Nacco Industries Inc: Form 10-Q for the period ended Jun 30, 2024

(Amounts in thousands, except as noted and per share data)

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are based upon management's current expectations and are subject to various uncertainties and changes in circumstances. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in these forward-looking statements are set forth below under the heading “Forward-Looking Statements."

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations include NACCO Industries, Inc.® (“NACCO”) and its wholly owned subsidiary, NACCO Natural Resources® (collectively, the “Company”). NACCO Natural Resources brings natural resources to life by delivering aggregates, minerals, reliable fuels and environmental solutions through its robust business portfolio. The Company operates under three business segments: Coal Mining, North American Mining® ("NAMining") and Minerals Management. The Coal Mining segment operates surface coal mines for power generation companies. The NAMining segment is a trusted mining partner for producers of aggregates, activated carbon, lithium and other industrial minerals. The Minerals Management segment, which includes the Catapult Mineral Partners ("Catapult") business, acquires and promotes the development of mineral interests. Mitigation Resources of North America® ("Mitigation Resources") provides stream and wetland mitigation solutions as well as comprehensive reclamation and restoration construction services.

The Company has items not directly attributable to a reportable segment that are not included in the reported financial results of the operating segment. These items primarily include administrative costs related to public company reporting requirements, including management and board compensation, and the financial results of Bellaire Corporation ("Bellaire"), Mitigation Resources and other developing businesses. Bellaire manages the Company’s long-term liabilities related to former Eastern U.S. underground mining activities.

All financial statement line items below operating profit (other income, including interest expense and interest income, the provision (benefit) for income taxes and net income) are presented and discussed within this Form 10-Q on a consolidated basis.

The Company’s operating segments are further described below:

Coal Mining Segment

The Coal Mining segment operates surface coal mines under long-term contracts with power generation companies pursuant to a service-based business model. Coal is surface mined in North Dakota and Mississippi. Each mine is fully integrated with its customer's operations.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, the Coal Mining segment's operating coal mines were: The Coteau Properties Company (“Coteau”), Coyote Creek Mining Company, LLC (“Coyote Creek”), The Falkirk Mining Company (“Falkirk”) and Mississippi Lignite Mining Company (“MLMC”). Each of these mines supply lignite coal for power generation and delivers its coal production to an adjacent power plant or synfuels plant under a long-term supply contract. While MLMC’s coal supply contract contains a take or pay provision, the contract contains a force majeure provision that allows for the temporary suspension of the take or pay provision during the duration of certain specified events beyond the control of either party; all other coal supply contracts are requirements contracts. Certain coal supply contracts can be terminated early, which would result in a reduction to future earnings.

The MLMC contract is the only coal supply contract in which the Company is responsible for all operating costs, capital requirements and final mine reclamation; therefore, MLMC is consolidated within NACCO’s financial statements. MLMC sells coal to its customer's Red Hills Power Plant at a contractually agreed-upon price which adjusts monthly, primarily based on changes in the level of established indices which reflect general U.S. inflation rates. Profitability at MLMC is affected by customer demand for coal and changes in the indices that determine sales price and actual costs incurred. As diesel fuel is heavily weighted among the indices used to determine the coal sales price, fluctuations in diesel fuel prices can result in significant fluctuations in earnings at MLMC. The Red Hills Power Plant supplies electricity to the Tennessee Valley Authority (“TVA”) under a long-term power purchase agreement. MLMC’s contract with its customer runs through April 1, 2032. TVA’s power portfolio includes coal, nuclear, hydroelectric, natural gas and renewables. The decision regarding which power plants to dispatch is determined by TVA. Reduction in dispatch of the Red Hills Power Plant will result in reduced earnings at MLMC.

On December 18, 2023, MLMC received notice from its customer related to an issue that began on December 15, 2023 and impacted one of two boilers at the Red Hills Power Plant. This issue resulted in a reduction in customer demand which had a significant impact on the Company's results of operations during the first six months of 2024. Based on current expectations, repairs to the boiler will be resolved and the plant will be fully operational by fourth quarter 2024.

The Sabine Mining Company (“Sabine”) operates the Sabine Mine in Texas. All production from Sabine was delivered to Southwestern Electric Power Company's (“SWEPCO”) Henry W. Pirkey Plant (the “Pirkey Plant”). SWEPCO is an American Electric Power (“AEP”) company. As a result of the early retirement of the Pirkey Plant, Sabine ceased deliveries and final reclamation began on April 1, 2023. Funding for mine reclamation is the responsibility of SWEPCO, and Sabine receives compensation for providing mine reclamation services. Sabine will provide mine reclamation services through September 30, 2026. On October 1, 2026, SWEPCO is scheduled to acquire all of the capital stock of Sabine and complete the remaining mine reclamation.

At Coteau, Coyote Creek and Falkirk, the Company is paid a management fee per ton of coal or heating unit (MMBtu) delivered. Each contract specifies the indices and mechanics by which fees change over time, generally in line with broad measures of U.S. inflation. The customers are responsible for funding all mine operating costs, including final mine reclamation, and directly or indirectly providing all of the capital required to build and operate the mine. This contract structure eliminates exposure to spot coal market price fluctuations while providing income and cash flow with minimal capital investment. Other than at Coyote Creek, debt financing provided by or supported by the customers is without recourse to the Company. See Note 6 to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of Coyote Creek's guarantees.

Coteau, Coyote Creek, Falkirk and Sabine each meet the definition of a variable interest entity ("VIE"). In each case, NACCO is not the primary beneficiary of the VIE as it does not exercise financial control; therefore, NACCO does not consolidate the results of these operations within its financial statements. Instead, these contracts are accounted for as equity method investments. The Company regularly evaluates if there are reconsideration events which could change the Company's conclusion as to whether these entities meet the definition of a VIE and the determination of the primary beneficiary. The income before income taxes associated with these VIEs is reported as Earnings of unconsolidated operations on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and the Company’s investment is reported on the line Investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The mines that meet the definition of a VIE are referred to collectively as the “Unconsolidated Subsidiaries.” For tax purposes, the Unconsolidated Subsidiaries are included within the NACCO consolidated U.S. tax return; therefore, the Income tax provision (benefit) line on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations includes income taxes related to these entities. See Note 6 to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further information on the Unconsolidated Subsidiaries.

The Company performs contemporaneous reclamation activities at each mine in the normal course of operations. Under all of the Unconsolidated Subsidiaries’ contracts, the customer has the obligation to fund final mine reclamation activities. Under certain contracts, the Unconsolidated Subsidiary holds the mine permit and is therefore responsible for final mine reclamation activities. To the extent the Unconsolidated Subsidiary performs such final reclamation, it is compensated for providing those services in addition to receiving reimbursement from customers for costs incurred.

NAMining Segment

The NAMining segment provides value-added contract mining and other services for producers of industrial minerals. The segment is a platform for the Company’s growth and diversification of mining activities outside of the thermal coal industry. NAMining provides contract mining services for independently owned mines and quarries, creating value for its customers by performing the mining aspects of its customers’ operations. This allows customers to focus on their areas of expertise: materials handling and processing, product sales and distribution. As of June 30, 2024, NAMining operates in Florida, Texas, Arkansas, Virginia and Nebraska. In addition, Sawtooth Mining, LLC ("Sawtooth") has exclusive responsibility for mining and mine closure services for the Thacker Pass lithium project in northern Nevada, including mine design, construction, operation and maintenance.

Certain of the entities within the NAMining segment are VIEs and are accounted for under the equity method as Unconsolidated Subsidiaries. See Note 6 to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion.

Minerals Management Segment

The Minerals Management segment derives income primarily by leasing its royalty and mineral interests to third-party exploration and production companies, and, to a lesser extent, other mining companies, granting them the rights to explore, develop, mine, produce, market and sell gas, oil, and coal in exchange for royalty payments based on the lessees' sales of those minerals.

The Minerals Management segment owns royalty interests, mineral interests, non-participating royalty interests and overriding royalty interests.

• Royalty Interest. Royalty interests generally result when the owner of a mineral interest leases the underlying minerals to an exploration and production company pursuant to an oil and gas lease. Typically, the resulting royalty interest is a cost-free percentage of production revenues for minerals extracted from the acreage. A holder of royalty interests is generally not responsible for capital expenditures or lease operating expenses, but royalty interests may be calculated net of post-production expenses, and typically have no environmental liability. Royalty interests leased to producers expire upon the expiration of the oil and gas lease and revert to the mineral owner.
• Mineral Interest. Mineral interests are perpetual rights of the owner to explore, develop, exploit, mine and/or produce any or all of the minerals lying below the surface of the property. The holder of a mineral interest has the right to lease the minerals to an exploration and production company. Upon the execution of an oil and gas lease, the lessee (the exploration and production company) becomes the working interest owner and the lessor (the mineral interest owner) has a royalty interest.
• Non-Participating Royalty Interest (“NPRIs”). NPRI is an interest in oil and gas production which is created from the mineral estate. The NPRI is expense-free, bearing no operational costs of production. The term “non-participating” indicates that the interest owner does not share in the bonus, rentals from a lease, nor the right to participate in the execution of oil and gas leases. The NPRI owner does, however, typically receive royalty payments.
• Overriding Royalty Interest (“ORRIs”). ORRIs are created by carving out the right to receive royalties from a working interest. Like royalty interests, ORRIs do not confer an obligation to make capital expenditures or pay for lease operating expenses and have limited environmental liability; however, ORRIs may be calculated net of post-production expenses, depending on how the ORRI is structured. ORRIs that are carved out of working interests are linked to the same underlying oil and gas lease that created the working interest, and therefore, such ORRIs are typically subject to expiration upon the expiration or termination of the oil and gas lease.

The Company may own more than one type of mineral and royalty interest in the same tract of land. For example, where the Company owns an ORRI in a lease on the same tract of land in which it owns a mineral interest, the ORRI in that tract will relate to the same gross acres as the mineral interest in that tract.

The Minerals Management segment will benefit from the continued development of its mineral properties without the need for investment of additional capital once mineral and royalty interests have been acquired. The Minerals Management segment does not currently have any material investments under which it would be required to bear the cost of exploration, production or development.

The Company's acquisition criteria for building a blended portfolio of mineral and royalty interests includes (i) new wells anticipated to come online within one to two years of investment, (ii) areas with forecasted future development within five years after acquisition and (iii) existing producing wells further along the decline curve that will generate stable cash flow. In addition, acquisitions should extend the geographic footprint to diversify across multiple basins with a preliminary focus on the more oil-rich Permian basin and a secondary focus on other diversifying basins to increase regional exposure. While the current focus is on the acquisition of mineral and royalty interests, the Company would also consider investments in ORRIs, NPRIs or non-operating working interests under certain circumstances. The current acquisition strategy does not contemplate any near-term working interest investments in which the Company would act as the operator.

The Company also manages legacy royalty and mineral interests located in Ohio (Utica and Marcellus shale natural gas), Louisiana (Haynesville shale and Cotton Valley formation natural gas), Texas (Cotton Valley and Austin Chalk formation natural gas), Mississippi (coal), Pennsylvania (coal, coalbed methane and Marcellus shale natural gas), Alabama (coal, coalbed methane and natural gas) and North Dakota (coal, oil and natural gas). The majority of the Company’s legacy reserves were acquired as part of its historical coal mining operations.

Government Regulation Update

In May 2024, the Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) published the final rules for Greenhouse Gas (“GHG”) emissions and Mercury Air Toxics Standards (“MATS”) in the Federal Register. The final MATS and GHG rules will require compliance as early as 2027 and 2032, respectively. The Company is in the process of determining the implications of these rules. Previous efforts by the EPA were met with extensive litigation and there has been a similar response to the new GHG and MATS rules.

State coalitions have filed lawsuits challenging both of these rules. Several other entities, including electric generators and industry groups, have joined the lawsuits. Stay motions are pending in both lawsuits.

Review of the newly established emission guidelines for carbon dioxide emissions from existing coal-fired, steam generating electric generating units ("EGUs") indicate that the compliance deadline for coal-fired plants planning to install carbon capture and sequestration/storage technology has been extended to January 1, 2032 in order to operate beyond 2039. If a coal-fired plant intends to close prior to 2032, no controls will be required and if a plant plans to close between 2032 and 2039, they must begin co-firing with natural gas by January 1, 2030.

The MATS rules finalize changes for the filterable particulate matter surrogate emission standard for non-mercury metal hazardous air pollutants for existing coal-fired EGUs, the filterable particulate matter emission standard compliance demonstration requirements, and the mercury emission standard for lignite-fired EGUs. Review of the MATS rules indicate that the EPA significantly reduced the fine particulate matter emission standard for all existing coal-fired EGUs and will require continuous monitoring equipment to demonstrate compliance. Furthermore, the EPA elected to remove the lignite subcategory for mercury limits and will require lignite-fired EGUs to meet the same standard as other types of coal.

Substantially all of the Coal Mining segment's profits are derived from long-term mining contracts. These new rules may raise the cost of fossil fuel generated energy, making coal-fired power plants less competitive, and/or result in early closure which could have an adverse impact on demand for coal and ultimately result in the early closure of the mines servicing these plants, including closure of the Company's coal mines. Any such closure of the Company's mines could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

The EPA promulgated a regional haze program designed to protect and to improve visibility at and around Class I Areas, which are generally National Parks, National Wilderness Areas and International Parks. State implementation of the EPA’s Regional Haze Rule could require Coyote Creek’s customers to incur significant new costs at the Coyote Station power plant, which could result in the premature closure of the power plant and the Coyote Creek mine. The North Dakota Department of Environmental Quality (“NDDEQ”) finalized its state implementation plan and submitted it to the EPA for approval in August 2022. The NDDEQ determined that visibility progress was being made and did not require significant emissions controls at Coyote Station power plant. Notwithstanding NDDEQ’s determination, the EPA may require additional costly emission controls and it may not be economically feasible for Coyote Creek's customers to invest in such equipment, which could result in early retirement of Coyote Station and the Coyote Creek mine. In July 2024, the EPA issued a proposed partial denial of the state implementation plan. The Company plans to submit comments to the EPA on the proposed partial denial.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

Refer to the discussion of the Company's Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates as disclosed on pages 52 through 53 in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. The Company's Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates have not materially changed since December 31, 2023.

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY

The results of operations for NACCO were as follows for the three and six months ended June 30:

The components of the change in revenues and operating profit are discussed below in "Segment Results."

Second Quarter of 2024 Compared with Second Quarter of 2023, and First Six Months of 2024 Compared with First Six Months of 2023

Other expense (income), net

Interest expense increased in the second quarter of 2024 and the first six months of 2024 compared with the respective 2023 periods due to higher average borrowings as well as an increase in interest rates.

Interest income decreased in the second quarter of 2024 and the first six months of 2024 compared with the respective 2023 periods due to lower earnings on reduced cash balances.

Loss (gain) on equity securities represents changes in the market price of invested assets reported at fair value. The change in the second quarter of 2024 and the first six months of 2024 compared with the respective 2023 periods was due to fluctuations in the market prices of the exchange-traded equity securities. See Note 5 to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of equity securities.

On December 1, 2022, the Company transferred its ownership interest in Midwest AgEnergy Group, LLC (“MAG”), a North Dakota-based ethanol business to HLCP Ethanol Holdco, LLC (“HLCP”). The Company received a payment of $1.2 million in the first quarter of 2023 in connection with a post-closing purchase price adjustment, which is included on the line Other, net within the accompanying Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Income Taxes

The Company evaluates and updates its estimated annual effective income tax rate on a quarterly basis based on current and forecasted operating results and tax laws. Consequently, based upon the mix and timing of actual earnings compared to projections of earnings between entities that benefit from percentage depletion and those that do not, the effective tax rate may vary quarterly and may make quarterly comparisons not meaningful. The benefit of percentage depletion is not directly related to the amount of consolidated pre-tax income recorded in a period. Accordingly, in periods where income before tax is relatively small, the proportional effect of the benefit from percentage depletion on the effective tax rate may be significant. In addition, as a result of a forecasted full-year 2023 loss before income tax as of June 30, 2023, the effect of the benefit from percentage depletion resulted in a negative forecasted effective tax rate. Each quarter, the Company updates its estimate of the annual effective tax rate and the cumulative impact of the change in the estimated annual tax rate is recorded, which can additionally make quarterly comparisons not meaningful.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES OF NACCO

Cash Flows

The following tables detail NACCO's changes in cash flow for the six months ended June 30:

The $29.0 million change in net cash (used for) provided by operating activities was primarily due to a net unfavorable change in working capital, which was mainly the result of:

• An increase in Other current assets during the first six months of 2024 compared with a modest increase in the first six months of 2023. The change in Other current assets was mainly due to an increase in vendor deposits.
• An increase in Inventory during the first six months of 2024 compared with a decrease in the first six months of 2023, primarily due to an increase in mining supplies.
• A reduction in the Federal income tax receivable during the first six months of 2023 that did not reoccur in the first six months of 2024.

These unfavorable changes were partially offset by a decrease in Trade accounts receivable and Accounts receivable from affiliates during the first six months of 2024 compared with increases in the first six months of 2023. The 2023 increase in Trade accounts receivable was due to a delay in payments by a customer. The change in Accounts receivable from affiliates is primarily attributable to the amount and timing of payments from unconsolidated subsidiaries.

In addition, the Company entered into an Accounts Receivable Financing Program with a third-party banking institution on March 14, 2024 for the sale of certain accounts receivables. Accounts receivable sold under the Accounts Receivable Financing Program for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 were $11.0 million and $17.1 million, respectively. The net proceeds received were included in Net cash (used for) provided by operating activities in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

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The change in net cash provided by (used for) financing activities was primarily due to additions in debt borrowings during the first six months of 2024 compared with reductions during the first six months of 2023, partially offset by share repurchases during the first six months of 2024.

Cash held by 1031 exchange facilitator

The Company has cash proceeds from the sale of assets held by a qualified intermediary to facilitate tax-deferred exchange transactions under Section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code. In May 2024, the Company sold land for $7.0 million and recognized a $4.5 million gain in the Minerals Management segment. The Company structured this transaction in a manner that qualified as like-kind exchange pursuant to Section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code. The net proceeds are being held in escrow until replacement property is purchased. A $0.3 million property related to this like-kind exchange was acquired in June 2024. The Company had $6.7 million and $0.0 million of restricted cash at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, which is reported on the line Cash held by 1031 exchange facilitator in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company is evaluating other acquisitions which, if executed, could utilize some or all of the remaining restricted cash.

Financing Activities

NACCO Natural Resources Corporation (“NACCO Natural Resources”), maintains a secured revolving line of credit of up to $150.0 million (the “Facility”) that expires in November 2025. Borrowings outstanding under the Facility were $27.5 million at June 30, 2024. At June 30, 2024, the excess availability under the Facility was $89.4 million, which reflects a reduction for outstanding letters of credit of $33.1 million.

NACCO has not guaranteed any borrowings of NACCO Natural Resources. The Facility allows for the payment to NACCO of dividends and advances under certain circumstances. Dividends (to the extent permitted by the Facility) and management fees are the primary sources of cash for NACCO and enable the Company to pay dividends to stockholders and repurchase shares.

The Facility has performance-based pricing, which sets interest rates based upon NACCO Natural Resources achieving various levels of debt to EBITDA ratios, as defined in the Facility. Borrowings bear interest at a floating rate plus a margin based on the level of debt to EBITDA ratio achieved. The applicable margins, effective June 30, 2024, for base rate and SOFR loans were 1.23% and 2.23%, respectively. The Facility has a commitment fee which is based upon achieving various levels of debt to EBITDA ratios. The commitment fee was 0.34% on the unused commitment at June 30, 2024. During the three and six

months ended June 30, 2024, the average borrowing under the Facility was $23.0 million and $18.2 million, respectively,

and the weighted-average annual interest rate was 9.73% during both periods.

The Facility contains restrictive covenants, which require, among other things, NACCO Natural Resources to maintain a maximum net debt to EBITDA ratio of 2.75 to 1.00 and an interest coverage ratio of not less than 4.00 to 1.00. The Facility provides the ability to make loans, dividends and advances to NACCO, with some restrictions based on maintaining a maximum debt to EBITDA ratio of 1.50 to 1.00, or if greater than 1.50 to 1.00, a Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio of 1.10 to 1.00, in conjunction with maintaining unused availability thresholds of borrowing capacity, as defined in the Facility, of $15.0 million. At June 30, 2024, NACCO Natural Resources was in compliance with all financial covenants in the Facility.

The obligations under the Facility are guaranteed by certain of NACCO Natural Resources' direct and indirect, existing and future domestic subsidiaries, and is secured by certain assets of NACCO Natural Resources and the guarantors, subject to customary exceptions and limitations.

The Company believes funds available from cash on hand, the Facility and operating cash flows will provide sufficient liquidity to meet its operating needs and commitments arising during the next twelve months and until the expiration of the Facility in November 2025.

Expenditures for property, plant and equipment and mineral interests

Expenditures for property, plant and equipment and mineral interests were $22.4 million during the first six months of 2024, primarily for the acquisition of land at Mitigation Resources and equipment at NAMining. Planned expenditures for the remainder of 2024 are expected to be approximately $9 million in the Coal Mining segment, $12 million in the NAMining segment, $20 million in the Minerals Management segment and $3 million in Unallocated Items.

Expenditures are expected to be funded from internally generated funds and/or bank borrowings.

