Ascent Industries Co.: Form 10-Q for the period ended Mar 31, 2026

This discussion and analysis summarizes the significant factors affecting our consolidated operating results, liquidity, and capital resources during the three and three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. We intend for this discussion to provide the reader with information that will assist in understanding our financial statements, the changes in certain key items in those financial statements from year to year, and the primary factors that accounted for those changes, as well as how certain accounting principles affect our financial statements. This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes to the consolidated financial statements that are included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025 (the Annual Report), as well as the condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited) and notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited) contained in this report. Unless otherwise specified, all comparisons made are to the corresponding period of 2025. This discussion and analysis is presented in five sections:

• Executive Overview
• Results of Operations and Non-GAAP Financial Measures
• Liquidity and Capital Resources
• Material Cash Requirements from Contractual and Other Obligations
• Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Executive Overview

Ascent Industries Co. is a specialty chemicals platform focused on the development, production, and distribution of tailored, performance-driven chemical solutions. Ascent Industries Co. was incorporated in 1958 as the successor to a chemical manufacturing business founded in 1945 known as Blackman Uhler Industries Inc.

The Company has one reportable segment: Specialty Chemicals. The Specialty Chemicals segment produces critical ingredients and process aids for the oil & gas, household, industrial and institutional ("HII"), personal care, coatings, adhesives, sealants and elastomers (CASE), pulp and paper, textile, automotive, agricultural, water treatment, construction and other industries.

Macroeconomic Events

We continue to monitor macroeconomic trends and uncertainties such as key material inflation, the effects of recently implemented tariffs, and the potential imposition of modified or additional tariffs, which may have adverse effects on net sales and profitability. As a result of the tariffs announced by the U.S. presidential administration and continued tariff modifications or the imposition of tariffs or export controls by other countries, we have worked with our suppliers to mitigate supply chain challenges, cost volatility, and consumer and economic uncertainty due to rapid changes in global trade policies. Much of our raw material used in production is domestically sourced and we are continuing to evaluate these factors and their potential effects as well as our ability to potentially offset all or a portion of cost increases through pricing actions and additional cost savings efforts. Economic pressures on customers and consumers, including the challenges of inflation and the effects of increased tariffs, may negatively affect our net sales and profitability in the future. In addition, geopolitical conflicts, including the continuation or escalation of events like the U.S.-Israel-Iran conflict may also disrupt business operations of suppliers and/or customers, causing supply chain constraints or delays, increased pricing or delayed spending by our customers. The full impact of such events are not known at this time, but they could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and stock price.

Following the February 20, 2026, Supreme Court ruling regarding the imposition of tariffs under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA), U.S. Customs and Border Protection is developing refund procedures for tariffs previously paid under IEEPA. Concurrently, the Administration imposed a temporary 10% general tariff under Section 122 of the Trade Act of 1974 subject to several exemptions, including the import into the United States of certain aerospace products. These developments did not have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows during the first quarter of 2026.

Results of Operations

Consolidated Performance Summary

Consolidated net sales for the first quarter of 2026 were $19.4 million, an increase of $1.6 million, or 8.9%, compared to net sales for the first quarter of 2025. The increase in net sales was primarily driven by a 7.6% increase in pounds shipped and a 5.2% increase in average selling prices.

For the first quarter of 2026, consolidated gross profit decreased 8.4% to $2.8 million, or 14.5% of sales, compared to $3.1 million, or 17.2% of sales in the first quarter of 2025. The decrease for the first quarter was primarily attributable to the timing of manufacturing variances and cost recovery in relation to sales.

Consolidated selling, general, and administrative expense (SG&A) for the first quarter of 2026 increased $0.3 million to $5.1 million, or 26.4% of sales, compared to $4.9 million, or 27.3% of sales in the first quarter of 2025. The increase in SG&A expense for the first quarter of 2026 was primarily driven by increases in salaries, wages and benefits, rent expense and stock compensation expense partially offset by decreases in incentive bonus.

Consolidated operating loss in the first quarter of 2026 totaled $2.4 million compared to an operating loss of $2.0 million in the first quarter of 2025. The operating loss increase in the first quarter of 2026 was primarily driven by aforementioned decrease in gross profit and increase in SG&A expense.

