Light & Wonder, Inc.: Form 10-Q for the period ended Mar 31, 2025

The following discussion is intended to enhance the reader’s understanding of our operations and current business environment from management’s perspective and should be read in conjunction with the description of our business included under *Part I, Item 1 “*Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” and *Part II, Item 1A “*Risk Factors” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and under *Part I, Item 1 “*Business,” *Item 1A “*Risk Factors” and *Part II, Item 7 “*Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in our 2024 10-K.

This “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” (“MD&A”) contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and should be read in conjunction with the disclosures and information contained and referenced under “Forward-Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors” included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and “Risk Factors” included in our 2024 10-K. As used in this MD&A, the terms “we,” “us,” “our” and the “Company” mean L&W together with its consolidated subsidiaries.

BUSINESS OVERVIEW

We are a leading cross-platform global games company with a focus on content and digital markets. Our portfolio of revenue-generating activities primarily includes supplying game content and gaming machines, CMSs and table game products and services to licensed gaming entities; providing social casino and other online games, including casual gaming, to retail customers; and providing a comprehensive suite of digital gaming content, distribution platforms and player account management systems, as well as various other iGaming content and services.

As more fully described in *Part I, Item 1 “*Business” in our 2024 10-K, we are executing on our strategy to become a leading cross-platform global games company with a focus on content and digital markets. We report our results of operations in three reportable business segments—Gaming, SciPlay and iGaming—representing our different products and services. See “Business Segments Results” below and Note 3 for additional reportable segment information.

We delivered another solid quarter, representing a 16th consecutive quarter of year-over-year consolidated revenue growth, which grew 2%, expanded segment AEBITDA margins across all of our businesses and generated strong operating cash flows. We also repurchased approximately 1.9 million shares of common stock at an aggregate cost of $167 million (including excise tax) during the three months ended March 31, 2025.

On February 10, 2025, we entered into an amendment to the LNWI Credit Agreement which, among other things, (i) provided for new revolving commitments in an amount of $1.0 billion, replacing the existing revolving commitments of $750 million, (ii) extended the maturity of the revolving commitments, and (iii) reduced the applicable margin for the revolving loans by up to 50 basis points.

On February 18, 2025, we announced the strategic acquisition of Grover Charitable Gaming for an upfront consideration of $850 million, which will be funded with the combination of existing cash, incremental debt financing and the recently expanded LNWI Revolver. The transaction is expected to close during the second quarter of 2025, subject to required regulatory and other approvals and customary closing conditions. Our lead arranger has obtained commitments, subject to customary closing conditions, for a three-year, $800 million Term Loan A credit facility at leverage-based pricing expected to be in line with our current LNWI Revolver credit facility, the proceeds of which will be used for the financing of the pending Grover Charitable Gaming acquisition. Grover Gaming is a leading provider of electronic pull-tabs distributed over five U.S. states: North Dakota, Ohio, Virginia, Kentucky and New Hampshire. We believe this acquisition further enhances our growth profile, cross-platform strategy and presence in regulated land-based markets.

In April of 2025, the U.S. government and many foreign countries imposed a series of new trade tariffs and other changes in trade policy. In addition, in response to these tariffs, other countries have implemented retaliatory tariffs and other measures impacting U.S. goods. These tariffs place additional duties on imports, and we currently source a portion of the raw materials and components for our Gaming Business from China and across Asia. We have evaluated various mitigation strategies, including but not limited to, supplier diversification, adjusting supply chain operations, supplier pricing negotiations and cost control initiatives, among other measures. Over the past several quarters, through margin enhancement initiatives, we have successfully executed meaningful operational efficiencies. While we expect recent tariffs and trade policies to create incremental cost pressures in the near term, our realized and ongoing operational efficiency initiatives coupled with other measures are expected to mitigate these effects. The full impact of the tariffs on our financial results will depend on several factors, including the duration of the trade measures, potential further retaliatory actions, our ability to successfully execute our mitigation strategies, and overall market conditions.

CONSOLIDATED RESULTS

($ in millions)

Revenue

Consolidated Revenue by Reportable Business Segment

(in millions)

Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024

Gaming revenue growth of $19 million, or 4%, for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was driven by growth across all lines of business, including 9% growth in Table products and 5% growth in both Gaming systems and Gaming operations, fueled by the success of our diversified portfolio of successful game franchises and gaming solutions.

SciPlay revenue decreased $4 million, or 2%, for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the prior year period, primarily due to a decline in average monthly payers, partially offset by an increase in average monthly revenue per paying user. Average revenue per daily active user grew 5% for the three months ended March 31, 2025, while average monthly revenue per paying user increased 3%.

The increase in iGaming revenue of $3 million, or 4%, for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the prior year period, was driven primarily by continued momentum in the North American markets and expansion of our partner network.

Operating Expenses

($ in millions)

Cost of Revenue

Total cost of revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2025 decreased primarily as a result of lower cost of products related to new games and systems.

SG&A

SG&A for the three months ended March 31, 2025 remained relatively flat as compared to the prior year period. The change was driven by a $6 million decrease in expenses, primarily consisting of lower salaries and benefits expense of $2 million and lower marketing expense of $2 million, partially offset by higher stock-based compensation of $5 million.

R&D

R&D increased for the three months ended March 31, 2025 as compared to the prior year period, primarily due to higher salaries and benefits in our Gaming and SciPlay segments.

D&A

D&A for the three months ended March 31, 2025 increased primarily due to higher depreciation related to Gaming operations installed base growth and investments.

Restructuring and Other

The increase in restructuring and other for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was primarily due to $7 million in iGaming charges, primarily related to the discontinuation of our iGaming Live Casino operations, and $5 million in costs related to the legal and professional services primarily associated with the acquisition of Grover Charitable Gaming.

Other Factors Affecting Net Income

(in millions)

Foreign Currency Exchange (F/X)

Our results are impacted by changes in foreign currency exchange rates used in the translation of foreign functional currencies into USD and the re-measurement of foreign currency transactions or balances. The impact of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations represents the difference between current rates and prior-period rates applied to current activity. Our exposure to foreign currency volatility on revenue is as follows:

($ in millions)

REPORTABLE BUSINESS SEGMENT RESULTS (for the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024)

GAMING

Our Gaming business segment designs, develops, manufactures, markets and distributes a comprehensive portfolio of gaming content, products and services. We provide our Gaming portfolio of products and services to commercial casinos, Native American casinos, wide-area gaming operators such as LBOs, arcade and bingo operators in the U.K. and continental Europe, and government agencies and their affiliated operators.

We generate Gaming revenue from both services and product sales. Our services revenue includes revenue earned from Participation gaming machines, other leased gaming machines (including VLTs and electronic table games), supplied table products and services (including Shufflers), casino management technology solutions and systems, and other services revenues. Our product sales revenue includes the sale of new and used gaming machines, electronic table games, VLTs and VGTs, casino-management technology solutions and systems, table products, proprietary table game licensing, conversion kits (including game, hardware or operating system conversions) and spare parts.

For additional information, refer to the Gaming primary business activities summary included within “Business Segment Results” under Item 7 of our 2024 10-K.

Current Year Update

The increase in Gaming revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2025, as compared to the prior year period, was primarily driven by continued global Gaming Operations growth of 5%, primarily due to growth in U.S. and Canada installed base and elevated average daily revenue per unit. The increase in Gaming revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2025 also benefited from Table products growth of 9%, Systems growth of 5%, and Gaming machine sales growth of 1%. Our growth is driven by the continued strength and success of our diversified portfolio of successful game franchises, including HUFF N’ PUFF®, ULTIMATE FIRE LINK®, INVADERS! ATTACK FROM THE PLANET MOOLAH®, FRANKENSTEIN, our hit Asian-themed games 88 FORTUNES® and DANCING DRUMS®, stepper favorites QUICK HIT® and BLAZING 777® and the success of our COSMIC®, COSMIC UPRIGHT and HORIZON® cabinets. We are actively monitoring any impact of recent tariffs, inflationary pressures, supply chain disruptions and macroeconomic uncertainty that may impact our operations and financial results. See the “Business Overview” section above and *Item 1A “*Risk Factors” for information regarding recent trade tariffs which may have a significant impact on our Gaming business.

