# NexPoint Real Estate Finance, Inc.: Form 10-Q for the period ended Mar 31, 2023 - Company: [NexPoint Real Estate Finance, Inc.](/companies/nref.md) (CIK 1786248) - Form: 10-Q - Filed: 2023-05-11 - Accepted by EDGAR: May 10, 2023, 19:53 ET - Period: 2023-03-31 - Accession: 0001786248-23-000009 - Inline XBRL: yes - Main document: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1786248/000178624823000009/nref-20230331.htm - All documents and exhibits: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1786248/000178624823000009/ ## Figures reported in this filing Standardized XBRL line items for the period ended 2023-03-31. | Line item | Period | Value | XBRL concept | | --- | --- | ---: | --- | | Interest expense | 3 months, 2023-01-01 to 2023-03-31 | $12.2m | us-gaap:InterestExpense | | Net income | 3 months, 2023-01-01 to 2023-03-31 | $9.4m | us-gaap:ProfitLoss | | Diluted EPS | 3 months, 2023-01-01 to 2023-03-31 | $0.37 | us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted | | Basic EPS | 3 months, 2023-01-01 to 2023-03-31 | $0.38 | us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic | | Diluted shares (weighted) | 3 months, 2023-01-01 to 2023-03-31 | 22,678,000 shares | us-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding | | Operating cash flow | 3 months, 2023-01-01 to 2023-03-31 | $14.9m | us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities | | Dividends paid | 3 months, 2023-01-01 to 2023-03-31 | $11.8m | us-gaap:PaymentsOfDividendsCommonStock | | Cash and equivalents | at 2023-03-31 | $38.8m | us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue | | Total assets | at 2023-03-31 | $8.04bn | us-gaap:Assets | | Total liabilities | at 2023-03-31 | $7.57bn | us-gaap:Liabilities | | Long-term debt | at 2023-03-31 | $1.28bn | us-gaap:LongTermDebt | | Shareholders' equity | at 2023-03-31 | $377.3m | us-gaap:StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest | ## Management's discussion and analysis As filed, 81,806 characters. *The following is a discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations. The following should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and accompanying notes included herein and with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on March 31, 2023. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those projected, forecasted, or expected in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including, but not limited to, those discussed below and elsewhere in this annual report. See “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. Our management believes the assumptions underlying the Company's financial statements and accompanying notes are reasonable. However, the Company's financial statements and accompanying notes may not be an indication of our financial condition and results of operations in the future.* ### Overview We are a commercial mortgage REIT incorporated in Maryland on June 7, 2019. Our strategy is to originate, structure and invest in first-lien mortgage loans, mezzanine loans, preferred equity, convertible notes, multifamily properties and common equity investments, as well as multifamily CMBS securitizations, MSCR Notes and mortgage-backed securities, or our target assets. We primarily focus on investments in real estate sectors where our senior management team has operating expertise, including in the multifamily, SFR, self-storage, life science, hospitality and office sectors predominantly in the top 50 MSAs. In addition, we target lending or investing in properties that are stabilized or have a light-transitional business plan. Our investment objective is to generate attractive, risk-adjusted returns for stockholders over the long term. We seek to employ a flexible and relative-value focused investment strategy and expect to re-allocate capital periodically among our target investment classes. We believe this flexibility will enable us to efficiently manage risk and deliver attractive risk-adjusted returns under a variety of market conditions and economic cycles. We are externally managed by our Manager, a subsidiary of our Sponsor, an SEC-registered investment advisor, which has extensive real estate experience, having completed as of March 31, 2023 approximately $18.4 billion of gross real estate transactions since the beginning of 2012. In addition, our Sponsor, together with its affiliates, including NexBank, is one of the most experienced global alternative credit managers managing approximately $20.4 billion of loans and debt or credit related investments as of March 31, 2023 and has managed credit investments for over 25 years. We believe our relationship with our Sponsor benefits us by providing access to resources including research capabilities, an extensive relationship network, other proprietary information, scalability, and a vast wealth of knowledge of information on real estate in our target assets and sectors. We elected to be treated as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2020. We also intend to operate our business in a manner that will permit us to maintain one or more exclusions or exemptions from registration under the Investment Company Act. On October 15, 2021, a lawsuit (the “Bankruptcy Trust Lawsuit”) was filed by a litigation subtrust formed in connection with Highland’s bankruptcy against various persons and entities, including our Sponsor and James Dondero. In addition, on February 8, 2023, a lawsuit (the “UBS Lawsuit”) was filed by UBS Securities LLC and its affiliate against Mr. Dondero and a number of other persons and entities. Neither the Bankruptcy Trust Lawsuit nor the UBS Lawsuit include claims related to our business or our assets or operations. Our Sponsor and Mr. Dondero have informed us they believe the Bankruptcy Trust Lawsuit has no merit, and Mr. Dondero has informed us he believes the UBS Lawsuit has no merit; we have been advised that the defendants named in each of the lawsuits intend to vigorously defend against the claims. We do not expect the Bankruptcy Trust Lawsuit or the UBS Lawsuit will have a material effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition. ### Purchases and Dispositions in the Quarter ### Acquisitions and Originations The Company acquired or originated the following investments through the Subsidiary OPs in the three months ended March 31, 2023. The amounts in the table below are as of the purchase or investment date: | Investment | Investment Date | Tranche | Outstanding Principal Amount | | Cost (% of Par Value) | Coupon (1) | Current Yield (1) | Maturity Date | Interest Rate Type | | --- | --- | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- | --- | | Preferred Equity | 1/9/2023 | N/A | $1,166,000 | | 100.0% | 11.00% | 11.00% | 5/1/2030 | Fixed Rate | | Preferred Equity | 1/12/2023 | N/A | 1,005,025 | | 99.8% | 10.00% | 10.02% | 9/29/2023 | Fixed Rate | | Preferred Equity | 2/10/2023 | N/A | 14,000,000 | | 99.0% | 11.00% | 11.11% | 2/10/2025 | Fixed Rate | | Common Stock | 2/10/2023 | N/A | 500,000 | | 100.0% | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | | Preferred Equity | 2/24/2023 | N/A | 11,200,000 | | 99.0% | 11.00% | 11.11% | 2/10/2025 | Fixed Rate | | Common Stock | 2/24/2023 | N/A | 500,000 | | 100.0% | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | | Preferred Equity | 3/3/2023 | N/A | 1,710,553 | | 100.0% | 10.00% | 10.00% | 9/29/2023 | Fixed Rate | | FREMF 2018-KF44 | 3/10/2023 | C | 5,746,955 | (2) | 99.8% | 13.07% | 13.10% | 2/25/2025 | Floating Rate | | | | | $35,828,533 | | | | | | | (1) Current yield and coupon as of March 31, 2023. (2) Includes investments made on January 9, 2023, March 6, 2023 and March 28, 2023. The Company first invested in preferred equity from this issuer on May 29, 2020. ### Redemptions and Sales The following investments were redeemed or sold during the three months ended March 31, 2023: | Investment | Investment Date | Disposition Date | Amortized Cost Basis | Redemption/Sales Proceeds | Prepayment Penalties | Net Gain (Loss) on Repayment | | --- | --- | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | | Preferred Equity | 12/28/2021 | 1/13/2023 | $6,758,707 | $6,758,707 | $— | $— | | Preferred Equity | 12/28/2021 | 2/16/2023 | 1,490,000 | 1,490,000 | — | — | | Preferred Equity | 12/28/2021 | 3/24/2023 | 3,206,618 | 3,206,618 | — | — | | Mezzanine Loan | 1/21/2021 | 3/24/2023 | 24,681,963 | 24,844,117 | — | 162,154 | | | | | $36,137,289 | $36,299,442 | $— | $162,154 | In addition, the Company’s indirect common equity investment in Elysian at Hughes Center was transferred effective January 1, 2023. For additional information, see Note 15 to our consolidated financials statements. ### Components of Our Revenues and Expenses ### Net Interest Income *Interest income*. Our earnings are primarily attributable to the interest income from mortgage loans, mezzanine loan and preferred equity investments. Loan premium/discount amortization and prepayment penalties are also included as components of interest income. *Interest expense.* Interest expense represents interest accrued on our various financing obligations used to fund our investments and is shown as a deduction to arrive at net interest income. The following table presents the components of net interest income for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (dollars in thousands): | 2023 Interest income/ (expense) Interest income | For the Three Months Ended March 31, Average Balance (1) | Yield (2) | Interest income/ (expense) | 2022 Average Balance (1) | Yield (2) | | $ Change | % Change | | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | | SFR Loans, held-for-investment | $6,619 | $725,833 | 3.64% | $22,138 | $767,567 | 11.54% | $(15,519) | (70.1)% | | Mezzanine loans, held-for-investment | 4,140 | 155,299 | 10.68% | 3,508 | 152,982 | 9.17% | 632 | 18.0% | | Preferred equity, held-for-investment | 3,778 | 138,728 | 10.88% | 2,956 | 86,385 | 13.68% | 822 | 27.8% | | Convertible notes, held-for-investment | — | — | N/A | 1,253 | 54,563 | 9.19% | (1,253) | (100.0)% | | CMBS structured pass-through certificates, at fair value | 539 | 46,020 | 4.68% | 1,278 | 72,762 | 7.03% | (739) | (57.8)% | | MSCR notes | 311 | 10,214 | 12.16% | — | — | N/A | 311 | N/A | | Mortgage backed securities | 774 | 33,888 | 9.12% | — | — | N/A | 774 | N/A | | Total interest income | $16,161 | $1,109,981 | 5.82% | $31,133 | $1,134,259 | 11.28% | $(14,972) | (48.1)% | | **Interest expense** | | | | | | | | | | Master repurchase agreements, net | (5,083) | (331,400) | 6.12% | (1,518) | (298,872) | 2.03% | (3,565) | 234.8% | | Long-term seller financing, net | (3,735) | (687,629) | 2.16% | (4,109) | (733,050) | 2.24% | 374 | (9.1)% | | Unsecured notes, net | (3,394) | (205,068) | 6.64% | (3,191) | (197,091) | 6.48% | (203) | 6.4% | | Total interest expense | $(12,212) | $(1,224,097) | 4.00% | $(8,818) | $(1,229,013) | 2.87% | $(3,394) | 38.5% | | Net interest income (3) | $3,949 | | | $22,315 | | | $(18,366) | (82.3)% | (1) Average balances for the SFR Loans, the mezzanine loan and preferred equity are calculated based upon carrying values. (2) Yield calculated on an annualized basis. (3) Net interest income is calculated as the difference between total interest income and total interest expense. ### Other Income (Loss) *Change in net assets related to consolidated CMBS variable interest entities.* Includes unrealized gain (loss) based on changes in the fair value of the assets and liabilities of the CMBS trusts and net interest earned on the consolidated CMBS trusts. See Note 4 to our consolidated financial statements for additional information. *Change in unrealized gain (loss) on CMBS structured pass-through certificates.* Includes unrealized gain (loss) based on changes in the fair value of the CMBS I/O Strips. See Note 7 to our consolidated financial statements for additional information. *Change in unrealized gain on common stock investments.* Includes unrealized gain (loss) based on changes in the fair value of our common stock investments in NSP and the Private REIT. See Note 5 to our consolidated financial statements for additional information. *Change in unrealized gain (loss) on MSCR notes.* Includes unrealized gain (loss) based on changes in the fair value of our MSCR Notes. See Note 7 to our consolidated financial statements for additional information. *Change in unrealized gain on mortgage-backed securities.* Includes unrealized gain (loss) based on changes in the fair value of our mortgage backed securities. See Note 7 to our consolidated financial statements for additional information. *Loan loss benefit (provision).* Loan loss benefit (provision) represents the change in our allowance for loan losses. See Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements for additional information. *Realized losses.* Realized losses include the excess, or deficiency, of net proceeds received, less the carrying value of such investments, as realized losses. The Company reverses cumulative unrealized gains or losses previously reported in its Consolidated Statements of Operations with respect to the investment sold at the time of the sale. *Revenues from consolidated real estate owned (Note 9).* Reflects the total revenues for our multifamily property. Revenues include rental income from the multifamily property. *Other income.* Includes placement fees, exit fees and other miscellaneous income items. ### Operating Expenses *G&A expenses.* G&A expenses include, but are not limited to, audit fees, legal fees, listing fees, Board fees, equity-based and other compensation expenses, investor-relations costs and payments of reimbursements to our Manager. The Manager will be reimbursed for expenses it incurs on behalf of the Company. However, our Manager is responsible, and we will not reimburse our Manager or its affiliates, for the salaries or benefits to be paid to personnel of our Manager or its affiliates who serve as our officers, except that 50% of the salary of our VP of Finance is allocated to us and we may grant equity awards to our officers under the NexPoint Real Estate Finance, Inc. 2020 Long Term Incentive Plan (the “2020 LTIP”). Direct payment of operating expenses by us, which includes compensation expense relating to equity awards granted under the 2020 LTIP, together with reimbursement of operating expenses to our Manager, plus the Annual Fee, may not exceed 2.5% of equity book value determined in accordance with GAAP, for any calendar year or portion thereof, provided, however, that this limitation will not apply to Offering Expenses, legal, accounting, financial, due diligence and other service fees incurred in connection with extraordinary litigation and mergers and acquisitions and other events outside the ordinary course of our business or any out-of-pocket acquisition or due diligence expenses incurred in connection with the acquisition or disposition of certain real estate related investments. To the extent total corporate G&A expenses would otherwise exceed 2.5% of equity book value, our Manager will waive all or a portion of its Annual Fee to keep our total corporate G&A expenses at or below 2.5% of equity book value. *Loan servicing fees.* We pay various service providers fees for loan servicing of our SFR Loans, mezzanine loans and consolidated CMBS trusts. We classify the expenses related to the administration of the SFR Loans and mezzanine loans as servicing fees while the fees associated with the CMBS trusts are included as a component of the change in net assets related to consolidated CMBS variable interest entities (“VIEs”). *Management fees.* Management fees include fees paid to our Manager pursuant to the Management Agreement. *Expenses from consolidated real estate owned (Note 9).* Reflects the total expenses for our multifamily properties. Expenses include interest, real estate taxes and insurance, operating, general and administrative, management fees, depreciation and amortization, rate cap (income) expense, and debt service bridge expenses of the multifamily properties. ### Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 The following table sets forth a summary of our operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): | | For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 | 2022 | $ Change | % Change | | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | | Net interest income | $3,949 | $22,315 | $(18,366) | (82.3)% | | Other income (loss) | 10,949 | 1,814 | 9,135 | 503.6% | | Operating expenses | (5,520) | (6,060) | 540 | (8.9)% | | Net income | 9,378 | 18,069 | (8,691) | (48.1)% | | Net (income) attributable to preferred shareholders | (874) | (874) | N/A | N/A | | Net (income) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests | (1,937) | (4,783) | 2,846 | (59.5)% | | Net (income) loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries | — | (6) | 6 | N/A | | Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders | $6,567 | $12,406 | $(5,839) | (47.1)% | The change in our net income for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to the net income for the three months ended March 31, 2022 primarily relates to a decrease in prepayment penalty income. Our net income attributable to common stockholders for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was approximately $6.6 million. We earned approximately $3.9 million in net interest income, generated income of $10.9 million in other income, incurred operating expenses of $5.5 million, allocated $0.9 million of income to preferred stockholders and allocated $1.9 million of income to redeemable noncontrolling interests for the three months ended March 31, 2023. ### Revenues *Net interest income.* Net interest income was $3.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $22.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, which was a decrease of approximately $18.4 million. The decrease between the periods is primarily due to a decrease in prepayment penalty income related to early paydowns. As of March 31, 2023, we owned 87 discrete investments compared to 71 as of March 31, 2022. *Other income (loss).* Other income was $10.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to other income of $1.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, which was an increase of approximately $9.1 million. This was primarily due to an increase in the change in net assets related to consolidated CMBS VIEs. ### Expenses *G&A expenses.* G&A expenses were $2.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $1.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, which was an increase of approximately $0.4 million. The increase between the periods was primarily due to an increase in accounting and auditing fees compared to the prior period. *Loan servicing fees.* Loan servicing fees were $1.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, which was a decrease of approximately $0.1 million. The decrease between the periods was primarily due to a decrease in SFR Loans in the portfolio compared to the prior period. *Management fees.* Management fees were $0.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $0.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, which was an increase of approximately $0.1 million. The increase between the periods was primarily due to an increase in equity as defined by the Management Agreement. ### Key Financial Measures and Indicators As a real estate finance company, we believe the key financial measures and indicators for our business are earnings per share, dividends declared, EAD, CAD and book value per share. ### Earnings Per Share and Dividends Declared The following table sets forth the calculation of basic and diluted net income per share and dividends declared per share (in thousands, except per share data): | | For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 | 2022 | % Change | | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | | Net income attributable to common stockholders | $6,567 | $12,406 | (47.1)% | | Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests | 1,937 | 4,783 | (59.5)% | | Weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding | | | | | Basic | 17,118 | 13,855 | 23.6% | | Diluted | 22,678 | 22,030 | 2.9% | | Net income per share, basic | $0.38 | $0.90 | (57.2)% | | Net income per share, diluted | $0.37 | $0.78 | (51.9)% | | Dividends declared per share | $0.6850 | $0.5000 | 37.0% | ### Earnings Available for Distribution and Cash Available for Distribution EAD is a non-GAAP financial measure. EAD has replaced our prior presentation of Core Earnings. In addition, Core Earnings results from prior reporting periods have been relabeled EAD. In line with evolving industry practices, we believe EAD more accurately reflects the principal purpose of the measure than the term Core Earnings and will serve as a useful indicator for investors in evaluating our performance and our long-term ability to pay distributions. EAD is defined as the net income (loss) attributable to our common stockholders computed in accordance with GAAP, including realized gains and losses not otherwise included in net income (loss), excluding any unrealized gains or losses or other similar non-cash items that are included in net income (loss) for the applicable reporting period, regardless of whether such items are included in other comprehensive income (loss), or in net income (loss) and adding back amortization of stock-based compensation. Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders may also be adjusted for the effects of certain GAAP adjustments and transactions that may not be indicative of our current operations. We use EAD to evaluate our performance which excludes the effects of certain GAAP adjustments and transactions that we believe are not indicative of our current operations and to assess our long-term ability to pay distributions. We believe providing EAD as a supplement to GAAP net income (loss) to our investors is helpful to their assessment of our performance and our long term ability to pay distributions. EAD does not represent net income or cash flows from operating activities and should not be considered as an alternative to GAAP net income, an indication of our GAAP cash flows from operating activities, a measure of our liquidity or an indication of funds available for our cash needs. Our computation of EAD may not be comparable to EAD reported by other REITs. We also use EAD as a component of the management fee paid to our Manager. As consideration for the Manager’s services, we will pay our Manager an annual management fee of 1.5% of Equity, paid monthly, in cash or shares of our common stock at the election of our Manager. “Equity” means (a) the sum of (1) total stockholders’ equity immediately prior to the closing of our IPO, plus (2) the net proceeds received by us from all issuances of our equity securities in and after the IPO, plus (3) our cumulative EAD from and after the IPO to the end of the most recently completed calendar quarter, (b) less (1) any distributions to our holders of common stock from and after the IPO to the end of the most recently completed calendar quarter and (2) all amounts that we have paid to repurchase for cash the shares of our equity securities from and after the IPO to the end of the most recently completed calendar quarter. In our calculation of Equity, we will adjust our calculation of EAD to remove the compensation expense relating to awards granted under one or more of our long-term incentive plans that is added back in our calculation of EAD. Additionally, for the avoidance of doubt, Equity does not include the assets contributed to us in the Formation Transaction. For the purpose of calculating EAD for the management fee, net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders may be adjusted for the effects of certain GAAP adjustments and transactions that may not be indicative of our current operations, in each case after discussions between the Manager and the independent directors of our Board and approved by a majority of the independent directors of our Board. CAD is a non-GAAP financial measure. We calculate CAD by adjusting EAD by adding back amortization of premiums, depreciation and amortization of real estate investment, amortization of deferred financing costs and by removing accretion of discounts and non-cash items, such as stock dividends. We use CAD to evaluate our performance and our current ability to pay distributions. We also believe that providing CAD as a supplement to GAAP net income (loss) to our investors is helpful to their assessment of our performance and our current ability to pay distributions. CAD does not represent net income or cash flows from operating activities and should not be considered as an alternative to GAAP net income, an indication of our GAAP cash flows from operating activities, a measure of our liquidity or an indication of funds available for our cash needs. Our computation of CAD may not be comparable to CAD reported by other REITs. The following table provides a reconciliation of EAD and CAD to GAAP net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands, except per share amounts): | | For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 | 2022 | % Change | | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | | **Net income attributable to common stockholders** | $6,567 | $12,406 | (47.1)% | | **Adjustments** | | | | | Amortization of stock-based compensation | 847 | 673 | 25.9% | | Provision for (reversal of) credit losses, net | (28) | — | N/A | | Unrealized (gains) or losses (1) | 2,139 | 6,512 | (67.2)% | | **EAD attributable to common stockholders** | $9,524 | $19,591 | (51.4)% | | **EAD per Diluted Weighted-Average Share** | $0.54 | $1.36 | (60.3)% | | **Adjustments** | | | | | Amortization of premiums | $2,945 | $7,545 | (61.0)% | | Accretion of discounts | (2,919) | (2,309) | 26.4% | | Depreciation and amortization of real estate investment | 397 | 719 | (44.8)% | | Amortization of deferred financing costs | 9 | 9 | N/A | | **CAD attributable to common stockholders** | $9,956 | $25,555 | (61.0)% | | **CAD per Diluted Weighted-Average Share** | $0.56 | $1.78 | (68.5)% | | **Weighted-average common shares outstanding - basic** | 17,118 | 13,855 | 23.6% | | **Weighted-average common shares outstanding - diluted (2)** | 17,640 | 14,380 | 22.7% | (1) Unrealized gains are the net change in unrealized loss on investments held at fair value applicable to common stockholders. (2) Weighted-average diluted shares outstanding does not include dilutive effect of redeemable non-controlling interests. The following table provides a reconciliation of EAD and CAD to GAAP net income including the dilutive effect of non-controlling interests for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands, except per share amounts): | | For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 | 2022 | % Change | | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | | **Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders** | $6,567 | $12,406 | (47.1)% | | **Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests** | 1,937 | 4,783 | (59.5)% | | **Adjustments** | | | | | Amortization of stock-based compensation | 847 | 673 | 25.9% | | Provision for (reversal of) credit losses, net | (34) | — | N/A | | Unrealized (gains) or losses (1) | 2,564 | 8,545 | (70.0)% | | **EAD** | $11,881 | $26,407 | (55.0)% | | **EAD per Diluted Weighted-Average Share** | $0.52 | $1.20 | (56.7)% | | **Adjustments** | | | | | Amortization of premiums | $3,531 | $9,900 | (64.3)% | | Accretion of discounts | (3,500) | (3,030) | 15.5% | | Depreciation and amortization of real estate investment | 476 | 944 | (49.6)% | | Amortization of deferred financing costs | 11 | 12 | (8.3)% | | **CAD** | $12,399 | $34,233 | (63.8)% | | **CAD per Diluted Weighted-Average Share** | $0.55 | $1.55 | (64.5)% | | **Weighted-average common shares outstanding - basic** | 17,118 | 13,855 | 23.6% | | **Weighted-average common shares outstanding - diluted** | 22,678 | 22,030 | 2.9% | (1) Unrealized gains are the net change in unrealized loss on investments held at fair value. ### Book Value per Share / Unit The following table calculates our book value per share (in thousands, except per share data): | | March 31, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | | --- | ---: | ---: | | Common stockholders' equity | $339,659 | $346,474 | | Shares of common stock outstanding at period end | 17,184 | 17,080 | | Book value per share of common stock | $19.77 | $20.29 | 50 Due to the large noncontrolling interest in the OP (see Note 14 to our consolidated financial statements, for more information), we believe it is useful to also look at book value on a combined basis as shown in the table below (in thousands, except per share data): | | March 31, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | | --- | ---: | ---: | | Common stockholders' equity | $339,659 | $346,474 | | Redeemable noncontrolling interests in the OP | 95,712 | 96,501 | | Total equity | $435,371 | $442,975 | | Redeemable OP Units at period end | 5,038 | 5,038 | | Shares of common stock outstanding at period end | 17,184 | 17,080 | | Combined shares of common stock and redeemable OP Units | 22,223 | 22,118 | | Combined book value per share / unit | $19.59 | $20.03 | ### Our Portfolio Our portfolio consists of SFR Loans, CMBS B-Pieces, CMBS I/O Strips, mezzanine loans, preferred equity investments, common equity investments, a multifamily property, MSCR Notes and mortgage backed securities with a combined unpaid principal balance of $2.0 billion as of March 31, 2023 and assumes the CMBS Entities’ assets and liabilities are not consolidated. The following table sets forth additional information relating to our portfolio as of March 31, 2023 (dollars in thousands): | | Investment (1) SFR Loans | Investment Date | Current Principal Amount | | Net Equity (2) | Location | Property Type | Coupon | Current Yield (3) | Remaining Term (4) (years) | | ---: | --- | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | | 1 | Senior loan | 2/11/2020 | $508,700 | | $72,097 | Various | Single-family | 4.65% | 4.40% | 5.43 | | 2 | Senior loan | 2/11/2020 | 10,095 | | 1,520 | Various | Single-family | 5.35% | 5.24% | 4.84 | | 3 | Senior loan | 2/11/2020 | 5,372 | | 654 | Various | Single-family | 5.33% | 5.30% | 0.34 | | 4 | Senior loan | 2/11/2020 | 10,133 | | 1,444 | Various | Single-family | 5.30% | 5.02% | 5.43 | | 5 | Senior loan | 2/11/2020 | 5,433 | | 770 | Various | Single-family | 5.24% | 4.94% | 5.51 | | 6 | Senior loan | 2/11/2020 | 51,304 | | 6,798 | Various | Single-family | 4.74% | 4.60% | 2.51 | | 7 | Senior loan | 2/11/2020 | 9,494 | | 1,337 | Various | Single-family | 6.10% | 5.71% | 5.51 | | 8 | Senior loan | 2/11/2020 | 36,609 | | 5,043 | Various | Single-family | 5.55% | 5.15% | 5.59 | | 9 | Senior loan | 2/11/2020 | 5,760 | | 812 | Various | Single-family | 5.99% | 5.60% | 5.68 | | 10 | Senior loan | 2/11/2020 | 5,155 | | 10,911 | Various | Single-family | 5.46% | 5.16% | 5.76 | | 11 | Senior loan | 2/11/2020 | 8,743 | | 1,270 | Various | Single-family | 5.88% | 5.56% | 5.76 | | 12 | Senior loan | 2/11/2020 | 6,279 | | 850 | Various | Single-family | 4.83% | 4.79% | 0.84 | | 13 | Senior loan | 2/11/2020 | 7,448 | | 1,086 | Various | Single-family | 5.34% | 5.08% | 5.85 | | 14 | Senior loan | 2/11/2020 | 6,554 | | 959 | Various | Single-family | 5.46% | 5.20% | 5.92 | | 15 | Senior loan | 2/11/2020 | 10,523 | | 1,490 | Various | Single-family | 4.72% | 4.61% | 2.92 | | | **Total** | | **687,602** | | **107,041** | | | **4.81%** | **4.56%** | **5.11** | | | **CMBS B-Piece** | | | | | | | | | | | 1 | CMBS B-Piece | 2/11/2020 | 24,288 | (5) | 8,746 | Various | Multifamily | 9.72% | 9.73% | 2.91 | | 2 | CMBS B-Piece | 2/11/2020 | 28,581 | (5) | 10,794 | Various | Multifamily | 10.57% | 10.56% | 3.66 | | 3 | CMBS B-Piece | 4/23/2020 | 81,999 | (5) | 26,207 | Various | Multifamily | 3.50% | 5.32% | 6.91 | | 4 | CMBS B-Piece | 7/30/2020 | 20,702 | (5) | 8,970 | Various | Multifamily | 13.57% | 13.57% | 4.24 | | 5 | CMBS B-Piece | 8/6/2020 | 108,643 | (5) | 16,161 | Various | Multifamily | 0.00% | 8.61% | 7.24 | | 6 | CMBS B-Piece | 4/20/2021 | 43,053 | (5) | 12,604 | Various | Multifamily | 10.56% | 10.56% | 7.91 | | 7 | CMBS B-Piece | 6/30/2021 | 108,305 | (5) | 26,961 | Various | Multifamily | 0.00% | 9.50% | 3.76 | | 8 | CMBS B-Piece | 12/9/2021 | 54,436 | (5) | 18,177 | Various | Multifamily | 9.56% | 9.56% | 1.57 | | 9 | CMBS B-Piece | 5/2/2022 | 35,060 | (5) | 12,245 | Various | Multifamily | 4.22% | 4.54% | 15.67 | 51 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ---: | --- | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | | 10 | CMBS B-Piece | 7/28/2022 | | 70,477 | (5) | 24,396 | Various | Multifamily | 9.56% | 9.56% | 6.32 | | | **Total** | | | **575,544** | | **165,261** | | | **5.04%** | **8.73%** | **5.98** | | | **CMBS I/O Strips** | | | | | | | | | | | | 1 | CMBS I/O Strip | 5/18/2020 | | 17,590 | (6) | 503 | Various | Multifamily | 2.02% | 14.58% | 23.50 | | 2 | CMBS I/O Strip | 8/6/2020 | | 108,643 | (6) | 6,791 | Various | Multifamily | 2.98% | 16.44% | 7.24 | | 3 | CMBS I/O Strip | 4/28/2021 | (7) | 64,714 | (6) | 1,603 | Various | Multifamily | 1.59% | 16.02% | 6.83 | | 4 | CMBS I/O Strip | 5/27/2021 | | 20,000 | (6) | 1,046 | Various | Multifamily | 3.39% | 16.20% | 7.16 | | 5 | CMBS I/O Strip | 6/7/2021 | | 4,266 | (6) | 122 | Various | Multifamily | 2.31% | 19.65% | 5.66 | | 6 | CMBS I/O Strip | 6/11/2021 | (8) | 113,634 | (6) | 1,989 | Various | Multifamily | 1.19% | 13.75% | 6.16 | | 7 | CMBS I/O Strip | 6/24/2021 | | 26,094 | (6) | 625 | Various | Multifamily | 1.18% | 17.17% | 7.16 | | 8 | CMBS I/O Strip | 8/10/2021 | | 25,000 | (6) | 765 | Various | Multifamily | 1.89% | 16.35% | 7.07 | | 9 | CMBS I/O Strip | 8/11/2021 | | 6,942 | (6) | 493 | Various | Multifamily | 3.10% | 14.08% | 8.32 | | 10 | CMBS I/O Strip | 8/24/2021 | | 1,625 | (6) | 247 | Various | Multifamily | 2.61% | 14.83% | 7.83 | | 11 | CMBS I/O Strip | 9/1/2021 | | 34,625 | (6) | 3,673 | Various | Multifamily | 1.92% | 15.48% | 7.24 | | 12 | CMBS I/O Strip | 9/11/2021 | | 20,902 | (6) | 3,792 | Various | Multifamily | 2.95% | 14.04% | 8.49 | | | **Total** | | | **444,035** | | **21,649** | | | **2.04%** | **15.45%** | **7.59** | | | **Mezzanine Loan** | | | | | | | | | | | | 1 | Mezzanine | 6/12/2020 | | 7,500 | | 7,500 | Houston, TX | Multifamily | 11.00% | 11.00% | 1.25 | | 2 | Mezzanine | 10/20/2020 | | 5,470 | | 2,263 | Wilmington, DE | Multifamily | 7.50% | 7.31% | 6.09 | | 3 | Mezzanine | 10/20/2020 | | 10,380 | | 4,314 | White Marsh, MD | Multifamily | 7.42% | 7.22% | 8.26 | | 4 | Mezzanine | 10/20/2020 | | 14,253 | | 5,917 | Philadelphia, PA | Multifamily | 7.59% | 7.39% | 6.18 | | 5 | Mezzanine | 10/20/2020 | | 3,700 | | 1,528 | Daytona Beach, FL | Multifamily | 7.83% | 7.64% | 5.51 | | 6 | Mezzanine | 10/20/2020 | | 12,000 | | 4,986 | Laurel, MD | Multifamily | 7.71% | 7.50% | 8.01 | | 7 | Mezzanine | 10/20/2020 | | 3,000 | | 1,247 | Temple Hills, MD | Multifamily | 7.32% | 7.12% | 8.34 | | 8 | Mezzanine | 10/20/2020 | | 1,500 | | 623 | Temple Hills, MD | Multifamily | 7.22% | 7.03% | 8.34 | | 9 | Mezzanine | 10/20/2020 | | 5,540 | | 2,291 | Lakewood, NJ | Multifamily | 7.33% | 7.15% | 6.09 | | 10 | Mezzanine | 10/20/2020 | | 6,829 | | 2,822 | Rosedale, MD | Multifamily | 7.53% | 7.34% | 5.76 | | 11 | Mezzanine | 10/20/2020 | | 3,620 | | 1,504 | North Aurora, IL | Multifamily | 7.42% | 7.22% | 8.26 | | 12 | Mezzanine | 10/20/2020 | | 9,610 | | 3,994 | Cockeysville, MD | Multifamily | 7.42% | 7.22% | 8.26 | | 13 | Mezzanine | 10/20/2020 | | 7,390 | | 3,071 | Laurel, MD | Multifamily | 7.42% | 7.22% | 8.26 | | 14 | Mezzanine | 10/20/2020 | | 2,135 | | 882 | Tyler, TX | Multifamily | 7.74% | 7.55% | 5.51 | | 15 | Mezzanine | 10/20/2020 | | 1,190 | | 492 | Las Vegas, NV | Multifamily | 7.71% | 7.52% | 5.92 | | 16 | Mezzanine | 10/20/2020 | | 3,310 | | 1,369 | Atlanta, GA | Multifamily | 6.91% | 6.74% | 6.26 | | 17 | Mezzanine | 10/20/2020 | | 2,880 | | 1,190 | Des Moines, IA | Multifamily | 7.89% | 7.70% | 5.59 | | 18 | Mezzanine | 10/20/2020 | | 4,010 | | 1,657 | Urbandale, IA | Multifamily | 7.89% | 7.70% | 5.59 | | 19 | Mezzanine | 11/18/2021 | | 12,600 | | 12,494 | Irving, TX | Multifamily | 15.82% | 15.95% | 5.68 | | 20 | Mezzanine | 12/29/2021 | | 7,760 | | 7,695 | Rogers, AR | Multifamily | 15.82% | 15.95% | 1.78 | | 21 | Mezzanine | 6/9/2022 | | 4,500 | | 4,466 | Rogers, AR | Multifamily | 15.23% | 15.35% | 2.19 | | 22 | Mezzanine | 10/5/2022 | (9) | 4,030 | | 3,993 | Kirkland, WA | Multifamily | 15.25% | 15.39% | 4.76 | | | **Total** | | | **133,207** | | **76,298** | | | **9.48%** | **9.37%** | **6.05** | | | **Preferred Equity** | | | | | | | | | | | | 1 | Preferred Equity | 5/29/2020 | | 11,166 | | 11,166 | Houston, TX | Multifamily | 11.00% | 11.00% | 7.09 | | 2 | Preferred Equity | 9/29/2021 | | 8,820 | | 8,806 | Holly Springs, NC | Life Science | 10.00% | 10.02% | 0.50 | | 3 | Preferred Equity | 10/26/2021 | | 9,750 | | 9,695 | Atlanta, GA | Multifamily | 11.00% | 11.06% | 1.61 | | 4 | Preferred Equity | 12/28/2021 | (10) | 24,566 | | 24,566 | Las Vegas, NV | Multifamily | 10.50% | 10.50% | 8.93 | 52 | | | | | | | | | | | | | ---: | --- | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | | 5 | Preferred Equity | 1/14/2022 | | 21,207 | 21,207 | Vacaville, CA | Life Science | 10.00% | 10.00% | 0.50 | | 6 | Preferred Equity | 4/7/2022 | (11) | 4,000 | 3,964 | Beaumont, TX | Self-Storage | 14.50% | 14.63% | 7.43 | | 7 | Preferred Equity | 6/8/2022 | | 4,000 | 3,963 | Temple, TX | Self-Storage | 13.78% | 13.91% | 7.43 | | 8 | Preferred Equity | 7/1/2022 | (12) | 9,000 | 8,922 | Medley, FL | Self-Storage | 11.00% | 11.10% | 4.25 | | 9 | Preferred Equity | 8/10/2022 | | 8,500 | 8,430 | Plano, TX | Multifamily | 15.34% | 15.47% | 2.45 | | 10 | Preferred Equity | 9/30/2022 | | 9,000 | 8,921 | Fort Worth, TX | Multifamily | 14.23% | 14.36% | 2.51 | | 11 | Preferred Equity | 10/19/2022 | | 15,000 | 14,925 | Woodbury, MN | Life Science | 10.00% | 10.05% | 0.50 | | 12 | Preferred Equity | 2/10/2023 | | 14,000 | 13,860 | Forney, TX | Multifamily | 11.00% | 11.11% | 1.87 | | 13 | Preferred Equity | 2/24/2023 | | 11,200 | 11,088 | Richmond, VA | Multifamily | 11.00% | 11.11% | 1.87 | | | **Total** | | | **150,209** | **149,513** | | | **11.22%** | **11.28%** | **3.49** | | | **Common Equity** | | | | | | | | | | | 1 | Common Stock | 11/6/2020 | | N/A | 50,145 | N/A | Self-Storage | N/A | N/A | N/A | | 2 | Common Stock | 4/14/2022 | | N/A | 26,853 | N/A | Ground Lease | N/A | N/A | N/A | | 3 | Common Equity | 2/10/2023 | | N/A | 500 | Forney, TX | Multifamily | N/A | N/A | N/A | | 4 | Common Equity | 2/24/2023 | | N/A | 500 | Richmond, VA | Multifamily | N/A | N/A | N/A | | | **Total** | | | | **77,998** | | | | | | | | **Real Estate** | | | | | | | | | | | 1 | Real Estate | 12/31/2021 | (13) | N/A | 27,267 | Charlotte, NC | Multifamily | N/A | N/A | N/A | | | **MSCR Notes** | | | | | | | | | | | 1 | MSCR Note | 5/25/2022 | | 4,000 | 1,901 | Various | Multifamily | 13.98% | 13.98% | 29.17 | | 2 | MSCR Note | 5/25/2022 | | 5,000 | 2,325 | Various | Multifamily | 10.98% | 10.98% | 29.17 | | 3 | MSCR Note | 9/23/2022 | | 1,500 | 365 | Various | Multifamily | 11.33% | 12.45% | 28.67 | | | **Total** | | | **10,500** | **4,591** | | | **12.17%** | **12.33%** | **29.10** | | | **Mortgage Backed Securities** | | | | | | | | | | | 1 | Mortgage Backed Securities | 6/1/2022 | | 10,074 | 2,262 | Various | Single-family | 4.87% | 5.07% | 2.64 | | 2 | Mortgage Backed Securities | 6/1/2022 | | 10,419 | 3,690 | Various | Single-family | 7.79% | 8.11% | 3.05 | | 3 | Mortgage Backed Securities | 7/28/2022 | | 575 | 269 | Various | Single-family | 6.23% | 6.33% | 4.55 | | 4 | Mortgage Backed Securities | 7/28/2022 | | 1,057 | 356 | Various | Single-family | 3.60% | 4.20% | 5.23 | | 5 | Mortgage Backed Securities | 9/12/2022 | | 3,955 | 1,388 | Various | Multifamily | 10.56% | 10.54% | 7.83 | | 6 | Mortgage Backed Securities | 9/29/2022 | | 8,000 | 7,826 | Various | Self-Storage | 10.34% | 10.36% | 4.46 | | 7 | Mortgage Backed Securities | 3/10/2023 | | 5,747 | 2,285 | Various | Multifamily | 13.07% | 13.10% | 1.91 | | | **Total** | | | **39,827** | **18,076** | | | **8.47%** | **8.62%** | **3.62** | (1) Our total portfolio represents the current principal amount of the consolidated SFR Loans, CMBS I/O Strips, mezzanine loans, preferred equity, multifamily properties, MSCR Notes and mortgage backed securities as well as the net equity of our CMBS B-Piece investments. (2) Net equity represents the carrying value less borrowings collateralized by the investment. (3) Current yield is the annualized income earned divided by the cost basis of the investment. (4) The weighted-average life is weighted on current principal balance and assumes no prepayments. The maturity date for preferred equity investments represents the maturity date of the senior mortgage, as the preferred equity investments require repayment upon the sale or refinancing of the asset. (5) The CMBS B-Pieces are shown on an unconsolidated basis reflecting the value of our investments. (6) The number shown represents the notional value on which interest is calculated for the CMBS I/O Strips. CMBS I/O Strips receive no principal payments and the notional value decreases as the underlying loans are paid off. (7) The Company, through the Subsidiary OPs, purchased approximately $50.0 million and $15.0 million aggregate notional amount of the X1 interest-only tranche of the FHMS K-107 CMBS I/O Strip on April 28, 2021 and May 4, 2021, respectively. (8) The Company, through the Subsidiary OPs, purchased approximately $80.0 million, $35.0 million, $40.0 million and $50.0 million aggregate notional amount of the X1 interest-only tranche of the FRESB 2019-SB64 CMBS I/O Strip on June 11, 2021 and September 29, 2021, February 3, 2022 and March 18, 2022, respectively. (9) The Company reclassified this investment from preferred equity to a mezzanine loan effective January 1, 2023. (10) The Company, through the Subsidiary OPs, invested $5.0 million, $1.8 million, $40.1 million and $18.5 million in this real estate investment on December 28, 2021, January 27, 2022, February 1, 2022 and July 26, 2022, respectively. (11) The Company, through the Subsidiary OPs, invested $2.7 million and $1.3 million in this preferred equity investment on April 7, 2022 and May 3, 2022, respectively. (12) The Company reclassified this investment from a mezzanine loan to preferred equity effective January 1, 2023. (13) Real Estate is a 204-unit multifamily property. The following