# Q/C Technologies, Inc.: Form 10-Q for the period ended Mar 31, 2025

- Company: [Q/C Technologies, Inc.](/companies/qcls.md) (CIK 1321834)
- Form: 10-Q
- Filed: 2025-05-15
- Accepted by EDGAR: May 15, 2025, 20:15 ET
- Period: 2025-03-31
- Accession: 0001641172-25-010937
- Inline XBRL: yes
- Main document: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1321834/000164117225010937/form10-q.htm
- All documents and exhibits: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1321834/000164117225010937/

## Figures reported in this filing

Standardized XBRL line items for the period ended 2025-03-31.

| Line item | Period | Value | XBRL concept |
| --- | --- | ---: | --- |
| Research and development | 3 months, 2025-01-01 to 2025-03-31 | $1.5m | us-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense |
| Operating income | 3 months, 2025-01-01 to 2025-03-31 | −$2.5m | us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss |
| Net income | 3 months, 2025-01-01 to 2025-03-31 | −$1.1m | us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss |
| Diluted EPS | 3 months, 2025-01-01 to 2025-03-31 | −$0.36 | us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted |
| Basic EPS | 3 months, 2025-01-01 to 2025-03-31 | −$0.36 | us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic |
| Diluted shares (weighted) | 3 months, 2025-01-01 to 2025-03-31 | 5,349,662 shares | us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding |
| Operating cash flow | 3 months, 2025-01-01 to 2025-03-31 | −$2.6m | us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities |
| Cash and equivalents | at 2025-03-31 | $73.2k | us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue |
| Current assets | at 2025-03-31 | $6.8m | us-gaap:AssetsCurrent |
| Total assets | at 2025-03-31 | $18.8m | us-gaap:Assets |
| Current liabilities | at 2025-03-31 | $4.9m | us-gaap:LiabilitiesCurrent |
| Total liabilities | at 2025-03-31 | $4.9m | us-gaap:Liabilities |
| Shareholders' equity | at 2025-03-31 | $8.7m | us-gaap:StockholdersEquity |

## Management's discussion and analysis

As filed, 76,705 characters.

*The information set forth below should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 11, 2025. This discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements based on our current expectations, assumptions, estimates and projections. These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those indicated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including those discussed in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, entitled “Risk Factors.” References in this discussion and analysis to “us,” “we,” “our,” or “the Company” refer collectively to TNF Pharmaceuticals, Inc.*

Our financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP. These accounting principles require us to make certain estimates, judgments and assumptions. We believe that the estimates, judgments and assumptions upon which we rely are reasonable based upon information available to us at the time that these estimates, judgments and assumptions are made. These estimates, judgments and assumptions can affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the periods presented. Our financial statements would be affected to the extent there are material differences between these estimates and actual results. In many cases, the accounting treatment of a particular transaction is specifically dictated by GAAP and does not require management’s judgment in its application. There are also areas in which management’s judgment in selecting any available alternative would not produce a materially different result. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

This quarterly report on Form 10-Q and other reports filed by the Company from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC” and such reports, collectively, the “Filings”) contain or may contain forward-looking statements and information that are based upon beliefs of, and information currently available to, the Company’s management as well as estimates and assumptions made by Company’s management. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which are only predictions and speak only as of the date hereof. When used in the Filings, the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “future,” “intend,” “plan,” or the negative of these terms and similar expressions as they relate to the Company or the Company’s management identify forward-looking statements. Such statements reflect the current view of the Company with respect to future events and are subject to risks, uncertainties, assumptions, and other factors, including the risks relating to the Company’s business, industry, and the Company’s operations and results of operations. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should the underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may differ significantly from those anticipated, believed, estimated, expected, intended, or planned.

Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements. Except as required by applicable law, including the securities laws of the United States, we do not intend to update any of the forward-looking statements to conform these statements to actual results.

Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results and events anticipated or implied by such forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:

- fluctuation and volatility in market price of our Common Stock due to market and industry factors, as well as general economic, political and market conditions;
- the impact of dilution on our stockholders;
- the outcome of litigation or other proceedings we may become subject to in the future;
- the impact of our ability to meet the continued listing requirements of the Nasdaq Capital Market;
- our availability and ability to continue to obtain sufficient funding to conduct planned research and development efforts and realize potential profits;
- our ability to develop and commercialize our product candidates, including Isomyosamine, Supera-CBD and other future product candidates;
- the impact of the complexity of the regulatory landscape on our ability to seek and obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates, both within and outside of the U.S.;
- the required investment of substantial time, resources and effort for successful clinical development and marketization of our product candidates;
- challenges we may face with maintaining regulatory approval, if achieved;
- the potential impact of changes in the legal and regulatory landscape, both within and outside of the U.S.;
- the potential future impact of pandemics on the administration, funding and policies of regulatory authorities, both within and outside of the U.S.;
- our dependence on third parties to conduct pre-clinical and clinical trials and manufacture its product candidates;
- the impact of the future pandemics on our results of operations, business plan and the global economy;
- challenges we may face with respect to our product candidates achieving market acceptance by providers, patients, patient advocacy groups, third party payors and the general medical community;
- the impact of pricing, insurance coverage and reimbursement status of our product candidates;
- emerging competition and rapidly advancing technology in our industry;
- our ability to obtain, maintain and protect our trade secrets or other proprietary rights, operate without infringing upon the proprietary rights of others and prevent others from infringing on its proprietary rights;
- our ability to maintain adequate cyber security and information systems;
- our ability to achieve the expected benefits and costs of the transactions related to the acquisition of Supera Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Supera”);
- our ability to effectively execute and deliver our plans related to commercialization, marketing and manufacturing capabilities and strategy;
- emerging competition and rapidly advancing technology in our industry;
- our ability to obtain adequate financing in the future on reasonable terms, as and when we need it;
- challenges we may face in identifying, acquiring and operating new business opportunities;
- our ability to retain and attract senior management and other key employees;
- our ability to quickly and effectively respond to new technological developments;
- changes in political, economic or regulatory conditions generally and in the markets in which we operate; and
- our compliance with all laws, rules, and regulations applicable to our business.

### Overview

TNF is a clinical stage pharmaceutical company committed to extending healthy lifespan. TNF is focused on developing and commercializing two therapeutic platforms based on well-defined therapeutic targets, Isomyosamine and Supera-CBD:

- Isomyosamine is a clinical stage small molecule that regulates the immunometabolic system to treat autoimmune disease, including (but not limited to) sarcopenia, frailty, adverse effects of drugs used to treat diabetes and obesity, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. The first indication for which Isomyosamine is being developed is to treat age-related frailty and sarcopenia. Isomyosamine works by regulating the release of numerous pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, interleukin 6 (“IL-6”) and interleukin 17 (“IL-17”)
- Supera-CBD is a synthetic analog of CBD being developed to treat various conditions, including, but not limited to, epilepsy, pain and anxiety/depression, through its effects on the CB2 receptor, opioid receptors and monoamine oxidase enzyme (“MAO”) type B.

The rights to Supera-CBDTM were previously owned by Supera Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Supera”) and were acquired by MyMD Florida (as defined below) immediately prior to the closing of the Merger (as defined below) that occurred in 2021.

### Going Concern

As of March 31, 2025, the Company’s cash on hand was $73,244 and marketable securities were $5,8015,331. The Company has incurred a net loss attributable to stockholders of $1,938,239 for the three months ended March 31, 2025. As of March 31, 2025, the Company had working capital of $1,840,793 and stockholders’ equity of $8,690,909 including an accumulated deficit of $131,076,525. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, cash flows used in operating activities were $2,640,240. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the next 12 months from the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2025, is dependent upon its ability to obtain additional capital financing. Through the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the Company has been primarily financed through the proceeds from the sale of preferred stock and Common Stock. In the event the Company does not complete a future offering of its preferred stock or Common Stock, the Company expects to seek additional funding through private equity or debt financings. The Company may not be able to obtain financing on acceptable terms, or at all. The issuance of additional equity would result in dilution to existing stockholders. If the Company is unable to obtain additional funds when they are needed or if such funds cannot be obtained on terms acceptable to the Company, the Company would be unable to execute upon the business plan or pay costs and expenses as they are incurred, which would have a material, adverse effect on the business, financial condition and results of operations. No assurance can be given that the Company will be successful in these efforts. The condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

### Nasdaq Deficiency

On March 17, 2025, the Company received a letter from the Listing Qualifications Department of Nasdaq indicating that, based upon the closing bid price of the Company’s Common Stock for the 30 consecutive business days between January 30, 2025, to March 14, 2025, the Company did not meet the minimum bid price of $1.00 per share required for continued listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2). The letter also indicated that the Company will be provided with a compliance period of 180 calendar days, or until September 15, 2025 (the “Compliance Period”), in which to regain compliance pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A).

In order to regain compliance with Nasdaq’s minimum bid price requirement, the Company’s Common Stock must maintain a minimum closing bid price of $1.00 for at least ten consecutive business days during the Compliance Period. In the event the Company does not regain compliance by the end of the Compliance Period, the Company may be eligible for an additional 180 calendar days to regain compliance. There can be no assurance that the Company will be eligible for the additional 180 calendar day compliance period, if applicable, or that the Nasdaq staff would grant the Company’s request for continued listing subsequent to any delisting notification. In the event of such a notification, the Company may appeal the Nasdaq staff’s determination to delist its securities.

### Financial Operations Overview

We will not generate revenue from product sales unless and until we successfully complete clinical development, obtain regulatory approval for, and successfully commercialize our Isomyosamine and Supera-CBD product candidates. The lengthy process of securing marketing approvals for new drugs requires the expenditure of substantial resources. Any significant delay or failure to obtain regulatory approvals would materially adversely affect our product candidate’s development efforts and our business overall. In addition, if we obtain regulatory approval for Isomyosamine and/or Supera-CBD, we expect to incur significant expenses related to developing our commercialization capability to support product sales, marketing, manufacturing and distribution activities.

We anticipate that our expenses will increase significantly as we:

- advance the development of our Isomyosamine and Supera-CBD;
- initiate and continue research and preclinical and clinical development of potential new product candidates;
- maintain, expand and protect our intellectual property as it pertains to Isomyosamine and Supera-CBD;
- expand our infrastructure and facilities to accommodate our growing employee base and ongoing development activities;
- establish agreements with contract research organizations, or CROs, and third-party contract manufacturing organizations, or CMOs, in connection with our Supera-CBD preclinical studies, Isomyosamine ongoing and planned clinical trials, Supera-CBD clinical trials and the development of our manufacturing capabilities for Isomyosamine and Supera-CBD;
- develop the large-scale manufacturing processes and capabilities for the commercialization of our Isomyosamine and Supera-CBD drug products;
- seek marketing approvals for our Isomyosamine and Supera-CBD product candidates that successfully complete clinical trials and
- establish a sales, marketing and distribution infrastructure to commercialize Isomyosamine and Supera-CBD should we obtain marketing approval

As a result of these anticipated expenditures, we will need substantial additional funding to support our continuing operations and pursue our growth strategy.

### Components of our Results of Operations

### Revenue

We have not generated any revenue from product sales and do not expect to generate any revenue from the sale of products in the near future. If our research and development efforts with Isomyosamine and Supera-CBD are successful, we may generate revenue from product sales or through license agreements with third parties.

### Operating Expenses

Our operating expenses are broken into several components, including research and development and general and administrative costs.

We expect operating expenses to increase as we progress through the various clinical trials in the development of Isomyosamine and Supera-CBD.

#### Research and Development

Our research and development expenses primarily consist of costs associated with the development of Isomyosamine and Supera-CBD. These costs include, but are not limited to:

- Contractual agreements with third parties including contract research organizations, preclinical activities and clinical trials;
- Outside consultants including fees and expenses;
- Laboratory supplies and equipment;
- Regulatory compliance; and
- Patent application and maintenance costs to protect our intellectual property.

None of our two employees are principally involved in research and development activities for either Isomyosamine or Supera-CBD. Their salaries, wages and benefits are captured as a component of research and development but not allocated to specific projects.

We utilize third party contractors and consultants with expertise in specific research or development activities to perform work under the supervision of our researchers. We believe this allows us to control costs and to progress through the development cycle and to utilize our staff more efficiently.

It is difficult to project with absolute accuracy the duration or final cost of the development of Isomyosamine and Super-CBD or if revenue will be generated from the commercialization of these components. The process of achieving regulatory approval is very costly and time consuming. A few of the many factors that contribute to costs of duration include:

- Size and scope of pre-clinical trials;
- The phases of clinical development and the stage of our product candidates in the cycle;
- Per subject trial costs;
- The number of sites required for the trials and the availability of appropriate sites to perform the trials;
- The time that is required to enroll the appropriate number of trial participants; and
- The time required to achieve the approval of regulatory agencies.

#### General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses primarily consist of salaries, wages and benefits for our employees in the executive, legal and accounting functions and third-party costs for legal, accounting, insurance, investor relations, stock market and board expenses.

Although treated as components of general and administrative expenses, we have chosen to disclose the following significant items separately:

#### Stock Based Compensation

Stock based compensation includes the fair market value, as determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, of stock options issued to key staff and consultants.

#### Other Income (Expense), net

Other income (expense), net consists of interest and dividends earned on our cash, cash equivalents, and investments, gains on the sale marketable securities, losses on equity investments, gains on the forgiveness of debt and an uninsured casualty loss.

### Results of Operations

### Summary of Statements of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024

We are focused on developing and commercializing two therapeutic platforms based on well-defined therapeutic targets, Isomyosamine and Supera-CBD. The following table summarized the results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

| Description Operating Expenses | For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 | 2024 |
| --- | ---: | ---: |
| General and Administrative | $841,685 | $1,068,320 |
| Research and Development | 1,545,513 | 1,198,938 |
| Stock-Based Compensation | 84,636 | 517,365 |
| Total Operating Expenses | 2,471,834 | 2,784,623 |
| Loss from Operations | (2,471,834) | (2,784,623) |
| Other Income (Expense), net | 1,347,091 | (7,015,418) |
| Net Loss | $(1,124,743) | $(9,800,041) |

### Revenue

We had no revenue from operations during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

### General and Administrative Expenses

The table below summarizes our general and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:

| Description | For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 | 2024 |
| --- | ---: | ---: |
| Personnel Costs | $110,631 | $190,071 |
| Professional Service Costs | 237,331 | 416,365 |
| Stock Market & Investor Relations Costs | 178,152 | 104,547 |
| Other Administrative Costs | 315,571 | 357,337 |
| Total Administrative Expense | $841,685 | $1,068,320 |

45

Personnel costs decreased $79,440 during the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company realized the impact of additional staff reductions that occurred between April and August 2024.

Professional services costs decreased $179,034 during the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024. These costs included legal, accounting, and specialized consulting services regularly incurred in the normal course of business. The decrease is primarily related to non-recurring legal and accounting expenses.

Stock market and investor relations costs increased $73,605 during the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024. These costs include the annual Nasdaq listing fees, transfer agent fees, activities related to keeping the stockholder base informed through press releases, presentations and other communication efforts, and the costs of annual stockholder meetings.

Other administrative expenses decreased $41,766 during the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024. These costs include Board expenses, business insurance, corporate travel and other general operating expenses. We incurred decreases in costs associated with most of the expenses in this category.

### Stock-Based Compensation

During the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, stock-based compensation totaled $84,636 and $517,365, respectively. These expenses include the amortization of the fair market value for stock options issued to directors, staff and service providers that were issued in June, 2023.

