Spire Global, Inc.: Form 10-Q for the period ended Mar 31, 2025

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K/A for the year ended December 31, 2024 (the “2024 Form 10-K/A”). This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated by these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include those identified below and those discussed in the section titled “Risk Factors” in the 2024 Form 10-K/A and in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any period in the future.

Overview

Spire is a global provider of space-based data, analytics and space services, offering unique datasets and powerful insights about Earth so that organizations can make decisions with confidence in a rapidly changing world. Spire builds, owns, and operates a fully deployed satellite constellation. We believe our constellation is one of the world’s largest “listening” constellations, observing the Earth in real time using radio frequency technology.

The data acquired by our multipurpose satellites provide global weather intelligence, ship and plane movements, and spoofing and jamming detection to better predict how their patterns impact economies, global security, business operations, and the environment. We also offer space-as-a-service solutions that empower customers to leverage our established infrastructure to put their business in space. We provide customers these solutions through an application programming interface (“API”) infrastructure.

Spire also offers research and development services (“R&D Services”) to third parties, for the advancement of contracted satellite technologies. In addition to providing R&D Services, we grant the counterparty a license to the developed intellectual property.

Our platform applies our value-add insights and predictive analytics to this proprietary data to create commercially valuable datasets. We offer three data solutions to our customers, which vary in complexity and price and can be delivered in near real-time via our API that can be easily integrated into our customers’ business operations:

• Maritime: Precise space-based data used for highly accurate ship monitoring, ship safety, and route optimization.
• Aviation: Precise space-based aviation insights, analytics and flight tracking data to power applications, drive decision making, and improve cost efficiencies.
• Weather and Climate: Precise space-based data used for highly accurate weather forecasting.

For each data solution, we have the capability to offer customers a variety of features and additional value. The four forms of data we monetize are:

• Clean data: Clean and structured data directly from our proprietary nanosatellites;
• Smart data: Clean data fused with third-party datasets and proprietary analysis to enhance value and provide insights;
• Predictive solutions: Big data, AI, and ML algorithms applied to fused data sets to create predictive analytics and insights; and
• Solutions: Data-driven actionable recommendations to solve specific business problems, utilizing the full spectrum of our data analytics suite.

These value-add data features allow customers to solve various use cases and provide a path to expand throughout the customer’s relationship.

As our fourth solution, we are also pioneering an innovative business model through our Space Services solution. We leverage our fully deployed infrastructure and large-scale operations to enable our customers to obtain customized data through our API. Our Space Services offering provides our customers with fast, scalable, and reliable access to space.

Our solutions are offered to customers across numerous industries and we not only have the opportunity to upsell within each one, but we also have the opportunity to cross-sell among all our solutions.

We provide our solutions to global customers either through a subscription or based on a specific project. We currently sell directly to end customers and utilize reseller partners when beneficial.

Recent Developments

Sale of Maritime Business

On November 13, 2024, we entered into a Share Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with Kpler Holding SA, a Belgian corporation (“Buyer”), pursuant to which we agreed to sell our maritime business to Buyer and enter into certain ancillary agreements (the “Transactions”). The maritime business sold pursuant to the Transactions did not include any part of our satellite network or operations. The purchase price agreed to be paid by Buyer to us at the closing of the Transactions was a cash payment based upon an enterprise value of $233.5 million, subject to certain adjustments. The Transactions also included a twelve-month transition service and data provision agreement for $7.5 million.

On April 25, 2025, we completed the sale of our maritime business to Buyer for approximately $233.5 million, before adjustments. On April 25, 2025, we and L3Harris Technologies, Inc. (“L3Harris”), entered into the Confidential Settlement Agreement and Mutual Release (the “Settlement Agreement”) among us, exactEarth Ltd. (“exactEarth”) and L3Harris, pursuant to which, upon the closing of the Transactions, Buyer paid L3Harris $17.0 million for full and complete resolution and release of all disputes asserted in connection with the Amended and Restated L3Harris Agreement dated January 21, 2020 (the “A&R L3Harris Agreement”) between us and L3Harris. We and Buyer further agreed that we would contribute $7.0 million of the Settlement in the form of a reduction to the cash paid by Buyer to us at the closing of the Transactions.

Private Placement

On March 12, 2025, we entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “2025 Securities Purchase Agreement”) with the purchasers named therein for the private placement (the “2025 Private Placement”) of (i) 4,843,750 shares of Class A common stock at a purchase price of $8.00 per share and (ii) pre-funded warrants (the “Pre-Funded Warrants”) to purchase 156,250 shares of Class A common stock at a purchase price of $7.9999 per Pre-Funded Warrant. The Pre-Funded Warrants have an exercise price of $0.0001 per share of Class A common stock, are exercisable immediately, and will terminate when exercised in full. The aggregate net proceeds for the 2025 Private Placement were $37.3 million, after deducting offering expenses. The 2025 Private Placement closed on March 14, 2025.

Highlights from the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025

• We were awarded a Can$72 Million contract from the Canadian Space Agency to design WildFireSat mission.
• We announced the successful two-way laser communication between our satellites in space.
• We announced the launch of breakthrough AI weather models built on NVIDIA Omniverse Blueprint for Earth-2.

Macroeconomic and Geopolitical Impact

Over the past two years, we have been impacted by the macroeconomic environment, such as fluctuations in foreign currencies, elevated interest rates, and geopolitical conflicts like the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Israel's war with Hamas, and the increased tensions between China and the United States.

Our reporting currency is the U.S. Dollar. The U.S. Dollar exhibited a decrease in strength against the local functional currencies of our foreign subsidiaries for the three months ended March 31, 2025, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024. The U.S. Dollar's decrease had a positive impact on our revenue, as approximately one-third of our sales are conducted in foreign currencies. Conversely, the decrease in the value of the U.S. Dollar had an unfavorable impact on our expenses, given that a majority of our workforce resides in countries other than the United States. Approximately 30% of our revenues were generated in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar. The financial statements of these subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars using exchange rates in effect at each balance sheet date for assets and liabilities and average exchange rates during the period for revenues and expenses. To the extent we experience significant currency fluctuations, our results of operations may be impacted.

The macroeconomic environment has caused existing or potential customers to re-evaluate their decision to purchase our offerings, at times resulting in additional customer discounts, extended payment terms, and longer sales cycles. Particularly, government agency delays in approving appropriations bills negatively impacted the timeliness of some of our U.S. federal government orders. Additionally, recent changes to tariffs could cause interruptions in our supply chain and increase spending to meet our obligations. Tariff changes could also cause greater volatility in the Company’s cash flows, as the Company may have to cover expenses related to importing materials into the United States from other affiliated entities, even if it recovers some or all of those costs at a later date.

If any of these factors continue or worsen, and/or if new macroeconomic or geopolitical issues arise, our results and financial condition could be further negatively impacted. We cannot predict the timing, strength, or duration of any economic slowdown, downturn, instability, or recovery, generally or within any particular industry or geography. Any downturn of the general economy or industries in which we operate would adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Key Factors Affecting Our Performance

We believe that our current and future performance depends on many factors, including, but not limited to, those described below. While these areas present significant opportunity, they also present risks that we must manage to achieve successful results. For additional information about these risks, see the section titled “Risk Factors” in the 2024 Form 10-K/A and in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. If we are unable to address these risks, our business and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Expansion of and Further Penetration of Our Customer Base

We employ a “land and expand” business model that focuses on efficiently acquiring new customers (“land”) and then growing our relationships with these customers over time (“expand”). We have the capability to offer customers additional data sets and a variety of enhanced features that potentially grow the value of the services for which our customers contract with us. Our future revenue growth and our path to profitability are dependent upon our ability to continue to land new customers and then expand adoption of our solutions within their organizations.

We track our progress landing new customers by measuring the number of ARR Solution Customers (as defined below) we have from one fiscal period to the next. The number of ARR Solution Customers decreased to 620 as of March 31, 2025, from 708 as of March 31, 2024. We track our increases and decreases in our customer contract values by measuring our ARR Net Retention Rate (as defined below). Our ARR Net Retention Rate was 97% and 102% for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Expansion into New Industries and Geographies

As our solutions have grown, we continue to focus on further penetration of our initial industries including maritime, aviation, logistics, and government (civil and defense/intelligence). We believe our technology and solutions give us the ability to expand into additional industries, including energy, financial services, agriculture, transportation, and insurance, and also into additional geographies, including Latin America, Africa and the Middle East. Our revenue growth is dependent upon our ability to continue to expand into new industries and geographies. The costs associated with these expansions may adversely affect our results of operations.