Results of Operations and KPIs

Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024

($ in millions, except per unit amounts)

Gaming Operations

Gaming operations revenue growth was driven by strong game performance of hit franchises, including our premium games. Gaming operations for U.S. and Canada had a 2,967-unit increase in installed base, partially offset by a decrease in average daily revenue per unit of $0.57 for the three months ended March 31, 2025. Average daily revenue per unit for International units increased by $0.79 for the three months ended March 31, 2025. International ending installed base units decreased by 2,267 units primarily due to the expected closure of certain LBOs in the U.K., removals in Greece and the reduction of certain low-yielding units in Latin America.

Gaming Machine Sales

Gaming machine sales revenue increased primarily due to higher U.S. and Canada unit shipments.

The following table summarizes Gaming machine sales changes:

Operating Expenses and AEBITDA

Operating expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2025 increased by $14 million, as compared to the corresponding prior year period, primarily due to $12 million in higher salaries and benefits (including stock-based compensation), $6 million in higher D&A and $5 million in higher restructuring and other costs (“R&O”), partially offset by lower cost of revenue.

AEBITDA increased by $22 million, which is primarily related to increased revenue. AEBITDA as a percentage of revenue (“AEBITDA margin”) increased by 2 percentage points to 51% for the three months ended March 31, 2025, driven by a combination of a more favorable revenue mix and margin enhancements initiatives.

SCIPLAY

Our SciPlay business segment is a leading developer and publisher of digital games on online platforms. SciPlay operates primarily in the social gaming market, which is characterized by gameplay online or on mobile devices that is social, competitive and self-directed in pace and session length. SciPlay generates a substantial portion of its revenue from in-app purchases in the form of coins, chips and cards, which players can use to play slot games, table games or bingo games. Players who install SciPlay’s social games typically receive free coins, chips or cards upon the initial launch of the game and additional free coins, chips or cards at specific time intervals. Players may exhaust the coins, chips or cards that they receive for free and may choose to purchase additional coins, chips or cards in order to enhance gameplay. Once obtained, coins, chips and cards (either free or purchased) cannot be redeemed for cash nor exchanged for anything other than game play within SciPlay’s apps. SciPlay generates additional revenue through advertising arrangements in certain games, which was not material for the periods presented. Players who install these games receive free, unlimited gameplay that requires viewing of periodic in-game advertisements.

SciPlay currently offers a variety of social casino games, including JACKPOT PARTY® Casino, QUICK HIT® Slots, GOLD FISH® Casino, 88 FORTUNES® Slots, MONOPOLY Slots and HOT SHOT CASINO®. SciPlay continues to pursue its strategy of expanding into the online games market. Current casual game titles include BINGO SHOWDOWN® and BACKGAMMON LIVE. SciPlay continually develops and tests various new games. SciPlay’s social casino games typically include slots-style game play and occasionally include table games-style game play, while its casual games blend solitaire-style or bingo game play with adventure game features. All of SciPlay’s games are offered and played across multiple platforms, including APPLE, GOOGLE, FACEBOOK, AMAZON and MICROSOFT. SciPlay launched a proprietary direct-to-consumer in-app purchase platform during 2023, with the goals of improving players’ experience and reducing costs of revenue given the lower payment processing fees and other related expenses for in-app purchases made through the proprietary platform, as compared to the platform fee charged by third-party platforms. Revenue generated via the proprietary direct-to-consumer platform continues to increase and represented approximately 13% of total SciPlay revenue for the first three months of 2025. In addition to original game content, SciPlay’s content library includes recognizable game content across our other platforms within Gaming and iGaming. This content allows players who like playing land-based game content to enjoy some of those same titles in SciPlay’s free-to-play games.

Current Year Update

SciPlay continues to deliver steady results and elevated payer engagement. Revenue decreased slightly by 2% for the three months ended March 31, 2025, which was primarily due to a decline in average monthly payers, primarily attributable to Jackpot Party® Casino, partially offset by an increase in average monthly revenue per paying user. SciPlay continues to deploy strategic game updates, utilize enhanced analytics, pursue international expansion and benefit from the proprietary direct-to-consumer platform.

We have a significant portion of SciPlay personnel located in Tel Aviv, Israel. In light of current circumstances in Israel, we are actively monitoring developments and are ready to redirect resources as needed to minimize impact on SciPlay operations. We do not have servers or infrastructure that are located in Israel that host our games. While we have not yet seen an impact on our business from current events, they could negatively affect the performance of the personnel in that area and have an adverse impact on our business if these events continue and/or escalate.