### Research and Development Expenses

The table below summarizes our research and development expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:

| Description | For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 | 2024 |
| --- | ---: | ---: |
| Salaries and Wages | $63,362 | $263,497 |
| Development Programs | 1,359,421 | 888,538 |
| Professional Services | 118,940 | 40,307 |
| Regulatory Expenses | - | - |
| Other Research and Development Expenses | 3,790 | 6,596 |
| Total Research and Development Expenses | $1,545,513 | $1,198,938 |

Salaries and wages decreased $200,135 during the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company realized the impact of additional staff reductions that occurred between April and August 2024.

Development program costs include those associated with pre-clinical development, clinical trials and other material and development programs. Costs increased $470,883 during the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024. The increase is related to the production of drug products, consulting fees and other costs associated with the Phase 2B study.

Professional services costs increased $78,883 during the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024. These costs are primarily related to consulting, legal and patent related fees associated with the protection of our intellectual property.

Other research and development expenses decreased $2,806 during the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024. These expenses include laboratory supplies, training and travel for department personnel while working with third-party trial sites.

### Other Income and Expense

The table below summarizes our other income and expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:

| Description | For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 | 2024 |
| --- | ---: | ---: |
| Interest and Dividend Income | $(62,512) | $(18,306) |
| Gain on Investments | (2,176) | (175) |
| Loss on changes in fair value of Equity Investments | 1,597 | 899 |
| Loss on changes in fair value of Warrant Liabilities | - | 7,094,000 |
| Gain on changes in fair value of Derivative Liabilities | (1,284,000) | (61,000) |
| Total Other (Income)/Expense | $(1,347,091) | $7,015,418 |

Other income, net of expenses totaled $63,091 and other expense, net of income totaled $7,015,418 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, interest and dividend income, the changes in fair value of our investments and realized gains from the sale of investments were primarily the result of current economic and market conditions and the availability of investable funds.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company recorded a loss of $7,094,000 related to the change in fair value of the warrant liabilities, which is recorded in other income (expense) on the Statements of Operations. The fair value of the warrants of approximately $8.0 million was estimated at March 31, 2024 utilizing the Black Scholes Model using the following weighted average assumptions: dividend yield 0%; remaining term of 3.9 years; equity volatility of 115.0%; and a risk-free interest rate of 4.31%.

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company recorded a gain of $1,284,000 related to the change in fair value of the derivative liabilities, which is recorded in other income (expense) on the Statements of Comprehensive Loss. The Company estimated the $0 fair value of the bifurcated embedded derivative at March 31, 2025 using a Monte Carlo simulation model, with the following inputs: the fair value of our Common Stock of $0.364 on the valuation date, estimated equity volatility of 110.0%, estimated traded volume volatility of 265.0%, the time to maturity of 0.25 years, a discounted market interest rate of 8.1%, dividend rate of 10.0%, a penalty dividend rate of 15.0%, and probability of default of 2.5%.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company recorded a gain of $61,000 related to the change in fair value of the derivative liabilities, which is recorded in other income (expense) on the Statements of Comprehensive Loss. The Company estimated the $0 fair value of the bifurcated embedded derivative at March 31, 2024 using a Monte Carlo simulation model, with the following inputs: the fair value of our Common Stock of $2.39 on the valuation date, estimated equity volatility of 95.0%, estimated traded volume volatility of 175.0%, the time to maturity of 0.25 years, a discounted market interest rate of 6.2%, dividend rate of 10.0%, a penalty dividend rate of 15.0%, and probability of default of 1.5%.

### Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of March 31, 2025, the Company’s cash on hand was $73,244 and marketable securities were $5,805,331. The Company has incurred a net loss attributable to stockholders of $1,938,239 for the three months ended March 31, 2025. As of March 31, 2025, the Company had working capital of $1,840,793 and stockholders’ equity of $8,690,909, including an accumulated deficit of $131,076,525. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, cash flows used in operating activities were $2,640,240, consisting primarily of a net loss of $1,124,743 and a gain on the fair value of derivatives of $1,284,000, and a decrease in trade and other payables of $308,478.

As of March 31, 2024, the Company’s cash on hand was $225,655 and marketable securities were $1,509,358. The Company has incurred a net loss attributable to stockholders of $11,001,908 for the three months ended March 31, 2024. As of March 31, 2024, the Company had working capital of $(1,512,851) and stockholders’ equity of $9,937,592, including an accumulated deficit of $112,978,975. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, cash flows used in operating activities were $1,757,199, consisting primarily of a net loss of $9,800,041 offset by reductions in trade and other payables of $145,014, prepaid expenses of $168,067, deferred compensation payable of $179,077, non-cash change in the fair value of the warrant liabilities of $7,094,000 and share based compensation of $517,365.

#### Operating Activities

Our net cash used in operating activities totaled $2,640,240 for the three months ended March 31, 2025, consisting primarily of a net loss of $1,124,743, a gain on the fair value of derivatives of $1,284,000, and a decrease of $308,478 in trade and other payables.

Our net cash used in operating activities totaled $1,757,199 for the three months ended March 31, 2024, consisting primarily of a net loss of $9,800,041 offset by reductions to various payables of $492,158, a non-cash change in the fair value of the warrant liabilities of $7,094,000, and share based compensation of $517,364.

#### Investing Activities

Our net cash provided by investing activities totaled $2,540,330 for the three months ended March 31, 2025. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, we purchased securities totaling $5,859,483 and sold securities totaling $8,399,813.

Our net cash provided by investing activities totaled $732,024 for the three months ended March 31, 2024. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, we purchased securities totaling $18,306 and sold securities totaling $750,330.

#### Financing Activities

Net cash consumed by financing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2025 was $0.

Net cash consumed by financing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2024 was $1,430,180 which consisted of payments for the redemption of Series F Convertible Preferred Stock and the related dividends and premiums.

#### February 2023 Offering

On February 21, 2023, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Series F Purchase Agreement”) with certain accredited investors (the “Series F Investors”), pursuant to which it agreed to sell to the Investors (i) an aggregate of 15,000 shares of the Company’s newly-designated Series F convertible preferred stock with a stated value of $1,000 per share, initially convertible into up to 6,651,885 shares (pre-split) of the Company’s Common Stock at an initial conversion price (the “Series F Conversion Price”) of $2.255 per share (pre-split), subject to adjustment (the “Series F Preferred Shares”), and (ii) warrants to acquire up to an aggregate of 6,651,885 shares (pre-split) of the Company’s Common Stock, subject to adjustment (the “Series F Warrants”) (collectively, the “February 2023 Offering”).

Following the Reverse Stock Split, (i) the Series F Conversion Price was adjusted to $3.18 per share pursuant to the terms of the Series F Certificate of Designations, which was subsequently amended and restated by the filing of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Designations of Series F Convertible Preferred Stock, effective April 8, 2024 (as amended and restated, the “Series F Certificate of Designations”) with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, and (ii) the exercise price of the Series F Warrants (the “Series F Exercise Price”) was adjusted to $3.18 per share. In connection with the Private Placements (as defined herein), (i) the Series F Conversion Price was further adjusted to $1.816 per share pursuant to the full ratchet anti-dilution provisions contained in the Series F Certificate of Designations and, (ii) the Series F Exercise Price was further adjusted to $1.816 per share. As of December 31, 2024, in connection with the issuance of shares of Common Stock upon conversion of the Series F-1 Preferred Shares (as defined herein), (i) the Series F Conversion Price was equal to $1.30 per share pursuant to the full ratchet anti-dilution provisions contained in the Series F Certificate of Designations and, (ii) the Series F Exercise Price was equal to $1.30 per share and the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Series F warrants was equal to 11,538,462 shares pursuant to the full ratchet anti-dilution provisions contained in the Series F Warrants. As of March 31, 2025, in connection with the issuance of shares of Common Stock upon conversion of the Series F-1 Preferred Shares (as defined herein), (i) the Series F Conversion Price was equal to $0.364 per share pursuant to the full ratchet anti-dilution provisions contained in the Series F Certificate of Designations and, (ii) the Series F Exercise Price was equal to $0.364 per share and the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Series F warrants was equal to 41,208,791 shares pursuant to the full ratchet anti-dilution provisions contained in the Series F Warrants.

