# California BanCorp \\ CA: Form 10-K for the period ended Dec 31, 2024

- Company: [California BanCorp \\ CA](/companies/bcal.md) (CIK 1795815)
- Form: 10-K
- Filed: 2025-04-01
- Accepted by EDGAR: Apr 1, 2025, 17:00 ET
- Period: 2024-12-31
- Accession: 0001628280-25-015957
- Inline XBRL: yes
- Main document: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1795815/000162828025015957/bcal-20241231.htm
- All documents and exhibits: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1795815/000162828025015957/

## Figures reported in this filing

Standardized XBRL line items for the period ended 2024-12-31.

| Line item | Period | Value | XBRL concept |
| --- | --- | ---: | --- |
| Income tax | 12 months, 2024-01-01 to 2024-12-31 | $2.8m | us-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit |
| Net income | 12 months, 2024-01-01 to 2024-12-31 | $5.4m | us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss |
| Diluted EPS | 12 months, 2024-01-01 to 2024-12-31 | $0.22 | us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted |
| Basic EPS | 12 months, 2024-01-01 to 2024-12-31 | $0.22 | us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic |
| Diluted shares (weighted) | 12 months, 2024-01-01 to 2024-12-31 | 24,623,397 shares | us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding |
| Operating cash flow | 12 months, 2024-01-01 to 2024-12-31 | $50.3m | us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities |
| Capital expenditure | 12 months, 2024-01-01 to 2024-12-31 | $552.0k | us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment |
| Share repurchases | 12 months, 2024-01-01 to 2024-12-31 | $2.0m | us-gaap:PaymentsForRepurchaseOfCommonStock |
| Cash and equivalents | at 2024-12-31 | $388.2m | us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue |
| Total assets | at 2024-12-31 | $4.03bn | us-gaap:Assets |
| Total liabilities | at 2024-12-31 | $3.52bn | us-gaap:Liabilities |
| Long-term debt | at 2024-12-31 | $69.7m | us-gaap:LongTermDebt |
| Shareholders' equity | at 2024-12-31 | $511.8m | us-gaap:StockholdersEquity |

## Business

As filed, 74,979 characters.

### General Overview

California BanCorp (formerly Southern California Bancorp) is a California corporation incorporated on October 2, 2019 and is registered with the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System as a bank holding company for California Bank of Commerce, N.A. (formerly Bank of Southern California, N.A.) under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended. On May 15, 2020, the Company completed a reorganization whereby the Bank became a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. California Bank of Commerce, N.A. began business operations in December 2001 under the name Ramona National Bank. The Bank changed its name to First Business Bank, N.A. in 2006, to Bank of Southern California, N.A. in 2010, and to California Bank of Commerce, N.A. on July 31, 2024. The Bank has a wholly-owned subsidiary, BCAL OREO1, LLC, which was incorporated on February 14, 2024. BCAL OREO1, LLC is used for holding other real estate owned and other assets acquired by foreclosure. The Bank operates under a federal charter and its primary regulator is the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (“OCC”). The words “we,” “us,” “our,” or the “Company” refer to California BanCorp and California Bank of Commerce, N.A. collectively and on a consolidated basis. References herein to “California BanCorp,” or the “holding company” refer to California BanCorp on a stand-alone basis. References to the “Bank” refer to California Bank of Commerce, N.A.

Since its founding, our franchise has experienced significant growth through acquisitions and our dedication to serving the communities in which we operate. As of December 31, 2024, our consolidated assets have grown to $4.03 billion and our branch footprint has been extended throughout California.

Community support is integral to who we are, how we operate, and our success in each community we bank. We have deep roots in the communities in which we do business in, through donations, regional Advisory Boards, and our employees’ involvement in local nonprofits. We support our communities through philanthropic giving to nonprofit organizations with which we generally have a direct banking relationship (including investments, deposits, and loans) and/or Community Reinvestment Act (“CRA”) service or referral relationships. Our Advisory Boards consist of leaders in the local business communities that offer insights into business conditions in the regional area and introduce us to prospective clients. Our employees are encouraged to volunteer their time to serve their communities in various capacities, including serving on the board of directors of non-profit organizations throughout California.

As a relationship-focused community bank, we offer a range of financial products and services to individuals, professionals, and small to medium-sized businesses through our 14 branch offices serving California. We have kept a steady focus on our solution-driven, relationship-based approach to banking, providing clients accessibility to decision makers and enhancing value through strong client partnerships. Our lending products consist primarily of construction and land development loans, commercial real estate (“CRE”) loans, commercial and industrial (“C&I”) loans, U.S. Small Business Administration (“SBA”) loans, and consumer loans. Our deposit products consist primarily of demand, money market, and certificates of deposit accounts and we offer treasury management services including online banking, cash vault, sweep accounts, and lockbox services.

As of December 31, 2024, we had total consolidated assets of $4.03 billion; total loans, including loans held for sale, of $3.16 billion; total deposits of $3.40 billion; and total shareholders’ equity of $511.8 million.

### Nasdaq Listing

On May 11, 2023, our common stock was listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market (“Nasdaq”) under the symbol “BCAL.” Prior to that date, our common stock was quoted under the same symbol on the OTC Pink Open Market.

### Our Strategy

In late 2020, with the appointment of David I. Rainer as Executive Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Company (the “Board”), and the addition of a group of seasoned Southern California banking executives with demonstrated past performance, we began an aggressive plan to tailor our footprint to align with our expanded commercial banking strategy and position ourselves as the commercial bank of choice for small- to medium-sized businesses in Southern California. This resulted in the expansion of the franchise through the opening of regional banking offices and branches in key Southern California markets, with a focus on relationship-based commercial banking, including locations in West Los Angeles, the San Fernando Valley and Ventura.

The expansion also included our acquisition of Bank of Santa Clarita (“BSCA”), located in an attractive banking community north of Los Angeles, and our merger with California BanCorp (“CALB”), located in Northern California, each of which had business models very complementary to ours. The acquisition of BSCA was announced on April 27, 2021, and completed on October 1, 2021. The merger with CALB was announced on January 30, 2024, and completed on July 31, 2024. Additionally, in a move designed to align our branch network to support our evolving commercial banking model, we announced the sale of our Orange, Redlands, and Santa Fe Springs retail branches on April 19, 2021, which was completed on September 24, 2021.

In late 2021 and 2022, we hired key strategic team members in the lending production, finance and accounting groups. In the future, with our expanded skilled team and infrastructure, our efforts will focus on organic growth while remaining opportunistic on strategic acquisitions that align with our business model.

Our management team is strongly aligned to execute the Company’s strategic vision and believes there is an extraordinary opportunity in California for a commercial bank to provide excellent service and banking products to small and medium-sized businesses, as well as to commercial real estate owners and investors. Management’s confidence in this opportunity is based on the fact that the state has the highest concentration of small businesses in the nation, while it has also experienced a 70% decrease in banks headquartered in the area over the last 23 years, according to data gathered from the FDIC and S&P Global IQ Pro, as of December 31, 2024. Our experience has shown us that small business owners will gravitate to a bank that offers them personalized, high-touch customer service that is generally unavailable to them from bigger banks. Our strategy is to grow the franchise in order to serve those customers, to increase value for our shareholders, to provide opportunities for employee development, and to serve the broader community.

We will continue to target small to medium-sized businesses and their owners in the primary

markets we serve.

#### Merger with California BanCorp

On January 30, 2024, we announced the execution of a definitive merger agreement with CALB, the holding company for California Bank of Commerce, pursuant to which we would merge with CALB in an all-stock merger (the “Merger”). The Merger closed on July 31, 2024. In connection with the Merger, our shareholders also approved a change of the Company’s name from Southern California

Bancorp to California BanCorp. We retained the banking offices of both banks, adding California Bank of Commerce’s one full-service bank branch and its four loan production offices in the Northern California to the Bank’s 13 full-service bank branches located throughout the Southern California region, for a total of 14 branch offices.

At July 31, 2024, CALB had total loans of $1.43 billion, total assets of $1.91 billion, and total deposits of $1.64 billion. The Merger created a bank holding company with approximately $4.25 billion in assets and 14 branches across California, with approximately 300 employees serving our communities. Total aggregate consideration paid for the Merger was approximately $216.6 million and resulted in approximately $74.0 million of preliminary goodwill, subject to adjustment in accordance with ASC 805. Refer to Note 2 - *Business Combinations* included in Item 8 of this filing for additional information.

### Our Market Area

Headquartered in Del Mar, California, we currently operate 14 branch offices and four loan production offices serving California. We define our target market as the Southern California counties of Ventura, Los Angeles, Orange and San Diego, as well as the Inland Empire and the Northern California counties of San Francisco, Marin, Contra Costa, Santa Clara, Alameda and Sacramento.

According to data released in 2024 from the World Bank and the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, California is the largest banking market in the United States, and would be the 5th largest economy in the world, behind Germany and ahead of India, if it were a separate country. The State of California Economic Development Department reports there are approximately 1.7 million small to medium-sized businesses in our target market. Given the large economy and preponderance of mid-market businesses, we believe that the lack of community banks in California offers us an extraordinary market opportunity.

Our business clientele is generally comprised of small to medium-sized businesses engaged in any of the following California business sectors:

- Manufacturing
- Wholesale Distribution
- Professional Services
- Commercial Real Estate
- Healthcare
- Hospitality
- Commercial Contractors
- Non-Profit Organizations

### Competition

The banking business is highly competitive, and we face competition in our market areas from many other local, regional, and national financial institutions. Competition among financial institutions is based on interest rates offered on deposit accounts, interest rates charged on loans, other credit and service products, charges relating to products and services, the quality and scope of the services rendered, and, in the case of loans to commercial borrowers, relative lending limits and timely decisions and responses to customer needs. We compete with commercial banks, credit unions, mortgage banking firms, finance companies, non-bank lenders, including “fintech” lenders, securities brokerage firms, insurance companies, money market funds and other mutual funds, as well as regional and national financial institutions that operate offices in our market areas and elsewhere. The competing major commercial banks have greater resources that may provide them with a competitive advantage by enabling them to maintain numerous branch offices, mount extensive advertising campaigns and invest in new technologies. The increasingly competitive environment is the result of changes in regulation, changes in technology and product delivery systems, additional non-bank financial service providers, and the accelerating pace of consolidation among financial services providers.

The financial services industry could become even more competitive due to legislative, regulatory and technological changes and continued consolidation. Banks, securities firms and insurance companies can merge under the umbrella of a financial holding company, which can offer most types of financial services, including banking, securities underwriting, insurance (both agency and underwriting) and merchant banking. Also, technology has lowered barriers to entry and made it possible for non-banks to offer products and services traditionally provided by banks, such as automatic transfer and automatic payment systems.

Some of our non-banking competitors, such as fintech lenders, have fewer regulatory constraints and may have lower cost structures. In addition, some of our competitors have assets, capital and lending limits greater than ours, have greater access to capital markets and offer a broader range of products and services than we do. These institutions may have the ability to finance wide-ranging advertising campaigns and may also be able to offer lower rates on loans and higher rates on deposits than we can offer. Some of these institutions offer services, such as international banking, which we do not offer, except for a limited suite of services such as international wires and currency exchange through a third party.

We compete with these institutions by focusing on our position as an independent, commercial business bank with strong knowledge of our markets through our local advisory boards. We support local community activities and have personal relationships with our customers established by our officers, directors, and employees. We pride ourselves in providing specialized services tailored to meet the needs of the customers we serve. We actively cultivate relationships with our customers that extend beyond a single loan to a full suite of products and services that serve the needs of our commercial customers. Our goal is to develop long-standing connections with our customers and the communities that we serve. While our position varies by market, we believe that we can compete effectively because of local market knowledge, local decision making, and awareness of customer needs.

### Our Business

### General

We offer a full array of competitively priced commercial loan and deposit products, as well as other services delivered directly or through strategic alliances with other service providers. The products offered are aimed at both business and individual customers in our target market.

### Credit Administration and Loan Review

The safety of a bank’s capital is dependent on the quality of its loan portfolio. We believe high quality loans are typically associated with a bank that has a simple but concise loan policy. Accordingly, our loan policies set out guidelines for the underwriting and extension of credit that are specific to us. These policies enable us to underwrite loans in a focused, efficient manner that incorporates our credit culture and strategic objectives.

Lending is a dynamic process and is dependent on the assessment of the adequacy and reliability of a borrower’s cash flow, collateral, integrity and willingness to repay the loan according to normal and customary terms. We understand the nature of gathering information, assessing its value and then making decisions based on the relevant facts. Our policies are designed to help ensure that all loan applicants are credit-checked thoroughly and the decision to provide a credit extension is made only after all pertinent information is developed and analyzed.

Basic to developing mutually profitable relationships is flexibility and adaptability to our clients’ requirements, while adhering to sound lending principles and objectives. Our strategy for evaluating credit worthiness is to follow conservative loan policies and consistent underwriting practices.

The following are key objectives of our loan philosophy:

a. Sound and constructive extension of credit based on the adequacy and reliability of cash flow.

b. Structuring loan terms around the purpose of the loan and the corresponding primary repayment source.

c. Assessing management experience, track record and quality of the management team.

d. Relationship-based loan extensions that include a deposit relationship, not solely transaction based. Loans are generally extended to individuals and businesses that have high integrity and benefit both us and the community.

e. We do not discriminate on the basis of color, race, national origin, religion, sexual orientation, marital status, disability, age or gender. We seek to provide credit to all borrowers who qualify, applying both the letter and spirit of all regulations relating to lending and credit.

### Lending Limits

As a national bank, our ability to make aggregate loans to one-borrowing-relationship is generally limited to 15% of unimpaired capital and surplus. If the loan is secured by readily marketable collateral, the limit is raised by 10%, bringing the total to 25% of unimpaired capital and surplus. At December 31, 2024, our limit on aggregate loans-to-one-borrower was $73.9 million for loans that are not fully secured. An additional 10% limit is allowed if fully secured by readily marketable collateral. Our legal lending limit will increase or decrease as our level of capital increases or decreases. We may sell loans or participations in our loans to other financial institutions to manage the risk involved in large dollar loans or to manage portfolio concentrations and to meet the lending needs of our customers requiring extensions of credit in excess of regulatory limits.

### Lending Products

We offer a diversified mix of business loans primarily encompassing the following loan products: (i) construction and land development loans; (ii) real estate loans; (iii) commercial and industrial loans; (iv) SBA loans, guaranteed in part by the U.S. Government; and (v) consumer loans. We occasionally offer lines of credit, secured by a lien on real estate owned by our clients, which may include the primary personal residence of our clients; such lines of credit generally are requested to accommodate the business and investment needs of that customer. We encourage relationship banking, obtaining a substantial portion of each borrower’s banking business, including deposit accounts. We will engage in transactional-based lending only for borrowers with successful track records who typically have worked with our employees here or at other banks and have a good record of repayment.

The following table presents the composition of our loans held for investment portfolio at December 31, 2024.

*(dollars in thousands)*

|  | Non SBA Loans | % of Total | SBA Loans | % of Total | Total | % of Total |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| Construction and land development | $222,016 | 7.1% | $5,309 | 0.2% | $227,325 | 7.3% |
| Real estate - other: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1-4 family residential | 164,401 | 5.2% | — | —% | 164,401 | 5.2% |
| Multifamily residential | 243,993 | 7.8% | — | —% | 243,993 | 7.8% |
| Commercial real estate and other | 1,601,029 | 51.0% | 166,698 | 5.3% | 1,767,727 | 56.3% |
| Commercial and industrial | 693,535 | 22.1% | 17,435 | 0.6% | 710,970 | 22.7% |
| Consumer | 24,749 | 0.7% | — | —% | 24,749 | 0.7% |
| Loans held for investment(1) | $2,949,723 | 93.9% | $189,442 | 6.1% | $3,139,165 | 100.0% |

*(1) Loans held for investment includes net unearned fees of $1.8 million and net unearned discount of $58.5 million at December 31, 2024.*

#### Construction and Land Development Loans

We offer adjustable rate residential and commercial construction loan financing to builders, developers or other investors. Product type may be residential housing or commercial structures. The term of construction and development loans generally is limited to 12 to 36 months. Most loans require payment in full upon the sale or refinance of the property, unless the project is user-owned which may then convert to a conventional term loan. Management believes that construction and development loans generally carry a higher degree of risk than long-term financing of stabilized, rented, and owner-occupied properties because repayment depends on the ultimate completion of the project and usually on the subsequent sale or refinance of the property. Specific material risks may include:

- Unforeseen delays in the building or the project
- Cost overruns or inadequate contingency reserves
- Poor management of construction process
- Inferior or improper construction techniques
- Changes in the economic environment during the construction period
- A downturn in the real estate market
- Rising interest rates which may impact the sale of the property and its price
- Failure to sell or stabilize completed projects in a timely manner

We attempt to reduce risks associated with construction and land development loans typically by obtaining personal guarantees and by keeping the maximum loan-to-value ratio at or below 75%, depending on the project type. Many of our loans will include interest reserves built into the loan commitment. Generally, for owner-occupied commercial construction loans, we will require periodic cash payments for interest from the borrower’s cash flow. As of December 31, 2024, we had $222.0 million of construction and development loans, or 7.1% of our loans held-for-investment portfolio, excluding SBA loans, and there were $9.7 million non-performing construction and land development loans.

#### Real Estate Loans

A significant component of our loan portfolio is real estate loans. These loans are secured by single family residential properties (one to four units), multifamily residential properties (five or more units), owner-occupied CRE, and non-owner-occupied CRE. Real estate loans are subject to the same general risks as other loans and may also be impacted by changing demographics, collateral maintenance, and product supply and demand. Rising interest rates, as well as other factors arising after a loan has been made, could negatively affect not only property values but also a borrower’s cash flow, creditworthiness, and ability to repay the loan. Increasing interest rates can impact real estate values as rising rates generally cause a similar movement in capitalization rates which can cause real estate collateral values to decline. We usually obtain a security interest in real estate, in addition to any other available collateral, in order to increase the likelihood of the ultimate repayment of the loan. We do not underwrite closed-end term consumer loans secured by a borrower’s residence. Junior liens may be considered in connection with a consumer home equity line of credit (“HELOC”), or as additional collateral support for SBA and other business loans.

As of December 31, 2024, we had $2.01 billion of real estate loans, or 64.0% of our loans held for investment, excluding SBA loans. These included $1.13 billion of loans secured by non-owner occupied CRE, $472.2 million of loans secured by owner-occupied CRE, $244.0 million of loans secured by multifamily residential properties, and $164.4 million of loans secured by single family residential properties, of which $28.7 million were HELOCs. There were $11.8 million non-performing real estate loans at December 31, 2024.

Our CRE loans generally have terms of 10 years or less, although payments may be structured on a longer amortization basis. Each borrower is evaluated on an individual basis with an emphasis on determining their business risks and credit profile. We work to reduce credit risk in the CRE portfolio by emphasizing loans on owner-occupied and non-owner-occupied CRE, and multi-family buildings, where the loan-to-value percentage, established by independent appraisals, is up to 75% of purchase price or appraised value, whichever is less. Generally, we also require that a borrower’s cash flow exceed 125% of monthly debt service obligations. In order to provide secondary sources of repayment and liquidity to support a loan request, we typically also review all of the personal financial statements of the principal owners and require their personal guarantees. Commercial real estate loans are typically larger than most residential real estate loans or consumer loans, and depend on cash flows from the owner’s business or the property to service the debt. Because our loan portfolio contains a number of CRE loans with relatively large balances, the deterioration of one or a few of these loans could cause a significant increase in our levels of nonperforming assets.

#### Commercial and Industrial Loans

Our C&I loans are generally made to businesses located in California. These loans are made to finance operations, to provide working capital, or for specific purposes such as to finance the purchase of assets or equipment or to finance accounts receivable and inventory. Our C&I loans may be secured (other than by real estate) or unsecured. They may take the form of single payment, installment, or lines of credit. These are generally based on the financial strength and integrity of the borrower and guarantor(s) and generally (with some exceptions) are collateralized by short-term assets such as accounts receivable, inventory, equipment, or a borrower’s other business assets. Commercial term loans are typically made to finance the acquisition of fixed assets, refinance short-term debt originally used to purchase fixed assets or, in rare cases, to finance the purchase of businesses. As of December 31, 2024, we had $693.5 million of C&I loans, or 22.1% of our loans held for investment portfolio, excluding SBA loans, and there were $4.9 million non-performing C&I loans.

#### Small Business Administration (“SBA”) Loans

#### Small Business Administration Loans

We are designated as a Preferred Lender under the SBA Preferred Lender Program, and we offer both an SBA 7(a) loan program, generally at variable rates, and an SBA 504 loan program, generally with an initial fixed rate for a term of between five and seven years. These SBA loans are reported in construction and land loans, real estate loans, and C&I loans.

We originate SBA 7(a) loans with the intention of selling the guaranteed portion in the secondary market as soon as the loan is fully funded and the guaranteed portion may be sold. The SBA 7(a) loan program provides up to a 75% guaranty for loans greater than $150,000, an 85% guaranty for loans $150,000 or less and, in certain circumstances, up to a 90% guaranty. The maximum SBA 7(a) loan amount is $5 million and typically these loans are real estate secured loans and mature in 10 years or less. The guaranty is conditional and covers a portion of the risk of payment default by the borrower, but not the risk of improper underwriting and servicing by the lender. Consideration for the sale includes the cash received as well as the related servicing asset. We receive servicing fees ranging from 0.25% to 1.00% for the services provided. The portions of the SBA 7(a) loans not sold but collateralized by real estate are monitored by collateral type and are included in our loans held for investment portfolio.

The SBA 504 loan program is not guaranteed by the SBA, as there is a junior lien loan that is funded separately by the SBA. The SBA 504 loan program consists of real estate backed commercial mortgages where we have the first mortgage and the SBA has the second mortgage on the property. Generally, we have a 50% loan-to-value ratio on SBA 504 loan program loans at the origination date. Our SBA 504 loans are typically made to manufacturing companies, wholesalers and retailers, hotels/motels, and other service businesses for the purpose of purchasing real estate, refinancing real estate, and property improvements or business equipment needs. SBA 504 loans can have maturities of up to 25 years. In addition to real estate, collateral may also include inventory, accounts receivable and equipment. SBA loans are personally guaranteed.

As of December 31, 2024, we had $189.4 million of SBA loans, representing 6.1% of total loans held for investment, and there were $374 thousand non-performing SBA loans.

#### Consumer Loans

We occasionally make loans to individuals for personal and household purposes, including secured and unsecured installment loans and revolving lines of credit. Consumer loans are underwritten based on the borrower’s income, current debt level, past credit history, and the availability and value of collateral. Consumer rates are both fixed and variable, with negotiable terms. Our installment loans typically amortize over periods of up to 5 years. Although we typically require monthly payments of interest and a portion of the principal on our loan products, we will offer consumer loans with a single maturity date when a specific source of repayment is available. Also included in our consumer loan portfolio are consumer solar panel loans that were acquired as part of the merger with CALB. They consist of residential solar panel loans to consumers with an average individual term ranging from 10 to 20 years and are primarily collateralized by the related equipment. Consumer loans are generally considered to have greater risk than first or second mortgages on real estate because they may be unsecured, or, if they are secured, the value of the collateral may be difficult to assess and more likely to decrease in value than real estate. As of December 31, 2024, we had $24.7 million consumer loans, representing 0.7% of total loans held for investment. There were $150 thousand consumer solar loans that were over 90 days past due that were accruing interest and no nonaccrual consumer loans at December 31, 2024.

### Deposit Products

We offer comprehensive treasury services tools that are designed to improve our clients’ cash flow, minimize unnecessary fees, and maximize their earnings. These services are offered at our branch locations and include analyzed business checking accounts, remote deposit capture, ACH origination, cash vault services, courier service, and lockbox processing. Transaction accounts and time deposits are tailored to our customers and are relationship-based. Our customers primarily include businesses, business owners and their trusts, limited liability corporations, business partnerships, associations, organizations and governmental authorities. Our deposits are insured by the FDIC up to statutory limits of $250,000 per depositor. As of December 31, 2024, we had total deposits of $3.40 billion, including noninterest-bearing demand deposits of $1.26 billion, or 37.0% of total deposits. Our total deposit cost was 2.01% for the year ended December 31, 2024.

We participate in the Certificate of Deposit Account Registry Service (“CDARS”), IntraFi Network Insured Cash Sweep (“ICS”), and Reich & Tang Deposit Solutions (“R&T”) networks. We receive an equal dollar amount of deposits (“reciprocal deposits”) from other participating banks in exchange for the deposits we place into the networks to fully qualify large customer deposits for FDIC insurance. These reciprocal deposits are not required to be treated as brokered deposits up to the lesser of 20% of the Bank’s total liabilities or $5 billion. Reciprocal deposits are recorded as interest-bearing non-maturity deposits in the consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2024, total reciprocal deposits were $754.4 million, or 22.2% of total deposits.

Total interest-bearing non-maturity deposits at December 31, 2024 were $1.86 billion, representing 54.6% of total deposits. We participated in the Time Deposit Program administered by the California State Treasurer in 2024 and 2023. As of December 31, 2024, time deposits from the State of California totaled $5.0 million. In connection with our participation in this program, we purchased $5.0 million in letters of credit issued by FHLB as collateral at December 31, 2024.

Well-capitalized institutions are not subject to limitations on brokered deposits. As of December 31, 2024, we had $121.1 million brokered time deposits, representing 3.6% of total deposits.

### Debt Securities

Our debt securities portfolio is classified as either “held-to-maturity” or “available-for-sale.” Debt securities are classified as held-to-maturity when we have the positive intent and ability to hold the securities to maturity. Debt securities classified as “available-for-sale” may be sold prior to maturity due to changes in interest rates, prepayment risks, availability of alternative investments, or to meet our liquidity needs. At December 31, 2024, debt securities held-to-maturity and available-for sale had carrying amounts of $53.3 million and $142.0 million, respectively. Our held-to-maturity and available-for-sale debt securities represented 1.32% and 3.52%, respectively, of total assets at December 31, 2024.

The primary objective of our investing activities is to provide for the safety of the principal invested. Our secondary considerations include the maximization of earnings, liquidity and to help decrease our overall exposure to changes in interest rates. We generally invest in bonds with lower credit risk, primarily those secured by government agencies or highly rated municipalities, to assist in the diversification of credit risk within our asset base.

Currently, we primarily invest in agency securities, municipal bonds, mortgage-backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations securities, SBA loan pools securities, and U.S. Treasury securities.

### Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company

We qualify as an emerging growth company as that term is used in the Jumpstart Our Business

Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”). An emerging growth company may take advantage of specified reduced reporting and other burdens that are otherwise applicable generally to public companies. These provisions include:

- a requirement to have only two years of audited financial statements and only two years of related management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations;
- exemption from the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of the emerging growth company’s internal control over financial reporting under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002;
- reduced disclosure about the emerging growth company’s executive compensation arrangements; and
- no non-binding advisory votes on executive compensation or golden parachute arrangements.

We could remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of (i) the end of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the completion of our initial public offering which would be December 31, 2028, (ii) the last day of the first fiscal year in which our annual gross revenues exceed $1.235 billion, (iii) the date that we become a “large accelerated filer” as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act, which would occur if the market value of our common stock that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter, or (iv) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt during the preceding three year period. We have elected to take advantage of the reduced disclosure requirements described above regarding our executive compensation arrangements for purposes of this annual report. In addition, we expect to take advantage of certain of the reduced reporting and other requirements of the JOBS Act with respect to the periodic reports we will file with the SEC and proxy statements that we use to solicit proxies from our shareholders.

In addition, Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards; however, we have irrevocably “opted out” of this provision, and we will comply with new or revised accounting standards to the same extent that compliance is required for non-emerging growth public companies. See our discussion in “Item 1A - Risk Factors.”

### Employees

As of December 31, 2024, we had 289 full-time equivalent employees. None of our employees are represented by any collective bargaining unit or is party to a collective bargaining agreement. We consider our relationship with our employees to be good and have not experienced interruptions of operations due to labor disagreements.

We provide competitive compensation and benefits packages to our employees. In addition to salaries, we provide annual bonus opportunities to all employees, and we offer a 401(k) plan with an employer matching contribution, healthcare and insurance benefits, as well as flexible and health care savings accounts.

We have implemented a Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (“DEI”) Policy. A company’s

commitment to diversity and inclusion is demonstrated by its leadership, its diversity policies and

practices. We foster a corporate culture that embraces DEI by (i) including DEI considerations in our recruiting, hiring, retention, and promotion practices; (ii) providing periodic progress reports to the Board; (iii) conducting regular training and education opportunities on equal employment opportunity and DEI; and (iv) taking proactive steps to promote a diverse pool of candidates.

### General Corporate Information

Our principal executive offices are located at 12265 El Camino Real, Suite 210, San Diego, California 92130 and our telephone number at that address is (844) 265-7622. Additional information can be found on our website: www.californiabankofcommerce.com. Information on our website or any other website is not incorporated by reference herein and does not constitute a part of this annual report.

### Public Information

Our SEC filings are available to the public on the SEC’s Internet site at http://www.sec.gov. You may also obtain these documents, free of charge, from the investor relations section of our website at http://www.californiabankofcommerce.com.

### Supervision and Regulation

We are extensively regulated under federal and state law. As a bank holding company, the Company is subject to the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (the “Bank Holding Company Act”), and its primary regulator is the Federal Reserve. As a national bank, the Bank is supervised by the OCC, which has responsibility to ensure safety and soundness of the national banking system; ensure fair and equal access to financial services; enforce anti-money and anti-terrorism finance laws; and for national banks with less than $10 billion in assets, enforce consumer protection regulations. In addition, as an insured depository institution, we are subject to regulation by the FDIC.

Federal and state laws and regulations generally applicable to financial institutions regulate our scope of business, investments, reserves against deposits, capital levels, the nature and amount of collateral for loans, the establishment of branches, mergers, acquisitions, dividends, and other matters. This regulation and supervision by the federal banking agencies is intended primarily for the protection of clients and depositors, the stability of the U.S. financial system, and the Deposit Insurance Fund administered by the FDIC and not for the benefit of shareholders or debt holders.

The following discussion explains the major legislation and regulation affecting the banking industry and how that legislation and regulation affects our business. The following summary is qualified by reference to the statutory and regulatory provisions discussed. Changes in applicable laws or regulations may have a material effect on our business and prospects, and legislative changes and the policies of various regulatory authorities may significantly affect our operations. We cannot predict the effect that fiscal or monetary policies, or new federal or state legislation or regulation may have on our future business and earnings.

### Capital Adequacy

Bank holding companies and depository institutions are generally required to maintain minimum levels of capital and are subject to consolidated risk-based and leverage capital rules. Under the Federal Reserve’s Small Bank Holding Company Policy Statement (Regulation Y, Appendix C), qualifying bank holding companies with total consolidated assets of less than $3 billion are exempt from these consolidated capital rules. Prior to the merger with CALB during the third quarter of 2024, the Company qualified for treatment under the Small Bank Holding Company Policy Statement and, therefore, was not subject to consolidated capital rules at the bank holding company level. Beginning in the third quarter of 2024, the Company became subject to the consolidated capital rules at the bank holding company level.

The federal banking agencies have adopted minimum risk-based capital requirements (Tier 1 capital, common equity Tier 1 capital (“CET1”) and total capital) and leverage capital requirements, as well as guidelines that define components of the calculation of capital and the level of risk associated with various types of assets. Financial institutions are expected to maintain a level of capital commensurate with the risk profile assigned to their assets in accordance with the guidelines.

In addition to the minimum risk-based capital and leverage ratios, banking organizations must maintain a “capital conservation buffer” consisting of CET1 in an amount equal to 2.5% of risk-weighted assets in order to avoid restrictions on their ability to make capital distributions and to pay certain discretionary bonus payments to executive officers. In order to avoid those restrictions, the capital conservation buffer effectively increases the minimum CET1 capital, Tier 1 capital, and total capital ratios for U.S. banking organizations to 7.0%, 8.5%, and 10.5%, respectively. A banking organization with capital levels falling within the buffer may be required to limit dividends, share repurchases or redemptions (unless replaced within the same calendar quarter by capital instruments of equal or higher quality), and discretionary bonus payments.

The following table presents the capital ratios applicable to the Company and the Bank:

| As of December 31, 2024: | Minimum Capital Required To be Adequately Capitalized | With Capital Conservation Buffer | To be Well- Capitalized under PCA Provisions(1) |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| Total Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets) | 8.0% | 10.5% | 10.0% |
| Tier 1 Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets) | 6.0% | 8.5% | 8.0% |
| CET1 Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets) | 4.5% | 7.0% | 6.5% |
| Tier 1 Capital (to Average Assets) | 4.0% | 4.0% | 5.0% |

1\. For Bank only.

The capital rules require that goodwill and other intangible assets (other than mortgage servicing assets), net of associated deferred tax liabilities (“DTLs”), be deducted from CET1 capital. Additionally, deferred tax assets (“DTAs”) that arise from net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards, net of associated DTLs and valuation allowances, are fully deducted from CET1 capital. However, DTAs arising from temporary differences that could not be realized through net operating loss carrybacks, along with mortgage servicing assets and “significant” (defined as greater than 10% of the issued and outstanding common stock of the unconsolidated financial institution) investments in the common stock of unconsolidated “financial institutions” are partially included in CET1 capital, subject to deductions defined in the rules.

Banking regulators also consider interest rate risk (arising when the interest rate sensitivity of a banking organization’s assets does not match the sensitivity of its liabilities or its off-balance-sheet position) in the evaluation of capital adequacy. Banking organizations with excessive interest rate risk exposure are required to hold additional amounts of capital against their exposure to losses resulting from that risk. Through the risk-weighting of assets, the regulators also require banks to incorporate market risk components into their risk-based capital. Under these market risk requirements, capital is allocated to support the amount of market risk related to a banking organization’s lending and trading activities.

### Enforcement Powers

If a federal banking agency determines that the financial condition, capital resources, asset quality, earnings prospects, management, liquidity, or other aspects of a bank holding company, a bank or their operations are unsatisfactory or that it or its management was in violation of any law or regulation, the agency has the authority to take a number of different remedial actions as it deems appropriate under the circumstances. These actions include the power to enjoin any “unsafe or unsound” banking practices; to require that affirmative action be taken to correct any conditions resulting from any violation of law or unsafe or unsound practice; to issue an administrative order that can be judicially enforced; to require that it increase its capital; to restrict its growth; to assess civil monetary penalties against it or its officers or directors; to remove officers and directors of the bank; and if the federal banking agency concludes that such conditions at the bank holding company or the bank cannot be corrected or there is an imminent risk of loss to depositors, to terminate a bank’s deposit insurance, which would then require it to cease its banking operations.

### Regulation of the Company

As a bank holding company, we are subject to supervision, regulation and examination by the Federal Reserve under the Bank Holding Company Act and the regulations of the Federal Reserve. We are required to file quarterly reports with the Federal Reserve and to provide additional information as the Federal Reserve may require. The Federal Reserve regularly examines us, may examine any of our subsidiaries and charges us for the cost of the examinations. The Federal Reserve also has extensive enforcement authority over bank holding companies, as discussed above, and may require that a holding company divest subsidiaries (including its bank subsidiaries).

Acquisitions of Banks. The Bank Holding Company Act requires every bank holding company to obtain the prior approval of the Federal Reserve before:

- acquiring direct or indirect ownership or control of any voting shares of any bank if, after the acquisition, the bank holding company will directly or indirectly own or control more than 5% of the bank’s voting shares;
- acquiring all or substantially all of the assets of any bank; or
- merging or consolidating with any other bank holding company.

Additionally, the Bank Holding Company Act provides that the Federal Reserve may not approve any of these transactions if it would result in or tend to create a monopoly, substantially lessen competition, or otherwise function as a restraint of trade, unless the anti-competitive effects of the proposed transaction are clearly outweighed by the public interest in meeting the convenience and needs of the communities to be served. The Federal Reserve is also required to consider the financial and managerial resources and future prospects of the bank holding companies and banks involved in the transaction. The Federal Reserve’s consideration of financial resources generally focuses on capital adequacy, which is discussed above.

Change in Bank Control. Subject to various exceptions, the Bank Holding Company Act and the Change in Bank Control Act of 1978, as amended, together with related regulations, require Federal Reserve approval prior to any person or company acquiring “control” of a bank holding company. Control exists if an individual or company acquires 25% or more of any class of voting securities of the bank holding company. Control is generally presumed to exist if a person or company acquires 10% or more, but less than 25%, of any class of voting securities of the bank holding company, but the regulations set forth certain circumstances in which this presumption does not apply, and the regulations also provide a procedure for challenging presumptions of control.

Permitted Activities. The Bank Holding Company Act generally prohibits a bank holding company from engaging in activities other than banking, managing or controlling banks or other permissible subsidiaries, and from acquiring or retaining direct or indirect control of any company engaged in any activities other than those determined by the Federal Reserve to be so closely related to banking or managing or controlling banks as to be a proper incident thereto. The Gramm Leach Bliley Act (“GLBA”) expanded the permissible activities of a bank holding company that qualifies as a financial holding company to engage in activities that are financial in nature or incidental or complementary to financial activities. Those activities include, among other activities, certain insurance, advisory and securities activities. We have not elected to be a financial holding company.

Imposition of Liability for Undercapitalized Subsidiaries: Source of Strength. Under the Federal Deposit Insurance Act (the “FDIA”) federal banking agencies are required to take “prompt corrective action” should an insured depository institution fail to meet certain capital adequacy standards. In the event an institution becomes “undercapitalized,” it must submit a capital restoration plan. The capital restoration plan will not be accepted by the regulators unless each company “having control of” the undercapitalized institution “guarantees” the subsidiary’s compliance with the capital restoration plan until it becomes “adequately capitalized.” For purposes of this statute, the Company controls the Bank. The FDIA grants greater powers to bank regulators in situations where an institution becomes “significantly” or “critically” undercapitalized or fails to submit a capital restoration plan. For example, a bank holding company controlling such an institution can be required to obtain prior Federal Reserve approval of proposed distributions, or might be required to consent to a merger or to divest the troubled institution or other affiliates. See “*Regulation of the Bank — Prompt Corrective Action”* below.

Federal law and Federal Reserve policy require that the Company act as a source of financial and managerial strength to the Bank, committing capital resources to the Bank when needed, including at times when it may not be in a financial position to do so. As discussed above, the Company could be required to guarantee a capital plan of the Bank if it becomes undercapitalized for purposes of banking regulations. Any capital loans by a bank holding company to its subsidiary bank are subordinate in right of payment to deposits and to certain other indebtedness of such subsidiary bank. The Bank Holding Company Act provides that, in the event of a bank holding company’s bankruptcy, any commitment by the bank holding company to a federal bank regulatory agency to maintain the capital of a bank subsidiary will be assumed by the bankruptcy trustee and entitled to priority of payment.

Restrictions on Dividends and Stock Repurchases. Our ability to pay dividends to our shareholders is limited by the regulations and policies of the Federal Reserve applicable to bank holding companies and general corporate law. The Federal Reserve’s consolidated capital rules require bank

holding companies to maintain a minimum “capital conservation buffer” on top of each of the minimum

risk-based capital ratios to avoid restrictions on capital distributions such as dividends and equity

repurchases. See “Capital Adequacy” above. In addition, it is the Federal Reserve’s policy that a bank holding company should generally pay dividends on common stock only out of current income available over the past year, and only if prospective earnings retention is consistent with the organization’s expected future needs and financial condition, and current Federal Reserve policy further calls for a bank holding company to consult with the Federal Reserve before repurchasing shares or paying dividends during a quarter in an amount that exceeds its earnings for the quarter. It is also the Federal Reserve’s policy that bank holding companies should not maintain dividend levels that undermine their ability to be a source of strength to their banking subsidiaries. The Federal Reserve has indicated that bank holding companies should carefully review their dividend policies and has discouraged payment ratios that are at maximum allowable levels unless both asset quality and capital are very strong.

Bank holding companies must consult with the Federal Reserve before redeeming any equity or other capital instrument included in regulatory capital prior to stated maturity if such redemption could have a material effect on the level or composition of the organization’s capital base. Bank holding companies experiencing financial weaknesses, or that are at significant risk of developing financial weaknesses, must consult with the Federal Reserve before redeeming or repurchasing common stock or other regulatory capital instruments.

As a California corporation, we are subject to California law, which permits California corporations to distribute cash or property to shareholders, including as a dividend or repurchase or redemption of shares, if the corporation meets either a retained earnings test or a “balance sheet” test.

Under the retained earnings test, we may make a distribution from retained earnings to the extent that our retained earnings exceed the sum of the amount of the distribution plus the amount, if any, of dividends in arrears on shares with preferential dividend rights. We may also make a distribution if, immediately after the distribution, the value of our assets equals or exceeds the sum of our total liabilities plus the liquidation preference of any shares which have a preference upon dissolution over the rights of shareholders receiving the distribution. Indebtedness is not considered a liability if the terms of such indebtedness provide that payment of principal and interest thereon are to be made only if, and to the extent that, a distribution to shareholders could be made under the balance sheet test. In addition, we may not make distributions if we are, or as a result of the distribution would be, likely to be unable to meet our liabilities (except those whose payment is otherwise adequately provided for) as they mature.

The primary source of capital for the Company’s payment of any dividend or its repurchase of stock is expected to be the Bank, through the Bank’s payment of dividends or management fees to the Company. During the year ended December 31, 2024, there were no dividends paid by the Bank to the Company. The Bank paid dividends to the Company of $2.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2023. The ability of the Bank to pay cash dividends or fees to the Company is limited by law and regulation, as described in “*Regulation of the Bank — Dividend Restrictions Applicable to the Bank,”* below.

### Regulation of the Bank

The Bank is a national banking association chartered under the National Bank Act. As a national bank, the Bank is subject to supervision and regulation by the OCC, the chartering authority for national banks. The deposit accounts of the Bank are insured by the FDIC to the maximum extent provided under federal law and the Bank is therefore subject to certain FDIC regulations as well. The OCC regularly examines the Bank’s operations and has the authority to approve or disapprove mergers, the establishment of branches and similar corporate actions. The OCC also has the power to bring enforcement actions prohibiting the continuance or development of unsafe or unsound banking practices or other violations of law as discussed above. The Bank is also subject to numerous state and federal statutes and regulations that affect the Bank, its business, activities, and operations.

Prompt Corrective Action. The federal banking regulators are required to take “prompt corrective action” with respect to capital-deficient institutions. For this purpose, federal banking regulations define five capital categories: “well-capitalized,” “adequately capitalized,” “undercapitalized,” “significantly undercapitalized” and “critically undercapitalized.” As of December 31, 2024, the Bank’s capital levels exceeded the minimum levels required to be considered “well-capitalized,” which means it had a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 6.5% or higher; a Tier I risk-based capital ratio of 8.0% or higher; a total risk-based capital ratio of 10.0% or higher; and a leverage ratio of 5.0% or higher. The following table sets forth the minimum regulatory capital levels for each category:

| Capital Category | Total Risk-Based Capital Ratio | Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital Ratio | Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) Capital Ratio | Leverage Ratio | Tangible Equity to Assets | Supplemental Leverage Ratio |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Well-Capitalized | 10% or greater | 8% or greater | 6.5% or greater | 5% or greater | n/a | n/a |
| Adequately Capitalized | 8% or greater | 6% or greater | 4.5% or greater | 4% or greater | n/a | 3% or greater |
| Undercapitalized | Less than 8% | Less than 6% | Less than 4.5% | Less than 4% | n/a | Less than 3% |
| Significantly Undercapitalized | Less than 6% | Less than 4% | Less than 3% | Less than 3% | n/a | n/a |
| Critically Undercapitalized | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | Less than 2% | n/a |

19

An institution’s capital category is determined solely for the purpose of applying prompt corrective action regulations, and the capital category may not constitute an accurate representation of the institution’s overall financial condition or prospects for other purposes. An institution may be downgraded to a capital category that is lower than indicated by its capital ratios if it is determined to be in an unsafe or unsound condition or if it receives an unsatisfactory examination rating with respect to certain matters. Failure to meet capital guidelines could subject a bank to a variety of enforcement remedies, including issuance of a capital directive, the termination of deposit insurance by the FDIC, a prohibition on accepting brokered deposits, and certain other restrictions on its business.

Federal banking regulators are required to take various mandatory supervisory actions and are authorized to take other discretionary actions with respect to institutions in the three undercapitalized categories: undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized, and critically undercapitalized. The severity of the action depends upon the capital category in which the institution is placed. As an institution’s capital decreases, the regulators’ enforcement powers become more severe.

In the event an institution becomes “undercapitalized,” it must submit a capital restoration plan. The federal banking regulators require that each company having control of the undercapitalized institution guarantees the subsidiary depository institution’s compliance with the capital restoration plan up to a certain specified amount. Any such guarantee from a depository institution’s holding company is entitled to a priority of payment in bankruptcy.

The bank regulators have greater power in situations where an institution becomes “significantly” or “critically” undercapitalized or fails to submit a capital restoration plan. In addition to requiring undercapitalized institutions to submit a capital restoration plan, bank regulations contain broad restrictions on certain activities of undercapitalized institutions including asset growth, acquisitions, branch establishment and expansion into new lines of business. With certain exceptions, an insured depository institution is prohibited from making capital distributions, including dividends, and is prohibited from paying management fees to control persons if the institution would be undercapitalized after any such distribution or payment.

A significantly undercapitalized institution is subject to mandated capital raising activities, restrictions on interest rates paid and transactions with affiliates, removal of management, and other restrictions. Generally, subject to a narrow exception, the banking regulator must appoint a receiver or conservator for an institution that is critically undercapitalized.

Banks with risk-based capital and leverage ratios below the required minimums may also be subject to certain administrative actions, including the termination of deposit insurance upon notice and hearing, or a temporary suspension of insurance without a hearing in the event the institution has no tangible capital.

Dividend Restrictions Applicable to the Bank. The primary source of funds for the Company is expected to be dividends paid by the Bank. OCC regulations impose various restrictions on the ability of a national bank to make capital distributions, including dividends, stock redemptions or repurchases, and certain other distributions. Generally, a national bank may make capital distributions during any calendar year equal to up to 100% of net income for the year-to-date plus retained net income for the two preceding years without prior OCC approval. However, the OCC may restrict dividends by an institution deemed to be in need of more than normal supervision. Dividends can also be restricted if the capital conservation buffer requirement is not met.

Acquisitions and Branching. The OCC must approve the Bank’s acquisition of other financial institutions and certain other acquisitions, such as the acquisition and assumption of the deposits of another depository institution. In September 2024, the OCC adopted a final rule and policy statement regarding its review of Bank Merger Act applications for OCC-supervised institutions, including the

Bank. The final rule eliminates a Bank Merger Act applicant’s ability to file a streamlined application form for certain types of acquisitions and removes the expedited review process for Bank Merger Act applications. The rules and policy statement identify general principles for the OCC’s review of applications under the Bank Merger Act, including indicators for applications likely consistent with approval and applications that raise supervisory or regulatory concerns, additional considerations regarding financial stability, managerial and financial resources, and convenience and needs statutory factors, and clarify the OCC’s decision process for extending the public comment period or holding a public meeting under the Bank Merger Act. The final rule and policy statement suggest that the OCC will give additional scrutiny to transactions subject to the Bank Merger Act.

Generally, the Bank may establish branches nationwide, but branching by acquisition may be restricted by applicable state law.

Lending Limits. The Bank’s ability to make aggregate loans-to-one-borrowing relationship is generally limited to 15% of unimpaired capital and surplus. If the loan is secured by readily marketable collateral, the limit is raised by 10%, bringing the total to 25% of unimpaired capital and surplus. Capital and surplus means Tier 1 and Tier 2 capital plus the amount of ACL not included in Tier 2 capital. We do not have loans in excess of our loans-to-one borrower limit.

FDIC Insurance Assessments. The Bank’s deposits are insured by the Deposit Insurance Fund of the FDIC up to the maximum amount permitted by law. As an FDIC insured financial institution, we are subject to deposit insurance assessments as determined by the FDIC.

Under the FDIC’s risk-based deposit premium assessment system, the assessment rates for an insured depository institution are determined by an assessment rate calculator, which is based on a number of elements that measure the risk each institution poses to the Deposit Insurance Fund. As a result of the Dodd-Frank Act, the calculated assessment rate is applied to average consolidated assets less the average tangible equity of the insured depository institution during the assessment period to determine the dollar amount of the quarterly assessment. Premiums are assessed quarterly and could increase if, for example, criticized loans and leases and/or other higher risk assets increase or balance sheet liquidity decreases. In addition, the FDIC can impose special assessments in certain instances.

On April 1, 2024, the FDIC adopted a final rule imposing a special assessment for the recovery of losses to the Deposit Insurance Fund stemming from the protection of uninsured depositors after the closures of Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank. The final rule exempts most Insured Depository Institutions that are part of a small banking organization from making payments under the special assessment. The special assessment will not apply to any banking organizations with total assets under $5 billion.

Concentrations in Commercial Real Estate Lending. The federal banking regulators have issued guidance to identify institutions that may be exposed to potential significant CRE lending risks and may therefore warrant greater supervisory scrutiny. The guidance includes the following numerical tests:

- total reported loans for construction, land development and other land represent 100% or more of the institution’s total risk-based capital, or
- total CRE loans represent 300% or more of the institution’s total risk-based capital, and the outstanding balance of the institution’s CRE loan portfolio has increased by 50% or more during the previous 36 months.

The guidance does not limit a bank’s levels of CRE lending activities, but rather guides institutions in developing risk management practices and levels of capital that are commensurate with the level and nature of their CRE concentrations. Banking regulators expect banks with concentrations of

CRE loans to maintain appropriate underwriting discipline, risk-management and capital commensurate with the level and nature of their CRE risks.

Community Reinvestment Act. The CRA requires that the federal banking agencies evaluate the record of each financial institution in meeting the credit needs of its local community, including low- and moderate-income neighborhoods. Federal banking agencies must consider an institution’s CRA compliance in approving mergers, acquisitions, and applications to open a branch. Failure to adequately meet these criteria could impose additional requirements and limitations on the Bank. Additionally, the Bank must publicly disclose the terms of various CRA-related agreements. The Bank received a “satisfactory” overall rating in its most recent CRA evaluation in 2024. This was comprised of an “outstanding” rating on Community Development, and “satisfactory” on lending, under the Intermediate Small Bank regulatory criteria.

On October 24, 2023, the federal regulatory agencies jointly issued a final rule to strengthen and modernize regulations implementing the CRA. On March 29, 2024, a federal district court in Texas granted a preliminary injunction barring implementation of the final rule in response to a lawsuit filed by several trade groups. We will continue to monitor the litigation until resolved. We have also begun efforts to evaluate the impact of the new rule and to develop a strategy to ensure compliance.

Anti-Money Laundering and Suspicious Activity. Several federal laws, including the Bank Secrecy Act, the Money Laundering Control Act and the Patriot Act require all financial institutions, including banks, to implement policies and procedures relating to anti-money laundering, compliance, suspicious activities, and currency transaction reporting and due diligence on clients. The Bank Secrecy Act requires financial institutions to develop and maintain a program reasonably designed to ensure and monitor compliance with its requirements, to train employees to comply with and to test the effectiveness of the program. Any failure to meet the requirements of the Bank Secrecy Act can result in the imposition of substantial penalties and in adverse regulatory action against the noncompliant bank. The Patriot Act also requires federal bank regulators to evaluate the effectiveness of an applicant in combating money laundering when determining whether to approve a proposed bank acquisition.

Transactions with Affiliates and Insiders. We are subject to the provisions of Regulation W promulgated by the Federal Reserve, which implements Sections 23A and 23B of the Federal Reserve Act. Regulation W places limits and conditions on the amount and terms of the Bank’s loans or extensions of credit to, investments in, or certain other transactions with the Company or any other affiliated entity. Regulation W also prohibits, among other things, a depository institution from engaging in certain transactions with certain affiliates unless the transactions are on terms substantially the same, or at least as favorable to such institution or its subsidiaries, as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with non-affiliated companies. Federal law also places restrictions on the Bank’s ability to extend credit to its executive officers, directors, principal shareholders and their related interests. These extensions of credit must be made on substantially the same terms, including interest rates and collateral, as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with unrelated third parties; and must not involve more than the normal risk of repayment or present other unfavorable features.

Data Privacy and Cybersecurity. The GLBA and the implementing regulations issued by federal regulatory agencies require financial institutions (including banks, insurance agencies, and broker-dealers) to adopt policies and procedures regarding the disclosure of nonpublic personal information about their customers to non-affiliated third parties. In general, financial institutions are required to explain to customers their policies and procedures regarding the disclosure of such nonpublic personal information and, unless otherwise required or permitted by law, financial institutions are prohibited from disclosing such information except as provided in their policies and procedures. The GLBA established certain information security guidelines that require each financial institution to maintain a comprehensive written information security program designed to ensure the security and confidentiality of customer information, to protect against anticipated threats or hazards to the security or integrity of such information, and to protect against unauthorized access to or use of such information that could result in substantial harm or inconvenience to any customer.

Recent cyber-attacks against banks and other financial institutions that resulted in unauthorized access to confidential customer information have prompted the federal banking regulators to issue extensive guidance on cybersecurity. Among other things, financial institutions are expected to design multiple layers of security controls to establish lines of defense and ensure that their risk management processes address the risks posed by compromised customer credentials, including security measures to authenticate customers accessing internet-based services. A financial institution is expected to have a robust business continuity program to recover from a cyberattack and procedures for monitoring the security of third-party service providers that may have access to nonpublic data at the institution.

Consumer Laws and Regulations. We are subject to consumer laws and regulations intended to protect consumers in transactions with depository institutions, as well as other laws or regulations affecting customers of financial institutions generally. These laws and regulations include, among others, the Truth in Lending Act, the Truth in Savings Act, the Electronic Funds Transfer Act, the Expedited Funds Availability Act, the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, the Fair Housing Act, the Real Estate Settlement and Procedures Act, the Fair Credit Reporting Act and the Federal Trade Commission Act, among others.

The Dodd-Frank Act centralized responsibility for federal consumer financial protection including implementing, examining and enforcing compliance with federal consumer financial laws with the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (the “CFPB”). Depository institutions with less than $10 billion in assets, such as the Bank, are subject to rules promulgated by the CFPB but are examined and supervised by federal banking regulators for consumer compliance purposes. The Dodd-Frank Act also gives state attorneys general the ability to enforce federal consumer protection laws.

### Effect of Environmental Laws and Regulation

Compliance with federal, state and local provisions regulating the discharge of materials into the environment, or otherwise relating to the protection of the environment, has not had a material effect upon our capital expenditures, earnings or competitive position. In the opinion of management, we do not have exposure to material costs associated with compliance with environmental laws and regulations or material expenditures related to environmental hazardous waste mitigation or cleanup. We believe our primary exposure to environmental risk is through the lending activities of the Bank. In cases where management believes environmental risk potentially exists at a property that the Bank intends to finance, the Bank mitigates its environmental risk exposure by requiring environmental site assessments at the time of loan origination. The environmental site assessment provides a detailed review of present and past uses of the subject property and adjacent sites to confirm any potential collateral contamination of commercial real estate parcels and identifies higher than normal potential for environmental impact to the specific real property collateral. If warranted, the site assessment will recommend a more detailed investigation. Environmental assessments are also typically required prior to any foreclosure activity involving nonresidential real estate collateral.

### Future Legislation and Regulation

Legislative acts are periodically introduced in both Congress and the California legislature. Regulators have increased their focus on the regulation of the financial services industry in recent years, leading in many cases to greater uncertainty and compliance costs for regulated entities. New proposals that could substantially intensify the regulation of the financial services industry have been and may be expected to continue to be introduced in the United States Congress, in state legislatures, and by applicable regulatory authorities. These proposals may change banking statutes and regulations and our operating environment in substantial and unpredictable ways. If enacted, these proposals could increase or decrease the cost of doing business, limit or expand permissible activities or affect the competitive balance among banks, savings associations, credit unions, and other financial institutions. The new presidential administration, along with numerous members of Congress, has advocated for reforms in financial services regulation. These reforms may include amendments to the Dodd-Frank Act, other federal banking laws, and structural changes to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB). We cannot predict whether any of these proposals will be enacted and, if enacted, the effect that these proposals, or any implementing regulations, would have on our business, consolidated financial condition and consolidated results of operations.

## Risk factors

As filed, 80,606 characters.

**Investing in our common stock involves a significant degree of risk. You should carefully consider the following risk factors which we have identified as being material to us, in addition to the other information contained in this annual report, including our consolidated financial statements and related notes, before deciding to invest in our common stock. Any of the following risks, as well as risks that we do not know or that we currently deem immaterial, could have a material adverse effect on our business, consolidated financial condition, consolidated results of operations and future prospects. As a result, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment.**

### Risk Factors Summary

This section summarizes some of the risks potentially affecting our business, consolidated financial condition, consolidated results of operations and future prospects. These risks and others are discussed in more detail further below in this section. You should consider this summary together with the more detailed information provided below.

### Economic, Market and Investment Risks

- We may be adversely affected by the lack of soundness of other financial institutions
- We face risk related to severe weather, natural disasters, acts of terrorism and global conflicts.
- We are particularly vulnerable to an economic downturn in California.
- We have a significant number of loans secured by real estate, and a downturn in the local real estate market could negatively impact our profitability.
- Changes in interest rates may affect net interest income and otherwise negatively impact our consolidated financial condition and consolidated results of operations.

### Risks Related to Lending and Credit

- We may not be able to measure and limit our credit risk adequately, which could lead to unexpected losses. Our allowance for credit losses may not be adequate to cover actual losses.
- Regulatory policies regarding commercial real estate loans could limit our ability to leverage our capital and limit our growth.
- We may suffer losses in our loan portfolio despite our underwriting practices.
- The small- to medium-sized businesses that we lend to may have fewer resources to weather adverse business developments, which may impair our borrowers’ ability to repay loans.
- In addition to general lending risks, we face particular risks related to our SBA, real estate, commercial real estate, construction, commercial and consumer lending.
- We have a significant number of loans secured by real estate, so we face risks related to a downturn in the real estate market and the impact of changes in interest rates on our real estate loans.
- We rely upon independent appraisals to determine the value of the real estate that secures a significant portion of our loans, and the values indicated by such appraisals may not be realizable if we are forced to foreclose upon such loans.

### Liquidity and Capital Risks

- A lack of liquidity, or an increase in the cost of liquidity could materially impair our ability to fund our operations and jeopardize our consolidated financial condition.
- We may need to raise additional capital, but additional capital may not be available.
- We rely on the dividends and return of capital from our Bank subsidiary.

### Strategic and Competitive Risks

- We face risks related to our growth, expansion and any acquisitions we may pursue.
- The anticipated benefits and cost savings of the Merger may not be realized.
- We may experience goodwill impairment.
- Our reputation is critical to the success of our business and our failure to maintain our reputation may materially adversely affect our performance.
- New lines of business, products, product enhancements or services may subject us to additional risk.
- Competition may limit our growth and profitability.

### Regulatory and Compliance Risks

- We operate in a highly regulated environment and the laws and regulations regarding capital requirements, anti-money laundering, information security and many other aspects of our business. Our failure to so comply could adversely affect us and our future growth.
- We are subject to laws regarding the privacy, information security and protection of personal information and any violation of these laws could damage our reputation or otherwise adversely affect our business.
- Our failure to comply with stringent capital requirements could result in regulatory criticism, requirements and restrictions.
- We face a risk of noncompliance and enforcement action with the Bank Secrecy Act and other anti-money laundering statutes and regulations.

### Technology Risks

- Our failure to keep up with the rapid technological changes in the financial services industry could have an adverse effect on our competitive position and profitability.
- We face risks related to network failures, cyberattacks and data security breaches, which could subject us to increased operating costs as well as litigation and other liabilities.
- Our use of artificial intelligence may result in reputational harm or liability, or could adversely affect our business.

### Operational Risks

- Our enterprise risk management framework may not be effective in mitigating risk, including those related to fraud or data processing errors.
- We are subject to certain operational risks, including, but not limited to, internal or external fraud and data processing system failures and errors.
- We depend on the use of data, modeling and estimates, yet the data, models and estimates we use may be inaccurate or incorrect.
- We may be subject to environmental liabilities in connection with the real properties we own and the foreclosure on real estate assets securing our loan portfolio.
- We may fail to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting.
- We rely on third-party service providers for key aspects of our operations.
- Climate change could have a material negative impact on us and our clients.
- Our consolidated financial statements are based in part on assumptions and estimates which, if incorrect, could cause unexpected losses in the future.

### Risks Related to an Investment in our Common Stock

- Our common stock currently has a limited trading market and is thinly traded, and a more liquid market for our common stock may not develop.
- As an emerging growth company and a smaller reporting company, we may take advantage of reduced regulatory and reporting requirements under the federal securities laws, which may make our common stock less attractive to investors.
- We may issue additional equity securities which may adversely affect existing holders of our common stock.
- Our common stock is not insured or guaranteed by the FDIC.

### Risk Factors

### ECONOMIC, MARKET AND INVESTMENT RISKS

### We may be adversely affected by the lack of soundness of other financial institutions

The recent failures of some depository institutions have raised concerns among depositors that their deposits may be at risk. While we believe the Bank is operated in a safe and sound manner, a market-wide loss of depositor confidence caused by the failures or the perceived unsoundness of other depository institutions could lead to deposit outflows at the Bank, potentially at levels that could require that we borrow funds or sell securities or other assets to address liquidity concerns, any of which could adversely affect our consolidated operating results, business prospects and capital.

Our ability to engage in routine funding transactions could be adversely affected by the actions and commercial soundness of other financial institutions. Financial services companies may be interrelated as a result of trading, clearing, counterparty, and other relationships. We have exposure to different industries and counterparties, and through transactions with counterparties in the financial services industry, including broker-dealers, commercial banks, investment banks, and other financial intermediaries. As a result, defaults by, declines in the financial condition of, or even rumors or questions about, one or more financial services companies, or the financial services industry generally, could lead to market-wide liquidity problems and losses or defaults by us or other institutions. These losses could have an adverse effect on our business, consolidated financial condition and consolidated results of operations.

***We face risks related to severe weather, natural disasters, global climate change, acts of terrorism and global conflicts.***

Pandemics, natural disasters, global climate change, acts of terrorism, global conflicts including the Russia-Ukraine War, the Israel-Hamas War, or other similar events have in the past, and may in the future have, a negative impact on our business and operations. Our business and most of the collateral securing our loans are concentrated in California, which is prone to earthquakes, fires, mudslides, drought, flooding and other natural disasters, including the January 2025 Los Angeles county wildfires. These events impact us negatively to the extent that they result in reduced capital markets activity, lower asset price levels, destruction of residential and commercial properties, or disruptions in general economic activity in the United States or abroad, or in financial market settlement functions. Disruptions to our clients could result in increased risk of delinquencies, defaults, foreclosures and losses on our loans.

***Our business is concentrated in California and we are particularly vulnerable to an economic downturn in our primary market area.***

We primarily serve businesses, organizations and individuals located in California. As a result, we are exposed to risks associated with lack of geographic diversification. An economic downturn or decrease in property values in California, adverse changes in laws or regulations in California could impact the credit quality of our assets, the businesses of our customers and the ability to expand our business. Our success significantly depends upon the growth in population, income levels, commerce, deposits and housing in our market area. If the communities in which we operate do not grow or if prevailing economic conditions locally or nationally are unfavorable, our business may be negatively affected.

The trade policies and potential tariff initiatives being pursued by the U.S. government under the administration of President Trump may present risks to our borrowers and the markets within which we operate, particularly with respect to the threatened imposition of additional tariffs on certain products imported from countries such as Mexico, Canada, China, which are significant international trading partners for the California economy. The imposition of tariffs on imports, the potential for retaliatory tariffs by foreign governments, or other similar restrictions on international trade could increase costs for manufacturers and resellers, reduce demand for U.S. exports and disrupt supply chains. Prolonged trade tensions or the implementation of tariffs could negatively impact the broader economic environment, potentially leading to reduced consumer spending, lower economic growth, and decreased demand for other banking products and services. As a result, our financial performance, including credit quality and loan growth, could be adversely affected by these policy changes.

***We have a significant number of loans secured by real estate, and a downturn in the local real estate market could negatively impact our profitability.***

The market value of the real estate securing loans as collateral could be adversely affected by unfavorable changes in market and economic conditions. Adverse developments affecting commerce or real estate values in the local economies in our primary market areas could increase the credit risk associated with our loan portfolio and have an adverse impact on our revenues and consolidated financial condition. Declines in the real estate market could hurt our business because if real estate values were to decline, the collateral for our loans would provide less security. As a result, our ability to recover on defaulted loans by selling the underlying real estate would be diminished, and we would be more likely to suffer losses on defaulted loans.

***Interest rate shifts may affect net interest income and otherwise negatively impact our consolidated financial condition and consolidated results of operations.***

The majority of our banking assets are monetary in nature and subject to risk from changes in interest rates. Like most banks, our earnings and cash flows depend to a great extent upon the level of our net interest income, or the difference between the interest income we earn on loans, investments and other interest-earning assets, and the interest we pay on interest-bearing liabilities, such as deposits and borrowings. Changes in interest rates can increase or decrease our net interest income, because different types of assets and liabilities may react differently, and at different times, to market interest rate changes.

When interest-bearing liabilities mature or reprice more quickly, or to a greater degree than interest-earning assets in a period, an increase in interest rates could reduce net interest income. Similarly, when interest-earning assets mature or reprice more quickly, or to a greater degree than interest-bearing liabilities, falling interest rates could reduce net interest income. An increase in interest rates may, among other things, reduce the demand for loans and our ability to originate loans and decrease loan repayment rates. Conversely, a decrease in the general level of interest rates may affect us through, among other things, increased prepayments on our loan portfolio and increased competition for deposits. Accordingly, changes in the level of market interest rates affect our net yield on interest-earning assets, loan origination volume and our overall results of operations. Although our asset-liability management strategy is designed to control and mitigate exposure to the risks related to changes in market interest rates, those rates are affected by many factors outside of our control, including governmental monetary policies, inflation, deflation, recession, changes in unemployment, the money supply, international disorder and instability in domestic and foreign financial markets.

We expect that we will periodically experience “gaps” in the interest rate sensitivities of our assets and liabilities, meaning that either our interest-bearing liabilities will be more sensitive to changes in market interest rates than our interest earning assets, or vice versa. In either case, if market interest

rates should move contrary to our position, this gap will negatively impact our earnings. The impact on earnings is more adverse when the slope of the yield curve flattens; that is, when short-term interest rates increase more than long-term interest rates or when long-term interest rates decrease more than short-term interest rates.

Changes to prevailing interest rates could, among other things, (1) affect our ability to originate loans at competitive rates or reduce the demand for loans, which could limit our loan growth, (2) increase loans costs for existing borrowers with variable rate loans, potentially impacting credit quality, (3) make it more difficult or costly for us to obtain and retain deposits, which could reduce our net interest margin or our liquidity, (4) reduce the fair value of our financial assets and liabilities, which could result in losses or (5) change the average duration of our loan portfolios and other interest-earning assets. A prolonged period of extremely volatile and unstable market conditions could increase our funding costs and negatively affect market risk mitigation strategies. Any steps we may take to mitigate these risks could impact our growth, credit quality and overall profitability.

### RISKS RELATED TO LENDING AND CREDIT

***Our loan portfolio exposes us to credit risk, but we may not be able to measure and limit our credit risk adequately, which could lead to unexpected losses.***

The primary component of our business involves making loans to our clients. The business of lending is inherently risky, including risks that the principal or interest on any loan will not be repaid in a timely manner or at all or that the value of any collateral supporting the loan will be insufficient to cover losses in the event of a default. Our risk management practices, such as managing the concentration of our loans within specific industries, loan types and geographic areas, and our credit approval practices may not adequately reduce credit risk. Further, our credit administration personnel, policies and procedures may not adequately adapt to changes in economic or any other conditions affecting clients and the quality of the loan portfolio. A failure to effectively measure and manage the credit risk, including non-performing assets, associated with our loan portfolio could lead to unexpected losses and have an adverse effect on our business, consolidated financial condition and consolidated results of operations.

### Our allowance for credit losses may not be adequate to cover actual losses.

We maintain an allowance for credit losses (“ACL”), which is established to absorb future expected credit losses. We have a proactive program to monitor credit quality and to identify loans that may become non-performing; however, at any time there could be loans in the portfolio that may result in losses, but that have not been identified as non-performing or potential problem credits. We may be unable to identify all deteriorating credits prior to them becoming non-performing assets, or to limit losses on those loans that are identified. With respect to real estate loans and property taken in satisfaction of such loans (“other real estate owned” or “OREO”), we can be required to recognize significant declines in the value of the underlying real estate collateral quite suddenly as values are updated through appraisals and evaluations (new or updated) performed in the normal course of monitoring the credit quality of the loans. We monitor the adequacy of our ACL and may need to increase it if, for example, economic conditions deteriorate, property values decrease or expected credit losses otherwise increase. The OCC reviews our ACL as an integral part of its examination process and may require that we increase it based on their judgment, which may be different than ours. Additional provision to increase the ACL, should they become necessary, would decrease our net income and reduce our capital.

Effective January 1, 2023, we adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, Accounting Standards Update 2016-13, “Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,” commonly referred to as the “Current Expected Credit Losses” standard, or “CECL.” CECL changes the ACL methodology from an incurred loss concept to an expected loss concept, which is more dependent on future economic forecasts, assumptions and models than previous accounting standards and could result in increases in, and add volatility to, our ACL and future provisions for credit losses. These forecasts, assumptions, and models are inherently uncertain and are based upon management’s reasonable judgment in light of information currently available. Our ACL may not be adequate to absorb actual credit losses, and future provisions for credit losses could materially and adversely affect our operating results. We adopted the provisions of ASC 326 through the application of the modified retrospective transition approach, and recorded a net decrease of approximately $3.9 million to the beginning balance of retained earnings as of January 1, 2023 for the cumulative effect adjustment, reflecting an initial adjustment to the allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) of $5.5 million, net of related deferred tax assets arising from temporary differences of $1.6 million, commonly referred to as the “Day 1” adjustment. The Day 1 adjustment to the ACL is reflective of expected lifetime credit losses associated with the composition of financial assets within the scope of ASC 326 as of January 1, 2023, which is comprised of loans held for investment and off-balance sheet credit exposures at January 1, 2023, as well as management’s current expectation of future economic conditions.

***Regulatory policies regarding loans secured by commercial real estate could limit our ability to leverage our capital and adversely affect our growth and profitability.***

The federal banking agencies have issued guidance regarding concentrations in CRE lending for institutions that are deemed to have particularly high concentrations of CRE loans within their lending portfolios. Under this guidance, an institution that has (i) total reported loans for construction, land development, and other land which represent 100% or more of the institution’s total risk-based capital; or

(ii) total CRE representing 300% or more of the institution’s total risk-based capital, where the outstanding balance of the institution’s CRE loan portfolio has increased 50% or more during the prior 36 months, is identified as having potential CRE concentration risk. An institution that is deemed to have concentrations in CRE lending is expected to employ heightened levels of risk management with respect to its CRE portfolios, and may be required to maintain higher levels of capital.

As of December 31, 2024, our CRE loans for purposes of this guidance represented 459.0% of our total risk-based capital. As of December 31, 2024, total loans secured by CRE under construction and land development represented 45.5% of our total risk-based capital. As a result, the OCC, which is the Bank’s federal banking regulator, could view the Bank as having a high concentration of CRE loans under this guidance.

Although we actively work to manage our CRE concentration and believe that our underwriting policies, management information systems, independent credit administration process, and monitoring of real estate loan concentrations are appropriate to address our CRE concentration, we face heightened regulatory scrutiny as a result of our CRE loan concentrations. The OCC or other federal regulators could become concerned about our CRE loan concentrations and we cannot guarantee that any risk management practices we implement will be effective to prevent losses relating to our CRE portfolio. Further, we could be required to maintain higher levels of capital as a result of our CRE concentration, which could limit our growth, require us to obtain additional capital, and have an adverse effect on our business, consolidated financial condition and consolidated results of operations.

### We may suffer losses in our loan portfolio despite our underwriting practices.

We mitigate the risks inherent in our loan portfolio by adhering to sound and proven underwriting practices, managed by experienced and knowledgeable credit professionals. These practices include analysis of a borrower’s prior credit history, financial statements, tax returns, cash flow projections, valuations of collateral based on reports of independent appraisers, and verifications of liquid assets. Although we believe that our underwriting criteria is appropriate for the various kinds of loans we make, we may incur losses on loans that meet our underwriting criteria, and these losses may exceed the amounts set aside as reserves in our ACL.

***We rely upon independent appraisals to determine the value of the real estate that secures a significant portion of our loans, and the values indicated by such appraisals may not be realizable if we are forced to foreclose upon such loans.***

A significant portion of our loan portfolio consists of loans secured by real estate. We rely upon independent appraisers at the time of origination to estimate the value of such real estate. Appraisals are only estimates of value, and the soundness of those estimates may be affected by volatility in the real estate market or other changes in market conditions. In addition, the independent appraisers may make mistakes of fact or judgment, which adversely affect the reliability of their appraisals. In addition, events occurring after the initial appraisal may cause the value of the real estate to increase or decrease. For example, since 2020 and in light of the prevalence of hybrid work arrangements and associated lower occupancy rates, the value of commercial real estate secured by office properties has generally declined. As a result of these factors, the real estate securing some of our loans is less valuable than anticipated at the time the loans were made. If a default occurs on a loan secured by real estate that is less valuable than originally estimated, we may not be able to recover the outstanding balance of the loan and will suffer a loss.

***The small- to medium-sized businesses that we lend to may have fewer resources to weather adverse business developments, which may impair our borrowers’ ability to repay loans.***

We target our business development and marketing strategy to serve the banking and financial services needs of our community, including small- to medium-sized businesses and real estate owners. These small- to medium-sized businesses frequently have smaller market share than their competition, may be more vulnerable to economic downturns, often need substantial additional capital to expand or compete and may experience significant volatility in operating results. Any one or more of these factors may impair the borrower’s ability to repay a loan. In addition, the success of a small- to medium-sized business often depends on the management talents and efforts of one or two persons or a small group of persons, and the death, disability or resignation of one or more of these persons could have a material adverse impact on the business and its ability to repay a loan. Economic downturns and other events that negatively impact our market areas could cause us to incur substantial credit losses that could negatively affect our consolidated financial condition and consolidated results of operations.

***Construction and land development loans are based upon estimates of costs and values associated with the completed project. These estimates may be inaccurate, and we may be exposed to significant losses on loans for these projects.***

At December 31, 2024, our construction and land development loans totaled $222.0 million, or 7.1% of our loans held for investment portfolio, excluding SBA loans. These loans involve additional risks because funds are advanced upon the security of the project, which is of uncertain value prior to its completion, and costs may exceed realizable values in declining real estate markets. Because of the uncertainties inherent in estimating construction costs and the realizable market value of the completed project and the effects of governmental regulation of real property, it is relatively difficult to accurately evaluate the total funds required to complete a project and the related loan-to-value ratio. A downturn in the commercial real estate market could increase delinquencies, defaults and foreclosures, and significantly impair the value of our collateral and our ability to sell the collateral upon foreclosure. In addition, this type of lending also typically involves higher loan principal amounts. Some of the builders we deal with have more than one loan outstanding with us. Consequently, an adverse development with respect to one loan or one credit relationship can expose us to a significantly greater risk of loss. In addition, during the term of some of our construction loans, no payment from the borrower is required since the accumulated interest is added to the principal of the loan through an interest reserve. As a result, construction loans often involve the disbursement of substantial funds with repayment dependent, in part, on the success of the ultimate project and the ability of the borrower to sell or lease the property, rather than the ability of the borrower or guarantor to repay principal and interest. Higher than anticipated development costs may cause actual results to vary significantly from those estimated. If our appraisal of the value of the completed project proves to be overstated, or market values or rental rates decline, we may have inadequate security for the repayment of the loan upon completion of construction of the project. In addition, construction loans involve additional cost as a result of the need to actively monitor the building process, including cost comparisons and on-site inspections.

Properties under construction are often difficult to sell and typically must be completed in order to be successfully sold, which complicates the process of working with our problem construction loans. If we are forced to foreclose on a project prior to or at completion due to a default, we may not be able to recover all of the unpaid balance of, and accrued interest on, the loan as well as related foreclosure and holding costs. In addition, we may be required to fund additional amounts to complete the project and may have to hold the property for an unspecified period of time while we attempt to dispose of it. Further, in the case of speculative construction loans, there is the added risk associated with the borrower obtaining a take-out commitment for a permanent loan. Loans on land under development or held for future construction also pose additional risk because of the lack of income production by the property and the potential illiquid nature of the collateral.

For all of these reasons and uncertainties, construction and land development loans may represent greater risks than other types of loans.

***SBA lending is an important part of our business. Our SBA lending program is dependent upon the U.S. federal government, and we face specific risks associated with originating SBA loans.***

Our SBA lending program is dependent upon the U.S. federal government. We are designated by the SBA as a Preferred Lender. As an SBA Preferred Lender, we are able to offer SBA loans to our customers without the potentially lengthy SBA approval process for application, servicing or liquidation actions required for lenders that are not SBA Preferred Lenders. The SBA periodically reviews the lending operations of participating lenders to assess, among other things, whether the lender exhibits prudent risk management. When weaknesses are identified, the SBA may request corrective actions or impose enforcement actions, including the potential loss of the SBA Preferred Lender designation. If we lose our status as an SBA Preferred Lender, we may lose some or all of our SBA loan customers to lenders who are SBA Preferred Lenders, and as a result we could experience a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial results.

Any changes to the SBA program, including but not limited to changes to the level of guarantee provided by the federal government on SBA loans, changes to program specific rules impacting volume eligibility under the guaranty program, as well as changes to the program amounts authorized by Congress or funding for the SBA program may also have a material adverse effect on our business. In addition, any default by the U.S. government on its obligations or any prolonged government shutdown could, among other things, impede our ability to originate SBA loans or sell such loans in the secondary market, which could materially and adversely affect our business, consolidated financial condition and consolidated results of operations.

The SBA’s 7(a) Loan Program is the SBA’s primary program for helping small businesses, with financing guaranteed for a variety of general business purposes. Typically, we sell the guaranteed portion of our SBA 7(a) loans in the secondary market. These sales result in premium income for us at the time of sale and create a stream of future servicing income, as we retain the servicing rights to these loans. For the reasons described above, we may not be able to continue originating these loans or selling them in the secondary market. Furthermore, even if we are able to continue to originate and sell SBA 7(a) loans in the secondary market, we might not continue to realize premiums upon the sale of the guaranteed portion of these loans or the premiums may decline due to economic and competitive factors. When we originate SBA 7(a) loans, we incur credit risk on the non-guaranteed portion of the loans, and if a customer defaults on a loan, we share any loss and recovery related to the loan pro-rata with the SBA. If the SBA establishes that a loss on an SBA guaranteed loan is attributable to significant technical deficiencies in the manner in which the loan was originated, funded or serviced by us, the SBA may seek recovery of the principal loss related to the deficiency from us. Generally, we do not maintain reserves or loss allowances for such potential claims and any such claims could materially and adversely affect our business, consolidated financial condition or consolidated results of operations.

As of December 31, 2024, we had $189.4 million of SBA loans, or 6.1% of total loans held for investment. The laws, regulations and standard operating procedures that are applicable to SBA loan products may change in the future. We cannot predict the effects of these changes on our business and profitability. Because government regulation greatly affects the business and financial results of all commercial banks and bank holding companies and especially our organization, changes in the laws, regulations and procedures applicable to SBA loans could adversely affect our ability to operate profitably.

### LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RISKS

***Liquidity, primarily through deposits, is essential to our business. A lack of liquidity, or an increase in the cost of liquidity could materially impair our ability to fund our operations and jeopardize our consolidated financial condition, consolidated results of operation and cash flows.***

Liquidity represents an institution’s ability to provide funds to satisfy demands from depositors, borrowers and other creditors by either converting assets into cash or accessing new or existing sources of incremental funds. Liquidity risk arises from the possibility that we may be unable to satisfy current or future funding requirements and needs.

Liquidity is essential for the operation of our business. Market conditions, unforeseen outflows of funds or other events could have a negative effect on our level or cost of funding, affecting our ongoing ability to accommodate liability maturities and deposit withdrawals, meet contractual obligations, and fund new business transactions at a reasonable cost and in a timely manner. If our access to stable and low-cost sources of funding, such as client deposits, is reduced, we may need to use alternative funding, which could be more expensive or of limited availability. Any substantial, unexpected or prolonged changes in the level or cost of liquidity could affect our business adversely.

Deposit levels may be affected by several factors, including rates paid by competitors, general interest rate levels, returns available to customers on alternative investments, customers seeking to maximize deposit insurance by limiting their deposits at a single financial institution to $250,000, general economic and market conditions and other factors. Loan repayments are a relatively stable source of funds but are subject to the borrowers’ ability to repay loans, which can be adversely affected by a number of factors including changes in general economic conditions, adverse trends or events affecting business industry groups or specific businesses, declines in real estate values or markets, business closings or lay-offs, inclement weather, natural disasters and other factors.

Furthermore, loans generally are not readily convertible to cash. From time to time, if our ability to raise funds through deposits, borrowings, the sale of investment securities and other sources are not sufficient to meet our liquidity needs, we may be required to rely on alternative funding sources of liquidity to meet growth in loans, deposit withdrawal demands or otherwise fund operations. Such alternative funding sources include FHLB advances, Federal Reserve borrowings, brokered deposits, unsecured federal funds lines of credit from correspondent banks and/or accessing the equity or debt capital markets. The availability of these alternative funding sources is subject to broad economic conditions, to regulation and to investor assessment of our financial strength and, as such, the cost of funds may fluctuate significantly and/or the availability of such funds may be restricted, thus impacting our net interest income, our immediate liquidity and/or our access to additional liquidity. Additionally, if we fail to remain “ well-capitalized” our ability to utilize brokered deposits may be restricted. We have somewhat similar risks to the extent high balance core deposits exceed the amount of deposit insurance coverage available.

We anticipate we will continue to rely primarily on deposits, loan repayments, and cash flows from our investment securities to provide liquidity. Additionally, when necessary, the alternative funding sources of borrowed funds described above will be used to augment our primary funding sources. An inability to maintain or raise funds (including the inability to access alternative funding sources) in amounts necessary to meet our liquidity needs would have a substantial negative effect, individually or collectively, on our liquidity. Our access to funding sources in amounts adequate to finance our activities, or on terms attractive to us, could be impaired by factors that affect us specifically or the financial services industry in general. For example, factors that could detrimentally impact our access to liquidity sources include our consolidated financial results, a decrease in the level of our business activity due to a market downturn or adverse regulatory action against us, a reduction in our credit rating, any damage to our reputation, counterparty availability, changes in the activities of our business partners, changes affecting our loan portfolio or other assets, or any other event that could cause a decrease in depositor or investor confidence in our creditworthiness and business. Those factors may lead to depositors withdrawing their deposits or creditors limiting our borrowings. Our access to liquidity could also be impaired by factors that are not specific to us, such as general business conditions, interest rate fluctuations, severe volatility or disruption of the financial markets, bank closures or negative views and expectations about the prospects for the financial services industry as a whole, or legal, regulatory, accounting, and tax environments governing our funding transactions. In addition, our ability to raise funds is strongly affected by the general state of the U.S. and world economies and financial markets as well as the policies and capabilities of the U.S. government and its agencies, and may remain or become increasingly difficult due to economic and other factors beyond our control. Any such event or failure to manage our liquidity effectively could affect our competitive position, increase our borrowing costs and the interest rates we pay on deposits, limit our access to the capital markets and have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition and consolidated results of operations.

***We may need to raise additional capital, but additional capital may not be available.***

We may need to raise additional capital, in the future, to support our growth, strategic objectives or to meet regulatory or other internal requirements. Our ability to access the capital markets, if needed, will depend on a number of factors, including our consolidated financial condition, our business prospectus and the state of the financial markets. If capital is not available on favorable terms when we need it, we may have to either issue common stock or other securities on less than desirable terms or curtail our growth until market conditions become more favorable. Any diminished ability to raise additional capital, if needed, could restrict our ability to grow, require us to take actions that would affect our earnings negatively or otherwise affect our business and our ability to implement our business plan, capital plan and strategic goals adversely. Such events could have a material adverse effect on our business, consolidated financial condition and consolidated results of operations.

***We rely on the dividends and return of capital we receive from our bank subsidiary.***

The Company is a separate and distinct legal entity from the Bank. As a holding company with no significant assets other than the Bank, the Company depends on dividends from the Bank to fund operating expenses, service debt and pay taxes. While the Company has not historically paid dividends or repurchased shares, its ability to do so would depend in large part upon the receipt of dividends or other capital distributions from the Bank. The ability of the Bank to pay dividends or make other capital distributions is subject to the restrictions of the National Bank Act. In addition, it is possible, depending upon the financial condition of the Bank and other factors, that the OCC could assert that payment of dividends or other payments is an unsafe or unsound practice. The amount that the Bank may pay in dividends is further restricted due to the fact that the Bank must maintain a certain minimum amount of capital to be considered a “well capitalized” institution as well as a separate capital conservation buffer. See “*Supervision and Regulation - Capital Adequacy.”* Details regarding the Bank’s actual capital amounts and ratios and the amount of required capital are included in Note 16 — Regulatory Matters of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this annual report.

In the event the Bank is unable to pay dividends to the Company, the Company could have difficulty meeting its other financial obligations and may need to seek other forms of liquidity, such as the sale of stock or indebtedness. The inability of the Bank to pay dividends to the Company could have a material adverse effect on our business, including the market price of our common stock.

### STRATEGIC AND COMPETITIVE RISKS

***Our growth, expansion and any acquisitions we may pursue may strain our ability to manage our operations and financial resources.***

As part of our growth strategy, we intend to pursue prudent and commercially attractive acquisitions that will position us to capitalize on market opportunities. Over the last three years, we have grown rapidly through both organic growth and acquisitions.

Acquiring other banks or branches involves risks commonly associated with acquisitions including, among other things, the risk of incurring substantial expenses in pursuing potential acquisitions without completing such acquisitions, the risk that acquisition activity may divert our management’s attention from other aspects of our business, the difficulty in estimating the value of a target company, and the risk that an acquired business may not perform in accordance with our expectations. Our failure to manage acquisitions and other significant transactions successfully may have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition and consolidated results of operations, and cash flows.

***Combining the Company and CALB may be more costly than expected and the anticipated benefits and cost savings of the merger may not be realized.***

Our future results of operations will depend in large part on our ability to successfully integrate the operations of CALB with our own and retain our and CALB’s customers. If we are unable to successfully manage the integration of the separate cultures, customer bases and operating systems of the acquired institutions, our consolidated results of operations may be adversely affected. Further, the success of the Merger will continue to depend, in part, on our ability to realize the anticipated cost savings from combining our businesses and with that of CALB. To realize the anticipated benefits and cost savings, we must continue to combine both businesses in a manner that permits growth opportunities and does not materially disrupt the existing customer relations nor result in decreased revenues due to loss of customers. In addition, the actual cost savings could be less than anticipated.

### We may experience goodwill impairment.

Goodwill is initially recorded at fair value and is not amortized but is reviewed at least annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be fully recoverable. If our estimates of goodwill fair value change, we may determine that impairment charges are necessary. The determination of whether impairment has occurred, takes into consideration a number of factors including, but not limited to, operating results, business plans, economic projections, anticipated future cash flows, and current market data. Our goodwill was not considered impaired as of December 31, 2024 and 2023; however, no assurance can be given that we will not record an impairment loss on goodwill in the future and any such impairment loss could have a material adverse effect on our business, consolidated financial condition, and our consolidated results of operations. Furthermore, even though goodwill is a non-cash item, significant impairment of goodwill could subject us to regulatory limitations, including the ability to pay dividends on our common stock.

***Our reputation is critical to the success of our business and our failure to maintain our reputation may materially adversely affect our performance.***

Our reputation is one of the most valuable assets of our business. A key component of our business strategy is to rely on our reputation for customer service and knowledge of local markets to expand our presence by capturing new business opportunities from existing and prospective customers in our market area and contiguous areas. As such, if our reputation is negatively affected, by the actions of our employees or otherwise, our business and, therefore, our consolidated results of operations may be materially adversely affected.

***New lines of business, products, product enhancements or services may subject us to additional risk.***

From time to time, we may implement new lines of business, or offer new products and product enhancements as well as new services within our existing lines of business. In developing, implementing or marketing new lines of business, products, product enhancements or services, we may invest significant time and resources, yet our new products or product enhancements may not be successful or may require more resources or expertise than we anticipated. We may also face factors, such as regulatory compliance, competitive alternatives and shifting market preferences, any of which may impact the success of a new line of business or offerings of new products, product enhancements or services. Failure to successfully manage these risks in the development and implementation of new lines of business or offerings of new products, product enhancements or services could have a material adverse effect on our business, consolidated financial condition and consolidated results of operations.

### Competition may limit our growth and profitability.

Competition in the banking and financial services industry is intense. We compete with commercial banks, credit unions, mortgage banking firms, finance companies, non-bank lenders including “fintech” lenders, securities brokerage firms, insurance companies, money market funds and other mutual funds, as well as regional and national financial institutions that operate offices in our market areas and elsewhere. Many of these competitors have substantially greater name recognition, resources and lending limits than we do and may offer certain services or prices for services that we do not or cannot provide. Our profitability depends upon our continued ability to successfully compete in our markets.

### KEY PERSONNEL RISKS

***We rely heavily on our executive management team and other key personnel for our successful operation, and we could be adversely affected by the unexpected loss of their services.***

Our success depends in large part on the performance of our key personnel that have substantial experience and tenure with us and in the markets that we serve. Our continued success and growth depend in large part on the efforts of these key personnel and ability to attract, motivate and retain highly qualified senior and middle management and other skilled employees to complement and succeed to our core senior management team.

***If we are not able to attract, retain and motivate key personnel, our business could be negatively affected.***

Our future success depends in large part on our ability to retain and motivate our existing employees and attract new employees. Competition for the best employees can be intense. If we are not able to attract, retain and motivate key personnel, both in business line and corporate functions, it could have a material adverse impact on our growth, consolidated results of operations and consolidated financial condition.

### REGULATORY AND COMPLIANCE RISKS

***We operate in a highly regulated environment and the laws and regulations that govern our operations, corporate governance, executive compensation and accounting principles, or changes in them, or our failure to comply with them, could adversely affect us and our future growth.***

Bank holding companies and banks are highly regulated under federal and state law. As such, we are subject to extensive regulation, supervision and legal requirements from government agencies such as the Federal Reserve, the OCC and the FDIC, which govern almost all aspects of our operations. Compliance with laws and regulations can be difficult and costly, and changes to laws and regulations often impose additional operating costs. Our failure to comply with these laws and regulations, could subject us to restrictions on our business activities, enforcement actions and fines and other penalties, any of which could adversely affect our results of operations, regulatory capital levels and the price of our common stock.

As part of the bank regulatory process, the OCC and the Federal Reserve periodically conduct examinations of our businesses, including compliance with laws and regulations. If, as a result of an examination, either of these banking agencies were to determine that our financial condition, capital adequacy, asset quality, earnings prospects, management capability, liquidity, asset sensitivity to market risks, asset management, risk management or other aspects of any of our operations have become unsatisfactory, or that we or our management were in violation of any law or regulation, our regulators may take a number of different remedial actions as they deem appropriate. These actions include the power to enjoin “unsafe or unsound” practices, to require affirmative actions to correct any conditions resulting from any violation or practice, to issue an administrative order that can be judicially enforced, to direct an increase in our capital levels, to pay additional deposit insurance premiums, to restrict our growth, to assess civil monetary penalties against us, our officers or directors, to remove our officers and directors and, if it is concluded that such conditions cannot be corrected or there is an imminent risk of loss to depositors, terminate our deposit insurance and our charter to operate. If we become subject to such regulatory actions, our business, consolidated financial condition and consolidated results of operations, and reputation could be adversely affected.

***We are subject to laws regarding the privacy, information security and protection of personal information and any violation of these laws could damage our reputation or otherwise adversely affect our business.***

Our business requires the collection and retention of volumes of customer data in various information systems that we maintain and in those maintained by third party service providers. We are subject to complex and evolving laws and regulations regarding privacy and data protection including the GLBA and the California Consumer Privacy Act. If personal, confidential or proprietary information of customers or others were to be mishandled or misused (in situations where, for example, such information was erroneously provided to parties who are not permitted to have the information or where such information was intercepted or otherwise compromised by third parties), we could be exposed to litigation or regulatory sanctions under privacy and data protection laws. Concerns regarding the effectiveness of our measures to safeguard data could cause us to lose customers or potential customers and reduce our revenue. Accordingly, any failure, or perceived failure, to comply with applicable privacy or data protection laws may subject us to inquiries, examinations and investigations that could result in requirements to modify or cease certain operations or practices or result in significant liabilities, fines or penalties, and could damage our reputation and otherwise adversely affect our operations, consolidated financial condition and consolidated results of operations.

***Our failure to comply with stringent capital requirements could result in regulatory criticism, requirements and restrictions.***

We are subject to capital adequacy guidelines and other regulatory requirements specifying minimum amounts and types of capital which we must maintain. Our failure to meet applicable regulatory capital requirements could result in one or more of our regulators placing limitations or conditions on our activities, including our growth initiatives, or restricting the commencement of new activities, and could affect client and investor confidence, our costs of funds and FDIC insurance costs, our ability to pay dividends, our ability to make acquisitions, and our business, consolidated financial condition and consolidated results of operations. These limitations establish a maximum percentage of eligible retained income that could be utilized for these actions. See “*Supervision and Regulation - Capital Requirements.”* Details regarding the Bank’s actual capital amounts and ratios and the amount of required capital are included in Note 16 — *Regulatory Matters* of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 in this annual report.

***We face a risk of noncompliance and enforcement action with the Bank Secrecy Act and other anti-money laundering statutes and regulations.***

The Bank Secrecy Act, the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (the “USA Patriot Act”), and other laws and regulations require financial institutions to institute and maintain an effective anti-money laundering program and file suspicious activity and currency transaction reports. There is also increased scrutiny of compliance with the sanctions programs and rules administered and enforced by the Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control.

To comply with laws and guidelines in this area, we have dedicated significant resources to our anti-money laundering program. If our policies, procedures and systems are deemed deficient, we could be required to dedicate additional resources to our anti-money laundering program and could be subject to liabilities, including fines, and regulatory enforcement actions restricting our growth and restrictions on future acquisitions and de novo branching.

### TECHNOLOGY RISKS

***Failure to keep up with the rapid technological changes in the financial services industry could have an adverse effect on our competitive position and profitability.***

The financial services industry is undergoing rapid technological changes, with frequent introductions of new technology-driven products and services, including the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning to interact with customers and review to review and analyze data. The effective use of technology increases efficiency and enables financial institutions to better serve customers and reduce costs. Our future success will depend, in part, upon our ability to address the needs of our customers by using technology to provide products and services that will satisfy customer demands for convenience, as well as to create additional efficiencies in our operations. Many of our competitors have substantially greater resources to invest in technological improvements than we have. As a result, competitors may be able to offer additional or superior products compared to those that we will be able to provide, which would put us at a competitive disadvantage. We may not be able to implement new technology-driven products and services effectively or be successful in marketing these products and services to our customers. Failure to keep pace successfully with technological change affecting the financial services industry could harm our ability to compete effectively and could have an adverse effect on our business, growth and consolidated results of operations.

***System failure or breaches of our network security, including as a result of cyber-attacks or data security breaches, could subject us to increased operating costs as well as litigation and other liabilities.***

The computer systems and network infrastructure we use may be vulnerable to physical theft, fire, power loss, telecommunications failure or a similar catastrophic event, as well as security breaches, denial of service attacks, viruses, worms and other disruptive problems caused by hackers. Further, our remediation efforts in response to these events may not be successful. Any damage or failure that causes breakdowns or disruptions in our customer relationship management, general ledger, deposit, loan and other systems could damage our reputation, result in a loss of customer business, subject us to additional regulatory scrutiny for failure to comply with required information security standards, or expose us to civil litigation and possible financial liability, any of which could have a material adverse effect on us. The continued evolution and increased usage of artificial intelligence technologies may further increase these risks.

Computer break-ins, phishing and other disruptions could also jeopardize the security of information stored in and transmitted through our computer systems and network infrastructure. Information security risks have generally increased in recent years in part because of the proliferation of new technologies, the use of the internet and telecommunications technologies to conduct financial transactions, and the increased sophistication and activities of organized crime, hackers, terrorists, activists, and other external parties. Our operations rely on the secure processing, transmission and storage of confidential information in our computer systems and networks. In addition, to access our products and services, our customers may use devices that are beyond our control systems. Although we believe we have robust information security procedures and controls, our technologies, systems, networks, and our customers’ devices may become the target of cyber-attacks or information security breaches that could result in the unauthorized release, gathering, monitoring, misuse, loss or destruction of our or our customers’ confidential, proprietary and other information, or otherwise disrupt our or our customers’ or other third parties’ business operations. As cyber threats continue to evolve, we may be required to expend significant additional resources to continue to modify or enhance our protective measures or to investigate and remediate any information security vulnerabilities.

We are under continuous threat of loss due to hacking and cyber-attacks especially as we continue to expand customer capabilities to utilize internet and other remote channels to transact business. Two of the most significant cyber-attack risks that we face are e-fraud and loss of sensitive customer data. Loss from e-fraud occurs when cybercriminals breach and extract funds directly from customer or our accounts. Attempts to breach sensitive customer data, such as account numbers and social security numbers, present significant reputational, legal and/or regulatory costs to us, if successful. Our risk and exposure to these matters remains heightened because of the evolving nature and complexity of these threats from cybercriminals and hackers, our plans to continue to provide internet banking and mobile banking channels, and our plans to develop additional remote connectivity solutions to serve our customers. We cannot assure that we will not be the victim of successful hacking or cyberattacks in the future that could cause us to suffer material losses or that our efforts to remediate any such attack will be successful. The occurrence of any cyber-attack or information security breach could result in potential liability to customers, reputational damage and the disruption of our operations, and regulatory concerns, all of which could adversely affect our business, consolidated financial condition and consolidated results of operations.

The use of artificial intelligence in our marketplace may result in reputational harm or liability, or could otherwise adversely affect our business. Artificial intelligence, including generative artificial intelligence, is or may be enabled by or integrated into our products and services or those developed by our third-party partners. As with many developing technologies, artificial intelligence presents risks and challenges that could affect its further development, adoption, and use, and therefore our business. Artificial intelligence algorithms may be flawed. Datasets may contain biased information or otherwise be insufficient; and inappropriate or controversial data practices could impair the acceptance of artificial intelligence solutions and result in burdensome new regulations. If the analyses that products incorporating artificial intelligence assist in producing for us or our third-party partners are deficient, biased or inaccurate, we could be subject to competitive harm, potential legal liability and brand or reputational harm. The use of artificial intelligence may also present ethical issues. If we or our third-party partners offer artificial intelligence enabled products that are controversial because of their purported or real impact on human rights, privacy, or other issues, we may experience competitive harm, potential legal liability and brand or reputational harm. In addition, we expect that governments will continue to assess and implement new laws and regulations concerning the use of artificial intelligence, which may affect or impair the usability or efficiency of our products and services and those developed by our third-party partners.

### OPERATIONAL RISKS

***Our enterprise risk management framework may not be effective in mitigating risk and reducing the potential for losses.***

Our enterprise risk management framework seeks to mitigate risk and loss to us. We have established comprehensive policies and procedures and an internal control framework designed to provide a sound operational environment for the types of risk to which we are subject, including credit risk, market risk (interest rate and price risks), liquidity risk, operational risk, compliance risk, legal risk, strategic risk, and reputational risk. However, as with any risk management framework, there are inherent limitations to our current and future risk management strategies, including risks that we have not appropriately anticipated or identified. In addition, our businesses and the markets in which we operate are continuously evolving. We may fail to adequately or timely enhance our enterprise risk framework to address those changes. If our enterprise risk framework is ineffective, either because it fails to keep pace with changes in the financial markets, regulatory requirements, our businesses, our counterparties, clients or service providers or for other reasons, we could incur losses, suffer reputational damage or find ourselves out of compliance with applicable regulatory or contractual mandates.

***We are subject to certain operational risks, including, but not limited to, internal or external fraud and data processing system failures and errors.***

Employee errors and employee and customer misconduct could subject us to financial losses or regulatory sanctions and seriously harm our reputation. Misconduct by our employees could include hiding unauthorized activities from us, improper or unauthorized activities on behalf of our customers or improper use of confidential information. It is not always possible to prevent employee errors and misconduct, and the precautions we take to prevent and detect this activity may not be effective in all cases. Employee errors could also subject us to financial claims for negligence.

We maintain a system of internal controls and insurance coverage to mitigate against operational risks, including data processing system failures and errors and customer or employee fraud. If our internal controls fail to prevent or detect an occurrence, or if any resulting loss is not insured or exceeds applicable insurance limits, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, consolidated financial condition and consolidated results of operations.

This risk of loss also includes the potential legal actions that could arise as a result of operational deficiencies or as a result of non-compliance with applicable regulatory standards, adverse business decisions or their implementation, or customer attrition due to potential negative publicity.

***We depend on the use of data and modeling in our management’s decision-making, and faulty data or modeling approaches could negatively impact our decision-making ability or possibly subject us to regulatory scrutiny in the future.***

The use of statistical and quantitative models and other quantitatively-based analyses is prevalent in bank decision making and regulatory compliance processes, and the use of such analyses is becoming increasingly widespread in our operations. Liquidity stress testing, interest rate sensitivity analysis, allowance for credit losses measurement, portfolio stress testing and the identification of possible violations of anti-money laundering regulations are examples of areas in which we are dependent on models and the data that underlie them. We anticipate that model-derived insights will be used more widely in our decision making in the future. While these quantitative techniques and approaches improve our decision making, they also create the possibility that faulty data or flawed quantitative approaches could yield adverse outcomes or regulatory scrutiny. Secondarily, because of the complexity inherent in these approaches, misunderstanding or misuse of their outputs could similarly result in suboptimal decision making, which could have an adverse effect on our business, consolidated financial condition and consolidated results of operations.

***We may be subject to environmental liabilities in connection with the real properties we own and the foreclosure on real estate assets securing our loan portfolio.***

A significant portion of our loan portfolio is secured by real estate. In the course of our business, we may foreclose and take title to real estate and could be subject to environmental liabilities with respect to these properties. We may be held liable to a government entity or to third parties for property damage, personal injury, investigation and clean-up costs incurred by these parties in connection with environmental contamination, or may be required to clean up hazardous or toxic substances, or chemical releases at a property. The costs associated with investigation and remediation activities could be substantial. In addition, if we are the owner or former owner of a contaminated site, we may be subject to common law claims by third parties based on damages and costs resulting from environmental contamination emanating from the property. These costs and claims could adversely affect our business, consolidated results of operations and prospects.

### We may fail to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting.

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining a system of internal controls over financial reporting that provides reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and for evaluating and reporting on that system of internal control. We are continuing to refine our disclosure controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file with the SEC is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms and that information required to be disclosed in reports under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our principal executive and financial officers. We are also continuing to refine our internal controls over financial reporting. Maintaining and improving the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting will require that we continue to expend significant resources, including accounting-related costs and significant management oversight.

Nevertheless, these efforts may not be sufficient to result in an effective internal control environment. In addition, there are risks that individuals, either employees or contractors, consciously circumvent established control mechanisms by, for example, exceeding trading or investment management limitations, or committing fraud. If we fail to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting, we may not be able to report our consolidated financial results accurately and in a timely manner, in which case our business may be harmed, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our consolidated financial reports, we could be subject to regulatory penalties and the price of our common stock may decline.

### We rely on third-party service providers for key aspects of our operations.

We rely on third parties for certain services, including, but not limited to, our critical core banking, web hosting and other processing services. The failure of these systems, a cybersecurity breach involving any of our third-party service providers or the termination or change in terms of these services could interrupt our operations. Because our information technology and telecommunications systems interface depend on third-party systems, we could experience service denials if demand for such services exceeds capacity or such third-party systems fail or experience interruptions. Replacing vendors or addressing issues with our third-party service providers could entail significant delay, expense and disruption of service. Even if we are able to replace third-party service providers, it may be at a higher cost to us. In addition, our failure to adequately oversee the actions of our third-party service providers could result in regulatory actions against us. Any of these factors could adversely affect our business, consolidated financial condition and consolidated results of operations.

### Climate change could have a material negative impact on us and our clients.

Concerns over the long-term impact of climate change have led and will continue to lead to governmental efforts to mitigate those impact. Consumers and businesses also may change their behavior as a result of these concerns. We and our customers will need to respond to new laws and regulations as well as consumer and business preferences resulting from climate change concerns. We and our customers may face cost increases, asset value reductions and operating process changes. Among the impact to us could be a drop in demand for our products and services, particularly in certain sectors. In addition, we could face reductions in creditworthiness on the part of some customers or in the value of assets securing loans. Our efforts to take these risks into account in making lending and other decisions, may not be effective in protecting us from the negative impact of new laws and regulations or changes in consumer or business behavior.

Our business, as well as the operations and activities of our clients, could be negatively impacted by climate change. Climate change presents both immediate and long-term risks to us and our clients, and these risks are expected to increase over time. Climate change presents multi-faceted risks, including: operational risk from the physical effects of climate events on us and our clients’ facilities and other assets; credit risk from borrowers with significant exposure to climate risk; transition risks associated with the transition to a less carbon-dependent economy; and reputational risk from stakeholder concerns about our practices related to climate change, our carbon footprint, and our business relationships with clients who operate in carbon-intensive industries.

The risks associated with climate change are rapidly changing and evolving in an escalating fashion, making them difficult to assess. Any of the risks associated with climate change could have a material negative impact on our business, consolidated financial condition and consolidated results of operations.

***Our consolidated financial statements are based in part on assumptions and estimates which, if incorrect, could cause unexpected losses in the future.***

We have made a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reporting of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period, to prepare these consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Material estimates subject to change in the near term include, among other items, the ACL, particularly in light of our adoption of the CECL standard in 2023; the fair value of assets and liabilities acquired in business combinations and related purchase price allocation, the valuation of acquired loans, the valuation of goodwill and separately identifiable intangible assets associated with mergers and acquisitions, loan sales and servicing of financial assets and deferred tax assets and liabilities. These estimates may be adjusted as more current information becomes available, and any adjustment may be significant.

### RISKS RELATED TO AN INVESTMENT IN OUR COMMON STOCK

***Our common stock currently has a limited trading market and is thinly traded, and a more liquid market for our common stock may not develop.***

Our common stock is currently listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the trading symbol “BCAL.” Our stock price has been volatile in the past and could be subject to wide fluctuations in price in response to various factors, some of which are beyond our control and may be unrelated to our actual operating performance.

***We are an emerging growth company, and the reduced regulatory and reporting requirements applicable to emerging growth companies may make our common stock less attractive to investors.***

We are an emerging growth company, as defined in the JOBS Act. For as long as we continue to be an emerging growth company, we may take advantage of reduced regulatory and reporting requirements that are otherwise generally applicable to public companies. These include, without limitation, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced financial reporting requirements, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation and exemptions from the requirements of holding non-binding shareholder advisory votes on executive compensation or golden parachute payments. The JOBS Act also permits an emerging growth company such as us to take advantage of an extended transition period to comply with new or revised accounting standards applicable to public companies. We have irrevocably opted to decline this extended transition period, which means that any consolidated financial statements that we file will be subject to all new or revised accounting standards generally applicable to public companies. We may take advantage of some or all of these provisions for up to five years or such earlier time as we cease to qualify as an emerging growth company, which will occur if we have more than $1.235 billion in total annual gross revenue, if we issue more than $1.0 billion of non-convertible debt in a three-year period, or if we become a “large accelerated filer,” in which case we would no longer be an emerging growth company as of the following December 31. Even after we no longer qualify as an emerging growth company, we may still qualify as a “smaller reporting company,” as defined in Rule 12b-2 in the Exchange Act, which would allow us to take advantage of many of the same exemptions from disclosure requirements, including not being required to provide an auditor attestation of our internal control over financial reporting and reduced disclosure regarding our executive compensation arrangements in our periodic reports and proxy statements. Investors may find our common stock less attractive because we intend to rely on certain of these exemptions, which may result in a less active trading market and increased volatility in our stock price.

***We may issue additional equity securities, or engage in other transactions, which could affect the priority of our common stock, which may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.***

Our Board of Directors may determine from time to time that we need to raise additional capital by issuing additional shares of our common stock or other securities. Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock (including shares issued in connection with an acquisition), or the perception that such sales could occur, may adversely affect prevailing market prices of our common stock. We are not restricted from issuing additional shares of common stock, including securities that are convertible into or exchangeable for, or that represent the right to receive, common stock. We may also issue shares of preferred stock that will provide new investors with rights, preferences and privileges that are senior to, and that adversely affect, our then current common shareholders. We cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing or nature of any future offerings, or the prices at which such offerings may be completed. Any additional equity issuances may dilute the holdings of our existing shareholders or reduce the market price of our common stock, or both.

***An investment in our common stock is not an insured deposit and is not guaranteed by the FDIC, so you could lose some or all of your investment.***

An investment in our common stock is not a deposit account or other obligation of the Bank and, therefore, is not insured against loss or guaranteed by the FDIC, any other deposit insurance fund or by any other governmental, public or private entity. An investment in our common stock is subject to many risks, such as those described in this document and others. As a result, if you acquire our common stock, you could lose some or all of your investment.

## Cybersecurity

As filed, 4,374 characters.

### Risk Management and Strategy

The Company implements a comprehensive Information Security Program ("Program") to safeguard data confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The Program leverages recognized frameworks like National Institute of Standards and Technology (or NIST) and Federal Financial Institutions Examinations Council (“FFEIC”) to identify, prevent, and mitigate cybersecurity threats. Regular assessments and updates ensure the Program's effectiveness in managing and reducing risk.

The Program integrates seamlessly with the Company's enterprise risk management program. Continuous threat and vulnerability assessments inform system and control updates, effectively mitigating risks. Layered security controls work together to protect customer information and transactions. Additionally, third-party experts conduct periodic program evaluations through penetration testing, audits, and best practice consultations, with results driving program improvement initiatives. As a regulated entity, California Bank of Commerce undergoes regular bank regulatory examinations evaluating the information security program and its compliance with federal regulations.

The Company's third-party risk management program oversees and identifies cybersecurity threats associated with service providers. While visibility into third-party operations is limited, risk-based evaluations are conducted. These evaluations involve reviewing security assessment questionnaires, testing summaries, audit reports, and information security policies.

Recognizing the importance of continuous security awareness, the Company provides comprehensive employee training. This includes mandatory cybersecurity and fraud training at onboarding, monthly email phishing tests, and annual computer-based training.

In addition, the Company has an incident response plan (“IRP”) that is in effect if an event is identified by information technology or information security team or one of our third party vendors. The Company’s Information Security Officer (“ISO”) would activate the IRP and communicate with the team members in accordance with the IRP. If the incident is material, the Chief Risk Officer would disclose the incident to the management Disclosure Control Committee.

While no material cybersecurity incidents have been identified during the reported fiscal year, the Company acknowledges the ongoing and evolving nature of cyber threats and remains vigilant in its efforts to defend against them.

### Governance

The Company's internal controls incorporate a protocol for reporting and escalating information security matters to management and the Board of Directors for resolution and, if necessary, disclosure of any material incidents. The Board oversees continuous efforts to strengthen operational resilience and receives ongoing education to enhance their oversight capabilities in the face of evolving threats. The ISO, who reports directly to the Chief Risk Officer, periodically updates the Company’s Information Technology Committee, the Company’s Audit and Risk Committee (“ARC Committee”) and the Board of Directors on information and cybersecurity risks, threats, exposures, and mitigation measures. The Company's IRP is regularly tested, incorporating cybersecurity scenarios.

The ISO leads program development, implementation, and reporting to the Board. The ISO possesses extensive experience with over 25 years of securing information systems and data, and holds many industry certifications including Microsoft Certified Software Engineer + Security, Exchange Security, Comptia Security+, Pentest+, Cyber Security Analyst(CYSA+), Cisco Certified Network Admin + Security enhancement, Cisco Certified Design architect and Certified Ethical Hacker. Recognizing cybersecurity as a shared responsibility, the Company conducts periodic management-level simulations and tabletop exercises with external resources and advisors as needed.

The Board of Directors provides ultimate oversight and monitoring of the Program and its policies. The ARC Committee oversee areas like information technology activities, cybersecurity-related risks, and disaster recovery processes. Additionally, management-level technology and security personnel oversee program management and related assessments, while operational committees manage specific cybersecurity-related risks.

## Properties

As filed, 713 characters.

Our principal executive offices are located in Del Mar, California. As of December 31, 2024, our properties included ten administrative offices and 14 branches in California. We own three properties and lease the remaining properties and believe that, if necessary, we could secure suitable alternative properties on similar terms without materially adversely affecting operations. All of our existing facilities are considered to be adequate for our present and anticipated future use. In the opinion of management, all properties are adequately covered by insurance. For information regarding our lease commitments, refer to Note 6 - *Premises and Equipment and Leases* to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

## Legal proceedings

As filed, 407 characters.

The Company and its subsidiaries are parties to various claims and lawsuits arising in the course of their normal business activities. Although the ultimate outcome of these suits cannot be ascertained at this time, it is the opinion of management that none of these matters, even if it resolved adversely to the Company, will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position.

## Management's discussion and analysis

As filed, 145,591 characters.

The following discussion and analysis of our consolidated financial condition and consolidated results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes. Historical consolidated results of operations and the percentage relationships among any amounts included, and any trends that may appear, may not indicate trends in operations or consolidated results of operations for any future periods. We are a bank holding company and we conduct all our material business operations through the Bank. As a result, the discussion and analysis below primarily relate to activities conducted at the Bank level.

### Overview

California BanCorp, formerly known as Southern California Bancorp, is a California corporation incorporated on October 2, 2019, and headquartered in Del Mar, California. On May 15, 2020, we completed a reorganization whereby California Bank of Commerce, N.A., formerly known as Bank of Southern California, N.A., became the wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. California Bank of Commerce, N.A. has a wholly-owned subsidiary, BCAL OREO1, LLC, which was incorporated on February 14, 2024. BCAL OREO1, LLC is used for holding other real estate owned and other assets acquired by foreclosure. We are regulated as a bank holding company by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (“Federal Reserve”). The Bank operates under a national charter and is regulated by the Office of Comptroller of the Currency (“OCC”).

We are a relationship-focused community bank and we offer a range of financial products and services to individuals, professionals, and small- to medium-sized businesses through our 14 branch offices serving the state of California. We keep a steady focus on our solution-driven, relationship-based approach to banking, providing clients accessibility to decision makers and enhancing the value of our services through strong client partnerships. Our lending products consist primarily of construction and land development loans, real estate loans, C&I loans and consumer loans, and we are a Preferred SBA Lender. Our deposit products consist primarily of demand deposit, money market, and certificates of deposit. In addition, we are a participant in the Certificate of Deposit Account Registry Service (“CDARS”), IntraFi Network Insured Cash Sweep (“ICS”), and Reich & Tang Deposit Solutions (“R&T”) networks. We receive an equal dollar amount of deposits (“reciprocal deposits”) from other participating banks in exchange for the deposits we place into the networks to fully qualify large customer deposits for FDIC insurance. We also provide treasury management services including online banking, cash vault, sweep accounts and lock box services.

### Recent Developments

### Merger with the former California BanCorp (“CALB”)

On July 31, 2024, we completed its all-stock merger with CALB on the terms set forth in the Agreement and Plan of Merger and Reorganization, dated January 30, 2024, by and between us and CALB. At July 31, 2024, CALB had total loans of $1.43 billion, total assets of $1.91 billion, and total deposits of $1.64 billion. Immediately following the merger of CALB with and into the Company, California Bank of Commerce, a California state-chartered bank and wholly-owned subsidiary of CALB, merged with and into the Bank. Effective with these mergers, the corporate names of Southern California Bancorp and Bank of Southern California, N.A. were changed to California BanCorp and California Bank of Commerce, N.A., respectively. The merger expands the Company’s footprint into Northern California and provides an opportunity for building scale and increasing market share through complementary business models with a strong deposit base. The combined company retained all banking offices of both banks, adding CALB’s one full-service bank branch and its four loan production offices in Northern California to the Bank’s 13 full-service bank branches located throughout the Southern California region for a total of 14 Bank branches.

Under the terms of the Agreement and Plan of Merger and Reorganization, each outstanding share of CALB common stock was exchanged for the right to receive 1.590 shares of the Company’s common stock, resulting in the net issuance of approximately 13,579,454 shares, with cash (without interest) paid in lieu of fractional shares and repurchase of shares for settlement of accelerated restricted stock units. Refer to Note 2 - *Business Combinations* of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this annual report for more information regarding business combinations and related activity.

### Southern California Wildfires

Early in the first quarter of 2025, several neighborhoods adjacent to Los Angeles were engulfed by wildfires fed by unusually strong Santa Ana winds. The Palisades and Eaton fires were the most damaging of these wildfires, destroying an estimated 12,000 structures between them. We are working with all our constituents to provide assistance during this difficult period, supporting clients and employees affected by the fires, as well as donating money to relief funds and providing volunteer assistance to them. The fires are expected to have a minimal impact on our loan portfolio.

### Impact of Changes in Federal Fund Interest Rate on the Economy and Banking Industry

Between March 2022 and September 2023, the Federal Reserve raised interest rates 11 times by an aggregate of 525 basis points, to a range between 5.25% and 5.50%, the highest level in 22 years, in response to an increase in inflation that saw the Consumer Price Index rise to 9.1% in July 2022, which has since moderated to 3.0% in February 2025. At its September 2024 meeting, the Federal Reserve reduced the federal funds interest rate by 50 basis points, followed by two additional 25 basis point reductions in November and December 2024, for a total decrease of 100 basis points in 2024, ending the year in a range of 4.25% to 4.50%.

Concerns regarding a potential recession have moderated with the full year advance estimate for 2024 U.S. GDP reported at 2.8%, slowing to 2.3% in the fourth quarter of 2024, with Moody’s full-year baseline 2025 GDP growth forecast estimate at 2.3%. California’s 2024 GDP increased by 3.4% from 2023 and is forecast by Moody’s to decrease to 1.6% in 2025. Despite the anticipated slowdown in California, it is still considered to have the fifth largest economy in the world; however, higher interest rates and broader economic headwinds have put a damper on investment, particularly in the near term for the tech industry, which employs 8% of the state’s workforce, as tech payrolls have trended lower over the past year and further layoffs are expected. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reports California’s December 2024 unemployment rate at 5.5%; it has been in a range between 5.0% and 5.5% since September 2023.

The rapid rise in interest rates between 2022 and 2023 resulted in an industry-wide reduction in the fair value of many banks’ securities portfolios, pressuring their liquidity. The subsequent bank runs led to the failure of several financial institutions beginning in March of 2023 and the distress at New York Community Bank in early 2024, fostering a state of volatility and uncertainty with respect to the health of the U.S. banking system, particularly around liquidity, uninsured deposits and customer concentrations. The situation has stabilized due to strong actions taken by federal regulators in attempts to calm the markets, coupled with the Federal Reserve’s initiation of reductions to the federal funds interest rate.

In remarks delivered at the 2025 U.S. Monetary Policy Forum in New York City Fed Chairman Jerome Powell said that the U.S. economy remains in a good place. However, policymakers are holding steady as they wait for greater clarity on the effects of the Trump administration’s numerous policy changes on the economy; officials are carefully monitoring the effects of the new administration’s policy changes in regard to trade, immigration, fiscal policy, and regulation. Uncertainty around such changes and their likely economic impacts remains high. The Chairman believes that the Fed doesn’t need to move quickly to adjust policy in response yet, but the net effect of these policy changes will matter for the economy and the path of monetary policy. They may also impact financial institutions.

We have a strong consolidated balance sheet with diversified deposit and loan portfolios, with very little sector or individual customer concentration, other than our CRE concentration. Our relationship-based business banking model is founded on strong, ongoing relationships with our commercial clients, which represent a broad variety of industries. We have no meaningful exposure to cryptocurrency or venture capital business models, our accumulated other comprehensive loss on our available-for-sale debt securities is manageable, and our capital position is strong.

We have a highly skilled and experienced lending production team and credit administration team. Given our concentration in commercial real estate secured loans, we mitigate that risk through comprehensive underwriting policies, semi-annual loan level reviews, close monitoring of self-established industry and geographical and collateral type limits, periodic stress testing and continuous portfolio risk management reporting. Per the regulatory definition of commercial real estate, at December 31, 2024, our concentration of such loans represented 459% of our total risk-based capital. In addition, at December 31, 2024, total loans secured by commercial real estate under construction and land development represented 46% of our total risk-based capital. The non-performing loans for these segments per the regulatory definition of commercial real estate loans at December 31, 2024 were $18.6 million and there were $2.5 million in net charge-offs during the year ended December 31, 2024. At December 31, 2024, our only OREO, carried at $4.1 million, was from a multifamily nonaccrual loan we foreclosed in 2024.

Given the nature of our commercial banking business, approximately 46% of our total deposits exceeded the FDIC deposit insurance limits at December 31, 2024. However, we offer our deposit customers access to the Certificate of Deposit Account Registry Service (“CDARS”), IntraFi Network Insured Cash Sweep (“ICS”), and Reich & Tang Deposit Solutions (“R&T”) networks. We receive an equal dollar amount of reciprocal deposits from other participating banks in exchange for the deposits we place into the networks to fully qualify large customer deposits for FDIC insurance. These reciprocal deposits allow us to divide customers’ deposits that exceed the FDIC insurance limits into smaller amounts, below the FDIC insurance limits, and place those deposits in other participating FDIC insured institutions with the convenience of managing all deposit accounts through our Bank. These reciprocal deposits are not required to be treated as brokered deposits up to the lesser of 20% of the Bank’s total liabilities or $5 billion. Our total reciprocal deposits increased to $754.4 million, representing 22.2% of total deposits and 21.8% of Bank’s total liabilities at December 31, 2024, compared to $274.1 million, or 14% of total deposits at December 31, 2023. The excess over 20% increased our wholesale funding to total assets ratio and net non core funding dependence ratio. These two ratios are within the Bank's internal policy limit. In connection with the Merger, the Company acquired $442.7 million in fair value of reciprocal deposits, which included $98.4 million in ICS, $306.6 million in R&T and $37.7 in CDARS.

At December 31, 2024, our liquidity position remained strong, with the following financial balances (unaudited), compared to December 31, 2023:

- Total cash and cash equivalents of approximately $388.2 million, compared to $86.8 million.
- Total liquidity ratio of approximately 15.7%, compared to 11.1%.
- Unpledged, liquid securities at fair value were approximately $129.4 million, compared to $130.0 million.
- Available borrowing capacity from the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) secured lines of credit of approximately $753.9 million, compared to $339.2 million. At December 31, 2024, there were no overnight FHLB borrowings.
- Available borrowing capacity from the Federal Reserve Discount Window program was approximately $318.5 million, compared to $141.6 million. There were no outstanding borrowings under this program at December 31, 2024.
- Available borrowing capacity from four unsecured credit lines from correspondent banks totaling $90.5 million, compared to three unsecured credit lines from correspondent banks totaling $75.0 million. There were no outstanding borrowings on these lines at December 31, 2024.
- Total available borrowing capacity was approximately $1.16 billion at December 31, 2024, compared to $555.8 million.
- Total available liquidity was approximately $1.68 billion at December 31, 2024, compared to $772.6 million at December 31, 2023.

We continue to monitor macroeconomic variables related to increasing interest rates, inflation, and concerns regarding an economic downturn and its potential effects on our business, customers, employees, communities and markets. The following challenges could have an impact on our business, consolidated financial condition or near- or longer-term consolidated results of operations:

- Slower loan growth and declining deposits;
- Difficulty retaining and attracting deposit relationships;
- Credit quality deterioration of our loan portfolio resulting in additional provision for credit losses and charge-offs;
- Margin pressure in response to potential further rate cuts by the Federal Reserve;
- Merger cost savings being less than anticipated;
- Liquidity stresses to maintain sufficient levels of high-quality liquid assets and access to borrowing lines.

### Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our accounting and reporting policies conform to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and conform to general practices within the financial services industry, the most significant of which are described in Note 1 — *Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies* of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this annual report.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates, assumptions and judgments based on available information. These estimates, assumptions and judgments affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. While we base these estimates, assumptions and judgments on historical experience, current information available and other factors deemed to be relevant, actual results could differ from the estimates, assumptions and judgments reflected in the financial statements.

Critical accounting policies are defined as those that require the most complex or subjective judgment and are reflective of significant uncertainties, and could potentially result in materially different results under different assumptions and conditions. In particular, management has identified several accounting policies that, due to the estimates, assumptions and judgments inherent in those policies, are critical in understanding our financial statements. The following is a discussion of these critical accounting policies and significant estimates that require us to make complex and subjective judgments.

On January 1, 2023, we adopted ASU 2016-13, *Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments* (Topic 326), which replaces the incurred loss impairment methodology with a methodology that reflects current expected credit losses (“CECL”) and requires consideration of historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts to estimate expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date. The measurement of expected credit losses under the CECL is applicable to financial assets measured at amortized cost, including loans, held-to-maturity debt securities and off-balance sheet credit exposures. ASU 2016-13 also requires credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities be measured through an allowance for credit losses. If the measurement indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security are compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis, a credit loss exists and an allowance for credit losses ("ACL") is recorded for the credit loss, limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. In addition, ASU 2016-13 modifies the other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) model for available-for-sale debt securities to require an allowance for credit impairment instead of a direct write-down, which allows for reversal of credit impairments in future periods based on improvements in credit. We elected to account for accrued interest receivable separately from the amortized cost of loans and investment securities. We elected the CECL phase-in option provided by regulatory capital rules, which delays the impact of CECL on regulatory capital over a three-year transition period.

Concurrent with the adoption of ASU 2016-13, we adopted ASU 2022-02, *Financial Instruments—Credit Losses* (Topic 326) Troubled Debt Restructurings (“TDR”) and Vintage Disclosures, which eliminated TDR accounting prospectively for all loan modifications occurring on or after January 1, 2023 and added additional disclosure requirements for current period gross charge-offs by year of origination. It also prescribes guidance for reporting modifications for certain loan re-financings and restructurings made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. Loans that were considered a TDR prior to the adoption of ASU 2022-02 will continue to be accounted for under the superseded TDR accounting guidance until the loan is paid off, liquidated, or subsequently modified.

Please also see Significant Accounting Polices under Note 1 — *Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies* of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this annual report for additional information.

#### Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans

The ACL on loans is our estimate of expected lifetime credit losses for our loans held for investment at the time of origination or acquisition and is maintained at a level deemed appropriate by management to provide for expected lifetime credit losses in the portfolio. The ACL consists of: (i) a specific allowance established for current expected credit losses on loans individually evaluated, (ii) a quantitative allowance for current expected credit losses based on the portfolio and expected economic conditions over a reasonable and supportable forecast period that reverts back to long-term trends to cover the expected life of the loan, (iii) a qualitative allowance including management’s judgment to capture factors and trends that are not adequately reflected in the quantitative allowance, and (iv) the ACL for off-balance sheet credit exposure for unfunded loan commitments (described in Allowance for Credit Losses - Off-Balance Sheet Credit Exposure).

The ACL on loans held for investment represents the portion of the loans’ amortized cost basis that we do not expect to collect due to anticipated credit losses over the loans’ contractual life. Amortized cost does not include accrued interest, which management elected to exclude from the estimate of expected credit losses. Provision for credit losses for loans held for investment is included in provision for credit losses in the consolidated statements of income. Loan charge-offs are recognized when management believes the collectability of the principal balance outstanding is unlikely. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the ACL. Credit losses are not estimated for accrued interest receivable, as interest that is deemed uncollectible is written off through interest income.

Estimating expected credit losses requires management to use relevant forward-looking information, including the use of reasonable and supportable forecasts. Pools of loans with similar risk characteristics are collectively evaluated while loans that no longer share risk characteristics with loan pools are evaluated individually. We measure the ACL on loans using a discounted cash flow methodology, which utilizes pool-level assumptions and cash flow projections on an individual loan basis, which is then aggregated at the portfolio segment level and supplemented by a qualitative reserve that is applied to each portfolio segment level.

The Company’s loan portfolio consists of the following segments, based on regulatory call codes and related risk ratings:

- Construction and land development
- Real estate
- 1-4 family residential
- Multifamily residential
- Commercial real estate and other
- Commercial and industrial
- Consumer

Construction and land development loans are typically adjustable rate residential and commercial construction loans to builders, developers and consumers, with terms generally limited to 12 to 36 months. These loans generally require payment in full upon the sale or refinance of the property. Construction and development loans generally carry a higher degree of risk because repayment depends on the ultimate completion of the project and usually on the subsequent sale or refinance of the property, unless the project is user-owned, which would then convert to a conventional term loan. Specific material risks may include (i) unforeseen delays in the building of the project, (ii) cost overruns or inadequate contingency reserves, (iii) poor management of construction process, (iv) inferior or improper construction techniques, (v) changes in the economic environment during the construction period, (vi) a downturn in the real estate market, (vii) rising interest rates which may impact the sale of the property and its price, and (viii) failure to sell or stabilize completed projects in a timely manner. The Company attempts to reduce risks associated with construction and land development loans by obtaining personal guarantees and by keeping the maximum loan-to-value (“LTV”) ratio at or below 75%, depending on the project type. Many of the construction and land development loans include interest reserves built into the loan commitment. For owner-occupied commercial construction loans, periodic cash payments for interest are required from the borrower’s cash flow.

Real estate loans are secured by single family residential properties (one to four units), multifamily residential properties (five or more units), owner-occupied commercial real estate (“CRE”), and non-owner occupied CRE. Real estate loans are subject to the same general risks as other loans and may also be impacted by changing demographics, collateral maintenance, and product supply and demand. Rising interest rates, as well as other factors arising after a loan has been made, could negatively affect not only property values but also a borrower’s cash flow, creditworthiness, and ability to repay the loan. Increasing interest rates can impact real estate values as rising rates generally cause a similar movement in capitalization rates which can cause real estate collateral values to decline. The Company usually obtains a security interest in real estate, in addition to any other available collateral, in order to increase the likelihood of the ultimate repayment of the loan. The Company does not underwrite closed-end term consumer loans secured by a borrower’s residence. Junior liens may be considered in connection with a consumer home equity line of credit (“HELOC”), or as additional collateral support for SBA and other business loans.

The Company’s commercial and industrial (“C&I”) loans are generally made to businesses located in the California and surrounding communities. These loans are made to finance operations, to provide working capital, or for specific purposes such as to finance the purchase of assets or equipment or to finance accounts receivable and inventory. The Company’s C&I loans may be secured (other than by real estate) or unsecured. They may take the form of single payment, installment, or lines of credit. These are generally based on the financial strength and integrity of the borrower and guarantor(s) and generally (with some exceptions) are collateralized by short-term assets such as accounts receivable, inventory, equipment, or a borrower’s other business assets. Commercial term loans are typically made to provide working capital to finance the acquisition of fixed assets, refinance short-term debt originally used to purchase fixed assets or, in rare cases, to finance the purchase of businesses.

Consumer loans consist of loans to individuals for personal and household purposes, including secured and unsecured installment loans and revolving lines of credit. Also included in our consumer loan portfolio are consumer solar panel loans that were acquired as part of the merger with CALB. They consist of residential solar panel loans to consumers with an average individual term ranging from 10 to 20 years and are primarily collateralized by the related equipment. The remaining average term ranges from 6 to 23 years. Consumer loans are underwritten based on the borrower’s income, current debt level, past credit history, and the availability and value of collateral. Consumer rates are both fixed and variable, with negotiable terms. The Company’s installment loans typically amortize over periods up to 5 years. Although the Company typically requires monthly payments of interest and a portion of the principal on its loan products, the Company will offer consumer loans with a single maturity date when a specific source of repayment is available. Consumer loans are generally considered to have greater risk than first or second mortgages on real estate because they may be unsecured, or, if they are secured, the value of the collateral may be difficult to assess and more likely to decrease in value than real estate.

Our ACL model incorporates assumptions for prepayment/curtailment rates, probability of default (“PD”), and loss given default (“LGD”) to project each loan’s cash flow throughout its entire life cycle. An initial reserve amount is determined based on the difference between the amortized cost basis of each loan and the present value of all future cash flows. The initial reserve amount is then aggregated at the loan segment level to derive the segment level quantitative loss rates. For prepayment and curtailment rate, the Company utilized Abrigo’s benchmark since the adoption on January 1, 2023 through the second quarter of 2023 and switched to the Company’s own historical prepayment and curtailment experience beginning in the third quarter of 2023. Quarterly PD is forecasted using a regression model that incorporates certain economic variables as inputs. The LGD is derived from PD using the Frye-Jacobs index provided by our third-party model provider. Reasonable and supportable forecasts are used to predict current and future economic conditions. Management elected to use a four quarter reasonable and supportable forecast period followed by an eight quarter straight-line reversion period. After twelve quarters of forecast plus reversion period, the PD is assumed to remain unchanged for the remaining life of the loan.

We use numerous key macroeconomic variables within the economic forecast scenarios from Moody’s Analytics. These economic forecast scenarios are based on past events, current conditions, and the likelihood of future events occurring. These scenarios include a baseline forecast which represents their best estimate of future economic activity. Moody’s Analytics also provides nine alternative scenarios, including five direct variations of the baseline scenario and four more extensive departures from their baseline forecast, including a slower growth, a stagflation, a next cycle recession and a low oil price scenario. Management recognizes the non-linearity of credit losses relative to economic performance and believes the use of multiple probability-weighted economic scenarios is appropriate in estimating credit losses over the forecast period. This approach is based on certain assumptions. The first assumption is that no single forecast of the economy, however detailed or complex, is completely accurate over a reasonable forecast timeframe and is subject to revisions over time. By considering multiple scenarios, management believes some of the uncertainty associated with a single scenario approach can be mitigated. Management periodically evaluates economic scenarios, determines whether to utilize multiple probability-weighted scenarios in our ACL model, and, if multiple scenarios are utilized, evaluates and determines the weighting for each scenario used in our ACL model, and thus the scenarios and weightings of each scenario may change in future periods. Economic scenarios as well as assumptions within those scenarios can vary based on changes in current and expected economic conditions.

The ACL process involves subjective and complex judgments and is reflective of significant uncertainties that could potentially result in materially different results under different assumptions and conditions. In addition to the aforementioned quantitative model, management periodically considers the need for qualitative adjustments to the ACL. Such qualitative adjustments may be related to and include, but are not limited to, factors such as: differences in segment-specific risk characteristics, periods wherein current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts of economic conditions differ from the conditions that existed at the time of the estimated loss calculation, model limitations and management’s overall assessment of the adequacy of the ACL. Qualitative risk factors are periodically evaluated by management.

Generally, the measurement of the ACL is performed by collectively evaluating loans with similar risk characteristics. Loans that do not share similar risk characteristics are evaluated individually for credit loss and are not included in the evaluation process discussed above. Expected credit losses on all individually evaluated loans are measured, primarily through the evaluation of estimated cash flows expected to be collected, or collateral values measured by reference to an observable market value, if one exists, or the fair value of the collateral for a collateral-dependent loan. We select the measurement method on a loan-by-loan basis except that collateral-dependent loans for which foreclosure is probable are measured at the net realizable value of the collateral. Cash receipts on individually evaluated loans for which the accrual of interest has been discontinued are applied first to principal and then to interest income. Prior to the adoption of ASC Topic 326, individually evaluated loans were referred to as impaired loans. Amounts are charged-off when available information confirms that specific loans or portions thereof, are uncollectible. This methodology for determining charge-offs is consistently applied to each loan segment.

#### Allowance for Credit Losses — Acquired Loans

In accordance with ASU 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (Topic 326), loans purchased or acquired in connection with a business combination are recorded at their acquisition date fair value. Any resulting discount or premium recorded on acquired loans is accreted or amortized into interest income over the remaining life of the loans using the interest method. The ACL related to the acquired loan portfolio is not carried over from the acquiree. Acquired loans are classified into two categories based on the credit risk characteristics of the underlying borrowers as either purchased credit deteriorated (“PCD”) loans, or loans with no evidence of credit deterioration (“non-PCD”).

PCD loans are those loans or pool of loans that have experienced more-than-insignificant credit deterioration since the origination date. For PCD loans, an initial allowance is established on the acquisition date using the same methodology as other loans held for investment and combined with the fair value of the loan to arrive at acquisition date amortized cost. Accordingly, no provision for credit losses is recognized on PCD loans at the acquisition date. Subsequent to the acquisition date, changes to the allowance are recognized in the provision for credit losses. The Company measures ACL for PCD loans using a loss-rate method in conjunction with the PD/LGD framework.

Non-PCD loans are those loans for which there was no evidence of a more-than-insignificant credit deterioration at their acquisition date. Acquired non‑PCD loans, together with originated loans held for investment that share similar risk characteristics, are pooled into segments together. Upon the purchase or acquisition of non-PCD loans, the Company measures and records an ACL based on the Company’s methodology for determining the ACL for its originated loans held for investment. The ACL for non-PCD loans is recorded through a charge to the provision for credit losses in the period in which the loans were purchased or acquired.

#### Allowance for Credit Losses — Off-Balance Sheet Credit Exposures

The Company also maintains a separate allowance for off-balance sheet commitments. Beginning January 1, 2023, management estimates anticipated losses using expected loss factors consistent with those used for the ACL methodology for loans described above, and utilization assumptions based on historical experience. Provision for credit losses for off-balance sheet commitments is included in provision for (reversal of) credit losses in the consolidated statements of operations and added to the allowance for off-balance sheet commitments, which is included in accrued interest payable and other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

#### Business Combinations

Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting under ASC Topic 805 - Business Combinations. Under the acquisition method, identifiable assets acquired, including identifiable intangible assets, and liabilities assumed in a business combination are measured at fair value on the acquisition date. The excess of the fair value of the consideration transferred, over the fair value of the net assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date is recognized as goodwill.

The estimates used to determine the fair values of assets and liabilities acquired in a business combination can be complex and require judgment. For example, we utilize a discounted cash flow approach to measure the fair value of core deposit intangible assets acquired in business combinations. This approach requires us to apply a number of critical estimates that include, but are not limited to, future expected cash flows from depositor relationships, expected “decay” rates, and the determination of discount rates. These critical estimates are difficult to predict and may result in impairment charges in future periods if actual results materially differ from those initially estimated.

### Non-GAAP Financial Measures

This filing contains certain non-GAAP financial measures in addition to results presented in accordance with GAAP. We believe the presentation of certain non-GAAP financial measures provides information useful to assess our consolidated financial condition and consolidated results of operations and to assist investors in evaluating our consolidated financial results relative to our peers. These non-GAAP financial measures complement our GAAP reporting and are presented below to provide investors and others with information that we use to manage the business each period. Because not all companies use identical calculations, the presentation of these non-GAAP financial measures may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures used by other companies. These non-GAAP measures should be taken together with the corresponding GAAP measures and should not be considered a substitute of the GAAP measures.

(1) Efficiency ratio is computed by dividing noninterest expense by total net interest income and noninterest income. We measure our success and the productivity of our operations through monitoring of the efficiency ratio. Adjusted noninterest expense is computed by adjusting noninterest expense for merger related expense for the period indicated. Adjusted efficiency ratio is computed by dividing adjusted noninterest expense by total net interest income and noninterest income.

(2) Pre-tax pre-provision income is computed by adding net interest income and noninterest income and subtracting noninterest expense. This non–GAAP financial measure provides a greater understanding of pre–tax profitability before giving effect to credit loss expense. Adjusted pre-tax pre-provision income is computed by adding net interest income and noninterest income and subtracting adjusted noninterest expense.

(3) Adjusted net income is computed by adjusting net income for the tax-effected one-time initial provision for credit losses related to non-PCD loans and unfunded loan commitments and tax-effected merger related expense adjustments for the periods indicated.

(4) Average tangible common equity is computed by subtracting average goodwill and net average intangible assets from average shareholders’ equity.

(5) Adjusted return on average assets is computed by dividing annualized adjusted net income by average assets. Adjusted return on average equity is computed by dividing adjusted net income by average shareholders’ equity.

(6) Return on average tangible common equity is computed by dividing net income by average tangible common equity. Adjusted return on average tangible common equity is computed by dividing adjusted net income by average tangible common equity.

(7) Tangible common equity and tangible assets are computed by subtracting goodwill and intangible assets, net from total shareholders’ equity and total assets, respectively.

(8) Tangible common equity to tangible assets ratio is computed by dividing tangible common equity by tangible assets.

(9) Tangible book value per share is computed by dividing tangible common equity by total common shares outstanding. We consider tangible book value per share a meaningful measure because it suggests what our common shareholders can expect to receive if we are in financial distress and are forced to liquidate our assets at the book value price. Intangible assets like goodwill are not a part of the process since they cannot be sold for cash during liquidation.

We consider average tangible common equity, tangible common equity, and the tangible common equity to tangible asset ratio as useful additional methods to evaluate our capital utilization and adequacy to withstand unexpected market conditions. These ratios differ from the regulatory capital ratios principally in that the numerator excludes goodwill and other intangible assets.

The following tables present a reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures to GAAP measures for the periods indicated:

*(dollars in thousands)*

| Efficiency Ratio | For the Year Ended December 31, 2024 | 2023 |
| --- | ---: | ---: |
| Noninterest expense | $97,791 | $59,746 |
| Less: Merger and related expenses | 16,288 | — |
| Adjusted noninterest expense | $81,503 | $59,746 |
| Net interest income | 122,984 | 94,138 |
| Noninterest income | 4,760 | 3,379 |
| Total net interest income and noninterest income | $127,744 | $97,517 |
| (1) Efficiency ratio (non-GAAP) | 76.6% | 61.3% |
| (1) Adjusted efficiency ratio (non-GAAP) | 63.8% | 61.3% |
| **Pre-tax Pre-provision Income** |  |  |
| Net interest income | $122,984 | $94,138 |
| Noninterest income | 4,760 | 3,379 |
| Total net interest income and noninterest income | 127,744 | 97,517 |
| Less: Noninterest expense | 97,791 | 59,746 |
| (2) Pre-tax pre-provision income (non-GAAP) | $29,953 | $37,771 |
| Add: Merger and related expenses | 16,288 | — |
| (2) Adjusted pre-tax pre-provision income (non-GAAP) | $46,241 | $37,771 |
| **Return on Average Assets, Equity, and Tangible Equity** |  |  |
| Net income | $5,433 | $25,910 |
| Add: After-tax Day1 provision for non PCD loans and unfunded loan commitments (1) | 14,978 | — |
| Add: After-tax merger and related expenses (1) | 11,988 | — |
| (3) Adjusted net income (non-GAAP) | $32,399 | $25,910 |
| Average assets | $3,095,916 | $2,306,233 |
| Average shareholders’ equity | 379,816 | 273,346 |
| Less: Average intangible assets | 79,564 | 39,195 |
| (4) Average tangible common equity (non-GAAP) | $300,252 | $234,151 |
| Return on average assets | 0.18% | 1.12% |
| (5) Adjusted return on average assets (non-GAAP) | 1.05% | 1.12% |
| Return on average equity | 1.43% | 9.48% |
| (5) Adjusted return on average equity (non-GAAP) | 8.53% | 9.48% |
| (6) Return on average tangible common equity (non-GAAP) | 1.81% | 11.07% |
| (6) Adjusted return on average tangible common equity (non-GAAP) | 10.79% | 11.07% |

*(1) After-tax Day 1 provision for non-PCD loans and unfunded loan commitments and merger and related expenses are presented using a 29.56% tax rate.*

*(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)*

| Tangible Common Equity Ratio/Tangible Book Value Per Share | December 31, 2024 | 2023 |
| --- | ---: | ---: |
| Shareholders’ equity | $511,836 | $288,152 |
| Less: Intangible assets | 134,058 | 38,998 |
| (7) Tangible common equity (non-GAAP) | $377,778 | $249,154 |
| Total assets | $4,031,654 | $2,360,252 |
| Less: Intangible assets | 134,058 | 38,998 |
| (7) Tangible assets (non-GAAP) | $3,897,596 | $2,321,254 |
| Equity to asset ratio | 12.70% | 12.21% |
| (8) Tangible common equity to tangible asset ratio (non-GAAP) | 9.69% | 10.73% |
| Book value per share | $15.86 | $15.69 |
| (9) Tangible book value per share (non-GAAP) | $11.71 | $13.56 |
| Shares outstanding | 32,265,935 | 18,369,115 |

59

### Financial Highlights

The following table sets forth certain of our financial highlights as of and for each of the years presented. This data should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included herein at Item 8 of this annual report.

*($ in thousands except share and per share data)*

| EARNINGS | Year Ended December 31, 2024 | 2023 |
| --- | ---: | ---: |
| Net interest income | $122,984 | $94,138 |
| Provision for credit losses | $21,690 | $915 |
| Noninterest income | $4,760 | $3,379 |
| Noninterest expense | $97,791 | $59,746 |
| Income tax expense | $2,830 | $10,946 |
| Net income | $5,433 | $25,910 |
| Pre-tax pre-provision income (1) | $29,953 | $37,771 |
| Adjusted pre-tax pre-provision income (1) | $46,241 | $37,771 |
| Diluted earnings per share | $0.22 | $1.39 |
| Ending shares outstanding | 32,265,935 | 18,369,115 |
| **PERFORMANCE RATIOS** |  |  |
| Return on average assets | 0.18% | 1.12% |
| Adjusted return on average assets (1) | 1.05% | 1.12% |
| Return on average common equity | 1.43% | 9.48% |
| Adjusted return on average common equity (1) | 8.53% | 9.48% |
| Yield on loans | 6.55% | 5.94% |
| Yield on earning assets | 6.26% | 5.69% |
| Cost of deposits | 2.01% | 1.37% |
| Cost of funds | 2.12% | 1.46% |
| Net interest margin | 4.28% | 4.33% |
| Efficiency ratio (1) | 76.6% | 61.3% |
| Adjusted efficiency ratio (1) | 63.8% | 61.3% |
| **CAPITAL** |  |  |
| Tangible equity to tangible assets (1) | 9.69% | 10.73% |
| Book value (BV) per common share | $15.86 | $15.69 |
| Tangible BV per common share (1) | $11.71 | $13.56 |
| **ASSET QUALITY** |  |  |
| Allowance for loan losses (ALL) | $50,540 | $22,569 |
| Reserve for unfunded loan commitments | 3,103 | 933 |
| Allowance for credit losses (ACL) | $53,643 | $23,502 |
| ALL to nonperforming loans | 190.5% | 173.6% |
| ALL to total loans | 1.61% | 1.15% |
| ACL to total loans | 1.71% | 1.20% |
| Net charge-offs to average loans held-for-investment | (0.11)% | (0.07)% |

60

*($ in thousands except share and per share data)*

|  | Year Ended December 31, 2024 | 2023 |
| --- | ---: | ---: |
| 30-89 days past due, excluding nonaccrual loans | $12,082 | $19 |
| Over 90 days past due, excluding nonaccrual loans | $150 | $— |
| Special mention loans | $69,339 | $2,996 |
| Special mention loans to total loans held for investment | 2.21% | 0.15% |
| Substandard loans | $117,598 | $19,502 |
| Substandard loans to total loans held for investment | 3.75% | 1.00% |
| Nonperforming loans | $26,536 | $13,004 |
| Other real estate owned | 4,083 | — |
| Nonperforming assets | $30,619 | $13,004 |
| Nonperforming assets to total assets | 0.76% | 0.55% |
| **END OF PERIOD BALANCES** |  |  |
| Total loans, including loans held for sale | $3,156,345 | $1,964,791 |
| Total assets | $4,031,654 | $2,360,252 |
| Deposits | $3,398,760 | $1,943,556 |
| Loans to deposits | 92.9% | 101.1% |
| Shareholders' equity | $511,836 | $288,152 |

*(1) Refer to Non-GAAP Financial Measures, included in the Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of this annual report.*

### Results of Operations

#### Impact of Merger on Earnings

The comparability of our financial information is affected by the merger with CALB. We completed this Merger on July31, 2024. This merger has been accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting and, accordingly, CALB’s operating results have been included in the consolidated financial statements for periods beginning after July 31, 2024. Refer to Note 2 - *Business Combinations* of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8. *Financial Statements and Supplemental Data* of this filing for more information regarding business combinations and related activity.

#### Net Income

Net income for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $5.4 million, or $0.22 per diluted share, compared to net income of $25.9 million, or $1.39 per diluted share in the prior year. The $20.5 million decrease in net income from the prior year was primarily due to a $20.8 million increase in the provision for credit losses, and a $38.0 million increase in noninterest expense, partially offset by a $28.8 million increase in net interest income and a $8.1 million decrease in income taxes. Excluding one-time CECL-related provision for credit losses on acquired non-PCD loans and unfunded loan commitments, and merger related expenses, the Company would have reported net income (non-GAAP) of $32.4 million, or $1.32 per diluted share, for the year ended December 31, 2024. Pre-tax, pre-provision income for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $30.0 million, a decrease of $7.8 million, or 20.7% compared to pre-tax, pre-provision income of $37.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2023.