Specialty Chemicals

SG&A expense for the first quarter of 2026 was $4.9 million, or 25.1% of sales, compared to $2.9 million, or 16.3% of sales in the first quarter of 2025. The increase in dollars for the first quarter of 2026 was primarily driven by increases in corporate expense allocation, salaries, wages and benefits and miscellaneous expense partially offset by decreases in incentive bonus.

Operating loss increased to $2.1 million for the first quarter of 2026 compared to operating income of $0.8 million for the first quarter of 2025. The current year increase in operating loss was primarily driven by the aforementioned decreases in gross profit and increase in SG&A expense.

Corporate & Other Items

Unallocated corporate and other expenses for the first quarter of 2026 decreased $2.6 million, or 91.4%, to $0.2 million, or 1.2% of sales, compared to $2.8 million, or 15.7% of sales, in the prior year. The first quarter of 2026 decrease in dollars was primarily driven by increases corporate allocation as well as decreases in incentive bonus, professional fees, taxes and licenses partially offset by increases in salaries, wages and benefits.

Interest income was $0.3 million for the first quarter of 2026 compared to interest expense of $0.1 million for the first quarter of 2025. The change was driven by a higher interest-bearing cash balance in the current year compared to the prior year. The Company had no debt outstanding under its credit facilities in either period.

The effective tax rate for continuing operations was (6.1)% and (8.4)% for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. The three months ended March 31, 2026 effective tax rate was lower than the U.S. statutory rate of 21.0% primarily due to changes in the valuation allowance over federal and U.S. state deferred tax assets.The three months ended March 31, 2025 effective tax rate was lower than the U.S. statutory rate of 21.0% primarily due to the valuation allowance over federal and U.S state deferred tax assets.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

To supplement our consolidated financial statements, which are prepared and presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("GAAP"), we use the following non-GAAP financial measures: EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA. Management believes that these non-GAAP measures are useful because they are key measures used by our management team to evaluate our operating performance, generate future operating plans and make strategic decisions as well as allow readers to compare the financial results between periods. Non-GAAP measures should not be considered as an alternative to any measure of performance or financial condition as promulgated under GAAP, and investors should consider the Company's performance and financial condition as reported under GAAP and all other relevant information when assessing the performance or financial condition of the Company. Non-GAAP measures have limitations as analytical tools, and investors should not consider them in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of the Company's results or financial condition as reported under GAAP.

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA

We define "EBITDA" as earnings before interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization. We define "Adjusted EBITDA" as EBITDA further adjusted for the impact of non-cash and other items we do not consider in our evaluation of ongoing performance. These items include: goodwill impairment, asset impairment, gain on lease modification, stock-based compensation, non-cash lease cost, acquisition costs and other fees, shelf registration costs, loss on extinguishment of debt, retention costs and restructuring and severance costs from net income. We caution investors that amounts presented in accordance with our definitions of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to similar measures disclosed by other companies because not all companies calculate EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA in the same manner. We present

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA because we consider them to be important supplemental measures of our performance and investors' understanding of our performance is enhanced by including these non-GAAP financial measures as a reasonable basis for comparing our ongoing results of operations.

Consolidated EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations are as follows:

($ in thousands)

Specialty Chemicals EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are as follows:

($ in thousands)

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We closely manage our liquidity and capital resources. Our liquidity requirements depend on key variables, including level of investment required to support our business strategies, the performance of our business, capital expenditures, credit facilities and working capital management. Capital expenditures and share repurchases are a component of our cash flow and capital management strategy which we can adjust in response to economic and other changes in our business environment. We have a disciplined approach to capital allocation focusing on priorities that support our business and growth.

Sources of Liquidity

Funds generated by operating activities supplemented by our available cash and cash equivalents and our credit facilities are our most significant sources of liquidity. As of March 31, 2026, we held $47.8 million of cash and cash equivalents, as well as $14.2 million of remaining available capacity on our revolving line of credit. We believe our sources of liquidity will be sufficient to fund operations and anticipated capital expenditures as well as repay our debt obligations as they become due over the next 12 months and beyond.