table details overall statistics for our portfolio as of March 31, 2023 (dollars in thousands): | | Total Portfolio | Floating Rate Investments | Fixed Rate Investments | Common Equity Investments | Real Estate Investment | | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- | --- | | Number of investments | 87 | 24 | 58 | 4 | 1 | | Principal balance (1) | $1,655,145 | $368,748 | $1,286,397 | N/A | N/A | | Carrying value | $1,707,201 | $365,100 | $1,205,031 | $77,998 | $59,072 | | Weighted-average cash coupon | 5.67% | 9.13% | 4.68% | N/A | N/A | | Weighted-average all-in yield | 6.71% | 11.17% | 5.35% | N/A | N/A | (1) Cost is used in lieu of principal balance for CMBS I/O Strips. ### Liquidity and Capital Resources Our short-term liquidity requirements consist primarily of funds necessary to pay for our ongoing commitments to repay borrowings, maintain our investments, make distributions to our stockholders and other general business needs. Our investments generate liquidity on an ongoing basis through principal and interest payments, prepayments and dividends. We believe that our available cash, expected operating cash flows, and potential debt or equity financings will provide sufficient funds for our operations, anticipated scheduled debt service payments, potential obligations to purchase up to $30.9 million of the Preferred Units (defined below) and dividend requirements for the twelve-month period following March 31, 2023. Our long-term liquidity requirements consist primarily of acquiring additional investments, scheduled debt payments and distributions. We expect to meet our long-term liquidity requirements through various sources of capital, which may include future debt or equity issuances, net cash provided by operations and other secured and unsecured borrowings. Our leverage is matched in term and structure to provide stable contractual spreads which will protect us from fluctuations in market interest rates over the long-term. However, there are a number of factors that may have a material adverse effect on our ability to access these capital sources, including the state of overall equity and credit markets, our degree of leverage, borrowing restrictions imposed by lenders, general market conditions for REITs and our operating performance and liquidity. We believe that our various sources of capital, which may include future debt or equity issuances, net cash provided by operations and other secured and unsecured borrowings, will provide sufficient funds for our operations, anticipated debt service payments, potential obligations to purchase Preferred Units and dividend requirements for the long-term. | Investment SFR Loans | Asset Metrics Fixed/Floating Rate | Interest Rate | Maturity Date | Debt Metrics Fixed/Floating Rate | Interest Rate | Maturity Date | Net Spread | | --- | --- | ---: | --- | --- | ---: | --- | ---: | | Senior loan | Fixed | 4.65% | 9/1/2028 | Fixed | 2.24% | 9/1/2028 | 2.41% | | Senior loan | Fixed | 5.35% | 2/1/2028 | Fixed | 3.51% | 2/1/2028 | 1.84% | | Senior loan | Fixed | 5.33% | 8/1/2023 | Fixed | 2.48% | 8/1/2023 | 2.85% | | Senior loan | Fixed | 5.30% | 9/1/2028 | Fixed | 2.79% | 9/1/2028 | 2.51% | | Senior loan | Fixed | 5.24% | 10/1/2028 | Fixed | 2.64% | 10/1/2028 | 2.60% | | Senior loan | Fixed | 4.74% | 10/1/2025 | Fixed | 2.14% | 10/1/2025 | 2.60% | | Senior loan | Fixed | 6.10% | 10/1/2028 | Fixed | 3.30% | 10/1/2028 | 2.80% | | Senior loan | Fixed | 5.55% | 11/1/2028 | Fixed | 2.70% | 11/1/2028 | 2.85% | | Senior loan | Fixed | 5.99% | 12/1/2028 | Fixed | 3.14% | 12/1/2028 | 2.85% | | Senior loan | Fixed | 5.46% | 1/1/2029 | Fixed | 2.97% | 1/1/2029 | 2.49% | | Senior loan | Fixed | 5.88% | 1/1/2029 | Fixed | 3.14% | 1/1/2029 | 2.74% | | Senior loan | Fixed | 4.83% | 2/1/2024 | Fixed | 2.40% | 2/1/2024 | 2.43% | | Senior loan | Fixed | 5.34% | 2/1/2029 | Fixed | 2.98% | 2/1/2029 | 2.36% | | Senior loan | Fixed | 5.46% | 3/1/2029 | Fixed | 2.99% | 3/1/2029 | 2.47% | | Senior loan | Fixed | 4.72% | 3/1/2026 | Fixed | 2.45% | 3/1/2026 | 2.27% | | **Mezzanine Loan** | | | | | | | | | Mezzanine | Fixed | 7.50% | 5/1/2029 | Fixed | 0.30% | 5/1/2029 | 7.20% | | Mezzanine | Fixed | 7.42% | 7/1/2031 | Fixed | 0.30% | 7/1/2031 | 7.12% | | Mezzanine | Fixed | 7.59% | 6/1/2029 | Fixed | 0.30% | 6/1/2029 | 7.29% | | Mezzanine | Fixed | 7.83% | 10/1/2028 | Fixed | 0.30% | 10/1/2028 | 7.53% | | Mezzanine | Fixed | 7.71% | 4/1/2031 | Fixed | 0.30% | 4/1/2031 | 7.41% | | Mezzanine | Fixed | 7.32% | 8/1/2031 | Fixed | 0.30% | 8/1/2031 | 7.02% | | Mezzanine | Fixed | 7.22% | 8/1/2031 | Fixed | 0.30% | 8/1/2031 | 6.92% | | Mezzanine | Fixed | 7.33% | 5/1/2029 | Fixed | 0.30% | 5/1/2029 | 7.03% | | Mezzanine | Fixed | 7.53% | 7/1/2031 | Fixed | 0.30% | 7/1/2031 | 7.23% | | Mezzanine | Fixed | 7.42% | 1/1/2029 | Fixed | 0.30% | 1/1/2029 | 7.12% | | Mezzanine | Fixed | 7.42% | 7/1/2031 | Fixed | 0.30% | 7/1/2031 | 7.12% | | Mezzanine | Fixed | 7.42% | 4/1/2031 | Fixed | 0.30% | 4/1/2031 | 7.12% | | Mezzanine | Fixed | 7.74% | 10/1/2028 | Fixed | 0.30% | 10/1/2028 | 7.44% | | Mezzanine | Fixed | 7.71% | 3/1/2029 | Fixed | 0.30% | 3/1/2029 | 7.41% | | Mezzanine | Fixed | 6.91% | 7/1/2029 | Fixed | 0.30% | 7/1/2029 | 6.61% | | Mezzanine | Fixed | 7.89% | 11/1/2028 | Fixed | 0.30% | 11/1/2028 | 7.59% | | Mezzanine | Fixed | 7.89% | 11/1/2028 | Fixed | 0.30% | 11/1/2028 | 7.59% | Our primary sources of liquidity and capital resources to date consist of cash generated from our operating results and the following: ### Freddie Mac Credit Facilities Prior to the Formation Transaction, two of our subsidiaries entered into a loan and security agreement, dated July 12, 2019, with Freddie Mac (the “Credit Facility”). Under the Credit Facility, these entities borrowed approximately $788.8 million in connection with their acquisition of senior pooled mortgage loans backed by SFR properties (the “Underlying Loans”). No additional borrowings can be made under the Credit Facility, and our obligations will be secured by the Underlying Loans. The Credit Facility was assumed by the Company as part of the Formation Transaction. As such, the remaining outstanding balance of $788.8 million was contributed to the Company on February 11, 2020. Our borrowings under the Credit Facility will mature on July 12, 2029; however, if an Underlying Loan matures prior to July 12, 2029, we will be required to repay the portion of the Credit Facility that is allocated to that loan (see Note 10 to our consolidated financial statements for additional information). As of March 31, 2023, the outstanding balance on the Credit Facility was $628.2 million. ### Repurchase Agreements From time to time, we may enter into repurchase agreements to finance the acquisition of our target assets. Repurchase agreements will effectively allow us to borrow against loans and securities that we own in an amount equal to (1) the market value of such loans and/or securities multiplied by (2) the applicable advance rate. Under these agreements, we will sell our loans and securities to a counterparty and agree to repurchase the same loans and securities from the counterparty at a price equal to the original sales price plus an interest factor. During the term of a repurchase agreement, we will receive the principal and interest on the related loans and securities and pay interest to the lender under the repurchase agreement. At any point in time, the amounts and the cost of our repurchase borrowings will be based on the assets being financed. For example, higher risk assets will result in lower advance rates (i.e., levels of leverage) at higher borrowing costs. In addition, these facilities may include various financial covenants and limited recourse guarantees. As discussed in Note 10 to our consolidated financial statements, in connection with our recent CMBS acquisitions, we, through the OP and the Subsidiary OPs, have borrowed approximately $350.4 million under our repurchase agreements and posted approximately $967.1 million par value of our CMBS B-Piece, CMBS I/O Strip, MSCR Notes and mortgage backed security investments as collateral. The CMBS B-Pieces, CMBS I/O Strips, MSCR Notes and mortgage backed securities held as collateral are illiquid and irreplaceable in nature. These assets are restricted solely to satisfy the interest and principal balances owed to the lender. The table below provides additional details regarding recent borrowings under the master repurchase agreements (dollars in thousands): | Master Repurchase Agreements CMBS | March 31, 2023 Facility Date issued | Outstanding face amount | Carrying value | Final stated maturity | | Weighted average interest rate (1) | Weighted average life (years) (2) | Collateral Outstanding face amount | Amortized cost basis | Carrying value (3) | Weighted average life (years) (2) | | --- | --- | ---: | ---: | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | | Mizuho(4) | 4/15/2020 | 350,399 | 350,399 | N/A | (5) | 6.72% | 0.10 | 967,094 | 541,495 | 536,115 | 6.8 | (1) Weighted-average interest rate using unpaid principal balances. (2) Weighted-average life is determined using the maximum maturity date of the corresponding loans, assuming all extension options are exercised by the borrower. (3) CMBS are shown at fair value on an unconsolidated basis. (4) On April 15, 2020, three of our subsidiaries entered into a master repurchase agreement with Mizuho. Borrowings under these repurchase agreements are collateralized by portions of the CMBS B-Pieces, CMBS I/O Strips, MSCR Notes and mortgage backed securities. (5) The master repurchase agreement with Mizuho does not have a stated maturity date. The transactions in place have a one-month to two-month tenor and are expected to roll accordingly. ### At-The-Market Offering On March 15, 2022, the Company, the OP and the Manager separately entered into the 2022 Equity Distribution Agreements with the 2022 Sales Agents, pursuant to which the Company may issue and sell from time to time shares of the Company’s common stock and Series A Preferred Stock having an aggregate sales price of up to $100.0 million in the 2022 ATM Program. The 2022 Equity Distribution Agreements provide for the issuance and sale of common stock or Series A Preferred Stock by the Company through a sales agent acting as a sales agent or directly to the sales agent acting as principal for its own account at a price agreed upon at the time of sale. As of March 31, 2023, pursuant to the 2022 Equity Distribution Agreements, the Company has sold 531,728 shares of its common stock and zero shares of Series A Preferred Stock for total gross sales of $12.6 million. For additional information about the 2022 