At closing, we received net proceeds from the February 2023 Offering of approximately $14.1 million, after deducting various fees and expenses. We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering for general corporate purposes.

As of March 31, 2025, there were 3,840 Series F Preferred Shares outstanding and Series F Warrants outstanding to purchase up to 41,208,791 shares of Common Stock. As of March 31, 2025, Series F Conversion Price was $0.364.

#### Series F Convertible Preferred Stock

The Series F Preferred Shares became convertible upon issuance into Common Stock (the “Series F Conversion Shares”) at the election of the holder at any time at an initial conversion price of $2.255 (pre-split) (as adjusted, the “Series F Conversion Price”). The Series F Conversion Price is subject to customary adjustments for stock dividends, stock splits, reclassifications and the like, and subject to price-based adjustment in the event of any issuances of Common Stock, or securities convertible, exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock, at a price below the then-applicable Series F Conversion Price (subject to certain exceptions). Following the Reverse Stock Split, the Series F Conversion Price was adjusted to $3.18 per share pursuant to the terms of the Certificate of Designations of Series F Convertible Preferred Stock, which was subsequently amended and restated by the filing of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Designations of Series F Convertible Preferred Stock, effective April 8, 2024 (as amended and restated, the “Series F Certificate of Designations”) with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware. The Series F Conversion Price was further adjusted to $0.364 per share as of March 31, 2025, pursuant to the full ratchet anti-dilutive provisions contained in the Series F Certificate of Designations in connection with the issuance of shares of Common Stock upon conversion of the Series F-1 Preferred Stock (as defined herein).

Prior to the Series F Certificate of Amendment (as defined below), the Company was initially required to redeem the Series F Preferred Shares in 12 equal monthly installments, commencing on July 1, 2023. The amortization payments due upon such redemption are payable, at the Company’s election, in cash, or subject to certain limitations, in shares of Common Stock valued at the lower of (i) the Series F Conversion Price then in effect and (ii) the greater of (A) 80% of the average of the three lowest closing prices of the Company’s Series F Common Stock during the thirty trading day period immediately prior to the date the amortization payment is due or (B) a “Floor Price” of $6.60 on a post-split basis (subject to adjustment for stock splits, stock dividends, stock combinations, recapitalizations or other similar events) or, in any case, such lower amount as permitted, from time to time, by the Nasdaq Stock Market.

On April 5, 2024, the Company entered into an Omnibus Waiver and Amendment (the “Omnibus Agreement”) with the Required Holders (as defined in the Series F Certificate of Designations). Pursuant to the Omnibus Agreement, the Required Holders agreed (i) to defer payment of the monthly installment amounts due on March 1, 2024, and April 1, 2024 (the “Installments”), under Section 9(a) of the Series F Certificate of Designations, until May 1, 2024, and (ii) to waive any breach or violation of the Series F Purchase Agreement, the Series F Certificate of Designations, or the Series F Warrants resulting from missing the Installments. The Company may require holders to convert their Series F Preferred Shares into shares of Common Stock if the closing price of the Common Stock exceeds $6.765 per share (as adjusted for the Reverse Stock Split) (subject to adjustment for stock splits, stock dividends, stock combinations, recapitalizations or other similar events) for 20 consecutive trading days and the daily dollar trading volume of the Common Stock exceeds $3,000,000 per day during the same period and certain equity conditions described in the Series F Certificate of Designations are satisfied.

On May 20, 2024, the Company entered into an Omnibus Waiver, Consent, Notice and Amendment (the “May 2024 Series F Agreement”) with the Required Holders (as defined in the Series F Certificate of Designations). Pursuant to the May 2024 Series F Agreement, the Required Holders agreed to (i) amend the Series F Purchase Agreement to amend certain terms relating to purchase rights thereunder, (ii) waive certain rights under the Series F Purchase Agreement and Series F Certificate of Designations in respect of the issuance of the Company’s Series F-1 Convertible Preferred Stock, with a par value of $0.001 per share and a stated value of $1,000 per share (“Series F-1 Preferred Stock”), the Company’s Series G Convertible Preferred Stock, with a par value of $0.001 per share and a stated value of $1,000 per share (“Series G Preferred Stock”), and entrance by the Company into the Purchase Agreements (as defined herein), (iii) waive the requirement that the Company reserve for issuance a sufficient number of shares of Common Stock as required by the Series F Certificate of Designations, the Series F Purchase Agreement and Series F Warrants, until such time as the Company obtains the Stockholder Approval (as defined herein), and (iv) consent to the issuance of the Series F-1 Preferred Stock and Series G Preferred Stock as required pursuant to certain terms of the Series F Certificate of Designations, the Series F Purchase Agreement and the Series F Warrants, as applicable. The Company and the Required Holders further agreed pursuant to the May 2024 Series F Agreement, to amend the Series F Certificate of Designations by filing a Certificate of Amendment to the Series F Certificate of Designations (the “Series F Certificate of Amendment”) with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware. The Series F Certificate of Amendment amends the Series F Certificate of Designations to (i) extend the maturity date to December 31, 2024, (ii) permit and modify certain procedures related to the payment of installment amounts with respect to the Installment Dates (as defined in the Series F Certificate of Designations) falling between (and including) July 1, 2024, and (and including) August 1, 2024, thereunder, and (iii) modify the schedule of Installment Dates.

On November 7, 2024, each holder of the Series F Preferred Shares agreed that payment by the Company of any Installment Amounts (as defined in the Series F Certificate of Designations) that are accrued and are unredeemed, unconverted and/or otherwise unpaid as of November 7, 2024, will be deferred until December 1, 2024.

On April 8, 2025, the Company entered into an Omnibus Amendment Agreement (“April 2025 Amendment Agreement”) with the Required Holders (as defined in the Series F Certificate of Designations and Series F-1 Certificate of Designations), pursuant to which, the Required Holders agreed to amend (i) the Series F-1 Certificate of Designations, as described below, by filing a Certificate of Amendment to the Series F-1 Certificate of Designations with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware (the “April 2025 Series F-1 Certificate of Amendment”), (ii) the Series F Certificate of Designations, as described below, by filing a Certificate of Amendment to the Series F Certificate of Designations with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware (the “April 2025 Series F Certificate of Amendment”), (iii) the Series F-1 Purchase Agreement, to amend the definition of “Excluded Securities” such that the definition includes the issuance of Common Stock issued after the date of the Seres F-1 Purchase Agreement pursuant to an Approved Stock Plan (as defined in the Series F-1 Purchase Agreement), which in the aggregate does not exceed more than 2% of the shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding as of the date of such issuance (the “Excluded Securities Modification”), and (iv) to amend the term of the Series F-1 Short-Term Warrants to be five years from the date of issuance. In addition, in consideration of the foregoing, the Company agreed to reduce the size of the board of directors of the Company to no more than six directors, no later than the Company’s 2025 annual meeting of stockholders.

The April 2025 Series F Certificate of Amendment amends the Series F Certificate of Designations to (A) (i) extend the maturity date to June 30, 2025, and (ii) modify the schedule of Installment Dates (as defined in the Series F Certificate of Designations), in each case, effective as of December 31, 2024, and (B) subject to obtaining the approval of the Company’s stockholders, effective January 1, 2025, increase the aggregate Stated Value of the Series F Preferred Shares outstanding to an amount equal to 110% of the aggregate Stated Value of the Series F Preferred Shares outstanding. The April 2025 Series F Certificate of Amendment was filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, effective as of April 8, 2025.

