MidCap Financial Investment Corp: Form 10-Q for the period ended Mar 31, 2025

The following analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and the notes thereto contained elsewhere in this report. Some of the statements in this report constitute forward-looking statements, which relate to future events or our future performance or financial condition. The forward-looking statements contained herein involve risks and uncertainties, including statements as to:

• our future operating results;
• our business prospects and the prospects of our portfolio companies;
• the impact of investments that we expect to make;
• our contractual arrangements and relationships with third parties;
• the dependence of our future success on the general economy and its impact on the industries in which we invest;
• the ability of our portfolio companies to achieve their objectives;
• our expected financings and investments;
• the adequacy of our cash resources and working capital; and
• the timing of cash flows, if any, from the operations of our portfolio companies.

We generally use words such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “expects,” “intends” and similar expressions to identify forward-looking statements. Our actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements for any reason, including any factors set forth in “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this report.

We have based the forward-looking statements included in this report on information available to us on the date of this report, and we assume no obligation to update any such forward-looking statements. Although we undertake no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, you are advised to consult any additional disclosures that we may make directly to you or through reports that we in the future may file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), including any annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K.

Overview

MidCap Financial Investment Corporation (the “Company,” “MFIC,” “we,” “us,” or “our”) was incorporated under the Maryland General Corporation Law in February 2004. We have elected to be treated as a business development company (“BDC”) under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “1940 Act”). As such, we are required to comply with certain regulatory requirements. For instance, we generally have to invest at least 70% of our total assets in “qualifying assets,” including securities of private or thinly traded public U.S. companies, cash equivalents, U.S. government securities and high-quality debt investments that mature in one year or less. In addition, for federal income tax purposes we have elected to be treated as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). Pursuant to this election and assuming we qualify as a RIC, we generally do not have to pay corporate-level federal income taxes on any income we distribute to our stockholders. We commenced operations on April 8, 2004 upon completion of our initial public offering that raised $870 million in net proceeds from selling 62 million shares of common stock at a price of $15.00 per share (20.7 million shares at a price of $45.00 per share adjusted for the one-for-three reverse stock split). Since then, and through March 31, 2025, we have raised approximately $2.68 billion in net proceeds from additional offerings of common stock and we have repurchased common stock for $254.2 million.

Apollo Investment Management, L.P. (the “Investment Adviser” or “AIM”) is our investment adviser and an affiliate of Apollo Global Management, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries (“AGM”). The Investment Adviser, subject to the overall supervision of our Board of Directors (the “Board”), manages the day-to-day operations of, and provides investment advisory services to the Company. AGM and other affiliates manage other funds that may have investment mandates that are similar, in whole or in part, with ours. AIM and its affiliates may determine that an investment is appropriate both for us and for one or more of those other funds. In such event, depending on the availability of such investment and other appropriate factors, AIM may determine that we should invest on a side-by-side basis with one or more other funds. We make all such investments subject to compliance with applicable regulations and interpretations, and our allocation procedures. Certain types of negotiated co-investments may be made only in accordance with the terms of the exemptive order (the “Order”) we received from the SEC permitting us to do so. Under the terms of the Order, a “required majority” (as defined in Section 57(o) of the 1940 Act) of our independent directors must be able to reach certain conclusions in connection with a co-investment transaction, including that (1) the terms of the proposed transaction are reasonable and fair to us and our stockholders and do not involve overreaching of us or our stockholders on the part of any person concerned, and (2) the transaction is consistent with the interests of our stockholders and is consistent with our Board’s approved criteria. In certain situations where co-investment with one or more funds managed by AIM or its affiliates is not covered by the Order, the personnel of AIM or its affiliates will need to decide which fund will proceed with the investment. Such personnel will make these determinations based on allocation policies and procedures, which are designed to reasonably ensure that investment opportunities are allocated fairly and equitably among affiliated funds over time and in a manner that is consistent with applicable laws, rules and regulations. The Order is subject to certain terms and conditions so there can be no assurance that we will be permitted to co-invest with certain of our affiliates other than in the circumstances currently permitted by regulatory guidance and the Order.