#### Net Interest Income and Margin

Net interest income is our primary source of revenue, which is the difference between interest income on loans, debt securities and other investments (collectively, “interest-earning assets”) and interest expense on deposits and borrowings (collectively, “interest-bearing liabilities”). Net interest margin represents net interest income expressed as a percentage of interest-earning assets. Net interest income is affected by changes in volume, mix, and rates of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, as well as days in a period.

We closely monitor both total net interest income and the net interest margin and seek to maximize net interest income without exposing us to an excessive level of interest rate risk through our asset and liability management policies.

The following table presents interest income, average interest-earning assets, interest expense, average interest-bearing liabilities, and their corresponding yields and costs for the years indicated:

*($ in thousands)*

| Assets Interest-earning assets: | Year Ended December 31, 2024 Average Balance | Income/Expense | Yield/Cost | December 31, 2023 Average Balance | Income/Expense | Yield/Cost |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| Total loans(1) | $2,443,127 | $159,960 | 6.55% | $1,918,443 | $113,951 | 5.94% |
| Taxable debt securities | 136,984 | 5,827 | 4.25% | 107,021 | 3,497 | 3.27% |
| Tax-exempt debt securities (2) | 53,721 | 1,223 | 2.88% | 65,674 | 1,655 | 3.19% |
| Deposits in other financial institutions | 171,939 | 8,692 | 5.06% | 46,826 | 2,434 | 5.20% |
| Fed funds sold/resale agreements | 43,990 | 2,319 | 5.27% | 18,114 | 923 | 5.10% |
| Restricted stock investments and other bank stock | 22,137 | 1,777 | 8.03% | 15,930 | 1,062 | 6.67% |
| Total interest-earning assets | 2,871,898 | 179,798 | 6.26% | 2,172,008 | 123,522 | 5.69% |
| Total noninterest-earning assets | 224,018 |  |  | 134,225 |  |  |
| **Total assets** | **$3,095,916** |  |  | **$2,306,233** |  |  |
| **Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **Interest-bearing liabilities:** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Interest-bearing NOW accounts | 492,140 | 10,644 | 2.16% | 308,537 | 5,161 | 1.67% |
| Money market and savings accounts | 910,426 | 26,685 | 2.93% | 673,176 | 15,000 | 2.23% |
| Time deposits | 324,249 | 15,432 | 4.76% | 180,219 | 6,704 | 3.72% |
| Total interest-bearing deposits | 1,726,815 | 52,761 | 3.06% | 1,161,932 | 26,865 | 2.31% |
| Borrowings: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| FHLB advances | 19,543 | 1,103 | 5.64% | 26,390 | 1,434 | 5.43% |
| Subordinated debt | 39,479 | 2,950 | 7.47% | 17,818 | 1,085 | 6.09% |
| Total borrowings | 59,022 | 4,053 | 6.87% | 44,208 | 2,519 | 5.70% |
| Total interest-bearing liabilities | 1,785,837 | 56,814 | 3.18% | 1,206,140 | 29,384 | 2.44% |
| Noninterest-bearing liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Noninterest-bearing deposits (3) | 893,586 |  |  | 801,882 |  |  |
| Other liabilities | 36,677 |  |  | 24,865 |  |  |
| Shareholders’ equity | 379,816 |  |  | 273,346 |  |  |
| **Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity** | **$3,095,916** |  |  | **$2,306,233** |  |  |
| Net interest spread |  |  | 3.08% |  |  | 3.25% |
| **Net interest income and margin(4)** |  | **$122,984** | **4.28%** |  | **$94,138** | **4.33%** |
| Cost of deposits(5) | $2,620,401 | $52,761 | 2.01% | $1,963,814 | $26,865 | 1.37% |
| Cost of funds(6) | $2,679,423 | $56,814 | 2.12% | $2,008,022 | $29,384 | 1.46% |

*(1) Total loans are net of deferred loan origination fees/costs and discounts/premiums, and include average balances of loans held for sale and nonperforming loans. Interest income includes accretion of net deferred loan fees and net discounts on acquired loans of $12.3 million and $2.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.*

*(2) Tax-exempt debt securities yields are presented on a tax equivalent basis using a 21% tax rate.*

*(3) Average noninterest-bearing deposits represent 34.10%, and 40.83% of average total deposits for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.*

#### (4) Net interest income divided by average interest-earning assets.

*(5) Total deposits is the sum of interest-bearing deposits and noninterest-bearing deposits. The cost of deposits is calculated as total interest expense on deposits divided by average total deposits.*

*(6) Total funding is the sum of total interest-bearing liabilities and noninterest-bearing deposits. The cost of total funding is calculated as total interest expense divided by average total funding.*

#### Rate/Volume Analysis

The following table presents the changes in interest income and interest expense for major components of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. Information is provided on changes attributable to (i) changes in volume multiplied by the prior rate and (ii) changes in rate multiplied by the prior volume. Changes attributable to both rate and volume which cannot be segregated have been allocated proportionately to the change due to volume and the change due to rate.

*($ in thousands)*

| Interest-earning assets: | Year Ended December 31, 2024 vs. 2023 Increase (Decrease) Due to Volume | Rate | Net |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| Total loans | $33,564 | $12,445 | $46,009 |
| Taxable debt securities | 1,120 | 1,210 | 2,330 |
| Tax-exempt debt securities | (242) | (190) | (432) |
| Deposits in other financial institutions | 6,327 | (69) | 6,258 |
| Fed fund sold/resale agreements | 1,363 | 33 | 1,396 |
| Restricted stock investments and other bank stock | 470 | 245 | 715 |
| **Total interest-earning assets** | **42,602** | **13,674** | **56,276** |
| **Interest-bearing liabilities:** |  |  |  |
| Interest-bearing NOW accounts | 3,674 | 1,809 | 5,483 |
| Money market and savings accounts | 6,168 | 5,517 | 11,685 |
| Time deposits | 6,517 | 2,211 | 8,728 |
| Total interest-bearing deposits | 16,359 | 9,537 | 25,896 |
| Borrowings: |  |  |  |
| FHLB advances | (385) | 54 | (331) |
| Subordinated debt | 1,571 | 294 | 1,865 |
| Total borrowings | 1,186 | 348 | 1,534 |
| **Total interest-bearing liabilities** | **17,545** | **9,885** | **27,430** |
| **Net interest income** | **$25,057** | **$3,789** | **$28,846** |

64

Net interest income for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $123.0 million, compared to $94.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase was primarily due to a $56.3 million increase in total interest income, partially offset by a $27.4 million increase in total interest expense. The increase in interest income and interest expense primarily relates to increases in total average interest-earning assets and total average interest-bearing liabilities from the Merger during the third quarter of 2024, coupled with an increase in yields on interest-earnings assets and an increase in cost of funds. During the year ended December 31, 2024, total loan interest income increased $46.0 million, of which $10.4 million was related to accretion income from the net purchase accounting discounts on acquired loans, total debt securities income increased $1.9 million, and interest and dividend income from other financial institutions and other interest-earning assets increased $8.4 million. The increase in interest income was primarily driven by the higher average total interest-earning assets and the mix of interest-earning assets added by the Merger and the impact of the accretion and amortization of fair value marks. Average interest-earning assets increased $699.9 million, resulting from a $524.7 million increase in average total loans, an $18.0 million increase in total average debt securities, a $125.1 million increase in average deposits in other financial institutions, and a $25.9 million increase in average Fed funds sold/resale agreements.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, total interest expense increased by $27.4 million to $56.8 million, comprised primarily of a $25.9 million increase in interest expense on average interest-bearing deposits and a $1.5 million increase in interest expense on average total borrowings due to increases related to interest-bearing deposits and subordinated debt acquired from the Merger, coupled with the repricing of interest-bearing deposits in the higher interest rate environment and peer bank deposit competition over the first three quarters of 2024.

Net interest margin for the year ended December 31, 2024 was 4.28%, compared with 4.33% for the year ended December 31, 2023. The decrease was primarily related to a 66 basis point increase in the cost of funds, partially offset by a 57 basis point increase in the total interest-earning assets yield resulting from higher market interest rates and a change in our interest-earning asset mix. The yield on total interest-earning assets during the year ended December 31, 2024 was 6.26%, compared with 5.69% for the year ended December 31, 2023. The yield on average total loans during the year ended December 31, 2024 was 6.55%, a 61 basis point increase from 5.94% for the year ended December 31, 2023. The cost on total interest-bearing liabilities during the year ended December 31, 2024 was 3.18%, a 74 basis point increase from 2.44% for the year ended 2023. Accretion income from the net purchase accounting discounts on acquired loans was $10.4 million and the amortization expense impact on interest expense was $750 thousand, which increased the net interest margin by 34 basis points for the year ended December 31, 2024. Accretion income from the net purchase accounting discounts on acquired loans increased the yield on average total loans by 43 basis points for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Total cost of funds for the year ended December 31, 2024 was 2.12%, an increase of 66 basis points from 1.46% for the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase was primarily driven by a 75 basis point increase in the cost of interest-bearing deposits, coupled with an increase in average interest-bearing deposits. Average noninterest-bearing demand deposits increased $91.7 million to $893.6 million and represented 34.1% of total average deposits for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared with $801.9 million and 40.8%, respectively, for the year ended 2023; average interest-bearing deposits increased $564.9 million to $1.73 billion during the year ended December 31, 2024. The total cost of deposits for the year ended December 31, 2024 was 2.01%, up 64 basis points from 1.37% for the year ended 2023.

Average total borrowings increased $14.8 million to $59.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, resulting primarily from a $6.8 million decrease in average FHLB advances and a $21.7 million increase in subordinated debt from the $50.8 million in fair value of subordinated debt acquired in the Merger. The average cost of total borrowings was 6.87% for the year ended December 31, 2024, a 117 basis point increase from 5.70% for the year ended 2023.

#### Provision for Credit Losses

We recorded a provision for credit losses of $21.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to $915 thousand for the year ended 2023. The provision for credit losses for the year ended December 31, 2024 included a $19.5 million provision for credit losses on loans held for investment largely due to the $18.5 million one-time initial provision for credit losses on acquired non-PCD loans, and a $2.2 million provision for credit losses on unfunded loan commitments primarily due to the $2.7 million initial provision for credit losses on unfunded commitments acquired in the Merger and the impact of higher unfunded loan commitments. The provision for credit losses for the year ended December 31, 2023 included a $1.7 million provision for credit losses on loans held for investment, partially offset by a $816 thousand reversal of credit provision for unfunded loan commitments.

#### Noninterest Income

The following table sets forth the various components of our noninterest income for the years indicated:

*(dollars in thousands)*

|  | Year Ended December 31, 2024 | 2023 |
| --- | ---: | ---: |
| Service charges and fees on deposit accounts | $2,106 | $1,202 |
| Interchange and ATM income | 1,034 | 744 |
| (Loss) gain on sale of loans | (672) | 831 |
| Income from bank-owned life insurance | 1,748 | 946 |
| Servicing and related income on loans, net | 307 | 240 |
| Loss on sale of debt securities | — | (974) |
| Loss on sale and disposal of fixed assets | (19) | — |
| Other charges and fees | 256 | 390 |
| Total noninterest income | $4,760 | $3,379 |

Total noninterest income during the year ended December 31, 2024 was $4.8 million, an increase of $1.4 million compared to total noninterest income of $3.4 million for the prior year. The increase was due primarily to increases in deposit-related fees, which include service charges and fees on deposit accounts and interchange and ATM income, bank owned life insurance income, partially offset by a valuation allowance on OREO and lower gains on sale of loans for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Deposit-related fees were $3.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2024, an increase of $1.2 million from $1.9 million for year ended 2023. The increase is attributed to a higher volume of transaction-based accounts and account balances as a result of the Merger; average demand deposit account balances increased to $893.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 from $801.9 million for the year ended 2023.

We recorded a loss on sale of loans of $672 thousand during the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to a gain of $831 thousand for the year ended 2023. The $1.5 million decrease was primarily due to a loss of $1.1 million, related to the sale of certain Sponsor Finance loans in the fourth quarter of 2024, coupled with fewer SBA 7(a) loan sales during the year ended December 31, 2024. During the year ended December 31, 2024, we sold six SBA loans with a net carrying value of $6.3 million, resulting in a gain of $415 thousand, at an average premium of 6.56%, offset by thirteen non-SBA loans with a net carrying value of $77.6 million, resulting in a $1.1 million loss. In 2023, we sold nine SBA 7(a) loans with a net carrying value of $10.9 million, resulting in a gain on sale of $874 thousand at an average premium of 8.01%, and one non-SBA loan with a net carrying value of $39 thousand, resulting in a gain of $11 thousand.

Income from bank-owned life insurance was $1.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to $946 thousand for the year ended 2023. The $802 thousand increase between periods primarily driven by the $26.3 million increase in bank-owned life insurance from the Merger and a $368 thousand death benefit income realized for the year ended December 31, 2024. There was no comparable death benefit income realized in 2023.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, we recorded a $974 thousand loss on sale of debt securities; there was no comparable transaction in 2024.

Other charges and fees during the year ended December 31, 2024 were $256 thousand, a decrease of $134 thousand compared to $390 thousand for the year ended 2023. The decrease was due primarily to a $614 thousand valuation allowance on OREO, partially offset by higher loan income and income from equity investments.

#### Noninterest Expense

The following table sets forth the various components of our noninterest expense for the years indicated:

*(dollars in thousands)*

|  | Year Ended December 31, 2024 | 2023 |
| --- | ---: | ---: |
| Salaries and employee benefits | $49,845 | $39,249 |
| Occupancy and equipment | 7,242 | 6,231 |
| Data processing and communications | 5,832 | 4,534 |
| Legal, audit and professional | 2,559 | 3,211 |
| Regulatory assessments | 1,714 | 1,508 |
| Director and shareholder expenses | 1,410 | 849 |
| Merger and related expenses | 16,288 | — |
| Intangible asset amortization | 1,877 | 389 |
| Other real estate owned expenses | 5,246 | — |
| Other expenses | 5,778 | 3,775 |
| Total noninterest expense | $97,791 | $59,746 |

Total noninterest expense for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $97.8 million, an increase of $38.0 million compared with total noninterest expense of $59.7 million for the year ended 2023. The increase was largely due to increases from the Merger, including increases in merger and related expenses, salaries and employee benefits, other real estate owned expenses, intangible asset amortization, and other expenses. Excluding the merger and related expenses, noninterest expense increased $21.8 million to $81.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase in most overhead expense categories is due to including CALB’s operations since the date of acquisition.

Salaries and employee benefits were $49.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to $39.2 million during the prior year. The $10.6 million increase in salaries and benefits was primarily due to growth in headcount from CALB employees retained subsequent to the Merger. The average full-time equivalent (“FTE”) employees for the year ended December 31, 2024 was 249 compared to 206 FTE employees for the year ended 2023. The year ended December 31, 2024 salaries and employee benefits also included a $1.3 million one-time stock-based compensation expense associated with non-continuing CALB executives and employees.

Occupancy and equipment expenses were $7.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to $6.2 million in the prior year. The $1.0 million increase was due primarily to higher lease and depreciation costs as a result of the Merger.

Merger and related expenses were $16.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2024 and primarily included severance and change in control costs of $6.2 million, financial advisory fees of $5.1 million, information technology expenses of $5.2 million, and legal and other professional costs of $4.5 million. There were no comparable expenses for the year ended 2023.

Intangible asset amortization increased $1.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase in core deposit intangible amortization was primarily driven by the additional amortization from the $22.7 million core deposit intangible and $300 thousand trade name intangible acquired in the Merger.

Other real estate expenses were $5.2 million. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company sold OREO and recognized a $4.8 million loss. There was no comparable transaction in the year ended 2023.

Other expenses were $5.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to $3.8 million for the year ended 2023. The $2.0 million increase was due primarily to the increases in loan related expenses, customer service related expenses, marketing, advertising and donation expenses, travel expenses, correspondent bank charges and insurance expenses primarily as a result of the Merger.

Our efficiency ratio (non-GAAP) for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was 76.6% and 61.3%, respectively. Excluding the loss on sale of OREO, the efficiency ratio (non-GAAP) for the year ended December 31, 2024 would have been 72.8%. Excluding the merger and related expenses of $16.3 million, the efficiency ratio (non-GAAP) for the year ended December 31, 2024 would have been 63.8%.

#### Income Taxes

Income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $2.8 million, compared to $10.9 million for the year ended 2023. The effective rate was 34.2% during the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to 29.7% for the year ended 2023. The increase in effective tax rate between periods was primarily due to the impact of the non-tax deductible portion of the merger expenses and the vesting and exercise of equity awards combined with changes in the Company's stock price over time, partially offset by the impact of excess executive compensation.

For additional information, see Note 11 — *Income Taxes* of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this annual report.

### Financial Condition

#### Summary

Total assets at December 31, 2024 were $4.03 billion, an increase of $1.67 billion from $2.36 billion at December 31, 2023. The increase in total assets was primarily related to the $1.86 billion in fair value of total assets acquired in the Merger, which included increases of $1.36 billion in loans held for investment, $42.6 million in debt securities, and $336.3 million in cash and cash equivalents. In addition, the Company recorded preliminary goodwill of $74.0 million related to the Merger in the third quarter of 2024.

Total liabilities were $3.52 billion at December 31, 2024, an increase of $1.45 billion from $2.07 billion at December 31, 2023. The increase in total liabilities was driven by the $1.72 billion in fair value of total liabilities acquired in the Merger, which included $1.64 billion of deposits and $50.8 million of borrowings.

Shareholders’ equity was $511.8 million at December 31, 2024, an increase of $223.7 million from $288.2 million at December 31, 2023. The increase in shareholders’ equity was primarily driven by $5.4 million of net income generated for the year ended December 31, 2024, $214.4 million of common stock issued in connection with closing the Merger, $6.2 million related to stock-based compensation activity, partially offset by a $2.2 million increase in net of tax unrealized losses on available-for-sale debt securities during the period.

#### Debt Securities

Our debt securities portfolio consists of both held-to-maturity and available-for-sale securities aggregating $195.3 million and $183.7 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The $11.6 million increase in debt securities was primarily related to the $42.6 million in debt securities acquired in the Merger, partially offset by paydowns, sales, maturities and calls and valuation changes. Our held-to-maturity debt securities and available-for-sale debt securities represented 1.32% and 3.52%, respectively, of total assets at December 31, 2024, compared to 2.27% and 5.51%, respectively, at December 31, 2023.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, there were no transfers between held-to-maturity and available-for-sale debt securities.

At December 31, 2024 and 2023, debt securities with an amortized cost of $56.2 million and $53.6 million, respectively, were pledged to the Federal Reserve as collateral for secured public deposits and for other purposes as required by law or contract provisions, in addition to collateral securing a line of credit with the Federal Reserve.

#### Held-to-Maturity Debt Securities

The amortized cost of held-to-maturity debt securities and their approximate fair values at December 31, 2024 and 2023 were as follows:

*(dollars in thousands)*

| December 31, 2024 | Amortized Cost | Gross Unrecognized Gains | Gross Unrecognized Losses | Estimated Fair Value |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| Taxable municipals | $553 | $— | $(90) | $463 |
| Tax exempt bank-qualified municipals | 52,727 | — | (5,367) | 47,360 |
|  | $53,280 | $— | $(5,457) | $47,823 |
| **December 31, 2023** |  |  |  |  |
| Taxable municipals | $551 | $— | $(73) | $478 |
| Tax exempt bank-qualified municipals | 53,065 | 25 | (3,136) | 49,954 |
|  | $53,616 | $25 | $(3,209) | $50,432 |

At December 31, 2024, we had 61 held-to-maturity debt securities in a gross unrecognized loss position with an amortized cost basis of $53.3 million with pre-tax unrecognized losses of $5.5 million, compared to 58 held-to-maturity debt securities with an amortized cost basis of $51.5 million with pre-tax unrecognized losses of $3.2 million at December 31, 2023. The effective duration of the held-to-maturity debt securities was 6.52 years and 5.58 years at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. We have the intent and ability to hold the securities classified as held to maturity until they mature, at which time we will receive full value for the securities.

All held-to-maturity debt securities were municipal securities, and historically have had limited credit loss experience with them. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the total fair value of taxable municipal and tax exempt bank-qualified municipal securities was $463 thousand and $478 thousand, respectively, and $47.4 million and $50.0 million, respectively. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the total held-to-maturity debt securities rated AA and above was $44.7 million and $47.0 million, respectively, and rated AA- was $3.2 million and $3.4 million, respectively. Accordingly, we applied a zero credit loss assumption for these securities and no allowance for credit loss was recorded as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.

#### Available-for-Sale Debt Securities

The amortized cost of available-for-sale debt securities and their approximate fair values at December 31, 2024 and 2023, were as follows:

*(dollars in thousands)*

| December 31, 2024 U.S. government and agency and government sponsored enterprise securities: | Amortized Cost | Gross Unrealized Gains | Gross Unrealized Losses | Estimated Fair Value |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| Mortgage-backed securities | $87,930 | $109 | $(4,765) | $83,274 |
| SBA securities | 5,423 | 7 | (97) | 5,333 |
| U.S. Treasury | 12,624 | 17 | (315) | 12,326 |
| U.S. Agency | 2,000 | — | (330) | 1,670 |
| Collateralized mortgage obligations | 41,615 | 11 | (3,963) | 37,663 |
| Taxable municipal | 1,007 | — | (98) | 909 |
| Tax exempt bank-qualified municipals | 830 | — | (4) | 826 |
|  | $151,429 | $144 | $(9,572) | $142,001 |
| **December 31, 2023** |  |  |  |  |
| U.S. government and agency and government sponsored enterprise securities: |  |  |  |  |
| Mortgage-backed securities | $77,031 | $631 | $(3,228) | $74,434 |
| SBA securities | 5,886 | 5 | (109) | 5,782 |
| U.S. Treasury | 2,760 | — | (343) | 2,417 |
| U.S. Agency | 2,000 | — | (330) | 1,670 |
| Collateralized mortgage obligations | 46,330 | 173 | (3,002) | 43,501 |
| Taxable municipals | 1,528 | — | (107) | 1,421 |
| Tax exempt bank-qualified municipals | 831 | — | (21) | 810 |
|  | $136,366 | $809 | $(7,140) | $130,035 |

The estimated fair value of available-for-sale debt securities was $142.0 million at December 31, 2024, an increase of $12.0 million, from $130.0 million at December 31, 2023. The increase was primarily due to $42.6 million in debt securities acquired in the Merger and purchases of $2.0 million, partially offset by fair value market adjustments of $3.1 million, sales of $3.4 million, maturities of $10.5 million, and principal reductions and amortization of discounts and premiums aggregating to $15.6 million.

At December 31, 2024, we had 89 available-for-sale debt securities in a gross unrealized loss position with an amortized cost basis and fair value of $124.2 million and $114.6 million, respectively, with pre-tax unrealized losses of $9.6 million, compared to 76 available-for-sale debt securities with an amortized cost basis and fair value of $100.7 million and $93.5 million, respectively with pre-tax unrealized holding losses of $7.1 million at December 31, 2023. The net of tax unrealized loss on available-for-sale debt securities is reflected in accumulated other comprehensive loss. The effective duration of this portfolio was 4.60 years and 5.13 years at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. We do not have the current intent to sell these available-for-sale debt securities with a fair value below amortized cost, and it is more likely than not that we will not be required to sell such securities prior to the recovery of their amortized cost basis. The issuers of these securities have not, to our knowledge, established any cause for default on these securities. As a result, we expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of these securities.

When market interest rates increase, bond prices tend to fall and, consequently, the fair value of our securities may also decrease. Increases in longer-term market interest rates during 2023 and into 2024 have resulted in higher net unrealized losses in our debt securities. There may be further net unrealized losses on our debt securities classified as available–for-sale, which would negatively affect our total and tangible shareholders’ equity.

We determined that the increase in unrealized losses related to each available-for-sale debt security at December 31, 2024 was primarily attributable to factors other than credit related, including general volatility in market conditions. Our available-for-sale debt securities consisted of U.S. Treasury, U.S. government and agency and government sponsored enterprise securities, and municipals which are issued, guaranteed, or supported by the U.S. government, and historically have had limited credit loss experience. In addition, we reviewed the credit rating of the municipal securities. At December 31, 2024, the total fair value of taxable municipal and tax exempt bank-qualified municipal securities was $909 thousand and $826 thousand, respectively. All of these available-for-sale municipal debt securities rated AA and above totaled $1.7 million. At December 31, 2023, the total fair value of taxable municipal and tax exempt bank-qualified municipal securities was $1.4 million and $810 thousand, respectively. These available-for-sale debt securities rated AA and above totaled $1.4 million and rated A+ totaled $810 thousand at December 31, 2023. Accordingly, we applied a zero credit loss assumption for these securities and no ACL was recorded as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.

The amortized cost, estimated fair value and weighted average yield of held-to-maturity and available-for-sale debt securities as of December 31, 2024 are presented below by contractual maturities. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

*(dollars in thousands)*

|  | Held-to-Maturity Amortized Cost | Estimated Fair Value | Weighted Average Yield (1) | Available-for-Sale Amortized Cost | Estimated Fair Value | Weighted Average Yield (1) |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| Due in one year or less | $— | $— | —% | $18,951 | $18,940 | 7.58% |
| Due after one year through five years | — | — | —% | 11,455 | 10,417 | 2.50% |
| Due after five years through ten years | 25,442 | 23,232 | 2.18% | 15,883 | 14,320 | 3.02% |
| Due after ten years | 27,838 | 24,591 | 2.36% | 105,140 | 98,324 | 4.04% |
|  | $53,280 | $47,823 | 2.27% | $151,429 | $142,001 | 4.26% |

*(1) Weighted average yields are computed based on the amortized cost of the individual underlying securities.*

The following table presents the amortized cost and weighted average yields using amortized cost of held-to-maturity debt securities as of December 31, 2024, based on the contractual maturity dates:

| Held-to-maturity: | One Year or Less Amortized Cost | Weighted Average Yield (1) | More than One Year through Five Years Amortized Cost | Weighted Average Yield (1) | More than Five Years through Ten Years Amortized Cost | Weighted Average Yield (1) | More than Ten Years Amortized Cost | Weighted Average Yield (1) | Total Amortized Cost | Weighted Average Yield (1) |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| Taxable municipals | $— | —% | $— | —% | $553 | 2.29% | $— | —% | $553 | 2.29% |
| Tax exempt bank-qualified municipals | — | —% | — | —% | 24,889 | 2.18% | 27,838 | 2.36% | 52,727 | 2.27% |
| Total | $— | —% | $— | —% | $25,442 | 2.18% | $27,838 | 2.36% | $53,280 | 2.27% |

*(1) Weighted average yields are computed based on the amortized cost of the individual underlying securities.*

The following table presents the fair value and weighted average yields using amortized cost of available-for-sale debt securities as of December 31, 2024, based on the contractual maturity dates:

| Available-for-sale: U.S. government and agency and government sponsored enterprise securities: | One Year or Less Fair Value | Weighted Average Yield (1) | More than One Year through Five Years Fair Value | Weighted Average Yield (1) | More than Five Years through Ten Years Fair Value | Weighted Average Yield (1) | More than Ten Years Fair Value | Weighted Average Yield (1) | Total Fair Value | Weighted Average Yield (1) |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| Mortgage-backed securities | $8,180 | 11.32% | $5,725 | 1.90% | $7,770 | 2.77% | $61,599 | 4.23% | $83,274 | 4.63% |
| SBA securities | — | —% | 1,800 | 6.22% | 2,584 | 4.42% | 949 | 5.77% | 5,333 | 5.06% |
| U.S. Treasury | 9,934 | 4.92% | 2,392 | 0.95% | — | —% | — | —% | 12,326 | 4.08% |
| U.S. Agency | — | —% | — | —% | 1,670 | 2.05% | — | —% | 1,670 | 2.05% |
| Collateralized mortgage obligations | — | —% | — | —% | 1,887 | 3.58% | 35,776 | 3.70% | 37,663 | 3.66% |
| Taxable municipals | — | —% | 500 | 5.24% | 409 | 1.73% | — | —% | 909 | 3.47% |
| Tax exempt bank-qualified municipals | 826 | 2.50% | — | —% | — | —% | — | —% | 826 | 2.50% |
| Total | $18,940 | 7.58% | $10,417 | 2.50% | $14,320 | 3.02% | $98,324 | 4.04% | $142,001 | 4.26% |

*(1) Weighted average yields are computed based on the amortized cost of the individual underlying securities.*

#### Loans Held for Sale

At December 31, 2024, loans held for sale totaled $17.2 million, consisting of $10.3 million SBA 7(a) loans and $6.9 million of C&I loans transferred from loans held for investment, compared to $7.3 million loans held for sale, consisting of only SBA 7(a) loans, at December 31, 2023.

#### Loans Held for Investment

The composition of our loan held for investment at December 31, was as follows:

*(dollars in thousands)*

|  | December 31, 2024 | % of Total Loans | December 31, 2023 | % of Total Loans |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| Construction and land development | $227,325 | 7.2% | $243,521 | 12.4% |
| Real estate - other: |  |  |  |  |
| 1-4 family residential | 164,401 | 5.2% | 143,903 | 7.4% |
| Multifamily residential | 243,993 | 7.8% | 221,247 | 11.3% |
| Commercial real estate and other | 1,767,727 | 56.3% | 1,024,243 | 52.3% |
| Commercial and industrial | 710,970 | 22.7% | 320,142 | 16.4% |
| Consumer | 24,749 | 0.8% | 4,386 | 0.2% |
| Loans(1) | 3,139,165 | 100.0% | 1,957,442 | 100.0% |
| Allowance for loan losses | (50,540) |  | (22,569) |  |
| Net loans | $3,088,625 |  | $1,934,873 |  |

*(1) Loans held for investment includes net unearned fees of $1.8 million and $2.3 million and net unearned discounts of $58.5 million and $1.4 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. We recognized $10.4 million and $239 thousand in interest accretion for acquired loans for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.*

Total loans held for investment were $3.14 billion, or 77.9% of total assets, at December 31, 2024, an increase of $1.18 billion from $1.96 billion, or 82.9% of total assets, at December 31, 2023. The change during the year ended December 31, 2024, was due primarily to the Merger, which increased loans by $1.36 billion. Additionally, there were originations of $270.7 million and net advances of $72.0 million, offset by transfer to OREO of $17.7 million, partial loan charge-offs of $2.8 million, and payoffs and loan sales of $454.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2024.