The holders of the Series F Preferred Shares are entitled to dividends of 10% per annum, compounded monthly, which is payable in cash or shares of Common Stock at the Company’s option, in accordance with the terms of the Series F Certificate of Designations. Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of a Triggering Event (as defined in the Series F Certificate of Designations), the Series F Preferred Shares accrue dividends at the rate of 15% per annum. Upon conversion or redemption, the holders of the Series F Preferred Shares are also entitled to receive a dividend make-whole payment. Except as required by applicable law, the holders of the Series F Preferred Shares are entitled to vote with holders of the Common Stock on as as-converted basis, with the number of votes to which each holder of Series F Preferred Shares is entitled to be calculated assuming a conversion price of $60.21 per share, which was the Minimum Price (as defined in Rule 5635 of the Rule of the Nasdaq Stock Market) applicable immediately before the execution and delivery of the Series F Purchase Agreement, subject to certain beneficial ownership limitations as set forth in the Series F Certificate of Designations. The Series F Certificate of Designations further provides that the holders of record of the Series F Preferred Shares, exclusively and as a separate class, shall be entitled to elect one director of the Company one time on or before June 30, 2024. Effective as of April 8, 2024, the Company appointed Dr. Mitchell Glass to serve as a member of the Company’s board of directors, with Dr. Glass having been elected to such position by the holders of the Series F Preferred Share.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company’s ability to settle conversions and make amortization and dividend make-whole payments using shares of Common Stock is subject to certain limitations set forth in the Series F Certificate of Designations. Further, the Series F Certificate of Designations contains a certain beneficial ownership limitation after giving effect to the issuance of shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of, or as part of any amortization payment or dividend make-whole payment under, the Series F Certificate of Designations or Series F Warrants.

#### Series F Common Stock Warrants

Pursuant to the February 2023 Offering, the Company issued to investors the Series F Warrants to purchase 4,716,904 shares of Common Stock, with an initial exercise price of $3.18 per share (subject to adjustment), for a period of five years from the date of issuance. The Series F Exercise Price and the number of shares issuable upon exercise of the Series F Warrants are subject to customary adjustments for stock dividends, stock splits, reclassifications and the like, and subject to price-based adjustment, on a “full ratchet” basis, in the event of any issuances of Common Stock, or securities convertible, exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock, at a price below the then-applicable Series F Exercise Price (subject to certain exceptions). Upon any such price-based adjustment to the exercise price, the number of shares issuable upon exercise of the Series F Warrants will be increased proportionately. As of March 31, 2025, the Series F Exercise Price was equal to $0.364 per share and the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Series F Warrants was equal to 41,208,791 shares pursuant to the full ratchet anti-dilution provisions contained in the Series F Warrants.

On May 14, 2024, the Company entered into an Amendment (the “Series F Warrant Amendment”) with the Series F Investors in the February 2023 Offering, effective as of March 31, 2024. The Series F Warrant Amendment modified certain terms of the Series F Warrants relating to the rights of the holders of the Series F Warrants to provide that, in the event of a Fundamental Transaction (as defined in the Series F Warrants) that is not within the Company’s control, including the Fundamental Transaction not being approved by the Company’s Board of Directors, the holder of the Series F Warrant shall only be entitled to receive from the Company or any successor entity the same type or form of consideration (and in the same proportion), at the Black Scholes Value of the unexercised portion of such Series F Warrant, that is being offered and paid to the holders of the Company’s common stock in connection with the Fundamental Transaction, whether that consideration be in the form of cash, stock or any combination thereof, or whether the holders of Common Stock are given the choice to receive from among alternative forms of consideration in connection with the Fundamental Transaction; provided, further, that if holders of Common Stock of the Company are not offered or paid any consideration in such Fundamental Transaction, such holders of Common Stock will be deemed to have received common stock of the successor entity (which such successor entity may be the Company following such Fundamental Transaction) in such Fundamental Transaction. The modification resulted in the reclassification of the Series F Warrants to be considered equity classified as they were no longer in the scope of ASC 815. In accordance with ASC 815-40, the Company remeasured the Series F Warrant liabilities at $7,961,000 fair value as of March 31, 2024, the effective date of the modification, and recognized the $7,094,000 loss on the change in fair value and reclassified the $7,961,000 fair value of the Series F Warrants to additional paid-in capital as of March 31, 2024.

#### Series F-1 Private Placement

On May 20, 2024, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Series F-1 Purchase Agreement”) with certain accredited investors (the “Series F-1 Investors”) pursuant to which it agreed to sell to the Series F-1 Investors (i) an aggregate of 5,050 shares of the Company’s newly-designated Series F-1 Preferred Stock, initially convertible into up to 2,780,839 shares of Common Stock at a conversion price (the “Series F-1 Conversion Price”) of $1.816 per share, (ii) short-term warrants to acquire up to an aggregate of 2,780,839 shares of Common Stock (the “Series F-1 Short-Term Warrants”) at an exercise price of $1.816 per share, and (iii) long-term warrants to acquire up to an aggregate of 2,780,839 shares of Common Stock (the “Series F-1 Long-Term Warrants,” and collectively with the Series F-1 Short-Term Warrants, the “Series F-1 Warrants”) at an exercise price of $1.816 per share (collectively, the “Series F-1 Private Placement”). The closing of the Series F-1 Private Placement occurred on May 23, 2024 (the “Series F-1 Closing Date”).

As of March 31, 2025, in connection with the issuance of shares of Common Stock upon conversion of the Series F-1 Preferred Stock, (i) the Series F-1 Conversion Price was equal to $0.364 per share pursuant to the full ratchet anti-dilution provisions contained in the Series F-1 Certificate of Designations and, (ii) the exercise price of the Series F-1 Warrants was equal to $0.364 per share and the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Series F-1 Warrants was equal to 27,747,252 shares pursuant to the full ratchet anti-dilution provisions contained in the Series F-1 Warrants.

We received net proceeds from the Series F-1 Private Placement of approximately $5.0 million, after deducting various fees and expenses. We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering for general corporate purposes.

As of December 31, 2024, there were 4,747 shares of Series F-1 Preferred Stock outstanding, Series F-1 Short-Term Warrants outstanding to purchase up to 3,884,615 shares of Common Stock and Series F-1 Long-Term Warrants outstanding to purchase up to 3,884,615 shares of Common Stock. As of December 31, 2024, the Series F-1 Conversion Price was equal to $1.30 and as of March 4, 2025, the Series F-1 Conversion Price was adjusted to $0.364.

#### Series F-1 Preferred Stock

The Series F-1 Preferred Stock became convertible upon issuance into Common Stock (the “Series F-1 Conversion Shares”) at the election of the holder at any time at the initial conversion price of $1.816. The Series F-1 Conversion Price is subject to customary adjustments for stock dividends, stock splits, reclassifications and the like, and subject to price-based adjustment in the event of any issuances of Common Stock, or securities convertible, exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock, at a price below the then-applicable Series F-1 Conversion Price (subject to certain exceptions).

The Company is required to redeem the Series F-1 Preferred Stock in seven (7) equal monthly installments, commencing on December 1, 2024. The amortization payments due upon such redemption are payable, at the Company’s election, in cash at 105% of the applicable Installment Redemption Amount (as defined in the Series F-1 Certificate of Designations), or subject to certain limitations, in shares of Common Stock valued at the lower of (i) the Series F-1 Conversion Price then in effect and (ii) the greater of (A) 80% of the average of the three lowest closing prices of the Company’s Common Stock during the thirty consecutive trading day period ending and including the trading day immediately prior to the date the amortization payment is due or (B) $0.364, which is 20% of the “Minimum Price” (as defined in Nasdaq Stock Market Rule 5635) on the date in which the Series F-1 Stockholder Approval (as defined herein) was obtained or, in any case, such lower amount as permitted, from time to time, by the Nasdaq Capital Market, and, in each case, subject to adjustment for stock splits, stock dividends, stock combinations, recapitalizations or other similar events, which amortization amounts are subject to certain adjustments as set forth in the Series F-1 Certificate of Designations (the “Series F-1 Floor Price”).

