# Fuelcell Energy Inc: Form 10-Q for the period ended Jan 31, 2021

- Company: [Fuelcell Energy Inc](/companies/fcel.md) (CIK 886128)
- Form: 10-Q
- Filed: 2021-03-16
- Accepted by EDGAR: Mar 16, 2021, 07:36 ET
- Period: 2021-01-31
- Accession: 0001564590-21-013322
- Inline XBRL: yes
- Main document: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/886128/000156459021013322/fcel-10q_20210131.htm
- All documents and exhibits: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/886128/000156459021013322/

## Figures reported in this filing

Standardized XBRL line items for the period ended 2021-01-31.

| Line item | Period | Value | XBRL concept |
| --- | --- | ---: | --- |
| Revenue | 3 months, 2020-11-01 to 2021-01-31 | $14.9m | us-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax |
| Cost of revenue | 3 months, 2020-11-01 to 2021-01-31 | $18.5m | us-gaap:CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold |
| Research and development | 3 months, 2020-11-01 to 2021-01-31 | $1.8m | us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense |
| Selling, general and administrative | 3 months, 2020-11-01 to 2021-01-31 | $8.9m | us-gaap:SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense |
| Operating income | 3 months, 2020-11-01 to 2021-01-31 | −$14.4m | us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss |
| Interest expense | 3 months, 2020-11-01 to 2021-01-31 | $2.5m | us-gaap:InterestExpense |
| Net income | 3 months, 2020-11-01 to 2021-01-31 | −$46.0m | us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss |
| Diluted EPS | 3 months, 2020-11-01 to 2021-01-31 | −$0.15 | us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted |
| Basic EPS | 3 months, 2020-11-01 to 2021-01-31 | −$0.15 | us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic |
| Diluted shares (weighted) | 3 months, 2020-11-01 to 2021-01-31 | 312,109,888 shares | us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding |
| Operating cash flow | 3 months, 2020-11-01 to 2021-01-31 | −$30.3m | us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities |
| Capital expenditure | 3 months, 2020-11-01 to 2021-01-31 | $204.0k | us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquireProductiveAssets |
| Cash and equivalents | at 2021-01-31 | $178.6m | us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue |
| Current assets | at 2021-01-31 | $278.4m | us-gaap:AssetsCurrent |
| Total assets | at 2021-01-31 | $552.4m | us-gaap:Assets |
| Current liabilities | at 2021-01-31 | $53.1m | us-gaap:LiabilitiesCurrent |
| Total liabilities | at 2021-01-31 | $165.0m | us-gaap:Liabilities |
| Current portion of debt | at 2021-01-31 | $14.6m | us-gaap:DebtCurrent |
| Shareholders' equity | at 2021-01-31 | $327.5m | us-gaap:StockholdersEquity |

## Management's discussion and analysis

As filed, 85,906 characters.

### FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains both historical and forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. The statements contained in this report that are not purely historical are forward-looking statements that are subject to the safe harbors created under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, including statements regarding our expectations, beliefs, intentions and strategies for the future. When used in this report, the words “expects,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “goals,” “projects,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “predicts,” “should,” “will,” “could,” “would,” “may,” “forecast,” and similar expressions and variations of such words are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Such statements relate to, among other things, the following: (i) the development and commercialization by FuelCell Energy, Inc. and its subsidiaries of fuel cell technology and products and the market for such products; (ii) expected operating results such as revenue growth and earnings; (iii) our belief that we have sufficient liquidity to fund our business operations for the next 12 months; (iv) future funding under Advanced Technologies contracts; (v) future financing for projects, including equity and debt investments by investors and commercial bank financing, as well as overall financial market conditions; (vi) the expected cost competitiveness of our technology; and (vii) our ability to achieve our sales plans, market access and market expansion goals, and cost reduction targets.

The forward-looking statements contained in this report are subject to risks and uncertainties, known and unknown, that could cause actual results and future events to differ materially from those set forth in or contemplated by the forward-looking statements, including, without limitation, the risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2020 and in the section below entitled “Item 1A. Risk Factors,” and the following risks and uncertainties: general risks associated with product development and manufacturing; general economic conditions; changes in the utility regulatory environment; changes in the utility industry and the markets for distributed generation, distributed hydrogen, and fuel cell power plants configured for carbon capture or carbon sequestration; potential volatility of energy prices; availability of government subsidies and economic incentives for alternative energy technologies; our ability to remain in compliance with U.S. federal and state and foreign government laws and regulations and the listing rules of The Nasdaq Stock Market (“Nasdaq”); rapid technological change; competition; the risk that our bid awards will not convert to contracts or that our contracts will not convert to revenue; market acceptance of our products; changes in accounting policies or practices adopted voluntarily or as required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States; factors affecting our liquidity position and financial condition; government appropriations; the ability of the government and third parties to terminate their development contracts at any time; the ability of the government to exercise “march-in” rights with respect to certain of our patents; the arbitration and other legal proceedings with POSCO Energy Co., Ltd. (“POSCO Energy”); our ability to implement our strategy; our ability to reduce our levelized cost of energy and our cost reduction strategy generally; our ability to protect our intellectual property; litigation and other proceedings; the risk that commercialization of our products will not occur when anticipated; our need for and the availability of additional financing; our ability to generate positive cash flow from operations; our ability to service our long-term debt; our ability to increase the output and longevity of our power plants and to meet the performance requirements of our contracts; our ability to expand our customer base and maintain relationships with our largest customers and strategic business allies; changes by the U.S. Small Business Administration (the “SBA”) or other governmental authorities to, or with respect to the implementation or interpretation of, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”), the Paycheck Protection Program or related administrative matters; and concerns with, threats of, or the consequences of, pandemics, contagious diseases or health epidemics, including the novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”), and resulting supply chain disruptions, shifts in clean energy demand, impacts to our customers’ capital budgets and investment plans, impacts to our project schedules, impacts to our ability to service existing projects, and impacts on the demand for our products.

We cannot assure you that: we will be able to meet any of our development or commercialization schedules; any of our new products or technologies, once developed, will be commercially successful; our SureSource power plants will be commercially successful; we will be able to obtain financing or raise capital to achieve our business plans; the government will appropriate the funds anticipated by us under our government contracts; the government will not exercise its right to terminate any or all of our government contracts; or we will be able to achieve any other result anticipated in any other forward-looking statement contained herein.

Investors are cautioned that forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our ability to control, and that actual results may differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements as a result of various factors discussed herein. Any forward-looking statement made by us in this report is based only on information currently available to us and speaks only as of the date on which it is made. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement, whether written or oral, that may be made from time to time, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is provided as a supplement to the accompanying financial statements and footnotes to help provide an understanding of our financial condition, changes in our financial condition and results of operations. The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, as well as management’s assessment of the Company’s ability to meet its obligations as they come due over the next twelve months. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Estimates are used in accounting for, among other things, revenue recognition, contract loss accruals, excess, slow-moving and obsolete inventories, product warranty accruals, share-based compensation expense, fair value measurements, allowance for doubtful accounts, depreciation and amortization, impairment of goodwill and intangible assets, impairment of long-lived assets (including project assets), lease liabilities and right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and contingencies, and in management’s assessment of the Company’s ability to meet its obligations as they come due over the next twelve months. Estimates and assumptions are reviewed periodically, and the effects of revisions are reflected in the consolidated financial statements in the period they are determined to be necessary. Due to the inherent uncertainty involved in making estimates, actual results in future periods may differ from those estimates. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with information included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2020 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Unless otherwise indicated, the terms “Company”, “FuelCell Energy”, “we”, “us”, and “our” refer to FuelCell Energy, Inc. and its subsidiaries. All tabular dollar amounts are in thousands.

### OVERVIEW AND RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

### Overview

FuelCell Energy is a global leader in sustainable clean energy technologies that address some of the world’s most critical challenges around energy, safety, and global urbanization. As a leading global manufacturer of proprietary fuel cell technology platforms, we are uniquely positioned to serve customers worldwide with sustainable products and solutions for businesses, utilities, governments, and municipalities. Our solutions are designed to enable a world empowered by clean energy, enhancing the quality of life for people around the globe. We target large-scale power users with our megawatt-class installations globally, and currently offer sub-megawatt solutions for smaller power consumers in Europe. To provide a frame of reference, one megawatt is adequate to continually power approximately 1,000 average sized U.S. homes. Our customer base includes utility companies, municipalities, universities, hospitals, government entities/military bases and a variety of industrial and commercial enterprises. Our leading geographic markets are currently the United States and South Korea, and we are pursuing opportunities in other countries around the world.

FuelCell Energy, based in Connecticut, was founded in 1969 as a New York corporation to provide applied research and development services on a contract basis. We completed our initial public offering in 1992 and reincorporated in Delaware in 1999. We began selling stationary fuel cell power plants commercially in 2003.

### Recent Developments

#### Repayment of Paycheck Protection Program Promissory Note

As disclosed in Note 16. “Debt” to the Consolidated Financial Statements, on April 20, 2020, we entered into a Paycheck Protection Program Promissory Note, dated April 16, 2020 (the “PPP Note”), evidencing a loan to the Company from Liberty Bank under the CARES Act, administered by the SBA. Pursuant to the PPP Note, the Company received total loan proceeds of approximately $6.5 million on April 24, 2020 (the “PPP Loan”).

The PPP Note was scheduled to mature on April 16, 2022, had a 1.00% per annum interest rate, and was subject to the terms and conditions applicable to loans administered by the SBA under the CARES Act, as amended by the Paycheck Protection Program Flexibility Act of 2020 (the “PPP Flexibility Act”). Monthly principal and interest payments, less the amount of any potential forgiveness, commenced on November 16, 2020. The Company did not provide any collateral or guarantees for the PPP Note, nor did the Company pay any facility charge to obtain the PPP Note. The PPP Note could be prepaid at any time with no prepayment penalties.

Under the requirements of the CARES Act, as amended by the PPP Flexibility Act, the proceeds could only be used for the Company’s eligible payroll costs (with salary capped at $100,000 on an annualized basis for each employee), rent, mortgage interest and utilities, in each case paid during the 24-week period following disbursement. The PPP Loan may have been fully forgiven if (i) proceeds were used to pay eligible payroll costs, rent, mortgage interest and utilities and (ii) full-time employee headcount and salaries were either maintained during the 24-week period following disbursement or restored by December 31, 2020. If not so maintained or restored, any forgiveness of the PPP Loan would have been reduced in accordance with the regulations issued by the SBA. All of the proceeds of the PPP Note were used by the Company to pay eligible payroll costs, and the Company maintained its headcount and otherwise complied with the terms of the PPP Note.

As required by Orion Energy Partners Investment Agent, LLC and its affiliated lenders (collectively, “Orion”) under the Company’s (now former) senior secured credit facility (which is referred to elsewhere herein as the Orion Facility), the Company applied for forgiveness of the PPP Loan in October 2020. However, with the repayment in full of all amounts owed to Orion in December 2020, the Company is no longer required to pursue forgiveness of the PPP Loan. Additionally, since the time of the application for forgiveness, the Company’s financial circumstances have changed substantially, such that the Company is no longer in need of forgiveness of the PPP Loan. Accordingly, on February 11, 2021, the Company withdrew its application for forgiveness and repaid all amounts outstanding under the PPP Note, which totaled approximately $6.57 million, and included approximately $52,000 in interest.

#### Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic

During fiscal year 2020, the Company launched a proactive response to the escalating COVID-19 outbreak and temporarily suspended operations at its Torrington, Connecticut manufacturing facility in March 2020. The Company also commenced remote work protocol for those employees worldwide that were capable of working from home. The Company took these actions to secure the safety of the Company’s employees, our corporate community as a whole, and the communities in which our team members live, and to adhere to Center for Disease Control (CDC) recommendations of social distancing and limited public exposure in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic. All employees that were not able to work from home during the manufacturing facility shutdown due to their job function received full wages and benefits during such time. We did not implement any furlough, layoff or shared work program during such time. The Company resumed manufacturing in June 2020 and the Torrington, Connecticut manufacturing facility employees returned to work. We have established a phased-in return to work schedule commencing March 15, 2021 for those employees working from home. We continue to evaluate our ability to operate in light of recent resurgences of COVID-19 and the advisability of continuing operations based on federal, state and local guidance, evolving data concerning the pandemic and the best interests of our employees, customers and stockholders.

### RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Management evaluates our results of operations and cash flows using a variety of key performance indicators, including revenues compared to prior periods and internal forecasts, costs of our products and results of our cost reduction initiatives, and operating cash use. These are discussed throughout the “Results of Operations” and “Liquidity and Capital Resources” sections. Results of Operations are presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”).

### Comparison of Three Months Ended January 31, 2021 and 2020

### Revenues and Costs of revenues

Our revenues and cost of revenues for the three months ended January 31, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:

*(dollars in thousands)*

|  | Three Months Ended January 31, 2021 | 2020 | Change $% |  |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| Total revenues | $14,877 | $16,264 | $(1,387) | (9)% |
| Total costs of revenues | $18,495 | $12,983 | $5,512 | 42% |
| Gross (loss) profit | $(3,618) | $3,281 | $(6,899) | (210)% |
| Gross margin | (24.3)% | 20.2% |  |  |

Total revenues for the three months ended January 31, 2021 of $14.9 million reflects a decrease of $1.4 million from $16.3 million for the same period in the prior year. Cost of revenues for the three months ended January 31, 2021 of $18.5 million reflect a $5.5 million increase from $13.0 million for the same period in the prior year. A discussion of the changes in product revenues, service and license revenues, generation revenues and Advanced Technologies contract revenues follows.

### Product revenues

Our product revenues, cost of product revenues and gross loss from product revenues for the three months ended January 31, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:

*(dollars in thousands)*

|  | Three Months Ended January 31, 2021 | 2020 | Change $% |  |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| Product revenues | $— | $— | $— | N/A |
| Cost of product revenues | 2,366 | 2,016 | 350 | 17% |
| Gross loss from product revenues | $(2,366) | $(2,016) | $(350) | (17)% |
| Product gross margin | N/A | N/A |  |  |

There was no product revenue during the three months ended January 31, 2021 and 2020.

Cost of product revenues increased $0.4 million for the three months ended January 31, 2021 to $2.4 million, compared to $2.0 million in the same period in the prior year. Both periods were impacted by the under-absorption of fixed overhead costs due to low production volumes. Manufacturing variances, primarily related to low production volumes and unabsorbed overhead costs, totaled approximately $2.0 million for the three months ended January 31, 2021 compared to approximately $1.7 million for the three months ended January 31, 2020.

For the three months ended January 31, 2021, we operated at an annualized production rate of approximately 22.4 megawatts (“MW”), which is an increase from the annualized production rate of 20 MW for the three months ended January 31, 2020. As of January 31, 2021 and January 31, 2020, there was no product sales backlog.

### Service agreements and license revenues

Service agreements and license revenues and related costs for the three months ended January 31, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:

*(dollars in thousands)*

|  | Three Months Ended January 31, 2021 | 2020 | Change $% |  |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| Service agreements and license revenues | $4,913 | $5,612 | $(699) | (12)% |
| Cost of service agreements and license revenues | 5,099 | 1,618 | 3,481 | 215% |
| Gross (loss) profit from service agreements and license revenues | $(186) | $3,994 | $(4,180) | (105)% |
| Service agreements and license revenues gross margin | (3.8)% | 71.2% |  |  |

23

Revenues for the three months ended January 31, 2021 from service agreements and license fee and royalty agreements decreased $0.7 million to $4.9 million from $5.6 million for the three months ended January 31, 2020. The service and license revenues for the three months ended January 31, 2021 include revenues recorded for module replacements and routine maintenance activities. For the three months ended January 31, 2020, service and license revenues primarily includes license revenues of $4.0 million associated with the Joint Development Agreement entered into with ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company (“EMRE”) on November 5, 2019 (the “EMRE Joint Development Agreement”) and $1.6 million associated with routine monitoring and maintenance activities for the three months ended January 31, 2020 for projects under service agreements.

Cost of service agreements and license revenues increased $3.5 million to $5.1 million for the three months ended January 31, 2021 from $1.6 million for the three months ended January 31, 2020, resulting from module replacements in the three months ended January 31, 2021 compared to no module replacements in the three months ended January 31, 2020. Cost of service agreements includes maintenance and operating costs and module exchanges.

Overall gross loss from service agreements and license revenues was $0.2 million for the three months ended January 31, 2021, which represents a decrease of $4.2 million from a gross profit of $4.0 million for the three months ended January 31, 2020. The overall gross margin percentage was (3.8)% for the three months ended January 31, 2021 compared to a gross margin of 71.2% in the prior year period. Gross margin decreased during the three months ended January 31, 2021 primarily because gross margin for the three months ended January 31, 2021 included residual value charges for certain plants which had reached the end of their service term and an increase in performance guarantees whereas gross margin for the three months ended January 31, 2020 included license revenues associated with the EMRE Joint Development Agreement which resulted in positive margins.

As of January 31, 2021, service and license backlog totaled approximately $163.9 million, compared to $190.5 million as of January 31, 2020. This backlog relates to service agreements of up to twenty years and is expected to generate positive margins and cash flows based on current estimates. Service backlog also includes future license revenue.

### Generation revenues

Generation revenues and related costs for the three months ended January 31, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:

*(dollars in thousands)*

|  | Three Months Ended January 31, 2021 | 2020 | Change $% |  |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| Generation revenues | $4,891 | $5,442 | $(551) | (10)% |
| Cost of generation revenues | 7,115 | 5,557 | 1,558 | 28% |
| Gross loss from generation revenues | $(2,224) | $(115) | $(2,109) | 1834% |
| Generation revenues gross margin | (45.5)% | (2.1)% |  |  |

Revenues from generation for the three months ended January 31, 2021 totaled $4.9 million, which represents a decrease of $0.6 million from revenue recognized of $5.4 million for the three months ended January 31, 2020, which is primarily a result of several of the Bridgeport Fuel Cell Project plants having been temporarily shut-down during the three month period ending January 31, 2021 for scheduled module exchanges. Generation revenues for the three months ended January 31, 2021 and 2020 reflect revenue from electricity generated under our power purchase agreements (“PPAs”). Cost of generation revenues totaled $7.1 million in the three months ended January 31, 2021, which represents an increase from the comparable prior year period primarily due to an increase in depreciation and amortization expense. Cost of generation revenues included depreciation and amortization of approximately $4.4 million and $3.3 million for the three months ended January 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

We had 32.6 MW of operating power plants in our portfolio as of January 31, 2021, compared to 28.9 MW as of January 31, 2020. This increase is a result of the commencement of operations at the Triangle Street plant during the second quarter of fiscal year 2020.

As of January 31, 2021, generation backlog totaled approximately $1.1 billion which changed slightly from generation backlog as of January 31, 2020 as a result of revenue recognition.

### Advanced Technologies contract revenues

Advanced Technologies contract revenues and related costs for the three months ended January 31, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:

*(dollars in thousands)*

|  | Three Months Ended January 31, 2021 | 2020 | Change $% |  |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| Advanced Technologies contract revenues | $5,073 | $5,210 | $(137) | (3)% |
| Cost of Advanced Technologies contract revenues | 3,915 | 3,792 | 123 | 3% |
| Gross profit from Advanced Technologies contracts | $1,158 | $1,418 | $(260) | (18)% |
| Advanced Technologies contract gross margin | 22.8% | 27.2% |  |  |

24

Advanced Technologies contract revenues decreased 3% to $5.1 million for the three months ended January 31, 2021 from $5.2 million for the three months ended January 31, 2020. Compared to the three months ended January 31, 2020, Advanced Technologies contract revenues recognized under the EMRE Joint Development Agreement were approximately $0.3 million higher during the three months ended January 31, 2021, reflecting continued advancement of our joint research with EMRE on fuel cell carbon capture solutions during the quarter. However, the increased revenues under the EMRE Joint Development Agreement were offset by the $0.4 million less revenue recognized under government contracts during the three months ended January 31, 2021 than during the three months ended January 31, 2020. Cost of Advanced Technologies contract revenues increased $0.1 million to $3.9 million for the three months ended January 31, 2021, compared to $3.8 million for the same period in the prior year. Advanced Technologies contracts for the three months ended January 31, 2021 generated a gross margin of $1.2 million compared to a gross margin of $1.4 million for the three months ended January 31, 2020. The slight decrease in Advanced Technologies contract gross margin is related to the mix of government contracts which resulted in a higher cost share incurred by the Company on such contracts in the three months ended January 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended January 31, 2020.

As of January 31, 2021, Advanced Technologies backlog totaled approximately $44.1 million, compared to $64.6 million as of January 31, 2020. This decrease relates to revenue recognized on existing contracts including the EMRE Joint Development Agreement.

### Administrative and selling expenses

Administrative and selling expenses were $8.9 million and $5.3 million for the three months ended January 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The three months ended January 31, 2021 included additional expense for stock compensation of $0.8 million due to the grants made in August 2020 and November 2020 under our new Long Term Incentive Plans (the “LTI Plans”) (refer to Note 17. “Benefit Plans” to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information on the November 2020 grants) and an increase in the value of a deferred director compensation liability due to an increase in the Company’s share price. The comparable prior year period included a legal settlement of $2.2 million which was recorded as an offset to administrative and selling expenses.

### Research and development expenses

Research and development expenses increased to $1.8 million for the three months ended January 31, 2021 compared to $1.2 million during the three months ended January 31, 2020. The increase relates to an increase in spending on the Company’s hydrogen commercialization initiatives compared to the comparable prior year period, which prior year period was also impacted by restructuring initiatives implemented in 2019 as resources were instead allocated to fund Advanced Technologies projects. During the quarter ended January 31, 2021, the Company successfully commenced operation and testing of a prototype solid oxide electrolysis hydrogen platform in Danbury, Connecticut.

### Loss from operations

Loss from operations for the three months ended January 31, 2021 was $14.4 million compared to $3.1 million for the three months ended January 31, 2020. The loss from operations for the three months ended January 31, 2021 was primarily a result of the gross loss recorded, which was driven primarily by (i) the fact that there were no license revenues recorded in the three months ended January 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended January 31, 2020 which included $4.0 million recognized under our License Agreement with EMRE, and (ii) unfavorable margins associated with generation as a result of additional depreciation and amortization recognized for the three months ended January 31, 2021. In addition, loss from operations for the three months ended January 31, 2020 included a $2.2 million legal settlement that offset administrative and selling expenses, whereas administrative and selling expenses for the three months ended January 31, 2021 included additional stock compensation expense under the LTI Plans and an increase in the value of the deferred director compensation liability due to an increase in the Company’s share price.

### Interest expense

Interest expense for the three months ended January 31, 2021 and 2020 was $2.5 million and $3.3 million, respectively. Interest expense for both periods presented includes interest related to sale-leaseback transactions and on the loans outstanding associated with the Bridgeport Fuel Cell Project. Interest expense for both periods also includes interest for the amortization of the redeemable preferred stock of subsidiary fair value discount. Amounts owed pursuant to the terms of the redeemable preferred stock were paid, in full, in December 2020. The decrease in interest expense for the three months ended January 31, 2021 is primarily due to the repayment of the $80.0 million principal balance outstanding under the Orion Credit Agreement, which was fully repaid in December 2020.

### Loss on extinguishment of debt

The loss on extinguishment of debt represents costs associated with the repayment of the $80.0 million principal balance outstanding under the Orion Credit Agreement. The amount includes an early prepayment penalty of $4.0 million and the write-off of debt discounts and deferred finance costs of $7.2 million.

### Extinguishment of preferred stock obligation of subsidiary

A charge of $0.9 million was recorded for the extinguishment of preferred stock obligation of subsidiary to adjust for the difference between the amount of the payoff of the obligation and the carrying amount of the Series 1 Preferred Share obligation.

### Change in fair value of common stock warrant liability

The $16.0 million expense for the three months ended January 31, 2021 represents an adjustment to the estimated fair value of the remaining Orion Warrants which were exercised, in full, during the three months ended January 31, 2021. The $34.2 million expense for the three months ended January 31, 2020 included $23.7 million for Orion Warrants that were converted during the period and $10.5 million for Orion Warrants that were still outstanding as of January 31, 2020.

### Other (expense) income, net

Other (expense) income, net was ($1.0) million and other (expense) income, net was $0.5 million for the three months ended January 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Other (expense) income, net for the three months ended January 31, 2021 primarily relates to a foreign exchange loss of $0.8 million related to the remeasurement of the Canadian Dollar denominated preferred stock obligation of our U.S. Dollar functional currency Canadian subsidiary prior to the payoff of the preferred share obligation in December 2020. Other (expense) income, net for the three months ended January 31, 2020 primarily relates to a net non-cash gain on the extinguishment accounting related to the modification of the Series 1 Preferred Shares and the extinguishment related to the embedded derivatives.

### Provision for income taxes, net

We have not paid federal or state income taxes in several years due to our history of net operating losses, although we have paid foreign income and withholding taxes in South Korea. There was no provision for income tax recorded for the three months ended January 31, 2021 compared to $0.02 million for the three months ended January 31, 2020.

### Series B preferred stock dividends

Dividends recorded on our 5% Series B Cumulative Convertible Perpetual Preferred Stock (“Series B Preferred Stock”) were $0.8 million and $0.9 million for the three-month periods ended January 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

### Net loss attributable to common stockholders and loss per common share

Net loss attributable to common stockholders for the quarter ended January 31, 2021 represents the net loss for the period less the preferred stock dividends on the Series B Preferred Stock. For the three-month periods ended January 31, 2021 and 2020, net loss attributable to common stockholders was $46.8 million and $41.1 million, respectively, and loss per common share was $0.15 and $0.20, respectively. The increase in the net loss attributable to common stockholders for the three months ended January 31, 2021 is primarily due to incurring (i) a gross loss for the period compared to a gross profit for the corresponding period in fiscal year 2020, (ii) higher operating expenses for the period due to the fact that there were no offsets comparable to the $2.2 million legal settlement received during the corresponding period in fiscal year 2020, which offset administrative and selling expenses, (iii) higher operating expenses for the period including additional stock compensation expenses under the LTI Plans and an increase in the value of the deferred director compensation liability due to an increase in the Company’s share price, (iv) an $11.2 million loss recorded on the extinguishment of the Orion Facility, and (v) a $1.5 million charge for the extinguishment of the preferred stock obligation of subsidiary. These amounts were offset by lower interest expense as a result of the repayment of the Orion Facility and a lower charge for the change in fair value of common stock warrant liability. The lower loss per common share for the three months ended January 31, 2021 as compared to the three months ended January 31, 2020 is due to the higher weighted average shares outstanding as of January 31, 2021 as a result of share issuances since January 31, 2020.

### LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

### Overview, Cash Position, Sources and Uses

Our principal sources of cash have been sales of our common stock through public equity offerings, proceeds from third party debt such as borrowings under our credit facilities, project financing and tax monetization transactions, proceeds from the sale of our projects as well as research and development and service and license agreements with third parties. We have utilized this cash to develop and construct power plants, perform research and development on Advanced Technologies, pay down existing outstanding indebtedness, and meet our other cash and liquidity needs.

As of January 31, 2021, unrestricted cash and cash equivalents totaled $178.6 million compared to $149.9 million as of October 31, 2020.

In December 2020, the Company closed an underwritten offering of 25.0 million shares of the Company’s common stock. Net proceeds to the Company were approximately $156.4 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses. Proceeds from this offering have been utilized as follows:

- *Extinguishment of Senior Secured Debt*: On December 7, 2020, the Company paid $87.3 million to settle the outstanding principal, accrued but unpaid interest, prepayment premium, fees, costs and other expenses due and owing to the Orion Agent and the lenders under the Orion Facility and the Orion Credit Agreement (in each case as defined elsewhere herein) and related loan documents. Concurrently, the Orion Agent released all of the collateral from the liens granted under the security documents associated with the Orion Facility, which included the release of $11.2 million of restricted cash to the Company.
- *Extinguishment of the Series 1 Preferred Shares*: On December 17, 2020, the Company paid all amounts owed to Enbridge Inc. (“Enbridge”) under the Series 1 Preferred Shares (as defined elsewhere herein), totaling Cdn. $27.4 million, or approximately $21.5 million in U.S. dollars. Following such payment, Enbridge surrendered its shares in FCE Ltd. (as defined elsewhere herein) and the related Guarantee and January 2020 Letter Agreement (in each case, as defined elsewhere herein) were terminated.
- *Working Capital:* The remaining $47.5 million of proceeds from the offering was included in unrestricted cash and may be used to accelerate the development and commercialization of our solid oxide platform and for project development, project financing, debt service, working capital support and other general corporate purposes.

We believe that our unrestricted cash and cash equivalents, expected receipts from our contracted backlog, and release of short-term restricted cash less expected disbursements over the next twelve months will be sufficient to allow the Company to meet its obligations for at least one year from the date of issuance of these financial statements.

To date, we have not achieved profitable operations or sustained positive cash flow from operations. The Company’s future liquidity will depend on its ability to (i) timely complete current projects in process within budget, (ii) increase cash flows from its generation portfolio, including by meeting conditions required to timely commence operation of new projects, operating its generation portfolio in compliance with minimum performance guarantees and operating its generation portfolio in accordance with revenue expectations, (iii) obtain financing for project construction, (iv) obtain permanent financing for its projects once constructed, (v) increase order and contract volumes, which would lead to additional product sales, service agreements and generation revenues, (vi) obtain funding for and receive payment for research and development under current and future Advanced Technologies contracts and to successfully commercialize our Advanced Technologies platforms, including our solid oxide platform, (vii) implement the product cost reductions necessary to achieve profitable operations, (viii) manage working capital and the Company's unrestricted cash balance and (ix) access the capital markets to raise funds through the sale of equity securities, convertible notes, and other equity-linked instruments, all of which will require an increase in authorized shares, and/or other debt instruments.

Our business model requires substantial outside financing arrangements and satisfaction of the conditions of such financing arrangements to construct and deploy our projects and facilitate the growth of our business. The Company expects to seek lower-cost long-term debt and tax equity (e.g., sale-leaseback and partnership transactions) for its project asset portfolio as these projects commence commercial operations. The proceeds of any such financing, if obtained, may allow the Company to fund other projects. We may also seek to obtain additional financing in both the debt and equity markets in the future. If financing is not available to us on acceptable terms if and when needed, or on terms acceptable to us or our lenders, if we do not satisfy the conditions of our financing arrangements, if we spend more than the financing approved for projects, if project costs exceed an amount that the Company can finance, or if we do not generate sufficient revenues or obtain capital sufficient for our corporate needs, we may be required to reduce or slow planned spending, reduce staffing, sell assets, seek alternative financing and take other measures, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and operations.

As of January 31, 2021, we had 15,093,242 shares of common stock available for issuance, excluding treasury stock, of which 5,185,674 shares were reserved for issuance under various warrants and equity awards, upon conversion of preferred stock, and under our employee stock purchase and equity incentive plans. The limited number of shares of our common stock available for issuance will limit our ability to raise capital in the equity markets and satisfy obligations with shares instead of cash, which could adversely affect our business and operations. We are seeking stockholder approval to increase the number of shares of common stock we are authorized to issue at the Company’s Annual Meeting of Stockholders on April 8, 2021, but such approval may not be obtained.

### Generation/Operating Portfolio, Projects, Project Awards, and Backlog

To grow our generation portfolio, the Company will invest in developing and building turn-key fuel cell projects which will be owned by the Company and classified as project assets on the balance sheet. This strategy requires liquidity and the Company expects to continue to have increasing liquidity requirements as project sizes increase and more projects are added to backlog. We may commence building project assets upon the award of a project or execution of a multi-year PPA with an end-user that has a strong credit profile. Project development and construction cycles, which span the time between securing a PPA and commercial operation of the plant, vary substantially and can take years. As a result of these project cycles and strategic decisions to finance the construction of certain projects, we may need to make significant up-front investments of resources in advance of the receipt of any cash from the sale or long-term financing of such projects. To make these up-front investments, we may use our working capital, seek to raise funds through the sale of equity or debt securities, or seek other financing arrangements. Delays in construction progress and completing current projects in process within budget, or in completing financing or the sale of our projects may impact our liquidity in a material way.

Our operating portfolio (32.6 MW as of January 31, 2021) contributes higher long-term cash flows to the Company than if these projects had been sold. These projects currently generate approximately $19.9 million per year in annual revenue, but this amount may fluctuate from year to year depending on plant output, operational performance and management and site conditions. The Company plans to continue to grow this portfolio while also selling projects to investors. As of January 31, 2021, the Company had projects representing an additional 40.7 MW in various stages of development and construction, which projects are expected to generate operating cash flows in future periods, if completed. Retaining long-term cash flow positive projects, combined with our service fleet, is expected to result in reduced reliance on new project sales to achieve cash flow positive operations, however, operations and performance issues could impact results. We have worked with and are continuing to work with lenders and financial institutions to secure construction financing, long-term debt, tax equity and sale-leasebacks for our project asset portfolio, but there can be no assurance that such financing can be attained, or that, if attained, it will be retained and sufficient.

As of January 31, 2021, net debt outstanding related to project assets was $70.7 million. Future required payments totaled $62.7 million as of January 31, 2021. The outstanding financing obligation under our sale-leaseback transactions, which totaled $49.3 million as of January 31, 2021, includes an embedded gain of $30.1 million, which will be recognized at the end of the applicable lease terms. As noted above, in December 2020, the Company repaid all amounts outstanding under the Orion Credit Agreement and terminated the Orion Facility.

Our operating portfolio provides us with the full benefit of future cash flows, net of any debt service requirements.

The following table summarizes our operating portfolio as of January 31, 2021:

| Project Name | Location | Power Off-Taker | Rated Capacity (MW) | Actual Commercial Operation Date (FuelCell Energy Fiscal Quarter) | PPA Term (Years) |
| --- | --- | --- | ---: | --- | ---: |
| Central CT State University (“CCSU”) | New Britain, CT | CCSU (CT University) | 1.4 | Q2 ‘12 | 10 |
| UCI Medical Center (“UCI”) | Orange, CA | UCI (CA University Hospital) | 1.4 | Q1 '16 | 19 |
| Riverside Regional Water Quality Control Plant | Riverside, CA | City of Riverside (CA Municipality) | 1.4 | Q4 '16 | 20 |
| Pfizer, Inc. | Groton, CT | Pfizer, Inc. | 5.6 | Q4 '16 | 20 |
| Santa Rita Jail | Dublin, CA | Alameda County, California | 1.4 | Q1 '17 | 20 |
| Bridgeport Fuel Cell Project | Bridgeport, CT | Connecticut Light and Power Company (CT Utility) | 14.9 | Q1 '13 | 15 |
| Tulare BioMAT | Tulare, CA | Southern California Edison (CA Utility) | 2.8 | Q1 '20 | 20 |
| Triangle Street | Danbury, CT | Tariff - Eversource (CT Utility) | 3.7 | Q2 '20 | Tariff |
|  |  | **Total MW Operating:** | **32.6** |  |  |

The following table summarizes projects in process, all of which are in backlog, as of January 31, 2021:

| Project Name | Location | Power Off-Taker | Rated Capacity (MW) | PPA Term (Years) |
| --- | --- | --- | ---: | ---: |
| Groton Sub Base | Groton, CT | CMEEC (CT Electric Co-op) | 7.4 | 20 |
| Toyota | Los Angeles, CA | Southern California Edison; Toyota | 2.3 | 20 |
| San Bernardino | San Bernardino, CA | City of San Bernardino Municipal Water Department | 1.4 | 20 |
| LIPA 1 | Long Island, NY | PSEG / LIPA, LI NY (Utility) | 7.4 | 20 |
| CT RFP-1 | Hartford, CT | Eversource/United Illuminating (CT Utilities) | 7.4 | 20 |
| CT RFP-2 | Derby, CT | Eversource/United Illuminating (CT Utilities) | 14.8 | 20 |
|  |  | **Total MW in Process:** | **40.7** |  |

The projects listed in the above table are in various stages of development or on-site construction and installation. Current project updates are as follows:

- The Company has completed the majority of its scope of work on the 7.4 MW project at the U.S. Navy Base in Groton, Connecticut, and the Company is currently awaiting the interconnection and other safety-related work to be completed prior to commissioning and commercial operation. The interconnection agreement for this project is a four-party agreement and has taken longer than originally estimated to complete.
- Additionally, construction activity has been substantially completed for the 1.4 MW project at the San Bernardino, California wastewater treatment facility. The Company is working with the local utility on the interconnection process and awaiting other safety-related work to be completed prior to commissioning and commencing commercial operation.
- Early-stage construction also began on 24.5 MW of projects, including the Toyota hydrogen project at the Port of Long Beach, and utility scale projects in Yaphank on Long Island in New York and Derby, Connecticut.

Subsequent to the end of the quarter, the Company entered into a 20 year PPA with United Illuminating for a 2.8 MW project in Derby, CT, which was awarded to the Company as part of the state-sponsored Shared Clean Energy Facility program. This FuelCell Energy power plant will supply 2.8 MW of clean power to the Connecticut electric grid. This contract is not included in the Company’s backlog as of January 31, 2021, but is expected to add $59.4 million in future revenue to the Company’s reported generation backlog going forward. The clean baseload power generated by this 2.8 MW platform will be enough to power approximately 3,000 homes with continuous clean energy. The next steps in developing the project include obtaining siting approvals and interconnection agreements, and finalizing site engineering.

Backlog by revenue category is as follows:

- Service agreements and license backlog totaled $163.9 million as of January 31, 2021, compared to $190.5 million as of January 31, 2020. Service agreements and license backlog includes future contracted revenue from maintenance and scheduled module exchanges for power plants under service agreements.
- Generation backlog totaled $1.1 billion as of January 31, 2021 and January 31, 2020. Generation backlog represents future contracted energy sales under contracted PPAs or approved utility tariffs.
- There was no product sales backlog as of January 31, 2021 or January 31, 2020.
- Advanced Technologies contract backlog totaled $44.1 million as of January 31, 2021 compared to $64.6 million as of January 31, 2020. Advanced Technologies contract backlog represents remaining revenue under the EMRE Joint Development Agreement and government projects.

Backlog represents definitive agreements executed by the Company and our customers. Projects for which we have a PPA are included in generation backlog, which represents future revenue under long-term PPAs. Projects sold to customers (and not retained by the Company) are included in product sales and service agreements and license backlog and the related generation backlog is removed upon sale.

