VSE Corp: Form 10-Q for the period ended Mar 31, 2025

Business Overview

VSE is a diversified aviation aftermarket products and services company providing maintenance, repair and overhaul ("MRO") services, parts distribution, logistics, supply chain management and consulting services for transportation assets to commercial and government markets.

Recent Developments

Sale of Fleet Segment

In April 2025, the Company completed the previously announced sale of its Fleet segment. See Note (3) "Discontinued Operations" and Note (13) "Subsequent Events" to the consolidated financial statements for further information.

Business Trends

During the first quarter of 2025, the Company's strong program execution of new and existing distribution awards, an expansion of product offerings and MRO capabilities, increased market activity, and contributions from recent acquisitions produced record results, with quarterly revenue reaching $256.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, representing a 58% increase year-over-year. Market growth and share gains have resulted in increased repair and distribution revenue of 76% and 49%, respectively, during the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the same period for the prior year. The Company's growth has been driven by several strategic initiatives, including executing on newly awarded distribution agreements, the introduction of new products and service capabilities to its portfolio, the launch of a new OEM licensed manufacturing program and the opening of a new distribution facility in Europe, all of which further strengthened the Company's position in the aviation aftermarket. Additionally, expanding VSE's partnerships with OEM's has provided the Company new opportunities, including access to new markets with an established customer base.

The Company believes the acquisition of TCI in April 2024 and the recent acquisition of Kellstrom Aerospace in December 2024 are strongly aligned with VSE's core business and increases VSE's exposure to the high-growth, higher-margin aviation commercial engine MRO and distribution aftermarkets.

Results of Operations

The following table summarizes the Company's consolidated results of operations (in thousands):

Revenues. Revenues increased for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the same period in the prior year primarily driven by contributions from the acquisitions of TCI and Kellstrom Aerospace, recently initiated distribution contract wins and improved demand for the Company's commercial aerospace products and services resulting from strong end market activity in global commercial air travel. Aviation distribution revenue increased $52.5 million, or 49%, and repair revenue increased $41.1 million, or 76%, for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the same period in the prior year.

Costs and Operating Expenses. Costs and operating expenses increased for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily driven by higher revenue. Included in costs and operating expenses is the amortization

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Operating Income. Operating income increased for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the same period of the prior year, primarily driven by revenue growth and a favorable shift in sales mix and pricing, partially offset by increased amortization of intangible assets and an increase in corporate acquisition and integration costs incurred during the current period.

Interest Expense. Interest expense decreased for the three months ended March 31, 2025, as compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to a decrease in the Company's debt facility borrowings and a lower average interest rate on borrowings outstanding.

Provision for Income Taxes. The Company's effective tax rate for continued operations was 15.7% and 14.1% for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Company's tax rate is affected by discrete items that may occur in any given year but may not be consistent from year to year. Permanent differences such as foreign derived intangible income deduction, Section 162(m) limitation, capital gains tax treatment, state income taxes, certain federal and state tax credits and other items caused differences between the Company's statutory U.S. federal income tax rate and its effective tax rate. The higher effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was primarily driven by a lower impact from the excess stock compensation deduction on the current year's rate.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity

The Company's internal sources of liquidity are primarily from operating activities, specifically from changes in the level of revenues and associated inventory, accounts receivable and accounts payable, and from profitability. Significant increases or decreases in revenues and inventory, accounts receivable and accounts payable can affect liquidity. Inventory and accounts payable levels can be affected by the timing of large opportunistic inventory purchases and by distributor agreement requirements. Accounts receivable and accounts payable levels can be affected by changes in the level of work performed and by the timing of large purchases. In addition to operating cash flows, other significant factors that affect the Company's overall management of liquidity include capital expenditures, and investments in the acquisition of businesses.

The Company's primary external financing sources are the capital markets and its credit agreement, which includes a term loan and a revolving facility, with an aggregate maximum borrowing capacity of the revolving facility of $350.0 million as of March 31, 2025. For the three months ended March 31, 2025, outstanding borrowings under the credit agreement increased $34.5 million. As of March 31, 2025, the Company had $270.0 million outstanding under the term loan, $197.0 million under the revolving facility, $0.8 million in outstanding letters of credit, and $152.2 million in unused commitments.

The Company believes its cash on hand, operating cash flows, and available credit under its credit agreement will provide sufficient liquidity for the Company's business operations as well as capital expenditures, dividends, and other capital requirements associated with its business operations over the next twelve months and thereafter for the foreseeable future.

New Credit Agreement

On May 2, 2025, the Company entered into a new credit agreement, which provides for a $300 million term loan facility and a $400 million revolving credit facility, both maturing on May 2, 2030. The new debt agreement provides a lower interest rate, greater flexibility and increased borrowing capacity. The new credit agreement replaces the Company's existing term loan and revolving credit facility, which were scheduled to mature in October 2026.

Borrowings under the new credit agreement will accrue interest at either the term SOFR rate plus the SOFR margin or ABR plus the ABR margin. The Company, at its option may select between one, three or six month Term SOFR Rates. The applicable SOFR margin or ABR margin will be determined based on the Company’s Total Net Leverage Ratio.

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Cash Flows

The following table summarizes the Company's cash flows (in thousands):

Cash used in operating activities decreased $32.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, as compared to the same period of the prior year, primarily due to an increase in net income from continuing operations and improved receivable collections.

Cash used in investing activities was $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, as compared to cash provided from investing activities of $33.4 million for the same period of the prior year. The change is primarily driven by $41.1 million in proceeds from the sale of the Federal and Defense segment in the prior year, as compared to just $2.7 million in proceeds from the sale in the current year as a result of the settlement of final amounts. Refer to Note (3) "Discontinued Operations" to the consolidated financial statements for further information.

Cash provided by financing activities decreased $20.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, as compared to the same period of the prior year, primarily reflecting lower net borrowings of the Company's credit agreement during the current period.

The Company paid cash dividends totaling $2.1 million or $0.10 per share during the three months ending March 31, 2025. Pursuant to the terms of the credit agreement, payment of cash dividends are subject to annual restrictions. The Company has paid cash dividends annually since 1973.

Other Obligations and Commitments

There have not been any material changes to the Company's other obligations and commitments that were included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 ("2024 Form 10-K").

Inflation and Pricing

There have not been any material changes to this disclosure from those discussed in the Company's 2024 Form 10-K.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Company does not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a current or future material effect on its financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenue or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

Disclosures About Market Risk

Interest Rate Risk

The Company's credit agreement provides available borrowing at variable interest rates. The Company's interest expense is impacted by the overall global economic and interest rate environment. Accordingly, future interest rate changes could potentially put the Company at risk for a material adverse impact on future earnings and cash flows. To mitigate this risk, the Company has employed interest rate hedges to fix rates on a portion of its borrowings for specified periods. For additional information related to the Company's debt and interest rate swaps, see Note (5) and Note (6), respectively, to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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The Company believes there have been no material changes in market risks from those discussed in the Company's 2024 Form 10-K.

Critical Accounting Policies, Estimates and Judgments

The Company's consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ("U.S. GAAP"), which requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions. Certain critical accounting policies affect the more significant accounts, particularly those that involve judgments, estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of the Company's consolidated financial statements, including revenue recognition, inventory valuation, business combinations, goodwill and intangible assets, and income taxes. If any of these estimates, assumptions or judgments prove to be incorrect, the Company's reported results could be materially affected. Actual results may differ significantly from the Company's estimates under different assumptions or conditions. See "Item 7. Management Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and Note (1) "Nature of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" in the Company's 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K for further discussions of the Company's significant accounting policies and estimates. There have been no significant changes in the Company's critical accounting estimates during the three months ended March 31, 2025, from those disclosed in the Company's 2024 Form 10-K.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

For a description of recently announced accounting standards, including the expected dates of adoption and estimated effects, if any, on the Company's consolidated financial statements, see Note (1) "Nature of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies — Recent Adopted Accounting Pronouncements” to the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements included in its 2024 Form 10-K.

See "Disclosures About Market Risk" in Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Management of the Company has evaluated, with the participation of its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act")). Based on this evaluation, the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of March 31, 2025, disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information the Company is required to disclose in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company's management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

In connection with the acquisition of TCI and Kellstrom Aerospace, certain areas of the Company's internal control over financial reporting changed. These areas are primarily related to integrating corporate functions such as entity level controls and certain financial reporting controls. Certain control structure items remain in operation at TCI and Kellstrom Aerospace, primarily related to information technology, inventory management, human resources, processing and billing of revenues, and collection of those revenues. The control structures at TCI and Kellstrom Aerospace have been modified to appropriately oversee and incorporate these activities into the overall control structure. The Company will continue to evaluate the need for additional internal controls over financial reporting.

There have been no additional changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting during the quarterly period covered by this report that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

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U.S. and foreign trade policies, including the assessment of tariffs and other impositions on imported goods, may have a material adverse impact on the Company’s business.

The U.S. and certain foreign countries have recently announced new or increased tariffs on imported goods, and additional tariffs or increases in tariffs could be assessed in the future. If any such tariffs were to increase the Company’s costs of obtaining materials or products from suppliers or increase the costs of selling the Company’s products to its customers, and the Company were unable to mitigate the impacts of any such increased costs, it could have a material adverse impact on its business and results of operations.

Other than as disclosed above in this section, there have been no material changes to the previously disclosed risk factors in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 ("2024 Form 10-K”). The risk factors disclosed in the Company's 2024 Form 10-K should be considered together with information included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2025, and under "Forward-Looking Statements" and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations."