PPG Industries Inc: Form 10-Q for the period ended Sep 30, 2025

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our unaudited financial statements and the notes thereto included in the condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1, “Financial Statements,” of this report and in conjunction with the 2024 Form 10-K.

Highlights

Net sales were approximately $4.1 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2025, an increase of 1% compared to the prior year primarily due to higher selling prices, higher sales volumes and the favorable impact of foreign currency translation, partially offset by the divestiture of the silicas products business and the architectural coatings business in Russia.

Income before income taxes was $556 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025, a decrease of $22 million compared to the prior year, primarily due to the unfavorable impact of wage and other cost inflation, divestitures and higher other charges/(income), partially offset by increased manufacturing productivity and cost-control measures.

Results of Operations

($ in millions, except percentages)

Net Sales by Region

($ in millions, except percentages)

Three Months Ended September 30, 2025

Net sales increased $50 million due to the following:

• Favorable foreign currency translation (+2%)
• Higher selling prices (+1%)
• Higher sales volumes (+1%)

Partially offset by:

• Divestiture-related sales (-3%)

For specific business results, see the Performance of Reportable Business Segments section within Item 2 of this Form 10-Q.

Cost of sales, exclusive of depreciation and amortization, increased $45 million primarily due to higher sales volumes and the unfavorable impact of foreign currency translation, partially offset by divestitures.

Selling, general and administrative expense decreased $24 million primarily due to cost-control measures and the impact of divestitures, partially offset by overhead cost inflation, the unfavorable impact of foreign currency translation, and the cost of providing transition services related to the recently divested U.S. and Canada architectural coatings business, which are fully reimbursed by the buyer under transition services agreements.

Depreciation expense increased $17 million primarily due to higher accelerated depreciation related to approved restructuring actions.

Other charges/(income), net increased by $24 million primarily due to net impairment and other related charges related to a consolidated joint venture in the Performance Coatings segment and higher net foreign currency translation expense, partially offset by gains recognized on the sale of non-core assets, a sales and use tax refund received during the third quarter 2025, and income recognized in connection with transition services agreements with the buyer of PPG's recently divested U.S. and Canada architectural coatings business.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025

Net sales decreased $155 million due to the following:

• Divestiture-related sales (-3%)

Partially offset by:

• Higher selling prices (+1%)
• Higher sales volumes (+1%)

For specific business results, see the Performance of Reportable Business Segments section within Item 2 of this Form 10-Q.

Cost of sales, exclusive of depreciation and amortization, decreased by $36 million primarily due to divestitures and increased manufacturing productivity, partially offset by increases in sales volumes.

Selling, general and administrative expense decreased by $22 million primarily due to cost-control measures and divestitures, partially offset by overhead cost inflation and the cost of providing transition services related to the recently divested U.S. and Canada architectural coatings business, which are fully reimbursed by the buyer under transition services agreements.

Depreciation expense increased by $24 million primarily due to higher accelerated depreciation related to approved restructuring actions.

Other charges/(income), net decreased by $5 million primarily due to income recognized in connection with transition services agreements with the buyer of PPG's recently divested U.S. and Canada architectural coatings business, gains recognized on the sale of non-core assets, the absence of a second quarter 2024 non-cash loss on the sale of the traffic solutions business in Argentina and a sales and use tax refund received in the third quarter 2025, partially offset by impairment and other related charges related to a consolidated joint venture in the Performance Coatings segment and higher net foreign currency translation expense.

Effective Tax Rate and Earnings Per Diluted Share

($ in millions, except percentages and amounts per share)

Both Earnings per diluted share, continuing operations and Adjusted earnings per diluted share for the three months ended September 30, 2025 increased year over year due to higher selling prices, cost-control actions, increased manufacturing productivity and lower adjusted weighted average common shares outstanding due to share repurchases, partially offset by wage and other cost inflation and divestitures.

Both Earnings per diluted share, continuing operations and Adjusted earnings per diluted share for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 decreased year-over-year primarily due to raw material, wage and other cost inflation, divestitures and the unfavorable impact of foreign currency translation, partially offset by higher selling prices, cost-control actions, increased manufacturing productivity and lower adjusted weighted average common shares outstanding due to share repurchases.

Regulation G Reconciliations - Results from Operations

PPG believes investors’ understanding of the Company’s performance is enhanced by the disclosure of net income from continuing operations, earnings per diluted share from continuing operations, PPG’s effective tax rate and segment income adjusted for certain items. PPG’s management considers this information useful in providing insight into the Company’s ongoing performance because it excludes the impact of items that cannot reasonably be expected to recur on a quarterly basis or that are not attributable to our primary operations. Net income from continuing operations, earnings per diluted share from continuing operations, the effective tax rate and segment income adjusted for these items are not recognized financial measures determined in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) and should not be considered a substitute for net income from continuing operations, earnings per diluted share from continuing operations, the effective tax rate, segment income or other financial measures as computed in accordance with U.S. GAAP. In addition, adjusted net income, adjusted earnings per diluted share and the adjusted effective tax rate may not be comparable to similarly titled measures as reported by other companies.

Income before income taxes from continuing operations is reconciled to adjusted income before income taxes from continuing operations, the effective tax rate from continuing operations is reconciled to the adjusted effective tax rate from continuing operations and net income from continuing operations (attributable to PPG) and earnings per share – assuming dilution (attributable to PPG) are reconciled to adjusted net income from continuing operations (attributable to PPG) and adjusted earnings per share – assuming dilution below.

($ in millions, except percentages and per share amounts)

($ in millions, except percentages and per share amounts)

($ in millions, except percentages and per share amounts)

30

($ in millions, except percentages and per share amounts)

(a) Earnings per diluted share is calculated based on unrounded numbers. Figures in the table may not recalculate due to rounding.

(b) Business restructuring-related costs, net include business restructuring charges, offset by releases related to previously approved programs, which are included in Other charges/(income), net on the condensed consolidated statement of income, accelerated depreciation of certain assets, which is included in Depreciation on the condensed consolidated statement of income and other restructuring-related costs, which are included in Cost of sales, exclusive of depreciation and amortization and Selling, general and administrative on the condensed consolidated statement of income.

(c) Portfolio optimization includes gains and losses on the sale of non-core assets, including net gains in the first and third quarter 2025 and a loss recognized on the sale of the Company’s traffic solutions business in Argentina in the second quarter 2024, which are included in Other charges/(income), net in the condensed consolidated statement of income. Portfolio optimization also includes advisory, legal, accounting, valuation, other professional or consulting fees, and certain internal costs directly incurred to effect acquisitions, as well as similar fees and other costs to effect divestitures and other portfolio optimization exit actions. These costs are included in Selling, general and administrative expense on the condensed consolidated statement of income. There was no tax expense associated with the gains recognized on the sales of non-core assets in the first and third quarter 2025.

(d) In the third quarter 2025, the Company recorded net impairment and other related charges related to a consolidated joint venture in the Performance Coatings segment, which are included in Other charges/(income), net on the condensed consolidated statement of income. Net loss of $12 million related to the impairment charge was attributable to noncontrolling interests.

(e) Legacy environmental remediation charges represent environmental remediation costs at certain non-operating PPG manufacturing sites. These charges are included in Other charges/(income), net in the condensed consolidated statement of income.

(f) In the first quarter 2025, the Company received reimbursement under its insurance policies for damages incurred at a southern U.S. factory from a winter storm in 2021.

Performance of Reportable Business Segments

Global Architectural Coatings

($ in millions, except percentages)

Three Months Ended September 30, 2025

Global Architectural Coatings net sales increased due to the following:

• Favorable foreign currency translation (+4%)
• Higher selling prices (+2%)

Partially offset by:

• Divestiture-related sales (-3%)
• Lower sales volumes (-2%)

Architectural coatings – EMEA net sales, excluding the impact of currency, acquisitions and divestitures ("organic sales") decreased by a low single-digit percentage compared to the prior year quarter with higher selling prices more than offset by lower sales volumes. Overall demand for architectural coatings in Europe was lackluster, with declines primarily in western Europe partially balanced by organic sales growth in eastern Europe.

Architectural coatings - Latin America and Asia Pacific organic sales increased by a low single-digit percentage compared to the prior-year quarter driven by organic sales growth in the Latin America region. In Mexico, retail sales volumes were solid during the quarter, reflecting improving consumer demand, while project-related spending remained lower than the prior year stemming from economic uncertainty which has tempered government and business investment.

