Innovex International, Inc.: Form 10-K for the period ended Dec 31, 2024

General

Innovex designs, manufactures, sells and rents mission critical engineered products to the global oil and natural gas industry. Our vision has been to create a global leader in well-centric products and technologies through organic, customer-linked innovations and disciplined acquisitions to drive leading returns for our investors.

On September 6, 2024, the transactions contemplated in the Merger Agreement (as defined in “Recent Developments” within “Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”) between Innovex Downhole Solutions, Inc. (“Legacy Innovex”) and Dril-Quip, Inc. (“Dril-Quip”) (the “Merger”) were consummated. Following the Merger, Legacy Innovex became a wholly owned subsidiary of Dril-Quip, and the name “Dril-Quip, Inc.” was changed to “Innovex International, Inc.”. In connection with the consummation of the Merger, the outstanding shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of Legacy Innovex (the “Legacy Innovex Common Stock”) were converted into the right to receive 32,183,966 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the Company (the “Company Common Stock”). The number of shares of Company Common Stock received for each share of Legacy Innovex Common Stock by the Legacy Innovex shareholders was equal to 2.0125.

On November 29, 2024, Innovex acquired 80% of the issued and outstanding equity securities of Downhole Well Solutions, LLC (“DWS”). The acquisition was completed simultaneously with the signing of the Equity Purchase Agreement on November 29, 2024. The aggregate purchase price for the acquisition consisted of $75.1 million in cash, subject to post-closing adjustments, and 1,918,558 shares of Company Common Stock. The remaining 20% of the issued and outstanding equity securities of DWS were previously owned by Legacy Innovex, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company.

For information with respect to the Merger and DWS acquisition, see Note 3. Mergers and Acquisitions to our Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.

Our products are used across the lifecycle of the well (during the construction, completion, production and intervention phases) and are typically utilized downhole and consumable in nature. Our products perform a critical well function, and we believe they are chosen due to their reliability and capacity to save our customers time and lower costs during the well lifecycle. We believe that our products have a significant impact on a well’s performance and economic profile relative to the price we charge, creating a “Big Impact, Small Ticket” value proposition. Prior to the Merger, we believe our total addressable market (or “TAM”) in 2023 was $4.5 billion, consisting of a $2.1 billion addressable market in NAM (as defined herein) and a $2.4 billion market in our International & Offshore regions. Following the Merger, we were able to grow our addressable market both in our NAM and International and Offshore markets by expanding our product portfolio and gaining access to additional international markets. Pro forma for the Merger, we estimate that our TAM for our applicable products in 2024 was $8.3 billion, consisting of a $3.6 billion TAM for NAM and a $4.7 billion TAM for our applicable products across International & Offshore regions. Please see “Business—Market Share Capture” for an explanation of how we calculate our TAM. Many of our products can be used in a significant portion of our customers’ wells globally, with our most advanced products providing mission critical solutions for some of the most challenging and complex wells in the world. We have a track record of developing proprietary products to address our customers’ evolving needs, and we maintain an active pipeline of potential new products across various stages of development. Our business is high margin and capital-light, enabling us to generate strong returns on invested capital. We have a disciplined history of successfully sourcing and integrating strategic acquisitions.

The U.S. and Canadian onshore (“NAM”) market made up approximately 55% of our 2024 revenue, while the international and offshore (“International and Offshore”) markets constituted 45%. Within the NAM market, we have a strong presence in the United States and a growing presence in Canada. Revenue is based on the location where services are provided and products are sold.

The Company makes available, free of charge on its website, its Annual Report on Form 10-K and quarterly reports on Form 10-Q (in both HTML and iXBRL formats), current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act as soon as reasonably practical after it electronically files such reports with, or furnishes them to, the SEC. The Company’s website address is www.innovex-inc.com (http://www.innovex-inc.com). Documents and information on the Company’s website, or on any other website, are not incorporated by reference into this Annual Report. The SEC maintains a website (www.sec.gov (http://www.sec.gov)) that contains reports the Company has filed with the SEC.

The Company also makes available free of charge on its website (https://investors.innovex-inc.com/governance/governance-documents/default.aspx) its Code of Business Conduct and Ethical Practices, Corporate Governance Guidelines, Audit Committee Charter, Nominating and Governance Committee Charter, and Compensation Committee Charter. Changes in or waivers to the Company’s Code of Business Conduct and Ethical Practices involving directors and executive officers of the Company will be posted on its website.

Overview and Industry Outlook

The NAM market is core to us, and we maintain a robust sales and distribution infrastructure across the region. Our products have broad applicability in this market, particularly for horizontal or unconventional wells that have become prevalent methods of oil and natural gas development across the region. We are focused on significantly increasing our revenue in the International and Offshore markets as these regions are typically subject to long-cycle investment horizons and exhibit relatively less cyclicality than the NAM market. The Middle East, and in particular Saudi Arabia, has been a key source of growth for the Company. We also operate across Asia, Latin America, Europe and the Gulf of Mexico, among other regions. To enhance our global reach, we have complemented our locations across these markets with a network of strategic distribution, sales and manufacturing partners.

We are an innovator and have a development process and culture focused on creating proprietary products for our customers. We seek to work with our customers to solve their operational challenges. We believe that these collaborations have been a source of growth as they have allowed us to develop new products with anchor customers that have served as an initial revenue base from which to scale. We have a unique culture that we view as having been critical to our success in the commercialization of new products. We define our culture as “No Barriers.” Our goal is to remove internal barriers that slow the pace of innovation and empower our employees to be responsive to our customers’ needs, while maintaining a focus on returns for the Company. As a result of our culture and our commitment to customer responsiveness, we believe that we are more agile and able to innovate faster than our larger competitors.

Based on our TAM estimates, we believe that we are uniquely positioned to grow market share within larger addressable markets after the Merger with Dril-Quip. On a pro forma basis, including both the revenue and additional market share relating to the Merger and the DWS acquisition, we estimate that our NAM market share in 2024 was 13% and that our International and Offshore market share was 12%. We estimate that Innovex has grown market share since inception and believe we are well positioned to continue to capture market share across our geographic markets. In particular, we view the International and Offshore markets as a significant growth opportunity.

Our organic growth has been complemented by a disciplined acquisition strategy. We view acquisitions as a core competency and have identified a rich opportunity set of acquisition targets that we believe are seeking to transact. We aim to execute a disciplined acquisition strategy for high-quality opportunities that meet our stringent investment criteria, as evidenced by the Merger with Dril-Quip and our acquisition of DWS.

We have a broad customer base, ranging from the largest international oil companies (“IOCs”), national oil companies (“NOCs”) and exploration and production (“E&P”) companies to multinational and regional oilfield service companies. Once a new product has been commercialized or acquired, our global sales and distribution infrastructure enables us to scale and drive customer adoption quickly.

We believe that we can create value for our stockholders across the industry cycle and view our through-cycle playbook as having helped us outperform in all market environments. We prioritize protecting the long-term health of the Company through investments in research and development (“R&D”) and sustaining engineering in our existing portfolio in all market environments. We seek to maintain a conservative balance sheet to preserve operational and financial flexibility through the industry cycle.

We generate our revenue from three primary sources: sales of products and other associated revenues with product sales, such as freight; rentals of tools that are used to deploy our consumable products or to provide a critical well function; and services that are typically connected to the well-site deployment of our engineered products.

Of our 2024 revenue, approximately 80% was generated from product sales, approximately 8% was generated from rental tools and approximately 12% was generated from services.

We believe that demand for our products is primarily activity-driven (i.e., correlated with global spending on exploration and production of oil and natural gas and with general industry activity), and we are not exposed to the highly cyclical capital equipment build cycle for the oil and natural gas industry. Global spending on oil and natural gas can be measured by the number of wells drilled and oil and natural gas production volumes. According to the global energy consulting firm Rystad Energy, global E&P capital spending (excluding Iran, Venezuela, Cuba, Russia and China) is expected to remain consistent in 2025 relative to 2024. We believe that our diverse product portfolio, operating track record and global footprint position us well to continue gaining market share.

In the NAM market, Rystad Energy is forecasting a slight decline in E&P capital spending of 2% from 2024 through 2025. NAM unconventional resources have emerged as a flexible, short-cycle source of oil and natural gas production for E&P operators and a critical component of the global hydrocarbon supply mix. This is a core market for us as our products have broad applicability and we maintain a robust sales presence as well as service and distribution infrastructure across the region. We view the NAM market as relatively service intensive and believe E&P operators are prone to adopt the latest technologies.

In the International and Offshore markets, Rystad Energy is forecasting E&P capital spending to slightly grow by 2% from 2024 through 2025, excluding Iran, Venezuela, Cuba, Russia and China. We are focused on continually increasing our market presence in these regions as they are typically subject to long-cycle investment horizons and exhibit relatively less cyclicality than the NAM market. In addition, we believe that we can benefit from higher barriers to entry that exist for product and service companies that support the primary end users in our International and Offshore markets, IOCs and NOCs, relative to the NAM market.

We continue to monitor the current global economic environment, specifically including inflationary pressures, the ability and/or desire of OPEC+ and other producing nations to set and maintain production levels and prices, and the macroeconomic impact of the conflicts in Ukraine and the Gaza Strip, and any resulting impacts on our financial position and results of operations. Refer to “Item 1A. Risk Factors” for additional information.

Market Share Capture

We believe that we are well positioned to capture market share across our applicable markets.

We calculate TAM by multiplying the number of applicable wells (as provided by Rystad Energy) for each market where we expect it would be reasonable for Innovex to seek to sell products by an illustrative price per applicable product by geography. In markets where well data is unavailable, we provide an estimated market size for each such geography.

We estimate that our TAM for our applicable products across the NAM market in 2024, including the impact of the Merger and the DWS acquisition, was approximately $3.6 billion and on a pro forma basis we generated approximately $491 million in revenue during 2024, implying a market share of 13%. Our addressable market grew substantially year over year, but market share declined largely due to the addition of the US Land Wellhead market in which we have a de minimis market share to but are focused on expanding. Over time our dedicated sales force, innovative engineering organization and responsive service culture have enabled us to capture more of our customers’ spend on their oil and natural gas well development, defined as “wallet share,” as well as gain new customers.

We believe we are well positioned to continue to capture more of our growing TAM and increase our implied market share. Across both the United States and Canada, we believe that there are many opportunities to cross sell our products throughout our diverse customer base and enhance our presence in select oil and natural gas basins.

Within the International and Offshore markets, we have well established sales and distribution channels across our geographic markets, such as the Middle East, Asia, Latin America, Europe, Africa, the Gulf of Mexico and throughout other global regions. We estimate that the TAM on a pro forma basis for our applicable products across these regions in 2024, including the impact of the Merger and the DWS acquisition, was approximately $4.7 billion and on a pro forma basis we generated approximately $548 million in revenue, implying a market share of approximately 12%. In addition to benefiting from the Merger, we believe that we were able to grow our market share by utilizing our sales and distribution channels to capture wallet share and push further into geographies where we were underrepresented.

Our Technology Development Process and Product Portfolio

We view our new technology development and ongoing product advancement initiatives as key to our strategy and believe that we have a repeatable process to drive organic product innovation to meet our customers’ well design needs. We maintain an engineering team that is focused on R&D as well as ongoing product enhancements. The engineering team is based in Houston, Texas and has representatives that sit across our global offices. Having a presence near our customers enables us to better understand their challenges, which helps identify and prioritize our market opportunities and maximizes the value of our engineering resources. Our products are used across the lifecycle of our customers’ wells. We believe that we are not dependent on any single technology. We are a single point of contact for many of our customers’ needs. Our product offerings position us to support our customers in solving a range of well-site challenges and diversify our revenue base.

New product development is a key part of our organic growth strategy. We seek to expand our addressable market by introducing new products to our portfolio. Once a new product has been commercialized, we believe that our global sales and distribution infrastructure enable us to scale and drive customer adoption quickly. We have an active pipeline of new initiatives across various stages of development.

Across the NAM market, we are pursuing various initiatives related to new product development, including specialty, high-margin products that complement our existing product families, among others. These products have applicability across various International and Offshore markets, and we will seek to leverage our global infrastructure and customer relationships to drive sales outside of the NAM market once full commercialization has been achieved.

Within the International and Offshore markets, we are in active conversations with IOCs and NOCs regarding several newly developed products for the global deepwater and offshore markets. Historically, our customer collaborations have been a source of growth as they have allowed us to develop new products to meet customer needs and have provided us with an initial revenue base from which to scale market adoption.

We believe that we have curated a portfolio of product families and brands that in aggregate has created brand equity in Innovex.

Intellectual Property and Trade Secrets

Our success depends in part upon our ability to maintain and protect our proprietary technology and conduct our business without infringing the proprietary rights of others. We rely on a combination of patents, licensing agreements, trade secrets protections, trademarks, copyrights and contractual restrictions on disclosure to protect our intellectual property rights. We undertake a strategic intellectual property effort focused on building a leading and defensible portfolio.

We have created a large portfolio of patent properties. As of December 31, 2024, we had approximately 829 U.S. and international patents. Our patent properties cover our inventions related to our products and other technologies.

We complement our intellectual property portfolio with trade secrets. We are focused on solving our customers’ challenges through direct interface and customized solutions. This process is enhanced by our team’s deep experience in the markets in which they operate as well as their extensive knowledge base of product designs, run history and configurations.

We do not know whether our current patent portfolio, or any future patent applications that we may file, will result in a patent being issued with the scope of the claims we seek, or at all, or whether any patents we may receive will be challenged or invalidated. Even if additional patents are issued, our patents might not provide sufficiently broad coverage to protect our proprietary rights or to avoid a third-party claim against one or more of our products or technologies. Refer to “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Technology Advancement” for additional information regarding these and other risks related to our intellectual property portfolio and their potential effect on us.

The term of individual patents depends on the legal term for patents in the countries in which they are granted. In most countries, including the United States, the patent term is generally 20 years from the earliest claimed filing date of a nonprovisional patent application in the applicable country. Once a patent expires, the protection ends, and the claimed invention enters the public domain; that is, anyone can commercially exploit the invention without infringing the patent.

We also rely upon trademarks to build and maintain the integrity of our brand. We have trademarks registered in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions.

We protect our proprietary rights through a variety of methods, including confidentiality and assignment agreements with suppliers, employees, consultants and others who may have access to our proprietary information. We routinely require our employees, customers, suppliers, consultants, advisors and potential business partners to enter into confidentiality and non-disclosure agreements before we disclose to them any sensitive or proprietary information regarding our products, technology or business plans.

We require employees, while employed with us, to assign to us all inventions, original works of authorship, mask works, developments, discoveries, concepts, improvements, designs, discoveries, ideas, trademarks, trade secrets and other intellectual property they conceive, discover, create, develop or reduce to practice.

Marketing and Sales

We principally sell or market directly to the ultimate end user of our products, the E&P operator. As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had 1,376 and 1,485, respectively, unique customers that have made at least one purchase in the preceding 12-month period, or active customers. In 2024, our top ten accounts constituted 35% of revenue. Our top ten customer list includes: NOCs such as Saudi Aramco (our largest end-user in 2024); IOCs such as Exxon, Chevron, BP and ConocoPhillips; leading independent E&P operators such as Occidental Petroleum, Hess Corporation and EOG Resources; and multinational oilfield service companies such as Schlumberger and Baker Hughes. When we sell to service companies, it is typically to fill a gap in their product portfolio or because they have been directed by the E&P operator to utilize our products. Our goal is to develop products that exhibit clear value creation upside for our customers, including the ultimate end user of our products, typically by saving time and costs during the well lifecycle, while also reducing operational risks. We operate an integrated business model, whereby we design, engineer, manufacture, sell, rent and supervise the onsite deployment of our products.

Suppliers and Raw Materials

We acquire component parts, services and raw materials from various suppliers, including machining service providers. The prices we pay for our raw materials may be affected by, among other things, energy, steel and other commodity prices, tariffs and duties on imported materials and foreign currency exchange rates. Most of the raw materials we use in our manufacturing operations, such as steel in various forms, magnesium and composite materials/elastomers, are available from many sources. Although our relationships with our existing vendors are important to us, we do not believe that we are substantially dependent on any individual vendor to supply our required materials or services. The materials and services essential to our business are normally readily available and, where we use one or a few vendors as a source of any particular materials or services, we believe that we can within a reasonable period of time make satisfactory alternative arrangements in the event of an interruption of supply from any vendor. We believe that our materials and services vendors have the capacity to meet additional demand, should we require it.

Manufacturing

To support our global operations, we operate a flexible manufacturing and supply chain model that balances responsiveness with cost and efficiency. We maintain internal manufacturing and production facilities in Humble, Texas; Houston, Texas; Mineral Wells, Texas; Amelia, Louisiana; Aberdeen, Scotland; Singapore; Macae, Brazil; Edmonton, Canada, Bac Ninh, Vietnam (acquired in February of 2025) and Dammam, Saudi Arabia. These facilities are co-located with our engineering teams, where deemed appropriate, to enable rapid prototyping, testing and designing iterations of new products and enhancing our existing products. We supplement our internal manufacturing with a responsive network of third-party machining resources in the United States to enhance our capital efficiency. We also maintain strategic relationships with multiple, low-cost manufacturing partners in Asia, and in particular Vietnam, to support our highest volume products.

These relationships allow us to achieve a competitive cost structure, while preserving high levels of product quality and customer responsiveness. Going forward, we envision increasing our spend with our low-cost international vendors with an aim of improving our margins and enhancing our competitiveness.

Competition

The markets in which we operate are highly competitive. To be successful, we must provide services and products that meet the specific needs of our customers at competitive prices. We compete in all areas of our operations with a number of companies, some of which have financial and other resources greater than or comparable to ours. Our major competitors across our product lines include Baker Hughes, Halliburton, Schlumberger, TechnipFMC, Weatherford International, Aker Solutions, and NOV.

We believe that the most significant factors influencing our customers’ decision to utilize our products and services are our technology, service quality, safety track record and price. While we must be competitive in our pricing, we believe our customers select our products and services based on the technical attributes of our products and equipment, the level of technical and operational service we provide before, during and after the job and the know-how derived from our extensive operational track record.

Cyclicality

We are substantially dependent on conditions in the oil and natural gas industry, including the level of exploration, development and production activity of, and the corresponding capital spending by, E&P operators. The level of exploration, development and production activity is directly affected by trends in oil and natural gas prices, which historically have been volatile.

Declines, as well as anticipated declines, in oil and natural gas prices could negatively affect the level of these activities and capital spending, which could adversely affect demand for our products and services and, in certain instances, result in the cancellation, modification or rescheduling of existing and expected orders and the ability of our customers to pay us for our products and services. These factors could have an adverse effect on our revenue and profitability.

Human Capital Management

Our employees are a critical asset which are key to our innovative culture and overall success. We are focused on our high-performance culture through attracting, engaging, developing, retaining and rewarding top talent. We strive to enhance the economic and social well-being of our employees and the communities in which we operate. We are committed to providing a welcoming, inclusive environment for our workforce. As a global company, we seek to hire locally and employ a workforce that is representative of the end markets in which we operate. We believe that we have been successful in part due to our No Barriers culture as we believe our culture attracts and retains top industry talent and has been a key ingredient in the success we have achieved. We promote a culture of innovation and seek to incentivize our employees to create value for our organization. We believe that our culture is unique for the oil and natural gas industry, and we will seek to remain an employer of choice for top talent.

As of December 31, 2024, we had a total of 2,683 employees. Substantially all of the Company’s employees are not covered by collective bargaining agreements, and the Company considers its employee relations to be good.

The health, safety, and well-being of our employees is of the utmost importance. We are one of the leaders in our industry with a strong track record in safety.

We provide employees the option to participate in health and welfare plans, including medical, dental, life, accidental death and dismemberment and short-term and long-term disability insurance plans.

Environmental, Health and Safety Regulation

Our operations and those of our customers are subject to domestic (including U.S. federal, state and local) and international laws and regulations with regard to air, land and water quality and other environmental matters. Numerous federal, state and local governmental agencies, such as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”), issue laws and regulations that often require difficult and costly compliance measures that carry substantial administrative, civil and criminal penalties and may result in injunctive obligations for non-compliance. These laws and regulations may require the acquisition of a permit before commencing operations, restrict the types, quantities and concentrations of various substances that can be released into the environment in connection with our operations, limit or prohibit construction or drilling activities on certain lands lying within wilderness, wetlands, ecologically or seismically sensitive areas and other protected areas, require action to prevent or remediate pollution from current or former operations, result in the suspension or revocation of necessary permits, licenses and authorizations, require that additional pollution controls be installed and impose substantial liabilities for pollution resulting from our operations or related to our owned or operated facilities. Liability under such laws and regulations is often strict (i.e., no showing of “fault” is required) and can be joint and several. Moreover, it is not uncommon for neighboring landowners and other third parties to file claims for personal injury and property damage allegedly caused by the release of hazardous substances, hydrocarbons or other waste products into the environment. Changes in environmental laws and regulations occur frequently, and any changes that result in more stringent and costly pollution control or waste handling, storage, transport, disposal or cleanup requirements could materially adversely affect our operations and financial position, as well as those of our customers and the oil and natural gas industry in general. We have not experienced any material adverse effect from compliance with these requirements. This trend, however, may not continue in the future. Changes in standards of enforcement of existing laws and regulations, as well as the enactment and enforcement of new legislation, may require us and our customers to modify, supplement or replace equipment or facilities or to change or discontinue present methods of operation. Our environmental compliance expenditures, our capital costs for environmental control equipment and the market for our products may change accordingly.

Hazardous Substances and Waste Handling. The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (“RCRA”) and comparable state statutes, regulate the generation, transportation, treatment, storage, disposal and cleanup of hazardous and non-hazardous wastes. Under the auspices of the EPA, the individual states administer some or all of the provisions of RCRA, sometimes in conjunction with their own, more stringent requirements. We are required to manage the transportation, storage and disposal of hazardous and non-hazardous wastes generated by our operations in compliance with applicable laws, including RCRA.