Capital Structure

NACCO's consolidated capital structure is presented below:

The increase in other net tangible assets at June 30, 2024 compared with December 31, 2023 was mainly the result of increases in Property, plant and equipment, Other current assets and Prepaid insurance during the first six months of 2024. The increase in other current assets is primarily due to $6.7 million of cash held by a qualified intermediary to facilitate tax-deferred exchange transactions under Section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code and $5.7 million in vendor deposits.

Contractual Obligations, Contingent Liabilities and Commitments

Since December 31, 2023, other than the changes identified above, there have been no significant changes in the total amount of NACCO's contractual obligations, contingent liabilities or commercial commitments, or the timing of cash flows in accordance with those obligations as reported on page 58 in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. See Note 6 to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of certain guarantees related to Coyote Creek.

SEGMENT RESULTS

COAL MINING SEGMENT

FINANCIAL REVIEW

Tons of coal delivered by the Coal Mining segment were as follows for the three and six months ended June 30:

The results of operations for the Coal Mining segment were as follows for the three and six months ended June 30:

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(a) See Note 6 to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of the Company's unconsolidated subsidiaries, including summarized financial information.

Second Quarter of 2024 Compared with Second Quarter of 2023

Revenues decreased 43.1% in the second quarter of 2024 compared with the second quarter of 2023 primarily due to a reduction in customer requirements at MLMC as a result of an ongoing issue that impacted one of two boilers at the Red Hills Power Plant.

The following table identifies the components of change in Operating profit (loss) for the second quarter of 2024 compared with the second quarter of 2023:

Operating profit (loss) changed favorably by $7.4 million in the second quarter of 2024 compared with the second quarter of 2023 primarily due to a decrease in gross loss and an increase in earnings of unconsolidated operations. These favorable changes were partially offset by an increase in selling, general and administrative expenses primarily due to higher employee-related costs.

The reduction in revenues at MLMC was offset by lower cost of goods sold, resulting in a decrease in gross loss during the second quarter of 2024 compared with the second quarter of 2023. The reduction in cost of goods sold was primarily attributable to increased operating efficiencies due to the completion of the move to a new mine area in 2023 and improved mining conditions in the second quarter of 2024 compared to the prior period. Changes in the level of coal inventory and costs capitalized into inventory also contributed to the improvement as the decrease in demand resulted in an increase in the coal stockpile and an increase in costs capitalized into inventory during the second quarter of 2024. Cost of sales in the second quarter of 2023 was higher as the coal stockpile was reduced during the move to a new mine area and prior period production costs were recognized into income. In addition, gross loss in the second quarter of 2024 and 2023 included $0.7 million and $1.8 million of inventory impairment charges, respectively, to write down MLMC's coal inventory to its net realizable value.

The increase in earnings of unconsolidated operations was primarily due to an increase in customer demand at Falkirk as well as a higher per ton management fee beginning in June 2024 when temporary price concessions ended. Improved results at Sabine also contributed to the increase in earnings of unconsolidated operations.

First Six Months of 2024 Compared with First Six Months of 2023

Revenues decreased 35.0% in the first six months of 2024 compared with the first six months of 2023 primarily due to a reduction in customer requirements at MLMC as a result of an ongoing issue that impacted one of two boilers at the Red Hills Power Plant.

The following table identifies the components of change in Operating profit (loss) for the first six months of 2024 compared with the first six months of 2023:

Operating profit (loss) changed favorably by $6.7 million in the first six months of 2024 compared with the first six months of 2023 primarily due to a decrease in gross loss and an increase in earnings of unconsolidated operations. These favorable changes were partially offset by an increase in selling, general and administrative expenses primarily due to higher employee-related costs.

The reduction in revenues at MLMC was offset by lower cost of goods sold, resulting in a decrease in gross loss during the first six months of 2024 compared with the first six months of 2023. The reduction in cost of goods sold was primarily attributable to increased operating efficiencies due to the completion of the move to a new mine area in 2023 and improved mining conditions in the first six months of 2024 compared to the prior period. Changes in the level of coal inventory and costs capitalized into inventory also contributed to the improvement as the decrease in demand resulted in an increase in the coal stockpile and an increase in costs capitalized into inventory during the first six months of 2024. Cost of sales in the first six months of 2023 was higher as the coal stockpile was reduced during the move to a new mine area and prior period production costs were recognized into income. In addition, gross loss in the first six months of 2024 and 2023 included $3.1 million and $4.2 million of inventory impairment charges, respectively, to write down MLMC's coal inventory to its net realizable value.

The increase in earnings of unconsolidated operations was primarily due to an increase in customer demand at Falkirk as well as a higher per ton management fee beginning in June 2024 when temporary price concessions ended. Improved results at Sabine also contributed to the increase in earnings of unconsolidated operations.

NORTH AMERICAN MINING ("NAMining") SEGMENT

FINANCIAL REVIEW

Tons delivered by the NAMining segment were as follows for the three and six months ended June 30:

The results of operations for the NAMining segment were as follows for the three and six months ended June 30:

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(a) See Note 6 to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of the Company's unconsolidated subsidiaries, including summarized financial information.

Second Quarter of 2024 Compared with Second Quarter of 2023

Total revenues increased 28.6% in the second quarter of 2024 compared with the second quarter of 2023, primarily due to an increase in reimbursable costs, which have an offsetting amount in cost of sales and have no impact on operating profit. An increase in demand at the consolidated quarries also contributed to the improvement in total revenues.

