Park Ohio Holdings Corp: Form 10-Q for the period ended Sep 30, 2024

Our condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. and its subsidiaries (collectively, “we,” “our,” or the “Company”). All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW

We are a diversified international company providing world-class customers with a supply chain management outsourcing service, capital equipment used on their production lines, and manufactured components used to assemble their products. We operate through three reportable segments: Supply Technologies, Assembly Components and Engineered Products.

Supply Technologies provides our customers with Total Supply Management™, a proactive solutions approach that manages the efficiencies of every aspect of supplying production parts and materials to our customers’ manufacturing floor, from strategic planning to program implementation. Total Supply Management™ includes such services as engineering and design support, part usage and cost analysis, supplier selection, quality assurance, bar coding, product packaging and tracking, just-in-time and point-of-use delivery, electronic billing services and ongoing technical support. Our Supply Technologies business services customers in the following principal industries: heavy-duty truck; power sports and recreational equipment; aerospace and defense; semiconductor equipment; electrical distribution and controls; consumer electronics; bus and coaches; automotive; agricultural and industrial equipment; HVAC; lawn and garden; plumbing; and medical devices.

Assembly Components manufactures products oriented towards fuel efficiency and reduced emission standards. Assembly Components designs, develops and manufactures aluminum products and highly efficient, high pressure direct fuel injection fuel rails and pipes; fuel filler pipes that route fuel from the gas cap to the gas tank; flexible multi-layer plastic and rubber assemblies used to transport fuel from the vehicle's gas tank and then, at extreme high pressure, to the engine's fuel injector nozzles. Our product offerings include gasoline direct injection systems and fuel filler assemblies, and industrial hose and injected molded rubber and plastic components. Our products are primarily used in the following industries: including automotive and light-vehicle; agricultural equipment; construction equipment; heavy-duty truck; and bus.

Engineered Products operates a diverse group of niche manufacturing businesses that design and manufacture a broad range of highly-engineered products, including induction heating and melting systems, pipe threading systems and forged and machined products. Engineered Products also produces and provides services and spare parts for the equipment it manufactures. The principal customers of Engineered Products are OEMs, sub-assemblers and end users in the following industries: ferrous and non-ferrous metals; coatings; forging; foundry; heavy-duty truck; construction equipment; automotive; oil and gas; rail; aerospace and defense; and power generation.

Sales and operating income for these three segments are provided in Note 4 to the condensed consolidated financial statements, included elsewhere herein.

During the fourth quarter of 2022, we determined that our Aluminum Products business met the held-for-sale and discontinued operations accounting criteria. Accordingly, the Company has reported the held-for-sale assets and liabilities, the operating results and the cash flows of Aluminum Products in discontinued operations for all periods presented throughout this Report on Form 10-Q. On December 29, 2023, the Company sold this business to Angstrom Automotive Group for approximately $50 million in cash and promissory notes, plus the assumption of approximately $3 million of financial lease obligations. The total purchase price consisted of a cash down payment of $20.0 million paid to the Company in December 2022; cash of $15.5 million paid to the Company at closing; and promissory notes totaling up to $15.0 million payable to the Company on approximately the one-year anniversary of the sale, of which up to $10.0 million is contingent on the Aluminum Products business attaining certain purchase commitments during 2024. See Note 5, “Discontinued Operations,” to the condensed consolidated financial statements, included elsewhere herein.

RESULTS OF CONTINUING OPERATIONS

Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 Compared with Three Months Ended September 30, 2023

(Dollars in millions, except per share data)

*Calculation not meaningful

Net Sales

Net sales decreased 0.3% to $417.6 million in the third quarter of 2024 compared to $418.8 million in the same period in 2023. We continued to see strong customer demand in our Supply Technologies segment and the capital equipment business in our Engineered Products segment, offset by lower product pricing in our Assembly Components segment.

The factors explaining the changes in segment net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the corresponding 2023 period are contained within the “Segment Results” section below.