Segment income of $184 million was relatively unchanged from the prior year, with higher selling prices, cost-control actions and favorable foreign currency translation offset by the business divestiture and lower sales volumes.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025

Global Architectural Coatings net sales decreased due to the following:

• Divestiture-related sales (-3%)
• Lower sales volumes (-2%)
• Unfavorable foreign currency translation (-1%)

Partially offset by:

• Higher selling prices (+1%)

Architectural coatings – EMEA organic sales decreased by a low single-digit percentage year over year with lower sales volumes, partially offset by higher selling prices. Overall demand for architectural coatings in Europe was lackluster.

Architectural coatings - Latin America and Asia Pacific organic sales decreased by a low single-digit percentage year over year with lower sales volumes, partially offset by higher selling prices.

Segment income was $462 million, a decrease of 18% versus the prior year, driven by lower sales volumes, raw material and other cost inflation, divestitures and the unfavorable impact of foreign currency translation, partially offset by higher selling prices and cost-control actions.

Looking Ahead

In the fourth quarter of 2025, strong retail sales and modest recovery of project-related spending in Mexico is expected while consumer sentiment in Europe is anticipated to remain soft. Quarterly aggregate organic sales for the segment are expected to be in the range of flat to a positive low single-digit percentage compared to the fourth quarter 2024.

Performance Coatings

($ in millions, except percentages)

Three Months Ended September 30, 2025

Performance Coatings net sales increased due to the following:

• Higher selling prices (+4%)
• Favorable foreign currency translation (+1%)

Partially offset by:

• Lower sales volume (-2%)

Automotive refinish coatings organic sales decreased by a double-digit percentage versus the prior year quarter. Results were impacted by lower organic sales in the U.S. as distributors managed their order patterns toward the first half of 2025 to optimize their pricing, with the business delivering flat organic sales in the first half of 2025 in a negative market demand environment. Business demand is being suppressed by lower U.S. collision claims including the effect from significant increases in automotive insurance premiums. However, organic business sales year to date are outperforming the double-digit percentage declines in U.S. collision claims. Increases in insurance premiums were high over the past two years, but the rate of decline in claims is moderating.

Aerospace coatings organic sales increased by a double-digit percentage compared to the prior-year quarter, led by higher selling prices and sales volumes. Demand remained strong, and customer order backlogs increased, even with improved manufacturing output stemming from growth-related investments. Global international and domestic air travel levels increased year over year, and combined are now above pre-pandemic levels. As demand for PPG's technology-advantaged products grows, the Company remains focused on debottlenecking and further expanding manufacturing capabilities to drive additional sales volume and earnings growth.

Protective and marine coatings organic sales increased by a double-digit percentage compared to the prior-year quarter driven by higher sales volumes. Increased sales volumes were driven by share gains in both protective and marine, reflecting demand for PPG's sustainably-advantaged products.

Traffic solutions organic sales increased by a mid-single-digit percentage compared to the prior year quarter driven by strong demand and share gains.

Segment income was $272 million, a decrease of 11% versus the prior year, primarily due to lower automotive refinish sales volumes, partially offset by higher selling prices.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025

Performance Coatings net sales increased due to the following:

• Higher selling prices (+3%)
• Higher sales volumes (+2%)

Automotive refinish coatings organic sales decreased by a mid-single-digit percentage year over year due to lower sales volumes, partially offset by higher selling prices. On a year-to-date basis, the automotive refinish coatings business outperformed lower U.S. industry collision claims.

Aerospace coatings organic sales increased by a double-digit percentage year over year, led by higher selling prices and sales volumes. Demand remained strong, and customer order backlogs increased to approximately $310 million.

Protective and marine coatings organic sales increased by a double-digit percentage year over year, including higher sales volumes in the United States and the Asia Pacific region. Increased sales volumes were driven by share gains, reflecting demand for PPG's sustainably advantaged products.

Traffic solutions organic sales increased by a mid-single-digit percentage year over year driven by higher sales volumes, partially offset by lower selling prices. Traffic solutions benefited from strong demand and increased sales volumes across the U.S. and Canada.