ATM Program, see Note 12 to our consolidated financial statements. ### Company Notes Offering On January 25, 2022, the Company issued $35.0 million in aggregate principal amount of its 5.75% Notes at a price equal to 100.9% par value, including accrued interest, for proceeds of approximately $35.1 million after original issue discount and underwriting fees. On May 20, 2022, the Company purchased $3.0 million aggregate principal amount of its 5.75% Notes at a price equal to 96.3% par value, including accrued interest, for approximately $2.9 million. The purchased 5.75% Notes were cancelled upon settlement. On June 30, 2022, the Company purchased $2.0 million aggregate principal amount of its 5.75% Notes at a price equal to 96.5% par value, including accrued interest, for approximately $2.0 million. The purchased 5.75% Notes were cancelled upon settlement. ### LIBOR Transition Approximately 3.9% of our portfolio by unpaid principal balance as of March 31, 2023 pays interest at a variable rate that is tied to LIBOR. On March 5, 2021, the Financial Conduct Authority of the U.K. announced that all of the LIBOR settings will either cease to be provided by any administrator or no longer be representative (i) immediately after December 31, 2021, in the case of the 1-week and 2-month US dollar settings; and (ii) immediately after June 30, 2023, in the case of the remaining one-month, three-month, six-month and twelve-month US dollar settings. The U.S. Federal Reserve, in conjunction with the Alternative Reference Rates Committee, a steering committee convened by the U.S. Federal Reserve Board and comprised of large U.S. financial institutions, has recommended replacing U.S. dollar LIBOR with the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR"), an index calculated by short-term repurchase agreements backed by U.S. Treasury securities. Approximately 12.9% of our portfolio by unpaid principal balance as of March 31, 2023 pays interest at a variable rate that is tied to SOFR, and it is anticipated that future investments we make may have variable interest rates tied to SOFR. Although there have been issuances utilizing SOFR, or the Sterling Over Night Index Average, an alternative reference rate that is based on transactions, it is unknown whether these alternative rates will attain market acceptance as a replacement for LIBOR. In connection with the foregoing, we may need to renegotiate some of our agreements to determine a replacement index rate. As of March 31, 2023, the Company has received LIBOR transition notices under its loan agreements tied to LIBOR stating such loans will transition to SOFR on the first adjustment date subsequent to June 30, 2023. The Company expects this transition to have an immaterial effect on the effected loans' interest rates. Any changes to benchmark interest rates could increase our financing costs, which could impact our results of operations, cash flows and the market value of our investments and result in mismatches with the interest rate of investments that we are financing. ### Other Potential Sources of Financing We may seek additional sources of liquidity from further repurchase facilities, other borrowings and future offerings of common and preferred equity and debt securities and contributions from existing holders of the OP or Subsidiary OPs. In addition, we may apply our existing cash and cash equivalents and cash flows from operations to any liquidity needs. As of March 31, 2023, our cash and cash equivalents were $40.3 million. ### Cash Flows The following table presents selected data from our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022 (in thousands): | | For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 | 2022 | | --- | ---: | ---: | | Net cash provided by operating activities | $14,950 | $37,716 | | Net cash provided by investing activities | 66,732 | 73,399 | | Net cash (used in) financing activities | (61,704) | (102,136) | | Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | 19,978 | 8,979 | | Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period | 20,347 | 33,232 | | Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period | $40,325 | $42,211 | 57 *Cash flows from operating activities.* During the three months ended March 31, 2023, net cash provided by operating activities was $15.0 million, compared to net cash provided by operating activities of $37.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. This decrease was primarily due to the decrease in interest income generated by our investments. *Cash flows from investing activities.* During the three months ended March 31, 2023, net cash provided by investing activities was $66.7 million, compared to net cash provided by operating activities of $73.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. This decrease was primarily driven by the decrease in proceeds received from payments on mortgage loans held in VIEs. *Cash flows from financing activities.* During the three months ended March 31, 2023, net cash used in financing activities was $61.7 million, compared to net cash used in financing activities of $102.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. This decrease was primarily driven by the decrease in distributions to bondholders of VIEs. ### Emerging Growth Company and Smaller Reporting Company Status Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act, for complying with new or revised accounting standards applicable to public companies. In other words, an emerging growth company can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have elected to take advantage of this extended transition period. As a result of this election, our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with public company effective dates for such new or revised standards. We may elect to comply with public company effective dates at any time, and such election would be irrevocable pursuant to Section 107(b) of the JOBS Act. We are also a “smaller reporting company” as defined in Regulation S-K under the Securities Act, and may elect to take advantage of certain of the scaled disclosures available to smaller reporting companies. We may be a smaller reporting company even after we are no longer an “emerging growth company.” ### Income Taxes We elected to be treated as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, beginning with our taxable year ended December 31, 2020. We believe that our organization and proposed method of operation will enable us to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT. To qualify as a REIT, we must meet certain organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement to distribute at least 90% of our annual REIT taxable income to stockholders. As a REIT, we will be subject to federal income tax on our undistributed REIT taxable income and net capital gain and to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on any amount by which distributions we pay with respect to any calendar year are less than the sum of (1) 85% of our ordinary income, (2) 95% of our capital gain net income and (3) 100% of our undistributed income from prior years. Taxable income from certain non-REIT activities is managed through a TRS and is subject to applicable federal, state, and local income and margin taxes. We had no significant taxes associated with our TRS for the three months ended March 31, 2023. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on our taxable income at regular corporate income tax rates, and dividends paid to our stockholders would not be deductible by us in computing taxable income. Any resulting corporate liability could be substantial and could materially and adversely affect our net income and net cash available for distribution to stockholders. Unless we were entitled to relief under certain Code provisions, we also would be disqualified from re-electing to be taxed as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year in which we failed to qualify to be taxed as a REIT. We evaluate the accounting and disclosure of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in the course of preparing our tax returns to determine whether the tax positions are “more-likely-than-not” (greater than 50 percent probability) of being sustained by the applicable tax authority. Tax positions not deemed to meet the more-likely-than-not threshold would be recorded as a tax benefit or expense in the current year. Our management is required to analyze all open tax years, as defined by the statute of limitations, for all major jurisdictions, which include federal and certain states. We have no examinations in progress, and none are expected at this time for open tax years 2020 through 2023. We recognize our tax positions and evaluate them using a two-step process. First, we determine whether a tax position is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. Second, we will determine the amount of benefit to recognize and record the amount that is more likely than not to be realized upon ultimate settlement. We had no material unrecognized tax benefit or expense, accrued interest or penalties as of March 31, 2023. ### Dividends We intend to make regular quarterly dividend payments to holders of our common stock. We also intend to make the accrued dividend payments on the Series A Preferred Stock, which are payable quarterly in arrears as provided in the articles supplementary setting forth the terms of the Series A Preferred Stock. U.S. federal income tax law generally requires that a REIT distribute annually at least 90% of its REIT taxable income, without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains. As a REIT, we will be subject to federal income tax on our undistributed REIT taxable income and net capital gain and to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on any amount by which distributions we pay with respect to any calendar year are less than the sum of (1) 85% of our ordinary income, (2) 95% of our capital gain net income and (3) 100% of our undistributed income from prior years. We intend to make regular quarterly dividend payments of all or substantially all of our taxable income, which is not used to pay a dividend on the Series A Preferred Stock, to holders of our common stock out of assets legally available for this purpose, if and to the extent authorized by our Board. Before we make any dividend payments, whether for U.S. federal income tax purposes or otherwise, we must first meet both our operating requirements and debt service on our debt payable. If our cash available for distribution is less than our taxable income, we could be required to sell assets, borrow funds or raise additional capital to make cash