Loans secured by real estate, defined as construction and land development loans and real estate - other loans, increased by $770.5 million to $2.40 billion at December 31, 2024 primarily due to the Merger. The increase in loans secured by real estate was primarily driven by a $743.5 million increase in commercial real estate and other loans, a $22.7 million increase in multifamily residential loans, a $20.5 million increase in 1-4 family residential loans, partially offset by a $16.2 million decrease in construction and land development loans.

Commercial and industrial loans were $711.0 million at December 31, 2024, an increase of $390.8 million from $320.1 million at December 31, 2023. The increase in C&I loans during the year ended December 31, 2024 was primarily attributable to loans acquired in the Merger of $495.4 million and originations of $89.3 million, partially offset by loan sales and payoffs of $192.0 million, partial loan charge-offs of $61 thousand, and net paydowns of $1.9 million.

#### Loan Maturities

The following table sets forth the amounts of gross loans, by maturity, at December 31, 2024:

*(dollars in thousands)*

|  | Due in One Year or Less | Due after One Year through Five Years | Due after Five Years through Fifteen Years | Due after Fifteen Years | Total |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| Construction and land development | $190,029 | $33,128 | $4,168 | $— | $227,325 |
| Real estate - other: |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1-4 family residential | 17,112 | 54,633 | 57,900 | 34,756 | 164,401 |
| Multifamily residential | 8,910 | 119,695 | 96,035 | 19,353 | 243,993 |
| Commercial real estate and other | 145,226 | 766,004 | 776,127 | 80,370 | 1,767,727 |
| Commercial and industrial | 314,200 | 296,942 | 99,825 | 3 | 710,970 |
| Consumer | 830 | 1,193 | — | 22,726 | 24,749 |
|  | $676,307 | $1,271,595 | $1,034,055 | $157,208 | $3,139,165 |

The following table sets forth the amounts of gross loans, due after one year, presented by fixed or floating interest rates at December 31, 2024:

*(dollars in thousands)*

|  | Fixed Rate | Floating Rate | Total |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| Construction and land development | $21,411 | $15,885 | $37,296 |
| Real estate - other: |  |  |  |
| 1-4 family residential | 47,356 | 99,933 | 147,289 |
| Multifamily residential | 139,424 | 95,659 | 235,083 |
| Commercial real estate and other | 772,131 | 850,370 | 1,622,501 |
| Commercial and industrial | 198,408 | 198,362 | 396,770 |
| Consumer | 23,853 | 66 | 23,919 |
|  | $1,202,583 | $1,260,275 | $2,462,858 |

#### Loan Concentrations

Commercial real estate loans are generally viewed as having more risk of default than residential real estate loans. They are also typically larger than most residential real estate loans and consumer loans and depend on cash flows from the owner’s business or the property to service the debt. Because our loan portfolio, including loans held for sale, contains a number of CRE loans with relatively large balances, the deterioration of one or a few of these loans could cause a significant increase in our levels of nonperforming assets. Approximately 56.0% of our total loan portfolio, including loans held for sale, is comprised of commercial real estate loans as of December 31, 2024 as presented below:

*(dollars in thousands)*

| Commercial real estate loans(1): | December 31, 2024 | Percentage of CRE Portfolio | Average Loan Size | Weighted Average LTV(2) |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| Industrial | $527,900 | 29.8% | $1,920 | 47% |
| Retail | 281,200 | 15.9% | 1,707 | 46% |
| Office | 277,200 | 15.7% | 1,980 | 51% |
| Other | 181,900 | 10.3% | 2,245 | 48% |
| Hotel | 134,200 | 7.6% | 9,584 | 44% |
| Special purpose | 118,500 | 6.7% | 2,071 | 38% |
| Medical/dental office | 113,400 | 6.4% | 1,040 | 51% |
| Self storage | 90,800 | 5.1% | 6,489 | 45% |
| Restaurant | 43,900 | 2.5% | 1,245 | 45% |
| Total | $1,769,000 | 100.0% | $1,979 | 46% |

*(1) CRE loans include owner-occupied CRE and non-owner occupied CRE loans, but exclude farmland loans. Balance includes loans held for sale and loans held for investment.*

*(2) Weighted average loan-to-value (“LTV”) is based on the current loan balance as of December 31, 2024, and collateral value at origination or renewal.*

The following table presents the percentages of our CRE loans broken out by occupancy as of December 31, 2024:

*(dollars in thousands)*

| Commercial real estate loans(1): | December 31, 2024 Owner Occupied Balance | % of Total | Non-owner Occupied Balance | % of Total |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| Industrial | $307,700 | 48.6% | $220,200 | 19.4% |
| Office | 61,900 | 9.8% | 215,300 | 19.0% |
| Retail | 37,800 | 6.0% | 243,400 | 21.4% |
| Special purpose | 74,500 | 11.8% | 44,000 | 3.9% |
| Medical/dental office | 66,300 | 10.5% | 47,100 | 4.1% |
| Self storage | — | —% | 90,800 | 8.0% |
| Restaurant | 9,600 | 1.5% | 34,300 | 3.0% |
| Other | 75,600 | 11.8% | 106,300 | 9.4% |
| Hotel | — | —% | 134,200 | 11.8% |
| Total | $633,400 | 100.0% | $1,135,600 | 100.0% |

*(1) CRE loans include owner-occupied CRE and non-owner occupied CRE loans, but exclude farmland loans. Balance includes loans held for sale and loans held for investment.*

With the increases in remote work over the last few years, rising interest rates and increasing vacancy rates nationwide, commercial real estate loans collateralized by office properties have unique credit risks. We attempt to reduce our credit risk within this portfolio by emphasizing loan-to-value ratios and debt service ratios. The following table presents a summary of the balances and weighted average loan-to-values of office loans and medical/dental office loans within our CRE loan portfolio as of December 31, 2024:

*(dollars in thousands)*

| Office loans: | December 31, 2024 | Weighted Average LTV(1) |
| --- | ---: | ---: |
| Up to $500 | $23,200 | 45% |
| More than $500 through $2,000 | 97,900 | 49% |
| More than $2,000 through $5,000 | 88,500 | 55% |
| More than $5,000 through $10,000 | 61,200 | 55% |
| More than $10,000 through $20,000 | 75,000 | 44% |
| Greater than $20,000 | 44,800 | 55% |
| Total | $390,600 | 50% |

*(1) Weighted average LTV is based on the current loan balance as of December 31, 2024, and collateral value at origination or renewal.*

#### Delinquent Loans

Early stage delinquencies (accruing loans 30-89 days past due) of $12.1 million at December 31, 2024 increased $12.1 million from prior year end which primarily occurred during the fourth quarter of 2024. The fourth quarter of 2024 increase included a $3.2 million loan that was brought current and two C&I loans totaling $1.5 million that were downgraded to nonaccrual in the first quarter of 2025. The remaining early stage delinquencies were driven by seasonality and a few isolated loans. We had $150 thousand in consumer solar loans that were over 90 days past due that were accruing interest at December 31, 2024. There were no loans over 90 days past due loans and still accruing interest as of December 31, 2023.

A summary of past due loans, loans still accruing and nonaccrual loans as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 follows:

*(dollars in thousands)*

| December 31, 2024 | 30-59 Days Past Due | 60-89 Days Past Due | Over 90 Days Past Due | Total Past Due | Nonaccrual |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| Construction and land development | $4,104 | $— | $— | $4,104 | $9,659 |
| Real estate - other: |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1-4 family residential | 40 | 4,469 | — | 4,509 | 2,895 |
| Multifamily residential | — | — | — | — | — |
| Commercial real estate and other | 195 | — | — | 195 | 8,915 |
| Commercial and industrial | 1,866 | 1,113 | — | 2,979 | 4,917 |
| Consumer | 69 | 226 | 150 | 445 | — |
|  | $6,274 | $5,808 | $150 | $12,232 | $26,386 |

*(dollars in thousands)*

| December 31, 2023 Real estate - other: | 30-59 Days Past Due | 60-89 Days Past Due | Over 90 Days Past Due | Total Past Due | Nonaccrual |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| Multifamily residential | $— | $— | $— | $— | $13,004 |
| Commercial and industrial | 19 | — | — | 19 | — |
|  | $19 | $— | $— | $19 | $13,004 |

77

Total nonaccrual loans increased by $13.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2024 to $26.4 million, which included $13.7 million of nonaccrual PCD loans. The non-acquired nonaccrual loan portfolio decreased $342 thousand primarily due to the downgrades of a construction loan and a 1-4 family residential loan from one relationship and a C&I loan that totaled $12.7 million, partially offset by the transfer of a nonaccrual multifamily loan collateralized by three multifamily properties in Santa Monica, California with a net carrying value of $13.0 million to OREO that was subsequently sold with a $4.8 million loss in 2024. The loans downgraded to nonaccrual during the year ended December 31, 2024 were net of total charge-offs of $2.8 million, which included partial charge-offs of $1.5 million for a substandard multifamily loan that was downgraded to nonaccrual in 2024 and transferred to OREO in the third quarter of 2024, $967 thousand for a substandard nonaccrual construction loan, and $238 thousand for consumer solar loans that were delinquent 120 or more days. The multifamily loan was charged-off during the second quarter of 2024 and was transferred to OREO with a net carrying value after charge-off of $4.7 million in July of 2024. The construction loan was collateralized by a stalled construction project in Los Angeles, California. Based on the Company's internal analysis, which included the review of an updated appraisal, the estimated net collateral value was $9.7 million, which was $967 thousand lower than the subject loan's net carrying value resulting in a partial charge-off in the third quarter of 2024. With pro-active credit administration, we partner with our borrowers to pursue favorable resolutions to minimize net charge-offs or losses to the Company.

The following table presents the risk categories for total loans by class of loans as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

*(dollars in thousands)*

| December 31, 2024 | Pass | Special Mention | Substandard | Total |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| Construction and land development | $203,484 | $12,431 | $11,410 | $227,325 |
| Real estate - other: |  |  |  |  |
| 1-4 family residential | 157,037 | — | 7,364 | 164,401 |
| Multifamily residential | 240,207 | 3,786 | — | 243,993 |
| Commercial real estate and other | 1,710,050 | 36,026 | 21,651 | 1,767,727 |
| Commercial and industrial | 617,106 | 17,096 | 76,768 | 710,970 |
| Consumer | 24,344 | — | 405 | 24,749 |
|  | $2,952,228 | $69,339 | $117,598 | $3,139,165 |

*(dollars in thousands)*

| December 31, 2023 | Pass | Special Mention | Substandard | Total |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| Construction and land development | $243,429 | $— | $92 | $243,521 |
| Real estate - other: |  |  |  |  |
| 1-4 family residential | 143,903 | — | — | 143,903 |
| Multifamily residential | 208,243 | — | 13,004 | 221,247 |
| Commercial real estate and other | 1,020,076 | 2,996 | 1,171 | 1,024,243 |
| Commercial and industrial | 314,907 | — | 5,235 | 320,142 |
| Consumer | 4,386 | — | — | 4,386 |
|  | $1,934,944 | $2,996 | $19,502 | $1,957,442 |

Special mention loans increased by $66.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2024 to $69.3 million, which included $25.5 million of non-PCD loans and $10.1 million of PCD loans acquired in the Merger. The increases in the non-acquired portfolio were due mostly to downgrades in most of the loan categories, offset by payoffs of $3.0 million of CRE loans from the prior year.

Substandard loans increased by $98.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2024 to $117.6 million, which included $11.0 million of non-PCD loans, $55.9 million of accruing PCD loans and $13.7 million of nonaccrual PCD loans acquired in the Merger. The increases in the non-acquired portfolio was due mostly to downgrades totaling $32.4 million, which included nonaccrual construction and land loans of $9.7 million and 1-4 family residential loans of $2.9 million, partially offset by upgrades, paydowns and payoffs totaling $1.9 million and the aforementioned nonaccrual multifamily loan of $13.0 million transferred to OREO during the first quarter of 2024 that was sold in the second quarter of 2024.

There were no loans classified as doubtful or loss loans at December 31, 2024 and 2023.

#### Loan Modifications

At December 31, 2024, we had six loan modifications with borrowers that are experiencing financial difficulty totaling $24.1 million, of which $2.0 million were past due. These loans included four PCD loans, one non-PCD loan and one non-acquired loan. Refer to Note 4 - *Loans and Allowances for Credit Losses - Modified Loans to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty* included in Item 8. *Financial Statements* of this annual report for more information regarding loan modifications.

The were no modifications or refinancings (including those with borrowers that are experiencing financial difficulty) of loans at December 31, 2023.

#### Non-performing Assets

Nonperforming assets consist of loans on which we have ceased accruing interest (nonaccrual loans), OREO, and other repossessed assets owned. Nonaccrual loans consist of all loans 90 days or more past due and on loans where, in the opinion of management, there is reasonable doubt as to the collection of principal and interest.

The following table presents a summary of nonperforming assets, along with corresponding nonperforming asset ratios, as of December 31, 2024 and 2023:

*(dollars in thousands)*

| Nonaccrual loans: | 2024 | 2023 |
| --- | ---: | ---: |
| Construction and land development | $9,659 | $— |
| Real estate - other: |  |  |
| 1-4 family residential | 2,895 | — |
| Multifamily residential | — | 13,004 |
| Commercial real estate and other | 8,915 | — |
| Commercial and industrial | 4,917 | — |
| Consumer | — | — |
| Total nonaccrual loans | 26,386 | 13,004 |
| Loans past due over 90 days or more and still on accrual | 150 | — |
| Total nonperforming loans | 26,536 | 13,004 |
| Other real estate owned | 4,083 | — |
| Total nonperforming assets | $30,619 | $13,004 |
| Allowance for loan losses to total loans | 1.61% | 1.15% |
| Nonaccrual loans to total loans | 0.84% | 0.66% |
| Allowance for loan losses to nonaccrual loans | 191.5% | 173.6% |

79

*(dollars in thousands)*

|  | 2024 | 2023 |
| --- | ---: | ---: |
| Allowance for loan losses to nonperforming loans | 190.5% | 173.6% |
| Nonperforming assets to total assets | 0.76% | 0.55% |

At December 31, 2024, nonperforming loans increased by $13.4 million to $26.5 million, compared to $13.0 million at December 31, 2023, which included $13.7 million of nonaccrual PCD loans acquired in the Merger. The increase in the non-acquired portfolio was due primarily to the downgrades of a construction loan and a 1-4 family residential loan from one relationship and a C&I loan that totaled $12.7 million, offset by the aforementioned nonaccrual multifamily loan of $13.0 million that was transferred to OREO during the first quarter of 2024. We foreclosed on the nonaccrual multifamily loan with a carrying value of $4.7 million in the second quarter of 2024. The loan was transferred to OREO and we recorded a $614 thousand valuation allowance on this OREO due to a decline in the fair value of the underlying property in the third quarter of 2024.

#### Allowance for Credit Losses

We adopted CECL effective January 1, 2023 using the modified retrospective method for all financial assets measured at amortized cost and off-balance sheet credit exposures. The transition adjustment of the CECL adoption included an increase in the ACL of $5.5 million, which included $439 thousand to establish a reserve for unfunded commitments and a $3.9 million decrease to retained earnings to reflect the cumulative effect of the adoption of CECL, with the $1.6 million tax impact portion being recorded as part of the deferred tax asset on our Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Our ACL is an estimate of expected lifetime credit losses for loans held for investment at the time of origination or acquisition and is maintained at a level deemed appropriate by management to provide for expected lifetime credit losses in the portfolio. The ACL consists of: (i) a specific allowance established for CECL on loans individually evaluated, (ii) a quantitative allowance for current expected loan losses based on the portfolio and expected economic conditions over a reasonable and supportable forecast period that reverts back to long-term trends to cover the expected life of the loan, (iii) a qualitative allowance including management judgment to capture factors and trends that are not adequately reflected in the quantitative allowance, and (iv) the ACL for off-balance sheet credit exposure for unfunded loan commitments. Estimating expected credit losses requires management to use relevant forward-looking information, including the use of reasonable and supportable forecasts. We measure the ACL using a discounted cash flow methodology, which utilizes pool-level assumptions and cash flow projections on individual loan basis, which then aggregated at the portfolio segment level and supplemented by a qualitative reserve that is applied to each portfolio segment level. Our ACL model incorporates assumptions for our own historical quarterly prepayment and curtailment experience covering the period starting from February 2021 to estimate the ACL, probability of default (“PD”), and LGD to project each loan’s cash flow throughout its entire life cycle.

Accrued interest receivable on loans receivable, net, totaled $11.7 million and $6.4 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and is included within accrued interest receivable and other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Accrued interest receivable is excluded from the ACL.

The following table presents a summary of the changes in the ACL for the periods indicated:

*(dollars in thousands)*

|  | Year Ended December 31, 2024 Allowance for Loan Losses | Reserve for Unfunded Loan Commitments | Total Allowance for Credit Losses | Year Ended December 31, 2023 Allowance for Loan Losses | Reserve for Unfunded Loan Commitments | Total Allowance for Credit Losses |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| Balance, beginning of period | $22,569 | $933 | $23,502 | $17,099 | $1,310 | $18,409 |
| Adoption of ASU No. 2016-13(1) | — | — | — | 5,027 | 439 | 5,466 |
| Initial allowance for acquired PCD loans | 11,216 | — | 11,216 | — | — | — |
| Provision for (reversal of) credit losses(2)(3) | 19,520 | 2,170 | 21,690 | 1,731 | (816) | 915 |
| Charge-offs | (2,774) | — | (2,774) | (1,303) | — | (1,303) |
| Recoveries | 9 | — | 9 | 15 | — | 15 |
| Net charge-offs | (2,765) | — | (2,765) | (1,288) | — | (1,288) |
| Balance, end of period | $50,540 | $3,103 | $53,643 | $22,569 | $933 | $23,502 |

*(1) Represents the impact of adopting ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses on January 1, 2023. As a result of adopting ASU 2016-13, the Company’s methodology to compute our ACL is based on a CECL methodology, rather than the previously applied incurred loss methodology.*

*(2) Includes an initial provision for credit losses for non-PCD loans acquired in the Merger of $18.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. There was no similar activity in the comparable 2023 period.*

*(3) Includes an initial provision for credit losses for unfunded commitments acquired in the Merger of $2.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. There was no similar activity in the comparable 2023 period.*

The following table presents a summary of the ALL by portfolio segment, along with the corresponding percentage of each segment to total loans as of the periods indicated:

*(dollars in thousands)*

|  | December 31, 2024 Amount | Percent of loans in each category to total loans | December 31, 2023 Amount | Percent of loans in each category to total loans |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| Construction and land development | $1,953 | 7.2% | $2,032 | 12.4% |
| Real estate: |  |  |  |  |
| 1-4 family residential | 2,375 | 5.2% | 1,195 | 7.4% |
| Multifamily residential | 1,560 | 7.8% | 1,449 | 11.3% |
| Commercial real estate and other | 25,464 | 56.3% | 13,636 | 52.3% |
| Commercial and industrial | 18,056 | 22.6% | 4,242 | 16.4% |
| Consumer | 1,132 | 0.8% | 15 | 0.2% |
|  | $50,540 | 100.0% | $22,569 | 100.0% |

Since we first adopted CECL in January 2023, and through June 2024, the economic environment has experienced volatility, which has made forecasting future economic outcomes challenging. Among these challenges were the highest levels of inflation seen since the 1970s, a very aggressive rate hiking policy by the Fed and other central banks to combat inflation, turmoil in the banking sector that resulted in several large bank failures early in 2023 and distress at New York Community Bank in early 2024, and significant global geopolitical risks, as well as domestic political risks. On a quarterly basis, we evaluated numerous key macroeconomic variables within the economic forecast scenarios from Moody’s Analytics and determined that it was best to use a combination of these scenarios that would reflect the range of possible outcomes given the volatile economic environment. We also reviewed the underlying assumptions supporting each scenario along with other sources of economic forecasts and meeting minutes of the Federal Open Market Committee (“FOMC”) when determining the scenario weighting. We reduced the probability-weighted forecast from a three-scenario forecast to a two-scenario forecast in September 2023. At December 31, 2024, we used a probability-weighted two-scenario forecast, representing a base-case scenario and one downside scenario, to estimate the ACL. We also updated the scenario weightings and assigned 80% to the base-case scenario and 20% to the downside scenario based on the FOMC lowering the Fed funds rate by 100 basis points during 2024, inflation trending lower, strong recent jobs reports and increasing GDP forecasts suggesting more positive growth in the coming quarters. The use of two weighted scenarios is consistent with the methodology used in our ACL model at December 31, 2023. Refer to Note 4 - *Loans and Allowances for Credit Losses - Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans* included in Item 8. *Financial Statements* of this annual report for more information.

The allowance for loan losses (“ALL”) was $50.5 million at December 31, 2024, compared to $22.6 million at December 31, 2023. The $28.0 million change in the ALL during the year ended December 31, 2024 was driven by a number of factors, including an increase of $11.2 million related to the initial allowance for credit losses on acquired PCD loans, $18.5 million related to the initial provision for credit losses on acquired non-PCD loans, partially offset by net charge-offs of $2.8 million. Changes in Moody’s economic forecasts for California at December 31, 2024 as compared to December 31, 2023 were mixed. California unemployment rate and California gross state product (“GSP”) forecasts were slightly revised upward. The California GSP for the construction section and Home Price Index forecasts were both revised downward to reflect the recent price trends. Our updated historical prepayment and curtailment rates analysis reflected a decrease from December 31, 2023 due primarily to the transition from utilizing monthly historical data to quarterly historical data, in order to accommodate legacy CALB loans that make quarterly payments. Changes in the reasonable and supportable forecast, primarily related to the economic outlook for California, coupled with changes in scenario weightings to 80%/20%, for the baseline/downside (S2) scenarios, respectively, compared to December 31, 2023 when the two scenarios were weighted 70% and 30%, respectively, and historical prepayment and curtailment rates analysis decreased the ALL by $163 thousand. Changes in the loans held for investment volume and mix decreased the ALL by $1.3 million. Changes in qualitative risk factors primarily related to the merger decreased the ALL by $604 thousand.

At December 31, 2024, our ratio of ALL to total loans held for investment was 1.61%, an increase from 1.15% at December 31, 2023.

The ACL process involves subjective and complex judgments and is reflective of significant uncertainties that could potentially result in materially different results under different assumptions and conditions. We review the level of the allowance at least quarterly and perform a sensitivity analysis on the significant assumptions utilized in estimating the ACL for collectively evaluated loans. Applying a 100% probability weighting to the downside scenario rather than using the probability-weighted two scenario approach would result in an increase in ACL by approximately $7.2 million, or an additional 23 basis points to the ALL to total loans held for investment ratio. This sensitivity analysis and related impact on the ACL is a hypothetical analysis and is not intended to represent management’s judgments or assumptions of qualitative loss factors that were utilized at December 31, 2024.

The following table presents net charge-offs, average loans and net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans for the periods indicated:

*(dollars in thousands)*

|  | Year Ended December 31, 2024 Net (Charge-off) Recovery | Average Loans | Net (Charge-off) Recovery Ratio | Year Ended December 31, 2023 Net (Charge-off) Recovery | Average Loans | Net (Charge-off) Recovery Ratio |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| Construction and land development | $(967) | $235,192 | (0.41)% | $— | $233,970 | —% |
| Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1-4 family residential | — | 149,365 | 0.00% | (12) | 140,833 | (0.01)% |
| Multifamily residential | (1,457) | 216,301 | (0.67)% | (1,267) | 231,403 | (0.55)% |
| Commercial real estate and other | (51) | 1,330,677 | —% | — | 993,177 | —% |
| Commercial and industrial | (52) | 500,417 | (0.01)% | (9) | 316,298 | —% |
| Consumer | (238) | 11,175 | (2.13)% | — | 2,762 | —% |
|  | $(2,765) | $2,443,127 | (0.11)% | $(1,288) | $1,918,443 | (0.07)% |

Net charge-offs increased to $2.8 million, or (0.11)% of average loans for the year ended December 31, 2024 from $1.3 million, or (0.07)% of average loans for the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase was primarily due to a $1.5 million charge-off for a nonaccrual multifamily loan, $967 thousand for a construction loan and $238 thousand for consumer solar loans, which are typically charged off no later than 120 days past due.

#### Allowance for Credit Losses on Off-Balance Sheet Commitments

We also maintain a separate allowance for off-balance sheet commitments, which is included in accrued interest payable and other liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets. Management evaluates the loss exposure for off-balance sheet commitments to extend credit following the same principles used for the ACL, with consideration for experienced utilization rates on client credit lines and the inherently lower risk of unfunded loan commitments relative to disbursed commitments. The allowance for off-balance sheet commitments totaled $3.1 million and $933 thousand at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The change in the allowance for off-balance sheet commitments between periods was the result of a $2.2 million provision for credit losses on unfunded loan commitments, which included $2.7 million related to unfunded loan commitments acquired in the Merger, and from lower loss rates for the unfunded loan commitment balances at December 31, 2024. Total unfunded loan commitments increased $514.5 million to $925.3 million at December 31, 2024, from $410.8 million at December 31, 2023.

#### Servicing Asset and Loan Servicing Portfolio

We sell loans in the secondary market and, for certain loans, retain the servicing responsibility. The loans serviced for others were accounted for as sales and are therefore not included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. We receive servicing fees ranging from 0.25% to 1.00% for the services provided over the life of the loan; the servicing asset is initially recognized at fair value based on the present value of the estimated future net servicing income, incorporating assumptions that market participants would use in their estimates of fair value. The risks inherent in the SBA servicing asset relates primarily to changes in prepayments that result from shifts in interest rates and a reduction in the estimated future cash flows. The servicing asset activity includes additions from loan sales with servicing retained and acquired servicing rights and reductions from amortization as the serviced loans are repaid and servicing fees are earned. Loans serviced for others totaled $138.0 million and $58.8 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. This includes SBA loans serviced for others of $33.2 million and $35.4 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, for which there was a related servicing asset of $344 thousand and $546 thousand, respectively. The fair value of the servicing asset approximated its carrying value at December 31, 2024 and 2023. Consideration for each SBA loan sale includes the cash received and the fair value of the related servicing asset. The significant assumptions used in the valuation of the SBA servicing asset at December 31, 2024 included a weighted average discount rate of 14.3% and a weighted average prepayment speed assumption of 20.5%. The significant assumptions used in the valuation of the SBA servicing asset at December 31, 2023 included a weighted average discount rate of 16.1% and a weighted average prepayment speed assumption of 19.0%.

#### Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill totaled $111.8 million and $37.8 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The $74.0 million increase was due to the goodwill recognized upon completion of the Merger during the third quarter of 2024. On an ongoing basis, we qualitatively assess if current events or circumstances warrant the need for an interim quantitative assessment of goodwill impairment. We also monitor fluctuations in our stock prices. During 2024, our stock price and market capitalization decreased due primarily to market volatility related to economic uncertainty and rising political tensions prior to the presidential election. We also note that the trends in our recent financial results were primarily driven by the impact of the Merger and the loss for the third quarter was primarily due to merger related expenses. In early November, our stock price and market capitalization recovered and after assessing these events and circumstances, we determined that it is not likely that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount at December 31, 2024. Management will continue to evaluate the economic conditions at future reporting periods for applicable changes. We performed a qualitative assessment for potential impairment as of December 31, 2024, and as a result of that assessment determined that there has been no impairment to the goodwill.

Intangible assets totaled $22.3 million and $1.2 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and was comprised of the following:

*(dollars in thousands)*

|  | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2023 |
| --- | ---: | ---: |
| Core deposit intangible | $22,033 | $1,195 |
| Trade name | 238 | — |
| Intangible assets, net | $22,271 | $1,195 |

The $21.1 million increase in the intangibles assets between periods was the result of the $22.7 million of intangible assets acquired in the Merger, partially offset by amortization during the period. As a result of the Merger, the Company acquired a $22.7 million core deposit intangible and a $300 thousand trade name intangible. At December 31, 2024, the core deposit intangibles had a weighted average remaining amortization period of 9.3 years.

Refer to Note 2 - *Business Combinations* and Note 8 - *Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets* of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this annual report for more information regarding business combinations and related activity.

#### Deposits

The following table presents the composition of deposits, related percentage of total deposits, and spot rates as of December 31, 2024:

*(dollars in thousands)*

|  | December 31, 2024 Amount | Percentage of Total Deposits | Spot Rate(1) | December 31, 2023 Amount | Percentage of Total Deposits | Spot Rate(1) |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| Noninterest-bearing demand(2) | $1,257,007 | 37.0% | —% | $675,098 | 34.7% | —% |
| Interest-bearing NOW accounts(3) | 673,589 | 19.8% | 1.9% | 381,943 | 19.7% | 2.1% |
| Money market and savings accounts(4) | 1,182,927 | 34.8% | 2.7% | 636,685 | 32.8% | 2.9% |
| Time deposits(5) | 164,101 | 4.8% | 4.0% | 142,005 | 7.3% | 4.5% |
| Broker time deposits | 121,136 | 3.6% | 4.9% | 107,825 | 5.5% | 4.6% |
| Total deposits | $3,398,760 | 100.0% | 1.7% | $1,943,556 | 100.0% | 1.9% |

#### (1) Weighted average interest rates at December 31, 2024 and 2023.

*(2) Included reciprocal deposit products of $76.6 million at December 31, 2024. There were no reciprocal deposits at December 31, 2023.*

*(3) Included reciprocal deposit products of $536.0 million and $265.7 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.*

*(4) Included reciprocal deposit products of $76.5 million and $8.3 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.*

*(5) Included CDARS deposits of $65.4 million at December 31, 2024. There were no CDARS deposits at December 31, 2023.*

We offer our depositors access to the Certificate of Deposit Account Registry Service (“CDARS”), IntraFi Network Insured Cash Sweep (“ICS”), and Reich & Tang Deposit Solutions (“R&T”) networks. We receive an equal dollar amount of reciprocal deposits from other participating banks in exchange for the deposits we place into the networks to fully qualify large customer deposits for FDIC insurance. These reciprocal deposits are not required to be treated as brokered deposits up to the lesser of 20% of the Bank’s total liabilities or $5 billion.