Cash Flows

Cash flows from continuing operations were as follows:

(in thousands)

Operating Activities

The increase in cash used in operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2026, compared to cash used in operating activities in the three months ended March 31, 2025, was primarily driven by changes in working capital. Changes in working capital can vary significantly depending on factors such as the timing of inventory production and purchases, customer payments of accounts receivable and payments to vendors in the regular course of business. Accounts payable decreased operating cash flows by $1.2 million for the first three months of 2026, compared to increase of $0.2 million in the first three months of 2025. The change in accounts payable is primarily due to a decrease in days payables outstanding. Accounts receivable and advances decreased operating cash flows by $2.5 million in the first three months of 2026 compared to a $1.1 million decrease in the first three months of 2025. The decrease in cash generated by accounts receivable and advances is primarily driven by an increase in net sales in the current period partially offset by a decrease in days sales outstanding compared to the first three months of 2025. Inventory increased operating cash flows for the first three months of 2026 by $1.3 million compared to a decrease of $1.1 million for the first three months of 2025. The change in inventory is primarily driven by lower inventory purchases in the first three months of 2026 compared to the first three months of 2025 coupled with similar days inventory outstanding year over year.

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities primarily consists of transactions related to capital expenditures. The increase in cash used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the cash used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was primarily due to increases in capital expenditures in the current year compared to the prior year.

Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities primarily consists of transactions related to our credit facilities and share repurchases. The increase in cash used in financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to cash used in financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was primarily due to increased repurchases of common stock. The Company had no debt outstanding under its credit facilities as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

Short-term Debt

The Company has a note payable in the amount of $1.1 million with an annual interest rate of 3.68% maturing April 1, 2026, associated with the financing of the Company's insurance premium in 2025. As of March 31, 2026, the outstanding balance was $0.1 million.

Credit Facilities

On December 10, 2025, Ascent Industries Co. (“Ascent”) entered into a Limited Waiver, Consent and Sixth Amendment to Credit Agreement and Omnibus Amendment to Loan Documents with BMO Bank N.A. and the other lenders under Ascent’s credit facility (the “Sixth Credit Facility Amendment”). The maximum revolving loan commitment under the credit facility remains $30 million with an interest rate between 1.85% and 2.35%, depending on average availability under the credit facility and the Company's consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio. The term of the credit facility remains through December 31, 2027.

The Facility contains covenants requiring the maintenance of a minimum consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio if excess availability falls below the greater of (i) $4.5 million and (ii) 15% of the revolving credit facility. As of March 31, 2026, the Company was in compliance with all financial debt covenants.

As of March 31, 2026, the Company had no principal payments outstanding on long-term debt. See Note 8 in the unaudited notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information on the Company's line of credit.

Share Repurchases and Dividends

We have a share repurchase program, authorized by the Company's Board of Directors, that is executed through purchases made from time to time at prevailing market prices, through open market or privately negotiated transactions, depending on market conditions. Shares repurchased are returned to status of authorized, but unissued shares of common stock or held in treasury. As of March 31, 2026, the Company has 1,702,809 shares of its share repurchase authorization remaining.

Shares repurchased for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 were as follows:

At the end of each fiscal year the Board of Directors reviews the financial performance and capital needed to support future growth to determine the amount of cash dividend, if any, which is appropriate. In 2025, no dividends were declared or paid by the Company.

Other Financial Measures

Below are additional financial measures that we believe are important in understanding the Company's liquidity position from year to year. The metrics are defined as:

Liquidity Measure:

• Current ratio = current assets divided by current liabilities. The current ratio will be determined by the Company using generally accepted accounting principles, consistently applied.

Profitability Ratio:

• Return on average equity ("ROAE") = net income divided by the trailing 12-month average of equity. The ROAE will be determined by the Company using generally accepted accounting principles, consistently applied.