The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (“CERCLA”), also known as the Superfund law, imposes joint and several liability, without regard to fault or legality of conduct, on classes of persons who are considered to be responsible for the release of a hazardous substance into the environment. These persons include the current and former owner or operator of the site where the release occurred, and anyone who disposed of or arranged for the disposal of a hazardous substance released at the site. We currently own, lease, or operate numerous properties used for manufacturing and other operations. In the event of a release from these properties, under CERCLA, RCRA and analogous state laws, we could be required to remove substances and wastes, remediate contaminated property, or perform remedial operations to prevent future contamination, even if the releases are not from our operations. In addition, neighboring landowners and other third parties may also file claims for personal injury and property damage allegedly caused by releases into the environment. Any obligations to undertake remedial operations in the future may increase our cost of doing business and may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Water Discharges. The Federal Water Pollution Control Act (the “Clean Water Act”) and analogous state laws restrict and control the discharge of pollutants into “Waters of the United States.” Discharges to water associated with our operations require appropriate permits from state agencies and may add material costs to our operations. The adoption of more stringent criteria in the future may also increase our costs of operation. The Clean Water Act and analogous state laws provide administrative, civil and criminal penalties for unauthorized discharges and, together with the Oil Pollution Act of 1990, impose rigorous requirements for spill prevention and response planning, as well as substantial potential liability for the costs of removal, remediation, and damages in connection with any unauthorized discharges. The scope of waters regulated under the Clean Water Act has fluctuated in recent years. In January 2023, the EPA and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers finalized a rule that expanded the scope of waters subject to Clean Water Act jurisdiction. In May 2023, the U.S. Supreme Court narrowed the EPA’s regulation of wetlands under the Clean Water Act and, in September 2023, the EPA and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers published a final rule conforming their regulations to the decision. However, to the extent the EPA or the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers broadly interpret their jurisdiction, a more expansive approach to the range of properties subject to the Clean Water Act’s jurisdiction may cause a material adverse effect on the operation costs of customers, thereby potentially reducing demand for our products.

Air Emissions. The federal Clean Air Act (“CAA”), as amended, and comparable state laws and regulations, regulate emissions of various air pollutants through the issuance of permits and the imposition of other requirements. The EPA has developed, and continues to develop, stringent regulations governing emissions of air pollutants at specified sources. New facilities may be required to obtain permits before work can begin, and existing facilities may be required to obtain additional permits and incur capital costs in order to remain in compliance. These laws and regulations may increase the costs of compliance for some facilities we own or operate, and federal and state regulatory agencies can impose administrative, civil and criminal penalties for non-compliance with air permits or other requirements of the federal CAA and associated state laws and regulations. We believe that we are in substantial compliance with all applicable air emissions regulations and that we hold all necessary and valid construction and operating permits for our operations.

Employee Health and Safety. We are subject to a number of federal and state laws and regulations, including OSHA and comparable state statutes, establishing requirements to protect the health and safety of workers. In addition, the OSHA hazard communication standard, the EPA community right-to-know regulations under Title III of the federal Superfund Amendment and Reauthorization Act and comparable state statutes require that information be maintained concerning hazardous materials used or produced in our operations and that this information be provided to employees, state and local government authorities and the public. Substantial fines and penalties can be imposed and orders or injunctions limiting or prohibiting certain operations may be issued in connection with any failure to comply with laws and regulations relating to worker health and safety. As of December 31, 2024, we were in compliance with laws and regulations relating to worker health and safety.

Climate Change. International, national and state governments and agencies are currently evaluating and/or promulgating legislation and regulations that are focused on restricting GHG emissions. These regulatory measures include, among others, adoption of cap and trade regimes, carbon taxes, increased efficiency standards and incentives or mandates for renewable energy. Consideration of further legislation or regulation may be impacted by the Paris Agreement, which was announced by the parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in December 2015 and which calls on signatories to set progressive GHG emission reduction goals. Although the United States withdrew from the Paris Agreement effective November 4, 2020, President Biden issued an Executive Order on January 20, 2021 to rejoin the Paris Agreement, which went into effect on February 19, 2021. On April 21, 2021, the United States announced that it was setting an economy-wide target of reducing its GHG emissions by 50-52% below 2005 levels in 2030. In November 2021, in connection with the 26th Conference of the Parties in

Glasgow, Scotland, the United States and other world leaders made further commitments to reduce GHG emissions, including reducing global methane emissions by at least 30% by 2030 from 2020 levels. More than 150 countries have now signed on to this pledge. Recently, at the 28th Conference of the Parties in the United Arab Emirates, world leaders agreed to transition away from fossil fuels in a just, orderly and equitable manner and to triple renewables and double energy efficiency globally by 2030. Additionally, the Biden Administration announced a new climate target for the United States on December 19, 2024, which includes a 61-66% reduction in economy-wide net GHG emissions by 2035, as compared to 2005 levels. Furthermore, many state and local leaders have stated their intent to intensify efforts to support the international climate commitments. Though President Trump issued an executive order on January 20, 2025, directing the United States Ambassador to the United Nations to immediately withdraw from the Paris Agreement, these commitments could further reduce demand and prices for fossil fuels.

In 2021 and 2022, President Biden signed the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and the Inflation Reduction Act (the “IRA”), which contain billions of dollars in incentives for the development of renewable energy, clean hydrogen, clean fuels, electric vehicles, investments in advanced biofuels and supporting infrastructure and carbon capture and sequestration, among other provisions. Also, in March 2024, the EPA finalized ambitious rules to reduce harmful air pollutant emissions, including greenhouse gases, from light-, medium-, and heavy-duty vehicles beginning in model year 2027. These incentives and regulations could accelerate the transition of the economy away from the use of fossil fuels towards lower- or zero-carbon emissions alternatives, which could decrease demand for, and, in turn, the prices of, the oil and natural gas, which could have a material and adverse impact on demand for our products. In addition, the IRA imposes the first ever federal fee on the emission of GHGs through a methane emissions charge. The IRA amends the Clean Air Act to impose a fee on the emission of methane that exceeds an applicable waste emissions threshold from sources required to report their greenhouse gas emissions to the EPA, including those sources in the offshore and onshore petroleum and natural gas production and gathering and boosting source categories. On November 18, 2024, the EPA published final regulations to facilitate compliance with the methane emissions charge. The methane emissions charge must be paid no later than August 31 of the year following the reporting period and starts at $900 per ton of methane in 2024, increases to $1,200 in 2025, and will be set at $1,500 for 2026 and each year after. Calculation of the fee is based on certain thresholds established in the IRA. The methane emissions charge could increase our customers’ operating costs, which could adversely impact our business. However, on January 20, 2025, President Trump signed multiple executive orders seeking to reverse many of these climate rules and incentives, including pausing the disbursement of funds under the IRA and eliminating the “electric vehicle mandate.” Despite this shift, numerous proposals have been made and are likely to continue to be made at the international, regional and state levels of government that are intended to limit GHG emissions by enforceable requirements and voluntary measures.

The EPA has also finalized a series of GHG monitoring, reporting, and emissions control rules for the oil and natural gas industry, and almost one-half of U.S. states have taken measures to reduce emissions of GHGs, primarily through the development of GHG emission inventories and/or regional GHG cap-and-trade programs. In addition, states have imposed increasingly stringent requirements related to the venting or flaring of gas during oil and natural gas operations.

In general, these regulatory changes do not appear to affect us in any material respect that is different, or to any materially greater or lesser extent, than other companies that are our competitors. However, to the extent our customers are subject to these or other similar proposed or newly enacted laws and regulations, the additional costs incurred by our customers to comply with such laws and regulations could impact their ability or desire to continue to operate at current or anticipated levels, which would negatively impact their demand for our products and services. In addition, any new laws or regulations establishing cap-and-trade or that favor the increased use of non-fossil fuels—such as the IRA—may dampen demand for oil and natural gas production and lead to lower spending by our customers for our products and services. Similarly, to the extent we are or become subject to any of these or other similar proposed or newly enacted laws and regulations, we expect that our efforts to monitor, report and comply with such laws and regulations, and any related taxes imposed on companies by such programs, will increase our cost of doing business and may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Moreover, any such regulations could ultimately restrict the exploration and production of fossil fuels, which could adversely affect demand for our products.

In addition, there have also been efforts in recent years to influence the investment community, including investment advisors and certain sovereign wealth, pension and endowment funds promoting divestment of fossil fuel equities and pressuring lenders to limit funding to companies engaged in the extraction of fossil fuel reserves. Such environmental activism and initiatives aimed at limiting climate change and reducing air pollution could interfere with our business activities, operations and ability to access capital. Furthermore, claims have been made against certain energy companies alleging that GHG emissions from oil and natural gas operations constitute a public nuisance under federal and/or state common law. As a result, private individuals or public entities may seek to enforce environmental laws and regulations against certain energy companies and could allege personal injury, property damages or other liabilities. While our business is not a party to any such litigation, we could be named in actions making similar allegations. An unfavorable ruling in any such case could significantly impact our operations and could have an adverse impact on our financial condition.

Hydraulic Fracturing. Many of our customers utilize hydraulic fracturing in their operations. Environmental concerns have been raised regarding the potential impact of hydraulic fracturing on underground water supplies. These concerns have led to several regulatory and governmental initiatives in the United States to restrict the hydraulic fracturing process, which could have an adverse impact on our customers’ completion or production activities. For example, in December 2016, the EPA released its final report on the potential impacts of hydraulic fracturing on drinking water resources, concluding that “water cycle” activities associated with hydraulic fracturing may impact drinking water resources “under some circumstances,” including water withdrawals for fracturing in times or areas of low water availability; surface spills during the management of fracturing fluids, chemicals or produced water; injection of fracturing fluids into wells with inadequate mechanical integrity; injection of fracturing fluids directly into groundwater resources; discharge of inadequately treated fracturing wastewater to surface waters; and disposal or storage of fracturing wastewater in unlined pits. The EPA has also issued regulations under the U.S. Clean Air Act governing performance standards, including standards for the capture of air emissions released during hydraulic fracturing, and published on June 28, 2016 a final rule prohibiting the discharge of wastewater from hydraulic fracturing operations to publicly owned wastewater treatment plants. In some instances, states and local governments have enacted more stringent hydraulic fracturing restrictions or bans on hydraulic fracturing activities. These and other similar state and foreign regulatory initiatives, if adopted, would establish additional levels of regulation for our customers that could make it more difficult for our customers to complete natural gas and oil wells and could adversely affect the demand for our equipment and services, which, in turn, could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

State and federal regulatory agencies have also recently focused on a possible connection between the operation of injection wells used for oil and natural gas wastewater disposal and seismic activity. Similar concerns have been raised that hydraulic fracturing may also contribute to seismic activity. When caused by human activity, such events are called induced seismicity. Developing research suggests that the link between seismic activity and wastewater disposal may vary by region. In March 2016, the U.S. Geological Survey identified six states with the most significant hazards from induced seismicity, including Oklahoma, Kansas, Texas, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arkansas. In light of these concerns, some state regulatory agencies have modified their regulations or issued orders to address induced seismicity, and regulators in some states are seeking to impose additional requirements related to underground injection activities. For example, the Oklahoma Corporations Commission has implemented a variety of measures, including the adoption of the National Academy of Science’s “traffic light system,” pursuant to which the agency reviews new disposal well applications and may restrict operations at existing wells. The Texas Railroad Commission has also implemented measures to assess the potential for seismic activity in the vicinity of disposal wells, and it has restricted and indefinitely suspended disposal well activities in some cases.

Increased regulation and attention given to induced seismicity could lead to greater opposition to, and litigation concerning, oil and natural gas activities utilizing hydraulic fracturing or injection wells for waste disposal, which could indirectly impact our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, these concerns may give rise to private tort suits from individuals who claim they are adversely impacted by seismic activity they allege was induced. Such claims or actions could result in liability for property damage, exposure to waste and other hazardous materials, nuisance or personal injuries, and require our customers to expend additional resources or incur substantial costs or losses. This could, in turn, adversely affect the demand for our products.

Although we do not conduct hydraulic fracturing, increased regulation and attention given to the hydraulic fracturing process could lead to greater opposition to oil and natural gas production activities using hydraulic fracturing techniques. In addition, the adoption of new laws or regulations at the federal, state, local or foreign level imposing reporting obligations on, or otherwise limiting, delaying or banning, the hydraulic fracturing process or other processes on which hydraulic fracturing relies, such as water disposal,could make it more difficult to complete oil and natural gas wells, increase our customers’ costs of compliance and doing business, and otherwise adversely affect the hydraulic fracturing services they perform, which could negatively impact demand for our products.

Offshore Drilling. Various new regulations intended to improve offshore safety systems and environmental protection have been issued since 2010 that have increased the complexity of the drilling permit process and may limit the opportunity for some operators to continue deepwater drilling in the Gulf of Mexico, which could have an adverse impact on our customers’ activities. For example, on August 23, 2023, the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (“BSEE”) published a final blowout preventer system sand well control rule that strengthens testing and performance requirements for blowout preventers and other well control equipment. Additionally, on April 24, 2024, the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (“BOEM”) published a final rule to modify the financial assurance requirements for offshore leaseholders. BOEM estimates that a total of $6.9 billion in new supplemental financial assurance will be required from lessees and grant holders under this final rule to cover potential costs of decommissioning activities. As such, these new financial assurance requirements may increase our customers’ operating costs and impact our customers’ ability to obtain leases, thereby, reducing demand for our products. Additionally, on January 6, 2025, President Biden issued two Presidential Memoranda to ban new offshore oil and gas drilling in most U.S. coastal waters. Biden’s actions would have withdrawn more than 625 million acres of the U.S. ocean, including the entirety of U.S. East coast, the eastern Gulf of Mexico, the Pacific off the coasts of Washington, Oregon, and California, and additional portions of the Northern Bering Sea in Alaska, from future oil and gas leasing, though President Trump reversed the plan with his own executive order on January 20, 2025. Third-party challenges to industry operations in the Gulf of Mexico may also serve to further delay or restrict activities. For example, in August 2022, the District of Columbia Circuit Court of Appeals found two oil leases in the Gulf of Mexico were unlawful for failure to properly analyze risk under the National Environmental Policy Act. If the new regulations, policies, operating procedures and possibility of increased legal liability are viewed by our current or future customers as a significant impairment to expected profitability on projects or an unjustifiable increase in risk, they could discontinue or curtail their offshore operations, thereby adversely affecting the demand for our equipment and services, which, in turn, could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operation, or cash flows.

Insurance and Risk Management

We provide products and systems to customers involved in oil and natural gas exploration, development and production. We also provide parts, repair services and field services associated with installation at all of our facilities and service centers throughout North America, Latin America, Europe, the Middle East and Asia, as well as at customer sites. Our operations are subject to hazards inherent in the oil and natural gas industry, including accidents, blowouts, explosions, cratering, fires, oil spills and hazardous materials spills. These conditions can cause personal injury or loss of life, damage to or destruction of property, equipment, the environment and wildlife, and interruption or suspension of operations, among other adverse effects. In addition, claims for loss of oil and natural gas production and damage to formations can occur. If a serious accident were to occur at a location where our equipment and services are being used, it could result in our being named as a defendant to lawsuits asserting significant claims.

Despite our efforts to maintain safety standards, we have suffered accidents in the past, and we anticipate that we could experience accidents in the future. In addition to the property and personal losses from these accidents, the frequency and severity of these incidents affect our operating costs and insurability, as well as our relationships with customers, employees and regulatory agencies. Any significant increase in the frequency or severity of these incidents, or the general level of compensation awards, could adversely affect the cost of, or our ability to obtain, workers’ compensation and other forms of insurance and could have other adverse effects on our financial condition and results of operations.

We rely on customer indemnifications and third-party insurance as part of our risk mitigation strategy. However, our customers may be unable to satisfy indemnification claims against them. In addition, we indemnify our customers against certain claims and liabilities resulting or arising from our provision of goods or services to them. Our insurance may not be sufficient to cover any particular loss or may not cover all losses. We carry a variety of insurance coverages for our operations, and we are partially self-insured for certain claims, in amounts that we believe to be customary and reasonable. Historically, insurance rates have been subject to various market fluctuations that may result in less coverage, increased premium costs, or higher deductibles or self-insured retentions.

Facilities

Our corporate headquarters are located in Humble, Texas. Please refer to “Item 2—Properties” for information with respect to our other facilities. We believe that our facilities are adequate for our current operations.

Risks Related to Our Business

Our business and financial performance depends primarily upon the general level of activity in the oil and natural gas industry, including the number of drilling rigs in operation, the number of oil and natural gas wells being drilled, the volume of production, the number of well completions and the level of well remediation activity and the corresponding capital expenditures by oil and natural gas companies within North America, the Middle East, Latin America and Europe, among other global markets. A decline in prices for oil and natural gas may have an adverse effect on our revenue, cash flows, profitability and growth.

Demand for most of our products and services depends primarily on the level of activity in the oil and natural gas industry in North America, the Middle East, Latin America and Europe, among other global markets. As a result, our operations are dependent on the levels of activity and capital spending in oil and natural gas exploration, development and production. A prolonged reduction in oil and natural gas prices would generally depress the level of oil and natural gas exploration, development, production, and well completion activity and would result in a corresponding decline in the demand for the products and services that we provide. The significant decline in oil and natural gas prices that occurred in 2020 caused a reduction in our customers’ spending and associated drilling and completion activities, which had an adverse effect on our revenue. While oil and natural gas prices have since increased, should prices again decline, similar declines in our customers’ spending would have an adverse effect on our revenue. In addition, a worsening of these conditions may result in a material adverse impact on certain of our customers’ liquidity and financial position resulting in further spending reductions, delays in the collection of amounts owing to us and other similar impacts.

Many factors over which we have no control affect the supply of and demand for, and our customers’ willingness to explore, develop and produce oil and natural gas, and therefore, influence the volumes we can sell and the prices we can charge for our products and services, including:

• the global supply of, and demand for, oil and natural gas;
• the level of prices, and expectations about future prices, of oil and natural gas;
• the level of global oil and natural gas exploration and production;
• the cost of exploring for, developing, producing and delivering oil and natural gas;
• the supply of and demand for our products and services;
• global or national health concerns, including health epidemics such as the COVID-19 pandemic;
• the expected decline rates of current production;
• inability to acquire or maintain necessary permits or mining or water rights;
• the price and quantity of foreign imports;
• political and economic conditions in oil and natural gas producing countries and regions, including the United States, the Middle East, Africa, Europe, Latin America and Russia;
• actions by the members of OPEC+ and other oil-producing countries with respect to oil production levels and announcements of potential changes in such levels;
• speculative trading in crude oil and natural gas derivative contracts;
• the level of consumer product demand;
• the discovery rates of new oil and natural gas reserves;
• contractions in the credit market;
• the strength or weakness of the U.S. dollar;
• available pipeline and other transportation capacity;
• the levels of oil and natural gas storage;
• the proximity and capacity of oil and natural gas pipelines and other transportation facilities;
• adverse weather conditions and other natural disasters;
• U.S. and non-U.S. tax policy;
• U.S. and non-U.S. governmental approvals and regulatory requirements and conditions;
• the continued threat of terrorism and the impact of military and other action, including military action in the Middle East and the Russia-Ukraine war;
• technical advances affecting energy consumption;
• the price and availability of alternative fuels and energy sources;
• uncertainty in commodities markets and the ability of oil and natural gas producers to raise equity capital and debt financing;
• acquisition and divestiture activity among oil and natural gas producers;
• cyclical/seasonal business and dependence upon spending of our customers;
• competition among oilfield service and equipment providers;
• changes in transportation regulations that result in increased costs or administrative burdens; and
• overall domestic and global economic conditions.

These factors and the volatility of the energy markets make it extremely difficult to predict future oil and natural gas price movements with any certainty. A decline in oil and natural gas prices may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

The cyclical nature of the oil and natural gas industry may cause our operating results to fluctuate.

We derive our revenues from companies in the oil and natural gas exploration and production and oilfield services industry, a historically cyclical industry with levels of activity that are significantly affected by the levels and volatility of oil and natural gas prices. We have experienced, and may in the future experience, significant fluctuations in operating results as a result of the reactions of our customers to changes in oil and natural gas prices. For example, prolonged low commodity prices experienced by the oil and natural gas industry during 2015, 2016 and in 2020, combined with adverse changes in the capital and credit markets, caused many exploration and production companies to reduce their capital budgets and drilling activity. This resulted in a significant decline in demand for oilfield services and products and adversely impacted the volume of products and services oilfield services companies could sell, and the prices oilfield services companies could charge for their products and services. In addition, a majority of the revenue we earn is based upon product sales at market pricing. By selling our products at market pricing, we are exposed to the risks of a rapid reduction in prices and resulting volatility in our revenues.

We are subject to risks relating to existing international operations and expansion into new geographical markets.

We continue to focus on expanding sales globally as part of our overall growth strategy and expect sales from outside the United States to continue to represent a significant and growing portion of our revenue. Our international operations and global expansion strategy are subject to general risks related to such operations, including:

• political, social and economic instability and disruptions;
• terrorist threats or acts, war and civil disturbances;
• export controls, economic sanctions, embargoes, import controls, duties and tariffs, and other trade restrictions;
• the imposition of duties and tariffs and other trade barriers;
• limitations on ownership and on repatriation or dividend of earnings;
• transportation delays and interruptions;
• labor unrest and current and changing regulatory environments;
• foreign taxation, including changes in laws or differing interpretations of existing laws;
• foreign and domestic monetary policies;
• increased compliance costs, including costs associated with disclosure requirements and related due diligence;
• difficulties in staffing and managing multi-national operations;
• limitations on our ability to enforce legal rights and remedies;
• access to or control of networks and confidential information due to local government controls and vulnerability of local networks to cyber risks; and
• fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.

If we are unable to successfully manage the risks associated with expanding our global business or adequately manage operational risks of our existing international operations, these risks could have a material adverse effect on our growth strategy into new geographical markets,our reputation, our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

We often sell and rent products to IOCs and NOCs. Many IOCs and NOCs require products to undergo extensive registration and qualification processes before such product can be purchased or rented. This process can take several years to complete. We will seek to undergo these registration and qualification processes for our current and future products, and there is no guarantee our products will successfully complete these processes, or if they do, that such IOCs or NOCs will purchase or rent such products in the future.