The following table identifies the components of change in Operating profit for the second quarter of 2024 compared with the second quarter of 2023:

Operating profit increased $0.9 million in the second quarter of 2024 compared with the second quarter of 2023 primarily due to an increase in gross profit. This improvement was mainly the result of favorable pricing and improved margins at the limestone quarries resulting from mutually beneficial contract amendments. A new 15-year contract to mine phosphate at a quarry in central Florida also contributed to the increase in gross profit. These improvements were partially offset by higher employee-related costs.

First Six Months of 2024 Compared with First Six Months of 2023

Total revenues increased 23.7% in the first six months of 2024 compared with the first six months of 2023 primarily due to an increase in demand at the consolidated quarries. An increase in reimbursable costs, which have an offsetting amount in cost of sales and have no impact on operating profit, also contributed to the improvement in total revenues.

The following table identifies the components of change in Operating profit for the first six months of 2024 compared with the first six months of 2023:

Operating profit increased $2.4 million in the first six months of 2024 compared with the first six months of 2023 primarily due to an increase in gross profit. This improvement was mainly the result of favorable pricing and improved margins at the limestone quarries resulting from mutually beneficial contract amendments. A new phosphate contract also contributed to the increase in gross profit. These improvements were partially offset by higher employee-related costs.

MINERALS MANAGEMENT SEGMENT

FINANCIAL REVIEW

The following table sets forth the Company’s estimate of the number of gross and net productive wells:

Gross wells are the total wells in which an interest is owned. Net wells are calculated based on the Company's net royalty interest, factoring in both ownership percentage of gross wells and royalty rate.

Oil and natural gas prices have been historically volatile and may continue to be volatile in the future. The table below demonstrates volatility with the average prices as reported by the United States Energy Information Administration for the three and six months ended June 30:

These indicated prices do not necessarily reflect the contract terms for the Company's sales. As an owner of royalty and mineral interests, the Company’s access to information concerning activity and operations of its royalty and mineral interests is limited. The Company does not have information that would be available to a company with working interests in oil and natural gas operations because detailed information is not generally available to owners of royalty and mineral interests.

The following table sets forth the estimated oil and natural gas production data related to the Company’s mineral and royalty interests as well as certain price and cost information for the three and six months ended June 30:

(1) Bbl. One stock tank barrel, or 42 U.S. gallons liquid volume.

(2) Mcf. One thousand cubic feet of natural gas at the contractual pressure and temperature bases.

(3) BOE. Barrel of Oil Equivalent, a conversion factor of 6 MCF of gas was used for 1 equivalent bbl of oil.

(4) As an owner of mineral and royalty interests, the Company’s access to information concerning activity and operations of its royalty and mineral interests is limited. As a result, the Company estimated May and June 2024 data with volumes projected from prior well production and pricing based on public pricing data adjusted for expense information.

The results of operations for the Minerals Management segment were as follows for the three and six months ended June 30:

Revenues and gross profit decreased in the second quarter of 2024 and the first six months of 2024 compared with the respective 2023 periods, primarily due to substantially lower natural gas and oil prices and changes in pricing estimates. The second quarter of 2023 included $1.4 million of settlement income related to the Company’s ownership interest in certain mineral rights.

Operating profit increased in the second quarter of 2024 and the first six months of 2024, as the Company recognized a $4.5 million gain on the sale of land related to legacy operations.

UNALLOCATED ITEMS AND ELIMINATIONS

FINANCIAL REVIEW

Unallocated Items and Eliminations were as follows for the three and six months ended June 30:

The operating loss in the second quarter and first six months of 2024 increased compared with the respective 2023 periods due to higher operating expenses at Mitigation Resources and higher employee-related costs.

NACCO Industries, Inc. Outlook

Coal Mining Outlook

Coal deliveries in the second half of 2024 are expected to increase over 2023 levels as higher deliveries at Coteau and Falkirk are partly offset by fewer deliveries at MLMC. The decrease in MLMC deliveries is due to the previously mentioned boiler issue. Coal Mining segment full-year 2024 deliveries are expected to be comparable to 2023.

Excluding the $60.8 million impairment charge taken in fourth-quarter 2023, Coal Mining operating profit and Segment Adjusted EBITDA are expected to increase significantly in both the 2024 second half and full year compared with the respective 2023 periods. These anticipated increases are primarily due to an expected substantial improvement in results at MLMC and higher earnings at the unconsolidated coal mining operations.

The anticipated second-half 2024 increase in earnings at the unconsolidated coal mining operations compared with 2023 is driven primarily by an expectation for increased deliveries, as well as the cessation of temporary price concessions at Falkirk.

Second-half 2024 results are also expected to increase significantly over the first half primarily due to higher earnings at Falkirk and improved results at MLMC based on current expectations that the boiler issue will be resolved and the plant will be fully operational by the fourth quarter of 2024.

Capital expenditures in 2024 are expected to be approximately $13 million, with $9 million expended in the second half of 2024.

NAMining Outlook

NAMining expects operating profit and Segment Adjusted EBITDA to increase in both the 2024 second half and full year over the respective 2023 periods but decrease from the 2024 first half. The year-over-year improvements are primarily due to the late 2023 amendment of limestone contracts to more mutually advantageous contract terms, a scope of work expansion with another customer and the second-quarter 2024 commencement of a new 15-year contract to mine phosphate at a quarry in central Florida. Earnings in the second half are expected to moderate from the first half of 2024 due to anticipated lower customer requirements.