Results of Operations and KPIs

Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024

(1) Other primarily represents advertising revenue, which was not material for the periods presented.

(in millions unless otherwise noted)

For the three months ended March 31, 2025, revenue decreased 2%, primarily due to a decline in average monthly payers, primarily attributable to Jackpot Party® Casino, partially offset by an increase in average monthly revenue per paying user.

Average MAU and average MPU for the three months ended March 31, 2025 decreased due to the turnover in users. ARPDAU increased as a function of higher player monetization with a slight decrease in average DAU. AMRPPU increased, with payer conversion increasing slightly, as SciPlay continues to improve content and features, resulting in steady paying player interaction.

Payer conversion rates increased slightly due to consistent payer interaction with the games as a result of SciPlay’s focus on introducing new content, features and live events in games.

Operating Expenses and AEBITDA

The slight decrease in operating expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2025, as compared to prior year period, was primarily driven by lower cost of revenue due to higher margins on our direct-to-consumer platform revenue.

AEBITDA increased by $2 million, and AEBITDA margin increased by 2 percentage points to 32%, primarily due revenue generated via our proprietary direct-to-consumer platform, which generates higher margins.

iGAMING

Our iGaming business segment provides a comprehensive suite of digital gaming content, distribution platforms and player account management systems, as well as various other iGaming content and services. The majority of our revenue is derived from casino-style game content, including a wide variety of internally developed and branded games as well as popular third-party provider games. These games are made available to iGaming operators via content aggregation platforms, including Open Gaming System, remote gaming servers and various other platforms. We also provide our Open Platform System, a player account management system which offers a wide range of reporting and administrative functions and tools providing operators full control over all areas of digital gaming operations. Generally, we host the play of our game content which is integrated with the online casino operators’ websites.

Current Year Update

We continue to expand our customer base and capitalize on growth in the North American and International markets, including emerging markets, such as Brazil, by leveraging our industry leading platforms, content and solutions, as well as investing in our ability to scale our own original U.S. land-based content offering.

During the first quarter of 2025, the Company commenced the process of discontinuing its Live Casino operations. This decision reflects our commitment to reallocate resources to maximize our return on investments, and we do not expect that this decision will have a material impact on our iGaming business’s long-term growth prospects.

Results of Operations

Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024

The increase in iGaming revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was $3 million, or 4%, as compared to the prior year period, primarily driven by continuing momentum in the North American market and expansion of our partner network. Wagers processed through our Open Gaming System for current year period increased to $25.2 billion.

Operating expenses increased slightly in correlation with the increase in revenue and primarily due to $7 million in restructuring costs, primarily related to the discontinuation of our Live Casino operations. AEBITDA increased 8%, and AEBITDA margin increased to 35% compared to the prior year period primarily due to lower operating expenses (excluding R&O).

RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING GUIDANCE

We do not expect that any recently issued accounting guidance will have a significant effect on our consolidated financial statements.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

For a description of our policies regarding our critical accounting estimates, see “Critical Accounting Estimates” in *Item 7 “*Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in our 2024 10-K.

There have been no significant changes in our critical accounting estimate policies or the application of those policies to our condensed consolidated financial statements from those presented in *Item 7 “*Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in our 2024 10-K.

LIQUIDITY, CAPITAL RESOURCES AND WORKING CAPITAL

Cash and Available Liquidity

As of March 31, 2025, our principal sources of liquidity, other than cash flows provided by operating activities, were cash and cash equivalents as well as amounts available under the LNWI Revolver.

Cash and Available Revolver Capacity

(in millions)

Total cash held by our foreign subsidiaries was $116 million and $127 million as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. We believe that substantially all cash held outside the U.S. is free from legal encumbrances or similar restrictions that would prevent it from being available to meet our global liquidity needs.

Our Gaming operations generally require significant upfront capital expenditures, and we may need to incur additional capital expenditures in order to retain or increase market share and continue our product investments. For certain game sales in which control of the units have transferred to a customer, but the title transfer is pending until the final payment is made, we have elected to designate future collections as restricted cash until the resolution of the Aristocrat legal matter (for additional information on our legal proceedings, see Note 15 in this Form 10-Q and Note 19 in our 2024 Form 10-K). Other capital requirements for the near term primarily include debt principal and interest payments and also include purchase obligations and supply contracts, license agreement minimum guaranteed payments and lease obligations. There have been no material changes to our capital requirements disclosed in our 2024 10-K, other than those associated with our amended credit facility and new notes offering, as described below and in Note 10.

Our ability to make payments on and to refinance our indebtedness and other obligations depends on our ability to generate cash in the future. We may, from time to time, repurchase or otherwise repay, retire or refinance our debt, through our subsidiaries or otherwise. In the event we pursue significant acquisitions or other expansion opportunities, or conduct significant repurchases of our outstanding securities, we may need to raise additional capital. If we do not have adequate liquidity to support these activities, we may be unable to obtain financing for these cash needs on favorable terms or at all. For additional information regarding our cash needs and related risks, see “Risk Factors” under Part I, Item 1A in our 2024 10-K.

On June 11, 2024, our Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program under which the Company is authorized to repurchase, from time to time through June 12, 2027, up to an aggregate amount of $1.0 billion of shares of outstanding common stock. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, we repurchased approximately 1.9 million shares of common stock at an aggregate cost of $166 million (excluding excise tax).

On February 10, 2025 we amended the LNWI Credit Agreement. The amendment, among other things, (i) provided for new revolving commitments under the LNWI Revolver in an amount of $1.0 billion, which replaced the existing revolving commitments (which were in an amount of $750 million), (ii) extended the maturity of the revolving commitments and (iii) reduced the applicable margin for the revolving loans by up to 50 basis points. See Note 10 for further details.

On February 18, 2025, we announced the strategic acquisition of Grover Charitable Gaming for cash consideration of $850 million at closing and up to $200 million in contingent acquisition consideration payments over a four-year period. The transaction will be funded with the combination of existing cash, incremental debt financing and the recently expanded LNWI Revolver, and it is expected to close during the second quarter of 2025, subject to required regulatory and other approvals and customary closing conditions. Our lead arranger has obtained commitments, subject to customary closing conditions, for a three-year, $800 million Term Loan A credit facility at leverage-based pricing expected to be in line with our current LNWI Revolver credit facility, the proceeds of which will be used for the financing of the pending Grover Charitable Gaming acquisition.

Cash Flow Summary

(in millions)

Cash flows from operating activities

(in millions)

Net cash provided by operating activities increased primarily due to a $24 million increase in earnings (drivers of which are described above), partially offset by changes in working capital accounts. Changes in working capital accounts for the three months ended March 31, 2025 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024 were negatively impacted by the timing of collections of receivables, increased inventory and an increase in cash paid for income taxes, partially offset by changes in accounts payable, which were due to the timing of payments.

Cash flows from investing activities

Net cash used in investing activities decreased primarily due to lower capital expenditures related to the timing of investments in Gaming operations. Capital expenditures are composed of investments in systems, equipment and other assets related to contracts, property and equipment, intangible assets and software. Additionally, the prior year period included an investment of $4 million in the acquisition of a business asset.

Cash flows from financing activities

Net cash used in financing activities increased, as higher purchases of our outstanding common stock under our share repurchase programs and increases in net redemptions of common stock under stock-based compensation plans during the current year period were partially offset by borrowings under our revolving credit facility.

Credit Agreement and Other Debt

For additional information regarding the LNWI Credit Agreement and other debt, interest rate risk and interest rate hedging instruments, see Notes 14 and 15 and *Item 7A “*Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” in our 2024 10-K as well as Notes 10 and 11 and Item 3 below in this Form 10-Q.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of March 31, 2025, we did not have any significant off-balance sheet arrangements.

Market risk is the risk of loss arising from adverse changes in market rates and prices, such as interest rates, foreign exchange rates and commodity prices. The following describes our financial instruments which expose us to market risk.

Interest Rate Risk

As of March 31, 2025, the face value of long-term debt was $3.9 billion, including $2.2 billion of variable rate obligations that fluctuate based on SOFR. Assuming a constant outstanding balance for our variable-rate long-term debt and excluding the impact of interest rate swap contracts, a hypothetical 1% change in interest rates would result in interest expense changing by approximately $22 million. All of our interest rate sensitive financial instruments are held for purposes other than trading.