We must comply with export and import controls, economic sanctions and embargoes, anti-boycott, and other international trade laws and any failure to comply with such laws could subject us to liability and have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We conduct business globally, and our business activities and services are subject to import and export controls, as well as economic sanctions, embargoes, anti-boycott, and other international trade laws of the United States and other countries. We must comply with U.S. and other applicable export and import controls, economic sanctions, embargoes, anti-boycott, and other international trade laws, including the U.S. Commerce Department’s Export Administration Regulations and economic sanctions administered by the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control and the U.S. Department of State. In addition, the movement of goods, services and technology subjects us to complex legal regimes governing international trade. Our import activities are governed by unique tariff and customs laws in each of the countries where we import. Further, we must comply with controls on the export or reexport of certain goods, services and technology, as well as economic sanctions that prohibit or restrict business activities in, with or involving certain persons, entities or countries. Although we have instituted policies and procedures designed to promote compliance with such controls and laws, violations of import or export controls, economic sanctions, embargoes, anti-boycott, or other international trade laws could result in negative consequences to us, including government investigations, sanctions, criminal or civil fines or penalties, more onerous compliance requirements, loss of authorizations or licenses needed to conduct aspects of our business, default under debt, reputational harm and other adverse consequences. Moreover, if any of our counterparties or jurisdictions where we do business becomes the target of economic sanctions or other trade restrictions, we may face an array of issues, including, but not limited to, having to abandon the related project or business, being unable to recoup prior invested time and capital or being subject to lawsuits, investigations or regulatory proceedings that could be time consuming and expensive to respond to, and which could lead to sanctions, criminal or civil fines or penalties, loss of authorizations or licenses needed to conduct aspects of our business, default under debt, reputational harm and other adverse consequences. Furthermore, the laws concerning import and export controls, including record keeping and reporting, economic sanctions, embargoes, anti-boycott, and other international trade laws are complex and constantly changing and we cannot predict how these laws or their interpretation, administration and enforcement will change over time. Moreover, they may be adopted, enacted, amended, enforced or interpreted in a manner that could materially impact our operations.

Our business, financial condition and results of operations may be affected by economic sanctions and export controls, including those targeting Russia.

In response to Russia’s military action in Ukraine in 2022, the United States, the European Union and the United Kingdom, among others, have imposed significant economic sanctions and export control measures on Russia and others supporting Russia’s military and political actions in Ukraine, including, blocking or “asset freezing” sanctions on designated entities and individuals; restrictions on the Russian energy and financial sectors; blocking economic activity in certain areas of Ukraine not controlled by the Ukrainian government; prohibitions in relation to investment in Russia; prohibitions and restrictions relating to Russian origin oil and oil products; and export controls limiting the export of a wide range of goods and technical assistance to Russia. In response, Russia has implemented counter-sanctions, including restrictions on the divestment from Russian assets by foreign investors and restrictions on the payments of dividends and transfers of funds out of Russia by foreign investors. Although we have minimal operational exposure in Russia with no revenue for the year ended December 31, 2024, and we do not intend to commit further capital towards projects in Russia, the full impact of the invasion of Ukraine, including economic sanctions and export controls or additional war or military conflict, as well as potential responses to them by Russia, is currently unknown and they could adversely affect oil and gas companies, including many of which are our customers, as well as the global supply chain.

Our operations outside the United States must comply with a number of U.S. and other anti-corruption laws, violations of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

We must comply with the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”) and similar laws in other countries that generally prohibit companies and their agents and employees from providing anything of value to a foreign official or other person for the purposes of influencing any act or decision of these individuals in their official capacity to help obtain or retain business, direct business to any person or corporate entity, or obtain any unfair advantage. We do business and have operations in a number of developing countries that have relatively underdeveloped legal and regulatory systems compared to more developed countries. Several of these countries are generally perceived as presenting a higher than normal risk of corruption, or as having a culture in which requests for improper payments are not discouraged. As a result, we may be subject to risks under the FCPA, the United Kingdom's Bribery Act of 2010 and similar laws in other countries. Our activities create the risk of unauthorized payments or offers of payments by our employees or agents that could be in violation of anti-corruption laws, even though some of these parties are not subject to our control. We have internal control policies and procedures, including our Code of Business Conduct and Ethical Practices, and have implemented training and compliance programs for our employees and agents to promote and achieve compliance with the FCPA and other similar laws. However, we cannot assure that our compliance policies, and procedures, and programs are or will be sufficient or that our directors, officers, employees, representatives, consultants and agents have not engaged and will not engage in conduct for which we may be held responsible. We are also subject to the risks that our employees and agents outside of the United States may act or fail to act in violation of such laws or our compliance policies. Violations of anti-corruption laws may result in severe criminal or civil fines, penalties or sanctions, such as fines, imprisonment, sanctions, debarment from government contracts, seizure of shipments, loss of import and export privileges, and we may be subject to other liabilities, more onerous compliance requirements, default under debt, reputational harm and other adverse consequences, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. In addition, actual or alleged violations of such laws could be expensive and consume significant time and attention of senior management to investigate and resolve, as well as damage our reputation and ability to do business, including our ability to win future business and maintain existing customer and supplier relationships, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business and our results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

The scope of our international operations subjects us to risks from currency fluctuations that could adversely affect our liquidity, financial position and results of operations.

Our non-U.S. operations generate significant revenues and earnings. Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates may affect product demand and may adversely affect the profitability in U.S. dollars of the products we provide in international markets where payment for our products is made in the local currency. We have significant operations in several key International and Offshore markets, including the Middle East, Latin America and Europe, among others, where we earned approximately 45% of our revenues in 2024. Although not all revenue is priced in local currency, our financial results are affected by currency fluctuations, and the impact of those currency fluctuations on the underlying economies. We generally do not use financial instruments that expose us to significant risk involving foreign currency transactions; however, the relative size of our non-U.S. activities has a significant impact on reported operating results and our net assets. Therefore, as exchange rates change, our results can be materially affected.

In addition, our foreign subsidiaries also hold significant amounts of cash that may be subject to both U.S. income taxes (subject to adjustment for foreign tax credits) and withholding taxes of the applicable foreign country if we repatriate that cash to the United States.

Also, we have a diverse supply chain that utilizes international vendors to provide certain services, including machining services, and source raw materials, component parts and finished products from countries other than that of the intended sale. This practice can give rise to foreign exchange risk.

Policy changes affecting international trade and investments could adversely impact our supply chain, the demand for our products and our competitive position.

Changes in government policies on international trade and investment can affect the demand for our products and services, impact the competitive position of our products and services or prevent us from being able to sell or purchase products and services in or from certain countries. Our business benefits from free trade agreements, and efforts to withdraw from, or substantially modify such agreements, in addition to the implementation of more restrictive trade policies, such as more detailed inspections, higher tariffs, import or export licensing requirements, economic sanctions, anti-boycott laws, exchange controls or new barriers to entry, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows. For example, we are experiencing and/or may experience in the future increased tariffs on certain of our products and product components from China, Mexico and Canada. We have planned and begun to implement various efforts in conjunction with our supply chain and end market partners to mitigate the impact of the increased tariffs, but we cannot predict how the tariffs and trade policies may change over time.

We are subject to taxation in many jurisdictions and there are inherent uncertainties in the final determination of our tax liabilities.

As a result of our U.S. and international operations, we are subject to taxation in many jurisdictions. Accordingly, our effective income tax rate and other tax obligations in the future could be adversely affected by a number of factors, including changes in the mix of earnings in countries with differing statutory tax rates, the mix of business executed in deemed profit regimes compared to book income regimes, changes in the valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities, disagreements with taxing authorities with respect to the interpretation of tax laws and regulations and changes in tax laws. In particular, foreign income tax returns of foreign subsidiaries and related entities are routinely examined by foreign tax authorities, and these tax examinations may result in assessments of additional taxes, interest or penalties. We regularly assess all of these matters to determine the adequacy of our tax provision, which is subject to discretion. If our assessments are incorrect, it could have an adverse effect on our business and financial condition.

Moreover, the United States Congress, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development and other government agencies in the other jurisdictions where we and our subsidiaries do business have had an extended focus on issues related to the taxation of multinational corporations. One example is in the area of “base erosion and profit shifting,” where payments are made between affiliates from a jurisdiction with high tax rates to a jurisdiction with lower tax rates. As a result, the tax laws in the United States and other countries in which we and our subsidiaries do business could change on a prospective or retroactive basis, and such changes could adversely affect us.

A change of control could limit our use of net operating losses.

Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Section 382”) generally imposes an annual limitation on the amount of net operating losses (“NOLs”) that may be used to offset taxable income when a corporation has undergone an “ownership change” (as determined under Section 382). An ownership change generally occurs if one or more stockholders (or groups of stockholders) who are each deemed to own at least 5% of such corporation’s stock has increased their ownership by more than 50 percentage points over their lowest ownership percentage within a rolling three-year period. In the event that an ownership change occurs, utilization of the relevant corporation’s NOLs would be subject to an annual limitation under Section 382, generally determined, subject to certain adjustments, by multiplying (i) the fair market value of such corporation’s stock outstanding at the time of the ownership change by (ii) a percentage approximately equivalent to the yield on long-term tax-exempt bonds during the month in which the ownership change occurs. Any unused annual limitation may be carried over to later years.

As of December 31, 2024, we had an NOL carryforward of approximately $298.8 million, principally consisting of tax attributes acquired from Dril-Quip and Rubicon. The Rubicon NOLs are subject to a significant limitation, however, we do not believe the Merger resulted in an ownership change under Section 382, so the $149.5 million of NOLs acquired from Dril-Quip are not limited.

Future changes in our stock ownership, however, could result in an additional ownership change under Section 382. Any such ownership change may substantially limit our ability to offset taxable income arising after such an ownership change with NOLs or other tax attributes generated prior to such an ownership change.

We face significant competition that may cause us to lose market share.

The oilfield services industry is highly competitive. The principal competitive factors impacting sales of our products are technology, service quality, safety track record and price. The market is also fragmented and includes numerous small companies capable of competing effectively in our markets on a local basis, as well as several large companies that possess substantially greater financial and other resources than we do. Our larger competitors’ greater resources could allow those competitors to compete more effectively than we can. For instance, our larger competitors may offer products at below-market prices or bundle ancillary products and services at no additional cost to our customers. We compete with large national and multi-national companies that have longer operating histories, greater financial, technical and other resources and greater name recognition than we do. Several of our competitors provide a broader array of products and services and have a stronger presence in more geographic markets.

Some jobs are awarded on a bid basis, which further increases competition based on price. Pricing is one of the primary factors in determining which qualified contractor is awarded a job. The competitive environment may be further intensified by mergers and acquisitions among oil and natural gas companies or other events that have the effect of reducing the number of available customers. If competition remains the same or increases as a result of future industry downturns, we may be required to lower our prices, which would adversely affect our results of operations. In the future, we may lose market share or be unable to maintain or increase prices for our present products or to acquire additional business opportunities, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Our competitors may be able to respond more quickly to new or emerging technologies and services and changes in customer requirements. The amount of equipment available may exceed demand, which could result in active price competition.

In addition, competition among oilfield equipment providers is affected by each provider’s reputation for safety and quality. We cannot assure that we will be able to maintain our competitive position.

We are subject to the risk of supplier concentration for certain product lines.

Certain of our product lines, including frac plugs and well intervention tools, depend on a limited number of third-party suppliers and vendors, including for supplies of certain raw materials. As a result of this concentration in some of our supply chains, our business and operations could be negatively affected if our key suppliers were to experience significant disruptions affecting the price, quality, availability or timely delivery of their products. The partial or complete loss of any one of our key suppliers, or a significant adverse change in the relationship with any of these suppliers, through consolidation or otherwise, would limit our ability to manufacture or sell certain of our products, or require us to depend on costly alternatives, which may impact financial performance.

Our customers’ industries are undergoing continuing consolidation that may impact our results of operations.

The oil and gas industry is rapidly consolidating and, as a result, some of our largest customers have consolidated and are using their size and purchasing power to seek economies of scale and pricing concessions. This consolidation may result in reduced capital spending by some of our customers or the acquisition of one or more of our primary customers, which may lead to decreased demand for our products and services. We cannot assure you that we will be able to maintain our level of sales to a customer that has consolidated or replace that revenue with increased business activity with other customers. As a result, the acquisition of one or more of our primary customers may have a significant negative impact on our results of operations, financial position or cash flows. We are unable to predict what effect consolidations in the industry may have on price, capital spending by our customers, our selling strategies, our competitive position, our ability to retain customers or our ability to negotiate favorable agreements with our customers.

We could lose customers or generate lower revenue, operating profits and cash flows if there are significant increases in the cost of raw materials or if we are unable to obtain raw materials.

We purchase raw materials, sub-assemblies and components for use in manufacturing operations, which exposes us to volatility in prices for certain commodities. Significant price increases for these commodities could adversely affect our operating profits. Even if we have multiple suppliers of a particular raw material, there are occasionally shortages which lead to price increases. Any significant disruption in supply could affect our ability to obtain raw materials or satisfactory substitutes or could increase the cost of such raw materials or substitutes, which could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity, financial position and results of operations. Should our current suppliers be unable or unwilling to provide the necessary parts, raw materials or equipment or otherwise fail to deliver the products timely and in the quantities required, any resulting delays in the provision of our products could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Additionally, like others in our industry, we continue to face inflation in raw materials cost. In addition to general inflationary pressures, adverse weather may also result in raw materials supply chain disruptions, that can lead to short-term raw material cost inflation. International conflicts or other geopolitical events, such as the continuing Russia-Ukraine war, may also cause upward pressure on raw materials costs due to transportation disruptions, higher manufacturing costs, disruptions in supply chains and availability of raw materials, interruptions in manufacturing operation, and heightened inflation. While we will generally attempt to mitigate the impact of increased raw material prices by endeavoring to make strategic purchasing decisions, broadening our supplier base and passing along increased costs to customers, there may be a time delay between the increased raw material prices and the ability to increase the prices of our products. For example, one of our product families depends on alloying elements such as magnesium, with China providing the majority of the world supply. Prices for alloying elements like magnesium are subject to constant volatility and may increase significantly from time to time. The inability to obtain necessary raw materials on acceptable terms could affect our ability to meet customer commitments and satisfy demand for certain products. Public health threats, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, severe influenza and other highly communicable viruses or diseases, in addition to international conflicts or other geopolitical events or extreme weather events could limit access to vendors and their facilities, or the ability to transport raw materials from our vendors, which would adversely affect our ability to obtain necessary raw materials for certain of our products or increase the costs of such materials. A significant price increase in or the unavailability of raw materials may result in a loss of customers and adversely impact our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows, and could result in asset impairments, including an impairment of the carrying value of our goodwill.

We are exposed to counterparty credit risk. Nonpayment and nonperformance by our customers, suppliers or vendors could adversely impact our operations, cash flows and financial condition.

Weak economic conditions, volatility in the banking sector and/or widespread financial distress could reduce the liquidity of our customers, suppliers or vendors making it more difficult for them to meet their obligations to us. Severe financial problems encountered by our customers, suppliers and vendors could limit our ability to collect amounts owed to us or to enforce the performance of obligations owed to us under contractual arrangements and/or limit our ability to enter into future contractual arrangements with such customers, suppliers or vendors. Certain of our customers finance their activities through cash flow from operations, the incurrence of debt or the issuance of equity. In an economic downturn, commodity prices typically decline, and the credit markets and availability of credit can be expected to be constrained. Additionally, certain of our customers’ equity values could decline. The combination of lower cash flow due to commodity prices, a reduction in borrowing bases under reserve-based credit facilities and the lack of available debt or equity financing may result in a significant reduction in our customers’ liquidity and ability to pay or otherwise perform on their obligations to us. Furthermore, some of our customers may be highly leveraged and subject to their own operating and regulatory risks, which increases the risk that they may default on their obligations to us. Any increase in the nonpayment and nonperformance by our customers could have an adverse impact on our operating results and could adversely affect our liquidity.In the event that any of our customers was to enter into bankruptcy, we could lose all or a portion of the amounts owed to us by such customer, and we may be forced to cancel all or a portion of our contracts with such customer at significant expense to us.

In addition, nonperformance by suppliers or vendors who have committed to provide us with critical products or services could raise our costs or interfere with our ability to successfully conduct our business. These factors, combined with volatile prices of oil and natural gas, may precipitate a continued economic slowdown and/or a recession.

We may not be able to satisfy technical requirements, testing requirements or other specifications under contracts and contract tenders.

Our products are used primarily in deepwater, harsh environment and severe service applications. Our contracts with customers and customer requests for bids typically set forth detailed specifications or technical requirements for our products and services, which may also include extensive testing requirements. We anticipate that such testing requirements will become more common in our contracts. In addition, scrutiny of the drilling industry has resulted in more stringent technical specifications for our products and more comprehensive testing requirements for our products to maintain compliance with such specifications. We cannot assure you that our products will be able to satisfy the specifications or that we will be able to perform the full-scale testing necessary to prove that the product specifications are satisfied in future contract bids or under existing contracts, or that the costs of modifications to our products to satisfy the specifications and testing will not adversely affect our results of operations. If our products are unable to satisfy such requirements, or we are unable to perform any required full-scale testing, our customers may cancel their contracts and/or seek new suppliers, and our business, results of operations, cash flows or financial position may be adversely affected.

Growth in drilling and completion activity, and our ability to benefit from such growth, could be adversely affected by any significant constraints in equipment, labor or takeaway capacity in the regions in which we operate.

Growth in drilling and completion activity may be impacted by, among other things, the availability and cost of oil country tubular goods, pipeline capacity, and material and labor shortages. Should significant growth in activity occur there could be concerns over availability of the equipment, materials and labor required to drill and complete a well, together with the ability to move the produced oil and natural gas to market. Should significant constraints develop that materially impact the efficiency and economics of oil and natural gas producers, growth in drilling and completion activity could be adversely affected. This would have an adverse impact on the demand for our products, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and cash flows.

Equipment failures or production curtailments or shutdowns at our manufacturing and production facilities could adversely affect our manufacturing capability.

Our manufacturing capacity is subject to equipment failures and the risk of catastrophic loss due to unanticipated events, such as fires, explosions and adverse weather conditions. Our manufacturing processes depend on critical pieces of equipment. Such equipment may, on occasion, be out of service as a result of unanticipated failures, which could require us to close part or all of the relevant manufacturing and production facility or cause us to reduce production on one or more of our product lines. Any interruption in manufacturing capability may require us to make significant and unanticipated capital expenditures to effect repairs,which could have a negative effect on our profitability and cash flows. We carry extra expense coverage; however, recoveries under insurance coverage that we currently maintain or may obtain in the future may not be sufficient to completely offset the lost revenues or increased costs resulting from a disruption of our operations. A sustained disruption to our business could also result in delays to or cancellations of customer orders and contractual penalties, which may also negatively impact our reputation among our customers. Any or all of these occurrences could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.

We rely on a few key employees whose absence or loss could adversely affect our business.

Many key responsibilities within our business have been assigned to a small number of employees. We depend on our current senior management for the implementation of our strategy and the supervision of our day-to-day activities. However, there can be no assurance that these individuals will continue to make their services available to us in the future. The loss of their services could adversely affect our business. In particular, the loss of the services of one or more members of our senior management team could disrupt our operations. The loss or diminution of the services of our senior management or an inability to attract and retain additional senior management personnel could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and

prospects. Further, competition in our industry for personnel with relevant expertise is intense due to the relatively small number of qualified individuals, and this competition could affect our ability to retain our existing senior management and attract additional suitably qualified senior management personnel. As a result, the departure of key managers could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. We do not maintain “key person” life insurance policies on any of our employees. As a result, we are not insured against any losses resulting from the death of our key employees.

If we are unable to employ a sufficient number of skilled and qualified workers, our capacity and profitability could be diminished and our growth potential could be impaired.

Many of our products are mechanically complex and often must perform in extremely challenging conditions. The design and delivery of our products requires skilled and qualified technical personnel with specialized skills and experience, and our ability to be productive and profitable will depend upon our ability to employ and retain skilled workers. In addition, our ability to expand our operations depends in part on our ability to increase the size of our skilled labor force. The demand for skilled workers is high, and the supply is limited. As a result, competition for experienced personnel is intense, and we face significant challenges in competing for crews and management with large and well- established competitors. A significant increase in the wages paid by competing employers could result in a reduction of our skilled labor force, increases in the wage rates that we must pay, or both. If either of these events were to occur, our capacity and profitability could be diminished and our growth potential could be impaired.

A negative shift in investor sentiment of the oil and natural gas industry has had and could in the future have adverse effects on our customers’ operations, our business and on our access to investors and financing.

Certain segments of the investor community have developed negative sentiment towards investing in our industry. Equity returns over the last decade in the sector versus other industry sectors have led to lower oil and natural gas and related services representation in certain key equity market indices. Investors and lenders may factor historical returns into future investment and financing decisions. In addition, some investors, including investment advisors and certain sovereign wealth funds, pension funds, university endowments and family foundations, have stated policies to disinvest in the oil and natural gas sector based on their social and environmental considerations. Certain other stakeholders have also pressured commercial and investment banks and other lenders and investors to stop financing oil and natural gas production and related infrastructure projects, which adversely affects our customers. Such developments, including environmental activism and initiatives aimed at limiting climate change and reducing air pollution, could result in downward pressure on the stock prices of oilfield service companies, including ours. While a substantial number of banks and financing sources remain active in investments related to the oil and natural gas and oilfield services industries, it is possible that the investment avoidance or limitation theme could expand in the future and restrict access to capital for our customers and for companies like us.