Impact of the Solar Cycle on our Assets’ Remaining Life

A stronger solar cycle has the potential to impact some of our satellites, accelerating their deorbiting and shortening their useful lives. The solar cycle is the cycle that the Sun’s magnetic field goes through approximately every 11 years. In 2019, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (“NOAA”), National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the International Space Environment Services panel forecasted that Solar Cycle 25 (December 2019 to approximately 2030) would be relatively weak after a relatively weak Solar Cycle 24 (December 2008 to December 2019). Subsequently, NOAA noted that Solar Cycle 24 was the weakest cycle in 100 years with sunspots reaching a maximum of 116 – below the average of 179. NOAA's October 2023 projection that Solar Cycle 25 would be more intense than Cycle 24 and would peak by the end of 2024 has since been confirmed. A stronger solar cycle has accelerated the deorbiting of our satellites sooner than expected or planned. Our ability to minimize the solar cycle impact, our ability to replenish our existing constellation in a timely manner and the costs associated with these actions may adversely affect our results of operations.

Investment in Growth

We continue investing in growing our business and capitalizing on our market opportunities while balancing the uncertainties from the macroeconomic environment and geopolitical factors. We intend to continue to add headcount to our global sales and marketing teams to acquire new customers and to increase sales to existing customers. We also intend to continue to add headcount as needed to our research and development teams and otherwise invest to improve and innovate our nanosatellite, ground station and data analytics technologies. Our total headcount across all functions increased to 439 employees as of March 31, 2025, from 430 employees as of March 31, 2024. The costs of these investments may adversely affect our results of operations, but we believe that these investments will contribute to our long-term growth.

Acquisitions

Our business strategy may include acquiring other complementary solutions, technologies, or businesses that we believe will allow us to continue on our path to profitability, reduce the time or costs required to develop new technologies, incorporate enhanced functionality into and complement our existing solution offerings, augment our engineering workforce and enhance our technological capabilities.

Key Business Metrics

We review the following key business metrics to evaluate our business, measure our performance, identify trends affecting our business, formulate business plans, and make strategic decisions:

• Annual Recurring Revenue (“ARR”)
• Number of ARR Customers
• Number of ARR Solution Customers
• ARR Net Retention Rate

Annual Recurring Revenue

We define ARR as our expected annualized revenue from customers that are under contracts with us at the end of the reporting period with a binding and renewable agreement for our subscription solutions or customers that are under a binding multi-year contract that can range from components of our Space Services solution to a project-based customer solution, regardless of remaining term. Customers with Space Services contracts are considered recurring when there is a multi-year binding agreement that has a renewable component in the contract. Customers are also considered recurring when they have multiple contracts over multiple years. Customer contracts for data trials and one-time transactions are excluded from the calculation of ARR.

The increase in our ARR for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was primarily driven by acquiring new high-value customers and increasing business with our existing customer base. Our ARR has fluctuated from period to period in the past due in part to the timing of some of our Space Services contracts, including when engagements start and stop. We expect our ARR to continue to fluctuate from period to period in the future. ARR is a leading indicator and accordingly, will tend to outpace the impact on our revenue as we recognize the contract value of various agreements over time.

The following table summarizes our ARR as of each period end indicated:

(dollars in thousands)

Number of ARR Customers and ARR Solution Customers

We define an ARR Customer as an entity that has a contract with us or through our reseller partners’ contracts, that is either a binding and renewable agreement for our subscription solutions, or a binding multi-year contract as of the measurement date independent of the number of solutions the entity has under contract. A single organization with separate subsidiaries, segments, or divisions may represent multiple customers, as we treat each entity that is invoiced separately as an individual customer. In cases where customers subscribe to our platform through our reseller partners, each end customer that meets the above definition is counted separately as an ARR Customer. All entities that have contracts for data trials and one-time transactions are excluded from the calculation of ARR Customers.

We define an ARR Solution Customer similarly to an ARR Customer, but we count every solution the customer has with us separately. As a result, the count of ARR Solution Customers exceeds the count of ARR Customers at each period end, as some customers contract with us for multiple solutions. Our multiple solutions customers are those that are under contract for at least two of our solutions: Maritime, Aviation, Weather and Climate, and Space Services. All entities that have contracts for data trials and one-time transactions are excluded from the calculation of ARR Solution Customers.

The decrease in each of our ARR Customers and ARR Solution Customers at the dates presented was driven by our move to de-emphasize sales to customers with very low ARR or revenue. We expect this strategy to ultimately increase our ARR and revenue per customer, increase our ARR in total, and reduce our customer count as we drive towards the most efficient use of our resources.

The following table summarizes the number of our ARR Customers and ARR Solution Customers as of each period end indicated:

ARR Net Retention Rate

We calculate our ARR Net Retention Rate for a particular fiscal period end by dividing (i) our ARR from those ARR Customers at that period end that were also customers as of the last day of the prior fiscal period end by (ii) the ARR from all customers as of the last day of the prior fiscal period. This calculation measures the overall impact from increases in customer contract value (upsells), the decreases in customer contract value (downsells) and the decreases in customer value resulting from customers that have chosen not to renew their contracts with us (lost customers).

The following table summarizes our ARR Net Retention Rate for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:

Our ARR Net Retention Rate can be impacted from period to period by large increases or decreases in customer contract value and large decreases in contract value from customers that have not renewed their contracts with us. An ARR Net Retention Rate greater than 100% is an indication that we are growing the value of the solutions our customers are purchasing from us at a fiscal period end versus the prior fiscal period end. An ARR Net Retention Rate less than 100% is an indication that the value of the solutions our customers are purchasing from us declined at a fiscal period end versus the prior fiscal period end. Our ARR Net Retention Rate decreased by 5% for the three months ended March 31, 2025. The decrease was primarily driven by the reduced value of NOAA’s radio occultation technology (“RO”) weather award in the three months ended March 31, 2025, as compared to the value of the corresponding award in the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Components of Results of Operations

Revenue

We derive revenue from providing data, insights and access to our cloud-based technology platform sold on a subscription basis. Some of our customer arrangements include additional performance obligations that encompass the delivery of specific goods, services or intellectual property apart from the ongoing services provided on a subscription basis, which may impact the timing of revenue recognition. Additionally, some of our customer arrangements include material rights to receive discounted subscription services in the future, which impacts the timing of revenue recognition.

Subscription periods for our solutions generally range from one to two years and are typically non-cancelable, with customers having the right to terminate their agreements only if we materially breach our obligations under the agreement. Our subscription fees are typically billed either monthly or quarterly in advance.

Cost of Revenue

Cost of revenue consists primarily of personnel costs, depreciation, hosted infrastructure costs, high-power computing costs, third-party operating and royalty costs associated with delivering our data and services to our customers, and costs associated with R&D Services contracts. In addition, cost of revenue includes the amortization of purchased intangibles associated with our acquisition of exactEarth in November 2021 (the “Acquisition”). Personnel costs are primarily related to the cost of our employees supporting and managing our constellation operations including satellite operations, ground station control, and launch management. Personnel costs also include the cost of our employees supporting and managing projects for our research and development services. Costs associated with the manufacture and launch of our satellites, including personnel costs, are capitalized and depreciated upon placement in service, typically over a four-year expected useful life. As satellites reach the end of their expected useful life, they are generally replaced with replenishment satellites to maintain our constellation at optimal performance. Costs associated with the acquisition and development of new ground stations, including the bill of materials and labor to install the ground station, are capitalized and depreciated upon placement in service typically over a four-year to ten-year expected useful life. We anticipate ongoing capital spending to repair and replenish ground stations as they reach the end of their expected useful life to keep our ground station network at optimal performance. Our proprietary ground station network is primarily located in third-party locations where we incur lease and other operational charges. Cost of revenue also includes royalties associated with third-party data sets that we integrate into our data solutions.

Operating Expenses

Research and Development. Research and development expenses consist primarily of employee-related expenses, third-party consulting fees, and computing costs. Our research and development efforts are focused on improving our satellite technology, developing new data sets, developing new algorithms, enhancing our smart and predictive analytics, and enhancing the ease of use and utility of our space-based data solutions.