dividends or we may make a portion of the required dividend in the form of a taxable distribution of stock or debt securities. We will make dividend payments to holders of our common stock based on our estimate of taxable earnings per share of common stock, but not earnings calculated pursuant to GAAP. Our dividends and taxable income and GAAP earnings will typically differ due to items such as depreciation and amortization, fair-value adjustments, differences in premium amortization and discount accretion and non-deductible G&A expenses. Our quarterly dividends per share of our common stock may be substantially different than our quarterly taxable earnings and GAAP earnings per share. Our Board declared our first regular quarterly dividend of 2023 to common stockholders of $0.50 per share on February 22, 2023, which was paid on March 31, 2023 to common stockholders of record as of March 15, 2023. Our Board declared a special dividend to common stockholders of $0.185 per share on February 22, 2023, which was paid on March 31, 2023 to common stockholders of record on March 15, 2023. On December 15, 2022, our Board declared a preferred stock dividend of $0.53125 per share, which was paid on January 25, 2023 to preferred stockholders of record as of January 13, 2023. On February 22, 2023, our Board declared a preferred stock dividend of $0.53125 per share, which was paid on April 25, 2023 to preferred stockholders of record as of April 13, 2023. ### Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements As of March 31, 2023, we had one off balance sheet arrangement that has or is reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources. On December 8, 2022 and in connection with a restructuring of NSP, the Company, through REIT Sub, together with the Co-Guarantors, as guarantors, entered into a Sponsor Guaranty Agreement in favor of Extra Space pursuant to which REIT Sub and the Co-Guarantors guaranteed obligations of NSP with respect to NSP’s newly created Series D Preferred Stock and two promissory notes in an aggregate principal amount of approximately $64.2 million issued to Extra Space. The guaranties by REIT Sub and the Co-Guarantors are capped at $97.6 million, which amount will be reduced as the guaranteed obligations of NSP are paid. Each of REIT Sub and the Co-Guarantors generally guaranteed the foregoing obligations of NSP up to the cap amount on a pro rata basis with respect to its percentage ownership of NSP’s common stock. The maximum liability of REIT Sub under the guaranties is approximately $83.8 million. As of March 31, 2023, the Company owns approximately 25.7% of the total outstanding shares of common stock of NSP. ### Commitments and Contingencies Except as otherwise disclosed below, the Company is not aware of any contractual obligations, legal proceedings or any other contingent obligations incurred in the normal course of business that would have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial statements. On September 29, 2021, the Company, through one of the Subsidiary OPs, entered into an agreement to purchase up to $50.0 million in a new preferred equity investment (the “Preferred Units”) upon notice from the issuer. Subject to certain conditions, the Company may be required to purchase an additional $25.0 million of Preferred Units at the option of the issuer. The funds are expected to be used to capitalize special purpose limited liability companies (“PropCos”) to engage in sale-and-leaseback transactions and development transactions on life science real property. The Company funded $3.0 million on September 29, 2021, on November 8, 2021, the Company funded $30.0 million which was subsequently redeemed in 2022, on December 20, 2021, the Company funded $3.8 million, on January 14, 2022, the Company funded $0.9 million, on January 19, 2022, the Company funded $0.2 million, on January 27, 2022, the Company funded $18.5 million, on October 19, 2022, the Company funded $15.0 million, on January, 12, 2023, the Company funded $1.0 million, and on March 3, 2023, the Company funded $1.7 million. As of March 31, 2023, the Company may have the obligation to fund an additional $30.9 million by September 29, 2023, which the issuer may extend for up to two years at its option for an extension fee. The Preferred Units accrue distributions at a rate of 10.0% annually, compounded monthly. Distributions on the Preferred Units will be paid in cash with respect to stabilized PropCos and paid in kind with respect to unstabilized PropCos. The obligations of the issuer will be supported by a pledge of all equity units of the PropCos. All or a portion of the Preferred Units may be redeemed at any time for a redemption price equal to the purchase price of the Preferred Units to be redeemed plus any accrued and unpaid distributions thereon and a cash redemption fee. Upon the redemption of any Preferred Units and if the parties agree, the remaining amount to be funded by the Company may be increased by the aggregate purchase price of the redeemed Preferred Units. In addition, if the issuer experiences a change of control, the redemption price will also include a payment equal to the amount needed to achieve MOIC equal to 1.25x for unstabilized PropCos and 1.10x for stabilized PropCos. As of March 31, 2023, the Company has not recorded any contingencies on its Consolidated Balance Sheets as the obligation to fund additional Preferred Units other than under the existing commitment is considered remote for the three months ended March 31, 2023. On December 8, 2022 and in connection with a restructuring of NSP, the Company, through REIT Sub, together with NexPoint Diversified Real Estate Trust, Highland Income Fund and NexPoint Real Estate Strategies Fund (collectively, the "Co-Guarantors"), as guarantors, entered into a Sponsor Guaranty Agreement in favor of Extra Space Storage, LP ("Extra Space") pursuant to which REIT Sub and the Co-Guarantors guaranteed obligations of NSP with respect to NSP’s newly created Series D Preferred Stock and two promissory notes in an aggregate principal amount of approximately $64.2 million issued to Extra Space. The guaranties by REIT Sub and the Co-Guarantors are capped at $97.6 million, which cap amount will be reduced as the guaranteed obligations of NSP are paid. Each of REIT Sub and the Co-Guarantors generally guaranteed the foregoing obligations of NSP up to the cap amount on a pro rata basis with respect to its percentage ownership of NSP’s common stock. The maximum liability of REIT Sub under the guaranties is approximately $83.8 million. As of March 31, 2023, the Company owns approximately 25.7% of the total outstanding shares of common stock of NSP. As of March 31, 2023, the Company has not recorded any contingencies on its Consolidated Balance Sheets as the obligation under the guaranty is considered remote. The OP Notes previously described in Note 10 are fully guaranteed by the Company. As of March 31, 2023, there has been no indication that the OP will not be able to satisfy the terms of the OP Notes. The Company considers any action required under the guaranty to be remote. On March 14, 2023, the Company, through one of the Subsidiary OPs, committed to fund $24.0 million of preferred equity with respect to a ground up construction horizontal multifamily property located in Surprise, Arizona. The Company has not funded this investment as of March 31, 2023. The preferred equity investment provides a floating annual return that is the greater of prime rate plus 5.0% or 11.25%, compounded monthly with a MOIC of 1.30x and 1.0% placement fee. Further, participation rights following the distribution of the Company's preferred return and return of capital, additional cash flow and net sale proceeds shall be distributed as follows: - 0% to the Company/100% to issuer up to a 20.0% IRR - 10% to the Company/90% to issuer thereafter On February 10, 2023, the Company, through one of the Subsidiary OPs, through a unit purchase agreement, committed to purchase $30.3 million of the preferred units with respect to a multifamily property development located in Forney, Texas, of which $16.3 million was unfunded as of March 31, 2023. Further, the Company committed to purchase $4.3 million of common equity with respect to the same property, of which $3.8 million was unfunded as of March 31, 2023. On February 10, 2023, the Company, through one of the Subsidiary OPs, through a unit purchase agreement, committed to purchase $30.3 million of the preferred units with respect to a multifamily property development located in Mechanicsville, Virginia, of which $19.1 million was unfunded as of March 31, 2023. Further, the Company committed to purchase $4.3 million of common equity with respect to the same property, of which $3.8 million was unfunded as of March 31, 2023. ### Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires our management to make judgments, assumptions and estimates that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We evaluate these judgments, assumptions and estimates for changes that would affect the reported amounts. These estimates are based on management’s historical industry experience and on various other judgments and assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these judgments, assumptions and estimates. Below is a discussion of the accounting policies and estimates that involve significant estimation uncertainty that have or are reasonably likely to have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations. A discussion of recent accounting pronouncements and our significant accounting policies, including further discussion of the accounting policies described below, can be found in Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements. #### Allowance for Credit Losses In prior periods, the Company, with the assistance of an independent valuations firm, performed a quarterly evaluation of loans classified as held for investment for impairment on a loan-by-loan basis in accordance with ASC 310-10-35, *Receivables, Subsequent Measurement (“*ASC 310-10-35”). If the Company determined that it was probable that it would be unable to collect all amounts owed according to the contractual terms of a loan, impairment of that loan was indicated. If a loan was considered to be impaired, the Company would establish an allowance for loan losses, through a valuation provision in earnings that reduced carrying value of the loan to the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s contractual effective rate or the fair value of the collateral, if repayment was expected solely from the collateral. For non-impaired loans with no specific allowance the Company determined