Sawtooth is the exclusive provider of comprehensive mining services at Thacker Pass, including mine design, construction, operation, maintenance and reclamation. Thacker Pass is owned by Lithium Americas Corp. (TSX: LAC) (NYSE: LAC). Thacker Pass will supply all of Lithium Americas' lithium-bearing ore requirements. In March 2023, Lithium Americas commenced construction at Thacker Pass. Sawtooth will be reimbursed for costs of mining, capital expenditures and mine closure and will recognize a contractually agreed upon production fee. The Company expects to continue to recognize moderate income prior to the commencement of Phase 1 lithium production, estimated to begin in 2027/2028.

Capital expenditures in 2024 are expected to be approximately $23 million, with $12 million expended in the second half of the year, primarily for the acquisition of draglines and dragline parts, as well as other equipment to support existing contracts.

Minerals Management Outlook

Operating profit and Segment Adjusted EBITDA for the 2024 second half and full year are expected to increase compared with the respective 2023 periods, excluding the fourth-quarter 2023 impairment charge of $5.1 million. These improvements are primarily driven by current market expectations for natural gas and oil prices, as well as development and production assumptions on currently owned reserves. Based on current market expectations, operating profit in the second half of 2024 is expected to increase moderately compared with the first half, excluding the $4.5 million gain on sale recognized in the second quarter.

The Minerals Management segment derives income primarily from royalty-based leases under which lessees make payments to the Company based on their sale of natural gas, oil, natural gas liquids and coal, extracted primarily by third parties. As an owner of royalty and mineral interests, the Company’s access to information concerning activity and operations with respect to its interests is limited. The Company's expectations are based on the best information currently available. Changing prices of natural gas and oil could have a significant impact on Minerals Management’s operating profit. Development of additional wells on existing interests in excess of current expectations, or acquisitions of additional interests, could be accretive to future results.

Minerals Management is targeting investments of up to $20 million in the second half of 2024. Future investments are expected to be accretive, but each investment's contribution to near-term earnings is dependent on the details of that investment, including the size and type of interests acquired and the stage and timing of mineral development.

Consolidated Outlook

Result for the second half of 2023 included a $65.9 million pre-tax impairment charge. Comparisons in the remainder of this section exclude the effect of this charge.

Consolidated second-half operating profit is expected to increase compared with both the first half of 2024 and second half of 2023. These improvements are primarily due to anticipated increases in profitability at the Coal Mining segment from improved results at MLMC, Falkirk and Coteau. Contributions from NAMining's growth and profit improvement initiatives are also expected to contribute to improved second-half results.

The Company also expects consolidated net income in the 2024 second half and full year to increase compared with the respective 2023 periods. This improvement is anticipated to be partly offset by an increase in net interest expense as a result of additional borrowings and lower cash levels and higher income tax expense.

The Company is taking steps to terminate its defined benefit pension plan, which will eliminate future volatility from changes in the pension obligation. In connection with this action, obligations under this plan will be transferred to a third-party insurance provider. The Company expects to utilize surplus assets to fund a qualified replacement plan, reducing future cash funding requirements. Although the plan is currently over funded, NACCO is anticipating a non-cash settlement charge in the 2024 fourth quarter, which is expected to partly offset improvements in 2024 second-half operating profit. As a result, the Company anticipates that consolidated net income and Adjusted EBITDA will decrease in the second half of 2024 compared with the first half of the year. While the Company anticipates that third-quarter net income will improve significantly over the second quarter, fourth-quarter net income is expected to be substantially lower than both the third quarter and prior year fourth quarter primarily as a result of the anticipated non-cash pension settlement charge.

Consolidated capital expenditures are expected to total approximately $66 million in 2024, which includes approximately $11 million for Unallocated capital expenditures, primarily at Mitigation Resources. In 2024, cash flow before financing activities is expected to be a use of cash.

Long-term Growth and Diversification

Management is transforming NACCO into a broad-based natural resources company and is optimistic about the Company's long-term business outlook. NACCO's businesses provide critical inputs for electricity generation, construction and development, and the production of industrial minerals and chemicals. Increasing demand for electricity, on-shoring and current federal policies are creating favorable macroeconomic trends within these industries. The Company believes its businesses have competitive advantages that provide value to customers and create long-term value for stockholders. The Company is pursuing growth and diversification by strategically leveraging its core mining and natural resources management skills to build a robust portfolio of affiliated businesses. Opportunities for growth remain strong. Acquisitions of additional mineral interests and improvements in the outlook for Coal Mining segment customers, as well as new contracts at Mitigation Resources and NAMining should be accretive to the Company's outlook.

The Minerals Management segment continues to pursue acquisitions of mineral and royalty interests in the United States. Catapult, the Company’s business unit focused on managing and expanding the Company’s portfolio of oil and gas mineral and royalty interests, has developed a strong network to source and secure new acquisitions. The goal is to construct a high-quality diversified portfolio of oil and gas mineral and royalty interests in the United States that delivers near-term cash flow yields and long-term projected growth. The Company believes this business will provide unlevered after-tax returns on invested capital in the mid-teens as it matures. This business model has the potential to deliver higher average operating margins over the life of a reserve than traditional oil and gas companies that bear the cost of exploration, production and/or development as these costs are borne entirely by third-party exploration and development companies that lease the minerals.

NAMining continues to evaluate new business opportunities and drive profitable growth in line with refined strategic objectives. New contracts and contract extensions are central to the business' organic growth strategy, and the Company expects NAMining to be a substantial contributor to operating profit over time.