The holders of the Series F-1 Preferred Stock are entitled to dividends of 10% per annum, compounded monthly, which are payable in arrears monthly in cash or shares of Common Stock at the Company’s option, in accordance with the terms of the Series F-1 Certificate of Designations. Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of a Triggering Event (as defined in the Series F-1 Certificate of Designations), the Series F-1 Preferred Stock will accrue dividends at the rate of 15% per annum. Upon conversion or redemption, the holders of the Series F-1 Preferred Stock are also entitled to receive a dividend make-whole payment. The holders of the Series F-1 Preferred Stock are entitled to vote with holders of the Common Stock on as as-converted basis, with the number of votes to which each holder of Series F-1 Preferred Stock is entitled to be calculated assuming a conversion price of $2.253 per share, which was the Minimum Price (as defined in Rule 5635 of the Rule of the Nasdaq Stock Market) applicable immediately before the execution and delivery of the Series F-1 Purchase Agreement, subject to certain beneficial ownership limitations as set forth in the Series F-1 Certificate of Designations.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company’s ability to settle conversions and make amortization and dividend make-whole payments using shares of Common Stock is subject to certain limitations set forth in the Series F-1 Certificate of Designations. Further, the Series F-1 Certificate of Designations contains a certain beneficial ownership limitation after giving effect to the issuance of shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of, or as part of any amortization payment or dividend make-whole payment under, the Series F-1 Certificate of Designations or Series F-1 Warrants.

#### Series F-1 Warrants

Pursuant to the Series F-1 Private Placement, the Company issued to investors (i) the Series F-1 Long-Term Warrants to purchase 2,780,839 shares of Common Stock, with an initial exercise price of $1.816 per share (subject to adjustment), for a period of five years from the date of issuance and (ii) the Series F-1 Short-Term Warrants to purchase 2,780,839 shares of Common Stock, with an initial exercise price of $1.816 per share (subject to adjustment), for a period of eighteen months from the date of issuance. As of March 31,2025, the Series F-1 Exercise Price was adjusted to $0.364 per share pursuant to the full ratchet anti-dilution provisions contained in the Series F-1 Warrants.

Pursuant to the April 2025 Amendment Agreement, the Series F-1 Short-Term Warrants were extended to expire five years from the date of issuance.

The exercise price of the Series F-1 Warrants and the number of shares issuable upon exercise of the Series F-1 Warrants are subject to customary adjustments for stock dividends, stock splits, reclassifications and the like, and subject to price-based adjustment, on a “full ratchet” basis, in the event of any issuances of Common Stock, or securities convertible, exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock, at a price below the then-applicable exercise price (subject to certain exceptions). Upon any such price-based adjustment to the exercise price, the number of shares issuable upon exercise of the Series F-1 Warrants will be increased proportionately. As of March 31, 2025, the Series F Exercise Price was adjusted to $0.364 per share and the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Series F Warrants was adjusted proportionally to 27,747,252 shares pursuant to the full ratchet anti-dilution provisions contained in the Series F Warrants.

On August 16, 2024, the Company entered into (i) an Amendment (the “Series F-1 Long Term Warrant Amendment”) with the Series F-1 Investors, effective as of June 30, 2024 relating to the Series F-1 Long Term Warrants, and (ii) an Amendment (the “Series F-1 Short Term Warrant Amendment” and, together with the Series F-1 Long Term Warrant Amendment, the “Series F-1 Warrant Amendments”) with the Series F-1 Investors, effective as of June 30, 2024 relating to the Series F-1 Short Term Warrants. The Series F-1 Warrant Amendments modified certain terms of the Series F-1 Warrants relating to the rights of the holders of the Series F-1 Warrants to provide that, in the event of a Fundamental Transaction (as defined in the Series F-1 Warrants) that is not within the Company’s control, including the Fundamental Transaction not being approved by the Company’s Board of Directors, the holder of the Series F-1 Warrant shall only be entitled to receive from the Company or any successor entity the same type or form of consideration (and in the same proportion), at the Black Scholes Value of the unexercised portion of such Series F-1 Warrant, that is being offered and paid to the holders of the Company’s Common Stock in connection with the Fundamental Transaction, whether that consideration be in the form of cash, stock or any combination thereof, or whether the holders of Common Stock are given the choice to receive from among alternative forms of consideration in connection with the Fundamental Transaction; provided, further, that if holders of Common Stock of the Company are not offered or paid any consideration in such Fundamental Transaction, such holders of Common Stock will be deemed to have received common stock of the successor entity (which such successor entity may be the Company following such Fundamental Transaction). Additionally, the Series F-1 Warrant Amendments amend the definition of Black Scholes Value related to the volatility input which is now an expected volatility equal to the 30 day volatility, obtained from the “HVT” function on Bloomberg (determined utilizing a 365 day annualization factor) as of the trading day immediately following the earliest to occur of (1) the public disclosure of the applicable Fundamental Transaction and (2) the date of a holder’s request. The modification resulted in the reclassification of the Series F-1 Warrants to be considered equity classified as they were no longer in the scope of ASC 815.

#### Series G Private Placement

On May 20, 2024, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Series G Purchase Agreement” and collectively with the Series F-1 Purchase Agreement, each a “Purchase Agreement” and collectively, the “Purchase Agreements”) with certain accredited investors (the “Series G Investors” and collectively with the Series F-1 Investors, the “Investors”), with certain accredited investors (the “Series G Investors”), pursuant to which it agreed to sell to the Series G Investors (i) an aggregate of 8,950 shares of the Company’s newly-designated Series G Preferred Stock, initially convertible into up to 4,928,416 shares of the Company’s Common Stock, at an initial conversion price (the “Series G Conversion Price”) of $1.816 per share (ii) short-term warrants to acquire up to an aggregate of 4,928,416 shares of Common Stock (the “Series G Short-Term Warrants”) at an exercise price of $1.816 per share, and (iii) long-term warrants to acquire up to an aggregate of 4,928,416 shares of Common Stock (the “Series G Long-Term Warrants,” and collectively with the Series G Short-Term Warrants, the “Series G Warrants”) at an initial exercise price (the “Series G Exercise Price”) of $1.816 per share (collectively, the “Series G Private Placement” and collectively with the Series F-1 Private Placement, each a “Private Placement” and collectively, the “Private Placements”). The closing of the Series G Private Placement occurred on May 23, 2024 (the “Series G Closing Date” and collectively with the Series F-1 Closing Date, the “Closing Date”).

As of March 31, 2025, in connection with the issuance of shares of Common Stock upon conversion of the Series F-1 Preferred Stock, (i) the Series G Conversion Price was equal to $0.364 per share due to the full ratchet anti-dilution provisions contained in the Series G Certificate of Designations and, (ii) the exercise price of the Series G Warrants was equal to $0.364 per share and the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Series G Short Term Warrants was equal to 24,587,913 shares and the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Series G Short Long Warrants was equal to 24,587,913 shares, in each case, pursuant to the full ratchet anti-dilution provisions contained in the Series G Warrants.

We received net proceeds from the Series G Private Placement of approximately $8.9 million, after deducting various fees and expenses. We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering for general corporate purposes.

As of December 31, 2024, there were 8,884 shares of Series G Preferred Stock outstanding, Series G Short-Term Warrants outstanding to purchase up to 6,884,615 shares of Common Stock, and Series G Long-Term Warrants outstanding to purchase up to 6,884,615 shares of Common Stock. As of December 31, 2024, the Series G Conversion Price was equal to $1.30 and on March 4, 2025, the Series G Conversion Price was adjusted to $0.364.

#### Series G Preferred Stock

The Series G Preferred Shares became convertible upon issuance into Common Stock (the “Series G Conversion Shares”) at the election of the holder at any time at an initial conversion price of $1.816 (the “Series G Conversion Price”). The Series G Conversion Price is subject to customary adjustments for stock dividends, stock splits, reclassifications and the like, and subject to price-based adjustment in the event of any issuances of Common Stock, or securities convertible, exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock, at a price below the then-applicable Series G Conversion Price (subject to certain exceptions). As of March 31,2025, the Series G Exercise Price was adjusted to $0.364 per share pursuant to the full ratchet anti-dilution provisions contained in the Series G Warrants.

