other increased by $0.8 million, or 2.3%, to $35.0 million from $34.2 million, for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. This increase was the result of increased transport costs, to secure capacity, and equipment expenses, as a result of an increase in equipment revenue, partially offset by the impact of cost savings initiatives, including reorganizations and reductions in force, that were implemented in the current and previous periods.
- *US Telecom*. Cost of communication services and other within our US Telecom segment decreased by $3.1 million, or 6.7%, to $43.3 million from $46.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Such decrease was a result of the beneficial impact of certain cost savings initiatives, including reorganizations and reductions in force, that were implemented in the current and previous

periods as well as a reduction in the costs associated with the Emergency Connectivity Fund program which concluded during the second quarter of 2024.

Cost of communication services in both our International and US Telecom segments may decrease as a result of the ongoing cost reduction initiatives that commenced in previous periods, but such decrease may be partially offset by future inflationary pressure.

**Cost of construction revenue.** Cost of construction revenue includes the expenses incurred in connection with the construction of and the delivery to AT&T of cell sites in accordance with our FirstNet Agreement. During the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, cost of construction revenue decreased to $1.5 million from $1.6 million, respectively, as a result of a decrease in the number of sites completed during 2025 as compared to 2024. We expect to substantially complete the build by the end of 2025.

**Selling, general and administrative expenses.** Selling, general and administrative expenses include salaries and benefits we pay to sales personnel, customer service expenses and the costs associated with the development and implementation of our promotional and marketing campaigns. Selling, general and administrative expenses also include salaries, benefits and related costs for general corporate functions including executive management, finance and administration, legal and regulatory, facilities, information technology and human resources as well as internal costs associated with our performance of due-diligence and integration related costs associated with acquisition activities.

Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased by $6.1 million, or 10.0%, to $55.2 million from $61.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The decreases in selling, general and administrative expenses occurred within all of our segments and were primarily related to certain cost containment initiatives, including reorganizations and reductions in force, that were implemented in the current and previous periods. The impact to each of our segments, consisted of the following:

- *International Telecom*. Within our International Telecom segment, our selling, general and administrative expenses decreased by $2.5 million, or 8.4%, to $27.1 million from $29.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. ​
- *US Telecom*. Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased within our US Telecom segment by $2.6 million, or 10.4%, to $22.5 million from $25.1 million, for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. ​
- *Corporate Overhead.* Selling, general and administrative expenses within our corporate overhead decreased by $1.0 million, or 15.2%, to $5.6 million from $6.6 million, for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Selling, general and administrative expenses in all our segments may continue to decrease as a result of the ongoing cost reduction initiatives that commenced in previous periods, but such decrease may be partially offset by future inflationary pressure.

**Stock-based compensation.** Stock-based compensation represents a non-cash expense related to the amortization of grants of equity awards to employees and directors.

Stock-based compensation for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 was consistent at $1.9 million.

**Transaction-related charges.** Transaction-related charges include the external costs, such as legal, tax, accounting and consulting fees directly associated with acquisition and disposition-related activities and certain financing activities that are expensed as incurred. Transaction-related charges do not include employee salary and travel-related expenses incurred in connection with acquisitions or dispositions or any integration-related costs.

We incurred $1.4 million and a nominal amount of transaction-related charges during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

**Restructuring and reorganization expenses.** In our efforts to advance our cost management actions to drive higher operating efficiencies and margins, we incurred certain restructuring and reorganization expenses, primarily reductions in force, totaling $1.5 million, $0.1 million and $0.2 million within our International Telecom segment, US Telecom segment and Corporate and Other segment, respectively, during the three months ended March 31, 2025.

We incurred certain reduction in force costs totaling $1.2 million within our International Telecom segment during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

**Depreciation and amortization expenses.** Depreciation and amortization expenses represent the depreciation and amortization charges we record on our property and equipment.

Depreciation and amortization expenses increased by $0.2 million, or 0.6%, to $34.5 million from $34.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The net increase in depreciation and amortization expenses, within our segments, consisted primarily of the following:

- *International Telecom*. Depreciation and amortization expenses decreased within our International Telecom segment by $0.7 million, or 4.3%, to $15.4 million from $16.1 million, for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The decrease was the result of this segment’s reduction in capital expenditures in recent periods.
- *US Telecom*. Depreciation and amortization expenses increased within our US Telecom segment by $0.2 million, or 1.1%, to $18.3 million from $18.1 million, for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, primarily as a result of an increase in assets being placed into service in certain markets. ​
- *Corporate Overhead*. Depreciation and amortization expenses increased within our corporate overhead to $0.9 million from $0.1 million, for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, primarily as a result of additional assets being placed into service.

We expect depreciation and amortization expenses to decrease as a result of an expected decline in capital expenditures and as a result of some of our previously acquired assets becoming fully depreciated.

**Amortization of intangibles from acquisitions.** Amortization of intangibles from acquisitions include the amortization of customer relationships and trade names related to our completed acquisitions.

Amortization of intangibles from acquisitions decreased by $0.8 million to $1.2 million from $2.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

We expect that amortization of intangibles from acquisitions will continue to decrease in future periods as such assets continue to amortize.

**(Gain) loss on disposition of assets and transfers**. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, we recorded a net loss on the disposition of assets of $0.8 million. Of this net loss, $0.3 million and $0.5 million was recognized within our International and US Telecom segments, respectively.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, we recorded a gain on the disposition of assets of $0.5 million primarily relating to the previously completed disposition of our renewable energy assets.

**Interest income.** Interest income represents interest earned on our cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and short-term investment balances. Interest income was $0.3 million and $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

**Interest expense.** We incur interest expense on the 2023 CoBank Credit Facility, the 2024 Alaska Credit Facilities, the FirstNet Receivables Credit Facility, the OneGY Credit Facilities, the Sacred Wind Term Debt and the Viya Debt. In addition, interest expense includes commitment fees, letter of credit fees and the amortization of debt issuance costs.

Interest expense increased to $12.0 million from $11.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, as additional interest expense was incurred as a result of an increase in borrowings under our credit facilities.

Interest expense may increase in future periods as a result of additional borrowings or an increase in interest rates on those borrowings.

**Other income (expense).** For the three months ended March 31, 2025, other income (expense) was $2.6 million of expense primarily related to a non-operating employee-related matter, and $0.4 million in losses on foreign currency transactions.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, other income (expenses) was $0.2 million of income primarily related to certain employee benefit plans partially offset by losses on foreign currency transactions.

**Income taxes.** Our effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 was 1.7% and (25.6%), respectively.

We recorded an income tax benefit of $0.2 million in relation to a pretax loss of $11.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025. The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was primarily impacted by the following items: (i) the mix of income generated among the jurisdictions in which we operate, (ii) net expense related to valuation allowances placed on certain deferred tax assets that are not expected to be realized based on the weight of positive and negative evidence, and (iii) discrete expenses including $0.6 million for interest on prior years uncertain tax positions and $0.5 million expense associated with stock option shortfalls.

We recorded an income tax expense of $1.6 million in relation to a pretax loss of $6.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was primarily impacted by the following items: (i) the mix of income generated among the jurisdictions in which we operate, (ii) net expense related to valuation allowances placed on certain deferred tax assets that are not expected to be realizable based on the weight of positive and negative evidence, (iii) forecasted tax impact of global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) inclusion, and (iv) discrete items including expense of $1.5 million to record an uncertain tax position for the current year, and expense of $0.7 million for interest on uncertain tax positions for prior years.

Our effective tax rate is based upon estimated income before provision for income taxes for the year, composition of the income in different countries, and adjustments, if any, in the applicable quarterly periods for potential tax consequences, benefits and/or resolutions of tax contingencies. Our consolidated tax rate will continue to be impacted by any transactional or one-time items in the future and the mix of income in any given year generated among the jurisdictions in which we operate. While we believe we have adequately provided for all tax positions, amounts asserted by taxing authorities could materially differ from our accrued positions as a result of uncertain and complex application of tax law and regulations. Additionally, the recognition and measurement of certain tax benefits include estimates and judgments by management. Accordingly, we could record additional provisions or benefits for US federal, state, and foreign tax matters in future periods as new information becomes available.

**Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax.** Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax reflected an allocation of $2.5 million and $1.6 million of losses generated by our less than wholly owned subsidiaries for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Changes in net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax, within our segments, consisted of the following:

- *International Telecom*. Within our International Telecom segment, net income attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax increased by $0.1 million, or 7.1%, to an allocation of $1.5 million of income from an allocation of $1.4 million of income for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, as the result of increased profitability at certain less than wholly owned subsidiaries.
- *US Telecom.* Within our US Telecom segment, net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of tax increased by $0.8 million, or 25.8%, to an allocation of losses of $3.9 million from an allocation of losses of $3.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, as a result of increased losses at our less than wholly owned subsidiaries within this segment.

**Net loss attributable to ATN International, Inc. stockholders.** Net loss attributable to ATN International, Inc. stockholders was $8.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 as compared to $6.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

On a per diluted share basis, net loss was $0.69 per diluted share for the three months ended March 31, 2025 as compared to $0.50 per diluted share for the three months ended March 31, 2024. Such per share amounts were negatively impacted by accrued preferred dividends of $1.5 million and $1.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

### Regulatory and Tax Issues

We are involved in a number of regulatory and tax proceedings. A material and adverse outcome in one or more of these proceedings could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and future operations. For discussion of ongoing proceedings, see Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Report.

### Liquidity and Capital Resources

Historically, we have met our operational liquidity needs and have funded our capital expenditures and acquisitions through a combination of cash-on-hand, internally generated funds, borrowings under our credit facilities, proceeds from dispositions, and seller financings. We believe our current cash, cash equivalents, short term investments and availability under our current credit facilities will be sufficient to meet our cash needs for at least the next twelve months for working capital and capital expenditure requirements.

*Total liquidity.* As of March 31, 2025, we had approximately $97.3 million in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash. Of this amount, $42.6 million was held by our foreign subsidiaries and is indefinitely invested outside the United States. In addition, we had approximately $562.4 million of debt, net of unamortized deferred financing costs, as of March 31, 2025. How and when we deploy our balance sheet capacity, including the availability under our various credit facilities (as further described below), will figure prominently in our longer-term growth prospects and stockholder returns.

### Uses of Cash

*Acquisitions and investments.* We have historically funded our acquisitions with a combination of cash-on-hand, borrowings under our credit facilities as well as equity investor and seller financing.

We continue to explore opportunities to expand our telecommunications business or acquire new businesses in the United States, the Caribbean and elsewhere. Such acquisitions may require external financing. While there can be no assurance as to whether, when or on what terms we will be able to acquire any such businesses or make such investments, such acquisitions may be completed through the issuance of shares of our capital stock, payment of cash or incurrence of additional debt. From time to time, we may raise capital ahead of any definitive use of proceeds to allow us to move more quickly and opportunistically if an attractive investment materializes.

*Cash used in investing activities.* Cash used in investing activities decreased by $10.6 million to $25.1 million from $35.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. This year-over-year decrease in cash used in investing activities was primarily the result of a decrease in cash used for non-reimbursable capital expenditures of $15.2 million and a $6.7 million increase in cash inflows related to the reimbursement of capital expenditures under certain government programs. These amounts were partially offset by the increase in cash outflows for reimbursable capital expenditures of $9.0 million and a reduction in proceeds received from the sale of assets of $3.5 million.

*Cash provided (used) by financing activities.* Cash used by financing activities was $2.8 million during the three months ended March 31, 2025. Cash provided by financing activities was $19.6 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024. The decrease in cash provided by financing activities of $22.4 million was primarily the result of an increase in cash used for debt repayments, net of borrowings, of $23.5 million partially offset by a decrease in cash used to repurchase our common stock from employees to satisfy certain tax withholding obligations of $1.2 million.

*Working Capital.* We have funded our working capital needs through a combination of internally generated funds and borrowings under our credit facilities. Pursuant to the FirstNet Agreement, AT&T has the option to repay construction costs, with interest, over an eight-year period. To fund the working capital needs created by AT&T’s option to extend its payment terms, we completed the Receivables Credit Facility, as discussed below, on March 26, 2020.

For the three months ended March 31, 2025, we spent approximately $20.8 million for capital expenditures and $22.4 million for capital expenditures that are reimbursable under certain government programs. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, we spent approximately $36.0 million for capital expenditures and $13.5 million for capital expenditures that are reimbursable under certain government programs. The following notes our capital expenditures, by operating segment, for these periods (in thousands):

| ​ ​ ​ ​ Three months ended March 31, | ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ | ​ ​ Capital Expenditures ​ ​ International ​ Telecom | ​ ​ ​ ​ | ​ ​ ​ ​ US ​ Telecom | ​ ​ ​ ​ | ​ ​ ​ ​ Corporate and ​ Other (1) | ​ ​ ​ ​ | ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Consolidated |
| --- | --- | ---: | --- | ---: | --- | ---: | --- | ---: |
| 2025 | ​ | $10,803 | ​ | $32,472 | ​ | $2 | ​ | $43,277 |
| 2024 | ​ | ​ 16,915 | ​ | ​ 31,233 | ​ | ​ 1,341 | ​ | ​ 49,489 |

(1) Corporate and other items refer to corporate overhead costs and consolidating adjustments.

We are continuing to invest in our telecommunication networks along with our operating and business support systems in many of our markets. For the year ending December 31, 2025, such investments are expected to total approximately $90 million to $100 million of non-reimbursable capital expenditures and will primarily relate to network expansion and upgrades which are expected to further drive subscriber and revenue growth in future periods.

*Income taxes.* We have historically used cash-on-hand to make payments for income taxes. Our policy is to allocate capital where we believe we will get the best returns and to date has been to indefinitely reinvest the undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries. As we continue to reinvest our remaining foreign earnings, no additional provision for income taxes has been made on the accumulated earnings of foreign subsidiaries.

*Dividends.* For the three months ended March 31, 2025, our Board of Directors declared $3.7 million of dividends to our stockholders which includes a $0.24 per share dividend declared on March 20, 2025 and paid on April 7, 2025. We have declared quarterly dividends since the fourth quarter of 1998.

*Stock Repurchase Plan.* Our Board of Directors has authorized the repurchase of up to $25.0 million of our common stock, from time to time, on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions (the “2023 Repurchase Plan”). We did not repurchase any of our common stock under the 2023 Repurchase Plan during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and repurchased $0.1 million under that Plan during the three months ended March 31, 2024. As of March 31, 2025, we had $15.0 million available to repurchase shares of our common stock under the 2023 Repurchase Plan.

### Sources of Cash

*Cash provided by operations.* Cash provided by operating activities was $35.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 as compared to $23.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The increase of $12.7 million was primarily related to improvements in working capital.

### 2023 CoBank Credit Facility

On July 13, 2023, we, along with certain of our subsidiaries as guarantors, entered into a new Credit Agreement with CoBank, ACB and a syndicate of other lenders (as may be amended from time to time, the “2023 CoBank Credit Facility”). On July 10, 2024, we amended the 2023 CoBank Credit Facility to add certain subsidiaries as guarantors and to provide further flexibility in order to accept certain grant and government program obligations.

The 2023 CoBank Credit Facility provides for a five-year $170 million revolving credit facility (the “2023 CoBank Revolving Loan”) and a six-year $130 million term loan facility (the “2023 CoBank Term Loan”). We may use (i) up to $25 million under the 2023 CoBank Revolving Loan for letters of credit, and (ii) up to $20 million under a swingline sub-facility. Upon the closing of the 2023 CoBank Credit Facility, we drew all of the 2023 CoBank Term Loan and approximately $13.6 million of the 2023 CoBank Revolving Loan. These borrowings were used to repay all of the $139.5 million of debt outstanding under a previously held credit facility, upon close.

The 2023 CoBank Term Loan has scheduled quarterly principal payments in the amounts set forth below, with the outstanding principal balance maturing on July 13, 2029. The 2023 CoBank Revolving Loan may be repaid at any time on or prior to its maturity on July 13, 2028. All amounts outstanding under the 2023 CoBank Credit Facility will be due and payable upon the earlier of the maturity date or the acceleration of the loans and commitments upon an event of default.

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| ​ | ​ |
| **2023 CoBank Term Loan Quarterly Payment Dates** | **2023 CoBank Term Loan Quarterly Repayments** |
| December 31, 2023 – June 30, 2025 | $812,500 (2.5% per annum) |
| September 30, 2025 – June 30, 2026 | $1,625,000 (5% per annum) |
| September 30, 2026 – June 30, 2029 | $2,437,500 (7.5% per annum) |

Amounts borrowed under the 2023 CoBank Credit Facility bear interest at a rate equal to, at our option, either (i) the secured overnight financing rate as administered by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (SOFR) plus an applicable margin ranging between 2.00% to 3.75% for the 2023 CoBank Term Loan and 1.75% to 3.50% for Revolving Loans or (ii) a base rate plus an applicable margin ranging from 1.00% to 2.75% for the Term Loan and 0.75% to 2.50% for the 2023 CoBank Revolving Loans. Swingline loans bear interest at the base rate plus the applicable margin for base rate loans. The base rate is equal to the higher of (i) 1.00% plus the one-month SOFR rate (ii) the federal funds effective rate (as defined in the 2023 CoBank Credit Agreement) plus 0.50% per annum; or (iii) the prime rate (as defined in the 2023 CoBank Credit Agreement). The applicable margin is determined based on the ratio (as further defined in the 2023 CoBank Credit Agreement) of our maximum Total Net Leverage Ratio. Under the terms of the 2023 CoBank Credit Agreement, we must also pay a fee ranging from 0.25% to 0.50% on the average daily unused portion of the 2023 CoBank Credit Facility over each calendar quarter.

The 2023 CoBank Credit Agreement contains a financial covenant (as further defined in the 2023 CoBank Credit Agreement) that imposes a maximum Total Net Leverage Ratio, as well as customary representations, warranties and covenants, including covenants limiting additional indebtedness, liens, guaranties, mergers and consolidations, substantial asset sales, investments and loans, sale and leasebacks, transactions with affiliates and fundamental changes. The maximum Total Net Leverage Ratio is measured each fiscal quarter and is required to be less than or equal to 3.25 to 1.0. The 2023 CoBank Credit Agreement provides for events of default customary for credit facilities of this type, including but not limited to non-payment, defaults on other debt, misrepresentation, breach of covenants, representations and warranties, insolvency and bankruptcy.

We capitalized $4.5 million of fees associated with the 2023 CoBank Credit Facility which are being amortized over the life of the debt and $3.1 million were unamortized as of March 31, 2025.

We had $125.1 million outstanding under the 2023 CoBank Term Loan as of March 31, 2025. Under the 2023 CoBank Revolving Loan, we had $64.6 million outstanding and $105.4 million of availability as of March 31, 2025. We were in compliance with all financial covenants as of March 31, 2025.

In October 2023, we entered into a two year, forward starting 1-month floating to fixed SOFR interest rate swap agreement. The swap was effective November 13, 2023 in a non-amortizing notional amount of $50.0 million, has a fixed SOFR rate of 4.896% and matures on November 13, 2025. The swap agreement had a fair value of $(0.2) million and $(0.3) million as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

### Letter of Credit Facility

On November 14, 2022, we entered into a General Agreement of Indemnity to issue performance Standby Letters of Credit on behalf of us and our subsidiaries. As of March 31, 2025, $34.8 million of Standby Letters of Credit had been issued under this agreement.

### 2024 Alaska Credit Facility

On August 29, 2024, Alaska Communications (the “Borrower”) entered into a Credit Agreement (the “2024 Alaska Credit Agreement”) with Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, and a syndicate of lenders (the “2024 Alaska Credit Facility”), to provide debt financing in the form of a $300 million, five-year secured term loan facility (the “2024 Alaska Term Facility”) and a $90 million revolving facility (the “2024 Alaska Revolving Facility”).

The 2024 Alaska Term Facility proceeds were used (a) to refinance Alaska Communications’ outstanding indebtedness under the 2022 Alaska Credit Facility, as defined below, in the amount of approximately $279 million plus accrued and unpaid interest, (b) to pay fees and expenses associated with the completion of this transaction, and (c) for general corporate purposes. As of March 31, 2025, $300.0 million was outstanding under the 2024 Alaska Term Facility.

Proceeds from the 2024 Alaska Revolving Facility are to be used, subject to certain limitations, (a) to issue letters of credit to replace or backstop existing letters of credit of Alaska Communications and its direct and indirect subsidiaries, and (b) for working capital purposes, capital expenditures and other general corporate purposes. As of March 31, 2025, there were no outstanding borrowings under the 2024 Alaska Revolving Facility and $1.0 million of letters of credit were issued. As a result, $89.0 million was available under the 2024 Alaska Revolving Facility as of March 31, 2025.

The 2024 Alaska Credit Facility also provides for incremental term loans (“Incremental Term Loans”) up to an aggregate principal amount of the greater of $91 million and Alaska Communications’ trailing consolidated twelve-month EBITDA (as defined in the 2024 Alaska Credit Agreement), subject to the Borrower meeting certain conditions.

In connection with the 2024 Alaska Credit Facility, we incurred $6.9 million of fees and rolled over $2.1 million of fees for the 2022 Alaska Credit Facility to be amortized over the life of the debt. As of March 31, 2025, we had $8.0 million of unamortized fees, which are being amortized over the life of the debt, associated with the 2024 Alaska Credit Facility.

The maturity date for the 2024 Alaska Credit Facility is August 29, 2029.

Amounts outstanding under the 2024 Alaska Credit Facility bear an interest rate of the following:

| ​ Tier / Level | ​ Alaska Communications Total Net Leverage Ratio | ​ Applicable Margin for Term SOFR Loans and L/C Participation Fees | ​ Applicable Margin for Base Rate Loans and Reimbursement Obligations | ​ Applicable Margin for Commitment Fees |
| --- | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| I | Greater than 4.00:1.00 | 4.50% | 3.50% | 0.40% |
| II | Less than or equal to 4.00:1.00 but greater than 3.25:1.00 | 4.00% | 3.00% | 0.35% |
| III | Less than or equal to 3.25:1.00 but greater than 2.50:1.00 | 3.50% | 2.50% | 0.30% |
| IV | Less than or equal to 2.50:1.00 | 3.00% | 2.00% | 0.25% |

Principal payments on the 2024 Alaska Term Facility are due quarterly commencing in the fourth quarter of 2026 in quarterly amounts as follows: from the fourth quarter of 2026 through the third quarter of 2027, $1,875,000; and from the fourth quarter of 2027 through the second quarter of 2029, $3,750,000. The remaining unpaid balance is due on the final maturity date. Payments on any principal amount outstanding under the Incremental Term Loans will be made in installments, on the dates and in the amounts set forth in the applicable amendment for such Incremental Term Loans. The Borrower may prepay all revolving loans under the 2024 Alaska Revolving Facility at any time without premium or penalty (other than any customary SOFR breakage costs), subject to certain notice requirements and balance restrictions.

The Borrower is required to maintain financial ratios, based on a calculation of EBITDA defined in the 2024 Alaska Credit Agreement, including (a) a maximum Consolidated Net Total Leverage Ratio of 4.75:1.00, stepping down to 4.50:1.00 beginning with the third quarter of 2027, and stepping down to 4.25:1.00 beginning with the third quarter of 2028; and (b) a minimum Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio of not less than 1.25:1.00. Customary covenants restricting the incurrence or assumption of debt, granting or assuming liens, declaring dividends and making other restricted payments, making investments, dispositions, engaging in transactions with affiliates, changes to the nature of business, modifying organizational documents and material agreements, entering into sale and leaseback transactions, amending or making prepayments on certain subordinated debt, and entering into mergers and acquisitions.

The 2024 Alaska Credit Facility is secured by substantially all of the personal property and certain material real property owned by Alaska Communications Systems Holdings, the parent company of Alaska Communications (“Holdings”), the Borrower, and its wholly owned subsidiaries, excluding, among other things, certain federal and state licenses where a pledge is prohibited by applicable law or is permitted only with the consent of a governmental authority that has not been obtained.

The 2024 Alaska Credit Agreement contains usual and customary affirmative and negative covenants of the parties for credit facilities of this type or as otherwise deemed appropriate by the administrative agent, subject to customary exceptions and materiality standards.

The Company is not a guarantor under the 2024 Alaska Credit Agreement, and the lenders have no recourse against the Company in the event of an occurrence of an “Event of Default.”

### 2022 Alaska Credit Facility

On December 23, 2022, Alaska Communications entered into a Credit Agreement (the “2022 Alaska Credit Facility”) with Fifth Third Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent, and a syndicate of lenders to provide a Revolving Credit Commitment of $75.0 million (the “2022 Alaska Revolving Facility”) and Term Loan Commitment of $230.0 million (the “2022 Alaska Term Loan”).

The key terms and conditions of the 2022 Alaska Credit Facility included the following:

- Amounts outstanding bore an interest rate of the forward-looking SOFR rate with a one-month interest period, plus the SOFR Spread Adjustment of 10 basis points, plus a margin ranging from 3.00% to 4.00% based on Alaska Communications’ Consolidated Total Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) or at an alternate base rate at a margin that is 1% lower than the counterpart SOFR margin;
- Principal repayments of $1.4 million were made quarterly commencing with the fourth quarter of 2023;
- Alaska Communications was required to maintain financial ratios as defined in the 2022 Alaska Credit Facility, including (a) a maximum Consolidated Net Total Leverage Ratio of 4.00 to 1, stepping down to 3.75 to 1 beginning with the second quarter of 2024; and (b) a minimum Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio of not less than 1.25 to 1. In addition to these financial ratios, Alaska Communications was subject to customary representations, warranties and covenants, including limitations on additional indebtedness, liens, consolidations, mergers, assets sales, advances, investments and loans, transactions with affiliates, sale and leaseback transactions, subordinated indebtedness, and changes in the nature of its business; and
- The 2022 Alaska Credit Facility was non-recourse to us and was secured by substantially all of the personal property and certain material real property owned by Alaska Communications.

On August 29, 2024, all outstanding amounts under the 2022 Alaska Credit Facility were repaid in full using the proceeds received upon the completion of the 2024 Alaska Credit Facility.

### Alaska Term Facility

On June 15, 2022, Holdings entered into a secured lending arrangement with Bristol Bay Industrial, LLC (the “Alaska Term Facility”).

The Alaska Term Facility provided for a secured delayed draw term loan in an aggregate principal amount of up to $7.5 million and the proceeds were used to pay certain invoices from a contractor for work performed in connection with a fiber build. Interest on the Alaska Term Facility accrued at a fixed rate of 4.0% and scheduled quarterly payments of principal commenced on March 31, 2023. The Alaska Term Facility was repaid in full during the three months ended June 30, 2024.

### Alaska Interest Rate Swap Agreements

In November 2023, Alaska Communications entered into two forward starting 1-month floating to fixed SOFR interest rate swap agreements. The total non-amortizing notional amount of the agreements is $200 million, with fixed SOFR rates of 4.8695% and 4.8980% and both agreements mature on June 30, 2025. The swap agreement had a fair value of $(0.2) million and $(0.5) million as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

### FirstNet Receivables Credit Facility

On March 26, 2020, Commnet Finance, a wholly owned subsidiary of Commnet Wireless, entered into a receivables credit facility with Commnet Wireless, and CoBank, ACB (the “Receivables Credit Facility”).

The Receivables Credit Facility provides for a senior secured delayed draw term loan in an aggregate principal amount of up to $75.0 million and the proceeds may be used to acquire certain receivables from Commnet Wireless. The receivables to be financed and sold under the Receivables Credit Facility, which provides the loan security, relate to the obligations of AT&T under the FirstNet Agreement.

On December 27, 2024, CoBank amended the Receivables Credit Facility and extended the delayed draw period to December 31, 2025.

The maturity date for each loan will be set by CoBank and will match the weighted average maturity of the certain receivables financed.

Interest on the loans accrue at a fixed annual interest rate to be quoted by CoBank.

The Receivables Credit Facility contains customary events of termination, representations and warranties, affirmative and negative covenants and events of default customary for facilities of this type.

As of March 31, 2025, Commnet Wireless had $42.6 million outstanding, of which $8.1 million was classified as being current and $34.5 million as long-term on our balance sheet, and $9.2 million of availability under the Receivables Credit Facility. Commnet Wireless capitalized $0.8 million in fees associated with the Receivables Credit Facility which are being amortized over the life of the debt and $0.3 million were unamortized as of March 31, 2025.

### OneGY Credit Facilities

On October 12, 2022 , OneGY entered into a $2.9 million term facility and a $5.7 million overdraft facility (the “Guyana Credit Facilities”) with Republic Bank (Guyana) Limited.

The OneGY Guyana Credit Facilities were secured by real estate assets and carried a fixed interest rate of 7.5%. On November 29, 2024, the overdraft facility and term facility were canceled at the request of OneGY.

### Sacred Wind Term Debt

The Sacred Wind Term Debt with the United States of America, acting through the Administrator of the Rural Utilities Service (“RUS”) which provides financial assistance in the form of loans under the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 to furnish or improve telecommunications and/or broadband services in rural areas, is secured by substantially all of the assets of Sacred Wind and is an underlying mortgage to the United States of America. These mortgage notes are to be repaid in equal monthly installments covering principal and interest beginning after date of issue and expiring by 2035.

The Sacred Wind Term Debt contains certain restrictions on the declaration or payment of dividends, redemption of capital stock or investment in affiliated companies without the consent of the RUS noteholders. The agreements also contain a financial covenant which Sacred Wind was not in compliance with as of December 31, 2024. Sacred Wind submitted a corrective action plan to comply with the financial covenant by December 31, 2028. The corrective action plan was accepted by the RUS and, as of March 31, 2025, we were in compliance with that corrective action plan.

As of March 31, 2025, $24.0 million was outstanding under the Sacred Wind Term Debt. Of that amount, $3.4 million was current and $20.6 million was long term.

The mortgage notes carry fixed interest rates ranging from 0.88% to 5.0%.

### Viya Debt

We, and certain of our subsidiaries, have entered into a $60.0 million loan agreement (the “Viya Debt”) with National Cooperative Services Corporation (“NCSC”). The Viya Debt agreement contains customary representations, warranties, and affirmative and negative covenants (including limitations on additional debt, guaranties, sale of assets and liens) and a financial covenant that limits the maximum ratio of indebtedness to annual operating cash flow to 3.5 to 1.0 (the “Net Leverage Ratio”). This covenant is tested on an annual basis at the end of each fiscal year. Interest is paid quarterly at a fixed rate of 4.0% per annum and principal repayment is not required until maturity on July 1, 2026. Prepayment of the Viya Debt may be subject to a fee under certain circumstances. The debt is secured by certain assets of the Viya subsidiaries and is guaranteed by us.

We paid a fee of $0.9 million in 2016 to lock the interest rate at 4% per annum over the term of the Viya Debt. The fee was recorded as a reduction to the Viya Debt carrying amount and is being amortized over the life of the loan.

As of March 31, 2025, $60.0 million of the Viya Debt remained outstanding and $0.1 million of the rate lock fee was unamortized.

On May 5, 2022, the Net Leverage Ratio was amended to 7.0 to 1.0 through the maturity date of July 1, 2026. The Ratio is tested annually, and we were in compliance with the Net Leverage Ratio as of December 31, 2024.

### IDB Credit Facilities

On May 8, 2025, OneGY entered into a Credit Agreement (the “2025 IDB Credit Facilities”) with Inter-American Investment Corporation (IDB Invest) to provide a Revolving Credit Commitment of $10.0 million (the “2025 IDB Revolving Facility”) and Term Loan Commitment of up to $30.0 million (the “2025 IDB Term Loan”). The debt is secured by certain assets of OneGY and is not guaranteed by the Company.

Beginning in the second quarter of 2027, the 2025 IDB Term Loan must be repaid in quarterly principal payments in the amounts set forth below, with the outstanding principal balance maturing on the tenth anniversary of the effective date. The 2025 IDB Revolving Loan may be repaid at any time on or prior to its maturity of 360 days after the first disbursement date.

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| ​ | ​ |
| **2025 IDB Term Loan Quarterly Payment Dates** | **2025 IDB Term Loan Quarterly Repayments** |
| June 22, 2027 – December 22, 2030 | 5.0% bi-annually |
| June 22, 2031 – December 22, 2034 | 7.5% bi-annually |

Amounts borrowed under the 2025 IDB Credit Facilities bear interest at a rate equal to the applicable secured overnight financing rate as administered by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (SOFR) plus an applicable margin ranging of 2.4% for the Revolving Facility and 3.0% for the Term Loans. In the case of the IDB Term Loan, there is a prepayment fee equal to 1% until the first anniversary, 0.5% until the second anniversary, and 0.0% thereafter.

The 2025 IDB Credit Agreement contains a financial covenant that imposes on OneGY a maximum Net Financial Debt to EBITDA Ratio and a maximum Debt to Equity ratio and a minimum EBITDA to Net Financial Expense Ratio, as well as customary representations, warranties and covenants The 2025 IDB Credit Agreement provides for events of default customary for credit facilities of this type, including but not limited to non-payment, defaults on other debt, misrepresentation, breach of covenants, representations and warranties, insolvency and bankruptcy.

### Debt Maturity

The table below summarizes the annual maturities of our debt instruments (amounts in thousands):

| ​ ​ ​ Amounts Maturing During | ​ ​ ​ ​ US Telecom | ​ ​ ​ ​ | ​ ​ ​ ​ International Telecom | ​ ​ ​ ​ | ​ ​ ​ ​ Corporate and Other | ​ ​ ​ ​ | ​ ​ ​ ​ Total Debt | ​ ​ Customer Receivable Credit Facility |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| April 1, 2025 through December 31, 2025 | $2,628 | ​ | $— | ​ | $3,945 | ​ | $6,573 | $6,000 |
| Year ending December 31, 2026 | ​ 5,469 | ​ | ​ 60,000 | ​ | ​ 8,125 | ​ | ​ 73,594 | ​ 8,409 |
| Year ending December 31, 2027 | ​ 13,098 | ​ | ​ — | ​ | ​ 9,750 | ​ | ​ 22,848 | ​ 8,807 |
| Year ending December 31, 2028 | ​ 18,858 | ​ | ​ — | ​ | ​ 74,370 | ​ | ​ 93,228 | ​ 9,229 |
| Year ending December 31, 2029 | ​ 277,749 | ​ | ​ — | ​ | ​ 93,555 | ​ | ​ 371,304 | ​ 6,041 |
| Thereafter | ​ 6,239 | ​ | ​ — | ​ | ​ — | ​ | ​ 6,239 | ​ 4,084 |
| Total | ​ 324,041 | ​ | ​ 60,000 | ​ | ​ 189,745 | ​ | ​ 573,786 | ​ 42,570 |
| Debt Discounts | ​ (8,180) | ​ | ​ (125) | ​ | ​ (3,097) | ​ | ​ (11,402) | ​ (338) |
| Book Value as of March 31, 2025 | $315,861 | ​ | $59,875 | ​ | $186,648 | ​ | $562,384 | $42,232 |

### Factors Affecting Sources of Liquidity

*Internally generated funds.* The key factors affecting our internally generated funds are demand for our services, competition, regulatory developments, economic conditions in the markets where we operate our businesses and industry trends within the telecommunications industry.

*Restrictions under 2023 Credit Facility.* Our 2023 CoBank Credit Facility contains customary representations, warranties and covenants, including covenants limiting additional indebtedness, liens, guaranties, mergers and consolidations, substantial asset sales, investments and loans, sale and leasebacks, transactions with affiliates and fundamental changes.