Cost of Sales and Gross Margin

Cost of sales decreased to $345.3 million in the third quarter of 2024 compared to $348.8 million in the same period in 2023. The decrease in cost of sales was primarily due to the decrease in net sales for the 2024 period compared to the corresponding period in 2023, plus the impact of ongoing profit improvement initiatives. Gross margin improved 60 basis points to 17.3% in the 2024 period compared to 16.7% in the corresponding 2023 period, driven by improved profitability in our Supply Technologies segment; higher sales and improved margins in our capital equipment business; and ongoing profit improvement initiatives across the company.

SG&A Expenses

SG&A expenses were $47.8 million in the third quarter of 2024 compared to $43.0 million in the comparable period in 2023, an increase of 11.2%. As a percentage of net sales, SG&A expenses were 11.4% in the third quarter of 2024 compared to

10.3% in corresponding 2023 period. The SG&A expense increase as a percentage of net sales was driven by higher costs due to ongoing inflation and higher employee costs.

Restructuring, Acquisition-Related and Other Special Charges

During the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recorded $0.9 million of restructuring and other special charges in our Assembly Components and Engineered Products segments.

Other Components of Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits (“OPEB”) Income, Net

Other components of pension and OPEB income, net was $1.1 million in the quarter ended September 30, 2024 compared to $0.6 million in the corresponding quarter in 2023. This increase was due to lower net actuarial losses impacting 2024 compared to 2023.

Interest Expense, Net

Interest expense, net was $12.1 million in the third quarter of 2024 compared to $11.6 million in the 2023 third quarter. The increase was due primarily to higher interest rates, offset slightly by lower average outstanding debt balances in the 2024 third quarter compared to the same quarter a year ago.

Income Tax Expense

In the three months ended September 30, 2024, income tax benefit was $0.6 million on pre-tax income from continuing operations of $12.6 million. In the three month period, we recognized a benefit of $2.4 million primarily due to changes in estimates related to prior year federal research and development credits. In the three months ended September 30, 2023, income tax expense was $3.8 million on pre-tax income of $16.0 million, representing an effective income tax rate of 24%.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 Compared with Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023

(Dollars in millions, except per share data)

*Calculation not meaningful

Net Sales

Net sales decreased 0.2% to $1,267.8 million in the first nine months of 2024 compared to $1,270.4 million in the same period in 2023. This decrease was primarily due to lower sales in the Assembly Components segment, partially offset by increased sales in our Supply Technologies segment and the capital equipment business in our Engineered Products segment.

The factors explaining the changes in segment net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the corresponding 2023 period are contained in the “Segment Results” section below.

Cost of Sales and Gross Margin

Cost of sales decreased to $1,050.9 million in the first nine months of 2024 compared to $1,063.1 million in the same period in 2023, driven by ongoing profit improvement initiatives and the decrease in net sales described above. Gross margin was 17.1% in the 2024 period compared to 16.3% in the corresponding 2023 period. The year-over-year gross margin improvement was driven by improved operating profit in our Supply Technologies segment; higher sales and improved margins in our capital equipment business; and ongoing profit improvement initiatives.

SG&A Expenses

SG&A expenses were $142.3 million in the first nine months of 2024, compared to $135.1 million in the same period in 2023, an increase of 5.3%. As a percentage of net sales, SG&A expenses were 11.2% in the first nine months of 2024 compared to 10.6% in the comparable period in 2023. These increases were driven by ongoing inflation and higher employee costs.

Restructuring, Acquisition-Related and Other Special Charges

During the first nine months of 2024, the Company recorded $2.1 million in connection restructuring and other special charges, primarily in our Engineered Products segment, as well as acquisition-related charges of $0.3 million in connection with the acquisition of EMA Indutec GmbH (“EMA”).

During the first nine months of 2023, the Company recorded restructuring, acquisition-related and other special charges of $6.6 million, primarily in our Assembly Components and Engineered Products segments.

Gains on Sales of Assets

During the first nine months of 2023, in connection with the plant closure and consolidation initiatives, the Company sold real estate within its Engineered Products segment for cash proceeds of $1.4 million, resulting in a gain of $0.8 million.