At any time after the issuance date of the Series G Preferred Shares, the Company has the option to redeem in cash all or any portion of the shares of Series G Preferred Shares then outstanding at a premium upon notice by the Company to all holders of the Series G Preferred Shares.

The holders of the Series G Preferred Shares will be entitled to dividends of 10% per annum, compounded monthly, which will be payable in arrears monthly, at the holder’s options, (i) in cash, (ii) “in kind” in the form of additional shares of Series G Preferred Shares (the “PIK Shares”), or (iii) in a combination thereof, in each case, in accordance with the terms of the Certificate of Designations of the Series G Preferred Shares (the “Series G Certificate of Designations”). Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of a Triggering Event (as defined in the Series G Certificate of Designations), the Series G Preferred Stock will accrue dividends at the rate of 15% per annum. Upon conversion or redemption, the holders of the Series G Preferred Shares are also entitled to receive a dividend make-whole payment. The holders of the Series G Preferred Shares will be entitled to vote with holders of the Common Stock on as as-converted basis, with the number of votes to which each holder of Series G Preferred Share is entitled to be calculated assuming a conversion price of $2.253 per share, which was the Minimum Price (as defined in Rule 5635 of the Rule of the Nasdaq Stock Market) applicable immediately before the execution and delivery of the Series G Purchase Agreement, subject to certain beneficial ownership limitations as set forth in the Series G Certificate of Designations. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded dividends totaling $559,032 and $0, respectively, which are reported as Series G Preferred Stock Dividends on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company’s ability to settle conversions and make dividend make-whole payments using shares of Common Stock is subject to certain limitations set forth in the Series G Certificate of Designations. Further, the Series G Certificate of Designations contains a certain beneficial ownership limitation, which applies to each Series G Investor, other than PharmaCyte Biotech, Inc., after giving effect to the issuance of shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Series G Preferred Shares or as part of any dividend make-whole payment under the Series G Certificate of Designations.

On June 17, 2024, the Company entered into an Amendment Agreement (the “Series G Amendment”) with the Required Holders (as defined in the Series G Certificate of Designations). Pursuant to the Series G Amendment, the Required Holders agreed to amend the Series G Certificate of Designations by filing a Certificate of Amendment (“Series G Certificate of Amendment”) to the Series G Certificate of Designations with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware (the “Secretary of State”) to increase the number of authorized shares of Series G Preferred Stock from 8,950 to 12,826,273, in order to authorize a sufficient number of shares of Series G Preferred Stock for the payment of PIK Shares. On June 17, 2024, the Company filed the Series G Certificate of Amendment with the Secretary of State, thereby amending the Series G Certificate of Designations. The Series G Certificate of Amendment became effective with the Secretary of State upon filing.

On August 8, 2024, the Company entered into an Amendment Agreement (the “August Series G Amendment”) with the Required Holders (as defined in the Series G Certificate of Designations). Pursuant to the August Series G Amendment, the Required Holders agreed to amend the Series G Certificate of Designations by filing a Certificate of Amendment (“August Series G Certificate of Amendment”) to the Series G Certificate of Designations with the Secretary of State to adjust the calculation of the PIK Shares. On August 8, 2024, the Company filed the August Series G Certificate of Amendment with the Secretary of State, thereby amending the Series G Certificate of Designations. The August Series G Certificate of Amendment became effective with the Secretary of State upon filing.

#### Series G Warrants

Pursuant to the Series G Private Placement, the Company issued to investors (i) the Series G Long-Term Warrants to purchase 4,928,416 shares of Common Stock, with an initial exercise price of $1.816 per share (subject to adjustment), for a period of five years from the date of issuance and (ii) the Series G Short-Term Warrants to purchase 4,928,416 shares of Common Stock, with an initial exercise price of $1.816 per share (subject to adjustment), for a period of eighteen months from the date of issuance. As of December 31, 2024, the Series G Exercise Price was adjusted to $1.30 per share and the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Series G Warrants was adjusted proportionally to 13,769,230 shares pursuant to the full ratchet anti-dilution provisions contained in the Series G Warrants.

The exercise price of the Series G Warrants and the number of shares issuable upon exercise of the Series G Warrants are subject to customary adjustments for stock dividends, stock splits, reclassifications and the like, and subject to price-based adjustment, on a “full ratchet” basis, in the event of any issuances of Common Stock, or securities convertible, exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock, at a price below the then-applicable exercise price (subject to certain exceptions). Upon any such price-based adjustment to the exercise price, the number of shares issuable upon exercise of the Series G Warrants will be increased proportionately.

On August 16, 2024, the Company entered into (i) an Amendment (the “Series G Long Term Warrant Amendment”) with the Series G Investors, effective as of June 30, 2024, relating to the Series G Long Term Warrants, and (ii) an Amendment (the “Series G Short Term Warrant Amendment” and, together with the Series G Long Term Warrant Amendment, the “Series G Warrant Amendments”) with the Series G Investors, effective as of June 30, 2024, relating to the Series G Short Term Warrants. The Series G Warrant Amendments modified certain terms of the Series G Warrants relating to the rights of the holders of the Series G Warrants to provide that, in the event of a Fundamental Transaction (as defined in the Series G Warrants) that is not within the Company’s control, including the Fundamental Transaction not being approved by the Company’s Board of Directors, the holder of the Series G Warrant shall only be entitled to receive from the Company or any successor entity the same type or form of consideration (and in the same proportion), at the Black Scholes Value (as defined in the Series G Warrants) of the unexercised portion of such Series G Warrant, that is being offered and paid to the holders of the Company’s Common Stock in connection with the Fundamental Transaction, whether that consideration be in the form of cash, stock or any combination thereof, or whether the holders of Common Stock are given the choice to receive from among alternative forms of consideration in connection with the Fundamental Transaction; provided, further, that if holders of Common Stock of the Company are not offered or paid any consideration in such Fundamental Transaction, such holders of Common Stock will be deemed to have received common stock of the successor entity (which such successor entity may be the Company following such Fundamental Transaction). Additionally, the Series G Warrant Amendments amend the definition of Black Scholes Value related to the volatility input which is now an expected volatility equal to the 60 day volatility, obtained from the “HVT” function on Bloomberg (determined utilizing a 365 day annualization factor) as of the trading day immediately following the earliest to occur of (1) the public disclosure of the applicable Fundamental Transaction and (2) the date of a holder’s request. The modification resulted in the reclassification of the Series G Warrants to be considered equity classified as they were no longer in the scope of ASC 815.

#### Registration Rights Agreements

In connection with the Series F-1 Private Placement, the Company entered into a Registration Rights Agreement with the Series F-1 Investors (the “Series F-1 Registration Rights Agreement,”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to file a resale registration statement (the “Series F-1 Registration Statement”) with the SEC to register for resale (A) 200% of the Series F-1 Conversion Shares and (B) 200% of the Series F-1 Warrant Shares promptly following the Closing Date, but in no event later than 30 calendar days after the Closing Date, and to have such Series F-1 Registration Statement declared effective by the Effectiveness Deadline (as defined in the Series F-1 Registration Rights Agreement).

In connection with the Series G Private Placement, the Company entered into a Registration Rights Agreement with the Series G Investors (the “Series G Registration Rights Agreement” and, together with the Series F-1 Registration Rights Agreement, the “Registration Rights Agreements”) pursuant to which the Company agreed to file a resale registration statement (the “Series G Registration Statement”) with the SEC to register for resale (A) 200% of the Series G Conversion Shares, (B) 200% of the shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the PIK Shares, and (C) 200% of the Series G Warrant Shares promptly following the Closing Date, but in no event later than 30 calendar days after the Closing Date, and to have such Series G Registration Statement declared effective by the Effectiveness Deadline (as defined in the Series G Registration Rights Agreement).