Sales and Marketing. Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of employee-related expenses, sales commissions, marketing and advertising costs, costs incurred in the development of customer relationships, brand development costs, travel-related expenses, allowance for current expected credit losses, and amortization of purchased intangible backlog associated with the Acquisition. Commission costs on new customer contract bookings are considered costs of obtaining customer contracts. Commission costs for multi-year deals are considered contract acquisition costs and are deferred and then amortized over the period of the contract. Commission costs on contracts completed with a term of twelve months or less are expensed in the period incurred.

General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses consist of employee-related expenses for personnel in our executive, finance and accounting, facilities, legal, human resources, and management information systems functions, as well as other administrative employees. In addition, general and administrative expenses include fees related to third-party legal counsel, corporate insurance, fees related to accounting, tax and audit costs, office facilities costs, software subscription costs, and other corporate costs.

Loss on Decommissioned Satellites. Loss on decommissioned satellites consists of the write-off of the net book value associated with the manufacture and launch of our satellites prior to the end of the satellite’s useful life. We contract with third-party companies to launch, carry, and deploy our satellites into space. A loss could result from a third-party launch or deployer failure, a technical failure of the satellite, or the deorbit or decommissioning of a satellite before the end of the satellite’s useful life. A technical failure could include a satellite that is not able to communicate with our network of ground stations or fulfill its intended technical mission for a duration greater than one month. The loss amount is presented net of any insurance proceeds received. Due to the nature of these events, we cannot predict the magnitude or frequency of future satellite deorbit and launch failure losses. We sometimes purchase launch insurance when financially practical; however, the proceeds from these insurance policies will typically only cover a portion of our launch loss.

Allowance for Current Expected Credit Loss on Notes Receivable. Allowance for current expected credit loss on notes receivable consists of allowance for current expected credit loss recorded on a note receivable and accrued interest issued to a Space Services customer.

Other Income (Expense)

Interest Income. Interest income includes interest earned on our cash balances and note receivable.

Interest Expense. Interest expense primarily includes interest costs associated with our debt and amortization of deferred financing costs.

Change in Fair Value of Contingent Earnout Liability. Change in fair value of contingent earnout liability includes mark-to-market adjustments to reflect changes in the fair value of the contingent earnout liability.

Change in Fair Value of Warrant Liabilities. Change in fair value of warrant liabilities includes mark-to-market adjustments to reflect changes in fair value of warrant liabilities.

Issuance of Stock Warrants. Issuance of stock warrants includes expense related to the value of the right to purchase company shares.

Foreign Exchange Gain/Loss. Foreign exchange gain/loss consists of the net effect of realized and unrealized foreign currency gains and losses resulting from changes in the currency exchange rates for transactions denominated in non-functional currency relative to each subsidiary’s functional currency. We use the local currency as our functional currency for our subsidiaries in Luxembourg, the United Kingdom, Singapore, Australia, Germany, and Canada.

Other Expense, Net. Other expense, net consists primarily of tax credits, grant income, share of equity investment loss, and write-off of certain prepaid assets.

Income Tax Provision

Provision for income taxes consists of federal income taxes in the United States and income taxes in certain foreign jurisdictions. We do not provide for income taxes on undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries since we intend to invest these earnings outside of the United States permanently. We account for income taxes using the asset and liability method, whereby deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized based on differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse.

Results of Operations

Three Months Ended March 31, 2025, Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2024

The following tables set forth selected condensed consolidated statements of operations data for each of the periods indicated:

(in thousands)

38

(1) Includes stock-based compensation as follows:

(in thousands)

Revenue

(dollars in thousands)

Total revenue decreased $10.9 million, or 31%, for the three months ended March 31, 2025, primarily due to items that occurred in the three months ended March 31, 2024 that did not repeat in the three months ended March 31, 2025, including a one-time performance obligation for a space services customer of $9.6 million. Additional drivers include a reduction in year-over-year RO-based revenue primarily from the reduced value of NOAA’s RO weather award during the three months ended March 31, 2025 as compared to the prior year period, partially offset by increased ARR from our existing customers and growth in revenue recognized for both Space Services contracts, excluding the impact of the aforementioned 2024 performance obligation, and R&D Services contracts. Our ARR Customers decreased 15% to 570 as of March 31, 2025, from 672 as of March 31, 2024. The decrease in ARR Customers was aligned with our stated move to de-emphasize sales to customers with very low ARR or revenue and instead focus on high ARR or revenue customers. Our ARR Net Retention Rate was 97% and 102% for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The decrease in ARR Net Retention Rate was driven primarily by the reduced value of NOAA’s RO weather award in the three months ended March 31, 2025, as compared to the value of the corresponding award in the three months ended March 31, 2024.

We derived 57% of our revenue from the Americas, 34% of our revenue from Europe, Middle East, Africa (“EMEA”), and 9% of our revenue from Asia Pacific (“APAC”) for the three months ended March 31, 2025. We derived 65% of our revenue from the Americas, 29% of our revenue from EMEA, and 6% of our revenue from APAC for the three months ended March 31, 2024. We derived 82% of our revenue from subscription arrangements for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to 52% for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The distribution of our revenue can fluctuate significantly from period to period driven primarily by the timing of the non-subscription revenue recognition in our contracts. Revenue from subscription-based contracts was $19.5 million, or 82%, of total revenue, for the three months ended March 31, 2025, and was $18.2 million, or 52%, of total revenue, for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The proportional increase in revenue from subscription arrangements was driven by higher revenue recognized for Space Services contracts within the prior-year period.

Cost of Revenue

(dollars in thousands)

(1) Excludes headcount relating to R&D Services contracts. R&D Services contracts headcount are included in research and development.

Cost of revenue decreased $10.5 million, or 41%, primarily driven by a decrease in satellite operation expense of $8.9 million, a decrease in personnel expenses of $2.5 million, a decrease in depreciation expense of $1.9 million, and a decrease in other miscellaneous expenses of $0.1 million, partially offset by an increase in downlink data service expenses of $2.9 million. The decrease in satellite operation expense was driven by the recognition of increased launch costs associated with a Space Services contract in the prior year period that did not recur during the three months ended March 31, 2025. The decrease in personnel costs was driven by decreased work related to R&D Services contracts during the period. The decrease in depreciation expense was primarily driven by the acceleration of depreciation, resulting in fully depreciated satellites in the prior year period to account for the impact of increased solar activity related to the current solar cycle. The increase in downlink data service expenses was primarily driven by the purchase of supplemental data to support a radio frequency geolocation contract.

Gross margin was 37% and 27% for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The increase was driven primarily by the expenses as described above. Our gross margin can fluctuate significantly from period to period driven primarily by the timing of the revenue as well as the timing of our technology investments to support future growth.

Operating Expenses

Operating expenses consist of our research and development, our sales and marketing, and our general and administrative expenses, as well as loss on decommissioned satellites in some periods. As we continue to invest in our growth, we expect our operating expenses to increase in absolute dollars as revenue grows. However, we expect our operating expenses as a percentage of revenue to decrease over time.

Research and Development

(dollars in thousands)

(1) Includes headcount relating to R&D Services contracts. R&D Services contracts expenses are included in cost of revenue.

Research and development expenses increased $2.5 million, or 41%, primarily due to an increase in personnel expenses. The increase in personnel costs was driven by decreased work related to R&D Services contracts during the period, which causes a lower proportion of costs to be allocated to cost of revenue.

We expect research and development expenses to increase in absolute dollars in future periods primarily due to higher headcount as we continue to invest in the development of our solutions offerings and new technologies. However, we expect research and development expenses to decrease as a percentage of revenue in future periods as our revenue growth exceeds our increase in research and development spend.

Sales and Marketing

(dollars in thousands)

Sales and marketing expenses decreased $0.4 million, or 7%, primarily due to lower personnel costs, which resulted from an overall reduction in headcount.

We expect sales and marketing expenses to generally grow in absolute dollars in the future primarily due to increased employee-related expenses to support our sales and marketing efforts and our continued expansion of our sales capacity across our solutions. However, we expect sales and marketing expenses as a percentage of revenue to decrease in future periods as our revenue growth exceeds our increases in sales and marketing spend.