In addition, organizations that provide information to investors on corporate governance and related matters have developed ratings processes for evaluating companies on their approach to environmental, social and governance matters. Such ratings are used by some investors to inform their investment and voting decisions. Unfavorable environmental, social and governance ratings and recent activism directed at shifting funding away from companies with fossil fuel-related assets could lead to increased negative investor sentiment toward our customers and us and to the diversion of investment to other industries, which could have a negative impact on our business and both our and our customers’ access to and cost of capital. Also, institutional lenders may decide not to provide funding for fossil fuel energy companies based on climate change-related concerns, which could affect our or our customers’ access to capital for potential growth projects. Reputational value is based in large part on perceptions of subjective qualities, and even isolated incidents may erode trust and confidence and have adverse effects on our business and financial results, particularly if they result in adverse publicity or widespread reaction on social media.

Our ability to access capital and credit markets or borrow on affordable terms to obtain additional capital could be limited.

From time to time, we may need to access capital or credit markets to obtain financing. Our ability to access capital or credit markets for financing could be limited by oil and natural gas prices, our capital structure, our credit ratings, the state of the economy, the health or market perceptions of the oil and natural gas industry, the liquidity or instability of the capital markets, regional banks or other lending institutions and environmental, social and governance considerations and other factors. Many of the factors that affect our ability to access capital and credit markets are outside of our control. Among other things, our lenders may seek to increase interest rates, enact tighter lending standards, refuse to refinance existing debt at maturity at favorable terms or at all and may reduce or cease to provide funding to us. While we seek to diversify, and evaluate the risk exposure of, the financial institutions with which we do business, we cannot guarantee that any such institution will not be placed into receivership or otherwise be negatively impacted by the current volatility in the banking sector. No assurance can be given that we will be able to access capital or credit markets on terms acceptable to us when required to do so, which could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The growth of our business through recently completed acquisitions and potential future acquisitions may expose us to various risks, including those relating to difficulties in identifying suitable, accretive acquisition opportunities and integrating businesses, assets and personnel, as well as difficulties in obtaining financing for targeted acquisitions and the potential for increased leverage or debt service requirements.

We have pursued and intend to continue to pursue selected, accretive acquisitions of complementary assets and businesses, such as the Merger and the acquisition of DWS. Acquisitions involve numerous risks, including:

• unanticipated costs and exposure to liabilities assumed in connection with the acquired business or assets, including, but not limited to, environmental liabilities and title issues;
• difficulties in integrating the operations and assets of the acquired business and the acquired personnel;
• complexities associated with managing a larger, more complex, integrated business;
• limitations on our ability to properly assess and maintain an effective internal control environment over an acquired business;
• potential losses of key employees, customers and business partners of the acquired business;
• performance shortfalls at one or both of the companies as a result of the diversion of management’s attention from their day-to-day responsibilities caused by completing an acquisition and integrating an acquired business into the combined company;
• risks of entering markets in which we have limited prior experience; and
• increases in our expenses and working capital requirements.

The process of integrating an acquired business may involve unforeseen costs and delays or other operational, technical and financial difficulties, and may require a significant amount of time and resources. We may experience difficulties in integrating a future acquired business’s operations into our business and in realizing expected benefits and synergies from a future acquisition. The integration process may involve unforeseen difficulties and may require a disproportionate amount of our managerial and financial resources. If we are unable to successfully integrate the operations of future acquired businesses with our business, we may be unable to achieve consolidation savings and may incur unanticipated costs and liabilities.

Our failure to incorporate acquired businesses and assets into our existing operations successfully or to minimize any unforeseen operational difficulties could have a material adverse effect on our business, liquidity position, financial condition, prospects and results of operations.

Furthermore, competition for acquisitions may increase the cost of, or cause us to refrain from, completing acquisitions.

In addition, we may not have sufficient capital resources to complete any additional acquisitions. Historically, we have financed our acquisitions primarily with funding from our equity investors, commercial borrowings and cash generated by operations, as well as equity consideration and debt financing arrangements. We may incur substantial indebtedness to finance future acquisitions and also may issue equity, debt or convertible securities in connection with such acquisitions. Debt service requirements could represent a significant burden on our results of operations and financial condition, and the issuance of additional equity or convertible securities could be dilutive to our existing stockholders. Furthermore, we may not be able to obtain additional financing as needed or on satisfactory terms.

Our ability to continue to grow through acquisitions and manage growth will require us to continue to invest in operational, financial and management information systems and to attract, retain, motivate and effectively manage our employees. The inability to effectively manage the integration of acquisitions could reduce our focus on current operations, which, in turn, could negatively impact our earnings and growth. Our financial position and results of operations may fluctuate significantly from period to period, based on whether or not significant acquisitions are completed in particular periods.

The failure to integrate successfully the businesses of Dril-Quip and Legacy Innovex could adversely affect the Company’s future results.

The Merger involves the integration of two companies that prior to September 6, 2024, operated independently. The success of the Merger will depend – in large part – on the ability of the Company to realize the anticipated benefits, including cost savings, among others, from combining the businesses of Dril-Quip and Legacy Innovex. To realize these anticipated benefits, the businesses of Dril-Quip and Legacy Innovex must be successfully integrated. This integration will be complex and time-consuming. The failure to integrate successfully and to manage successfully the challenges presented by the integration process may result in the Company not achieving the anticipated benefits of the Merger.

Company management believes that the Merger will provide operational and financial scale, increasing free cash flow and enhancing the Company’s corporate returns on invested capital. However, achieving these goals requires, among other things, realization of the targeted cost synergies expected from the Merger. The anticipated benefits of the Merger and actual operating, technological, strategic and revenue opportunities may not be realized fully or at all, or may take longer to realize than expected. If the Company is not able to achieve these objectives and realize the anticipated benefits and synergies expected from the Merger within the anticipated timing or at all, the Company’s business, financial condition and operating results may be adversely affected.

The Company has also incurred and will continue to incur significant integration-related costs and there is potential for unknown liabilities, unforeseen expenses, delays associated with post-Merger integration activities and performance shortfalls of the Company as a result of the diversion of management’s attention caused by completing the Merger and integrating the companies’ operations. Many of the expenses that will be incurred, by their nature, are difficult to estimate accurately at the present time. Additionally, there are a large number of processes, policies, procedures, operations, technologies and systems that must be integrated, including accounting and finance, asset management, benefits, billing, health, safety and environmental, human resources, maintenance, marketing, payroll and purchasing. The expenses of integrating these systems could, particularly in the near term, exceed the savings that the Company expects to achieve from the elimination of duplicative expenses and the realization of economies of scale and cost savings.

Inflation could adversely impact our operating results and the global economy.

Inflation affects the costs of goods and services that we use, including raw materials to manufacture our products, as well as transportation and logistical costs and other external costs and services, Inflation also affects labor costs, which are a significant element of our overall cost structure. If these costs cannot be passed on to customers, our margins could be reduced.

Inflation also leads to increased interest rates as country monetary policies combat inflation. This can result in reduced economic growth and recessionary conditions, as well as higher borrowing costs.

Global inflation significantly increased in 2022 and 2021 related to the COVID-19 economic recovery and associated disruptions in global demand, supply chains/logistics, and labor markets, as well as the war in Ukraine and related significant increase in energy costs. While the global inflation rate began to ease in 2023 and 2024 as a result of central bank policy tightening, core inflation has proved persistent as a result of the preceding factors, in addition to others such as the escalating number of significant geopolitical conflicts throughout the world.

These inflationary conditions could have a greater impact on our operating results in future years. The pace of inflationary changes can also occur more quickly than our ability to respond with corresponding price increases and cost optimization or reduction measures. In addition, there may be differences in inflation rates between countries where we incur the major portion of our costs and other countries where we sell products, which may limit our ability to recover increased costs. The competitive environment in which we operate may also limit our ability to recover higher costs through increased selling prices.

Disruptions in our supply chain for materials and components and the resulting increase in equipment and logistics costs could adversely affect our financial performance.

We are subject to risk from fluctuating manufacturing costs of our products based on surging consumer demand. Prices of these manufacturing costs, including the components and materials of our products, may be affected by supply restrictions or other market factors from time to time. We cannot predict whether the countries in which the components and materials are sourced, or may be sourced in the future, will be subject to new or additional trade restrictions, including the likelihood, type or effect of any such restrictions. Trade restrictions, including embargoes, safeguards and customs restrictions against certain components and materials, as well as labor strikes and work stoppages or boycotts, could increase the cost or reduce or delay the supply of components and materials available to us and our vendors, which could delay or adversely affect the scope of our projects under develop mentor construction and adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

We have identified and may in the future identify additional material weaknesses in internal controls over financial reporting, which may not be remedied in a timely manner and could affect the reliability of our financial statements and have other adverse consequences.

As more fully disclosed in “Item 9A. Controls and Procedures” of this Annual Report, Legacy Innovex previously identified two material weaknesses as Legacy Innovex did not design and maintain effective controls related to the accounting for income taxes at a sufficient level of precision or rigor and failed to employ personnel with adequate expertise to identify and evaluate complex income tax accounting matters. In addition, Dril-Quip identified a material weakness wherein Dril-Quip did not design and maintain effective controls over the financial statement classification of inventory write-downs related to restructurings.

As of December 31, 2024, management concluded that the material weakness previously reported by Dril-Quip had been remediated. Our management has implemented remediation steps related to the material weaknesses for Legacy Innovex but as of December 31, 2024, these Legacy Innovex material weaknesses have not been remediated. We continue to seek improvements to enhance our control environment and to strengthen our internal controls to provide reasonable assurance that our financial statements continue to be fairly stated in all material respects.

Effective internal controls are necessary for the us to provide reliable financial reports, prevent fraud and operate successfully. We cannot assure that we will not in the future have additional material weaknesses. Should new material weaknesses arise or be discovered in the future, material misstatements could occur and go undetected in our interim or annual consolidated financial statements. If we fail to remediate any future material weaknesses or maintain proper and effective internal control over financial reporting in the future, we may be required to restate our financial statements, experience delays in satisfying our reporting obligations or fail to comply with SEC rules and regulations, which could result in investigations and sanctions by regulatory authorities. Any of these results could adversely affect our business and the value of our common stock.

Our indebtedness and liquidity needs could restrict our operations and make us more vulnerable to adverse economic conditions.

Our existing and future indebtedness, whether incurred in connection with acquisitions, operations or otherwise, and limited access to liquidity may adversely affect our operations and limit our growth, and we may have difficulty making debt service payments on such indebtedness as payments become due. Our level of indebtedness may affect our operations in several ways, including the following:

• increasing our vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions;
• the covenants that are contained in the agreements governing our indebtedness could limit our ability to borrow funds, dispose of assets, pay dividends and make certain investments;
• our debt covenants could also affect our flexibility in planning for, and reacting to, changes in the economy and in our industry;
• any failure to comply with the financial or other debt covenants, including covenants that impose requirements to maintain certain financial ratios, could result in an event of default, which could result in some or all of our indebtedness becoming immediately due and payable;
• our level of debt could impair our ability to obtain additional financing, or obtain additional financing on favorable terms, in the future for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions or other general corporate purposes; and
• our business may not generate sufficient cash flow from operations to enable us to meet our obligations under our indebtedness.

Restrictions in our debt agreements and any future financing agreements may limit our ability to finance future operations, meet capital needs or capitalize on potential acquisitions and other business opportunities.

The operating and financial restrictions and covenants in existing and future debt agreements could restrict our ability to finance future operations, meet capital needs or expand or pursue our business activities. For example, our debt agreements restrict or limit our ability to:

• grant liens;
• incur additional indebtedness;
• engage in a merger, consolidation or dissolution;
• enter into transactions with affiliates;
• sell or otherwise dispose of assets, businesses and operations;
• substantially change the nature of our business; and
• make acquisitions, capital expenditures or other investments and make dividends or repurchase our stock.

Furthermore, our debt agreements contain certain other operating and financial covenants, including the obligation to satisfy a certain fixed charge coverage ratio, a leverage ratio and a liquidity requirement. Our ability to comply with the covenants and restrictions contained in our debt agreements may be affected by events beyond our control, including prevailing economic, financial and industry conditions. If market or other economic conditions deteriorate, our ability to comply with these covenants may be impaired. If we violate any of the restrictions, covenants, ratios or tests in our debt agreements, all or a significant portion of our indebtedness may become immediately due and payable, and our lenders’ commitment to make further loans to us may terminate. We might not have, or be able to obtain, sufficient funds to make these accelerated payments. Our Credit Facility (as defined herein) is secured by liens on substantially all of our assets and certain of our future subsidiaries and guarantees from certain of our future subsidiaries, and any acceleration of our debt obligations could result in a foreclosure on the collateral securing such debt. Our debt agreements also require us to make mandatory prepayments in certain circumstances, including a requirement to make a prepayment of the term loans with a certain percentage of our excess cash flow each year. This excess cash flow payment, and other future required prepayments, will reduce our cash available for investment in our business. Any subsequent replacement of our debt agreements or any new indebtedness could have similar or greater restrictions. Please see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Credit Agreement.”

An increase in interest rates would increase the cost of servicing our indebtedness and could reduce our profitability, decrease our liquidity and impact our solvency.

A number of our existing debt agreements provide for, and our future debt agreements may provide for, debt incurred thereunder to bear interest at variable rates. As a result, increases in interest rates could increase the cost of servicing such indebtedness and materially reduce our profitability and cash flows.

Our and our customers’ operations are subject to unforeseen interruptions and hazards inherent in the oil and natural gas industry, for which we or our customers may not be adequately insured and which could cause us to lose customers and substantial revenue.

Our and our customers’ operations are exposed to the risks inherent to our industry, such as equipment defects, vehicle accidents, fires, explosions, blowouts, surface cratering, uncontrollable flows of gas or well fluids, pipe or pipeline failures, abnormally pressured formations and various environmental hazards, such as oil spills and releases of, and exposure to, hazardous substances. In addition, our and our customers’ operations are exposed to potential natural disasters, including blizzards, tornadoes, storms, floods, other adverse weather conditions and earthquakes. The occurrence of any of these events could result in substantial losses to us or our customers due to injury or loss of life, severe damage to or destruction of property, natural resources and equipment, pollution or other environmental damage, clean-up responsibilities, regulatory investigations and penalties or other damage resulting in curtailment or suspension of our operations or our customers’ operations. The cost of managing such risks may be significant. The frequency and severity of such incidents may affect operating costs, insurability and relationships with customers, employees and regulators. Our customers may elect not to purchase our products and services if they view our environmental or safety record as unacceptable, which could cause us to lose customers and substantial revenues.

Our insurance may not be adequate to cover all losses or liabilities we may suffer. Furthermore, we may be unable to maintain or obtain insurance of the type and amount we desire at reasonable rates. As a result of market conditions, premiums and deductibles for certain of our insurance policies have increased and could escalate further. In addition, sub-limits have been imposed for certain risks. In some instances, certain insurance could become unavailable or available only for reduced amounts of coverage. If we were to incur a significant liability for which we are not fully insured, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. In addition, we may not be able to secure additional insurance or bonding that might be required by new governmental regulations. This may cause us to restrict our operations, which might severely impact our financial position.

We attempt to further limit our liability through contractual indemnification provisions with our customers. Due to competitive market pressures, we may not be able to successfully obtain favorable contractual provisions, and a failure to do so may increase our risks and costs, which could materially impact our results of operations. In addition, we cannot assure you that any party that is contractually obligated to indemnify us will be financially able to do so or that a court will enforce all such indemnities.

A terrorist attack or armed conflict could harm our business.

Terrorist activities, anti-terrorist efforts and other armed conflicts involving the United States could adversely affect the U.S. and global economies and could prevent us from meeting financial and other obligations. We could experience loss of business, delays or defaults in payments from payors or disruptions of fuel supplies and markets if pipelines, production facilities, processing plants, refineries or transportation facilities are direct targets or indirect casualties of an act of terror or war. Such activities could reduce the overall demand for oil and natural gas, which, in turn, could also reduce the demand for our products. Terrorist activities and the threat of potential terrorist activities and any resulting economic downturn could adversely affect our results of operations, impair our ability to raise capital or otherwise adversely impact our ability to realize certain business strategies.

We design, manufacture, sell, rent and install products that are used in oil and natural gas exploration, development and production activities, which may subject us to liability, including claims for personal injury, property damage, environmental contamination and other regulatory fines and penalties should such equipment fail to perform to specifications.

We provide products and systems to customers involved in oil and natural gas exploration, development and production. Some of our equipment is designed to operate in high-temperature and/ or high-pressure environments, and some equipment is designed for use in hydraulic fracturing operations. Because of applications to which our products are exposed, particularly those involving high pressure environments, a failure of such equipment, or a failure of our customers or their contractors to maintain or operate the equipment properly, could cause damage to the equipment, damage to the property of customers and others, personal injury and environmental contamination and could negatively impact customer relationships, which could subsequently have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and cash flows.

Our customers typically assume responsibility for, including control and removal of, all pollution or contamination which may occur during operations, including that which may result from seepage or any other uncontrolled flow of drilling fluids. Losses due to catastrophic events, such as blowouts, are generally the responsibility of the customer. However, we may have liability in such cases if we are negligent or commit willful acts. In addition,we typically have mutual indemnification agreements with customers on a “knock-for-knock” basis, which generally means that we and our customers assume liability for our respective personnel, subcontractors and property. As a result of this allocation of risk, we may be liable for certain losses, which could be substantial. Furthermore, despite the general allocation of risk whereby our customers have agreed to assume responsibility for or indemnify us against certain liabilities, we might not succeed in enforcing such contractual allocation or might incur an unforeseen liability falling outside the scope of such allocation. Litigation arising from a catastrophic occurrence at a location where our products and equipment are being used may result in our being named as a defendant in lawsuits asserting large claims. In addition, our customers may be unable to satisfy indemnification claims against them. As a result, we may incur substantial losses which could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, we rely on third-party insurance as part of our risk mitigation strategy. However, our insurance may not be adequate to cover our liabilities. Further, insurance companies may refuse to honor their policies, or insurance may not generally be available in the future, or if available, premiums may not be commercially justifiable. We could incur substantial liabilities and damages that are either not covered by insurance or that are in excess of policy limits, or incur liability at a time when we are not able to obtain liability insurance. Such potential liabilities could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and cash flows.

Oilfield anti-indemnity provisions enacted by many U.S. states may restrict or prohibit a party’s indemnification of us.

We typically enter into agreements with our customers governing the provision of our services, which usually include certain indemnification provisions for losses resulting from operations. Such agreements may require each party to indemnify the other against certain claims regardless of the negligence or other fault of the indemnified party; however, many states place limitations on contractual indemnity agreements, particularly agreements that indemnify a party against the consequences of its own negligence. Furthermore, certain states, including Louisiana, New Mexico, Texas and Wyoming, have enacted statutes generally referred to as “oilfield anti-indemnity acts” expressly prohibiting certain indemnity agreements contained in or related to oilfield services agreements. Such oilfield anti-indemnity acts may restrict or void a party’s indemnification of us, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and cash flows.

Seasonal weather conditions, natural disasters, public health crises, and other catastrophic events outside of our control could severely disrupt normal operations and harm our business.

Our operations are located in different regions of the United States and around the world. Some of these areas are adversely affected by seasonal weather conditions, primarily in the winter and spring. Weather-related hazards can exist in almost all the areas where we operate. During periods of heavy snow, ice or rain, we may be unable to obtain adequate supplies of raw material or fuel or receive products shipped by a third party, and our employees may be unable to travel to supervise and manage implementation of our products and services, thereby reducing our ability to provide our products and technologies and generate revenues. The exploration activities of our customers may also be affected during such periods of adverse weather conditions. Additionally, extended drought conditions in our operating regions could impact our ability or our customers’ ability to source sufficient water or increase the cost for such water. As a result, a natural disaster or inclement weather conditions could severely disrupt the normal operation of our business

and adversely impact our financial condition and results of operations. Climate change may exacerbate the likelihood or intensity of such natural disasters or inclement weather conditions. Furthermore, if the area in which we operate or the market demand for oil and natural gas is affected by a public health crisis, or other similar catastrophic event outside of our control, our business and results of operations could suffer.

Global climate change may in the future increase the frequency and severity of weather events and the losses resulting therefrom, which could have a material adverse effect on the economies in the markets in which we operate or plan to operate in the future and therefore on our business.

Our business could be negatively affected by climate-change related physical changes or changes in weather patterns. Severe weather events affecting platforms or structures may result in a suspension of our customer’s exploration and production activities. In addition, impacts of climate change, such as sea level rise, coastal storm surge, inland flooding from intense rainfall and hurricane-strength winds may damage our facilities or those of our customers. An increase in severe weather patterns could result in damages to or loss of our equipment, impact our ability to conduct our operations and/or result in a disruption of our customers’ operations which could be material to our results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

Our estimates of market opportunity and forecasts of market growth may prove to be inaccurate.

Even if our TAM estimates are accurate or the markets in which we compete achieve the forecasted growth, our business could fail to grow at similar rates, if at all. Market estimates and growth forecasts, including those of Rystad Energy and our management, are uncertain and based on assumptions and estimates that may be inaccurate. The size of our TAM depends on a number of factors, including changes in the competitive landscape, technological changes, customer budgetary constraints, changes in business practices, changes in the regulatory environment, changes in economic conditions and the price we can charge for our products and services. Even if the markets in which we compete meet the size estimates and growth rates we estimate or forecast, our business could fail to grow at similar rates, if at all, which could cause the trading price of our common stock to decline or be volatile.

Impairment in the carrying value of long-lived assets, inventory and intangible assets could negatively affect our operating results.

We evaluate our property and equipment for impairment whenever changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable, and we could incur additional impairment charges related to the carrying value of our long-lived assets.