In connection with the Registration Rights Agreements, the Company filed a registration statement on Form S-3 covering such securities, which registration statement was filed on June 21, 2024, amended on August 8, 2024 and declared effective by the SEC on August 12, 2024. Under the Series F-1 Registration Rights Agreement, the Company is obligated to pay certain liquidated damages to the Series F-1 Investors if the Company, among other things, failed to file the Series F-1 Registration Statement when required, failed to file or cause the Series F-1 Registration Statement to be declared effective by the SEC when required, or fails to maintain the effectiveness of the Series F-1 Registration Statement.

#### Private Placement Warrants

In connection with the Private Placements, pursuant to (A) an engagement letter (the “GPN Agreement”) with GP Nurmenkari Inc. (“GPN”) and (B) an engagement letter (the “Palladium Agreement,” and collectively with the GPN Agreement, the “Engagement Letters”) with Palladium Capital Group, LLC (“Palladium,” and collectively with GPN, the “Placement Agents”), the Company engaged the Placement Agents to act as non-exclusive placement agents in connection with each Private Placement, pursuant to which, the Company agreed to (i) pay the Placement Agents a cash fee equal to 3% of the gross proceeds of each Private Placement (including any cash proceeds realized by the Company from the exercise of the Series F Warrants), (ii) reimbursement and payment of certain expenses, and (iii) issue to the Placement Agents on the Closing Date, warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 693,833 of shares of Common Stock to each Placement Agent, which is equal to 3% of the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock underlying the securities issued in each Private Placement, including upon exercise of any Series F Warrants, with terms identical to the Series G Long-Term Warrants and Series F-1 Long-Term Warrants.

#### Nasdaq Stockholder Approval

The Company’s ability to issue Series F-1 Conversion Shares and Series G Conversion Shares and Series F-1 Warrant Shares and Series G Warrant Shares using shares of Common Stock is subject to certain limitations set forth in the Series F-1 Certificate of Designations and Series G Certificate of Designations, as applicable. Prior to the Nasdaq Stockholder Approval (as defined below), such limitations included a limit on the number of shares that could be issued until the time that the Company’s stockholders have approved the issuance of more than 19.99% of the Company’s outstanding shares of Common Stock in accordance with the rules of the Nasdaq Stock Market. Each Purchase Agreement requires the Company to hold a meeting of its stockholders no later than August 1, 2024, to seek approval (the “Stockholder Approval”) (i) under Nasdaq Stock Market Rule 5635(d) for the issuance of shares of Common Stock in excess of 19.99% of the Company’s issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock at prices below the “Minimum Price” (as defined in Rule 5635 of the Rules of the Nasdaq Stock Market) on the date of the applicable Purchase Agreement pursuant to the terms of the Series F-1 Preferred Shares and Series G Preferred Shares, as applicable, and the Series G Warrants and Series F-1 Warrants, as applicable, and (ii) to increase the number of authorized shares of the Company to ensure that the number of authorized shares of Common Stock is sufficient to meet the Required Reserve Amount (as defined in the Purchase Agreements) pursuant to the terms of each Purchase Agreement. The Company received the Nasdaq Stockholder Approval at a special meeting of stockholders held on July 24, 2024.

### Critical Accounting Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions about future events that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Future events and their effects cannot be determined with absolute certainty. Therefore, the determination of estimates requires the exercise of judgment. Actual results inevitably will differ from those estimates, and such differences may be material to the financial statements. The most significant accounting estimates inherent in the preparation of our financial statements include estimates associated with the determinations of the fair-market value of the preferred stock, stock-based compensation, and the impairment analysis of intangibles.

Our financial position, results of operations and cash flows are impacted by the accounting policies we have adopted. In order to get a full understanding of our financial statements, one must have a clear understanding of the accounting policies employed. A summary of our critical accounting policies is presented within the notes to our consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Our management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of our financial statements and related disclosures requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, costs and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in our financial statements. These items are monitored and analyzed by us for changes in facts and circumstances, and material changes in these estimates could occur in the future. We base our estimates on historical experience, known trends and events, and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Our actual results may materially differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Our critical accounting estimates have not changed materially from those previously reported in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, as filed with the SEC on April 11, 2025.

## Market risk

As filed, 182 characters.

There has been no default in the payment of principal, interest, sinking or purchase fund installment, or any other material default, with respect to any indebtedness of the Company.

## Controls and procedures

As filed, 1,221 characters.

### Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, after evaluating the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, have concluded that, based on such evaluation, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

### Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our last fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2025 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

## Risk factors

As filed, 5,118 characters.

The following description of risk factors includes any material changes to, and supersedes the description of, risk factors associated with our business, financial condition and results of operations previously disclosed in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” of our Annual Report for the year ended December 31, 2024 on Form 10-K, as filed with the SEC on April 11, 2025. Our business, financial condition and operating results can be affected by a number of factors, whether currently known or unknown, including but not limited to those described below, any one or more of which could, directly or indirectly, cause our actual financial condition and operating results to vary materially from past, or from anticipated future, financial condition and operating results. Any of these factors, in whole or in part, could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, operating results and stock price.

The following discussion of risk factors contains forward-looking statements. These risk factors may be important to understanding other statements in this Form 10-Q. The following information should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes in Part I, Item 1, “Financial Statements” and Part I, Item 2, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of this Form 10-Q.

***We may not be able to adequately protect or enforce our intellectual property rights, which could harm our competitive position.***

Our success and future revenue growth will depend, in part, on our ability to protect our intellectual property. We will primarily rely on patent, copyright, trademark, and trade secret laws, as well as nondisclosure agreements and other methods, to protect our proprietary technologies or processes. It is possible that competitors or other unauthorized third parties may obtain, copy, use or disclose proprietary technologies and processes, despite efforts by the us to protect our proprietary technologies and processes. While we hold rights in several patents, there can be no assurances that any additional patents will be issued, or additional rights will be granted, to us. Even if new patents are issued, the claims allowed may not be sufficiently broad to adequately protect our technology and processes. Our competitors may also be able to develop similar technology independently or design around the patents to which we have rights.

Currently, TNF has 18 issued U.S. patents, 69 foreign patents, 1 pending U.S. patent applications and 5 foreign patent applications pending in such jurisdictions as Canada, China, Isreal, and Japan, which if issued are expected to expire between 2036 and 2041. Although we expect to obtain additional patents and in-licenses in the future, there is no guarantee that we will be able to successfully obtain such patents or in-licenses in a timely manner or at all. Further, any of our rights to existing patents, and any future patents issued to us, may be challenged, invalidated, or circumvented. As such, any rights granted under these patents may not provide us with meaningful protection. Even if foreign patents are granted, effective enforcement in foreign countries may not be available. If our patents or rights to patents do not adequately protect our technology or processes, competitors may be able to offer products similar to our products.

***The Company’s financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis and do not include adjustments that might be necessary if the Company is unable to continue as a going concern. Management has substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.***

The Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company’s cash used in operations was $2,640,240 leaving a cash balance of $73,244 and a marketable securities balance of $5,805,331 as of March 31, 2025. Because the Company does not have sufficient resources to fund its operations for the next twelve months from the date of this filing, management has substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of asset amounts or the classification of liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.

The Company will need to raise additional capital to finance its losses and negative cash flows from operations and may continue to be dependent on additional capital raising as long as our products do not reach commercial profitability. There are no assurances that the Company would be able to raise additional capital on terms favorable to it. If the Company is unsuccessful in commercializing its products and raising capital, it will need to reduce activities, curtail or cease operations.

Filed May 15, 2025.
Source: SEC EDGAR, the filing index for accession 0001641172-25-010937. Last ingested by Listed: Oct 24, 2026, 15:11 ET. No prices; not investment advice.