General and Administrative

(dollars in thousands)

40

General and administrative expenses increased $6.0 million, or 61%, primarily driven by an increase in professional services expenses of $4.9 million, an increase in stock-based compensation expense of $0.6 million, an increase in other miscellaneous operating expenses of $0.3 million, and an increase in bonus expenses of $0.2 million. The increase in professional services fees was primarily driven by higher third-party accounting, legal and other consulting services relating to the restatement of our previously issued financial statements and the Transactions. The increase in stock-based compensation expense was driven by higher stock grants which resulted in a higher total value of stock-based awards recognized in the current period. The increase in bonus expenses was driven by higher bonus accruals for management.

We expect our general and administrative expenses to generally grow in absolute dollars in future periods as our employee-related expenses increase to support our revenue growth. However, we expect our general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue to decrease as revenue growth exceeds our increases in general and administrative spend.

Loss on Decommissioned Satellites

(dollars in thousands)

We recognized a non-cash expense of $5.2 million and $0.2 million in the three months ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024, respectively. The increase in loss on decommissioned satellites is a result of the Company’s decision to stop supporting three underperforming satellites.

Due to the nature of these events, we cannot predict the magnitude or frequency of future decommissioning losses. While we sometimes purchase launch insurance when financially practical, the proceeds from these policies will typically only cover a portion of our loss in the event of an unplanned satellite deorbit or launch failure.

Allowance for Current Expected Credit Loss on Notes Receivable

(dollars in thousands)

Allowance for current expected credit loss on notes receivable decreased immaterially for the three months ended March 31, 2025, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Other Income (Expense)

(dollars in thousands)

*Not Meaningful

Interest income decreased by $0.4 million, or 96%, primarily driven by lower cash held in marketable securities.

Interest expense increased by $0.7 million, or 13%, for the three months ended March 31, 2025, primarily due to higher amortized debt issuance costs and interest rate associated with our Blue Torch term loan.

Change in fair value of contingent earnout liability was a gain of $1.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to an immaterial loss for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The gain in the three months ended March 31, 2025, was primarily due to a decrease in the fair value of the liability driven by the decline of the underlying stock price, partially offset by a higher volatility rate used in the model. For additional information, see Notes 2 and 9 to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Change in fair value of warrant liabilities was a gain of $5.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to a loss of $4.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, a change of 239%. The $5.8 million gain for the three months ended March 31, 2025, was primarily due to a decrease in the fair value of the warrant liabilities driven by the decline of the underlying stock price, partially offset by a higher volatility rate used in the model. The $4.2 million loss for the three months ended March 31, 2024, was primarily due to the appreciation of the underlying stock valuation for the warrants issued to Blue Torch and subsequently amended in July 2023.

There was no issuance of stock warrant expense for the three months ended March 31, 2025. Issuance of stock warrants was a net loss of $2.4 million, relating to a definitive Securities Purchase Agreement with institutional investors during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

We recognized a foreign exchange gain of $3.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to a foreign exchange loss of $1.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, a change of 314%. The $3.8 million gain for the three months ended March 31, 2025, was primarily due to the remeasurement of intercompany balances between our Luxembourg entity and our U.K. entity with our U.S. entity denominated in U.S. Dollars. The weakening of the U.S. Dollar for the period ended March 31, 2025, relative to the Euro and British Pound Sterling at December 31, 2024, triggered the remeasurement and unrealized gain. The loss of $1.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, was primarily due to the remeasurement of intercompany balances denominated in U.S. dollars between our Luxembourg entity and the U.S.

Other expense, net was a loss of $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, a decrease of 58% compared to $0.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, primarily driven by loss on disposal of assets during the three months ended March 31, 2025.

Income Tax Provision

(dollars in thousands)

The income tax benefit decreased immaterially for the three months ended March 31, 2025, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

We believe that in addition to our results determined in accordance with GAAP, non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA is useful in evaluating our business, results of operations and financial condition. We believe that this non-GAAP financial measure may be helpful to investors because it provides consistency and comparability with past financial performance and facilitates period to period comparisons of operations, as this eliminates the effects of certain variables from period to period for reasons that we do not believe reflect our underlying business performance. In addition to our GAAP measures, we use this non-GAAP financial measure internally for budgeting and resource allocation purposes and in analyzing our financial results.

We define EBITDA as net income (loss), plus depreciation and amortization expense, plus interest, net, and minus income tax benefit.

We define Adjusted EBITDA as earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, further adjusted for any change in fair value of contingent earnout liability, change in fair value of warrant liabilities, issuance of stock warrants, foreign exchange (gain) loss, other expense, net, stock-based compensation, loss on decommissioned satellites, other unusual and infrequent costs, and other acquisition accounting amortization. We believe Adjusted EBITDA can be useful in providing an understanding of the underlying results of operations and trends, an enhanced overall understanding of our financial performance and prospects for the future. While Adjusted EBITDA is not a recognized measure under GAAP, management uses this financial measure to evaluate and forecast business performance. Adjusted EBITDA is not intended to be a measure of liquidity or cash flows from operations or a measure comparable to net income as it does not take into account certain requirements, such as capital expenditures and related depreciation, interest payments, tax benefits, stock-based compensation, other unusual and infrequent costs, and other acquisition accounting amortization.

Adjusted EBITDA is not a presentation made in accordance with GAAP, and our use of the term Adjusted EBITDA may vary from the use of similarly titled measures by others in our industry due to the potential inconsistencies in the method of calculation and differences due to items subject to interpretation.

The presentation of non-GAAP financial information should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for, or superior to, the financial information prepared and presented in accordance with GAAP. Investors should note that the excluded items may have had, and may in the future have, a material impact on our reported financial results. Investors should read this discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with the condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto also included within.

For the reasons set forth below, we believe that excluding the following items provides information that is helpful in understanding our results of operations, evaluating our future prospects, comparing our financial results across accounting periods, and comparing our financial results to our peers, many of which provide similar non-GAAP financial measures.

• Change in fair value of contingent earnout liabilities and warrant liabilities. We exclude this as it does not reflect the underlying cash flows or operational results of the business.
• Issuance of stock warrants. We exclude this as it does not reflect the underlying cash flows or operational results of the business.
• Foreign exchange gain/loss. We are exposed to foreign currency gains or losses on outstanding foreign currency denominated receivables and payables related to certain customer sales agreements, product costs and other operating expenses. As we do not actively hedge these currency exposures, changes in the underlying currency rates relative to the U.S. Dollar may result in realized and unrealized foreign currency gains and losses between the time these receivables and payables arise and the time that they are settled in cash. Since such realized and unrealized foreign currency gains and losses are the result of macro-economic factors and can vary significantly from one period to the next, we believe that exclusion of such realized and unrealized gains and losses is useful to management and investors in evaluating the performance of our ongoing operations on a period-to-period basis.
• Other expense, net. We exclude other expense, net because it includes items that do not reflect the underlying cash flows or operational results of our business. Examples of such expenses include equity investment loss and vendor dispute legal settlements.
• Stock-based compensation. We exclude stock-based compensation expenses primarily because they are non-cash expenses that we exclude from our internal management reporting processes. We also find it useful to exclude these expenses when we assess the appropriate level of various operating expenses and resource allocations when budgeting, planning, and forecasting future periods. Moreover, because of varying available valuation methodologies, subjective assumptions and the variety of award types that companies can use under Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) ASC Topic 718, Stock Compensation (“ASC 718”), we believe excluding stock-based compensation expenses allows investors to make meaningful comparisons between our recurring core business results of operations and those of other companies.
• Loss on decommissioned satellites. We exclude loss on decommissioned satellites because if there was no loss, the expense would be accounted for as depreciation and would also be excluded as part of our EBITDA calculation.
• Other unusual and infrequent costs. We exclude these as they are unusual items that do not reflect the ongoing operational results of our business. Examples of these types of expenses include accounting, legal and other professional fees associated with the financial restatement and the Transactions.
• Other acquisition accounting amortization. We amortize prepaid expense for purchased data rights in connection with the acquisition of exactEarth and certain technologies. The prepaid amortization of this asset is a non-cash expense that can be significantly affected by the inherent subjective nature of the assigned value and useful life. We exclude this amortized

prepaid expense for our internal management reporting processes because it has already been incurred and is a non-cash expense. Our management also finds it useful to exclude this charge when assessing the appropriate level of various operating expenses and resource allocations when budgeting, planning and forecasting future periods. It is important to note that while this expense is excluded for purposes of non-GAAP presentation, the revenue of the acquired companies is reflected in the non-GAAP measures and that the assets contribute to revenue generation.

