CSB Bancorp, Inc.: Form 10-Q for the period ended Mar 31, 2026

The following management’s discussion and analysis focuses on the consolidated financial condition of the Company on March 31, 2026 as compared to December 31, 2025, and the consolidated results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the same periods in 2025. The purpose of this discussion is to provide the reader with a more thorough understanding of the Consolidated Financial Statements. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the interim condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and related footnotes contained in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements contained in this Quarterly Report are not historical facts but rather are forward-looking statements that are subject to certain risks and uncertainties. When used herein, the terms “anticipates”, “plans”, “expects”, “believes”, and similar expressions as they relate to the Company or its management are intended to identify forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. The Company’s actual results, performance or achievements may materially differ from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements. Risks and uncertainties that could cause or contribute to such material differences include, but are not limited to, general economic conditions, interest rate environment, competitive conditions in the financial services industry, changes in law, governmental policies and regulations, and rapidly changing technology affecting financial services. Other factors not currently anticipated may also materially and adversely affect the Company’s results of operations, cash flows, and financial position. There can be no assurance that future results will meet expectations. While the Company believes that the forward-looking statements in this report are reasonable, the reader should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statement.

The Company does not undertake, and specifically disclaims any obligation, to publicly revise any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of such statements or to reflect the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events, except as may be required by applicable law.

FINANCIAL CONDITION

Total assets decreased $27 million to $1.27 billion at March 31, 2026 compared to $1.29 billion at December 31, 2025. During the three months ended March 31, 2026, securities decreased $7 million, net loans increased $22 million, and cash and cash equivalents decreased $44 million. Deposits and short-term borrowings decreased $30 million.

Net loans increased $22 million, or 3%, as commercial and commercial real estate loans increased $13 million, or 3%, compared to December 31, 2025 and residential real estate loans increased $4 million, or 2%, from December 31, 2025. Construction loans increased $2 million, or 5%, from December 31, 2025. Consumer refinance activity remains slow on mortgage loans, while home construction activity rose as well as home equity line origination increases of $3 million. Residential mortgage loan originations, including home equity lines, for the three months ended March 31, 2026 totaled $17 million, an increase from $10 million in mortgage originations during the three months ended March 31, 2025. Mortgage loan originations sold into the secondary market remained stable at $1.5 million, during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and March 31, 2025 respectively. The Bank originates and sells primarily fixed rate thirty-year mortgages into the secondary market.

The allowance for credit losses for loans increased $477 thousand from December 31, 2025 to $12.9 million. The increase in the allowance was primarily due to the volume increase in loans originated. Net charge-offs were $7 thousand, or an annualized 0.0% of average loans, in the current three-month period compared to net charge-offs of $29 thousand, or 0.02% of average loans in the year-ago three-month period. At March 31, 2026, the allowance for credit losses to total loans was 1.52%. We believe the allowance level is appropriate given the level of problem loans and composition of the overall loan portfolio in the current economic environment.

Nonperforming loans increased $366 thousand to $1.0 million, or 0.12%, of total loans from $652 thousand, or 0.08% of total loans, on December 31, 2025. For the three months ended March 31, 2026, $45 thousand in loans were placed on nonaccrual status and one mortgage loan for $351 thousand was 90 days past due, $30 thousand in paydowns were received, and no nonperforming loans were charged-off due to non-payment.

(Dollars in thousands)

The ratio of gross loans to deposits was 77% and 74% at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

The Company has no exposure to government-sponsored enterprise preferred stocks, collateralized debt obligations, or trust preferred securities. Management has considered industry analyst reports, sector credit reports, and the volatility within the bond market in concluding that the gross unrealized losses of $29 million within the available-for-sale and held-to-maturity portfolios as of March 31, 2026, was primarily the result of current market yields compared to the yields at the time the investments were purchased by the Company and not due to credit quality. As a result, all embedded security losses on March 31, 2026, are considered temporary and no allowance for credit loss is necessary.

The weighted average life of total debt securities was 5.03 years at March 31, 2026 as compared to 5.12 years at December 31, 2025. If interest rates declined 100 basis points, the weighted average life was estimated to fall to 4.55 years at March 31, 2026. If interest rates rose 100 basis points the weighted average life would be expected to increase to 5.57 years at March 31, 2026.

Deposits decreased $26 million, or 2%, from December 31, 2025 with noninterest-bearing deposits decreasing approximately $16 million, or 6%, and interest-bearing deposit accounts decreasing approximately $10 million, or 1%. Total deposits as of March 31, 2026 are $1.1 billion, or 3%, above March 31, 2025 deposit balances. On a year over year comparison, increases were recognized in interest bearing demand accounts of $34 million, and time deposits of $8 million. Decreases were recognized in noninterest-bearing demand deposits of $10 million and money market accounts of $1 million. Deposits have increased as customers move funds into interest bearing demand accounts and time certificates of deposit to take advantage of higher interest rates in those products. The estimated amount of uninsured deposits was $263 million, $281 million, and $262 million as of March 31, 2026, December 31, 2025, and March 31, 2025, respectively.