Long-lived assets, including property, plant and equipment and definite-lived intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. We evaluate our property and equipment and definite-lived intangible assets for impairment whenever changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset group may not be recoverable. Should the review indicate that the carrying value is not fully recoverable, the amount of the impairment loss is determined by comparing the carrying value to the estimated fair value. We assess recoverability based on undiscounted future net cash flows. Estimating future net cash flows requires us to make judgments regarding long-term forecasts of future revenues and costs related to the assets subject to review. These forecasts are uncertain in that they require assumptions about our revenue growth, operating margins, capital expenditures, future market conditions and technological developments. If changes in these assumptions occur, our expectations regarding future net cash flows may change such that a material impairment could result. We incurred long-lived asset write-downs of approximately $3.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2024. These charges are reflected as “Impairment of long-lived assets” in our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

During 2024, Brent crude oil prices fluctuated, with a high of $93.12 per barrel, a low of $70.31 per barrel. According to the January 2025 release of the Short-Term Energy Outlook published by the Energy Information Administration (EIA) of the U.S. Department of Energy, Brent crude oil prices averaged approximately $81 per barrel in 2024, and the price is forecasted to average $74 per barrel in 2025 and $66 per barrel in 2026. Crude oil prices have fluctuated considerably in recent years, in large part due to the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine. The conflict between Israel and Hamas may also have an impact on energy and commodity prices. We are unable to predict the impact that future supply and demand balances, weather events or conflicts may have on the global economy, our industry or our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. Further, continued volatility in market conditions may further deteriorate the financial performance or future prospects of our operations from current levels, which may result in an impairment of long-lived assets or inventory and negatively impact our financial results in the period of impairment.

We may be required to recognize a charge against current earnings because of over time method of accounting.

Revenues and profits on long-term project contracts are recognized on an over time basis. We calculate the percent complete and apply the percentage to determine revenues earned and the appropriate portion of total estimated costs. Accordingly, purchase order price and cost estimates are reviewed periodically as the work progresses, and adjustments proportionate to the percentage complete are reflected in the period when such estimates are revised. To the extent that these adjustments result in a reduction or elimination of previously reported profits, we would have to recognize a charge against current earnings, which could be significant depending on the size of the project or the adjustment.

Risks Related to Environmental and Regulatory Matters

Our operations and the operations of our customers are subject to environmental, health and safety laws and regulations, and future compliance, claims, and liabilities relating to such matters may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

The nature of our customers’ operations, including the sourcing, handling, transporting and disposing of a variety of fluids and substances, including hydraulic fracturing fluids, such as produced water, and other regulated substances, air emissions, and wastewater discharges exposes our customers to some risk of environmental liability, including the release of pollutants from oil and natural gas wells and associated equipment to the environment. Failure of our customers to properly handle, transport or dispose of these materials or otherwise conduct their operations in accordance with environmental, health and safety laws could expose such customers to substantial liability for administrative, civil and criminal penalties, cleanup and site restoration costs and liability associated with the release of such materials, damages to natural resources and other damages, which could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and cash flows. We are also subject to laws and regulations associated with equipment manufacturing operations, including the processing, and the related storage, handling, transportation and disposal of raw materials, products and wastes. The cost of compliance with these laws can be significant. We are required to invest financial and managerial resources to comply with such laws and regulations and anticipate that we will continue to be required to do so in the future.

Additionally, environmental, health and safety laws and regulations have changed in the past, and they may change in the future and become more stringent. Current and future claims and liabilities with respect to environmental, health and safety laws may have a material adverse effect on both us and our customers because of potential adverse outcomes, defense costs, diversion of management resources, unavailability of insurance coverage and other factors. If existing environmental, health and safety requirements or enforcement policies change, we may be required to make significant unanticipated operating expenditures. For more information, see “Business—Environmental, Health and Safety Regulation.”

Our operations, and those of our customers, are subject to compliance with governmental regulations related to climate change.

Climate change continues to attract considerable public and scientific attention. As a result, numerous proposals have been made and are likely to continue to be made at the international, national, regional and state levels of government to monitor and limit emissions of carbon dioxide, methane and other greenhouse gases (“GHGs”). These efforts have included consideration of cap-and-trade programs, carbon taxes, GHG reporting and tracking programs and regulations that directly limit GHG emissions from certain sources.

In the United States, no comprehensive climate change legislation has been implemented at the federal level. However, President Biden established addressing climate change as a priority of his administration and issued several executive orders addressing climate change. Additionally, in 2021 and 2022, President Biden signed into law the IRA, which contains billions of dollars in incentives and other provisions to advance the investment, development, and deployment of alternative energy sources and technologies. Moreover, the EPA has adopted regulations that, among other things, establish construction and operating permit reviews for GHG emissions from certain large stationary sources, require the monitoring and annual reporting of GHG emissions from certain petroleum and natural gas system sources in the United States, and together with the Department of Transportation, set GHG emissions and fuel economy standards for vehicles in the United States. The regulation of methane from oil and natural gas facilities has been subject to uncertainty in recent years. The EPA previously had promulgated new source performance standards (“NSPS”) imposing limitations on methane emissions from sources in the oil and natural gas sector. Subsequently, in September 2020, the Trump Administration rescinded those methane standards and removed the transmission and storage segments from the oil and natural gas source category under the CAA’s NSPS. However, in June 2021, President Biden signed a resolution passed by the U.S. Congress under the Congressional Review Act nullifying the September 2020 rule, effectively reinstating the prior standards. In March 2024, the EPA published new final regulations to expand NSPS requirements for oil and natural gas sector sources and establish comprehensive standards of performance and emission guidelines for methane and volatile organic compound emissions from existing operations in the oil and natural gas sector, including the exploration and production, transmission, processing, and storage segments. These new standards could result in increased costs for our customers and consequently adversely affect demand for our products. However, on January 20, 2025, President Trump signed multiple executive orders seeking to reverse these climate incentives, including pausing the disbursement of funds under the IRA. The same day, President Trump also issued executive orders to encourage fossil fuel production and exploration on federal lands and waters, while moving away from renewable energy and electric vehicles.

Separately, various states and groups of states have adopted or are considering adopting legislation, regulation or other regulatory initiatives that are focused on such areas as GHG cap and trade programs, carbon taxes, reporting and tracking programs, and restriction of emissions. For example, several states, including Pennsylvania and New Mexico, have adopted regulations restricting the emission of methane from exploration and production activities. At the international level, in December 2015, the United States participated in the 21st Conference of the Parties of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in Paris, France. The resulting “Paris Agreement” calls for the parties to undertake “ambitious efforts” to limit the average global temperature and requires member states to submit non-binding, individually determined reduction goals known as “Nationally Determined Contributions” every five years after 2020. In April 2021, President Biden announced a goal of reducing the U.S.’s emissions by 50-52% below 2005 levels by 2030. In November 2021, in connection with the 26th Conference of the Parties in Glasgow, Scotland the United States and other world leaders made further commitments to reduce GHG emissions, including reducing global methane emissions by at least 30% by 2030 from 2020 levels. More than 150 countries have now signed on to this pledge. At the 28th Conference of the Parties in the United Arab Emirates, world leaders agreed to transition away from fossil fuels in a just, orderly and equitable manner and to triple renewables and double energy efficiency globally by 2030. Additionally, the Biden Administration announced a new climate target for the United States on December 19, 2024, which includes a 61-66% reduction in economy-wide net GHG emissions by 2035, as compared to 2005 levels. Though President Trump issued an executive order on January 20, 2025, directing the United States Ambassador to the United Nations to immediately withdraw from the Paris Agreement, international, regional, and state actions to limit GHG emissions could reduce the demand for our products.

Litigation risks are also increasing as a number of entities have sought to bring suit against various oil and natural gas companies in state or federal court, alleging among other things, that such companies created public nuisances by producing fuels that contributed to climate change or alleging that the companies have been aware of the adverse effects of climate change for some time but defrauded their investors or customers by failing to adequately disclose those impacts.

There are also increasing financial risks for fossil fuel producers as stockholders currently invested in fossil fuel energy companies may elect in the future to shift some or all of their investments into non-fossil fuel related sectors. Institutional lenders who provide financing to fossil fuel energy companies also have become more attentive to sustainable lending practices and some of them may elect not to provide funding for fossil fuel energy companies. There is also a risk that financial institutions will be required to adopt policies that have the effect of reducing the funding provided to the fossil fuel sector. Limitation of investments in and financing for fossil fuel energy companies could result in the restriction, delay or cancellation of drilling programs or development or production activities. Additionally, the SEC published final rules on March 28, 2024 relating to the disclosure of a range of climate-related risks. Several lawsuits have been filed challenging the rules. In April 2024, the SEC agreed to pause the rules to facilitate an orderly judicial resolution. We are currently assessing this rule but at this time we cannot predict the costs of implementation or any potential adverse impacts resulting from the rule. To the extent the rules are implemented, we or our customers could incur increased costs related to the assessment and disclosure of climate-related risks. In addition, enhanced climate disclosure requirements could accelerate the trend of certain stakeholders and lenders restricting or seeking more stringent conditions with respect to their investments in certain carbon intensive sectors.

The adoption and implementation of new or more stringent international, federal or state legislation, regulations or other regulatory initiatives that impose more stringent standards for GHG emissions from the oil and natural gas sector or otherwise restrict the areas in which this sector may produce oil and natural gas or generate the GHG emissions could result in increased costs of compliance or costs of consuming, and thereby reduce demand for oil and natural gas, which could reduce demand for our products. Additionally, political, litigation and financial risks may result in our customers restricting or canceling production activities, incurring liability for infrastructure damages as a result of climatic changes, or impairing their ability to continue to operate in an economic manner, which also could reduce the demand for our products. One or more of these developments could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Finally, many scientists have concluded that increasing concentrations of GHG in the atmosphere may produce climate changes that have significant physical effects, such as increased frequency and severity of storms, droughts, and floods and other climate events that could have an adverse effect on our and our customers’ operations.

Federal, state and local legislative and regulatory initiatives relating to hydraulic fracturing as well as governmental reviews and investment practices for such activities may serve to limit future oil and natural gas exploration and production activities and could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and business.

Various federal, state and local legislative and regulatory initiatives have been, or could be undertaken which could result in additional requirements or restrictions being imposed on hydraulic fracturing operations. Currently, hydraulic fracturing is generally exempt from federal regulation under the Safe Drinking Water Act Underground Injection Control (the “SDWA UIC”) program and is typically regulated by state oil and natural gas commissions or similar agencies. However, certain federal agencies have increased scrutiny and regulation. For example, in late 2016, the EPA released a final report on the potential impacts of hydraulic fracturing on drinking water resources, concluding that “water cycle” activities associated with hydraulic fracturing may impact drinking water resources under certain limited circumstances. Additionally, the EPA has asserted regulatory authority pursuant to the SDWA UIC program over hydraulic fracturing activities involving the use of diesel fuel in the fracturing fluid and issued guidance of such activities. Furthermore, the U.S. Bureau of Land Management (the “BLM”) published a final rule in 2015 that established stringent standards relating to hydraulic fracturing on federal and Native American lands. The rule was rescinded by the BLM under the Trump Administration in 2017, but the rescission is currently on appeal to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit and new or more stringent regulations may be promulgated. Similarly, the EPA has adopted rules on the capture of methane and other emissions released during hydraulic fracturing. In addition to federal regulatory actions, legislation has been introduced, but not enacted, in U.S. Congress to provide for federal regulation of hydraulic fracturing and to require disclosure of the chemicals used in the hydraulic fracturing process.

Separately, many states and local governments have also adopted regulations that impose more stringent permitting, disclosure, disposal and well-construction requirements on hydraulic fracturing operations, including states where we or our customers operate, such as Texas, Colorado and North Dakota. States could also elect to place prohibitions on hydraulic fracturing, as several states have already done. In addition, some states have adopted broader sets of requirements related to oil and natural gas development more generally that could impact hydraulic fracturing activities. Separately, state and federal regulatory agencies have at times focused on a possible connection between hydraulic fracturing related activities, including the underground injection of wastewater into disposal wells,and the increased occurrence of seismic activity. Regulators in some states have imposed, or are considering imposing, additional requirements in the permitting of produced water disposal wells or otherwise to assess any relationship between seismicity and the use of such wells. To the extent any new regulations are adopted to restrict hydraulic fracturing activities or the disposal of fluids associated with such activities, it may adversely affect our customers and, as a result, demand for our products.

Increased regulation and attention given to the hydraulic fracturing process could lead to greater opposition to, and litigation concerning, oil and natural gas production activities using hydraulic fracturing techniques. Additional legislation or regulation could also lead to operational delays for our customers or increased operating costs in the production of oil and natural gas, including from the developing shale plays, or could make it more difficult for our customers to perform hydraulic fracturing. The adoption of any additional laws or regulations regarding hydraulic fracturing or further restrictions on the availability of capital for hydraulic fracturing could potentially cause a decrease in the completion of new oil and natural gas wells, increased compliance costs and time and an associated decrease in demand for our products. Such a decrease could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity, consolidated results of operations, and consolidated financial condition. Moreover, the increased competitiveness of alternative energy sources (such as wind, solar, geothermal, nuclear, tidal and biofuels) or increased focus on reducing the use of combustion engines in transportation (such as governmental mandates that ban the sale of new gasoline-powered automobiles) could reduce demand for hydrocarbons and therefore for our products, which would lead to a reduction in our revenues and adversely affect our financial performance.

Conservation measures, commercial development and technological advances could reduce demand for oil and natural gas and our products.

Fuel conservation measures, alternative fuel requirements, increasing consumer demand for alternatives to oil and natural gas, technological advances in fuel economy and energy generation devices could reduce demand for oil and natural gas, resulting in reduced demand for oilfield services. The impact of the changing demand for oil and natural gas services and products may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

The commercial development of economically viable alternative energy sources and related products (such as electric vehicles, wind, solar, geothermal, nuclear, tidal, fuel cells and biofuels) could have a similar effect. In addition, certain U.S. federal income tax deductions currently available with respect to oil and natural gas exploration and development, including the allowance of percentage depletion for oil and natural gas properties, may be eliminated as a result of proposed legislation. Any future decreases in the rate at which oil and natural gas reserves are discovered or developed, whether due to the passage of legislation, increased governmental regulation leading to limitations, or prohibitions on exploration and drilling activity, including hydraulic fracturing, or other factors, could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition, even in a stronger oil and natural gas price environment.

Additional restrictions on drilling activities intended to protect certain species of wildlife may adversely affect our ability to conduct completion activities.

In the United States, the Endangered Species Act (the “ESA”) restricts activities that may affect endangered or threatened species or their habitats. Similar protections are offered to migratory birds under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (the“MBTA”). To the extent species that are listed under the ESA or similar state laws, or are protected under the MBTA, inhabit the areas where our customers operate, the operations of our customers could be adversely impacted. Moreover, drilling activities may be delayed, restricted or precluded in protected habitat areas or during certain seasons, such as breeding and nesting seasons. The listing of new species under the ESA in the areas where our customers operate similarly has the potential to adversely impact our operations and demand for our products as a result of restrictions on oil and natural gas activities. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and similar state agencies may also designate critical or suitable habitat areas that they believe are necessary for the survival of threatened or endangered species. The designation of previously unidentified endangered or threatened species or their habitat could cause the operations of our customers to become subject to operating restrictions or bans, and limit future development activity in affected areas.

Demand for our products and services could be reduced by existing and future legislation, regulations and public sentiment related to the transition away from fossil fuel energy sources.

Regulatory agencies and environmental advocacy groups in the European Union, the United States and other regions or countries have been focusing considerable attention on the emissions of carbon dioxide, methane and other greenhouse gases and their role in climate change. There is also increased focus, including by governments and our customers, investors and other stakeholders, on these and other sustainability and energy transition matters. Existing or future legislation and regulations related to greenhouse gas emissions and climate change, as well as initiatives by governments, nongovernmental organizations, and companies to conserve energy or promote the use of alternative energy sources, and negative attitudes toward or perceptions of fossil fuel products and their relationship to the environment, may significantly curtail demand for and production of oil and gas in areas of the world where our customers operate, and thus reduce future demand for our products and services. This may, in turn, adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Our business, reputation and demand for our stock could be negatively affected if we do not (or are perceived to not) act responsibly with respect to sustainability matters.

Risks Related to Technology Advancement

To compete in our industry, we must continue to develop new technologies and products to support our operations, secure and maintain patents related to our current and new technologies and products and protect and enforce our intellectual property rights.

The markets for our products are characterized by continual technological developments. We may face competition in the future from companies using new technologies and new systems. If we cannot continue to develop and market innovative technologies to meet customers’ requirements, our business may not expand and grow as planned. For us to keep pace with technological changes and remain competitive, we will need to continue to make significant investments in new technologies and research and development, including to design and launch new products and services. New technologies may also be protected by third party patents or other intellectual property rights and therefore may not be available for our use or protection. Further, alternative products and services may be developed which may compete with or displace our products. We may not be able to successfully differentiate our products from those of our competitors. Our clients may not consider our proposed products to be of value to them; or if the proposed products are of a competitive nature, our clients may not view them as superior to our competitors’ products. If we are not able to develop commercially competitive products in a timely manner in response, our ability to service our customers’ demands may be adversely affected. Our future ability to develop new products and technologies in order to support our operations depends on our ability to design and produce products that allow us to meet the needs of our customers and third parties on an integrated basis and obtain and maintain patent protection.

We may encounter resource constraints, technical barriers, or other difficulties that would delay introduction of new products in the future. Our competitors may introduce new products or obtain patents before we do and achieve a competitive advantage. Additionally, the time and expense invested in product development may not result in commercial applications. In addition, continuing development or acquisition of new products inherently carries the risk of inventory obsolescence with respect to our older products.

While we believe that we are not dependent on any one patent to protect our material technology, obtaining patent protection for our products is an important component of our overall competitive business strategy. We currently hold, as of December 31, 2024, approximately 829 U.S. and international patent properties, which give the owner of a patent the right to exclude third parties from making, using, selling, and offering for sale the inventions claimed in the patents in the applicable country. Patent rights do not necessarily grant the owner of a patent the right to practice the invention claimed in a patent, but merely the right to exclude others from practicing the invention claimed in the patent. Patent laws and their implementation vary throughout the world. Some foreign countries do not protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as U.S. laws. Further, policing the unauthorized use of our intellectual property in foreign jurisdictions may be difficult. Therefore, our intellectual property rights may not be as strong or as easily enforced outside of the United States. It may also be possible for a third party to design around our patents. Furthermore, patent rights have territorial limits. Some of our work will be conducted in international waters and would, therefore, not fall within the scope of any country’s patent jurisdiction. We may not be able to enforce our patents against infringement occurring in international waters and other “non-covered” territories. Also, we do not have patents in every jurisdiction in which we conduct business and our patent portfolio will not protect all aspects of our business and may relate to obsolete or unusual methods, which would not prevent third parties from entering the same market.

We attempt to limit access to and distribution of our technology and trade secrets by customarily entering into confidentiality agreements with our employees, customers and potential customers and suppliers. However, our rights in our confidential information, trade secrets, and confidential know-how will not prevent third parties from independently developing similar information. Publicly available information (for example, information in expired issued patents, published patent applications, and scientific literature) can also be used by third parties to independently develop technology. We cannot provide assurance that this independently developed technology will not be equivalent or superior to our proprietary technology.

In addition, we may become involved in legal proceedings from time to time to protect and enforce our intellectual property rights. Further, our intellectual property rights may not have the value that management believes them to have and such value may change over time as we and others develop new product designs and improvements.

If we are unable to obtain patents, licenses and other intellectual property rights covering our products, our operating results may be adversely affected.

Our success depends, in part, on our ability to obtain patents, licenses and other intellectual property rights covering our products. To that end, we have obtained certain patents and intend to continue to seek patents on some of our inventions, technologies and products. While we have patented some of our key technologies, we do not patent all of our proprietary technology, even when regarded as patentable. The process of seeking patent protection can be long and expensive. Further, there can be no assurance that patents will be issued from currently pending or future applications or that, if patents are issued, they will be of sufficient scope or strength to provide meaningful protection or any commercial advantage to us. In addition, effective copyright and trade secret protection may be unavailable or limited in certain countries. Litigation, which could demand significant financial and management resources, may be necessary to enforce our patents or other intellectual property rights. Also, there can be no assurance that we can obtain licenses or other rights to necessary intellectual property on acceptable terms. Failure to secure adequate protection for our intellectual property rights could result in our competitors offering similar services and products, potentially resulting in the loss of some of our competitive advantage, which could adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.

Patent terms may be inadequate to protect our competitive position for an adequate amount of time.

Patents have a limited lifespan, and the protection patents afford is limited. In the United States, if all maintenance fees are timely paid, the natural expiration of a patent is generally 20 years from its earliest U.S. non-provisional filing date. Even if patents covering our product are obtained, once the patent life has expired for patents covering a product, we may be subject to competition from competitive products and services. As a result, our patent portfolio may not provide us with sufficient rights to exclude others from commercializing products similar or identical to ours.

Technology disputes could negatively impact our operations or increase our costs.

Our products use proprietary technology and equipment, which can involve potential infringement of a third party’s rights, or a third party’s infringement of our rights, including patent rights. The majority of the intellectual property rights relating to our products are owned by us. However, in the event that we or one of our customers becomes involved in a dispute over infringement of intellectual property rights relating to equipment or technology owned or used by us, services performed by us or products provided by us, we may lose access to important equipment or technology or our ability to provide our products, or we could be required to cease use of some equipment or technology or forced to modify our equipment, technology or products. We could also be required to pay license fees or royalties for the use of equipment or technology or products. In addition, we may lose a competitive advantage in the event we are unsuccessful in enforcing our rights against third parties. Regardless of the merits, any such claims may result in significant legal and other costs, including reputational harm, and may strain our resources. Some of our competitors and current and potential vendors have a substantial amount of intellectual property related to new equipment and technologies. We cannot guarantee that our equipment, technology or products will not be determined to infringe currently issued or future issued patents or other intellectual property rights belonging to others, including, without limitation, situations in which our equipment, technology or products may be covered by patent applications filed by other parties. Technology disputes involving us or our customers or supplying vendors could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations.

Our failure to protect our proprietary information and any successful intellectual property challenges against us could materially and adversely affect our competitive position.