### Factors that may impact our liquidity

Factors that may impact our liquidity in fiscal year 2021 and beyond include:

- The Company’s cash on hand and access to additional liquidity. As of January 31, 2021, unrestricted cash and cash equivalents totaled $178.6 million.
- We bid on large projects in diverse markets that can have long decision cycles and uncertain outcomes. We manage production rate based on expected demand and project schedules. Changes to production rate take time to implement. The annualized production rate as of October 31, 2020 was 17 MW, which was impacted by the manufacturing facility shutdown from March 18, 2020 to June 22, 2020 that was implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. During fiscal year 2020, we made a number of improvements in our manufacturing processes and capabilities, focusing on increasing throughput and simplifying and streamlining production steps, while implementing applicable social distancing protocols. As a result of these improvements, the Company now has the capability to increase our annualized production rate up to 45 MW on a single production shift. For fiscal year 2021, the Company is currently increasing its production rate and expects to achieve an annualized production rate of 45 MW per year.
- As project sizes and the number of projects evolves, project cycle times may increase. We may need to make significant up-front investments of resources in advance of the receipt of any cash from the financing or sale of our projects. These amounts include development costs, interconnection costs, costs associated with posting of letters of credit, bonding or other forms of security, and engineering, permitting, legal, and other expenses.
- The amount of accounts receivable and unbilled receivables as of January 31, 2021 and October 31, 2020 was $30.4 million ($12.1 million of which is classified as “Other assets”) and $26.5 million ($8.9 million of which is classified as “Other assets”), respectively. Unbilled accounts receivable represent revenue that has been recognized in advance of billing the customer under the terms of the underlying contracts. Such costs have been funded with working capital and the unbilled amounts are expected to be billed and collected from customers once we meet the billing criteria under the contracts. Our accounts receivable balances may fluctuate as of any balance sheet date depending on the timing of individual contract milestones and progress on completion of our projects.
- The amount of total inventory as of January 31, 2021 and October 31, 2020 was $66.5 million ($4.6 million is classified as long-term inventory) and $60.0 million ($9.0 million is classified as long-term inventory), respectively, which includes work in process inventory totaling $40.7 million and $38.2 million, respectively. Work in process inventory can generally be deployed rapidly while the balance of our inventory requires further manufacturing prior to deployment. To execute on our business plan, we must produce fuel cell modules and procure balance of plant (“BOP”) components in required volumes to support our planned construction schedules and potential customer contractual requirements. As a result, we may manufacture modules or acquire BOP components in advance of receiving payment for such activities. This may result in fluctuations in inventory and in use of cash as of any given balance sheet date.
- The amount of total project assets as of January 31, 2021 and October 31, 2020 was $164.6 million and $161.8 million, respectively. Project assets consist of capitalized costs for fuel cell projects that are operating and producing revenue or are under construction. Project assets as of January 31, 2021 consisted of $70.6 million of completed, operating installations and $94.0 million of projects in development. As of January 31, 2021, we had 32.6 MW of operating project assets that generated $4.9 million of revenue in the three months ended January 31, 2021.
- As of January 31, 2021, the Company had 40.7 MW of projects under development and construction, some of which are expected to generate operating cash flows beginning in fiscal years 2021 and 2022. To build out this portfolio, for fiscal year 2021, we forecast project asset expenditures to range between $50.0 million and $75.0 million compared to $31.5 million for fiscal year 2020. To fund such expenditures, the Company expects to use unrestricted cash on hand and to seek sources of construction financing. In addition, once the projects under development become operational, the Company will seek to obtain permanent financing (tax equity and debt) which would be expected to return cash to the business.
- Capital expenditures are expected to range between $5.0 million to $10.0 million for fiscal year 2021, compared to capital expenditures of $0.4 million in fiscal year 2020, as we make investments in our factories, laboratories and business systems.
- Company funded research and development activities are expected to increase to $18 to $20 million in fiscal year 2021 (compared to approximately $4.8 million in fiscal year 2020) as we expect to accelerate commercialization of our Advanced Technologies solutions including distributed hydrogen, hydrogen based long duration energy storage and hydrogen power generation.
- Under the terms of certain contracts, the Company will provide performance security for future contractual obligations. As of January 31, 2021, we had pledged approximately $6.5 million of our cash and cash equivalents as collateral for performance security and for letters of credit for certain banking requirements and contracts. This balance may increase with a growing backlog and installed fleet.

### Depreciation and Amortization

As the Company builds project assets and makes capital expenditures, depreciation and amortization expenses are expected to increase. For the three months ended January 31, 2021 and 2020, depreciation and amortization totaled $5.6 million and $4.6 million, respectively (of these totals, approximately $4.4 million and $3.3 million for the three months ended January 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, relate to depreciation and amortization of project assets in our generation portfolio).

### Cash Flows

Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents totaled $209.6 million as of January 31, 2021 compared to $192.1 million as of October 31, 2020. As of January 31, 2021, restricted cash and cash equivalents was $31.0 million, of which $12.2 million was classified as current and $18.8 million was classified as non-current, compared to $42.2 million in restricted cash and cash equivalents as of October 31, 2020, of which $9.2 million was classified as current and $33.0 million was classified as non-current.

The following table summarizes our consolidated cash flows:

*(dollars in thousands)*

| Consolidated Cash Flow Data: | Three Months Ended January 31, 2021 | 2020 |
| --- | ---: | ---: |
| Net cash used in operating activities | $(30,317) | $(6,506) |
| Net cash used in investing activities | (4,591) | (8,299) |
| Net cash provided by financing activities | 52,392 | 48,989 |
| Effects on cash from changes in foreign currency rates | 58 | (49) |
| Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | $17,542 | $34,135 |

The key components of our cash inflows and outflows were as follows:

***Operating Activities –*** Net cash used in operating activities was $30.3 million during the three months ended January 31, 2021, compared to $6.5 million of net cash used in operating activities during the three months ended January 31, 2020.

Net cash used in operating activities for the three months ended January 31, 2021 was primarily a result of the net loss of $46.0 million, increases in inventories of $8.6 million, unbilled receivables of $3.5 million, other assets of $1.0 million, and accounts receivable of $0.5 million and decreases in accrued liabilities of $5.6 million and accounts payable of $1.9 million offset by an increase in deferred revenue of $2.4 million and non-cash adjustments of $34.5 million.

Net cash used in operating activities for the three months ended January 31, 2020 was primarily a result of the net loss of $40.2 million, increases in inventory of $5.8 million, accounts receivable of $2.3 million and other assets of $1.1 million and decreases in accounts payable of $2.5 million and accrued liabilities of $0.8 million, offset by an increase in deferred revenue of $5.0 million and net non-cash adjustments of $40.6 million including a $34.2 million charge related to the change in fair value of common stock warrant liabilities.

***Investing Activities –*** Net cash used in investing activities was $4.6 million for the three months ended January 31, 2021, compared to net cash used in investing activities of $8.3 million during the three months ended January 31, 2020.

Net cash used in investing activities for the three months ended January 31, 2021 included $4.4 million of project asset expenditures and $0.2 million of capital expenditures.

Net cash used in investing activities for the three months ended January 31, 2020 included $7.6 million of project asset expenditures and a $0.6 million payment for a working capital adjustment for the acquisition of the Bridgeport Fuel Cell Project in May 2019.

***Financing Activities –*** Net cash provided by financing activities was $52.4 million during the three months ended January 31, 2021, compared to net cash provided by financing activities of $49.0 million during the three months ended January 31, 2020.

Net cash provided by financing activities during the three months ended January 31, 2021 resulted from $156.4 million of proceeds from common stock sales, net of fees and expenses and $0.7 million of proceeds received from warrant conversions, offset by debt repayments of $82.3 million primarily relating to the payoff of amounts owed under the Orion Credit Agreement, payment of preferred dividends and return of capital of $0.8 million, and payment of $21.5 million to satisfy our obligations under the terms of the Series 1 Preferred Shares.

Net cash provided by financing activities during the three months ended January 31, 2020 resulted from the receipt of $65.5 million of debt proceeds from the Orion Facility, net of a debt discount of $1.6 million, $3.0 million of debt proceeds from Connecticut Green Bank and proceeds from common stock sales of $3.5 million net of fees and expenses, offset by debt repayment of $15.5 million, the payment of deferred financing costs of $2.5 million and the payment of preferred dividends and return of capital of $3.4 million.

### Sources and Uses of Cash and Investments

In order to consistently produce positive cash flow from operations, we need to increase order flow to support higher production levels, leading to lower costs on a per unit basis. We also continue to invest in new product and market development and, as a result, we are not generating positive cash flow from our operations. Our operations are funded primarily through cash generated from product sales, service contracts, generation assets and Advanced Technologies contracts, as well as sales of equity and equity linked securities, issuances of corporate and project level debt, and monetization of technology through licenses.

### Commitments and Significant Contractual Obligations

A summary of our significant commitments and contractual obligations as of January 31, 2021 and the related payments by fiscal year are as follows:

*(dollars in thousands)*

|  | Payments Due by Period Total | Less than 1 Year | 1 – 3 Years | 3 – 5 Years | More than 5 Years |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| Purchase commitments (1) | $64,410 | $62,799 | $1,611 |  |  |
| Term loans (principal and interest) | 47,445 | 12,318 | 16,909 | 12,330 | 5,888 |
| Capital and operating lease commitments (2) | 19,728 | 1,265 | 2,327 | 1,452 | 14,684 |
| Sale-leaseback financing obligation (3) | 19,076 | 3,488 | 5,414 | 5,403 | 4,771 |
| Natural gas supply contract (4) | 13,782 | 492 | 3,938 | 3,938 | 5,414 |
| Option fee (5) | 150 | 150 | — | — | — |
| Series B Preferred dividends payable (6) | — | — | — | — | — |
| **Totals** | $164,591 | $80,512 | $30,199 | $23,123 | $30,757 |

(1) Purchase commitments with suppliers for materials, supplies and services incurred in the normal course of business.

(2) Future minimum lease payments on finance and operating leases.

(3) Represents payments due under sale-leaseback transactions and related financing agreements between certain of our wholly-owned subsidiaries and PNC Energy Capital, LLC (“PNC”) and/or Crestmark Equipment Finance (“Crestmark”) (as applicable). Lease payments for each lease under these financing agreements are generally payable in fixed quarterly installments over a 10-year period.

(4) During fiscal year 2020, the Company entered into a 7-year natural gas contract with an estimated annual cost per year of $2.0 million beginning on November 1, 2021. This gas contract is for the Company’s Yaphank project and the costs are expected to be offset by generation revenues on the project.