Segment income was $902 million, an increase of 2% versus the prior year, primarily due to higher selling prices, partially offset by lower automotive refinish sales volumes and raw material, wage and other cost inflation.

Looking Ahead

Continued strength is anticipated in aerospace coatings as well as protective and marine coatings. While automotive refinish coatings continues to gain share through demand for the Company's bundled coatings and services business model, lower organic sales are anticipated due to lower industry demand and lighter sales volumes stemming from customer order patterns. Traffic solutions is expected to follow typical seasonal trends and is well positioned to continue to benefit in the near term from increased U.S. infrastructure spending. Fourth quarter organic sales for the segment are anticipated to within the range of down by a low single-digit percentage to flat compared to the fourth quarter 2024.

Industrial Coatings

($ in millions, except percentages)

Three Months Ended September 30, 2025

Industrial Coatings segment net sales were essentially flat due to the following:

• Higher sales volumes (+4%)
• Favorable foreign currency translation (+1%)

Offset by:

• Divestiture-related sales (-4%)
• Lower selling prices (-1%)

Automotive OEM coatings organic sales increased by a mid-single-digit percentage due to higher sales volumes, partially offset by lower selling prices. Sales volumes increased in all regions, including share gains in Brazil, and outpaced higher automotive industry production. In China, automotive industry retail sales increased during the third quarter and exports have grown year to date compared to the prior year.

In the industrial coatings business, organic sales decreased by a low single-digit percentage compared to the prior- year quarter due to lower sales volumes and lower indexed-based prices. In a challenging macro industrial environment, sales volumes were slightly lower as the business realized the benefit of share gains. Sales volumes were lower mostly in the U.S. and Europe partially offset by improvement in the Asia-Pacific region. Sales in several product categories were above prior-year levels, including solid growth in heavy duty equipment and transportation. The most pronounced weakness was in kitchen and bakeware, consumer electronics, and extrusion.

Packaging coatings organic sales increased by a double-digit percentage compared to the prior-year quarter with higher sales volumes partially offset by lower index-based prices. Results reflect the positive momentum from share gains in the U.S. and Canada, the Asia Pacific region and Europe, including those in aided by expanding regional regulations. Globally, beverage and food packaging demand is solid, and PPG sales volume growth is outpacing the market.

Specialty products organic sales were flat compared to the prior-year quarter with higher sales volumes in Europe offset by lower sales volumes in the United States.

Segment income was $233 million, an increase of 17% versus the prior year, driven by higher sales volumes, cost-control actions and manufacturing efficiencies, partially offset by lower index-based selling prices and the unfavorable impact of the divestiture of the silicas products business.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025

Industrial Coatings segment net sales decreased due to the following:

• Divestiture-related sales (-4%)
• Lower index-based selling prices (-1%)

Partially offset by:

• Higher sales volumes (+1%)

Automotive OEM coatings organic sales decreased slightly year over year. Sales volumes decreased in the U.S. and Europe, partially offset by sales volume growth in China and Latin America.

In the industrial coatings business, organic sales decreased by a low single-digit percentage year over year, driven by lower index-based prices. Sales volumes increased slightly due to higher sales volumes in Latin America.

Packaging coatings organic sales increased by a mid-single-digit percentage year over year due to higher sales volumes in all regions, partially offset by lower index-based prices.

Specialty products organic sales increased by a low single-digit percentage year over year primarily due to higher sales volumes.

Segment income was $675 million, a decrease of 5% versus the prior year, primarily due to lower index-based selling prices and the unfavorable impact of the divestiture of the silicas products business, partially offset by higher sales volumes, cost-control actions and manufacturing efficiencies.

Looking Ahead

The Industrial Coatings segment is expected to outperform the market in the fourth quarter, with share gains in automotive OEM, packaging and industrial coatings yielding benefits. As a result, fourth quarter aggregate organic sales for the segment are anticipated to be in the range of flat to a positive low single-digit percentage compared to the fourth quarter 2024.