The protection of our intellectual property rights is essential to maintaining our competitive position and recognizing the value of our investments in technology and intellectual property in our existing and future products. We rely on patent and trade secret protection for certain aspects of our technology, in part through confidentiality and other written agreements with our employees, consultants and third parties. Through these and other written agreements, we attempt to control access to and distribution of our intellectual property documentation and other proprietary technology information. Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary rights, former employees, consultants or third parties may, in an unauthorized manner, attempt to use, copy or otherwise obtain and market or distribute our intellectual property rights or technology or otherwise develop a product with the same functionality as our technology. Policing unauthorized use of our intellectual property rights is difficult, and nearly impossible on a worldwide basis. Therefore, we cannot be certain that the steps we have taken or will take in the future will prevent misappropriation of our technology or intellectual property rights.

We also actively pursue patent protection for our proprietary technology and intellectual property. The process of seeking patent protection can be long and expensive and we cannot be certain that any currently pending or future applications will actually result in issued patents, or that, even if patents are issued, they will be respected by third parties. In addition,our competitors may be able to develop technology independently that is similar to ours without infringing on our patents or gaining access to our trade secrets, and this could have a similar effect on our competitive position.

Intellectual property litigation and threats of litigation are becoming more common in the oilfield services industry. We may in the future be involved in litigation, in the United States or abroad, to enforce our patents or other intellectual property rights or to protect our trade secrets and know-how. These actions can require multiple years to come to resolution or settlement, and even if we ultimately prevail, we may be unable to realize adequate protection of our competitive position. In addition, these actions commonly result in counteractions by the affected third parties to attack the validity of our patents. While we intend to prosecute these actions vigorously, there is no guarantee of success, and such effort takes significant financial and management resources from the Company. In the event that one or more of our patents are challenged, a court or the USPTO may invalidate the patent(s) or determine that the patent(s) is not enforceable, which could harm our competitive position. If our patents are invalidated, or if the scope of the claims in any of these patents is limited by a court or USPTO decision, we could be prevented from pursuing certain litigation matters or licensing the invalidated or limited portion of such patents. Such adverse decisions could negatively impact our future, expected revenue. Patent litigation, if necessary or when instituted against us, could result in substantial costs and divert our management’s attention and resources.

We may be subject to claims that our employees, consultants, or advisors have wrongfully used or disclosed alleged trade secrets of their current or former employers or claims asserting ownership of what we regard as our own intellectual property.

Many of our employees and consultants are currently or were previously employed at other companies in our field, including our competitors or potential competitors. Although we try to ensure that our employees and consultants do not use the proprietary information or know-how of others in their work for us, we may be subject to claims that we or these individuals have used or disclosed intellectual property, including trade secrets or other proprietary information, of any such individual’s current or former employer. Litigation may be necessary to defend against these claims. If we fail in defending any such claims, in addition to paying monetary damages, we may lose valuable intellectual property rights or personnel. Even if we are successful in defending against such claims, litigation could result in substantial costs and be a distraction to management.

In addition, while it is our policy to require our employees and contractors who may be involved in the conception or development of intellectual property to execute agreements assigning such intellectual property to us, we may be unsuccessful in executing such an agreement with each party who, in fact, conceives or develops intellectual property that we regard as our own. The assignment of intellectual property rights may not be self-executing, or the assignment agreements may be breached, and we may be forced to bring claims against third parties or defend claims that they may bring against us to determine the ownership of what we regard as our intellectual property. Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We may be adversely affected by disputes regarding intellectual property rights of third parties.

Third parties from time to time may initiate litigation against us by asserting that the conduct of our business infringes, misappropriates or otherwise violates intellectual property rights. We may not prevail in any such legal proceedings related to such claims, and our products and services may be found to infringe, impair, misappropriate, dilute or otherwise violate the intellectual property rights of others. If we are sued for infringement and lose, we could be required to pay substantial damages and/ or be enjoined from using or selling the infringing products or technology. Any legal proceeding concerning intellectual property could be protracted and costly regardless of the merits of any claim and is inherently unpredictable and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, regardless of its outcome.

If we were to discover that our technologies or products infringe valid intellectual property rights of third parties, we may need to obtain licenses from these parties or substantially re-engineer our products in order to avoid infringement. We may not be able to obtain the necessary licenses on acceptable terms, or at all, or be able to re-engineer our products successfully. If our inability to obtain required licenses for our technologies or products prevents us from selling our products, that could adversely impact our financial condition and results of operations.

Additionally, we currently license certain third-party intellectual property in connection with our business, and the loss of any such license could adversely impact our financial condition and results of operations.

If we are not able to design, develop, and produce commercially competitive products, our business and consolidated results of operations and the value of our intellectual property could be materially and adversely affected.

The market for our products is characterized by continual technological developments to provide better and more reliable performance and enhanced product offerings. If we are not able to design, develop, and produce commercially competitive products in a timely manner in response to changes in the market, customer requirements, competitive pressures, and technology trends, our business and consolidated results of operations and the value of our intellectual property could be materially and adversely affected. Likewise, if our proprietary technologies, equipment, facilities, or work processes become obsolete, our business may no longer be competitive, and our consolidated results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

We are subject to cyber security risks. A cyber incident could occur and result in information theft, data corruption, operational disruption and/or financial loss.

The oil and natural gas industry has become increasingly dependent on digital technologies to conduct certain processing activities. At the same time, cyber incidents, including deliberate attacks or unintentional events, have increased. The U.S. government has issued public warnings that indicate that energy assets might be specific targets of cyber security threats. Our technologies, systems and networks, and those of our customers, vendors, suppliers and other business partners, may become the target of cyber attacks or information security breaches that could result in the unauthorized release, gathering, monitoring, misuse, loss or destruction of proprietary and other information, or other disruption of our business operations. In addition, certain cyber incidents, such as surveillance, may remain undetected for an extended period. Our systems for protecting against cyber security risks may not be sufficient. As cyber incidents continue to evolve, we may be required to expend additional resources to continue to modify or enhance our protective measures or to investigate and remediate any vulnerability to cyber incidents.

We have experienced IT system disruptions and cyber attacks in the past, and a failure of our IT infrastructure and cyber attacks could adversely impact us in the future.

We depend on our IT systems for the efficient operation of our business. Accordingly, we rely upon the capacity, reliability and security of our IT hardware and software infrastructure and our ability to expand and update this infrastructure in response to our changing needs. Despite our implementation of security measures, our systems are vulnerable to damage from computer viruses, natural disasters, incursions by intruders or hackers, failures in hardware or software, power fluctuations, cyber terrorists and other similar disruptions. Additionally, we rely on third parties to support the operation of our IT hardware and software infrastructure, and in certain instances, utilize web-based applications. We routinely monitor our systems for IT disruptions and cyber attacks and have processes in place to detect and remediate vulnerabilities. Nevertheless, we have experienced occasional IT disruptions, cyber attacks and attempted breaches, including attacks resulting from phishing emails. We responded to and mitigated the impact of these incidents. The failure of our IT systems or those of our vendors to perform as anticipated for any reason or any significant breach of security could disrupt our business and result in numerous adverse consequences, including reduced effectiveness and efficiency of operations, inappropriate disclosure of confidential and proprietary information, reputational harm, increased overhead costs, loss of important information, theft or misappropriation of funds, violation of privacy or other laws, and exposure to litigation or indemnity claims, including resulting from customer-imposed cyber security controls or other related contractual obligations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. In addition, we may be required to incur significant costs to protect against damage caused by these disruptions or security breaches in the future.

Unauthorized access to or modification of, or actions disabling our ability to obtain authorized access to, our customers’ data, other external data, personal data, or our own data, as a result of a cyber incident, attack or exploitation of a security vulnerability, or loss of control of our clients’ operations could result in significant damage to our reputation or disruption of the services we provide to our customers or of our customers’ businesses. In addition, allegations, reports, or concerns regarding vulnerabilities affecting our digital products or services could damage our reputation. This could lead to fewer customers using our digital products and services, which could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, and future prospects. In addition, if our systems or third-party products, services, and network systems for protecting against cybersecurity risks prove to be insufficient, we could be adversely affected by, among other things, loss of or damage to our intellectual property, proprietary or confidential information; loss of customer, supplier, or our employee data; breach of personal data; interruption of our business operations; disruption of our customers’ businesses; increased legal and regulatory exposure, including fines and remediation costs; and increased costs required to prevent, respond to, or mitigate cybersecurity attacks. These risks could harm our reputation and our relationships with our employees, our customers, our suppliers, our alliance partners and other third parties, and may result in claims against us.

Our business is subject to complex and evolving U.S. and foreign laws and regulations regarding privacy and data protection.

The regulatory environment surrounding data privacy and protection is constantly evolving and can be subject to significant change. New laws and regulations governing data privacy and the unauthorized disclosure of confidential information, including the European Union General Data Protection Regulation and recent California legislation, pose increasingly complex compliance challenges and potentially elevate our costs. Any failure, or perceived failure, by us to comply with applicable data protection laws could result in proceedings or actions against us by governmental entities or others, subject us to significant fines, penalties, judgments and negative publicity, require us to change our business practices, increase the costs and complexity of compliance, and adversely affect our business. As noted above, we are also subject to the possibility of cyber incidents or attacks, which themselves may result in a violation of these laws. Additionally, if we acquire a company that has violated or is not in compliance with applicable data protection laws, we may incur significant liabilities and penalties as a result.

Risks Related to Ownership of our Common Stock

The market price of our common stock may be volatile.

The trading price of our common stock and the price at which we may sell common stock in the future are subject to large fluctuations in response to any of the following:

• limited trading volume in our common stock;
• quarterly variations in operating results;
• general financial market conditions;
• the prices of natural gas and oil;
• announcements by us and our competitors;
• our liquidity;
• changes in government regulations;
• our ability to raise additional funds;
• our involvement in litigation; and
• other events.

A significant reduction by Amberjack of its ownership interests in us could adversely affect us.

We believe that Amberjack Capital Partners, L.P.’s (“Amberjack”) substantial ownership interest in us provides it with an economic incentive to assist us to be successful. Upon the expiration of the lock-up restrictions on transfers or sales of our securities set forth in the stockholders’ agreement entered into in connection with the Merger (the “Stockholders Agreement”), Amberjack and its affiliates will not be subject to any obligation to maintain their ownership interest in us and may elect at any time to sell all or a substantial portion of or otherwise reduce their ownership interest in us. If Amberjack sells all or a substantial portion of its ownership interests in us, Amberjack may have less incentive to assist in our success and directors associated with Amberjack may choose to resign from their positions as members of our board of directors. Such actions could adversely affect our ability to successfully implement our business strategies which could adversely affect our cash flows or results of operations.

Amberjack and its affiliates have the ability to exercise significant influence over certain corporate actions.

Amberjack and its affiliates currently own approximately 42% of our outstanding common stock. As a result, these stockholders could have significant influence over the outcome of matters requiring a stockholder vote, including the election of directors, the adoption of any amendment to our bylaws and the approval of mergers and other significant corporate transactions. Their influence over us may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control or may adversely affect the voting and other rights of other stockholders. In addition, pursuant to the Stockholders Agreement, subject to certain exceptions, Amberjack and its affiliates have the right to designate four nominees for election to our board of directors. Finally, if these stockholders were in the future to sell all or a material number of shares of common stock, the market price of our common stock could be negatively impacted.

Provisions in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws and under Delaware law could make an acquisition of the Company, which may be beneficial to our stockholders, more difficult and may prevent attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management.

Provisions in our certificate of incorporation and our bylaws may discourage, delay or prevent a merger, acquisition or other change in control of the Company that stockholders may consider favorable, including transactions in which you might otherwise receive a premium for your shares. These provisions could also limit the price that investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock, thereby depressing the market price of our common stock. In addition, because our board of directors is responsible for appointing the members of our management team, these provisions may frustrate or prevent any attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management by making it more difficult for stockholders to replace members of our board of directors. Among other things, these provisions include those establishing:

• provisions relating to the classification, nomination and removal of our directors;
• provisions regulating the ability of our stockholders to bring matters for action at annual meetings of our stockholders;
• provisions requiring the approval of the holders of at least 80% of our voting stock for a broad range of business combination transactions with related persons; and
• the authorization given to our board of directors to issue and set the terms of preferred stock.

In addition, Section 203 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”) prohibits a publicly held Delaware corporation from engaging in a business combination with an interested stockholder, unless the business combination is approved in a prescribed manner. An interested stockholder includes a person, individually or together with any other interested stockholder, who within the last three years has owned 15% of our voting stock.

Amberjack is not limited in its ability to compete with us. Pursuant to the terms of the Stockholders Agreement, Amberjack and its affiliates are not required to communicate or offer corporate opportunities to us, and our directors and officers may be permitted to offer certain corporate opportunities to Amberjack or its affiliates before us.

Amberjack may invest in other companies in the future that may compete with us. Conflicts of interest could arise in the future between us, on the one hand, and Amberjack, on the other hand, concerning among other things, potential competitive business activities or business opportunities.

Our board of directors includes persons who are also directors and/or officers of members of Amberjack or its affiliates. The Stockholders Agreement provides that to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL and subject to applicable legal requirements and any express agreement, the Company has agreed that Amberjack and its affiliates and each Amberjack designee to our board of directors that is also a director, officer, employee or other representative of Amberjack (collectively, the “Covered Persons”) may, and have no duty not to, (i) invest in, carry on and conduct any business of any kind, nature or description, whether or not such business is competitive with or in the same or similar lines of business as the Company or any of its subsidiaries, (ii) do business with any client, customer, vendor or lessor of any of the Company or its affiliates, and/or (iii) make investments in any kind of property in which the Company or its subsidiaries may make investments. To the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL or any other applicable law, the Company renounces any interest or expectancy to participate in any business, business opportunity, transaction, investment or other matter of any Covered Person as currently conducted or as may be conducted in the future, and waives any claim against a Covered Person and shall indemnify a Covered Person against any claim that such Covered Person is liable to the Company or its stockholders for breach of any fiduciary duty or otherwise solely by reason of such Covered Person’s participation in, or failure to offer or communicate to the Company, its subsidiaries or any controlled affiliates any information regarding, any such business opportunity.

Our bylaws provide that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware and the federal district courts of the United States are the exclusive forums for substantially all disputes between us and our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers or employees.

Our bylaws provide that, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (or, if the Court of Chancery does not have, or declines to accept, jurisdiction, another state court or a federal court located within the State of Delaware) is the exclusive forum for any claims, including claims in the right of the Company: (a) that are based upon a violation of a duty by a current or former director, officer, employee or stockholder in such capacity, or (b) as to which the DGCL confers jurisdiction upon the Court of Chancery. This provision would not apply to suits brought to enforce a duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or any other claim for which the U.S. federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction. The bylaws further provide that the sole and exclusive forum for any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act, to the fullest extent permitted by law, shall be the federal district courts of the United States. The enforceability of similar exclusive federal forum provisions in other companies’ organizational documents has been challenged in legal proceedings, and while the Delaware Supreme Court has ruled that this type of exclusive federal forum provision is facially valid under Delaware law, there is uncertainty as to whether other courts would enforce such provisions and that investors cannot waive compliance with the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder. These exclusive forum provisions may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers or other employees, which may discourage such lawsuits against us and our directors, officers, and other employees. Alternatively, if a court were to find either exclusive forum provision in our bylaws to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We do not anticipate declaring or paying any cash dividends to holders of our common stock in the foreseeable future, and our existing debt agreements place certain restrictions on our ability to do so.

We do not anticipate declaring or paying any cash dividends to holders of our common stock in the foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain all future earnings, if any, to finance the growth and development of our business, and the payment of future dividends will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon then-existing conditions, including our results of operations, financial condition, capital requirements, investment opportunities, statutory restrictions on our ability to pay dividends and other factors our board of directors may deem relevant. In addition, our existing debt agreements place, and we expect our future debt agreements will place, certain restrictions on our ability to pay cash dividends. Consequently, unless we revise our dividend policy, your only opportunity to achieve a return on your investment is if the price of our common stock appreciates. There is no guarantee that the price of our common stock that will prevail in the market will ever exceed the price that you pay in this offering.

We may issue preferred stock whose terms could adversely affect the voting power or value of our common stock.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation will authorize us to issue, without the approval of our stockholders, one or more classes or series of preferred stock having such designations, preferences, limitations and relative rights, including preferences over our common stock respecting dividends and distributions, as our board of directors may determine. The terms of one or more classes or series of preferred stock could adversely impact the voting power or value of our common stock. For example, we might grant holders of preferred stock the right to elect some number of our directors in all events or on the happening of specified events or the right to veto specified transactions. Similarly, the repurchase or redemption rights or liquidation preferences we might assign to holders of preferred stock could affect the residual value of the common stock.

Innovex maintains a cyber risk management program designed to identify, assess, manage, mitigate, and respond to cybersecurity threats. The underlying controls of the cyber risk management program are based on recognized best practices and standards for cybersecurity and information technology, including the National Institute of Standards and Technology (“NIST”) and the Cybersecurity Framework. Innovex has an annual assessment, performed by a third party, of the Company’s cyber risk management program against the NIST Cybersecurity Framework. Innovex contracts a Cyber Security Operations Center operating in three locations to provide 24/7 monitoring of its global cybersecurity environment and to coordinate the investigation and remediation of alerts. An annual incident response drill is in place to prepare support teams in the event of a significant incident. Cyber partners are a key part of Innovex’s cybersecurity infrastructure. Innovex partners with leading cybersecurity companies and organizations, leveraging third-party technology and expertise. Innovex engages with these partners to monitor and maintain the performance and effectiveness of products and services that are deployed in Innovex’s environment.

Innovex’s VP of IT reports to Innovex’s Chief Financial Officer and is the head of the Company’s cybersecurity team. The VP of IT is responsible for assessing and managing Innovex’s cyber risk management program, informs senior management regarding the prevention, detection, mitigation, and remediation of cybersecurity incidents and supervises such efforts. The cybersecurity team has decades of experience selecting, deploying, and operating cybersecurity technologies, initiatives, and processes around the world, and relies on threat intelligence as well as other information obtained from governmental, public or private sources, including external consultants engaged by Innovex. The Audit Committee of the board of directors oversees Innovex’s cybersecurity risk exposures and the steps taken by management to monitor and mitigate cybersecurity risks. The IT department briefs the Audit Committee on the effectiveness of Innovex’s cyber risk management program, typically on a semiannual basis. In addition, cybersecurity risks are reviewed by the Innovex board of directors, at least annually, as part of the Company’s corporate risk mapping exercise. Innovex faces risks from cybersecurity threats that could have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or reputation. Innovex has experienced, and will continue to experience, cyber incidents in the normal course of its business. However, prior cybersecurity incidents have not had a material adverse effect on Innovex’s business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Technology Advancement—We are subject to cyber security risks. A cyber incident could occur and result in information theft, data corruption, operational disruption and/or financial loss” and “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Technology Advancement—We have experienced IT system disruptions and cyber attacks in the past, and a failure of our IT infrastructure and cyber attacks could adversely impact us in the future.”

Below is a list of active properties which we owned or leased as of December 31, 2024. Our facilities located in Andrews, Texas; Houston, Texas; Mineral Wells, Texas and Odessa, Texas secure our obligations under the Credit Facility. In addition to the below properties, we also have several non-material properties which may be idle, sub-leased or undeveloped.

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From time to time, we are a party to ongoing legal proceedings in the ordinary course of business. We do not believe the results of currently pending proceedings, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.

See Note 16. Commitments and Contingencies to our Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report for additional information regarding litigation, claims and other legal proceedings.

The following is management’s discussion and analysis of certain significant factors that have affected aspects of the Company’s financial position, results of operations, comprehensive income (loss) and cash flows during the periods included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial statements and notes thereto presented elsewhere in this Annual Report. The following discussion contains “forward-looking statements” that reflect our future plans, estimates, beliefs and expected performance. We caution that assumptions, expectations, projections, intentions or beliefs about future events may, and often do, vary from actual results and the differences can be material. Please see “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors.”

Overview

Innovex designs, manufactures, sells and rents mission critical engineered products to the global oil and natural gas industry. Our vision has been to create a global leader in well-centric products and technologies through organic, customer-linked innovations and disciplined acquisitions to drive leading returns for our investors. Our products are used across the life cycle of the well (during the construction, completion, production and intervention phases) and are typically utilized downhole and consumable in nature. Our products perform a critical well function, and we believe they are chosen due to their reliability and capacity to save our customers time and lower costs during the well lifecycle. We believe that our products have a significant impact on a well’s performance and economic profile relative to the price we charge, creating a “Big Impact, Small Ticket” value proposition. Many of our products can be used in a significant portion of our customers’ wells globally, with our most advanced products providing mission critical solutions for some of the most challenging and complex wells in the world. We have a track record of developing proprietary products to address our customers’ evolving needs, and we maintain an active pipeline of potential new products across various stages of development.

We are a global company, and for the year ended December 31, 2024, the NAM market made up approximately 55% of our revenue while the International and Offshore markets constituted 45%. Within the NAM market, we have a strong presence in both the United States and Canada. The NAM market is core to us, and we maintain a robust sales and distribution infrastructure across the region. Our products have broad applicability in this market, particularly for horizontal or unconventional wells that have become prevalent methods of oil and natural gas development across the region. We are focused on significantly increasing our revenue from the International and Offshore markets, as these regions are typically subject to long-cycle investment horizons and exhibit relatively less cyclicality than the NAM market. The Middle East, and in particular Saudi Arabia, has been a key source of growth for Innovex. We also operate across Asia, Latin America, Europe and the Gulf of Mexico, among other regions. To enhance our global reach, we have complemented our locations across these markets with a network of strategic distribution, sales and manufacturing partners.

We are an innovator and have a development process and culture focused on creating proprietary products for our customers. We seek to work with our customers to solve their operational challenges. We believe that these collaborations have been a source of growth as they have allowed us to develop new products with anchor customers that have served as an initial revenue base from which to scale. We have a unique culture that we view as having been critical to our success in the commercialization of new products. We define our culture as “No Barriers.” Our goal is to remove internal barriers that slow the pace of innovation and empower our employees to be responsive to our customers’ needs, while maintaining a focus on returns for the Company. As a result of our culture and our commitment to customer responsiveness, we believe that we are more agile and able to innovate faster than our larger competitors.

Based on our TAM estimates, we believe that we are uniquely positioned to grow market share within larger addressable markets after the Merger with Dril-Quip. On a pro forma basis, excluding the impact of revenue generated by Great North prior to their acquisition by Dril-Quip on July 31, 2023 but including both the revenue and additional market share relating to the Merger and the DWS acquisition, we estimate that our NAM market share in 2024 was 13% and that our International and Offshore market share was 12%. We estimate Innovex has grown market share since inception and believe we are well positioned to continue to capture market share across our geographic markets. In particular, we view the International and Offshore markets as a significant growth opportunity.

Our organic growth has been complemented by a disciplined and contrarian acquisition strategy. We view acquisitions as a core competency and have identified a rich opportunity set of acquisition targets that we believe are seeking to transact. We aim to execute a disciplined acquisition strategy for high-quality opportunities that meet our stringent investment criteria.

We have a broad customer base, ranging from the largest IOCs, NOCs, and E&P companies as well as multinational and regional oilfield service companies. Once a new product has been commercialized or acquired, our global sales and distribution infrastructure enables us to scale and drive customer adoption quickly.

Our business has produced strong returns on invested capital. Please see “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” within this section for Return on Capital Employed, which is how we assess the effectiveness of our capital allocation over time. For the year ended December 31, 2024, our net income, income from operations and Adjusted EBITDA were equivalent to approximately 21%, 7% and 21% of revenue, respectively. Over the same period, capital expenditures accounted for 2% of revenue, and we earned approximately $49.1 million in income from operations. For the year ended December 31, 2023, our net income, income from operations, and Adjusted EBITDA were equivalent to approximately 13%, 18% and 24% of revenue, respectively. Over the same period, capital expenditures accounted for only 3% of revenue, and we earned approximately $97.3 million in income from operations. We believe that our global sales and distribution network, as well as our manufacturing capacity and vendor network, position us well to drive revenue growth and margin expansion. Please see “How We Evaluate our Results of Operations” within this section for the definitions of Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA Margin, and Return on Capital Employed, and see “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” within this section for a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA Margin, and Return on Capital Employed to our most directly comparable financial measures calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP.

We believe that we can create value for our stockholders across the industry cycle and view our “through-cycle playbook” as providing a plan for us to outperform in all market environments. We prioritize protecting the long-term health of the Company through investments in R&D and sustaining engineering in our existing portfolio in all market environments. We seek to maintain a conservative balance sheet to preserve operational and financial flexibility through the industry cycle.

Recent Developments

On March 18, 2024, the Company (formerly known as Dril-Quip, Inc.) entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with Legacy Innovex, Ironman Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and wholly owned subsidiary of Dril-Quip, and DQ Merger Sub, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. Following the Merger, Legacy Innovex became a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, the name of the Company was changed to Innovex International, Inc., and its common stock remained listed on the NYSE. The Merger closed on September 6, 2024 and was accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting with Legacy Innovex being identified as the accounting acquirer. The consolidated financial statements of the Company reflect the financial position, results of operations and cash flows of only Legacy Innovex for all periods prior to the Merger and of the combined company (including activities of Dril-Quip) for all periods subsequent to the Merger.

Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, as of the effective time of the Merger, each outstanding share of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of Legacy Innovex was converted into the right to receive 2.0125 shares of Company Common Stock. The number of shares of Company Common Stock received by the Legacy Innovex stockholders was equal to 32,183,966. On September 9, 2024, the first trading day following the closing of the Merger, the Company Common Stock began trading on NYSE under the new ticker symbol “INVX”.

On November 29, 2024, Innovex acquired 80% of the issued and outstanding equity securities of DWS. The acquisition was completed simultaneously with the signing of the Equity Purchase Agreement on November 29, 2024. The aggregate purchase price for the acquisition consisted of $75.1 million in cash, subject to post-closing adjustments, and 1,918,558 shares of Company Common Stock. The remaining 20% of the issued and outstanding equity securities of DWS were previously owned by Legacy Innovex, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company.

For information with respect to the Merger and DWS acquisition, see Note 3. Mergers and Acquisitions to our Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.

On February 27, 2025, we entered into the Third Amended and Restated Revolving Credit, Guaranty and Security Agreement, dated as of February 27, 2025, among the Company, and each party joined thereto from time to time as a guarantor, as guarantors, the financial institutions from time to time party thereto, as lenders, and PNC Bank, National Association, as the agent for lenders (the “New Credit Agreement”) to replace the Credit Agreement (as defined herein). The New Credit Agreement provides for a $200 million senior secured revolving credit facility, subject to a borrowing base. The New Credit Agreement matures on February 27, 2030. The New Credit Agreement, among other things, (i) extended the maturity of the agreement from June 2026 to February 2030, (ii) increased the maximum revolving amount from $110 million to $200 million, which may, subject to certain conditions, be increased to $250 million, (iii) eliminated the term loan commitment and (iv) provided for an applicable margin for interest on the loans to be based on availability, effective as of April 1, 2025. The applicable margin under the New Credit Agreement will range from 0.50% to 1.00% for swing loans and alternate base rate revolving loans and 1.50% to 2.00% for term SOFR revolving loans.

Market Factors and Trends

Our business is driven by the number of oil and natural gas wells drilled worldwide, which, in turn, is tied to the level of global spending of the oil and natural gas E&P industry. Rystad Energy expects the Brent oil price to gradually decrease to $69 per barrel by

2026, and break the downward trend in 2027 with an average level of $74 per barrel. Consequently, global E&P capital spending, excluding Iran, Venezuela, Cuba, Russia and China, is expected to stay relatively flat through 2025. Rystad Energy also estimates that the annual number of global wells drilled, excluding Iran, Venezuela, Cuba, Russia and China, will decrease 4% from approximately 34,000 in 2023 to approximately 32,600 in 2027. The pace of development activity is driven by expected well profitability and returns, which, in turn, are influenced by several factors, including current global oil and natural gas supply and demand balances, current and expected future prices for oil and natural gas and the perceived stability and sustainability of these commodity prices over time.

The oil and natural gas industry has historically been characterized by volatility in commodity prices and in the level of drilling and production activity, which are driven by a variety of market forces, including geopolitical instability, climate related initiatives, OPEC+ actions, among others. The global demand for oil and natural gas has consistently increased historically, and we believe that multiple years of under investment in oil and natural gas development has left the industry with a limited amount of spare production capacity. Additionally, public E&P operators have adopted a more conservative approach to capital spending in response to stockholders’ desire for increased return of capital. We believe that these factors have laid a foundation to support oil and natural gas prices and will lead to a sustained spending cycle and stable activity levels by our customers in the near and medium-term.

Description of Certain Components of Financial Data

Revenues

We generate our revenue from three primary sources: sales of products and other associated revenues with product sales, such as freight; rentals of tools that are used to deploy our products or to provide a critical well function; and services that are typically connected to the well-site deployment of our engineered products. We have global operations, with sales generated within both our NAM market operations and our International and Offshore markets.

The Company accounts for more complex, customer specific projects that have relatively longer manufacturing time frames on an over-time basis. For the year ended December 31, 2024, there were 6 projects representing approximately 0.2% of the Company’s total revenues and approximately 0.2% of its product revenues that were accounted for using over-time accounting, compared to zero projects for the year ended December 31, 2023. Revenues accounted for in this manner are generally recognized based upon a calculation of the percentage complete, which is used to determine the revenue earned and the appropriate portion of total estimated cost of revenues to be recognized. Accordingly, price and cost estimates are reviewed periodically as the work progresses, and adjustments, proportionate to the percentage complete, are reflected in the period when such estimates are revised. Losses, if any, are recorded in full in the period they become known. Amounts received from customers in excess of revenues recognized are classified as a current liability.

Cost of revenues

Our cost of revenues consists of expenses relating to the manufacture and procurement of our products in addition to the costs of our support services. Cost of revenues related to manufacturing and procurement of our products includes the cost of components sourced from third-party suppliers and direct and indirect costs to manufacture and supply products, including labor, materials, machine time, lease expense related to our manufacturing facilities, freight and other variable manufacturing costs, such as shrinkage, obsolescence variances and revaluation or scrap related to our existing inventory. Our support services costs include personnel expenses for our field service organization, lease expense related to our operations facilities, threading charges, vehicle expenses and freight.

Selling, general and administrative expenses

Selling, general and administrative expense consists of costs such as sales and marketing, engineering and R&D expenses, general corporate overhead, compensation expense, IT expenses, safety and environmental expenses, insurance costs, legal expenses and other related administrative functions.

Gain/loss on sale of assets

Gain/loss on sale of assets represents profit recognized on the sale of property and equipment, net.

Depreciation and amortization

Depreciation and amortization expense consists of depreciation related to our tangible assets, including investments in property and equipment, and amortization of intangible assets, including identified intangible assets related to acquisition purchase price accounting.

Impairment of long-lived assets

Impairment of long-lived assets consists of the write down of the carrying value of our long-lived assets to fair value when, as part of our periodic impairment evaluation performed in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification 360 Property, Plant, and Equipment, we determine that the carrying value of the asset or asset group is not recoverable and exceeds its fair value.

Acquisition costs

Acquisition costs consist of legal, accounting, advisory fees, and other integration costs incurred in connection with the acquisition and integration of a business.

Interest expense

Interest expense, net primarily consists of interest expense associated with the Term Loan and the Credit Facility (each as defined herein).

Other expense/income, net

Other expense/income, net consists of foreign exchange transaction gains or losses resulting from a change in exchange rates between the functional currency and the currency in which a foreign currency transaction is denominated and other non-operating items.

Equity method earnings

Equity method earnings consist of our proportional share of the earnings of our previous equity method investee, DWS, along with the associated amortization of our proportional share of the step up in fair value of the intangible assets acquired. The minority interest requiring equity method accounting treatment was acquired on May 1, 2023. On November 29, 2024, we purchased the remaining equity interest in DWS and therefore, the earnings of DWS after November 29, 2024 are fully consolidated as part of the Company. See “Gain on consolidation of equity method investment” below.

Gain on consolidation of equity method investment

As noted in “Equity method earnings” above, on November 29, 2024, we purchased the remaining equity interest in DWS and therefore, the earnings of DWS after November 29, 2024 are fully consolidated as part of the Company. The Company previously accounted for our ownership interest in DWS as an equity method investment. Upon increasing our ownership to 100% on the acquisition date, the Company obtained a controlling financial interest and consolidated the operations of DWS. The purchase of the remaining equity interest in DWS was considered to be an acquisition achieved in stages, whereby the previously held equity interest was remeasured as of the acquisition date. Based on this analysis, the Company recognized a non-taxable gain on the remeasurement of the previously held equity method investment within this financial statement line.

Gain on bargain purchase

The Merger resulted in a gain on bargain purchase recognized on the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income due to the estimated fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired exceeding the purchase consideration transferred. Upon completion of its preliminary assessment, the Company concluded that all of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed have been identified and recognized, including any additional assets and liabilities not previously identified or recognized in the acquisition accounting, and that recording a gain on bargain purchase was appropriate and required under U.S. GAAP.

Income tax expense

We are subject to income taxes in both the United States and foreign jurisdictions in which we operate. Differences between our effective tax rate and the U.S. federal income tax rate are primarily due to state taxes, foreign jurisdiction rate differences, permanent differences between book and tax income, and changes in the valuation allowance.

How We Evaluate our Results of Operations

We use a variety of financial and operating metrics to analyze our performance. These metrics are significant factors in assessing our results of operations and profitability and include:

• Revenues. Our revenues are generated from product sales, renting tools and from providing services related to the utilization of our products. One of our measures of financial performance is the amount of revenue generated quarterly and annually as revenue is an indicator of overall business growth for the Company.
• Operating Income. We track operating income on an absolute dollar basis and as a percentage of revenue. One of our measures of financial performance is the amount of operating income generated quarterly and annually, as operating income is an indicator of profit derived from our core business operations.
• Net Income. We track net income on an absolute dollar basis and as a percentage of revenue. One of our measures of financial performance is the amount of net income generated quarterly and annually as net income is an indicator of overall profitability of the Company.
• Adjusted EBITDA. Management uses Adjusted EBITDA (a non-GAAP measure) to assess the profitability of our business operations and to compare our operating performance to our competitors without regard to the impact of financing methods and capital structure and excluding costs that management believes do not reflect our ongoing operating performance, and for this reason we believe this measure will provide useful information to investors.

We track Adjusted EBITDA on an absolute dollar basis and as a percentage of revenue, which we refer to as Adjusted EBITDA Margin. We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income before interest expense, income tax expense, depreciation and amortization, (gain) loss on sale of assets, impairment of long-lived assets, and other expense (income), net, further adjusted to exclude certain items which we believe are not reflective of our ongoing performance or which are non-cash in nature. For a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income (loss), the most directly comparable GAAP measure, see “—Non-GAAP Financial Measures” below.

• Free Cash Flow. We utilize Free Cash Flow (a non-GAAP measure) to evaluate the cash generated by our operations and results of operations. We define Free Cash Flow as net cash provided by (or used by) operating activities less capital expenditures, as presented in our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Management believes Free Cash Flow is useful because it demonstrates the cash that was available in the period that was in excess of our needs to fund our capital expenditures. Free Cash Flow does not represent our residual cash flow available for discretionary expenditures, as we have non-discretionary expenditures, including, but not limited to, principal payments required under the terms of our Credit Facility, which are not deducted in calculating Free Cash Flow. For a reconciliation of Free Cash Flow to net cash provided by operating activities, the most directly comparable GAAP measure, see “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” below.
• Return on Capital Employed. We utilize Return on Capital Employed (“ROCE”) (a non-GAAP measure) to assess the effectiveness of our capital allocation over time and to compare our capital efficiency to our competitors, and for this reason we believe this measure will provide useful information to investors. We define ROCE as income from operations, before acquisition costs and after tax (resulting in adjusted income from operations, after tax) divided by average capital employed. Capital employed is defined as the combined values of debt and stockholders’ equity. For a reconciliation of ROCE to income from operations, the most directly comparable GAAP measure, see “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” below.

Adjusted EBITDA, Free Cash Flow and ROCE do not represent and should not be considered alternatives to, or more meaningful than, net income, income from operations, net cash provided by operating activities or any other measure of financial performance presented in accordance with GAAP as measures of our financial performance. Our computation of Adjusted EBITDA, Free Cash Flow and ROCE may differ from computations of similarly titled measures of other companies. For a reconciliation of these non-GAAP measures to the most directly comparable GAAP measure, see “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” below.

Factors Affecting the Comparability of Our Results of Operations

Our historical financial condition and results of operations for the periods presented may not be comparable, either from period to period or going forward, due to recent and future acquisitions. One way in which we have grown, and will continue to grow, our operations and financial results is through strategic acquisitions. In August 2022, Legacy Innovex acquired Pride, a company that complemented our well production and intervention product group. In May 2023, Legacy Innovex acquired 20% of DWS, a company that manufactures and rents engineered downhole tools designed to improve the performance of directional and horizontal drilling operations. In March of 2024, Legacy Innovex entered into the Merger Agreement with Dril-Quip, and the Merger was consummated on September 6, 2024. In November of 2024, we acquired the remaining 80% equity interest in DWS. As a general matter, following an acquisition, our results of operations are affected by the results of the newly acquired business or operations, the purchase accounting for the acquisition, any debt incurred in connection with the acquisition and expenditures made to integrate the newly acquired business or operations. As a result of our acquisitions and the consolidation of our operating subsidiaries’ into the Company’s financial results, the periods presented in our historical financial statements may not be comparable to one another and our future results of operations and financial results may differ. Additionally, as a result of the Merger, we expect to incur recurring administrative expenses related to being a publicly traded corporation that are not reflected in the historical Legacy Innovex’s financial statements.

Results of Operations

In Item 7, we discuss fiscal 2024 and 2023 results and comparisons of fiscal 2024 results to fiscal 2023 results. Discussions of fiscal 2022 results and comparisons of fiscal 2023 results to fiscal 2022 results can be found can be found in Amendment No. 2 to our Registration Statement on Form S-4, filed with the SEC on August 5, 2024.

The following table presents summary consolidated operating results for the periods presented:

(in thousands)

Year Ended December 31, 2024 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2023

Revenues. The Company generates revenue from product sales, rental of tools and services. Product sales revenue for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $527.4 million, an increase of $66.6 million from $460.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. Rental tools revenue for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $50.3 million, an increase of $19.0 million from $31.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. Service revenue for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $83.1 million, an increase of $19.7 million from $63.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Our NAM market revenue for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $361.1 million, a decrease of $5.0 million from $366.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, primarily driven by an increase in market share and incremental business operations due to the Merger and DWS acquisition. This was offset by a reduction in drilling activity in North America due to a decline in the North America land rig count during the comparative periods. Our International and Offshore market revenue for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $299.7 million, an increase of $110.3 million from $189.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, primarily attributable to increased business operations as a result of the Merger and DWS acquisition.

Cost of revenues. Total cost of revenues for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $428.2 million, an increase of $68.1 million from $360.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The change was primarily attributable to a $46.6 million increase in product cost of goods sold, and a $29.4 million increase in personnel expenses due to the Merger and DWS acquisition. This change was offset by a decrease of a net $11.2 million in variance, scrap and absorption expense due to reduced costing in lower cost geographies along with increased inventory absorption costs due to the Merger. The remaining difference is attributable to increases in facilities expense, general manufacturing expenses, and other miscellaneous costs.

Selling, general and administrative expenses. Selling, general and administrative expense for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $116.2 million, an increase of $43.4 million from $72.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The change was primarily attributable to a $21.2 million increase in salaries, wages and other payroll costs caused by increased headcounts due to the Merger, a $14.1 million increase in Employee Benefits costs primarily due to the payout of vested shares due to the closing of the Merger, offset by a decrease in bad debt expenses of $8.5 million primarily due to the recovery of previously reserved trade receivables, with the remaining change due to increases in professional services costs, business insurance, IT and other changes in selling, general and administrative expenses.

(Gain) loss on sale of assets. (Gain) loss on sale of assets for the years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was ($0.7) million and $0.1 million, respectively. The change during the two periods was due normal variations in property and equipment sales activity.

Depreciation and amortization. Total depreciation and amortization expense for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $31.2 million, an increase of $8.5 million from $22.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The change in depreciation and amortization was primarily due to additional depreciation for assets acquired related to the Merger, along with a $2.0 million increase in amortization for right of use finance leases due to an increase in our leases that are classified as finance leases during the comparative periods.

Impairment of long-lived assets. Long-lived asset impairment expense for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $3.5 million, an increase of $3.2 million from $0.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The change in long-lived asset impairment expense was due to a significant decrease in the market price of a right of use asset related to a building lease and a company owned building, which ultimately resulted in an impairment expense of $3.5 million for the combined assets in 2024.

Acquisition costs. Acquisition costs for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $33.3 million, an increase of $31.0 million from $2.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The change in acquisition costs was primarily due to the costs incurred in connection with the Merger and the acquisition of DWS.

Interest expense. Total interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $2.4 million, a decrease of $3.1 million from $5.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The change was primarily due to higher average debt balances outstanding during 2023 as compared to 2024 due to a continual paydown of our debt through the generation of operational cash flows throughout 2023 and 2024.

Other expense (income), net. Total other expense (income), net for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $0.3 million, a decrease of $0.1 million from $0.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, with the change primarily being due to the net change in our foreign currency exchange gains (losses).

Equity method earnings. Equity method earnings consist of the net earnings in DWS, along with the amortization of our proportional ownership interest in the step up of the fair value of the intangible assets acquired, during the period that DWS was accounted for as an equity method investee. Total equity method earnings, excluding the amortization of the step up in fair value, for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $3.9 million and $3.9 million, respectively. The amortization of the step up in the fair value of the intangible assets acquired for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $1.3 million and $1.0 million, respectively.

Gain on consolidation of equity method investment. Gain on consolidation of equity method investment for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $8.0 million and zero, respectively. The gain on consolidation of equity method investment for the year ended December 31, 2024 was related to the step acquisition of DWS. See the description for the gain on consolidation of equity method investment within section titled "Description of Certain Components of Financial Data" for further details.

Gain on bargain purchase. Gain on bargain purchase for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $85.8 million and zero, respectively. The gain on bargain purchase for the year ended December 31, 2024 was related to the Merger. See the description for the gain on bargain purchase within section titled "Description of Certain Components of Financial Data" for further details.

Income tax expense. Our operations are subject to U.S. federal income tax at an entity level, as well as various state and franchise taxes. In addition, our operations located in international jurisdictions are subject to local country income taxes. Income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $2.5 million, a decrease of $17.9 million from $20.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The change was primarily driven by changes in mix of income before income taxes by geography and tax jurisdiction, discrete items recorded in the year, and other non-deductible expenses. For the year ended December 31, 2024, income before taxes was $142.8 million, an increase of $48.4 million from $94.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, primarily due to the effect of the Gain on bargain purchase and the Gain on Consolidation of equity method investment discussed above, which are treated as permanent discrete adjustments for purposes of calculating income tax expense.

Net income. Net income for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $140.3 million, an increase of $66.4 million, from net income of $73.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, primarily as a result of the factors discussed above.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

See the section “How We Evaluate our Results of Operations” above for a definition of our non-GAAP financial measures.

Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin

The following table presents a reconciliation of the GAAP financial measure of net income (loss) and net income (loss) as a percentage of revenue to Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin, respectively, for each of the periods indicated:

(in thousands)

(1) Primarily represents foreign currency exchange gain/loss, gain/loss on lease terminations, and other non-operating items.

(2) For the year ended December 31, 2024, acquisition costs consisted of legal, accounting, advisory fees, and other integration costs associated with the Merger and the acquisition of the remaining equity interest in DWS. For the year ended December 31, 2023, acquisition costs consisted of legal, accounting, and advisory fees associated with the acquisition of our prior minority ownership interest in DWS along with other integration related expenses. These acquisition costs are one-time in nature and represent expenses that we do not view as normal operating expenses necessary to operate our business.

(3) Reflects the elimination of our percentage of interest expense, depreciation, amortization and other non-recurring expenses included within equity method earnings relating to our previously unconsolidated investment in DWS.

(4) Reflects legal, consulting and accounting fees and expenses related to the preparation of Legacy Innovex’s initial public offering.

Adjusted EBITDA for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $138.5 million, an increase of $6.7 million from $131.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The primary reason for the change was higher net income primarily attributable to the impact of acquisitions, increased demand for our products and services and improved operating leverage.

ROCE

The following table presents a reconciliation of the GAAP financial measure of income from operations to adjusted income from operations, after tax to ROCE for each of the periods indicated:

(in thousands)

ROCE for the year ended December 31, 2024 was 12%, a decrease from 22% for the year ended December 31, 2023. The primary reason for the decrease was an increase in average capital employed of $326.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2023, driven by an increase in average equity of $353.4 million primarily due to the effect of the Merger and the acquisition of DWS, and increased net income of the Company into retained earnings.

Free Cash Flow

The following table presents a reconciliation of the GAAP financial measure of net cash provided by operating activities to Free Cash Flow for each of the periods indicated:

(in thousands)

Free Cash Flow for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $79.8 million, an increase of $19.5 million, from $60.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The change was driven by an $17.6 million increase in cash provided by operating activities as described under "Cash Flows" below, and a $1.9 million decrease in capital expenditures necessary to support the growth of the business as described above.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our primary sources of liquidity are our existing cash, cash provided by operating activities, and borrowings under the Credit Facility. As of December 31, 2024, we had cash and restricted cash of $73.3 million and availability under the Revolver (as defined herein) of $77.6 million. Our total indebtedness was $35.4 million as of December 31, 2024.

Our principal liquidity needs have been, and are expected to continue to be, working capital, capital expenditures, debt service and potential mergers and acquisitions. Historically, capital expenditures have been relatively modest, with working capital being the predominant use of cash for the Company during periods of growth. We continuously evaluate our capital expenditures, and the amount we ultimately spend will depend on a number of factors, including, among other things, prevailing economic conditions, market conditions in the oil and natural gas industry, customers’ forecasts, demand volatility and company initiatives.

We have certain obligations related to debt maturities, finance leases and operating leases. As of December 31, 2024, we had $19.7 million of minimum non-cancelable lease obligations during 2025, comprised of $6.0 million of finance lease maturities and $13.7 million of non-cancelable operating lease obligations. For the periods after 2025, we have an additional $61.3 million of minimum non-cancelable lease obligations comprised of $5.2 million of finance lease maturities and $56.1 million of non-cancelable operating lease obligations. As of December 31, 2024, interest rates on our lease obligations ranged from 2.08% to 13.09%. See Note 11. Leases to our Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 for additional information. In addition, as of December 31, 2024, we had $5.0 million of debt maturities during 2025 comprised of $5.0 million of required amortization payments on our Term Loan (as defined herein). For the periods after 2025, for our Term Loan, we have an additional $6.4 million of debt maturities representing the remaining balance. Any outstanding balances under our Revolver (as defined herein) would become due and payable during 2026. Our effective interest rate on the Term Loan and Revolver for the year ended December 31, 2024 were 8.77% and 9.34%, respectively. See Note 9. Debt to our Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report for additional information.

We believe that our existing cash on hand, cash generated from operations and available capacity under the Revolver will be sufficient to meet our liquidity needs in the short and long-term. However, if work activity increases, we expect further working capital investment will be required. Our ability to satisfy our liquidity requirements depends on our future operating performance, which is affected by prevailing economic conditions, market conditions in the oil and natural gas industry, availability and cost of raw materials, and other factors, many of which are beyond our control.

Cash Flows

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods indicated:

(in thousands)

Year Ended December 31, 2024 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2023

Net cash provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $93.4 million, an increase of $17.6 million from $75.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The change in cash provided by operations was primarily driven by the following:

• an increase in net income of $66.4 million;
• changes in non-cash adjustments to net income from the comparative period as a result of a $11.3 million increase in stock compensation expense primarily due to the accelerated vesting of equity based awards, offset by a $85.8 million gain on bargain purchase as a result of the Merger, which was a non-cash equity based transaction, gain on consolidation on equity method investment, which was a non-cash fair value adjustment, along with other non-cash adjustments; and
• changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of assets acquired as part of the Merger and the acquisition of DWS, totaled $17.4 million, the primary drivers for the change, net of assets acquired as part of the Merger and the acquisition of DWS were a decrease in inventories of $12.4 million, a decrease in accounts payable of $12.7 million, offset by other changes in operating assets and liabilities acquired.

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $78.4 million, an increase of $110.9 million from ($32.4) million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The change in cash provided by (used in) investing activities was primarily due to $154.3 million of cash acquired from the Merger, offset by a $65.5 million payment for the acquisition of DWS during the fourth quarter of 2024.

Net cash used in financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2024 was ($103.1) million, an increase in cash used of $58.5 million from ($44.6) million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The change in cash used in financing activities is primarily related to the payment of $75.0 million in dividends, offset by a decrease of $14.6 million in net repayments on the Revolver, despite its continued pay down, and the payment of $10.2 million of taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards during the third quarter of 2024.

Credit Agreement

Legacy Innovex, Tercel Oilfield Products USA L.L.C., Top-Co Inc. and Pride (collectively, the “Original Borrowers”) entered into the Second Amended and Restated Revolving Credit, Term Loan, Guaranty and Security Agreement in June 2022 (as amended in November 2022, April 2023, December 2023, and June 2024, the “Credit Agreement”), with PNC Bank, National Association, as agent (the “Agent”), and the lenders party thereto. On September 6, 2024, the Company and TIW Corporation (collectively and together with the Original Borrowers, the “Borrowers”) joined the Credit Agreement as borrowers thereunder. The Credit Agreement provides for (i) a term loan tranche in a principal amount of the lesser of $25.0 million and a certain amount determined based, in part, on appraised values of certain assets of Legacy Innovex and certain of its subsidiaries (the “Term Loan”) and (ii) a revolving credit facility of up to $110.0 million with a $5.0 million sublimit for letters of credit and a $11.0 million swing loan (collectively, the “Revolver” and, together with the Term Loan, the “Credit Facility”).

As of December 31, 2024, the Credit Facility had a maturity date of June 10, 2026. The Term Loan is amortized in an amount equal to $1.25 million each quarter. Amounts borrowed under the Credit Facility are subject to an interest rate per annum equal to, at the Company’s option, either (a) an alternate base rate determined as the highest of (i) the base commercial lending rate of PNC Bank, National Association, (ii) the overnight federal funds rate (subject to a 0% floor) plus 0.5% and (iii) Daily Simple SOFR (as defined in the Credit Agreement) plus 1% (such base rate to be subject to a 0% floor) or (b) the forward-looking term rate based on the secured overnight financing rate (“SOFR”) for the applicable interest period two business days before such interest period divided by a number equal to 1.00 minus any SOFR reserve percentage (such term rate to be subject to a 0% floor), plus, in each case of clauses (a) and (b) above, an applicable margin of 0.75% for swing loans and alternate base rate revolving loans, 1.75% for term SOFR revolving loans, 1.00% for alternate base rate term loans and 2.00% for term SOFR term loans. Interest is payable monthly for alternate base rate loans and at the end of the applicable interest period for term SOFR loans (or quarterly if the applicable interest period is longer than three months).

In addition to paying interest on outstanding borrowings under the Credit Facility, the Company is required to pay a quarterly commitment fee to the lenders under the Credit Agreement equal to 0.25% per annum on the amount by which $110.0 million exceeds the daily unpaid balance of the Revolver plus any swing loans plus any undrawn amount of outstanding letters of credit under the Credit Agreement on any day.

The Credit Facility is secured by liens on substantially all of the assets of the Borrowers and certain future subsidiaries of Innovex and guarantees from certain future subsidiaries of Innovex. The Credit Facility requires the Borrowers to make mandatory prepayments on the outstanding amount of (i) the Term Loan in an amount equal to 25% of excess cash flow for each fiscal year, (ii) the Credit Facility if Borrowers issue debt other than certain permitted debt or, subject to certain exceptions, sell assets and (iii) the Term Loan and/or the Revolver if the Borrowers issue equity interests the proceeds of which are not used for certain purposes.

The Credit Agreement contains restrictive covenants that may limit our ability to, among other things, incur additional indebtedness, guarantee obligations, incur liens, make investments, loans or capital expenditures, sell or dispose of assets, enter into mergers or consolidations, enter into transactions with affiliates, or make or declare dividends. The Credit Agreement also requires the Borrowers to maintain as of the last day of each fiscal quarter, a total leverage ratio of not more than 2.50 to 1.00 for the four-quarter period then ending as long as the Term Loan is outstanding. In addition, the Credit Facility contains a springing covenant that requires the Borrowers to maintain, as of the last day of each fiscal quarter, a fixed charge coverage ratio of not less than 1.10 to 1.00 for the four quarter period then ending if (i) an event of default occurs and is continuing or (ii) the lesser of (x) the undrawn availability of the Revolver and (y) a certain amount determined based, in part, on appraised values of certain assets of Innovex and certain of its subsidiaries, is less than 20% of $110.0 million plus any increases to the maximum principal amount of the Revolver in accordance with the terms of the Credit Agreement. As of December 31, 2024, we were in compliance with all covenants under the Credit Facility.

If an event of default exists under the Credit Agreement, the lenders will be able to accelerate the maturity of the Credit Facility and exercise other rights and remedies. An event of default includes, among other things, the nonpayment of principal, interest, fees or other amounts, the failure of any representation or warranty to be correct when made or deemed made in all material respects, the failure to perform or observe covenants in the Credit Agreement or other loan documents, subject, in limited circumstances, to certain grace periods, a cross-default to certain other indebtedness if the effect of such default is to cause, or permit the holders of such indebtedness to cause, the acceleration of such indebtedness, the occurrence of bankruptcy or insolvency events, the rendering of material monetary judgments, the invalidity of any guaranty, security agreement or pledge agreement and the occurrence of a Change of Control (as defined in the Credit Agreement).

As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had $11.4 million and $17.7 million, respectively, of borrowings outstanding under the Term Loan, and $14.0 million and $23.2 million, respectively, of borrowings under the Revolver.

The consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement constituted a Change of Control (as defined in the Credit Agreement). In June 2024, Legacy Innovex, the other Original Borrowers, the Agent and the lenders party thereto entered into the Fourth Amendment to the Second A&R Credit Agreement, which permitted the change in control event, the payment of the cash dividend contemplated by the Merger Agreement, and the acquisition of 80% of the issued and outstanding equity securities of DWS not then owned by Legacy Innovex.

On February 27, 2025, we entered into the New Credit Agreement to replace the Credit Agreement. See Note 19. Subsequent Events to our Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report for more details.

Repurchase of Equity Securities

In conjunction with the Merger, effective as of the Closing Date, the Company maintained the share repurchase plans authorized by the Dril-Quip board of directors. Under the share repurchase plans, we were authorized to repurchase up to an aggregate $200 million of our common stock. The repurchase plans had no set expiration date and any repurchased shares were expected to be cancelled. Repurchases under the program were to be made through open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or plans, instructions or contracts established under Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act. The manner, timing and amount of any purchase were to be determined by management based on an evaluation of market conditions, stock price, liquidity and other factors. The program did not obligate the Company to acquire any particular amount of common stock and may be modified or superseded at any time at the Company’s discretion.

For the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company did not purchase any shares under the share repurchase plans. Refer to Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities for further discussion.

On February 25, 2025, our board of directors approved a new share repurchase program that authorizes repurchases of up to an aggregate of $100 million of our outstanding common stock and terminated all share repurchase plans previously authorized by the Dril-Quip board of directors. See Note 19. Subsequent Events to our Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report for more details.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

Currently, we do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a material current or future effect on the company’s financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, cash requirements or capital resources.

Business Segments

The Company operates in one reportable segment as our chief operating decision maker ("CODM") assesses performance and allocates resources based on financial information presented at a consolidated level.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is derived from the review of our consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP, which includes our interpretation of accounting guidance and application through accounting policies. The preparation of financial statements requires the use of judgments and estimates. Our critical accounting estimates are described below to provide a better understanding of how we develop our assumptions and judgments about future events and related estimates and how they can impact our financial statements. A critical accounting estimate is one that requires our most difficult, subjective or complex judgments and assessments and is fundamental to our results of operations.

We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions we believe to be reasonable according to the current facts and circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. We believe the following are the critical accounting estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements, as well as the significant estimates and judgments affecting the application of these policies. This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report.

Income Taxes

Deferred taxes are recorded using the asset and liability method, whereby tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the carrying amount and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax laws and rates expected to apply to taxable income in the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. We regularly evaluate the valuation allowances established for deferred tax assets for which future realization is uncertain. In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, we consider both positive and negative evidence, including scheduled reversals of deferred tax assets and liabilities, projected future taxable income, tax planning strategies and results of recent operations. If, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be realized, a valuation allowance is recorded. As of December 31, 2024, the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets was $53.3 million. The Company recognizes a tax benefit in our financial statements for an uncertain tax position only if management’s assessment is that the position is “more likely than not” (i.e., a likelihood greater than 50 percent) to be allowed by the tax jurisdiction based solely on the technical merits of the position.

The term “tax position” in the accounting standards for income taxes refers to a position in a previously filed tax return or a position expected to be taken in a future tax return that is reflected in measuring current or deferred income tax assets and liabilities for interim or annual periods. Our financial statements could be materially affected if: (i) our actual results differ significantly from our forecast estimates; (ii) there are future changes in enacted tax laws with retroactive application; or (iii) tax authorities do not agree with our application of the tax law to our circumstances and the matter is not ultimately resolved in our favor.

Business Combinations and Goodwill

We recognize and measure the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination based on their estimated fair values at the acquisition date. Goodwill represents the excess of purchase price paid by the Company over the fair market value of the net assets acquired. A bargain purchase occurs when the fair market value of net assets acquired is higher than the purchase price paid. Certain assumptions and estimates are employed in evaluating the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. These estimates may be affected by factors such as changing market conditions, technological advances in the oil and natural gas industry or changes in regulations governing that industry. The most significant assumptions requiring judgment involve identifying and estimating the fair value of inventory, fixed assets and intangible assets. To finalize purchase accounting for significant acquisitions, we utilize the services of independent valuation specialists to assist in the determination of the fair value of acquired assets.

Impairments

We evaluate our property and equipment and identifiable intangible assets for impairment whenever changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset group may not be recoverable or if there are potential indicators of impairment. We also perform an annual impairment analysis of goodwill as of December 31st, or whenever there is a triggering event that indicates an impairment loss may have been incurred. Estimating future net cash flows requires us to make judgments regarding long-term forecasts of future revenues and costs related to the assets subject to review. These forecasts are uncertain in that they require assumptions about our revenue growth, operating margins, capital expenditures, future market conditions and technological developments. In addition, if we are required to determine the fair value of our reporting units to test goodwill for impairment, we must apply estimates, assumptions, and judgment regarding revenue growth, operating margins, capital expenditures, future market conditions, weighted average costs of capital and terminal growth rate, and we must evaluate the metrics of a deemed set of comparable companies and market earnings multiples. Actual results may not align with these assumptions, and our expectations regarding future net cash flows may change such that a material impairment could result.

In the second quarter of 2024, Legacy Innovex identified a significant decrease in the fair values of a right of use asset related to a building lease and a company owned building for which the carrying values are held in Right of use assets - operating and Property and equipment, net, respectively, in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Legacy Innovex received third-party quoted market prices for both assets; based on this market information, Legacy Innovex determined that the carrying value of both assets was not recoverable and exceeded their fair values. Legacy Innovex then measured the impairment losses by comparing the carrying values with the current third-party quoted market prices resulting in a total impairment of $3.0 million and $0.5 million for the operating lease right of use asset and the company owned building, respectively.

We believe that the estimates and assumptions used in our impairment assessments are reasonable. However, if market conditions change dramatically, the impact on our forecasts and projections may be significant which could result in future impairments for our reportable units with long-term assets including goodwill.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to our Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.

Our financial position is exposed to a variety of risks, including commodity price risk, foreign currency exchange rate risk, and interest rate risk. The Company does not engage in any material hedging transactions, forward contracts or currency trading which could mitigate the market risks inherent in such transactions.

Commodity Price Risk

The market for our products and services is indirectly exposed to fluctuations in the prices of oil and natural gas to the extent such fluctuations impact drilling and completion activity levels and thus impact the activity levels of our customers in the exploration and production industry. Additionally, because we do not sell our products under long-term contracts, we believe that we are particularly exposed to short-term fluctuations in the prices of oil and natural gas.

Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk

A portion of our revenues are derived internationally and, accordingly, our competitiveness and financial results may be impacted by foreign currency fluctuations where revenues and costs are denominated in local currencies rather than U.S. dollars. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Risks Related to our Business” in this Annual Report for further details on our foreign currency exchange risk.

Interest Rate Risk

We are primarily exposed to interest rate risk through the Revolver and Term Loan. As of December 31, 2024, we had variable rate debt outstanding consisting of $11.4 million under the Term Loan and $14.0 million under the Revolver which bear interest at an adjusted SOFR rate plus an applicable margin or at the alternate base rate plus an applicable margin.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act as of December 31, 2024. Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

As further discussed below in “Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting”, management excluded (1) Legacy Innovex and (2) DWS from its assessment of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024. In light of the overlap between a company's disclosure controls and procedures and its internal control over financial reporting, our evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures excludes an assessment of those disclosure controls and procedures of Legacy Innovex and DWS that are subsumed by internal control over financial reporting. Dril-Quip's total assets and revenues included in management's assessment represent approximately 40% and 22%, respectively, of the related financial statement amounts as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024. DWS’s total assets and revenues excluded from management's assessment represent 12% and 1%, respectively, of the related consolidated financial statement amounts as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024. See also “Material Weaknesses Previously Identified Related to Legacy Innovex”.

Based on the evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level as of December 31, 2024.

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and Rule 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by or under the supervision of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of our financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

On September 6, 2024, Dril-Quip and Legacy Innovex completed the Merger. Dril-Quip was the legal acquirer in the Merger; Legacy Innovex was the accounting acquirer in the Merger under U.S. GAAP. Prior to the Merger, Legacy Innovex was a privately-held company and was not subject to the rules and regulations of the SEC regarding compliance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (“Section 404 of SOX”), while Dril-Quip was a publicly traded company subject to Section 404 of SOX. For all filings under the Exchange Act after the Merger, the historical financial statements of the Company for the periods prior to the Merger are and will be those of Legacy Innovex. The activities of Dril-Quip are and will be included in the Company’s financial statements for all periods subsequent to the Merger.

As the Merger occurred during the third quarter of 2024, and Legacy Innovex was not previously subject to Section 404 of SOX, management concluded there was insufficient time for management to complete its assessment of the internal control over financial reporting related to Legacy Innovex, and, therefore, the Legacy Innovex internal control over financial reporting was excluded from management’s assessment of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024. Dril-Quip's total assets and revenues represent approximately 40% and 22%, respectively, of the related financial statement amounts as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Additionally, management has excluded DWS from its assessment of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024 as the Company purchased the remaining 80% of the entity in a step acquisition in November 2024. DWS is a wholly-owned subsidiary whose total assets and revenues represent 12% and 1%, respectively, of the related consolidated financial statement amounts as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Our management, with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on the criteria set forth by the Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Management concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2024. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

The effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report, which is included elsewhere in this Annual Report.

Material Weaknesses Previously Identified Related to Legacy Innovex

A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the Company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. As described above, Legacy Innovex was excluded from management’s assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024. However, prior to the Merger, Legacy Innovex management identified the following material weaknesses in its internal control over financial reporting, which management of the Company concluded continued to exist as of December 31, 2024: (1) Legacy Innovex did not design and maintain effective controls related to the accounting for income taxes at a sufficient level of precision or rigor; and (2) Legacy Innovex failed to employ personnel with adequate expertise to identify and evaluate complex income tax accounting matters. These material weaknesses resulted in audit adjustments to Legacy Innovex’s consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023 for deferred tax assets and liabilities, the income tax valuation allowance and related disclosures. Additionally, these material weaknesses could result in misstatements of the aforementioned account balances or disclosures that would result in a material misstatement to the annual or interim consolidated financial statements that would not be prevented or detected.

Management’s Plan to Remediate the Legacy Innovex Material Weaknesses

Our management is implementing remediation steps to improve our internal control over financial reporting. Specifically, we are implementing the following steps to remediate the material weaknesses:

• We have hired additional tax personnel with adequate expertise to identify and evaluate complex income tax accounting matters.
• We have engaged an accounting advisory firm to assist with the documentation, evaluation, remediation, and testing of the relevant internal controls related to the accounting for income taxes.
• We are in the process of designing, implementing, and operating sufficiently precise controls to ensure timely and accurate preparation, review, and reporting of the income tax provision and the income tax disclosures in our consolidated financial statements.

Remediation of Previously Identified Dril-Quip Material Weakness

In addition to Legacy Innovex's material weaknesses discussed above that continue to exist, Dril-Quip previously identified a material weakness wherein we did not design and maintain effective controls over the financial statement classification of inventory write-downs related to restructurings. As of December 31, 2024, management has concluded that this previously identified material weakness has been remediated through the operation of the necessary previously designed and implemented Legacy Innovex controls to ensure appropriate financial statement classification in the event of a significant and unusual transaction, such as a restructuring.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

As described above, the Merger was completed on September 6, 2024, which represented a change in internal control over financial reporting. During the quarter ended December 31, 2024, following becoming a public company as a result of the reverse merger, we began integrating our financial reporting processes of the business with Dril-Quip’s processes and are implementing additional closing procedures to enable our financial reporting process. The processes and controls for significant areas including business combinations, income taxes, treasury, consolidations and the preparation of financial statements and related disclosures, and entity level controls have been substantially impacted by the ongoing integration activities. The primary changes in these areas are related to the consolidation of process owner leadership and control owners, and where required, the modification of inputs, processes and associated systems. For all areas of change noted, management believes the control design and implementation thereof are being appropriately modified to address underlying risks. Other than such changes, there were no other changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rule 13a-15(d) and 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act that occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.