The following table outlines the reconciliation from net loss to Adjusted EBITDA for the periods indicated:

(in thousands)

Limitations on the Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

There are limitations to using non-GAAP financial measures because non-GAAP financial measures are not prepared in accordance with GAAP and may be different from non-GAAP financial measures provided by other companies.

The non-GAAP financial measures are limited in value because they exclude certain items that may have a material impact upon our reported financial results. In addition, they are subject to inherent limitations as they reflect the exercise of judgments by management about which items are adjusted to calculate our non-GAAP financial measures. We compensate for these limitations by analyzing current and future results on a GAAP basis as well as a non-GAAP basis and also by providing GAAP measures in our public disclosures. Some of these limitations are:

• Although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized may have to be replaced in the future, and Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect cash capital expenditure requirements for such replacements or for new capital expenditure requirements;
• Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the significant interest expense, or the cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payments, on our debt;
• Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect income tax payments that may represent a reduction in cash available to us; and
• Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect decommissioned satellites and does not reflect the cash capital expenditure requirements for the replacements of lost satellites. While these expenses could occur in a given year, the existence and magnitude of these costs could vary greatly and are unpredictable.

Non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered in isolation from, or as a substitute for, financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP. We encourage investors and others to review our financial information in its entirety, not to rely on any single financial measure to evaluate our business, and to view our non-GAAP financial measures in conjunction with the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our principal sources of liquidity to fund our operations are from cash and cash equivalents, which totaled $35.9 million as of March 31, 2025, primarily proceeds from the 2025 Private Placement. Approximately $8.8 million of our cash and cash equivalents as of March 31, 2025 was held outside of the United States. These amounts compare to cash and cash equivalents of $19.2 million as of December 31, 2024, of which $14.4 million was held outside of the United States. The cash and cash equivalent amounts are exclusive of restricted cash, which totaled $0.5 million as of each of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Since our inception, we have been in an operating cash flow deficit as we have made significant investments in our technology infrastructure, built out our research and development foundation, grown sales and marketing resources to drive revenue, and scaled general and administrative functions to enable operating effectiveness.

On November 13, 2024, we entered into the Purchase Agreement with Buyer, pursuant to which we agreed to complete the Transactions. The maritime business sold pursuant to the Transactions did not include any part of our satellite network or operations. The purchase price agreed to be paid by Buyer to us at the closing of the Transactions was a cash payment based upon an enterprise value of $233.5 million, subject to certain adjustments. The Transactions also included a twelve-month transition service and data provision agreement for $7.5 million.

On March 12, 2025, we entered into the 2025 Securities Purchase Agreement with the purchasers named therein for the 2025 Private Placement of (i) 4,843,750 shares of Class A common stock at a purchase price of $8.00 per share and (ii) Pre-Funded Warrants to purchase 156,250 shares of Class A common stock at a purchase price of $7.9999 per Pre-Funded Warrant. The Pre-Funded Warrants have an exercise price of $0.0001 per share of Class A common stock, are exercisable immediately, and will terminate when exercised in full. The aggregate net proceeds for the 2025 Private Placement were $37.3 million, after deducting offering expenses. The 2025 Private Placement closed on March 14, 2025.

On April 25, 2025, we completed the sale of our maritime business to Buyer for approximately $233.5 million, before adjustments. On April 25, 2025, we and L3Harris, entered into the Settlement Agreement among us, exactEarth and L3Harris, pursuant to which, upon the closing of the Transactions, Buyer paid L3Harris $17.0 million for full and complete resolution and release of all disputes asserted in connection with the A&R L3Harris Agreement between us and L3Harris. We and Buyer further agreed that we would contribute $7.0 million of the Settlement in the form of a reduction to the cash paid by Buyer to us at the closing of the Transactions.

On April 25, 2025, we repaid with a portion of the proceeds of the Transactions all obligations and all amounts borrowed, and all obligations have terminated, under the Blue Torch Financing Agreement and the Strategic Innovation Fund (“SIF”) loan agreement. Following the closing of the Transactions, we believe that we will have sufficient working capital to operate for a period of at least one year from the issuance of the March 31, 2025 condensed consolidated financial statements based on our current cash and cash equivalents balance of $35.9 million and expected future financial results.

Blue Torch Credit Agreement

On June 13, 2022, we, as borrower, and certain of our subsidiaries, as guarantors, entered into the Blue Torch Financing Agreement with Blue Torch, as administrative agent and collateral agent, and certain lenders (the “Lenders”). The Blue Torch Financing Agreement provided for, among other things, a term loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of up to $120.0 million (the “Blue Torch Credit Facility”). A portion of the proceeds of the term loan was used to repay our then-existing $70.0 million credit facility with FP Credit Partners, L.P., and the remainder of the proceeds of the term loan may be used for general corporate purposes.

The $120.0 million term loan was available and drawn at closing, of which $19.7 million was placed in an escrow account by Blue Torch with such amount released upon our achieving certain metrics related to annualized recurring revenue and a total annualized recurring revenue leverage ratio. These metrics were achieved and the $19.7 million was released from the escrow account and delivered to us in February 2023. The term loan accrued interest at a floating rate based, at our election, on either a reference rate or a 3-month Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) (subject to a 1.0% floor), plus an interest rate margin of 7.0% for reference rate borrowings and 8.0% for 3-month Term SOFR borrowings, plus an incremental Term SOFR margin of 0.26161%. We elected the Term SOFR rate which was 15.0604% as of March 31, 2025. Principal on the term loan was only payable at maturity and interest on the term loan was due and payable quarterly for Term SOFR borrowings. We were also required to pay other customary fees and costs in connection with the Blue Torch Credit Facility, including a commitment fee in an amount equal to $2.4 million on the closing date, a $0.3 million agency fee annually and an exit fee in an amount equal to $1.8 million upon termination of the Blue Torch Financing Agreement.

On June 13, 2022, in connection with the Blue Torch Financing Agreement, we issued warrants to Blue Torch, which were exercisable for an aggregate of 437,024 shares of our Class A common stock with a per share exercise price of $16.08 (the “2022 Blue Torch Warrants”). In addition, in connection with the closing of the financing, we paid Urgent Capital LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, a fee for introducing us to the Lenders, for the purpose of loan financing, in the amount equal to $0.6 million in cash and a warrant to purchase 24,834 shares of our Class A common stock with a per share exercise price of $16.08 (the “Urgent Warrants”).

On September 27, 2023, we entered into the Waiver and Amendment No. 2 to Financing Agreement (the “Waiver and Amendment”) with Blue Torch and the Lenders, which amended the Blue Torch Financing Agreement to (a) waive an event of default under the Blue Torch Financing Agreement arising out of the total annualized recurring revenue leverage ratio being greater than the permitted ratio, (b) amend the financial covenants to provide covenant relief from the maximum debt to annualized recurring revenue leverage ratio and the maximum debt to EBITDA leverage ratio set forth in the Blue Torch Financing Agreement for future periods, and (c) provide for a second amendment exit fee. The second amendment exit fee was $1.8 million (which was an amount equal to one and a half percent (1.50%) of the aggregate outstanding principal balance of the term loans on the effective date of the Waiver and Amendment), bore interest from the date of the Waiver and Amendment at Adjusted Term SOFR for a 3-month interest period plus the applicable margin under the Financing Agreement, and was payable to Blue Torch by us in cash upon the termination of the Blue Torch Financing Agreement, either as a result of acceleration of the loans or at the final maturity date. The Waiver and Amendment required a repayment by us of $2.5 million of the outstanding principal balance of the term loans and a prepayment premium of $0.05 million, which were paid on October 2, 2023. The Waiver and Amendment also required additional reporting if our liquidity level was less than $35.0 million at any time during a month and revised the minimum liquidity covenant to require liquidity of at least $30.0 million at all times, commencing on September 30, 2023, which in both cases represented a $5.0 million incremental change from the original requirements.