Results of these additional measures are as follows:

23

Material Cash Requirements from Contractual and Other Obligations

As of March 31, 2026, our material cash requirements for our known contractual and other obligations were as follows:

• Operating and Finance Leases - The Company enters into various lease agreements for the real estate and manufacturing equipment used in the normal course of business. Operating and finance lease obligations were $13.1 million, with $1.1 million payable within 12 months. See Note 9 for further detail of our lease obligations and the timing of expected future payments.

The Company has no off-balance sheet arrangements that are reasonably likely to have a material current or future effect on the Company's financial position, revenues, results of operations, liquidity, or capital expenditures. We expect capital spending to be as much as $5.1 million for the remainder of fiscal 2026.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

We describe our significant accounting policies in Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, in the notes to the consolidated financial statements presented in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025. We discuss our critical accounting estimates in Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025. There have been no significant changes in our significant accounting policies or critical accounting estimates since the end of fiscal 2025.

We are a smaller reporting company as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act; therefore, we are not required to provide the information required by this Item.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The term “disclosure controls and procedures” is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Exchange Act as “controls and other procedures of an issuer that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act are recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC rules and forms.” The Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that material information relating to the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries is accumulated and communicated to its management, including its Chief Executive Officer and its Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. The Company’s management, with the participation of its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2026. Based upon that evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of March 31, 2026, because of the previously reported material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting, as described below.

Previously Reported Material Weaknesses in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15f-15(f). As reported in our 2025 Form 10-K, based upon the ongoing ineffectiveness of our IT general controls, we did not maintain effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025 as a result of material weaknesses in the control environment. A material weakness (as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act) is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Refer to our 2025 Form 10-K for a description of our material weaknesses.

Ongoing Remediation Efforts to Address Material Weaknesses

Our Board of Directors and management are committed to the continued implementation of remediation efforts to address the material weaknesses. The material weaknesses were first identified in 2021 and 2022 and while the Company has significantly improved its internal control over financial reporting, the material weaknesses remain un-remediated as of March 31, 2026 due to the continued IT general control ineffectiveness. During the three months ended March 31, 2026, management, with oversight from the Company's Audit Committee, continued executing a detailed plan for remediation which includes:

• Actively working with the third-party service organization to issue a SOC 1 report in fiscal 2026 to obtain the necessary assurance over an in-scope system critical to the Company's financial reporting processes. In addition, we are enhancing our monitoring controls and documentation to continue to strengthen our overall control environment.
• Maintaining corporate oversight over process-level controls and structures to ensure that there is appropriate assignment of authority, responsibility and accountability as well as maintaining a sufficient number of qualified resources in key personnel areas over the performance and maintenance of the Company's control environment.
• Continuing to engage an external advisor to assist with enhancing, designing, and implementing general information technology controls, including user access provisioning, cyber-security, and segregation of duties.
• Formalizing information technology policies and procedures to ensure that they are current and comprehensive and support the timely execution of information technology processes and control procedures.
• Maintaining review controls for inventory, revenue accounting, financial close processes and complex accounting to ensure accurate reporting and timely disclosures and ensuring evidence is appropriately retained.
• Maintaining effective controls for communicating and sharing information between the operations, accounting, information technology, sales, finance and legal departments to ensure that the accounting department is consistently provided with complete and adequate support, documentation and information, and that matters are resolved in a timely and effective manner.

The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors is monitoring management's ongoing remediation efforts. With the Audit Committee's oversight, management has dedicated significant resources and efforts to improve our internal control environment to remedy the identified material weaknesses. As we continue to evaluate and implement improvements to our internal control over financial reporting, our management may decide to take additional measures to address our control deficiencies or to modify the remediation efforts undertaken. Because the reliability of the internal control process requires repeatable execution, our material weaknesses cannot be considered fully remediated until all remedial processes and procedures (including additional remediation efforts identified by our senior management as necessary) have been implemented, each applicable control has operated for a sufficient period of time and management has concluded, through testing, that the controls are operating effectively. Until all identified material weaknesses are remediated, we will not be able to assert that our internal controls are effective.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Other than the ongoing remediation efforts described above, there have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended March 31, 2026 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, its internal control over financial reporting.

There were no material changes in our assessment of risk factors as discussed in Part I, Item 1A in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025.