Other Components of Pension and OPEB Income, Net

Other components of pension and OPEB income, net was $3.8 million in the first nine months of 2024 compared to $1.9 million in the corresponding period in 2023. This increase was due to lower net actuarial losses impacting 2024 compared to 2023.

Interest Expense, Net

Interest expense, net was $36.0 million in the first nine months of 2024 compared to $33.4 million in the 2023 period. The increase was due primarily to higher interest rates, offset slightly by lower average outstanding debt balances in the 2024 period compared to the same period a year ago.

Income Tax Expense

In the nine months ended September 30, 2024, income tax expense was $5.3 million on pre-tax income from continuing operations of $40.0 million, representing an effective income tax rate of 13%. In the nine months period, we recognized a benefit of $2.4 million primarily due to changes in estimates related to prior year federal research and development credits. In the nine months ended September 30, 2023, income tax expense was $8.5 million on pre-tax income of $34.9 million, representing an effective income tax rate of 24%.

SEGMENT RESULTS

For purposes of business segment performance measurement, the Company utilizes segment operating income, which is defined as revenues less expenses identifiable to the product lines within each segment. The Company does not allocate items that are non-operating or unusual in nature or are corporate costs, which include but are not limited to executive and share-based compensation and corporate office costs.

Supply Technologies Segment

(Dollars in millions)

Three months ended September 30:

Net sales increased $1.7 million, or 1%, in the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the 2023 period due continued strong demand in many of the Company's key end markets, with the largest increases in the aerospace and defense, consumer electronics, electrical distribution and medical equipment end markets, offset by lower year-over-year sales in our heavy-duty truck and power sports end markets. In addition, net sales benefited from strong customer demand continued in our fastener manufacturing business.

Segment operating income increased $4.9 million, or 31%, to $20.5 million in the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the 2023 period, and segment operating income margin increased 240 basis points in the 2024 period compared to the same period a year ago. These increases were due primarily to an increase in sales of higher-margin products, strong operational execution, and continued strong demand in our fastener manufacturing business.

Nine months ended September 30:

Net sales increased $8.1 million, or 1%, in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the 2023 period due to continued strong demand in most of the Company's key end markets, with the largest increases in the aerospace and defense and heavy-duty truck end markets, partially offset by decreases in the agricultural and industrial equipment, semiconductor and truck and truck-related equipment end markets. In addition, net sales benefited from higher customer demand for our proprietary products throughout North America and Europe in our fastener manufacturing business.

Segment operating income increased $14.0 million, or 31%, to $59.0 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the 2023 period, and segment operating income margin increased 220 basis points in the 2024 period compared to the same period a year ago. These increases were due primarily to an increase in sales of higher-margin products and lower operating costs in our supply chain business, and strong demand in our fastener manufacturing business.

Assembly Components Segment

(Dollars in millions)

Three months ended September 30:

Net sales were $9.7 million, or 9%, lower in the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the 2023 period. The decrease was due primarily to lower product pricing on certain legacy programs and lower unit volumes primarily on end-of-life programs, partially offset by higher product pricing on certain other programs.

Segment operating income decreased to $6.1 million in the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $11.2 million in the 2023 period. The decrease in operating income and margin in the third quarter of 2024 compared to the 2023 third quarter was due to the lower product pricing and unit volumes, which were partially offset by profit enhancement initiatives in the 2024 period. The 2024 period also included $0.5 million of charges related to restructuring activities.

Nine months ended September 30:

Net sales were $21.8 million, or 7%, lower in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the 2023 period. The decrease was due primarily to lower product pricing on certain legacy programs and lower unit volumes primarily on end-of-life programs, partially offset by higher product pricing on certain other programs.

Segment operating income decreased to $21.6 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $26.9 million in the 2023 period. The decrease was due to the lower product pricing and unit volumes, which were partially offset by profit enhancement initiatives in the 2024 period. Segment operating income margin decreased 110 basis points in the 2024 period compared to the same period a year ago. The 2024 period also included $0.5 million of charges related to restructuring activities. During the 2023 period, we incurred restructuring and other special charges of $1.5 million.

Engineered Products Segment

(Dollars in millions)

Three months ended September 30:

Net sales increased 5.8% in the 2024 period compared to the 2023 period. The increase was driven by higher sales in both our new capital equipment and aftermarket parts and services businesses in North America and Europe.

Segment operating income in the 2024 period decreased $2.3 million compared to the 2023 period. Segment operating income margin decreased 210 basis points in the 2024 period compared to the 2023 period. The lower profitability in the 2024 third quarter was driven by lower sales levels and operating margins in our forged and machined products business, which more than offset higher sales and profitability in our capital equipment business.

Nine months ended September 30:

Net sales increased 3.1% in the 2024 period compared to the 2023 period. The increase was driven by higher capital equipment and aftermarket sales.

Segment operating income in the 2024 period decreased $0.7 million compared to the 2023 period as a result of higher operating costs in our forged and machined products business, partially offset by the higher sales and margins in our capital equipment business. During the 2024 and 2023 periods, we incurred restructuring and other special charges of $1.6 million and $4.9 million, respectively.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The following table summarizes the major components of cash flow:

(In millions)

Operating Activities

In the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we generated cash of $8.6 million compared to $24.3 million in the same period of 2023. Cash flow from operating activities was lower in 2024 due to higher working capital needs.

Investing Activities

Capital expenditures were $22.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and were primarily to provide increased capacity for future growth in our Engineered Products and Assembly Components segments, to maintain existing operations and for information system implementation. Additionally, during the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company paid $11.0 million, net of cash acquired for the EMA acquisition.

Capital expenditures were $20.8 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and were primarily to provide increased capacity for future growth in our Engineered Products and Assembly Components segments, for facility consolidation in our Engineered Products segment and to maintain existing operations.

Financing Activities

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we had net debt borrowings of $18.4 million to fund capital expenditures and the EMA acquisition. In addition, in the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company generated proceeds from common stock issuances totaling $24.7 million, made scheduled payments related to prior acquisitions totaling $2.2 million and made cash dividend payments totaling $5.4 million. See Note 15, “Weighted-Average Number of Shares Used in Computing Earnings Per Share,” to the condensed consolidated financial statements, included elsewhere herein, for further discussion about the common stock issuances.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we had net debt borrowings of $5.4 million to fund a portion of our capital expenditures. In addition, the Company made scheduled payments related to prior acquisitions totaling $2.1 million and made cash dividend payments to shareholders totaling $4.9 million.

We do not have off-balance sheet arrangements, financing or other relationships with unconsolidated entities or other persons, other than the letters of credits disclosed in Note 10 to the condensed consolidated financial statements, included elsewhere herein.

Liquidity

Our liquidity needs are primarily for working capital, capital expenditures, dividends and acquisitions. Our primary sources of liquidity have been funds provided by operations, funds available from existing bank credit arrangements and the sale of our debt securities. Our existing financial resources (working capital, available bank borrowing arrangements and our at the market program) and anticipated cash flow from operations are expected to be adequate to meet anticipated cash requirements for at least the next twelve months and the foreseeable future thereafter, including but not limited to our ability to maintain current operations and fund capital expenditure requirements, service our debt, pursue acquisitions, pay dividends and repurchase common shares. For more information about our at the market program and other sales of common stock, see Note 15, “Weighted-Average Number of Shares Used in Computing Earnings Per Share,” to the condensed consolidated financial statements, included elsewhere herein.

As of September 30, 2024, we had total liquidity of $194.4 million, which included $59.5 million of cash and cash equivalents and $134.9 million of unused borrowing availability under our credit agreements, which includes $18.1 million of suppressed availability.

The Company had cash and cash equivalents held by foreign subsidiaries of $48.6 million at September 30, 2024 and $44.6 million at December 31, 2023. We do not expect restrictions on repatriation of cash held outside the U.S. to have a material effect on our overall liquidity, financial condition or results of operations for the foreseeable future.