Apollo Investment Administration, LLC (the “Administrator” or “AIA”), an affiliate of AGM, provides, among other things, administrative services and facilities for the Company. In addition to furnishing us with office facilities, equipment, and clerical, bookkeeping and recordkeeping services, AIA also oversees our financial records as well as prepares our reports to stockholders and reports filed with the SEC. AIA also performs the calculation and publication of our net asset value, the payment of our expenses and oversees the performance of various third-party service providers and the preparation and filing of our tax returns. Furthermore, AIA provides on our behalf managerial assistance to those portfolio companies to which we are required to provide such assistance.

Investments

Our investment objective is to generate current income and, to a lesser extent, long-term capital appreciation. We primarily invest in directly originated and privately negotiated first lien senior secured loans to privately held U.S. middle-market companies, which the Company generally defines as companies with less than $75 million in EBITDA, as may be adjusted for market disruptions, mergers and acquisitions-related charges and synergies, and other items. To a lesser extent, we may invest in other types of securities including, first lien unitranche, second lien senior secured, unsecured, subordinated, and mezzanine loans, and equities in both private and public middle market companies.

Our level of investment activity can and does vary substantially from period to period depending on many factors, including the amount of debt and equity capital available to middle-market companies, the level of merger and acquisition activity for such companies, the general economic environment, the competitive environment for the types of investments we make. As a BDC, we must not acquire any assets other than “qualifying assets” specified in the 1940 Act unless, at the time the acquisition is made, at least 70% of our total assets are qualifying assets (with certain limited exceptions). As of March 31, 2025, non-qualifying assets represented approximately 8.5% of the total assets of the Company.

Revenue

We generate revenue primarily in the form of interest and dividend income from the securities we hold and capital gains, if any, on investment securities that we may acquire in portfolio companies. Our debt investments, whether in the form of mezzanine or senior secured loans, generally have a stated term of five to ten years and bear interest at a fixed rate or a floating rate usually determined on the basis of a benchmark, such as SOFR, the federal funds rate, or the prime rate. Interest on debt securities is generally payable quarterly or semiannually and while U.S. subordinated debt and corporate notes typically accrue interest at fixed rates, some of our investments may include zero coupon and/or step-up bonds that accrue income on a constant yield to call or maturity basis. In addition, some of our investments provide for payment-in-kind (“PIK”) interest or dividends. Such amounts of accrued PIK interest or dividends are added to the cost of the investment on the respective capitalization dates and generally become due at maturity of the investment or upon the investment being called by the issuer. We may also generate revenue in the form of commitment, origination, structuring fees, fees for providing managerial assistance and, if applicable, consulting fees, etc.

Expenses

For all investment professionals of AIM and their staff, when and to the extent engaged in providing investment advisory and management services to us, the compensation and routine overhead expenses of that personnel which is allocable to those services are provided and paid for by AIM. We bear all other costs and expenses of our operations and transactions, including those relating to:

• investment advisory and management fees;
• expenses incurred by AIM payable to third parties, including agents, consultants or other advisors, in monitoring our financial and legal affairs and in monitoring our investments and performing due diligence on our prospective portfolio companies;
• calculation of our net asset value (including the cost and expenses of any independent valuation firm);
• direct costs and expenses of administration, including independent registered public accounting and legal costs;
• costs of preparing and filing reports or other documents with the SEC;
• interest payable on debt, if any, incurred to finance our investments;
• offerings of our common stock and other securities;
• registration and listing fees;
• fees payable to third parties, including agents, consultants or other advisors, relating to, or associated with, evaluating and making investments;
• transfer agent and custodial fees;
• taxes;
• independent directors’ fees and expenses;
• marketing and distribution-related expenses;
• the costs of any reports, proxy statements or other notices to stockholders, including printing and postage costs;
• our allocable portion of the fidelity bond, directors and officers/errors and omissions liability insurance, and any other insurance premiums;
• organizational costs; and
• all other expenses incurred by us or the Administrator in connection with administering our business, such as our allocable portion of overhead under the administration agreement, including rent and our allocable portion of the cost of our Chief Financial Officer, Chief Legal Officer and Chief Compliance Officer and their respective staffs.

We expect our general and administrative operating expenses related to our ongoing operations to increase moderately in dollar terms. During periods of asset growth, we generally expect our general and administrative operating expenses to decline as a percentage of our total assets and increase during periods of asset declines. Incentive fees, interest expense and costs relating to future offerings of securities, among others, may also increase or reduce overall operating expenses based on portfolio performance, interest rate benchmarks, and offerings of our securities relative to comparative periods, among other factors.

Portfolio and Investment Activity

Our portfolio and investment activity during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, was as follows:

* Totals may not foot due to rounding.