Tariff Impact and Mitigation

PPG is impacted by the economic and political conditions in the markets we serve, which includes effects related to the imposition and magnitude of tariffs. The current global macroeconomic environment is highly dynamic, and we continue to monitor changes to tariffs and the corresponding impacts on our business. PPG did not experience a significant decrease in customer demand, significant increase in raw material costs, or other significant adverse impacts related to tariffs during the first nine months of 2025. The Company continues to monitor overall economic demand and customer order patterns and is prepared to take actions intended to mitigate adverse impacts, as necessary, through supply chain contingency plans, pricing actions, and/or cost reduction actions.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

PPG had cash and short-term investments totaling $1.9 billion and $1.4 billion at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

The Company continues to believe that cash on hand and short-term investments, cash from operations and the Company's ability to access the capital markets will be sufficient to fund our operating activities, capital spending, acquisitions, dividend payments, debt service, share repurchases, contributions to pension plans and contractual obligations.

Cash from operating activities - continuing operations

Cash from operating activities - continuing operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was $1,047 million and $1,056 million, respectively. The $9 million decrease was primarily due to lower income from continuing operations offset by lower cash tax payments compared to the prior year.

Operating Working Capital

Operating working capital is a subset of total working capital and represents (1) trade receivables – net of the allowance for doubtful accounts (2) FIFO inventories and (3) trade liabilities. We believe operating working capital represents the key components of working capital under the operating control of our businesses. A key metric we use to measure our working capital management is operating working capital as a percentage of sales (current quarter sales annualized).

($ in millions, except percentages)

Environmental

($ in millions)

Cash used for investing activities - continuing operations

Cash used for investing activities - continuing operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was $417 million and $501 million, respectively. The $84 million decrease in cash used for investing activities was primarily due to lower capital expenditures compared to the prior year.

Total capital spending is expected to be approximately $725 million to $775 million in 2025 in support of future organic growth opportunities.

Cash used for financing activities - continuing operations

Cash used for financing activities - continuing operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was $269 million and $617 million, respectively. The $348 million decrease in cash used for financing activities was primarily due to the proceeds from the issuance of long-term debt, partially offset by higher purchases of treasury stock.

Credit Agreements

In April 2023, PPG entered into a €500 million term loan credit agreement (the "Term Loan"). The Term Loan contains covenants that are consistent with those in the Credit Agreement discussed below and that are usual and customary restrictive covenants for facilities of its type, which include, with specified exceptions, limitations on the Company’s ability to create liens or other encumbrances, to enter into sale and leaseback transactions and to enter into consolidations, mergers or transfers of all or substantially all of its assets. In April 2023, PPG borrowed €500 million under the Term Loan. In December 2023, PPG obtained lender commitments sufficient to increase the size of the Term Loan by €250 million. In January 2024, PPG borrowed the additional €250 million. In December 2024, PPG obtained lender commitments sufficient to increase the size of the Term Loan by €300 million. In January 2025, PPG borrowed the additional €300 million.

In July 2023, PPG amended and restated its five-year credit agreement (the "Credit Agreement") dated as of August 30, 2019, extending the term through July 2028. In October 2025, PPG amended the Credit Agreement to extend its maturity as to certain commitments. The amended Credit Agreement provides for a $2.3 billion unsecured revolving credit facility, of which $2,148 million of the total commitment has a term through July 2029 and $152 million of the total commitment has a term through July 2028. The Company has the ability to increase the size of the Credit Agreement by up to an additional $750 million, subject to the receipt of lender commitments and other conditions precedent. The Company has the right, subject to certain conditions set forth in the Credit Agreement, to designate certain subsidiaries of the Company as borrowers under the Credit Agreement. In connection with any such designation, the Company is required to guarantee the obligations of any such subsidiaries under the Credit Agreement. There were no amounts outstanding under the Credit Agreement as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

The Term Loan and the Credit Agreement require the Company to maintain a ratio of Total Indebtedness to Total Capitalization, as defined in the Term Loan and the Credit Agreement, of 60% or less; provided, that for any fiscal quarter in which the Company has made an acquisition for consideration in excess of $1 billion and for the next five fiscal quarters thereafter, the ratio of Total Indebtedness to Total Capitalization may not exceed 65% at any time. As of September 30, 2025, Total Indebtedness to Total Capitalization as defined under the Credit Agreement was 47%.