In April 2022, we entered into interest rate swap contracts to hedge a portion of our interest expense associated with our variable rate debt and effectively fix the interest rate that we pay. The objective of our interest rate swap contracts, which are designated as cash flow hedges of the future interest payments, is to eliminate the variability of cash flows attributable to the SOFR component of interest expense to be paid on a portion of our variable rate debt. These hedges mature in April 2027.

For additional information regarding our long-term debt and interest rate swap contracts, see Notes 10 and 11, respectively.

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we have evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as required by Exchange Act Rule 3a-15(b) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures are effective as of March 31, 2025.

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended March 31, 2025 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Except as set forth below, there have been no material changes in our risk factors from those disclosed under *Item 1A “*Risk Factors” included in our 2024 10-K.

Unfavorable U.S. and international economic conditions, decreased discretionary spending, travel or operational disruptions due to other factors such as inflation, rising benchmark interest rates, new or increased trade tariffs, terrorist activity or threat thereof, armed conflicts or hostilities, civil unrest, health epidemics, contagious disease outbreaks, or public perception thereof, other economic or political uncertainties, or other events beyond our control have adversely affected and may in the future adversely affect our business, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.

Unfavorable economic conditions, including recession, inflation, rising benchmark interest rates, economic slowdown, decreased liquidity in the financial markets, decreased availability of credit, relatively high rates of unemployment and inflation, have had, and may continue to have, a negative effect on our business. Sociopolitical factors such as terrorist activity or threat thereof, armed conflicts or hostilities, civil unrest or other economic or political uncertainties, or health epidemics, contagious disease outbreaks, or public perception thereof, or other events beyond our control that contribute to consumer unease have resulted, and may continue to result, in decreased discretionary spending or travel by consumers and have had, any may continue to have, a negative effect on our businesses. Such factors out of our control may also have effects beyond discretionary spending or travel, such as disruptions to our operations and productivity, which could also have a negative effect on our businesses. Prolonged or more severe economic weakness, particularly from inflation, rising interest rates, new or increased tariffs and foreign currency volatility, could materially adversely impact our business, including causing our expected expenses to increase materially. We cannot fully predict the effects that unfavorable social, political and economic conditions, economic uncertainties and public health crises and any resulting decrease in discretionary spending or travel would have on us, as they would be expected to impact our customers, suppliers, employees, consultants and business partners in varied ways.

In our Gaming business, especially our Participation gaming business, our revenue is largely driven by players’ disposable incomes and level of gaming activity which may be reduced by unfavorable economic conditions. A further or extended decline in disposable income may result in reduced play levels on our Participation gaming machines, causing our results of operations and cash flows from these products to decline. Additionally, higher travel and other costs may adversely affect the number of players visiting our customers’ casinos. Adverse changes in discretionary consumer spending or consumer preferences, resulting in fewer patrons visiting casinos and reduced play levels, could also be driven by factors such as an unstable job market, recession, new or increased tariffs, outbreaks of contagious diseases or public perception thereof or fears of terrorism or other violence. A decline in play levels has negatively impacted the results of operations, cash flows and financial condition of our casino customers and their ability to purchase or lease our products and services.

Unfavorable economic conditions have also impacted, and could continue to impact, the ability of our Gaming customers to make timely payments to us. These conditions, and the concentration of certain outstanding Gaming segment receivables, may increase our collection risks and materially impact our estimate of receivables allowance for credit losses. In addition, unfavorable economic conditions have caused, and may cause in the future, some of our Gaming customers to temporarily close gaming venues or ultimately declare bankruptcy, which adversely affects our business. Further, our Gaming customers could elect to modify their replacement cycles or otherwise delay purchases and capital expenditures they would have otherwise made. Unfavorable economic conditions may also result in volatility in the credit and equity markets. The difficulty or inability of our customers to generate or obtain adequate levels of capital to finance their ongoing operations may reduce their ability to purchase our products and services.