(1) Includes investments acquired from the Mergers.

Our portfolio composition and weighted average yields as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were as follows:

(1) An investor’s yield may be lower than the portfolio yield due to sales loads and other expenses.

(2) Exclusive of investments on non-accrual status.

(3) Inclusive of all income generating investments, non-income generating investments and investments on non-accrual status.

(4) The interest rate type information is calculated using the Company's corporate debt portfolio and excludes aviation and investments on non-accrual status.

Since the initial public offering of the Company in April 2004 and through March 31, 2025, invested capital totaled $25.9 billion in 814 portfolio companies. Over the same period, the Company completed transactions with more than 100 different financial sponsors.

Recent Developments

None.

Critical Accounting Estimates

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses, gains and losses. Changes in the economic environment, financial markets, credit worthiness of portfolio companies and any other parameters used in determining such estimates could cause actual results to differ materially. In addition to the discussion below, our significant accounting policies are further described in the notes to the consolidated financial statements.

Fair Value Measurements

The Company follows guidance in ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement (“ASC 820”), where fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value measurements are determined within a framework that establishes a three-tier hierarchy which maximizes the use of observable market data and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs to establish a classification of fair value measurements for disclosure purposes. Inputs refer broadly to the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about risk, such as the risk inherent in a particular valuation technique used to measure fair value using a pricing model and/or the risk inherent in the inputs for the valuation technique. Inputs may be observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s own assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on the information available. The inputs or methodology used for valuing assets or liabilities may not be an indication of the risks associated with investing in those assets or liabilities.

ASC 820 classifies the inputs used to measure these fair values into the following hierarchy:

Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities, accessible by us at the measurement date.

Level 2: Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, or quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or other observable inputs other than quoted prices.

Level 3: Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.

In all cases, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety falls has been determined based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to each investment. The level assigned to the investment valuations may not be indicative of the risk or liquidity associated with investing in such investments. Because of the inherent uncertainties of valuation, the values reflected in the consolidated financial statements may differ materially from the values that would be received upon an actual disposition of such investments.

As of March 31, 2025, $3.11 billion or 97.5% of the Company’s investments were classified as Level 3. The high proportion of Level 3 investments relative to our total investments is directly related to our investment philosophy and target portfolio, which consists primarily of long-term secured debt, as well as unsecured and mezzanine positions of private middle-market companies. A fundamental difference exists between our investments and those of comparable publicly traded fixed income investments, namely high-yield bonds, and this difference affects the valuation of our private investments relative to comparable publicly traded instruments.

Senior secured loans, or senior loans, are higher in the capital structure than high-yield bonds, and are typically secured by assets of the borrowing company. This improves their recovery prospects in the event of default and affords senior loans a structural advantage over high-yield bonds. Many of the Company’s investments are also privately negotiated and contain covenant protections that limit the issuer to take actions that could harm us as a creditor. High-yield bonds typically do not contain such covenants.

Given the structural advantages of capital seniority and covenant protection, the valuation of our private debt portfolio is driven more by investment specific credit factors than movements in the broader debt capital markets. Each security is evaluated individually and as indicated below, we value our private investments based upon a multi-step valuation process, including valuation recommendations from independent valuation firms.

Investment Valuation Process

Pursuant to Rule 2a-5 under the 1940 Act, the Company’s Board has designated the Investment Adviser as its “valuation designee” to perform the fair value determinations for all investments held by the Company. The Company's Board continues to be responsible for overseeing the processes for determining fair valuation.

Under the Company's valuation policies and procedures, the Investment Adviser values investments, including certain secured debt, unsecured debt, and other debt securities with maturities greater than 60 days, for which market quotations are readily available, at such market quotations (unless they are deemed not to represent fair value). We attempt to obtain market quotations from at least two brokers or dealers (if available, otherwise from a principal market maker, primary market dealer or other independent pricing service). We utilize mid-market pricing as a practical expedient for fair value unless a different point within the range is more representative. If and when market quotations are unavailable or are deemed not to represent fair value, we typically utilize independent third party valuation firms to assist us in determining fair value. Accordingly, such investments go through our multi-step valuation process as described below. In each case, our independent third party valuation firms consider observable market inputs together with significant unobservable inputs in arriving at their valuation recommendations for such investments. Investments purchased within the quarter before the valuation date and debt investments with remaining maturities of 60 days or less may each be valued at cost with interest accrued or discount accreted/premium amortized to the date of maturity (although they are typically valued at available market quotations), unless such valuation, in the judgment of our Investment Adviser, does not represent fair value. In this case, such investments shall be valued at fair value as determined in good faith by or under the direction of the Investment Adviser, including using market quotations where available. Investments that are not publicly traded or whose market quotations are not readily available are valued at fair value as determined in good faith by or under the direction of the Investment Adviser. Such determination of fair values may involve subjective judgments and estimates.

With respect to investments for which market quotations are not readily available or when such market quotations are deemed not to represent fair value, our Investment Adviser undertakes a multi-step valuation process each quarter, as described below:

1. Our quarterly valuation process begins with each portfolio company or investment being initially valued by using certain inputs provided, among others, by the investment professionals of our Investment Adviser who are responsible for the portfolio investment.

2. Preliminary valuation conclusions are then documented and discussed with senior management of our Investment Adviser.

3. The Investment Adviser discusses valuations and determines in good faith the fair value of each investment in our portfolio based on the input of the applicable independent valuation firm.

4. For Level 3 investments entered into within the current quarter, the cost (purchase price adjusted for accreted original issue discount/amortized premium) or any recent comparable trade activity on the security investment shall be considered to reasonably approximate the fair value of the investment, provided that no material change has since occurred in the issuer’s business, significant inputs or the relevant environment.

Investments determined by these valuation procedures which have a fair value of less than $1 million during the prior fiscal quarter may be valued based on inputs identified by the Investment Adviser without the necessity of obtaining valuation from an independent valuation firm, if once annually an independent valuation firm using the procedures described herein provides an independent assessment of value.

Investments in all asset classes are valued utilizing a market approach, an income approach, or both approaches, as appropriate. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities (including a business). The income approach uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts (for example, cash flows or earnings) to a single present amount (discounted). The measurement is based on the value indicated by current market expectations about those future amounts. In following these approaches, the types of factors that we may take into account in fair value pricing our investments include, as relevant: available current market data, including relevant and applicable market trading and transaction comparables, applicable market yields and multiples, security covenants, seniority of investment in the investee company’s capital structure, call protection provisions, information rights, the nature and realizable value of any collateral, the portfolio company’s ability to make payments, its earnings and discounted cash flows, the markets in which the portfolio company does business, comparisons of financial ratios of peer companies that are public, M&A comparables, our principal market (as the reporting entity) and enterprise values, among other factors. When readily available, broker quotations and/or quotations provided by pricing services are considered as an input in the valuation process. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, there were no significant changes to the Company’s valuation techniques and related inputs considered in the valuation process.

Because there is not a readily available market value for most of the investments in our portfolio, substantially all of our portfolio investments are valued at fair value as determined in good faith by our investment adviser, as the valuation designee, as described herein. Due to the inherent uncertainty of determining the fair value of investments that do not have a readily available market value, the fair value of our investments may fluctuate from period to period. Additionally, the fair value of our investments may differ significantly from the values that would have been used had an active market existed for such investments and may differ materially from the values that we may ultimately realize.

In addition, changes in the market environment and other events that may occur over the life of the investments may cause the gains or losses ultimately realized on these investments to be different than the unrealized gains or losses reflected in the valuations currently assigned.

Results of Operations

Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 were as follows:

* Totals may not foot due to rounding.

(1) Based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding for the period presented.

Total Investment Income

For the three months ended March 31, 2025 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024

The increase in total investment income for the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024 was primarily driven by increase in interest income (including PIK) of $11.5 million. The increase in total interest income was due to a higher income-bearing investment portfolio, primarily related to the assets acquired in the Mergers. This was partially offset by a decrease in the average yield for the total debt portfolio, from 12.0% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 to 10.7% for the three months ended March 31, 2025.

Net Expenses

For the three months ended March 31, 2025 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024

Net expenses increased by $4.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024, primarily driven by the increase in interest and other debt expenses of $4.3 million. The increase in interest and other debt expenses was attributed to an increase in average debt outstanding, from $1.4 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2024 to $1.8 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2025. This was partially offset by the decrease in the total annualized cost of debt, from 7.65% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 to 6.83% for the three months ended March 31, 2025. Management and performance based incentive fee has increased $2.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024. The increase was due to increase in yielding portfolio due to the Mergers.

Net Realized Gains (Losses)

For the three months ended March 31, 2025 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, we recognized gross realized gains of $4.5 million and gross realized losses of $1.4 million, resulting in net realized gains of $3.1 million. Net realized gains for the three months ended March 31, 2025 were primarily due to the exit of Orgain, Inc. and the partial exit of Heubach. Significant realized gains (losses) for the three months ended March 31, 2025 are summarized below:

(in millions)

*Orgain, Inc was sold during the quarter and the realized gain was previously recorded as an unrealized gain.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, we recognized gross realized gains of $0.6 million and gross realized losses of $8.7 million, resulting in net realized losses of $8.1 million. Net realized losses for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was primarily driven by the write off of the Company's investment in ViewRay. Significant realized gains (losses) for the three months ended March 31, 2024 are summarized below:

(in millions)

Net Change in Unrealized Gains (Losses)

For the three months ended March 31, 2025 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, we recognized gross unrealized gains of $12.5 million and gross unrealized losses of $19.5 million, including the impact of transferring unrealized to realized gains (losses), resulting in net change in unrealized losses in investments of $7.0 million. Net change in unrealized gains (losses) for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was primarily driven by the underperformance of Renovo, AVAD, LLC and Modern Campus, the recent restructure in Mitel Networks and the sale of Orgain, Inc. The change in unrealized losses were partially offset by an increase in Merx equity, expected sale proceedings of The Club Company, performance improvement in Congruex and recent equity infusion in the Sequential Brands Inc. Significant changes in unrealized gains (losses) for the three months ended March 31, 2025 are summarized below:

(in millions)

*Orgain, Inc was sold during the quarter and the realized gain was previously recorded as an unrealized gain.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, we recognized gross unrealized gains of $20.1 million and gross unrealized losses of $15.1 million, including the impact of transferring unrealized to realized gains (losses), resulting in net change in unrealized gains of $5.0 million. Net change in unrealized gains (losses) for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was primarily driven by the increase in cashflows and new lease extentions from Merx Aviation Finance, LLC, and underperformance of US Auto, International Cruise & Excursion Gallery, Naviga and ChyronHego. Significant changes in unrealized gains (losses) for the three months ended March 31, 2024 are summarized below:

(in millions)

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Company’s liquidity and capital resources are generated and generally available through periodic follow-on equity and debt offerings, our Senior Secured Facility (as defined in Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements), our senior secured notes, our senior unsecured notes, investments in special purpose entities in which we hold and finance particular investments on a non-recourse basis, as well as from cash flows from operations, investment sales of liquid assets and repayments of senior and subordinated loans and income earned from investments.

We believe that our current cash and cash equivalents on hand, our short-term investments, proceeds from the sale of our 2025 Notes, 2026 Notes, 2028 Notes and Bethesda CLO 1, our available borrowing capacity under our Senior Secured Facility and our anticipated cash flows from operations will be adequate to meet our cash needs for our daily operations for at least the next twelve months.

Cash Equivalents

The Company defines cash equivalents as securities that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Generally, only securities with a maturity of three months or less from the date of purchase would qualify, with limited exceptions. The Company deems that certain money market funds, U.S. Treasury bills, repurchase agreements and other high-quality, short-term debt securities would qualify as cash equivalents (See Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements). At the end of each fiscal quarter, we consider taking proactive steps utilizing cash equivalents with the objective of enhancing our investment flexibility during the following quarter, pursuant to Section 55 of the 1940 Act. More specifically, we may purchase U.S. Treasury bills from time-to-time on the last business day of the quarter and typically close out that position on the following business day, settling the sale transaction on a net cash basis with the purchase, subsequent to quarter end. The Company may also utilize repurchase agreements or other balance sheet transactions, including drawing down on our Senior Secured Facility, as we deem appropriate.

Debt

See Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements for information on the Company’s debt.

The following table shows the contractual maturities of our debt obligations as of March 31, 2025:

(in millions)

(1) As of March 31, 2025, aggregate lender commitments under the Senior Secured Facility totaled $1.66 billion and $547.8 million of unused capacity. As of March 31, 2025, there were $6.2 million of letters of credit issued under the Senior Secured Facility as shown as part of total commitments in Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements.

Stockholders’ Equity

See Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements for information on the Company’s public offerings and share repurchase plans.

Equity Issuances

We may from time to time issue and sell shares of our common stock through public or at-the-market ("ATM”) offerings. On August 13, 2024, we entered into (i) an equity distribution agreement by and among us, the Investment Adviser, the Administrator and Truist Securities, Inc. (“Truist”) and (ii) an equity distribution agreement by and among us, the Investment Adviser, the Administrator and Jefferies LLC (“Jefferies,” and together with Truist, the “Sales Agents”). The equity distribution agreements with Sales Agents described in the preceding sentence are collectively referred to herein as the “Equity Distribution Agreements.” For further details regarding the Equity Distribution Agreements, see Note 7 "Stockholders’ Equity—Equity Issuances — At-the-market (“ATM”) Offering” to our consolidated financial statements included in this report.

Distributions

Distributions paid to stockholders during the three months ended March 31, 2025 totaled $35.6 million ($0.38 per share). Distributions paid to stockholders during the three months ended March 31, 2024 totaled $24.8 million ($0.38 per share). For income tax purposes, distributions made to stockholders are reported as ordinary income, capital gains, non-taxable return of capital, or a combination thereof. Although the tax character of distributions paid to stockholders through March 31, 2025 may include return of capital, the exact amount cannot be determined at this point. The final determination of the tax character of distributions will not be made until we file our tax return for the tax year ended December 31, 2025. Tax characteristics of all distributions will be reported to stockholders on Form 1099 after the end of the calendar year. Our quarterly distributions, if any, will be determined by our Board.

To maintain our RIC status, we must distribute at least 90% of our ordinary income and realized net short-term capital gains in excess of realized net long-term capital losses, if any, out of the assets legally available for distribution. Although we currently intend to distribute realized net capital gains (i.e., net long-term capital gains in excess of short-term capital losses), if any, at least annually, out of the assets legally available for such distributions, we may in the future decide to retain such capital gains for investment. Currently, we have substantial net capital loss carryforwards and consequently do not expect to generate cumulative net capital gains in the foreseeable future.

We maintain an “opt out” dividend reinvestment plan for our common stockholders. As a result, if we declare a dividend, then stockholders’ cash dividends will be automatically reinvested in additional shares of our common stock, unless they specifically “opt out” of the dividend reinvestment plan so as to receive cash dividends.

We may not be able to achieve operating results that will allow us to make distributions at a specific level or to increase the amount of these distributions from time to time. In addition, due to the asset coverage test applicable to us as a BDC, we may in the future be limited in our ability to make distributions. Also, our revolving credit facility may limit our ability to declare dividends if we default under certain provisions or fail to satisfy certain other conditions. If we do not distribute a certain percentage of our income annually, we may suffer adverse tax consequences, including possible loss of the tax benefits available to us as a RIC. In addition, in accordance with GAAP and tax regulations, we include in income certain amounts that we have not yet received in cash, such as contractual PIK, which represents contractual interest added to the loan balance that becomes due at the end of the loan term, or the accrual of original issue or market discount. Since we may recognize income before or without receiving cash representing such income, we may not be able to meet the requirement to distribute at least 90% of our investment company taxable income to obtain tax benefits as a RIC.

With respect to the distributions to stockholders, income from origination, structuring, closing, commitment and other upfront fees associated with investments in portfolio companies is treated as taxable income and accordingly, distributed to stockholders.

PIK Income

For the three months ended March 31, 2025, PIK income totaled $3.5 million on total investment income of $78.7 million. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, PIK income totaled $2.0 million on total investment income of $68.3 million. In order to maintain the Company’s status as a RIC, this non-cash source of income must be paid out to stockholders annually in the form of distributions, even though the Company has not yet collected the cash. See Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements for more information on the Company’s PIK income.

Related Party Transactions

See Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements for information on the Company’s related party transactions.

We are subject to financial market risks, including changes in interest rates and the valuations of our investment portfolio.

Investment Valuation Risk

Because there is not a readily available market value for most of the investments in our portfolio, we value all of our portfolio investments at fair value as determined in good faith by our Board based on, among other things, the input of our management and audit committee and independent valuation firms that have been engaged at the direction of our Board to assist in the valuation of each portfolio investment without a readily available market quotation (with certain de minimis exceptions). Due to the inherent uncertainty of determining the fair value of investments that do not have a readily available market value, the fair value of our investments may fluctuate from period to period. Additionally, the fair value of our investments may differ significantly from the values that would have been used had a ready market existed for such investments and may differ materially from the values that we may ultimately realize. Further, such investments are generally subject to legal and other restrictions on resale or otherwise are less liquid than publicly traded securities. If we were required to liquidate a portfolio investment in a forced or liquidation sale, we could realize significantly less than the value at which we have recorded it. In addition, changes in the market environment and other events that may occur over the life of the investments may cause the gains or losses ultimately realized on these investments to be different than the unrealized gains or losses reflected in the valuations currently assigned. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Policies” and “—Fair Value Measurements” as well as Notes 2 and 5 to our financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2025 for more information relating to our investment valuation.

Interest Rate Risk

Interest rate sensitivity refers to the change in our earnings that may result from changes in the level of interest rates. Because we fund a portion of our investments with borrowings, our net investment income is affected by the difference between the rate at which we invest and the rate at which we borrow. As a result, there can be no assurance that a significant change in market interest rates will not have a material adverse effect on our net investment income.

As of March 31, 2025, the majority of our debt portfolio investments bore interest at variable rates, which generally are SOFR-based (or based on an equivalent applicable currency rate) and typically have durations of one to six months after which they reset to current market interest rates, and many of which are subject to certain floors. Further, our Senior Secured Facility, Class A-1 Notes under the Bethesda CLO 1 and the Notes under MFIC Bethesda CLO 2 LLC bears interest at SOFR rates with no interest rate floors, while our 2026 Notes and 2028 Notes bear interest at a fixed rate.

We regularly measure our exposure to interest rate risk. We assess interest rate risk and manage our interest rate exposure on an ongoing basis by comparing our interest rate sensitive assets to our interest rate sensitive liabilities. Based on that review, we determine whether or not any hedging transactions are necessary to mitigate exposure to changes in interest rates.

The following table shows the estimated annual impact on net investment income of base rate changes in interest rates (considering interest rate flows for variable rate instruments) to our loan portfolio and outstanding debt as of March 31, 2025, assuming no changes in our investment and borrowing structure:

We may hedge against interest rate fluctuations from time-to-time by using standard hedging instruments such as futures, options and forward contracts subject to the requirements of the 1940 Act and applicable commodities laws. While hedging activities may insulate us against adverse changes in interest rates, they may also limit our ability to participate in the benefits of lower interest rates with respect to our portfolio of investments.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of March 31, 2025 (the end of the period covered by this report), we, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "1934 Act")). Based on that evaluation, our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective and provided reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in our periodic SEC filings is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. However, in evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of such possible controls and procedures.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Management has not identified any change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2025 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

In addition to the risk factor below and other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Report on Form 10-K for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, which could materially affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results. These risks are not the only risks facing our Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results.

Trade negotiations and related government actions may create regulatory uncertainty for our portfolio companies and our investment strategies and adversely affect the profitability of our portfolio companies.

In recent years, the U.S. government has indicated its intent to alter its approach to international trade policy and in some cases to renegotiate, or potentially terminate, certain existing bilateral or multi-lateral trade agreements and treaties with foreign countries, and has made proposals and taken actions related thereto. For example, the U.S. government has imposed, and may in the future further increase, tariffs on certain foreign goods, including from China, such as steel and aluminum. Some foreign governments, including China, have instituted retaliatory tariffs on certain U.S. goods. Most recently, the current U.S. presidential administration has imposed or sought to impose significant increases to tariffs on goods imported into the U.S., including from China, Canada and Mexico. Tariffs on imported goods could further increase costs, decrease margins, reduce the competitiveness of products and services offered by current and future portfolio companies and adversely affect the revenues and profitability of portfolio companies whose businesses rely on goods imported from such impacted jurisdictions.

There is uncertainty as to further actions that may be taken under the current U.S. presidential administration with respect to U.S. trade policy. Further governmental actions related to the imposition of tariffs or other trade barriers, or changes to international trade agreements or policies, could further increase costs, decrease margins, reduce the competitiveness of products and services offered by current and future portfolio companies and adversely affect the revenues and profitability of companies whose businesses rely on goods imported from outside of the United States. These developments, or the perception that any of them could occur, may have a material adverse effect on global economic conditions and the stability of global financial markets, and may significantly reduce global trade and, in particular, trade between the impacted nations and the U.S. Any of these factors could depress economic activity and restrict our portfolio companies’ access to suppliers or customers and have a material adverse effect on their business, financial condition and results of operations, which in turn would negatively impact us.