The Company has two components to its assertion regarding reinvestment of foreign earnings outside of the United States. First, for all foreign subsidiaries except RB&W Corporation of Canada (“RB&W”), all earnings are permanently reinvested outside of the United States. Second, for RB&W, dividend distributions may be made, but only to the extent of current earnings in excess of cash required to fund its business operations; all accumulated earnings are permanently reinvested.

Senior Notes

In April 2017, Park-Ohio Industries, Inc. (“Park-Ohio”), the operating subsidiary of Park-Ohio Holdings Corp., completed the sale, in a private placement, of $350.0 million aggregate principal amount of 6.625% Senior Notes due 2027 (the “Notes”). The net proceeds from the issuance of the Notes were used to repay in full our previously outstanding 8.125% Senior Notes due 2021 and our outstanding term loan, and to repay a portion of the borrowings then outstanding under our revolving credit facility.

Credit Agreement

In September 2023, Park-Ohio amended its Seventh Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”). The Credit Agreement provides for a revolving credit facility in the amount of $405.0 million, including a $40.0 million Canadian revolving subcommitment and a European revolving subcommitment in the amount of $30.0 million. Pursuant to the Credit Agreement, Park-Ohio has the option to increase the availability under the revolving credit facility by an aggregate incremental amount up to $70.0 million. The Credit Agreement matures on January 14, 2027.

Finance Leases

As of September 30, 2024, the Company had finance leases totaling $14.6 million.

Covenants

The future availability of bank borrowings under the revolving credit facility provided by the Credit Agreement is based on (1) our calculated availability under the Credit Agreement and (2) if such calculated availability decreases below $50.625 million, our ability to meet a debt service ratio covenant. If our calculated availability is less than $50.625 million, our debt service coverage ratio must be greater than 1.0. At September 30, 2024, our calculated availability under the Credit Agreement was $108.7 million; therefore, the debt service ratio covenant did not apply.

Failure to maintain calculated availability of at least $50.625 million and meet the debt service ratio covenant could materially impact the availability and interest rate of future borrowings. Our debt service coverage ratio could be materially impacted by negative economic trends. To make certain permitted payments as defined under the Credit Agreement, including but not limited to acquisitions and dividends, we must meet defined availability thresholds ranging from $37.5 million to $50.625 million, and a defined debt service coverage ratio of 1.15.

As our calculated availability under the Credit Agreement was above $50.625 million, we were also in compliance with the other covenants contained in the revolving credit facility as of September 30, 2024. While we expect to remain in compliance throughout 2024, declines in sales volumes in the future could adversely impact our ability to remain in compliance with certain of these financial covenants. Additionally, to the extent our customers are adversely affected by declines in the economy in general, they may be unable to pay their accounts payable to us on a timely basis or at all, which could make our accounts receivable ineligible for purposes of the revolving credit facility and could reduce our borrowing base and our ability to borrow under such facility.

Dividends

The Company declared and paid dividends to shareholders of $4.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024. On November 1, 2024, the Company's Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.125 per common share. The dividend will be paid on November 29, 2024 to shareholders of record as of the close of business on November 15, 2024 and will result in a cash outlay of approximately $1.6 million. Although we currently intend to pay a quarterly dividend on an ongoing basis, all future dividend declarations will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and dependent upon then-existing conditions, including our operating results and financial condition, capital requirements, contractual restrictions, business prospects and other factors that our Board of Directors may deem relevant.

Seasonality; Variability of Operating Results

The timing of orders placed by our customers has varied with, among other factors, orders for customers’ finished goods, customer production schedules, competitive conditions and general economic conditions. The variability of the level and timing of orders has, from time to time, resulted in significant periodic and quarterly fluctuations in the operations of our businesses. Such variability is particularly evident in our capital equipment business, included in the Engineered Products segment, which typically ships large systems at a relatively lower pace than our other businesses.

Critical Accounting Policies

Our critical accounting policies are described in "Item. 7 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," and in the notes to our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023, both contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. There were no new critical accounting policies or updates to existing critical accounting policies as a result of new accounting pronouncements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

The application of our critical accounting policies may require management to make judgments and estimates about the amounts reflected in the condensed consolidated financial statements. Management uses historical experience and all available information to make these estimates and judgments, and different amounts could be reported using different assumptions and estimates.

Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains certain statements that are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. The words “believes”, “anticipates”, “plans”, “expects”, “intends”, “estimates” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements.

These forward-looking statements, including statements regarding future performance of the Company, that are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance and achievements, or industry results, to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. These factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from expectations include, but are not limited to, the following: our ability to realize any contingent consideration from the sale of the Aluminum Products business; the impact supply chain and logistic issues have on our business, results of operations, financial position and liquidity; our substantial indebtedness; the uncertainty of the global economic environment; general business conditions and competitive factors, including pricing pressures and product innovation; demand for our products and services; the impact of labor disturbances affecting our customers; raw material availability and pricing; fluctuations in energy costs; component part availability and pricing; changes in our relationships with customers and suppliers; the financial condition of our customers, including the impact of any bankruptcies; our ability to successfully integrate recent and future acquisitions into existing operations, including the EMA acquisition; the amounts and timing, if any, of purchases of our common stock; changes in general economic conditions such as inflation rates, interest rates, tax rates, unemployment rates, higher labor and healthcare costs, recessions and changing government policies, laws and regulations, including those related to the current global uncertainties and crises, such as tariffs and surcharges; adverse impacts to us, our suppliers and customers from acts of terrorism or hostilities, including the conflicts between Russia and Ukraine and in the Middle East, or political unrest, including the rising tension between China and the United States; public health issues, including the outbreak of infectious diseases and any impact on our facilities and operations and our customers and suppliers; our ability to meet various covenants, including financial covenants, contained in the agreements governing our indebtedness; disruptions, uncertainties or volatility in the credit markets that may limit our access to capital; potential disruption due to a partial or complete reconfiguration of the European Union; increasingly stringent domestic and foreign governmental regulations, including those affecting the environment or import and export controls and other trade barriers; inherent uncertainties involved in assessing our potential liability for environmental remediation-related activities; the outcome of pending and future litigation and other claims and disputes with customers; our dependence on the automotive and heavy-duty truck industries, which are highly cyclical; the dependence of the automotive industry on consumer spending; our ability to negotiate contracts with labor unions; our dependence on key management; our dependence on information systems; our ability to continue to pay cash dividends, and the timing and amount of any such dividends; and the other factors we describe under “Item 1A. Risk Factors” included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which such statement is made, and we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law. In light of these and other uncertainties, the inclusion of a forward-looking statement herein should not be regarded as a representation by us that our plans and objectives will be achieved.

We are exposed to market risk, including changes in interest rates. As of September 30, 2024, we are subject to interest rate risk on borrowings under the floating rate revolving credit facility provided by our Credit Agreement. A 100-basis-point increase in the interest rate would have resulted in an increase in interest expense on these borrowings of approximately $2.1 million during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2024.

Our foreign subsidiaries generally conduct business in local currencies. We face translation risks related to the changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Amounts invested in our foreign operations are translated in U.S. dollars at the exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded as a component of Accumulated other comprehensive loss in the Shareholders' Equity section of the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Sales and expenses at our foreign operations are translated into U.S. dollars at the applicable monthly average exchange rates. Therefore, changes in exchange rates may either positively or negatively affect our net sales and expenses from foreign operations as expressed in U.S. dollars.

Our largest exposures to commodity prices relate to metal and rubber compounds, which have fluctuated widely in recent years. In 2024 and 2023, we entered into agreements to hedge foreign currency. These agreements did not have a material impact on the results of the Company. We have no other commodity swap agreements or forward purchase contracts.

Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures.

Under the supervision of and with the participation of our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, we evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15(d)-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report. Based on that evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer have concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Changes in internal control over financial reporting.

During the quarter ended September 30, 2024, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

There have been no material changes in the risk factors previously disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. Investors should not interpret the disclosure of any risk factor to imply that the risk has not already materialized.