In our iGaming business based on a Participation model, our revenue is largely driven by disposable incomes and level of player activity. Unfavorable economic conditions have previously reduced and may later reduce the disposable incomes of end users consuming the services, which could negatively impact revenues for the iGaming business. Suppliers to our iGaming business may suffer financial difficulties and may not be able to offer their services and products, which could restrict the provision of our services and negatively impact our revenues. Various gambling regulators have implemented additional responsible and safer gambling measures relating to online casinos, including the implementation of bet limits, spin speeds, deposit limits and bonusing, which could negatively impact our revenues, particularly if additional gambling regulators follow suit or additional measures are introduced.

In our SciPlay business, while we maintain offices in the U.S., we have employees and consultants operating in foreign jurisdictions, including Israel. In the foreign jurisdictions in which SciPlay operates, conditions such as political instability, inflation, slower growth or recession, new or increased tariffs, terrorist activity or threat thereof, armed conflicts or hostilities and civil unrest could adversely affect our business and results of operations. For example, political, economic and military conditions in Israel, including acts of terrorism, war or other armed conflicts, which have impacted our employees and operations in Israel, could in the future cause business interruptions or other spillover effects that could materially adversely affect SciPlay’s business and results of operations.

Additionally, in our Gaming business, we monitor for any potential disruptions in our supply chain, such as those due to health epidemics, contagious disease outbreaks, or public perception thereof, terrorist activity or threat thereof, armed conflicts or hostilities, civil unrest or other economic or political uncertainties, or other events beyond our control, and we may be required to increase our inventory positions when deemed necessary to mitigate any expected or unexpected delays and fulfill customer orders timely. The current conflict in Israel has delayed passage of supplier vessels through the Red Sea and could require us to increase our inventory positions and/or could result in higher holding and freight costs, which could adversely impact our operations and/or gross margin.

There are ongoing concerns regarding the debt burden of certain countries, particularly in Europe and South America, and their ability to meet their future financial obligations, which have resulted in downgrades of the debt ratings for these countries. We currently operate in, and our growth strategy may involve pursuing expansion or business opportunities in certain of these jurisdictions, such as Argentina, Brazil, Greece, Italy and Puerto Rico among others. These sovereign debt concerns, whether real or perceived, could result in a recession, prolonged economic slowdown, or otherwise negatively impact the general health and stability of the economies in these countries or more broadly. In more severe cases, this could result in a limitation on the availability or flow of capital, thereby restricting our liquidity and negatively impacting our results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.

Changes in international trade policy, including the imposition of tariffs and the resulting consequences, may have a material adverse impact on our business, operating results, and financial condition.

The U.S. government has adopted new approaches to trade policy and in some cases, may renegotiate, or potentially terminate, certain existing bilateral or multi-lateral trade agreement. The U.S. government has also imposed tariffs on certain foreign goods and has raised the possibility of imposing significant, additional tariff increases or expanding the tariffs to capture other countries and types of foreign goods. In addition, in response to tariffs, other countries have implemented retaliatory tariffs on U.S. goods.

We cannot yet predict the full effect of the recently imposed U.S. tariffs on imports, or the extent to which other countries will impose quotas, duties, tariffs, taxes or other similar restrictions upon the import or export of materials in the future, nor can we predict future trade policy or the terms of any renegotiated trade agreements and their impact on our business. As we currently source a portion of our Gaming Business raw materials and components from China and across Asia, any additional duties imposed on imports may materially impact our supply chain by making it more difficult or costly to procure these items. Potential adverse impacts on our operating results include increased costs for our products and disruptions in our manufacturing and supply. The overall impact of trade policy and laws on our business depends on multiple factors, including their duration, their scope and its potential expansion, enforcement, retaliatory measures by impacted exporting countries, inflationary effects and broader macroeconomic responses, changes to consumer purchasing behavior, and the effectiveness of our responses in managing these impacts. While we believe we can adapt our business strategy to mitigate these effects, there is no assurance that these efforts will fully offset any increased costs.

Additionally, political tensions as a result of trade policies could reduce trade volume, investment and other economic activities between major international economies, resulting in a material adverse effect on global economic conditions and the stability of global financial markets. Uncertainties in global economic conditions have in the past negatively impacted discretionary consumer spending. As our revenue in our Gaming and iGaming businesses is largely driven by players’ disposable incomes and level of gaming activity, a downturn in the economic environment may in turn have a material adverse impact on our business and financial condition.