(5) The Company entered into an agreement with a customer on June 29, 2016 that includes a fee for the purchase of the plants at the end of the term of the agreement. The fee is payable in installments over the term of the agreement.

(6) We pay $3.2 million in annual dividends on our Series B Preferred Stock, if and when declared. The $3.2 million annual dividend payment, if dividends are declared, has not been included in this table as we cannot reasonably determine when or if we will be able to convert the Series B Preferred Stock into shares of our common stock. We may, at our option, convert these shares into the number of shares of our common stock that are issuable at the then prevailing conversion rate if the closing price of our common stock exceeds 150% of the then prevailing conversion price ($1,692 per share at January 31, 2021) for 20 trading days during any consecutive 30 trading day period.

#### Loan Paid Off During the Quarter

### Orion Credit Agreement

On October 31, 2019, the Company and certain of its affiliates as guarantors entered into a Credit Agreement (as amended, the “Orion Credit Agreement”) with Orion Energy Partners Investment Agent, LLC, as Administrative Agent and Collateral Agent (the “Orion Agent”), and certain lenders affiliated with the Orion Agent for a $200.0 million senior secured credit facility (the “Orion Facility”), structured as a delayed draw term loan to be provided by the lenders primarily to fund certain of the Company’s construction and related costs for fuel cell projects meeting the requirements of the Orion Facility. Under the Orion Credit Agreement, each lender funded its commitments less 2.50% of the aggregate principal amount of the loans funded by such lender (the “Loan Discount).

On October 31, 2019, the Company drew down $14.5 million (the “Initial Funding”) and received $14.1 million after taking into account a Loan Discount of $0.4 million. On October 31, 2019, in connection with the Initial Funding, the Company issued warrants to the lenders under the Orion Credit Agreement to purchase up to a total of 6,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, at an exercise price of $0.310 per share (which are referred to herein as the “Initial Funding Warrants”).

On November 22, 2019, a second draw (the “Second Funding”) of $65.5 million, funded by Orion Energy Credit Opportunities Fund II, L.P., Orion Energy Credit Opportunities Fund II GPFA, L.P., Orion Energy Credit Opportunities Fund II PV, L.P., and Orion Energy Credit Opportunities FuelCell Co-Invest, L.P. (as the lenders under the Orion Credit Agreement), was made to fully repay certain outstanding third party debt of the Company, as well as to fund remaining construction costs and anticipated capital expenditures relating to certain projects. The Company received $63.9 million in the Second Funding after taking into account a Loan Discount of $1.6 million as described above. Also in conjunction with the Second Funding, the Company issued to the lenders warrants to purchase up to a total of 14.0 million shares of the Company’s common stock, with an initial exercise price with respect to 8.0 million of such shares of $0.242 per share and with an initial exercise price with respect to 6.0 million of such shares of $0.620 per share (which are referred to herein as the “Second Funding Warrants” and, together with the Initial Funding Warrants, as the “Orion Warrants”). (See Note 12. “Stockholders’ Equity and Warrant Liabilities” for additional information regarding the Orion Warrants.)

Under the Orion Credit Agreement, cash interest of 9.9% per annum was paid quarterly. In addition to the cash interest, payment-in-kind interest of 2.05% per annum accrued which was added to the outstanding principal balance of the Orion Facility but was paid quarterly in cash to the extent of available cash after payment of the Company’s operating expenses and the funding of certain reserves for the payment of outstanding indebtedness to the State of Connecticut and Connecticut Green Bank.

Outstanding principal under the Orion Facility was to be amortized on a straight-line basis over a seven-year term, with the initial payment due 21 business days after the end of the first quarter of fiscal year 2021. The maturity date of the Orion Facility was October 31, 2027. The Orion Facility contained an administrative fee of $0.1 million per year paid on a quarterly basis and also included a prepayment premium of up to 35%. Such prepayment fee was to be reduced over time based on the aggregate amount of principal and interest paid.

On November 30, 2020, the Company, its subsidiary guarantors, and the Orion Agent entered into a payoff letter with respect to the Orion Credit Agreement (the “Orion Payoff Letter”). Pursuant to the Orion Payoff Letter, on December 7, 2020, the Company paid a total of $87.3 million to the Orion Agent, representing the outstanding principal, accrued but unpaid interest, prepayment premium, fees, costs and other expenses due and owing under the Orion Facility and the Orion Credit Agreement and related loan documents, in full repayment of the Company’s outstanding indebtedness under the Orion Facility and the Orion Credit Agreement and related loan documents. In accordance with the Orion Payoff Letter, the aggregate prepayment premium set forth in the Orion Credit Agreement was reduced from approximately $14.9 million to $4.0 million and the Orion Agent, on behalf of itself and the lenders, agreed that any portion of the prepayment premium that would otherwise be required to be paid pursuant to the Orion Credit Agreement in excess of $4.0 million was waived by the Orion Agent and the lenders. The Company expensed the remaining deferred finance costs and debt discount of $7.1 million.

Concurrently with the Orion Agent’s receipt of full payment pursuant to the Orion Payoff Letter, the Orion Agent released all of the collateral from the liens granted under the security documents associated with the Orion Facility (which included the release of $11.2 million of restricted cash to the Company, which became unrestricted cash), and the Company and its subsidiaries were unconditionally released from their respective obligations under the Orion Credit Agreement (and related loan documents) and the Orion Facility without further action. With the termination of the Orion Facility and the Orion Credit Agreement and related loan documents, the lenders no longer have the right to appoint representatives to attend the Company’s Board of Director meetings as observers.

#### Outstanding Loans

### Connecticut Green Bank Loan

As of October 31, 2019, the Company had a long-term loan agreement with the Connecticut Green Bank, providing the Company with a loan of $1.8 million (the “Green Bank Loan Agreement”). On and effective as of December 19, 2019, the Company and Connecticut Green Bank entered into an amendment to the Green Bank Loan Agreement (the “Green Bank Amendment”). Upon the execution of the Green Bank Amendment on December 19, 2019, Connecticut Green Bank made an additional loan to the Company in the aggregate principal amount of $3.0 million (the “December 2019 Loan”), which was to be used (i) first, to pay closing fees related to the May 9, 2019 acquisition of the Bridgeport Fuel Cell Project and the Subordinated Credit Agreement (as defined below), other fees and interest, and (ii) thereafter, for general corporate purposes.

The Green Bank Amendment provides that, until such time as the loan (which includes both the outstanding principal balance of the original loan under the Green Bank Loan Agreement and the outstanding principal amount of the December 2019 Loan) has been repaid in its entirety, interest on the outstanding balance of the loan shall accrue at a rate of 8% per annum, payable by the Company on a monthly basis in arrears. Interest payments made by the Company after the date of the Green Bank Amendment are to be applied first to interest that has accrued on the outstanding principal balance of the original loan under the Green Bank Loan Agreement and then to interest that has accrued on the December 2019 Loan.

The Green Bank Amendment also modifies the repayment and mandatory prepayment terms and extends the maturity date set forth in the original Green Bank Loan Agreement. Under the Green Bank Amendment, to the extent that excess cash flow reserve funds under the BFC Credit Agreement (as defined below) are eligible for disbursement to Bridgeport Fuel Cell, LLC pursuant to Section 6.23(c) of the BFC Credit Agreement, such funds are to be paid to Connecticut Green Bank until the loans are repaid in full. The Green Bank Amendment further provides that any unpaid balance of the loan and all other obligations due under the Green Bank Loan Agreement will be due and payable on May 9, 2026. Finally, with respect to mandatory prepayments, the Green Bank Amendment provides that, when the Company has closed on the subordinated project term loan pursuant to the Commitment Letter, dated February 6, 2019, issued by Connecticut Green Bank to Groton Station Fuel Cell, LLC (“Groton Fuel Cell”) to provide a subordinated project term loan to Groton Fuel Cell in the amount of $5.0 million, the Company will be required to prepay to Connecticut Green Bank the lesser of any then outstanding amount of the December 2019 Loan and the amount of the subordinated project term loan actually advanced by Connecticut Green Bank. The balance under the original Green Bank Loan Agreement and the December 2019 Loan as of January 31, 2021 was $4.8 million.

### Bridgeport Fuel Cell Project Loans

On May 9, 2019, in connection with the closing of the purchase of the membership interests of Bridgeport Fuel Cell, LLC (“BFC”) (and the 14.9 MW Bridgeport Fuel Cell Project), BFC entered into a subordinated credit agreement with the Connecticut Green Bank whereby Connecticut Green Bank provided financing in the amount of $6.0 million (the “Subordinated Credit Agreement”). This $6.0 million consisted of $1.8 million in incremental funding that was received by BFC and $4.2 million of funding previously received by FuelCell Energy, Inc. with respect to which BFC became the primary obligor. As security for the Subordinated Credit Agreement, Connecticut Green Bank received a perfected lien, subordinated and second in priority to the liens securing the $25.0 million loaned under the BFC Credit Agreement (as defined below), in all of the same collateral securing the BFC Credit Agreement. The interest rate under the Subordinated Credit Agreement is 8% per annum. Principal and interest are due monthly in amounts sufficient to fully amortize the loan over an 84-month period ending in May 2026. The Subordinated Credit Agreement contains customary representations, warranties and covenants. The Subordinated Credit Agreement contains a debt coverage ratio which is required to be maintained and may not be less than 1.10 as of the end of each fiscal quarter, beginning with the quarter ended July 31, 2020. The balance under the Subordinated Credit Agreement as of January 31, 2021 was $4.9 million.