In addition, the 2023 CoBank Credit Facility contains a financial covenant that imposes a maximum ratio of indebtedness to EBITDA. As of March 31, 2025, we were in compliance with all of the financial covenants of the 2023 CoBank Credit Facility.

*Capital markets.* Our ability to raise funds in the capital markets depends on, among other things, general economic conditions, the conditions of the telecommunications industry, our financial performance, the state of the capital markets and our compliance with SEC requirements for the offering of securities. In August 2022, we filed a new “universal” shelf registration statement with the SEC, to register potential future offerings of up to $300 million of our securities.

### Foreign Currency

We translate the assets and liabilities of our foreign subsidiaries from their respective functional currencies, primarily the Guyana Dollar, to US Dollars at the appropriate rates as of the balance sheet date. Changes in the carrying value of these assets and liabilities attributable to fluctuations in rates are recognized in foreign currency translation adjustment, a component of accumulated other comprehensive income on our balance sheet. Income statement accounts are translated using the monthly average exchange rates during the year. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in a currency that is different from a reporting entity’s functional currency must first be remeasured from the applicable currency to the legal entity’s functional currency. The effect of this remeasurement process is reported in other income within our income statement. During the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, we recorded $0.4 million and $0.2 million, respectively, in losses on foreign currency transactions. We will continue to assess the impact of our exposure to the Guyana Dollar.

### Inflation

Several of our markets have experienced an increase in operating costs, some of which we believe is attributable to inflation. If inflation continues or worsens, it could negatively impact our Company by increasing our operating expenses. Inflation may lead to cost increases in multiple areas across our business, for example, rises in the prices of raw materials and manufactured goods, increased energy rates, as well as increased wage pressures and other expenses related to our employees. In particular, where we have agreed to undertake infrastructure build-outs on a fixed budget for our carrier customers or by accepting government grants, inflation may result in build costs that exceed our original budget given the long delays experienced in procuring equipment and materials due to global supply chain delays. To the extent that we are unable to pass on these costs through increased prices, revised budget estimates, or offset them in other ways, they may impact our financial condition and cash flows.

### Tariffs

The United States government recently announced tariffs on goods imported from various countries to the United States. Furthermore, recent global trade tensions and policy shifts have created an unpredictable environment for businesses operating across international borders. Countries subject to such tariffs or other trade restrictions and other changes in trade policy by the United States or other countries have imposed or may, in the future, impose reciprocal or retaliatory tariffs and other trade measures that may impact our business. We are actively monitoring the tariff developments and analyzing the potential impacts on our businesses, cost structures, supply chain and broader economic environment. We are also working closely with our strategic suppliers to manage their potential impact.

Our International Telecom Segment, including the USVI which is classified as an economic development zone, is not subject to these tariffs.

To date, the implemented tariffs have not had a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations. However, due to their evolving nature, we cannot predict, with certainty, the ultimate impact they may have on our business or results in the future.

### Critical Accounting Estimates

There were no changes to critical accounting estimates from those disclosed in “Part II. Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Estimates” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

### Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report.

## Market risk

As filed, 1,896 characters.

*Translation and Remeasurement.* We translate the assets and liabilities of our foreign subsidiaries from their respective functional currencies, primarily the Guyana Dollar, to US Dollars at the appropriate rates as of the balance sheet date. Changes in the carrying value of these assets and liabilities attributable to fluctuations in rates are recognized in foreign currency translation adjustment, a component of accumulated other comprehensive income on our balance sheet. Income statement accounts are translated using the monthly average exchange rates during the year.

Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in a currency that is different from a reporting entity’s functional currency must first be remeasured from the applicable currency to the legal entity’s functional currency. The effect of this remeasurement process is reported in other income on our income statement.

*Employee Benefit Plans.* We sponsor pension and other postretirement benefit plans for employees of certain subsidiaries. Net periodic pension expense is recognized in our income statement. We recognize a pension or other postretirement plan’s funded status as either an asset or liability in our consolidated balance sheet. Actuarial gains and losses are reported as a component of other comprehensive income and amortized through other income in subsequent periods.

*Interest Rate Sensitivity.* As of March 31, 2025, we had $489.7 million of variable rate debt outstanding, which is subject to fluctuations in interest rates. Our interest expense may be affected by changes in interest rates. We believe that a 100-basis-point change in the interest rates on our variable rate debt would result in a $4.9 million change in our annual interest expense. We may have additional exposure to fluctuations in interest rates if we again borrow amounts under our revolver loans within our credit facilities.

## Controls and procedures

As filed, 2,088 characters.

### Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2024. Disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), mean controls and other procedures of an issuer that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (“SEC”) rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by an issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the issuer’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives, and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2025, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

### Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting.

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2025 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

## Risk factors

As filed, 518 characters.

In addition to the other information set forth in this Report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed under Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” of our 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The risks described herein and in our 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K, as amended, are not the only risks facing our Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results.

Filed May 12, 2025.
Source: SEC EDGAR, the filing index for accession 0001558370-25-007345. Last ingested by Listed: Nov 3, 2026, 21:22 ET. No prices; not investment advice.