Short-term borrowings consisting of overnight repurchase agreements with retail customers decreased $4 million, or 12%, to $28 million at March 31, 2026 as compared to December 31, 2025 as these balances are cyclical and typically lower in the first quarter. Other borrowings decreased $25 thousand as the Company repaid FHLB advances.

Total shareholders’ equity amounted to $129 million, or 10%, of total assets at March 31, 2026, an increase of $2.9 million, or 2%, from $126 million at December 31, 2025. The increase in shareholders’ equity during the three months ended March 31, 2026 was due to net income of $4.4 million, net of other comprehensive loss of $392 thousand and cash dividends of $1.1 million. Total accumulated other comprehensive loss ("AOCL") increased during the three months ended March 31, 2026 due to higher U.S. Treasury rates and decreased prices in government agency and corporate bonds as AFS securities are marked to fair value. This remaining unrealized loss in securities is temporary and is adjusted monthly for additional interest rate fluctuations, principal paydowns, calls, and maturities. The Company and the Bank met all regulatory capital requirements at March 31, 2026 as shown in the Capital Resources section of this report.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025

For the quarters ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the Company recorded net income of $4.4 million and $3.6 million and $1.69 and $1.37 per share, respectively. The $828 thousand increase in net income for the period was primarily the result of an increase of $1.8 million in net interest income, offset by an increase in the provision for credit losses and off-balance sheet commitments of $93 thousand. Additionally, a $176 thousand increase in noninterest income was offset by a $824 thousand increase in noninterest expenses. The federal income tax provision increased $215 thousand. Pre-provision net revenue ("PPNR"), (a non-GAAP measure), totaled $6 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2026, an increase of $1.1 million, or 23%, from the prior year's first quarter.

Return on average assets and return on average equity were 1.42% and 14.03%, respectively, for the three-month period of 2026, compared to 1.22% and 12.58%, respectively for the same quarter in 2025.

Average Balance Sheets and Net Interest Margin Analysis

(Dollars in thousands)

1 Average balances have been computed on an average daily basis.

2 Average rates have been computed based on the amortized cost of the corresponding asset or liability.

3 Average loan balances include nonaccrual loans.

4 Taxable equivalent adjustments have been computed assuming a 21% tax rate in 2026 and 2025 (non-GAAP).

Interest income for the quarter ended March 31, 2026, was $15 million representing a $1.7 million, or 13% increase, compared to the same period in 2025. This increase was primarily due to the higher average balances of loans of $89 million. These increases were partially offset by volume decreases in securities and interest-earning deposits in other banks of $13 million over the comparable period. Rates on average interest-earning deposits in other banks decreased 76 basis points, while loan rates increased 17 basis points, and securities' interest rates increased 30 basis points for the quarter ended March 31, 2026 as compared to the same period in 2025. Interest expense for the quarter ended March 31, 2026 was $3.5 million, a decrease of $95 thousand, or 3%, from the same quarter in 2025. The decrease in interest expense occurred primarily due to rate decreases in time deposit accounts during the quarter ended March 31, 2026.

For the quarter ended March 31, 2026, the bank recognized net charge-offs of $7 thousand, compared to $29 thousand net charge-offs for the same quarter in 2025. The provision for credit losses on loans in the current quarter of $484 thousand, compared to a provision of $408 thousand in the same quarter ended 2025. The Company recorded a $11 thousand provision for credit loss expense on off-balance commitments in the first quarter 2026 compared to a $6 thousand recovery in the same quarter of 2025.

Economic indicators reflect somewhat flat business activity with uncertainty related to trade policies and rising energy prices. The provision for credit losses is determined based on management’s calculation of the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses, which includes provisions for classified loans as well as for the remainder of the portfolio based on historical data, including past charge-offs and current economic trends.

Noninterest income increased $176 thousand, or 10%, compared to the first quarter of 2025. The increase was primarily the result of a $41 thousand increase in credit card interchange fees, a $40 thousand increase in trust fees, $39 thousand increase in earnings on bank owned life insurance, $28 thousand increase in debit card interchange fees and a $24 thousand increase in unrealized gains on equity securities.

Noninterest expense increased $824 thousand, or 13%, from the first quarter 2025. Salary and employee benefit costs increased $536 thousand, or 15%, compared to the prior year quarter with an increase in the number of full time equivalent employees from 173 in 2025 to 182 in 2026 as vacant positions were filled. Software expense increased $118 thousand, or 29%, professional and director fees increased $45 thousand, or 11%, marketing and public relations expense increased $26 thousand, or 25%, state financial institutions tax increased $23 thousand, or 10%, due to the increase in capital. Occupancy expense decreased $8 thousand, or 2%. The Company’s first quarter efficiency ratio decreased to 54.8% compared to 56.8% in the prior year.

Federal income tax expense increased $215 thousand, or 24%, for the quarter ended March 31, 2026 as compared to the first quarter 2025. The provision for income taxes was $1.1 million (effective rate of 19.7%) for the quarter ended March 31, 2026, compared to $878 thousand (effective rate of 19.5%) for the same quarter ended 2025.

CAPITAL RESOURCES

The Company maintained a strong capital position with tangible common equity to tangible assets of 9.9% at March 31, 2026 compared with 9.4% at December 31, 2025.

Consistent with the Board of Director’s commitment to public confidence and safe and sound banking operations, capital targets and minimum risk-based capital ratios for CSB were established to maintain excess capital to well-capitalized standards. To be considered well-capitalized, an institution must have a total risk-based capital ratio of at least 10%, a tier 1 capital ratio of at least 8%, a leverage capital ratio of at least 5%, a common equity tier 1 (“CET1”) ratio of at least 6.5% and must not be subject to any order or directive requiring the institution to improve its capital level. An adequately capitalized institution has a total risk-based capital ratio of at least 8%, a tier 1 capital ratio of at least 6%, a CET1 ratio of at least 4.5%, and a leverage ratio of at least 4%.

Failure to meet specified minimum capital requirements could result in regulatory actions by the Federal Reserve or Ohio Division of Financial Institutions that could have a material effect on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations. Management believes there were no material changes to capital resources as presented in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025. As of March 31, 2026, the Company and the Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to which they were subject.

LIQUIDITY

(Dollars in thousands)

Liquidity refers to the Company’s ability to generate sufficient cash to fund current loan demand, meet deposit withdrawals, pay operating expenses, and meet other obligations. Liquidity is monitored by the Company’s Asset Liability Committee. Other sources of liquidity include, but are not limited to, purchases of federal funds, advances from the FHLB, adjustments of interest rates to attract deposits, brokered deposits, and borrowing at the Federal Reserve discount window. Additionally, the Company could sell all of its AFS securities and the loss would not cause a change in the capital adequacy classification. Management believes its sources of liquidity are adequate to meet cash flow obligations for the foreseeable future.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Company does not have any off-balance sheet arrangements (as such term is defined in applicable Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) rules) that are reasonably likely to have a current or future material effect on our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures, or capital resources.

PER SHARE DATA

Earnings per share is computed based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during each year. The company currently maintains a simple capital structure, thus, there are no dilutive effects on earnings per share.

The weighted average number of common shares outstanding for earnings per share computations was as follows:

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

33

QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

The most significant market risk the Company is exposed to is interest rate risk. The business of the Company and the composition of its balance sheet consist of investments in interest-earning assets (primarily loans and securities), which are funded by interest-bearing liabilities (deposits and borrowings). These financial instruments have varying levels of sensitivity to changes in the market rates of interest, resulting in market risk. None of the Company’s financial instruments are held for trading purposes.

The Board of Directors establishes policies and operating limits with respect to interest rate risk. The Company manages interest rate risk regularly through its Asset Liability Committee. The Committee meets periodically to review various asset and liability management information including, but not limited to, the Company’s liquidity position, projected sources and uses of funds, interest rate risk position, and economic conditions.

Interest rate risk is monitored primarily through the use of an earnings simulation model. The model is highly dependent on various assumptions, which change regularly as the balance sheet and market interest rates change. The earnings simulation model projects change in net interest income resulting from the effect of changes in interest rates. The analysis is performed quarterly over a twenty-four-month horizon. The analysis includes two (2) balance sheet models, one based on a static balance sheet and one on a dynamic balance sheet with projected growth in assets and liabilities. This analysis is performed by estimating the expected cash flows of the Company’s financial instruments using interest rates in effect at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. Interest rate risk policy limits are tested by measuring the anticipated change in net interest income over a two-year period. The tests assume quarterly ramped increases and decreases in market interest rates over twenty-four month horizons, as compared to a stable rate environment or base model. The following table reflects the change to net interest income using a dynamic balance sheet for the first twelve-month periods of the twenty-four month horizon.

March 31, 2026

(Dollars in thousands)

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CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

With the participation of the Company’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the Company has evaluated the effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based upon that evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that:

(a) information required to be disclosed by the Company in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q would be accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure;

(b) information required to be disclosed by the Company in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q would be recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms; and

(c) the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to ensure that material information relating to the Company and its consolidated subsidiary is made known to them, particularly during the period for which the Company’s periodic reports, including this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, are being prepared.

CHANGES IN INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

There were no changes during the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

FORM 10-Q

QUARTER ENDED March 31, 2026