On May 9, 2019, in connection with the closing of the purchase of the Bridgeport Fuel Cell Project, BFC entered into a Credit Agreement with Liberty Bank, as administrative agent and co-lead arranger, and Fifth Third Bank as co-lead arranger and swap hedger (the “BFC Credit Agreement”), whereby (i) Fifth Third Bank provided financing in the amount of $12.5 million towards the purchase price for the BFC acquisition; and (ii) Liberty Bank provided financing in the amount of $12.5 million towards the purchase price for the BFC acquisition. As security for the BFC Credit Agreement, Liberty Bank and Fifth Third Bank were granted a first priority lien in (i) all assets of BFC, including BFC’s cash accounts, fuel cells, and all other personal property, as well as third party contracts including the Energy Purchase Agreement between BFC and Connecticut Light and Power Company dated July 10, 2009, as amended; (ii) certain fuel cell modules that are intended to be used to replace the Bridgeport Fuel Cell Project’s fuel cell modules as part of routine operation and maintenance; and (iii) FuelCell Energy Finance, LLC’s (“FuelCell Finance”) (a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company and the direct parent of BFC) ownership interest in BFC. The maturity date under the BFC Credit Agreement is May 9, 2025. Monthly principal and interest are to be paid in arrears in an amount sufficient to fully amortize the term loan over a 72-month period. BFC has the right to make additional principal payments or pay the balance due under the BFC Credit Agreement in full, provided that it pays any associated breakage fees with regard to the interest rate swap agreements fixing the interest rate. The interest rate under the BFC Credit Agreement fluctuates monthly at the 30-day LIBOR rate plus 275 basis points.

An interest rate swap agreement was required to be entered into with Fifth Third Bank in connection with the BFC Credit Agreement to protect against movements in the floating LIBOR index. Accordingly, on May 16, 2019, an interest rate swap agreement (the “Swap Agreement”) was entered into with Fifth Third Bank in connection with the BFC Credit Agreement for the term of the loan. The net interest rate across the BFC Credit Agreement and the swap transaction results in a fixed rate of 5.09%. The interest rate swap is adjusted to fair value on a quarterly basis. The estimated fair value is based on Level 2 inputs including primarily the forward LIBOR curve available to swap dealers. The valuation methodology involves comparison of (i) the sum of the present value of all monthly variable rate payments based on a reset rate using the forward LIBOR curve and (ii) the sum of the present value of all monthly fixed rate payments on the notional amount, which is equivalent to the outstanding principal amount of the loan. The fair value adjustments for the three months ended January 31, 2021 and January 31, 2020 resulted in a $0.1 million gain and a $0.03 million charge, respectively. The fair value of the interest rate swap liability at January 31, 2021 and October 31, 2020 was $0.9 million.

The BFC Credit Agreement requires BFC to maintain a debt service reserve. Each of Liberty Bank and Fifth Third Bank also has an operation and module replacement reserve (“O&M Reserve”) under the BFC Credit Agreement. BFC is required to deposit $100,000 per month into each O&M Reserve for the first five years of the BFC Credit Agreement, with such funds to be released at the sole discretion of Liberty Bank and Fifth Third Bank, as applicable. BFC is also required to maintain excess cash flow reserve accounts at each of Liberty Bank and Fifth Third Bank. Excess cash flow consists of cash generated by BFC from the Bridgeport Fuel Cell Project after payment of all expenses (including after payment of intercompany service fees to the Company), debt service to Liberty Bank and Fifth Third Bank, the funding of all required reserves, and payments to Connecticut Green Bank for the subordinated facility. BFC is also required to maintain a debt service coverage ratio of not less than 1.20, measured for the trailing year based on fiscal quarters beginning with the quarter ended July 31, 2020. The Company has certain quarterly and annual financial reporting requirements under the BFC Credit Agreement. The annual financial statements to be provided pursuant to such requirements are to be audited and accompanied by a report of an independent certified public accountant, which report shall not include a “going concern” matter of emphasis or any qualification as to the scope of such audit.

### State of Connecticut Loan

In October 2015, the Company closed on a definitive Assistance Agreement with the State of Connecticut (the “Assistance Agreement”) and received a disbursement of $10.0 million, which was used for the first phase of the expansion of the Company’s Torrington, Connecticut manufacturing facility. In conjunction with this financing, the Company entered into a $10.0 million promissory note and related security agreements securing the loan with equipment liens and a mortgage on its Danbury, Connecticut location. Interest accrues at a fixed interest rate of 2.0%, and the loan is repayable over 15 years from the date of the first advance, which occurred in October of 2015. Principal payments were deferred for four years from disbursement and began on December 1, 2019. Under the Assistance Agreement, the Company was eligible for up to $5.0 million in loan forgiveness if the Company created 165 full-time positions and retained 538 full-time positions for two consecutive years (the “Employment Obligation”) as measured on October 28, 2017 (the “Target Date”). The Assistance Agreement was subsequently amended in April 2017 to extend the Target Date by two years to October 28, 2019.

In January 2019, the Company and the State of Connecticut entered into a Second Amendment to the Assistance Agreement (the “Second Amendment”). The Second Amendment extended the Target Date to October 31, 2022 and amended the Employment Obligation to require the Company to continuously maintain a minimum of 538 full-time positions for 24 consecutive months. If the Company meets the Employment Obligation, as modified by the Second Amendment, and creates an additional 91 full-time positions, the Company may receive a credit in the amount of $2.0 million to be applied against the outstanding balance of the loan. However, based on the Company’s current headcount and plans for fiscal year 2021 and beyond, it will not meet this requirement or receive this credit. A job audit will be performed within 90 days of the Target Date. If the Company does not meet the Employment Obligation, then an accelerated payment penalty will be assessed at a rate of $18,587.36 multiplied by the number of employees below the number of employees required by the Employment Obligation. Such penalty is immediately payable and will be applied first to accelerate the payment of any outstanding fees or interest due and then to accelerate the payment of outstanding principal.

In April of 2020, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the State of Connecticut agreed to defer three months of principal and interest payments under the Assistance Agreement, beginning with the May 2020 payment. These deferred payments will be added at the end of the loan, thus extending out the maturity date by three months.

### Liberty Bank Promissory Note – PPP Note

For information regarding the PPP Note and the repayment of amounts owed under the PPP Note, see “-OVERVIEW AND RECENT DEVELOPMENTS—*Recent Developments—Repayment of Paycheck Protection Program Promissory Note”* above.

#### Restricted Cash

We have pledged approximately $31.0 million of our cash and cash equivalents as performance security and for letters of credit for certain banking requirements and contracts. As of January 31, 2021, outstanding letters of credit totaled $6.5 million. These expire on various dates through August 2028. Under the terms of certain contracts, we will provide performance security for future contractual obligations. The restricted cash balance as of January 31, 2021 also included $14.9 million primarily to support obligations under the power purchase and service agreements related to the PNC sale-leaseback transactions and $10.5 million relating to future obligations associated with the Bridgeport Fuel Cell Project. Refer to Note 15. “Restricted Cash” for a detailed discussion of the Company’s restricted cash balance.

#### Power purchase agreements

Under the terms of our PPAs, customers agree to purchase power from our fuel cell power plants at negotiated rates. Electricity rates are generally a function of the customers’ current and estimated future electricity pricing available from the grid. We are responsible for all operating costs necessary to maintain, monitor and repair our fuel cell power plants. Under certain agreements, we are also responsible for procuring fuel, generally natural gas or biogas, to run our fuel cell power plants. In addition, under certain agreements, we are required to produce minimum amounts of power under our PPAs and we have the right to terminate PPAs by giving written notice to the customer, subject to certain exit costs. As of January 31, 2021, our operating portfolio was 32.6 MW.

#### Service and warranty agreements

We warranty our products for a specific period of time against manufacturing or performance defects. Our standard U.S. warranty period is generally 15 months after shipment or 12 months after acceptance of the product. In addition to the standard product warranty, we have contracted with certain customers to provide services to ensure the power plants meet minimum operating levels for terms of up to 20 years. Pricing for service contracts is based upon estimates of future costs, which could be materially different from actual expenses. Refer to “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” for additional details.

#### Advanced Technologies contracts

We have contracted with various government agencies and certain companies from private industry to conduct research and development as either a prime contractor or sub-contractor under multi-year, cost-reimbursement and/or cost-share type contracts or cooperative agreements. Cost-share terms require that participating contractors share the total cost of the project based on an agreed upon ratio. In many cases, we are reimbursed only a portion of the costs incurred or to be incurred on the contract. While government research and development contracts may extend for many years, funding is often provided incrementally on a year-by-year basis if contract terms are met and Congress authorizes the funds. As of January 31, 2021, Advanced Technologies contract backlog totaled $44.1 million, of which $34.0 million is non-U.S. Government-funded, $9.9 million is U.S. Government-funded and $0.2 million is U.S. Government-unfunded. The amount that is non-U.S. Government-funded includes $10.0 million of milestone payments under the EMRE Joint Development Agreement that are contingent upon achieving technical milestones. If funding is terminated or delayed or if business initiatives change, we may choose to devote resources to other activities, including internally funded research and development.

#### Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have no off-balance sheet debt or similar obligations which are not classified as debt. We do not guarantee any third-party debt. See Note 17. “Commitments and Contingencies” to our Consolidated Financial Statements for the three months ended January 31, 2021 included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further information.

### CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Estimates are used in accounting for, among other things, revenue recognition, contract loss accruals, excess, slow-moving and obsolete inventories, product warranty accruals, loss accruals on service agreements, share-based compensation expense, allowance for doubtful accounts, depreciation and amortization, impairment of goodwill and in-process research and development intangible assets, impairment of long-lived assets (including project assets), lease liabilities and right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and contingencies. Estimates and assumptions are reviewed periodically, and the effects of revisions are reflected in the consolidated financial statements in the period they are determined to be necessary. Due to the inherent uncertainty involved in making estimates, actual results in future periods may differ from those estimates.

Our critical accounting policies are those that are both most important to our financial condition and results of operations and require the most difficult, subjective or complex judgments on the part of management in their application, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. For a complete description of our critical accounting policies that affect our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements, refer to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended October 31, 2020 filed with the SEC.