Mitigation Resources, which provides stream and wetland mitigation solutions as well as comprehensive reclamation and restoration construction services, continues to build on the substantial foundation it has established over the past several years. This business offers an opportunity for growth and diversification in an industry where the Company has substantial knowledge and expertise and a strong reputation. It currently has ten mitigation banks and four permittee-responsible mitigation projects located in Tennessee, Mississippi, Alabama, Texas, Florida and Pennsylvania. In addition, Mitigation Resources is providing ecological restoration services for abandoned surface mines, as well as pursuing additional environmental restoration projects. It was named a designated provider of abandoned mine land restoration by the State of Texas. The Company believes that Mitigation Resources can provide solid rates of return on capital employed as this business matures.

NACCO also continues to pursue activities which can strengthen the resiliency of its existing coal mining operations. The Company remains focused on managing coal production costs and maximizing efficiencies and operating capacity at mine locations to help customers with management fee contracts be more competitive. These activities benefit both customers and the Company's Coal Mining segment, as fuel cost is a significant driver for power plant dispatch. Increased power plant dispatch results in increased demand for coal by the Coal Mining segment's customers. Fluctuating natural gas prices, weather and availability of renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar, could affect the amount of electricity dispatched from coal-fired power plants. While the Company realizes the coal mining industry faces political and regulatory challenges and demand for coal is projected to decline over the longer-term, the Company believes coal should be an essential part of the energy mix in the United States for the foreseeable future.

The Company continues to look for ways to create additional value by utilizing its core mining competencies which include reclamation and permitting. NACCO established ReGen Resources to utilize these skills to address the rapidly increasing demand for additional power generation sources in the United States through development of solar and other energy-related projects on reclaimed mining properties. These projects could be developed by the Company itself or through joint ventures that include partners with expertise in energy development projects. Current opportunities under review include solar arrays, solar-gas hybrid projects and carbon capture on reclaimed mine land in Mississippi, Pennsylvania and Texas.

NACCO is committed to maintaining a conservative capital structure as it continues to grow and diversify, while avoiding unnecessary risk. The Company believes strategic diversification will generate cash that can be re-invested to strengthen and expand the businesses. The Company also continues to maintain the highest levels of customer service and operational excellence with an unwavering focus on safety and environmental stewardship.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

The statements contained in this Form 10-Q that are not historical facts are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. These forward-looking statements are made subject to certain risks and uncertainties, which could cause actual results to differ materially from those presented. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date hereof. The Company undertakes no obligation to publicly revise these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that arise after the date hereof. Among the factors that could cause plans, actions and results to differ materially from current expectations are, without limitation: (1) changes to or termination of customer or other third-party contracts, or a customer or other third party default under a contract, (2) any customer's premature facility closure or extended project development delay, (3) regulatory actions, including the United States EPA's rules finalized in 2024 relating to mercury and greenhouse gas emissions for coal-fired power plants, changes in mining permit requirements or delays in obtaining mining permits that could affect deliveries to customers, (4) a significant reduction in purchases by the Company's customers, including as a result of changes in coal consumption patterns of U.S. electric power generators, or changes in the power industry that would affect demand for the Company's coal and other mineral reserves, (5) changes in the prices of hydrocarbons, particularly diesel fuel, natural gas, natural gas liquids and oil as result of factors such as OPEC and/or government actions, geopolitical developments, economic conditions and regulatory changes, as well as supply and demand dynamics, (6) changes in development plans by third-party lessees of the Company's mineral interests, (7) failure or delays by the Company's lessees in achieving expected production of natural gas and other hydrocarbons; the availability and cost of transportation and processing services in the areas where the Company's oil and gas reserves are located; federal and state legislative and regulatory initiatives relating to hydraulic fracturing and U.S. export of natural gas; and the ability of lessees to obtain capital or financing needed for well-development operations and leasing and development of oil and gas reserves on federal lands, (8) failure to obtain adequate insurance coverages at reasonable rates, (9) supply chain disruptions, including price increases and shortages of parts and materials, (10) changes in tax laws or regulatory requirements, including the elimination of, or reduction in, the percentage depletion tax deduction, changes in mining or power plant emission regulations and health, safety or environmental legislation, (11) the ability of the Company to access credit in the current economic environment, or obtain financing at reasonable rates, or at all, and to maintain surety bonds for mine reclamation as a result of current market sentiment for fossil fuels, (12) impairment charges, (13) changes in costs related to geological and geotechnical conditions, repairs and maintenance, new equipment and replacement parts, fuel or other similar items, (14) weather conditions, extended power plant outages, liquidity events or other events that would change the level of customers' coal or aggregates requirements, (15) weather or equipment problems that could affect deliveries to customers, (16) changes in the costs to reclaim mining areas, (17) costs to pursue and develop new mining, mitigation, oil and gas and solar development opportunities and other value-added service opportunities, (18) delays or reductions in coal or aggregates deliveries, (19) the ability to successfully evaluate investments and achieve intended financial results in new business and growth initiatives, (20) disruptions from natural or human causes, including severe weather, accidents, fires, earthquakes and terrorist acts, any of which could result in suspension of operations or harm to people or the environment, and (21) the ability to attract, retain, and replace workforce and administrative employees.

As a “smaller reporting company” as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Company is not required to provide this information.

Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures: An evaluation was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of the Company's management, including the principal executive officer and the principal financial officer, of the effectiveness of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, these officers have concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures are effective.

Changes in internal control over financial reporting: During the second quarter of 2024, there have been no changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

PART II

OTHER INFORMATION

During the quarter ended June 30, 2024, there have been no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.