an allowance for loan losses in accordance with ASC 450-20, *Loss Contingencies (“*ASC 450-20”), which represented management’s best estimate of incurred losses inherent in the portfolio at the balance sheet date, excluding impaired loans and loans carried at fair value. Management considered quantitative factors likely to cause estimated credit losses, including default rate and loss severity rates. The Company also evaluated qualitative factors such as macroeconomic conditions, evaluations of underlying collateral, trends in delinquencies and non-performing assets. Increases to (or reversals of) the allowance for loan loss for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 are included in “Loan loss (provision)” on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, *Financial Instruments – Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“*ASU 2016-13”), which establishes credit losses on certain types of financial instruments. The new approach changes the impairment model for most financial assets and requires the use of a current expected credit loss ("CECL") model for financial instruments measured at amortized cost and certain other instruments. This model applies to trade and other receivables, loans, debt securities, net investments in leases and off-balance sheet credit exposures (such as loan commitments, standby letters of credit and financial guarantees not accounted for as insurance) and requires entities to estimate the lifetime expected credit loss on such instruments and record an allowance that represents the portion of the amortized cost basis that the entity does not expect to collect. We adopted the guidance as of January 1, 2023. The implementation process included the utilization of loan loss forecasting models, updates to our loan credit loss policy documentation, changes to internal reporting processes and related internal controls, and overall operational readiness for our adoption of the new standard. We have implemented loan loss forecasting models for estimating expected life-time credit losses, at the individual loan level, for our loan portfolio. The CECL forecasting methods used by the Company include (i) a probability of default and loss given default method using underlying third-party CMBS/Commercial Real Estate loan database with historical loan losses from 1998 to 2022, and (ii) probability weighted expected cash flow method, depending on the type of loan and the availability of relevant historical market loan loss data. We might use other acceptable alternative approaches in the future depending on, among other factors, the type of loan, underlying collateral, and availability of relevant historical market loan loss data. Significant inputs to our forecasting methods include (i) key loan-specific inputs such as loan-to-value, vintage year, loan-term, underlying property type, occupancy, geographic location, performance against the underwritten business plan, and our internal loan risk rating, and (ii) a macro-economic environment forecast. The allowance for loan and lease losses reserve as of December 31, 2022, was $0.7 million and the CECL reserve as of January 1, 2023, is $2.3 million. As such, the cumulative effect of adoption of ASU 2016-13 is a $1.6 million reduction in retained earnings. The reversal of (provision for) credit losses of $0.034 million is included in other income on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations, resulting in a March 31, 2023 ending allowance for credit loss of $2.3 million. Significant judgment is required in determining impairment and in estimating the resulting loss allowance, and actual losses, if any, could materially differ from those estimates. #### Valuation of Common Equity As of March 31, 2023, the Company owns approximately 25.7% of the total outstanding shares of NSP and thus can exercise significant influence over NSP. The Company elected the fair-value option in accordance with ASC 825-10-10. On a quarterly basis, the Company, with the assistance of an independent third-party valuation firm, determines the fair value for subsequent measurement absent a readily available market price. The valuation is determined using widely accepted valuation techniques consistent with the principles of ASC 820. Specifically, these techniques include the discounted cash flow methodology whereby observable market terminal capitalization rates and discount rates are applied to projected cash flows generated by self-storage assets owned by NSP. The necessary inputs for the valuation include projected cash flows of NSP, terminal capitalization rates and discount rates. These inputs are reflective of public company comparables, but are assumptions and estimates. As a result, the determination of fair value involves significant estimation uncertainty because it involves subjective judgments and estimates that are based on unobservable inputs. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the unrealized loss related to the change in fair value estimate is $0.2 million. See Notes 5 and 11 to our consolidated financial statements for additional disclosures regarding the valuation of NSP. As of March 31, 2023, the Company owns approximately 6.36% of the total outstanding common equity of the Private REIT. The Company records the Private REIT at fair value in accordance with ASC 321. The valuation is determined using a market approach. The necessary input for the valuation includes the yield of the Private REIT. As a result, the determination of fair value is uncertain because it involves subjective judgments and estimates that are unobservable. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the unrealized loss related to the change in fair value estimate is $1.0 million. See Notes 5 and 11 to our consolidated financial statements for additional disclosures regarding the valuation of the Private REIT. As of March 31, 2023, the Company owns approximately 98.0% of the total outstanding common equity of each of RFGH and RTB. The Company presented RFGH and RTB at the recent transaction price for the three months ended March 31, 2023. See Notes 5 and 11 to our consolidated financial statements for additional disclosures regarding the equity method investments RFGH and RTB. ### REIT Tax Election We elected to be treated as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Code. To qualify as a REIT, we must meet a number of organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement that we distribute at least 90% of our “REIT taxable income,” as defined by the Code, to our stockholders. Taxable income from certain non-REIT activities is managed through a TRS and is subject to applicable federal, state, and local income and margin taxes. We had no significant taxes associated with our TRS for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022. We believe that our organization and current and proposed method of operation will allow us to qualify for taxation as a REIT, but no assurance can be given that we will operate in a manner so as to qualify as a REIT. ## Controls and procedures As filed, 3,728 characters. ### Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures As required by Rule 13a-15(b) and Rule 15d-15(b) under the Exchange Act, our management, including our President and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated, as of March 31, 2023, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e). Based on that evaluation, our President and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of March 31, 2023, due to the material weakness described in Part II, Item 9A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 filed with the SEC on March 31, 2022, to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by the rules and forms of the Exchange Act and is accumulated and communicated to management, including the President and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. Management nonetheless determined that the consolidated financial statements and related financial information included in this quarterly report fairly present in all material respects our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows as of the dates presented, and for the periods ended on such dates, in conformity with GAAP. Management’s determination is based on a number of factors, including, but not limited to, management’s performance of additional analysis and other post-closing procedures as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2023. #### Remediation Plan Management is committed to implementing changes to our internal control over financial reporting to ensure that the material weakness is remediated. We have evaluated the impact of the material weakness and have implemented the following changes: We implemented a pre-close and post-close acquisition checklist for proposed investments. The pre-close checklist includes a formal accounting analysis and review of the contract terms and structure of the proposed investment. Subsequently, after a transaction closes, accounting personnel will obtain the final executed documents and compare and review for any changes to initial accounting conclusions reached in the pre-check review. Any differences will be corrected prior to the quarter close. Management believes that this control will prevent the conditions that led to the material weakness described above. While we believe that these actions will remediate the material weakness, we have not completed all of the corrective processes, procedures and related evaluation or remediation that we believe are necessary. As we continue to evaluate and work to remediate the material weakness, we may take additional measures to address the material weakness. Until the remediation steps set forth above, including the efforts to implement the necessary control activities we identify, are fully implemented and concluded to be operating effectively for a sufficient period of time, the material weakness described above will not be considered remediated. ### Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting Other than ongoing remediation to address the material weakness in internal control over financial reporting described above, there has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the quarter ended March 31, 2023 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. ## Risk factors As filed, 186 characters. There have been no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed under Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 31, 2023. Filed May 11, 2023. Source: SEC EDGAR, the filing index for accession 0001786248-23-000009. Last ingested by Listed: Nov 5, 2026, 11:31 ET. No prices; not investment advice.