The Credit Agreement also supports the Company’s commercial paper borrowings which are classified as long-term based on PPG’s intent and ability to refinance these borrowings on a long-term basis. There were no commercial paper borrowings outstanding as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Other Debt Issued and Repaid

In March 2025, PPG completed a public offering of €900 million 3.250% Notes due 2032. Refer to Note 7, “Borrowings” in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q for additional information.

In June 2025, PPG's €300 million 1.875% notes matured, and the Company repaid this obligation using cash on hand.

Other Liquidity Information

Restructuring

Aggregate restructuring savings were approximately $20 million in the third quarter 2025. Total restructuring savings are expected to be approximately $75 million in 2025. In addition, the Company continues to review its cost structure to identify additional cost savings opportunities. Refer to Note 6, “Business Restructuring” in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q for further details on the Company's business restructuring programs. We expect cash outlays related to restructuring actions of approximately $80 million to $100 million in 2025.

Currency

Comparing spot exchange rates at September 30, 2025 and at December 31, 2024, the U.S. dollar weakened against the currencies of many countries within the regions PPG operates, most notably the Mexican peso and the euro. As a result, consolidated net assets at September 30, 2025 increased by $849 million compared to December 31, 2024.

Comparing average exchange rates during the first nine months of 2025 to those of the first nine months of 2024, the U.S. dollar strengthened against the currencies of many countries where PPG operates, including the Mexican peso. This had an unfavorable impact on Income before income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 of $19 million from the translation of these foreign earnings into U.S. dollars.

New Accounting Standards

Refer to Note 2, “New Accounting Standards” in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q for further details on recently issued accounting guidance.

Commitments and Contingent Liabilities, including Environmental Matters

PPG is involved in a number of lawsuits and claims, both actual and potential, including some that it has asserted against others, in which substantial monetary damages are sought. See Part II, Item 1, “Legal Proceedings” of this Form 10-Q and Note 14, “Commitments and Contingent Liabilities” in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q for a description of certain of these lawsuits.

As discussed in Part II, Item 1 and Note 14, although the result of any future litigation of such lawsuits and claims is inherently unpredictable, management believes that, in the aggregate, the outcome of all lawsuits and claims involving PPG, including asbestos-related claims, will not have a material effect on PPG’s consolidated financial position or liquidity; however, any such outcome may be material to the results of operations of any particular period in which costs, if any, are recognized.

As also discussed in Note 14, PPG has significant reserves for environmental contingencies. Refer to the Environmental Matters section of Note 14 for details of these reserves. It is PPG’s policy to accrue expenses for contingencies when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. Reserves for environmental contingencies are exclusive of claims against third parties and are generally not discounted. In management’s opinion, the Company operates in an environmentally sound manner and the outcome of the Company’s environmental contingencies will not have a material effect on PPG’s financial position or liquidity; however, any such outcome may be material to the results of operations of any particular period in which costs, if any, are recognized. Management anticipates that the resolution of the Company’s environmental contingencies will occur over an extended period of time.

Critical Accounting Estimates

Management has evaluated the accounting policies used in the preparation of the financial statements and related notes presented in this Form 10-Q and believes those policies to be reasonable and appropriate. We believe that the most critical accounting estimates made in the preparation of our financial statements are those related to accounting for contingencies, under which we accrue a loss when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated, and to accounting for pensions, other postretirement benefits, business combinations, goodwill and other identifiable intangible assets with indefinite lives because of the importance of management judgment in making the estimates necessary to apply these policies.

For a comprehensive discussion of the Company’s critical accounting estimates, see Item 7, "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our 2024 Form 10-K. There were no material changes in the Company’s critical accounting estimates from the 2024 Form 10-K.

Forward-Looking Statements

Management’s Discussion and Analysis and other sections of this Quarterly Report contain forward-looking statements that reflect the Company’s current views with respect to future events and financial performance. You can identify forward-looking statements by the fact that they do not relate strictly to current or historic facts. Forward-looking statements are identified by the use of the words “aim,” “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “estimate,” “project,” “outlook,” “forecast” and other expressions that indicate future events and trends. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which such statement is made, and the Company undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. You are advised, however, to consult any further disclosures we make on related subjects in our reports to the SEC. Also, note the following cautionary statements.