On September 27, 2023, in connection with the Waiver and Amendment, we and certain affiliates of Blue Torch amended and restated the 2022 Blue Torch Warrants to reduce the per share exercise price from $16.08 to $5.44. We also concurrently issued new warrants to certain Blue Torch affiliates that are exercisable for an additional 597,082 shares of our Class A common stock at a per share exercise price of $5.44 (the “2023 Blue Torch Warrants” and together with the 2022 Blue Torch Warrants and the Urgent Warrants, the “Credit Agreement Warrants”).

The Credit Agreement Warrants may be exercised on a cashless basis. The Credit Agreement Warrants are exercisable for a term beginning on the date of issuance and ending on the earlier to occur of ten years from the date of issuance or the consummation of certain of our acquisitions as set forth in the Credit Agreement Warrants. The number of shares for which the Credit Agreement Warrants are exercisable and the associated exercise price are subject to certain proportional adjustments as set forth in the Credit Agreement Warrants.

On April 8, 2024, we entered into Amendment No. 3 to Financing Agreement (the “Third Amendment”) with Blue Torch and the Lenders, which amended the Blue Torch Financing Agreement to (i) increase the maximum debt to EBITDA leverage ratio for the monthly periods ending June 30, 2024, July 31, 2024, and August 31, 2024, and to decrease the maximum permitted ratio thereafter, and (ii) amend the minimum liquidity covenant to require liquidity of at least $20.0 million at all times, commencing on April 8, 2024, which represented a $10.0 million decrease from the requirement in effect immediately prior to the effective date of the Third Amendment. On April 8, 2024, in accordance with the terms of the Third Amendment, we made a prepayment to Blue Torch of $10.0 million in principal, plus an early termination fee of $0.2 million.

On August 27, 2024, we entered into Waiver and Amendment No. 4 to Financing Agreement (the “Fourth Amendment”) with Blue Torch and the Lenders, which amended the Blue Torch Financing Agreement to (i) waive events of default under the Blue Torch Financing Agreement arising out of the maximum debt to EBITDA leverage ratio being greater than the ratio permitted by the Blue Torch Financing Agreement and the failure to deliver the financial statements for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2024 required by the Blue Torch Financing Agreement, (ii) amend the financial covenants in the Blue Torch Financing Agreement to provide immediate covenant relief from the leverage ratios set forth in the Blue Torch Financing Agreement and extend the duration of the annualized recurring revenue (ARR) leverage ratio through December 31, 2024, and (iii) provide for a fourth amendment fee. The fourth amendment fee was in an amount equal to three and a half percent (3.50%) of the aggregate outstanding principal balance of the term loans on the effective date of the Fourth Amendment, bore interest from the date of the Fourth Amendment at Adjusted Term SOFR for a 3-month interest period plus the applicable margin under the Blue Torch Financing Agreement, and was paid-in-kind and added to the principal balance of the term loans. On August 27, 2024, in accordance with the terms of the Fourth Amendment, we made a prepayment to Blue Torch of $10.0 million in principal, plus an early termination fee of $0.1 million.

On November 11, 2024, we and Blue Torch entered into a forbearance agreement (the “Forbearance Agreement”), pursuant to which each of the lenders party to the Blue Torch Financing Agreement agreed not to exercise their default-related rights and remedies with respect to certain events of default related to the failure to deliver quarterly financial information as of and for the period ended June 30, 2024 that was required to be provided to the lenders by October 31, 2024, the leverage ratio being greater than required as of June 30, 2024 and our anticipated failure to file the financial statements for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2024 with the Securities and Exchange Commission by November 15, 2024 (collectively, the “Specified Defaults”), until the earliest to occur of (A) any other event of default other than the Specified Defaults, (B) the date on which Blue Torch delivered a notice terminating the forbearance period, which notice could have been delivered at any time upon or after the occurrence of an additional event of default or any breach of the Forbearance Agreement or (C) 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time on December 24, 2024.

On March 12, 2025, we and Blue Torch entered into the Waiver and Amendment No. 5 to Financing Agreement (the “Fifth Amendment”) to, among other things, (a) waive events of default under the Blue Torch Financing Agreement arising out of the maximum debt to EBITDA leverage ratio being greater than the ratio permitted by the Blue Torch Financing Agreement, the failure to deliver financial projections for the 2025 fiscal year and liquidity being lower than permitted by the Blue Torch Financing Agreement, (b) amend the financial covenants in the Blue Torch Financing Agreement to replace the maximum debt to EBITDA ratio with a minimum EBITDA covenant and provide relief on the recurring revenue leverage ratio set forth in the Blue Torch Financing Agreement, (c) amend the Blue Torch Financing Agreement to permit us to obtain subordinate financing secured by related liens on such junior indebtedness, (d) increase the applicable margin by 2.50% in the form of PIK interest which was fully earned, paid-in-kind and added to the principal balance of the term loans, and (e) provide for a fifth amendment fee and extension fees. As of March 31, 2025, we were still working with Blue Torch to agree on a final minimum EBITDA covenant and in April 2025, the EBITDA terms were agreed upon by Blue Torch. The fifth amendment fee was equal to $2,500 and was paid in kind by adding such fee to the principal amount after which it bore interest from the date of the Fifth Amendment at the Adjusted Term SOFR for a 3-month interest period plus the applicable margin under the Blue Torch Financing Agreement.

The Fifth Amendment also provided for an extension fee equal to $1,000, but because the Blue Torch Financing Agreement was terminated and all obligations were paid in full prior to April 30, 2025, the extension fee was waived. If the Blue Torch Financing Agreement had not been terminated and all obligations had not been paid in full on or before April 30, 2025, the extension fee would have been added to the principal balance of the term loans on such date, and an additional extension fee in an equal amount would have been added to the principal balance of the term loans on each date that is 30 days after April 30, 2025 until the Blue Torch Financing Agreement had been terminated and all obligations had been paid in full. The Fifth Amendment also required us to engage a liquidity management advisor reasonably satisfactory to Blue Torch no later than March 21, 2025, and we did so on March 21, 2025. We were in compliance with all applicable financial covenants as of March 31, 2025. On April 25, 2025, we repaid with a portion of the proceeds of the Transactions all obligations and all amounts borrowed, and all obligations have terminated, under the Blue Torch Financing Agreement.

Government Loan

As part of the Acquisition in November 2021, we assumed a loan agreement with the SIF which was recorded at fair value of the debt. As of March 31, 2025, $4.6 million was included in long-term debt, current portion on our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets related to the SIF loan agreement. The loan would have been repayable in 15 annual payments beginning February 28, 2026 and would have had a stated interest rate of zero. On April 25, 2025, we repaid with a portion of the proceeds of the Transactions all obligations under the SIF loan agreement.

For additional information, see Note 6 to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Equity Distribution Agreement

On September 14, 2022, we entered into an Equity Distribution Agreement (the “Equity Distribution Agreement”) with Canaccord Genuity LLC, as sales agent (the “Agent”). In accordance with the terms of the Equity Distribution Agreement, we may offer and sell shares of our Class A common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $85.0 million from time to time through the Agent pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-3, which became effective on September 26, 2022. In June 2023, we sold approximately 2.2 million shares of our Class A common stock through this arrangement, resulting in net proceeds of $7.9 million. As of March 31, 2025, approximately $76.8 million of shares were remaining, but had not yet been sold, under the Equity Distribution Agreement. Because of the late filings of our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended June 30, 2024 and September 30, 2024, we are unable to make sales pursuant to the Equity Distribution Agreement until we regain our eligibility to use Form S-3.

Cash Flows

The following table summarizes our net cash used in operating activities, net cash used in investing activities, and net cash provided by financing activities for the periods indicated:

(in thousands)

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Our largest source of operating cash inflows is cash collections from our customers. Our primary uses of cash from operating activities are for employee-related expenditures, expenses related to our technology infrastructure, expenses related to our computing infrastructure (including computing power, database storage and content delivery costs), building infrastructure costs (including leases for office space), fees for third-party services, and marketing program costs.