As a result of the Merger, the Company acquired the fair value of $37.7 million in CDARS deposits and $306.6 million in R&T deposits. Our total reciprocal deposits increased to $754.4 million, or 22.2% of total deposits and 21.8% of Bank’s total liabilities at December 31, 2024, compared to $274.1 million, or 14.1% of total deposits and 13.32% of Bank’s total liabilities at December 31, 2023. The excess over 20% increased our wholesale funding to total assets ratio and net non-core funding dependence ratio. These two ratios are within the Bank's internal policy limit.

Total deposits were $3.40 billion at December 31, 2024, an increase of $1.46 billion from $1.94 billion at December 31, 2023. The increase in total deposits was primarily driven by the $1.64 billion in fair value of deposits acquired in the Merger. During the year ended December 31, 2024, there was a $480.4 million increase in reciprocal deposits, a $505.3 million increase in noninterest-bearing demand deposits, excluding reciprocal deposits, a $13.3 million increase in brokered time deposits, a $478.1 million increase in money market and savings accounts, excluding reciprocal deposits, a $21.4 million increase in interest-bearing NOW accounts, excluding reciprocal deposits, and a $22.1 million increase in time deposits. The Company used excess cash acquired from the Merger to pay off high cost callable and noncallable brokered time deposits totaling $233.4 million during the third and fourth quarters of 2024.

At December 31, 2024, noninterest-bearing demand deposits totaled $1.26 billion and represented 37.0% of total deposits, compared to $675.1 million or 34.7% at December 31, 2023. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, total deposits exceeding FDIC deposit insured limits were $1.56 billion, or 46% of total deposits and $816.6 million, or 42% of total deposits, respectively.

The following table sets forth the average balance of deposit accounts and the weighted average rates paid for the periods indicated:

*(dollars in thousands)*

|  | For the Year Ended December 31, 2024 Average Balance | Average Rate Paid | 2023 Average Balance | Average Rate Paid |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| Noninterest-bearing demand | $893,586 | —% | $801,882 | —% |
| Interest-bearing NOW accounts | 492,140 | 2.16% | 308,537 | 1.67% |
| Money market and savings accounts | 910,426 | 2.93% | 673,176 | 2.23% |
| Time deposits | 324,249 | 4.76% | 180,219 | 3.72% |
| Total deposits | $2,620,401 | 2.01% | $1,963,814 | 1.37% |

The increase in the weighted average rate on deposits was primarily due to repricing deposits in the higher interest rate environment and peer bank deposit competition during the year ended December 31, 2024. Beginning in March 2022 through September 2023, the Federal Reserve’s FOMC raised the target Fed funds rate by 525 basis points. Beginning in September 2024 through December 2024, we aggressively lowered our cost of total interest-bearing deposits when the FOMC reduced the target Fed funds rate three times aggregating 100 basis points.

The following table sets forth the maturities of time deposits at December 31, 2024:

*(dollars in thousands)*

|  | December 31, 2024 Three Months of Less | Over Three Months through Six Months | Over Six Months through Twelve Months | Over Twelve Months | Total |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| Time deposits in amounts of $250,000 or less | $144,628 | $40,740 | $14,660 | $4,615 | $204,643 |
| Time deposits in amounts over $250,000(1) | 36,564 | 23,309 | 20,452 | 269 | 80,594 |
| Total time deposits | $181,192 | $64,049 | $35,112 | $4,884 | $285,237 |

#### Borrowings

Total borrowings decreased $33.1 million to $69.7 million at December 31, 2024 from $102.9 million at December 31, 2023. The decrease was attributable to a repayment of $85.0 million in FHLB overnight borrowings, offset by $50.8 million in fair value of borrowing acquired in the Merger (refer to Note 10 - *Borrowing Arrangements* of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this annual report).

A summary of outstanding borrowings, and related information, as of December 31 follows:

*(dollars in thousands)*

| FHLB Advances | 2024 | 2023 |
| --- | ---: | ---: |
| Outstanding balance | $— | $85,000 |
| Weighted average interest rate, end of period | —% | 5.70% |
| Average balance outstanding | $19,543 | $26,390 |
| Weighted average interest rate during year | 5.64% | 5.43% |
| Maximum amount outstanding at any month-end during the year | $70,000 | $85,000 |
| **Subordinated Notes** |  |  |
| Outstanding balance | $73,000 | $18,000 |

86

*(dollars in thousands)*

|  | 2024 | 2023 |
| --- | ---: | ---: |
| Carrying value(1) | $69,725 | $17,865 |
| Weighted average interest rate, end of period | 4.40% | 5.50% |
| Average balance outstanding(2) | $39,479 | $17,818 |
| Weighted average interest rate during year(3) | 7.47% | 6.09% |
| Maximum amount outstanding at any month-end during the year | $73,000 | $18,000 |

*(1) Amount includes $40 thousand net unamortized issuance costs and $3.2 million fair value adjustments at December 31, 2024, $135 thousand net unamortized issuance costs and no fair value adjustments at December 31, 2023.*

*(2) Average balance outstanding includes average net unamortized issuance costs and average fair value adjustments for the periods presented.*

*(3) Weighted average interest rate includes issuance costs and fair value adjustments for the periods presented.*

#### Shareholders’ Equity

Total shareholders’ equity was $511.8 million at December 31, 2024, compared to $288.2 million at December 31, 2023. The $223.7 million increase between periods was primarily due to the fair value of common stock issued in the Merger of $214.4 million and $825 thousand related to the acceleration of replacement awards issued for non-continuing CALB directors, executives and employees, net income of $5.4 million, stock-based compensation expense of $6.2 million, and stock options exercised of $950 thousand, partially offset by an increase in net of tax of unrealized losses on debt securities available-for-sale of $2.2 million and the repurchase of shares in settlement of restricted stock units of $2.0 million.

On June 14, 2023, we announced an authorized share repurchase plan, providing for the repurchase of up to 550,000 shares of our outstanding common stock, or approximately 3% of our then outstanding shares. Repurchases under the program may occur from time to time in open market transactions, in privately negotiated transactions, or by other means in accordance with federal securities laws and other restrictions. We intend to fund any repurchases from available working capital and cash provided by operating activities. The timing of repurchases, as well as the number of shares repurchased, will depend on a variety of factors, including price; trading volume; business, economic and general market conditions; and the terms of any Rule 10b5-1 plan adopted by us. The repurchase program has no expiration date and may be suspended, modified, or terminated at any time without prior notice.

There were no shares repurchased under this share repurchase plan during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Tangible book value per common share at December 31, 2024 was $11.71, compared with $13.56 at December 31, 2023. The $1.85 decrease in tangible book value per common share during the year ended December 31, 2024 was primarily the result of common shares issued in the business combination and the other comprehensive loss related to changes in unrealized losses, net of taxes on available-for-sale securities, partially offset by the impact of share-based compensation expense and the net income during the year. Tangible book value per common share is also impacted by certain other items, including changes in goodwill, and amortization of intangibles.

Prior to the Merger, the holding company qualified for treatment under the Small Bank Holding Company Policy Statement (Regulation Y, Appendix C) and, therefore, was not subject to consolidated capital rules at the bank holding company level. Beginning in the third quarter of 2024, the holding company became subject to the consolidated capital rules at the bank holding company level. The Company’s leverage capital ratio and total risk-based capital ratio were 9.53% and 13.67%, respectively, at December 31, 2024. The Bank’s leverage capital ratio and total risk-based capital ratio were 11.15% and 13.55%, respectively, at December 31, 2024.

### Liquidity and Capital Resources

#### Liquidity

Liquidity is a measure of our ability to meet our cash flow requirements, including inflows and outflows of cash for depositors and borrowers, while at the same time meeting our operating, capital and strategic cash flow needs. Several factors influence our liquidity needs, including depositor and borrower activity, interest rate trends, changes in the economy, maturities, re-pricing and interest rate sensitivity of our debt securities, loan portfolio and deposits. We attempt to maintain a total liquidity ratio (liquid assets, including cash and due from banks, federal funds sold, fully disbursed loans held for sale, investments maturing one year or less, and available-for-sale debt securities not pledged as collateral expressed as a percentage of total deposits and short term debt) above approximately 10.0%. Our total liquidity ratios were 15.7% at December 31, 2024 and 11.1% at December 31, 2023. During the year ended December 31, 2024, we deployed our excess liquidity to repay high cost FHLB overnight advances of $85.0 million and callable and noncallable brokered time deposits totaling $233.4 million during the third and fourth quarters of 2024. For additional information regarding our operating, investing, and financing cash flows, see “*Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows”* in our audited consolidated financial statements contained in Item 8 of this annual report.

#### California Bank of Commerce, N.A.

The Bank’s primary sources of liquidity are derived from deposits from customers, principal and interest payments on loans and debt securities, FHLB advances and other borrowings. The Bank’s primary uses of liquidity include customer withdrawals of deposits, extensions of credit to borrowers, operating expenses, and repayment of FHLB advances and other borrowings. While maturities and scheduled amortization of loans and debt securities are predictable sources of funds, deposit flows and loan prepayments are greatly influenced by market interest rates, economic conditions, and competition.

At December 31, 2024, we had a secured line of credit of $780.9 million from the FHLB, of which $753.9 million was available. This secured borrowing arrangement is collateralized under a blanket lien on qualifying real estate loans and is subject to us providing adequate collateral and continued compliance with the Advances and Security Agreement and other eligibility requirements established by the FHLB. At December 31, 2024, we had pledged qualifying loans with an unpaid principal balance of $1.41 billion for this line. In addition, at December 31, 2024, we used $27.0 million of our secured FHLB borrowing capacity to have the FHLB issue letters of credit to meet collateral requirements for deposits from the State of California and other public agencies. There were no overnight borrowings at December 31, 2024.

At December 31, 2024, we had credit availability of $318.5 million at the Federal Reserve discount window to the extent of collateral pledged. At December 31, 2024, we had pledged held-to-maturity debt securities with an amortized cost of $53.3 million and qualifying loans with an unpaid principal balance of $379.8 million as collateral through the Borrower-in-Custody (“BIC”) program. We also pledged available-for-sale debt securities with an amortized cost of $3.0 million as collateral for secured public deposits and for other purposes as required by law or contract provisions. We had no discount window borrowings at December 31, 2024.

We have four overnight unsecured credit lines from correspondent banks totaling $90.5 million at December 31, 2024. The lines are subject to annual review. There were no outstanding borrowings under these lines at December 31, 2024 and 2023.

#### California BanCorp

The primary sources of liquidity of the Company, on a stand-alone holding company basis, are derived from dividends from the Bank, borrowings, and its ability to issue debt and raise capital. The Company’s primary uses of liquidity are operating expenses and payments of interest and principal on borrowings. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the cash and due from banks was $4.1 million and $3.6 million, respectively.

We acquired a revolving line of credit with a commitment of $3.0 million, This revolving line of credit’s interest rate, due quarterly, was Prime plus 0.40% and had a one-year term that matures in November 2024 and was not renewed.

On May 28, 2020, we issued $18 million of 5.50% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes Due 2030 (the “Notes”). The Notes which mature March 25, 2030 accrue interest at a fixed rate of 5.50% through the fixed rate period to March 26, 2025, after which interest accrues at a floating rate of 90-day SOFR plus 3.50%, until maturity, unless redeemed early, at our option, after the end of the fixed rate period. Issuance costs of $475 thousand were incurred and are being amortized over the first 5-year fixed term of the Notes; unamortized issuance costs at December 31, 2024 and 2023, were $40 thousand and $135 thousand, respectively. The net unamortized issuance costs are netted against the balance and recorded in the borrowings in the consolidated balance sheets. The amortization expenses are recorded in interest expense on the consolidated statements of income. At December 31, 2024, we were in compliance with all covenants and terms of the Notes.

In connection with the Merger, the Company assumed $20 million in subordinated debt, with a fixed interest rate of 5.00% and a stated maturity of September 30, 2030. Beginning September 30, 2025, the interest rate changes to a quarterly variable rate equal to the then current 90-day SOFR plus 4.88%, until maturity, unless redeemed early, at the Company’s option, after the end of the fixed-rate period. The subordinated debt was initially recognized with a fair value discount of $794 thousand. At December 31, 2024, the net unamortized fair value discount was $509 thousand. The net unamortized fair value discount is netted against the balance and recorded in borrowings in the consolidated balance sheets. The amortization of the fair value discount is recorded in interest expense in the consolidated statements of income. At December 31, 2024, the Company was in compliance with all covenants and terms of these notes.

The Company also assumed in the Merger an additional $35 million in subordinated debt, with a fixed interest rate of 3.50% and a stated maturity of September 1, 2031. Beginning August 17, 2026, the interest rate changes to a quarterly variable rate equal to the then current 90-day SOFR plus 2.86%, until maturity, unless redeemed early, at the Company’s option, after the end of the fixed-rate period. The subordinated debt was initially recognized with a fair value discount of $3.4 million. At December 31, 2024, the net unamortized fair value discount was $2.7 million. The net unamortized fair value discount is netted against the balance and recorded in borrowings in the consolidated balance sheets. The amortization of the fair value discount is recorded in interest expense in the consolidated statements of income. At December 31, 2024, the Company was in compliance with all covenants and terms of these notes.

At December 31, 2024, consolidated cash and cash equivalents totaled $388.2 million, an increase of $301.4 million from $86.8 million at December 31, 2023. The increase in cash and cash equivalents is the result of $50.3 million in net cash provided by operating cash flows, $524.7 million net cash provided by investing cash flows, partially offset by $273.6 million of net cash flows used in financing cash flows.

Our operating cash flows are comprised of net income, adjusted for certain non-cash transactions, including but not limited to, depreciation and amortization, provision for credit losses, loans originated for sale and related gains and proceeds from sales, stock-based compensation, and amortization of net deferred loan costs and premiums. Net cash flows from operating cash flows were $50.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to $33.1 million for the same 2023 period. The $17.2 million increase was primarily due to a $4.8 million increase in loss on sale of OREO, a $20.8 million increase in provision of credit losses primarily related to the initial allowance for credit losses on acquired loans and unfunded commitments from the Merger, and a $22.9 million increase in other items, net, partially offset by a decrease in net income generated during the year ended December 31, 2024, a $10.3 million decrease in accretion of net discount and deferred loan fees, and a $2.2 million decrease in net cash provided by sales of loans held for sale, net of originations.

Our investing cash flows are primarily comprised of cash inflows and outflows from our debt securities and loan portfolios, net cash acquired in business combinations, as applicable, and to a lesser extent, purchases of stock investments, purchases and proceeds from bank-owned life insurance, and capital expenditures. Net cash provided by investing activities was $524.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to net cash used in investing activities of $78.9 million for 2023. The $603.6 million increase in cash provided by investing activities was primarily due to the impact of the Merger and resulting cash acquired of $336.3 million, a decrease in net loan fundings of $217.7 million and a decrease in net investment securities purchased of $41.5 million, coupled with proceeds from the sale of other real estate owned of $8.3 million.

Our financing cash flows are primarily comprised of inflows and outflows of deposits, borrowing activity, proceeds from the issuance of common shares, and to a lesser extent, repurchases of common shares and cash flows from share-based compensation arrangements. Net cash used in financing activities was $273.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to net cash provided by financing activities of $45.9 million for the same 2023 period. The $319.4 million decrease in financing cash flows was primarily due to a $199.2 million net decrease in deposit cash flows, offset by a $120.0 million increase in net repayment activity on overnight FHLB advances.

We believe that our liquidity sources are stable and are adequate to meet our day-to-day cash flow requirements as of December 31, 2024.

#### Commitments and Contractual Obligations

The following table presents information regarding our outstanding commitments and contractual obligations as of December 31, 2024:

*(Dollars in thousands)*

|  | One Year or Less | Over One Year to Three Years | Over Three Years to Five Years | More than Five Years | Total |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| Commitments to extend credit | $637,920 | $205,197 | $27,855 | $54,104 | $925,076 |
| Letters of credit issued to customers | 14,876 | 1,240 | 31 | — | 16,147 |
| Total commitments | $652,796 | $206,437 | $27,886 | $54,104 | $941,223 |
| Subordinated notes | — | — | — | 73,000 | 73,000 |
| Certificates of deposit | 280,353 | 4,632 | 252 | — | 285,237 |
| Lease obligations | 5,109 | 8,556 | 4,882 | 2,439 | 20,986 |
| Total contractual obligations | $285,462 | $13,188 | $5,134 | $75,439 | $379,223 |

90

At December 31, 2024 and 2023, we also had unfunded commitments of $5.9 million and $3.2 million, respectively, for investments in other equity investments.

#### Capital Resources

Maintaining adequate capital is always an important objective of the Company. Abundant and high quality capital helps weather economic downturns and market volatility, protect depositors’ funds, and support growth, such as expanding operations or making acquisitions. Capital is also a source of funds for loan demand and enables the Company to effectively manage its assets and liabilities. We are authorized to issue 50,000,000 shares of common stock of which 32,265,935 have been issued as of December 31, 2024. We are also authorized to issue 50,000,000 shares of preferred stock, of which none has been issued as of December 31, 2024. On June 14, 2023, we announced an authorized share repurchase plan, providing for the repurchase of up to 550,000 shares of our outstanding common stock, or approximately 3% of our then outstanding shares.

The Company and the Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Bank’s financial statements. Prior to the Merger with CALB during the third quarter of 2024, the holding company qualified for treatment under the Small Bank Holding Company Policy Statement (Regulation Y, Appendix C) and, therefore, was not subject to consolidated capital rules at the bank holding company level. Beginning in the third quarter of 2024, the Company became subject to the consolidated capital rules at the bank holding company level.

Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the holding company and the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of their respective assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. These capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors. The holding company and Bank also elected to exclude the effects of credit loss accounting under CECL from the common equity Tier 1 capital ratio for a three-year transitional period.

A holding company and bank considered to be “adequately capitalized” is required to maintain a minimum total capital ratio of 8.0%, a minimum Tier 1 capital ratio of 6.0%, a minimum common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 4.5%, and a minimum leverage ratio of 4.0%. Banks considered to be “well capitalized” must maintain a minimum total capital ratio of 10.0%, a minimum Tier 1 capital ratio of 8.0%, a minimum common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 6.5%, and a minimum leverage ratio of 5.0%.

Basel III, the comprehensive regulatory capital rules for U.S. banking organizations, requires all banking organizations to maintain a capital conservation buffer above the minimum risk-based capital requirements in order to avoid certain limitations on capital distributions, stock repurchases and discretionary bonus payments to executive officers. The capital conservation buffer is exclusively comprised of common equity Tier 1 capital, and it applies to each of the three risk-based capital ratios but not to the leverage ratio. Effective January 1, 2019, the capital conservation buffer increased by 0.625% to its fully phased-in 2.5%, such that the common equity Tier 1, Tier 1 and total capital ratio minimums inclusive of the capital conservation buffers were 7.0%, 8.5%, and 10.5% at December 31, 2024. At December 31, 2024, the Company and the Bank were in compliance with the capital conservation buffer requirements. To be categorized as well capitalized, the Company and the Bank must maintain minimum ratios as set forth in the table below.

As of December 31, 2024, the Company’s and the Bank’s regulatory capital ratios exceeded the regulatory capital requirements to be considered “well capitalized” under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action (“PCA”). As of December 31, 2023, the Bank’s regulatory capital ratios exceeded the regulatory capital requirements to be considered “well capitalized” under the regulatory framework for PCA. Management believes, as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, that the Company and the Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to which each is subject.

To be categorized as well-capitalized, the Company and the Bank must maintain minimum ratios as set forth in the table below.

The following table also sets forth the Bank’s actual capital amounts and ratios:

*(dollars in thousands)*

| As of December 31, 2024: California BanCorp: | Actual Amount | Ratio | Amount of Capital Required To be Adequately Capitalized Amount | Ratio | To be Well- Capitalized under PCA Provisions Amount | Ratio |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| Total Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets) | $496,912 | 13.67% | $290,897 | 8.0% | N/A | N/A |
| Tier 1 Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets) | $385,354 | 10.60% | $218,173 | 6.0% | N/A | N/A |
| CET1 Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets) | $385,354 | 10.60% | $163,630 | 4.5% | N/A | N/A |
| Tier 1 Capital (to Average Assets) | $385,354 | 9.53% | $161,710 | 4.0% | N/A | N/A |
| California Bank of Commerce, N.A.: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Total Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets) | $492,433 | 13.55% | $290,753 | 8.0% | $363,441 | 10.0% |
| Tier 1 Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets) | 450,600 | 12.40% | 218,065 | 6.0% | 290,753 | 8.0% |
| CET1 Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets) | 450,600 | 12.40% | 163,548 | 4.5% | 236,237 | 6.5% |
| Tier 1 Capital (to Average Assets) | 450,600 | 11.15% | 161,689 | 4.0% | 202,111 | 5.0% |
| **As of December 31, 2023:** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| California Bank of Commerce, N.A.: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Total Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets) | $289,743 | 13.51% | $171,575 | 8.0% | $214,469 | 10.0% |
| Tier 1 Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets) | 270,341 | 12.61% | 128,681 | 6.0% | 171,575 | 8.0% |
| CET1 Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets) | 270,341 | 12.61% | 96,511 | 4.5% | 139,405 | 6.5% |
| Tier 1 Capital (to Average Assets) | 270,341 | 11.65% | 92,818 | 4.0% | 116,022 | 5.0% |

Refer to Note 16 - *Regulatory Matters* of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this annual report for more information regarding regulatory capital.

#### Dividend Restrictions

The primary source of funds for the Company is dividends from the Bank. Under federal law, the Bank may not declare a dividend in excess of its undivided profits and, absent the approval of the OCC, the Bank’s primary banking regulator, if the total amount of dividends declared by the Bank in any calendar year exceeds the total of the Bank’s retained net income of that current period, year to date, combined with its retained net income for the preceding two years. The Bank also is prohibited from declaring or paying any dividend if, after making the dividend, the Bank would be considered “undercapitalized” (as defined by reference to other OCC regulations). Federal bank regulatory agencies have authority to prohibit banking institutions from paying dividends if those agencies determine that, based on the financial condition of the bank, such payment will constitute an unsafe or unsound practice.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, there were no dividends paid by the Bank to the Company. The Bank paid dividends to the Company of $2.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2023.

The Federal Reserve limits the amount of dividends that bank holding companies may pay on common stock to income available over the past year, and only if prospective earnings retention is consistent with the organization’s expected future needs and financial condition. It is also the Federal Reserve’s policy that bank holding companies should not maintain dividend levels that undermine their ability to be a source of strength to its banking subsidiaries. Additionally, in consideration of the current financial and economic environment, the Federal Reserve has indicated that bank holding companies should carefully review their dividend policies.

During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, there were no dividends declared to shareholders by the Company.

## Market risk

As filed, 7,298 characters.

#### Interest Rate Risk Management

Market risk represents the risk of loss due to changes in market values of assets and liabilities. We incur market risk in the normal course of business through exposures to market interest rates, equity prices, and credit spreads. Our primary market risk is interest rate risk, which is the risk of loss of net interest income or net interest margin resulting from changes in market interest rates.

#### Interest Rate Risk

Interest rate risk results from the following risks:

- Repricing risk — timing differences in the repricing and maturity of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities;
- Option risk — changes in the expected maturities of assets and liabilities, such as borrowers’ ability to prepay loans at any time and depositors’ ability to redeem certificates of deposit before maturity;
- Yield curve risk — changes in the yield curve where interest rates increase or decrease in a nonparallel fashion; and
- Basis risk — changes in spread relationships between different yield curves, such as U.S. Treasuries, U.S. Prime Rate, and Constant Maturity Treasury Rates (“CMT”).

Because our earnings are primarily dependent on our ability to generate net interest income, we focus on actively monitoring and managing the effects of adverse changes in interest rates on our net interest income. Our interest rate risk is overseen by our management Asset Liability Committee (“ALCO”). ALCO monitors our compliance with regulatory guidance in the formulation and implementation of our interest rate risk program. ALCO reviews the results of our interest rate risk modeling quarterly to assess whether we have appropriately measured our interest rate risk, mitigated our exposures appropriately and any residual risk is acceptable. In addition to our annual review of this policy, our Board of Directors explicitly reviews the interest rate risk policy limits at least annually.

Interest rate risk management is an active process that encompasses monitoring loan and deposit flows complemented by investment and funding activities. Effective management of interest rate risk begins with understanding the dynamic characteristics of assets and liabilities and determining the appropriate interest rate risk posture given business forecasts, management objectives, market expectations, and policy constraints. Changes in interest rates may result in interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities maturing or repricing at different times, on a different basis or in unequal amounts. In addition, it is not uncommon for rates on certain assets or liabilities to lag behind changes in the market rates of interest. Additionally, prepayments of loans and early withdrawals of certificates of deposit could cause interest sensitivities to vary.

Our interest rate risk exposure is measured and monitored through various risk management tools, including a simulation model that performs interest rate sensitivity analysis under multiple scenarios. The simulation model is based on the actual maturities and re-pricing characteristics of the Bank’s interest-rate sensitive assets and liabilities. The simulated interest rate scenarios include an instantaneous parallel shift in the yield curve. In order to model and evaluate interest rate risk, we use two approaches: Net Interest Income at Risk (“NII at Risk”), and Economic Value of Equity (“EVE”). Under NII at Risk, the impact on net interest income from changes in interest rates on interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities is modeled over the next 12 months from immediate and sustained changes in interest rates utilizing various assumptions for assets and liabilities. EVE measures the period end market value of assets minus the market value of liabilities and the change in this value as rates change. EVE is a period end measurement.

The following table presents the projected changes in NII at Risk and EVE that would occur upon an immediate change in interest rates based on independent analysis, but without giving effect to any steps that management might take to counteract that change at December 31, 2024:

*(Dollars in thousands)*

| December 31, 2024 | Change in Interest Rates in Basis Points (bps) Market Value of Equity Amount | Change ($) | Change (%) | Net Interest Income (NII) Amount | Change ($) | Change (%) |
| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
| +300bps | $635.2 | $40.3 | 6.8% | $179.8 | 3.5 | 2.0% |
| +200bps | 627.6 | 32.7 | 5.5% | 178.9 | 2.6 | 1.5% |
| +100bps | 615.0 | 20.1 | 3.4% | 177.7 | 1.5 | 0.8% |
| Base case | 594.9 |  |  | 176.2 |  |  |
| -100bps | 566.6 | (28.3) | (4.8)% | 172.7 | (3.5) | (2.0)% |
| -200bps | 527.0 | (67.9) | (11.4)% | 168.6 | (7.6) | (4.3)% |
| -300bps | 475.2 | (119.7) | (20.1)% | 163.4 | (12.8) | (7.3)% |
| **December 31, 2023** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| +300bps | $359.1 | $37.1 | 11.5% | $86.9 | (0.4) | (0.4)% |
| +200bps | 351.1 | 29.1 | 9.0% | 87.6 | 0.3 | 0.3% |
| +100bps | 339.5 | 17.5 | 5.4% | 87.7 | 0.4 | 0.5% |
| Base case | 322.0 |  |  | 87.3 |  |  |
| -100bps | 295.4 | (26.6) | (8.3)% | 84.4 | (2.9) | (3.3)% |
| -200bps | 252.8 | (69.2) | (21.5)% | 83.1 | (4.2) | (4.8)% |
| -300bps | 186.7 | (135.3) | (42.0)% | 82.0 | (5.3) | (6.0)% |

The modeled NII results at December 31, 2024 and 2023 indicate we would sustain a decrease in NII if interest rates declined due primarily to adjustable-rate loans repricing lower and at a faster pace than the decline in deposit rates. In the current rate environment at December 31, 2024, our NII results indicated there would be a modest increase in the net interest income in all rates-up scenarios, compared to an increase in net interest income in the +100 and +200 rate shock scenarios, and a slight decrease in net interest income in the +300 rate shock scenario at December 31, 2023. The changes in NII in a rising rate environment are attributed to the adjustable-rate loans repricing higher, offset by the higher costs associated with increasing deposit costs.

The modeled EVE results at December 31, 2024 and 2023 indicate we would benefit from an increase in interest rates and would be adversely impacted by a decrease in interest rates. The results of these analyses do not contemplate all of the actions that we may undertake in response to changes in interest rates. In response to actual or anticipated changes in interest rates, we have various alternatives for managing and reducing exposure such as using FHLB Advances and/or certain derivatives such as swaps to align maturities and repricing terms, managing the percentage of fixed rate loans in our portfolio, managing the level of investments and duration of investment securities and managing our deposit relationships.

The projected changes are forecasts based on estimates of historical behavior and assumptions that are susceptible to change over time and actual results may differ from projections. Factors affecting our estimates and assumptions include, but are not limited to competitor behavior, economic conditions both locally and nationally, actions taken by the Federal Reserve, customer behavior and our management’s responses. Changes that vary significantly from our assumptions and estimates significantly affect our earnings and EVE profiles.

## Controls and procedures

As filed, 4,420 characters.

### Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Rules 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e)) designed at a reasonable assurance level to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in its reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

As required by Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act, in connection with the filing of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, our management, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined under Rule 13a-15(e). Based on that evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of December 31, 2024, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports filed or submitted by it under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and include controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in such reports is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

There have been no changes in the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures during its fourth fiscal quarter of 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, these controls and procedures.

### Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

The management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed under the supervision of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of the Company’s financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

As of December 31, 2024, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer, the Company assessed the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting based on the criteria for effective internal control over financial reporting established in “Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013),” issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on this assessment, management determined that the Company maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024.

### Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There has been no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) during its fourth fiscal quarter of 2024, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Filed Apr 1, 2025.
Source: SEC EDGAR, the filing index for accession 0001628280-25-015957. Last ingested by Listed: Oct 28, 2026, 08:06 ET. No prices; not investment advice.