Many factors could cause actual results to differ materially from the Company’s forward-looking statements. Such factors include statements related to earnings guidance, global economic conditions, geopolitical issues, increasing price and product competition by our competitors, fluctuations in cost and availability of raw materials, energy, labor and logistics, the ability to achieve selling price increases, margins, share gains, customer inventory levels, PPG inventory levels, our ability to maintain favorable supplier relationships and arrangements, the timing of and the realization of anticipated cost savings from restructuring initiatives, the ability to identify additional cost savings opportunities, the timing and expected benefits of our acquisitions, difficulties in integrating acquired businesses and achieving expected synergies therefrom, the amount of future share repurchases, economic and political conditions in the markets we serve, the imposition and magnitude of tariffs, the ability to penetrate existing, developing and emerging foreign and domestic markets, foreign exchange rates and fluctuations in such rates, fluctuations in tax rates, the impact of future legislation, the impact of environmental regulations, unexpected business disruptions, cybersecurity events, global human health issues, the unpredictability of existing and possible future litigation, including asbestos litigation, and government investigations. However, it is not possible to predict or identify all such factors.

Consequently, while the list of factors presented here and in the 2024 Form 10-K under Item 1A is considered representative, no such list should be considered to be a complete statement of all potential risks and uncertainties. Unlisted factors may present significant additional obstacles to the realization of forward-looking statements.

Consequences of material differences in the results compared with those anticipated in the forward-looking statements could include, among other things, lower sales or income, business disruption, operational problems, financial loss, legal liability to third parties, other factors set forth in Item 1A of the 2024 Form 10-K and similar risks, any of which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.

Foreign Currency Risk

We conduct operations in many countries around the world. Our results of operations are subject to both currency transaction risk and currency translation risk. Certain foreign currency forward contracts outstanding during 2025 and 2024 served as a hedge of a portion of PPG’s exposure to foreign currency transaction risk. The fair value of these contracts were net assets of $37 million and net liabilities of $53 million as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The potential reduction in PPG's Income before income taxes resulting from the impact of adverse changes in exchange rates on the fair value of its outstanding foreign currency hedge contracts of 10% for European and Canadian currencies and 20% for Asian and Latin American currencies was $487 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and $429 million for the year ended December 31, 2024.

PPG had U.S. dollar to euro cross currency swap contracts with a total notional amount of $375 million as of both September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The fair value of these contracts were net assets of $11 million and $50 million as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. A 10% increase in the value of the euro to the U.S. dollar would have had an unfavorable effect on the fair value of these swap contracts by reducing the value of these instruments by $41 million and $31 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, PPG had non-U.S. dollar denominated borrowings outstanding of $4.7 billion and $3.3 billion, respectively. A weakening of the U.S. dollar by 10% against European currencies and by 20% against Asian and South American currencies would have resulted in unrealized translation losses on these borrowings of $535 million at September 30, 2025 and $369 million at December 31, 2024.

Interest Rate Risk

The Company manages its interest rate risk by balancing its exposure to fixed and variable rates while attempting to minimize its interest costs. PPG has interest rate swaps which converted $375 million of fixed rate debt to variable rate debt as of both September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The fair values of these contracts were liabilities of $7 million and $16 million as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. An increase in variable interest rates of 10% would have lowered the fair values of these swaps and increased annual interest expense by $3 million and $5 million for the periods ended September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Considering the debt balance outstanding at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, a 10% increase in interest rates in the U.S., Canada, Mexico and Europe and a 20% increase in interest rates in Asia and South America would have increased annual interest expense associated with PPG's variable rate debt obligations by $3 million for both the periods ended September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Further a 10% reduction in interest rates would have increased the fair value of the Company's fixed rate debt by approximately $77 million at both September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024; however, such changes would not have had an effect on PPG's Income before income taxes or cash flows.

There were no other material changes in the Company’s exposure to market risk from December 31, 2024 to September 30, 2025. Refer to Note 12, “Financial Instruments, Hedging Activities and Fair Value Measurements” in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q for a description of our instruments subject to market risk.

a. Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures. Based on their evaluation as of the end of the period covered by this Form 10-Q, the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities

Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”)) are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms and to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

b. Changes in internal control over financial reporting. There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Company’s most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.