Net cash used in operating activities was $8.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025. The net cash used in operating activities reflected our net loss of $20.7 million, adjustments for non-cash items of $10.2 million and a net decrease of $3.8 million in net operating assets. Non-cash items primarily consisted of a $5.8 million change in fair value of warrant liabilities, a $5.2 million loss on decommissioned satellites and disposal of assets, $4.4 million of depreciation and amortization expense, $3.9 million of stock-based compensation expense, a $1.0 million change in fair value of contingent earnout liability, $0.9 million of debt issuance amortization costs, $0.8 million of other, net, and $0.7 million of amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets. Changes in operating assets and liabilities included a $3.8 million increase in other accrued expenses, a $2.6 million decrease in accounts receivable, net, a $2.0 million increase in contract liabilities, a $0.7 million increase in accrued wages and benefits, and a $0.5 million decrease in other long-term assets, partially offset by a $3.8 million decrease in accounts payable, a $1.6 million increase in contract assets, a $0.6 million decrease in operating lease liabilities, and a $0.2 million increase in other current assets.

Net cash used in operating activities was $8.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. This reflected our net loss of $25.5 million, adjustments for non-cash items of $19.2 million and a net increase of $2.8 million in net operating assets. Non-cash items primarily consisted of $6.8 million of depreciation and amortization expense, $4.2 million change in fair value of warrant liabilities, $3.6 million of stock-based compensation expense, $2.4 million of issuance of stock warrants expense, $0.9 million of debt issuance amortization costs, $0.8 million of amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets, a $0.4 million loss on decommissioned satellites and impairment of assets, and a $0.2 gain on other, net. Changes in operating assets and liabilities primarily included a $7.1 million decrease in contract liabilities, a $2.6 million increase in accounts receivable, net, a $1.5 million decrease in accounts payable, a $0.9 million decrease in operating lease liabilities, and a $0.6 million increase in contract assets, partially offset by an $8.1 million decrease in other current assets, a $1.0 million increase in other accrued expenses, a $0.5 million decrease in other long-term assets, and a $0.3 million increase in accrued wages and benefits.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

Cash flows from investing activities primarily relate to cash used for business acquisitions, the procurement, development, and deployment of capital assets, including satellites and related launch costs, ground stations, machinery and equipment, furniture, computer equipment and software, and leasehold improvements.

The following table summarizes our net cash used in investing activities relating to capital expenditures by source of spend:

(dollars in thousands)

Net cash used in investing activities was $8.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025. The net cash used in investing activities was driven by purchases of property and equipment of $8.9 million.

Net cash used in investing activities was $7.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. This was driven by purchases of $10.9 million in short-term investments and $7.1 million of investment in property and equipment, partially offset by $10.8 million in maturities of short-term investments.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

Cash flows from financing activities relate primarily to net proceeds from the securities purchase agreements.

Net cash provided by financing activities was $37.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025. The net cash provided by financing activities was driven by proceeds from the 2025 Private Placement of $37.3 million, and proceeds from exercise of stock options of $0.6 million.

Net cash provided by financing activities was $38.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. This was driven by $37.9 million of proceeds from securities purchase agreements with Signal Ocean Ltd. and certain institutional investors and $0.3 million of proceeds from exercise of stock options.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP. In the preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements, we are required to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, costs and expenses and related disclosures. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and assumptions. Our actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates as compared to those disclosed in Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” in our 2024 Form 10-K/A.

Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted and Not Yet Adopted

See Note 2 to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Emerging Growth Company Status

We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, as modified by the Jumpstart our Business Startups Act (the “JOBS Act”). Under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards issued subsequent to the enactment of the JOBS Act until such time as those standards apply to private companies. We have elected to use this extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until the earlier of the date that we are (i) no longer an emerging growth company or (ii) affirmatively and irrevocably opt out of the extended transition period provided in the JOBS Act. As a result, our condensed consolidated financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with the new or revised accounting pronouncements as of public company effective dates.

Smaller Reporting Company Status

Additionally, we are a “smaller reporting company” as defined in Item 10(f)(1) of Regulation S-K. Smaller reporting companies may take advantage of certain reduced disclosure obligations, including, among other things, providing only two years of audited financial statements. We will remain a smaller reporting company until the last day of the fiscal year in which (i) the market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates exceeds $250 million as of the prior June 30, or (ii) our annual revenues exceeded $100 million during such completed fiscal year and the market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the prior June 30.

Foreign Currency Exchange Risk

Our results of operations and cash flows are subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, particularly changes in the Euro, British Pound Sterling, Singapore Dollar, and Canadian Dollar and may be adversely affected in the future due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. We continue to experience foreign currency fluctuations primarily due to the periodic re-measurement of our foreign currency monetary account balances that are denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the entities in which they are recorded. Changes in exchange rates may negatively affect our revenue and other results of operations as expressed in U.S. dollars. We do not currently engage in foreign exchange hedging contracts. As we continue to expand our international presence, we will assess options for mitigating foreign exchange risk.

We have experienced and will continue to experience fluctuations in our net loss as a result of gains or losses related to revaluing certain asset and current liability balances that are denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the entities in which they are recorded. We had gains of $3.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and losses of $1.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. A hypothetical 10% strengthening or weakening of the U.S. Dollar relative to the currencies in which our revenue and expenses are denominated would have resulted in an increase or decrease in our pre-tax loss of approximately $1.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025.

Interest Rate Sensitivity

As of March 31, 2025, we had cash and cash equivalents totaling $35.9 million, which were held primarily in demand deposit accounts. The cash and cash equivalents are held for working capital purposes or strategic investment purposes.

As of March 31, 2025, we were exposed to market risks related to fluctuations in interest rates related to the Blue Torch Credit Facility. The Blue Torch Credit Facility accrued interest at a floating rate, based, at our election, on either a reference rate or a 3-month Term SOFR rate (subject to a 1.0% floor), plus an interest rate margin of 7.0% for reference rate borrowings and 8.0% for 3-month Term SOFR borrowings, plus an incremental Term SOFR margin of 0.26161%. Accordingly, increases in SOFR previously increased our interest payments under the Blue Torch Credit Facility. For example, a hypothetical increase of 100 basis points in the interest rate of the Blue Torch Credit Facility would have had an approximately $1.1 million impact on an annual basis on our results of operations. The SIF loan was interest free.

Inflation Risk

We are exposed to inflation risk. Inflationary factors, such as increases in component parts, labor and other overhead expenses, could impair our operating results. Although there has been an increase in inflation in recent periods, it has not had a substantial impact on our results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2025 or 2024. However, a higher rate of inflation in the future may have a negative impact on our operational and capital expenditures, which we may not be able to pass along as cost increases to our customers.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”), is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in company reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

We performed an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rule(s) 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of March 31, 2025. Based upon that evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of March 31, 2025 because of a material weakness in our disclosure controls and procedures and the material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting described below. Specifically, we did not design and maintain effective policies and procedures related to the communication between the finance and accounting teams regarding the status of the review and approval of documents to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Notwithstanding the material weaknesses described below, our management has concluded that our condensed consolidated financial statements for the periods covered by and included in this Quarterly Report are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) and fairly present, in all material respects, our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for each of the periods presented herein.

Material Weaknesses in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The following material weaknesses were identified:

i. We did not design and maintain an effective control environment commensurate with the financial reporting requirements of a public company. Specifically, we lacked a sufficient number of professionals with an appropriate level of internal controls and accounting knowledge, training, and experience to appropriately analyze, record and disclose accounting matters timely and accurately. Additionally, the lack of a sufficient number of professionals resulted in an inability to consistently establish appropriate authorities and responsibilities in pursuit of our financial reporting objectives, as demonstrated by, among other things, insufficient segregation of duties in our finance and accounting functions. This material weakness contributed to the following additional material weaknesses.

ii. We did not design and maintain an effective risk assessment process at a precise enough level to identify new and evolving risks of material misstatement in our financial statements. Specifically, changes to existing controls or the implementation of new controls have not been sufficient to respond to changes to the risks of material misstatement in the financial statements.

iii.We did not design and maintain effective controls over the segregation of duties related to journal entries and account reconciliations. Specifically, certain personnel have the ability to both (a) create and post journal entries within our general ledger system, and (b) prepare and review account reconciliations.