### ACCOUNTING GUIDANCE UPDATE

See Note 2. “Recent Accounting Pronouncements,” to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a summary of recently adopted accounting guidance.

## Market risk

As filed, 2,307 characters.

### Interest Rate Exposure

Cash is invested overnight with high credit quality financial institutions and therefore we are not exposed to market risk on our cash holdings from changing interest rates. Based on our overall interest rate exposure as of January 31, 2021, including all interest rate sensitive instruments, a change in interest rates of 1% would not have a material impact on our results of operations.

### Foreign Currency Exchange Risk

As of January 31, 2021, approximately 1.0% of our total cash and cash equivalents were in currencies other than U.S. dollars (primarily the Euro, Canadian dollars and South Korean Won) and we have no plans of repatriation. We make purchases from certain vendors in currencies other than U.S. dollars. Although we have not experienced significant foreign exchange rate losses to date, we may in the future, especially to the extent that we do not engage in currency hedging activities. The economic impact of currency exchange rate movements on our operating results is complex because such changes are often linked to variability in real growth, inflation, interest rates, governmental actions and other factors. These changes, if material, may cause us to adjust our financing and operating strategies.

### Derivative Fair Value Exposure Risk

#### Interest Rate Swap

On May 16, 2019, an interest rate swap agreement (the “Swap Agreement”) was entered into with Fifth Third Bank in connection with the BFC Credit Agreement for the term of the loan. The net interest rate across the BFC Credit Agreement and the swap transaction results in a fixed rate of 5.09%. The interest rate swap will be adjusted to fair value on a quarterly basis. The estimated fair value is based on Level 2 inputs including primarily the forward LIBOR curve available to swap dealers. The valuation methodology involves comparison of (i) the sum of the present value of all monthly variable rate payments based on a reset rate using the forward LIBOR curve and (ii) the sum of the present value of all monthly fixed rate payments on the notional amount, which is equivalent to the outstanding principal amount of the loan. The fair value adjustments for the three months ended January 31, 2021 and 2020 resulted in a gain of $0.1 million and a charge of $0.03 million, respectively.

## Controls and procedures

As filed, 1,693 characters.

The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures, which are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in the Company’s periodic SEC reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

We carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in the Company’s periodic SEC reports is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

There has been no change in our internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during the last fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

## Risk factors

As filed, 10,895 characters.

Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” of our most recently filed Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2020, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 21, 2021, sets forth information relating to important risks and uncertainties that could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results. Those risk factors continue to be relevant to an understanding of our business, financial condition and operating results and, accordingly, you should review and consider such risk factors in making any investment decision with respect to our securities. The following risk factors are being provided to supplement and to update the risk factors set forth in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” of our most recently filed Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2020.

***Our business and operations have been and may continue to be adversely affected by the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak or other similar outbreaks.***

Any outbreaks of contagious diseases, including the recent outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) that was first detected in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and has since developed into a global pandemic, and other adverse public health developments in countries where we and our suppliers operate, could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. These effects could include disruptions to or restrictions on our employees’ ability to travel, as well as temporary closures of our facilities or the facilities of our customers, suppliers, or other vendors in our supply chain. In addition, COVID-19 has resulted in a widespread health crisis that has adversely affected, and may continue to adversely affect, the economies and financial markets of many countries, resulting in an economic downturn that could affect demand for our products or our ability to obtain financing for our business or projects. COVID-19 may impact the health of our team members, directors or customers, reduce the availability of our workforce or those of companies with which we do business, or otherwise cause human impacts that may negatively impact our business. Any of these events, which may result in disruptions to our supply chain or customer demand, could materially and adversely affect our business and our financial results. The extent to which COVID-19 will impact our business and our financial results will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted. Such developments may include the geographic spread of COVID-19, the severity of the disease, the duration of the outbreak, the actions that may be taken by various governmental authorities in response to the outbreak, such as quarantine or “shelter-in-place” orders and business closures imposed by various states within the United States, and the impact on the U.S. or global economy. For example, on March 18, 2020, in response to the escalating global COVID-19 outbreak, we temporarily suspended operations at our Torrington, Connecticut manufacturing facility, and also ordered those employees that could work from home to do so. While we resumed operations in the manufacturing facility on June 22, 2020, and we have established a phased-in return to work schedule commencing March 15, 2021 for those employees working from home, we continue to evaluate our ability to operate in light of recent resurgences of COVID-19 and the advisability of continuing operations, based on federal, state and local guidance, evolving data concerning the pandemic and the best interests of our employees, customers and stockholders. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that any of our facilities will remain open (in full or in part), that our employees that have been working remotely will return to the office or that our other operations will continue at full or limited capacity. If we again have to shut down production either due to a worsening of the COVID-19 pandemic or due to an outbreak in one of our facilities, our project schedules and associated financing could be adversely affected. An extended period of remote working by our employees could strain our technology resources and introduce operational risks, including heightened cybersecurity risk. Further, we have experienced, and may continue to experience, increased costs and expenses, including as a result of (i) conducting daily “fitness-for-duty” assessments for employees, including symptom checks and providing personal protective equipment, (ii) the expansion of benefits to our employees, including the provision of additional time off for employees who have contracted COVID-19 or are required to be quarantined or who are unable to obtain childcare to return to work, and the reimbursement of expenses incurred while working from home, (iii) implementing increased health and safety protocols at all of our facilities, including increased cleaning/sanitization of workspaces, restricting visitor access, mandating social distancing guidelines and increasing the availability of sanitization products, and (iv) the increased cost of personal protective equipment. Although we believe the Company is currently considered an “essential” business in its operating markets, if any of the applicable exceptions or exemptions are curtailed or revoked in the future, or any of these exemptions or exceptions do not extend to any of our key suppliers, our business, operating results and financial condition could be adversely impacted. While we have attempted to continue business development activities during the pandemic, state and local shutdowns, shelter-in-place orders and travel restrictions have impeded our ability to meet with customers and solicit new business, and certain bids and solicitations in which we typically participate have been postponed. As a result, at this time, it is impossible to predict the overall impact of COVID-19 on our business, liquidity, capital resources, supply chain and financial results or its effect on clean energy demand, capital budgets of our customers, or demand for our products. Additionally, while we have continued to prioritize the health and safety of our team members and customers as we continue to operate during the pandemic, we face an increased risk of litigation related to our operating environments. Even after the COVID-19 pandemic has subsided, we may continue to experience adverse impacts to our business as a result of any economic recession that has occurred or may occur in the future because of the pandemic, or because the pandemic worsens again. Additional public health crises could also emerge in the future, including other pandemics or epidemics. Any such public health crisis could pose further risks to us and could also have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial position.

***Our PPP Loan may subject us to challenges regarding qualification for the PPP Loan, enforcement actions, fines and penalties, and has resulted in an informal SEC inquiry into our financial disclosures.***

On April 20, 2020, we entered into a Paycheck Protection Program Promissory Note, dated April 16, 2020 (the “PPP Note”), evidencing a loan to the Company from Liberty Bank under the CARES Act. Pursuant to the PPP Note, we received total proceeds of approximately $6.5 million on April 24, 2020 (the “PPP Loan”). In accordance with the requirements of the CARES Act, as amended by the Paycheck Protection Program Flexibility Act of 2020 (the “PPP Flexibility Act”), the PPP Loan may have been fully forgiven if (i) proceeds were used to pay eligible payroll costs, rent, mortgage interest and utilities and (ii) full-time employee headcount and salaries were either maintained during the 24-week period following disbursement of the PPP Loan or restored by December 31, 2020. If not so maintained or restored, forgiveness of the PPP Loan would have been reduced in accordance with regulations issued by the SBA. In order to obtain the consent of the Orion Agent and the lenders under the Orion Credit Agreement (each as defined elsewhere in this document) to enter into the PPP Note, the Orion Agent and such lenders required us to apply for forgiveness within 30 days after the last day of the loan forgiveness period as designated under regulations in effect as of June 6, 2020. We used 100% of the proceeds of the PPP Loan to pay eligible payroll costs, and on October 29, 2020, we applied for forgiveness of the PPP Loan. However, with the repayment in full of all amounts owed to the Orion Agent and lenders in December, 2020, the Company is no longer required to pursue forgiveness of the PPP Loan. Additionally, since the time of the application for forgiveness, the Company’s financial circumstances have changed substantially, such that the Company is no longer in need of forgiveness of the PPP Loan. While we believe we have met all of the requirements of the CARES Act, as amended by the PPP Flexibility Act, for forgiveness, on February 11, 2021, we withdrew our application for forgiveness and repaid all amounts outstanding under the PPP Note, together with all accrued interest.

In addition, based on guidance from the United States Department of the Treasury, since the total PPP Loan proceeds exceeded $2.0 million, our forgiveness application is subject to audit by the SBA, including with respect to our certification that the economic uncertainty at the time of our application made our request for a PPP Loan necessary to support our ongoing operations. If we are found to have been ineligible to receive the PPP Loan under the PPP Note, or in violation of any of the laws or regulations that may apply to us in connection with the PPP Note, including the False Claims Act, we may be subject to enforcement actions, fines and penalties, including significant civil, criminal and administrative penalties. In addition, our receipt of the PPP Loan, our submission of a forgiveness application, and our withdrawal of our forgiveness application may result in adverse publicity and damage to our reputation, governmental investigations, inquiries, reviews and audits, such as the SEC inquiry described below, which could consume significant financial and management resources. Any of these events could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.

On or about May 11, 2020, the Division of Enforcement of the SEC sent the Company an inquiry requesting that we voluntarily provide information to the SEC pertaining to our application and resulting PPP Loan and how the need for the PPP Loan compares with our filings, disclosures and financial condition. While this request for information is voluntary and the Company was not obligated to respond, we are cooperating and have provided information to the SEC.

Filed Mar 16, 2021.
Source: SEC EDGAR, the filing index for accession 0001564590-21-013322. Last ingested by Listed: Oct 30, 2026, 17:33 ET. No prices; not investment advice.