The material weaknesses above resulted in certain immaterial audit adjustments, which were recorded prior to the issuance of the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2020.

iv. We did not design and maintain effective controls over the accounting for our Space Services and R&D Services solutions contracts with customers. Specifically, we did not design and maintain effective controls over the identification of performance obligations to ensure revenue is recognized at the time performance obligations are satisfied, the identification and accounting for embedded leases, the classification and accounting for costs incurred in connection with performing services, and the recognition of allowances for current expected credit losses. This material weakness resulted in the restatement of our previously filed financial statements for the Affected Periods.

v. We did not design and maintain effective controls related to the identification of and accounting for certain non-routine, unusual or complex transactions, including the proper application of GAAP to such transactions. Specifically, we did not design and maintain:

a. controls to timely identify and account for warrant instruments, which resulted in the restatement of the previously issued financial statements of NavSight related to adjustments to warrant liabilities and equity as of and for the year ended December 31, 2020;

b. controls to account for business combinations, including the associated valuation estimates and the completeness and accuracy of the opening balance sheet, which did not result in a misstatement to our consolidated financial statements; and

c. controls to timely identify and account for the fair value of the contingent earnout liability, which resulted in an error in the fair value of the contingent earnout liability in, and the restatement of, our previously issued unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as of and for each of the interim periods ended September 30, 2021, March 31, 2022 and June 30, 2022 and our consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Additionally, each of the material weaknesses described above could result in a misstatement of substantially all of our accounts or disclosures that would result in a material misstatement to the annual or interim consolidated financial statements that would not be prevented or detected.

Remediation Efforts on Material Weaknesses in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

In response to the material weaknesses identified, we have implemented several changes to our internal control over financial reporting and will continue performing remedial actions in 2025, as described below.

The remediation and ultimate resolution of each of the material weaknesses will be reviewed with the Audit Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors.

We have made progress to address the material weaknesses related to the control environment, as described below:

Key Professionals

In fiscal 2022 and 2023 and continuing to date, we identified and hired a number of professionals with appropriate levels of internal controls and accounting knowledge to improve the overall domestic and international financial accounting and reporting departments. The positions hired include chief accounting officer, director of accounting and Americas controller, director of technical accounting, accounting manager, senior and staff accountants, senior financial systems manager, and system administrator. In addition, we engaged with external consultants and experts to provide technical accounting and financial systems services. The Company continues to monitor personnel requirements and expertise needed to have an effective control environment, including providing necessary ongoing training to its finance and accounting personnel.

Risk Assessment

We engaged a third-party consulting firm to assist in designing and implementing a risk assessment process to identify and evaluate changes in the Company’s business and the impact on its internal controls. During fiscal 2023, we conducted a financial risk assessment to identify key business processes and establish internal materiality thresholds. We performed walkthroughs of all key processes, identified key controls, and developed narratives describing risk points, processes, and corresponding controls. A Risk and Control Matrix (“RCM”) was created to serve as the basis for a testing program. During the first six months of fiscal year 2024, we updated our process narratives to reflect improvements we have made to our processes, tested the design of key controls, implemented remediation actions for deficiencies noted during our tests of design, and began our testing of effectiveness of internal controls. We continue to utilize the expertise of a third-party consulting firm, although we expect to place greater reliance on our internal resources as our organization matures.

We engaged a third-party consulting firm to complete an initial Enterprise Risk Assessment (“ERA”). During fiscal 2023, with the assistance of the consulting firm, we identified key risks for technology-based organizations and interviewed management team members and the Chair of the Audit Committee to discuss key risk areas. We reviewed responses received, compiled a list of identified risks, and developed heat maps to depict the likelihood, impact, and preparedness of the Company to respond to the identified risks. Action and testing plans were developed to address the risks. During the three months ended June 30, 2024, we began our annual ERA following the same process implemented during fiscal 2023. We have completed our interviews of management team members, identified and discussed the various risks faced by our business, prioritized five key risks that will be management’s focus, and assigned executive leaders to develop a mitigation response for each key risk.

Segregation of Duties

During fiscal year 2022, we completed our initial assessment on segregation of duties with assistance from a third-party consulting firm and our analysis across all processes and locations, including establishing appropriate authorities and responsibilities. During 2022, we designed controls over the segregation of duties related to journal entries and account reconciliations, by designing automated controls that prevent the same person from creating and posting journal entries in our general ledger system. With the hiring of additional personnel including a senior financial system manager in late 2022, and an accounts receivable specialist and a senior accountant in 2023, we were able to implement additional controls to segregate the preparation and review of account reconciliations during fiscal year 2023. During the first three months of fiscal year 2024, we hired another senior accountant and have implemented accounting software to automate the segregation between the preparation and review of account reconciliations. Additionally, we have reviewed segregation of duties within our key accounting processes and developed a plan to remediate segregation of duties issues.

We expect to remediate the material weakness after we complete our testing of design, implementation, and operating effectiveness of internal controls.

Non-routine, Unusual or Complex Transactions

Over the course of 2022, we hired key accounting personnel and engaged with third-party technical accounting experts to improve our controls related to the identification of and proper application of GAAP accounting for non-routine, unusual, or complex transactions. Since the Merger that occurred in August 2021, warrant instruments have been accounted for in accordance with our accounting policies based on GAAP. During the fourth quarter of 2022, we trained our accounting team and designed new controls to identify and account for the fair value of the contingent earnout liability, and hired a third-party technical accounting firm to assist with the proper application of GAAP for non-routine, unusual, or complex transactions, including any business combinations that may arise in the future. With the addition of the director of technical accounting in fiscal year 2023 and the addition of a chief accounting officer in fiscal year 2024, we have placed greater reliance on our internal resources to address non-routine, unusual, or complex transactions. For the three months ended March 31, 2025, we continued to rely on the expertise of third-party valuation consultants to assist with estimating the fair value of our contingent earnout liability. We will consider engaging third-party accounting consultants for non-routine, unusual or complex transactions in the future to augment our internal resources if the circumstances warrant it.

We have tested the controls designed for non-routine, unusual or complex transactions and are in the process of testing the controls for operating effectiveness. We expect to remediate this material weakness after we have completed our testing of operating effectiveness and finalized our policy for business combinations.

Space Services and R&D Services Contracts

We are implementing measures designed to improve our internal control over financial reporting to remediate the material weakness over the accounting for our Space Services and R&D Services contracts with customers. In our remediation plan, we are including enhanced training, updating our revenue recognition procedures and engaging external experts to assist with complex revenue contract arrangements.

While the above actions and planned actions are subject to ongoing management evaluation and will require validation and testing of the design and operating effectiveness of internal controls over a sustained period, we are committed to continuous improvement and will continue to diligently review our internal control over financial reporting. The material weaknesses will not be considered remediated until management completes the design and implementation of the measures described above, until the controls operate for a sufficient period of time, and until management has concluded, through testing, that the controls are effective.

Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures

Our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, do not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of a simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls is also based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate. Due to inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes (other than those described above) in our internal control over financial reporting during the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2025 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Our operations and financial results are subject to various risks and uncertainties. You should carefully consider the factors described in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in the 2024 Form 10-K/A, and as described below, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, and the trading price of our stock. Except as set forth below, there have been no material changes to our risk factors included in our 2024 Form 10-K/A. Our business, financial condition, results of operations, or prospects could also be harmed by risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently do not believe are material.

Significant political, trade, regulatory developments, and other circumstances beyond our control, including as a result of recently announced tariffs, could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations.

We operate globally and sell our products in countries throughout the world. Significant political, trade, or regulatory developments in the jurisdictions in which we sell our products, such as those stemming from the change in the U.S. federal administration, are difficult to predict and may have a material adverse effect on us. Similarly, changes in U.S. federal policy that affect the geopolitical landscape could give rise to circumstances outside our control that could have negative impacts on our business operations. For example, in April 2025, the United States imposed broad tariffs on imports from virtually all countries, with particularly high tariffs on imports from China. Since this announcement, tariffs exceeding 10% for countries other than China have been suspended temporarily. In response to tariffs, some countries have implemented retaliatory tariffs on U.S. goods, while others seek to negotiate agreements regarding U.S.-imposed tariffs. Historically, tariffs have led to increased trade and political tensions and, to date, the outcome of the negotiations between the United States and the various countries is not yet clear. Political tensions as a result of trade policies could reduce trade volume, investment, technological exchange and other economic activities between major international economies, resulting in a material adverse effect on global economic conditions and the stability of global financial markets. Any changes in political, trade, regulatory, and economic conditions, including U.S. trade policies and any further increases in existing tariff rates, could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations.