Autoliv Inc: Form 10-Q for the period ended Jun 30, 2025

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying Notes thereto included elsewhere herein and with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on February 20, 2025. Unless otherwise noted, all dollar amounts are in millions.

Autoliv, Inc. (“Autoliv” or the “Company”) is a Delaware corporation with its principal executive offices in Stockholm, Sweden. The Company functions as a holding corporation and owns two principal operating subsidiaries, Autoliv AB and Autoliv ASP, Inc.

Through its operating subsidiaries, Autoliv is a supplier of automotive safety systems with a broad range of product offerings, including modules and components for passenger and driver airbags, side airbags, curtain airbags, seatbelts, steering wheels, and pedestrian protection systems.

Autoliv’s filings with the SEC, including this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, annual reports on Form 10-K, current reports on Form 8-K, proxy statements, and all of our other reports and statements, and amendments thereto, are available free of charge on our corporate website at www.autoliv.com (http://www.autoliv.com) as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC (generally the same day as the filing).

The primary exchange market for Autoliv’s securities is the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") where Autoliv’s common stock trades under the symbol “ALV”. Autoliv’s Swedish Depositary Receipts ("SDRs") are traded on Nasdaq Stockholm’s list for large market cap companies under the symbol “ALIV SDB”. Options in SDRs trade on Nasdaq Stockholm under the name “Autoliv SDB”. Options in Autoliv shares are traded on Nasdaq OMX PHLX and on NYSE Amex Options under the symbol “ALV”.

Autoliv’s fiscal year ends on December 31.

Non-U.S. GAAP financial measures

Some of the following discussions refer to non-U.S. GAAP financial measures: see reconciliations for “Organic sales,” “Free operating cash flow,” “Cash conversion,” “Net debt,” “Leverage ratio,” “Adjusted net income,” “Adjusted operating income,” “Adjusted operating margin,” “Adjusted earnings per share, diluted,” “Adjusted return on capital employed,” and “Adjusted return on total equity” provided below. Management believes that these non-U.S. GAAP financial measures provide supplemental information to investors regarding the performance of the Company’s business and assist investors in analyzing trends in the Company's business. Additional descriptions regarding management’s use of these financial measures are included below. Investors should consider these non-U.S. GAAP financial measures in addition to, rather than as substitutes for, financial reporting measures prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. These historical non-U.S. GAAP financial measures have been identified as applicable in each section of this report with a tabular presentation reconciling them to the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP financial measures. It should be noted that these measures, as defined, may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies.

EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW

We are pleased to, in a turbulent market environment, report a record breaking second quarter for sales, operating income and margin as well as EPS. The performance was driven by good sales development coupled with successful actions to reduce costs and achieve tariff compensations. We outperformed in Americas, Europe and Asia excl. China and continued to outperform global LVP despite strong headwinds from LVP mix shifts, particularly in China. Based on a positive trend during the second quarter and a record number of new launches we continue to expect a significantly improved sales versus LVP in China in the second half year.

We remain focused on operational efficiency, commercial excellence and our cost reduction programs. Direct headcount was reduced by 6% while sales grew 3% organically (Non-U.S. GAAP measure, see reconciliation table below), which together with continued repurchases of shares, contributed to a 27% increase in EPS. We remain confident that we can continue to successfully receive compensation from our customers for tariffs, although the industry outlook for tariffs is uncertain. We recovered around 80% of tariff costs in the second quarter, and we expect to recover most of what remains later in the year. We continue to closely monitor and evaluate the situation, focusing on being adaptive and agile.

At our Capital Markets Day in June, we reiterated our financial targets and communicated a new share repurchase program of up to $2.5 billion until the end of 2029 as well as announced a 21% dividend increase for the third quarter to $0.85 per share. Our increased shareholder return ambitions are supported by our strong balance sheet and cash conversion.

Our 2025 guidance for organic sales growth (Non-U.S. GAAP measure) has increased to around 3% due to tariff compensations, and we reiterate our guidance of an adjusted operating margin (Non-U.S. GAAP measure) of around 10-10.5%.

Financial highlights in the three months period ended June 30, 2025

Change figures below compare to the same period of the previous year, except when stated otherwise.

$2,714 million net sales

4.2% net sales increase

3.4% organic sales growth (Non-U.S. GAAP measure, see reconciliation table below)

9.1% operating margin

9.3% adjusted operating margin (Non-U.S. GAAP measure, see reconciliation table below)

$2.16 diluted EPS, 27% increase

$2.21 adjusted diluted EPS (Non-U.S. GAAP measure, see reconciliation table below), 18% increase

Key business developments in the three months period ended June 30, 2025

Change figures below compare to the same period of the previous year, except when stated otherwise.

• Net sales increased organically (Non-U.S. GAAP measure, see reconciliation table below) by 3.4%, which was 0.7pp higher than the global LVP increase of 2.7% (S&P Global July 2025). Regional and customer LVP mix is estimated to have had about 2.5pp negative impact on sales, while tariff compensations added around 1pp to growth. We outperformed in Americas, Europe and Asia excl. China, mainly due to product launches and tariff compensations. In China, our growth gap versus LVP was smaller compared to recent quarters, due to improved sales performance with Chinese OEMs. We expect that our record number of new launches will significantly improve our relative sales performance in China in the second half of 2025.
• Profitability improved significantly, mainly due to organic sales growth and successful execution of cost reductions. Total headcount decreased by 5%. We estimate that the negative impact from U.S. tariffs was around 35bps on operating margin, as we managed to pass on most of the tariff costs to our customers. Operating income increased by 20% to $247 million and adjusted operating income (Non-U.S. GAAP measure, see reconciliation table below) increased by 14% to $251 million. Operating margin was 9.1% and adjusted operating margin (Non-U.S. GAAP measure, see reconciliation table below) was 9.3%. ROCE was 23.8% and adjusted ROCE (Non-U.S. GAAP measure, see reconciliation table below) was 24.1%.
• Operating cash flow was lower than last year, as Q2 2024 was boosted by positive, timing related working capital effects, while working capital changes in 2025 were more normal. This was partly offset by lower capex, net. The leverage ratio (Non-U.S. GAAP measure, see reconciliation table below) of 1.3x is well below our target limit of 1.5x. In the quarter, a dividend of $0.70 per share was paid and 0.5 million shares were repurchased and retired.

Business and market condition update for the three months period ended June 30, 2025

Supply Chain

In the second quarter of 2025, global LVP increased by 2.7% year-over-year (according to S&P Global July 2025). Call-off volatility improved slightly compared to a year earlier and was comparable to the first quarter of 2025, although it remains higher than pre-pandemic levels. Low customer demand visibility and changes to customer call-offs with short notice, although it improved, continued to have some negative impact on our production efficiency and profitability. We expect call-off volatility in 2025 on average to be slightly lower than it was in 2024 but still remain higher than pre-pandemic levels. However, the continued uncertainty regarding future changes in tariffs and trade restrictions may lead to a more negative call-off volatility environment.

Inflation

In the second quarter, cost pressure from labor and other items impacted our profitability negatively, although to a lesser degree than in the second quarter of 2024. Most of the inflationary cost pressure was offset by price increases and other customer compensations in the quarter. Raw material price changes had a slightly negative impact on our profitability during the quarter. We expect raw material costs in 2025 to be slightly higher than in 2024. We expect cost pressure from general inflation to moderate in 2025, but we still expect some pressure coming mainly from labor, especially in Europe and the Americas and potentially from tariffs. The continued uncertainty regarding effects of tariffs and trade restrictions may lead to a more adverse inflation environment. We continue to execute on productivity and cost reduction initiatives to offset these cost pressures.

Geopolitical risks and tariffs

The effects from the new tariffs imposed in the first quarter did not have a material impact on our profitability in the second quarter, as we achieved customer compensations for almost all tariff costs. It is our ambition and expectation that we will continue to pass on tariff costs to our customers, although there is significant uncertainty. We recovered around 80% of the tariffs in the second quarter, and we expect to recover most of what remains later in the year. The impact of the tariffs not yet recovered on our operating income was around $7 million negative in the quarter. Including the dilutive effect of tariffs recovered, operating margin was negatively impacted by around 35 bps. For the full year 2025, we expect the tariff dilution on our operating margin to be around 20 bps. Geopolitical uncertainties will continue to create a challenging operating environment. We also believe there will be new or increased or changed tariffs or other related trade restrictions imposed in 2025 that may impact our operations and which contributes to the uncertainty of industry expectations. We continue to closely monitor the situation and are prepared to remain agile in responding to any such developments.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Overview

The following table shows some of the key ratios management uses internally to analyze the Company's current and future financial performance and core operations as well as to identify trends in the Company’s financial conditions and results of operations. The Company has provided this information to investors to assist in meaningful comparisons of past and present operating results and to assist in highlighting the results of ongoing core operations. These ratios are more fully explained below and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K and the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

The Company's management uses the Return on capital employed (ROCE) and Return on total equity (ROE) measures for purposes of comparing its financial performance with the financial performance of other companies in the industry and providing useful information regarding the factors and trends affecting the Company’s business. As used by the Company, ROCE is annualized operating income and income from equity method investments relative to average capital employed. The Company believes ROCE is a useful indicator of long-term performance both absolute and relative to the Company's peers as it allows for a comparison of the profitability of the Company’s capital employed in its business relative to that of its peers.

ROE is the ratio of annualized income (loss) relative to average total equity for the periods presented. The Company’s management believes that ROE is a useful indicator of how well management creates value for its shareholders through its operating activities and its capital management.

KEY RATIOS

(Dollars in millions, except per share data)

1) Outstanding receivables relative to annualized quarterly sales.

2) Outstanding inventory relative to annualized quarterly sales.

3) Outstanding payables relative to annualized quarterly sales.

4) Gross profit relative to sales.

5) Operating income relative to sales.

6) Total equity and net debt.

7) Net debt adjusted for pension liabilities in relation to EBITDA. See tabular presentation reconciling this non-U.S. GAAP measure to U.S. GAAP below.

8) Net income relative to average total equity.

9) Operating income and income from equity method investments, relative to average capital employed.

10) Employees plus temporary, hourly personnel.

three months period ended June 30, 2025 COMPARED WITH three months period ended June 30, 2024

Consolidated Sales Development

(dollars in millions)

1) Effects from currency translations.

2) Including Corporate sales.

3) Non-U.S. GAAP measure.

Sales by product - Airbags, Steering Wheels and Other

Sales grew organically (Non-U.S. GAAP measure, see reconciliation table above) by 3.1% in the quarter. The largest contributor to the increase was inflatable curtains, side airbags and steering wheels, followed by center airbags. This was partly offset by a decline for knee airbags, while sales of driver airbags and passenger airbags were close to unchanged.

Sales by product - Seatbelts and Other

Sales for Seatbelt Products and Other grew organically (Non-U.S. GAAP measure, see reconciliation table above) by 4.0% in the quarter. Sales increased organically in all regions, led by strong growth in Americas followed by Asia excluding China, Europe and China.

Sales by region

Our global organic sales (Non-U.S. GAAP measure, see reconciliation table above) increased by 3.4% compared to the global LVP increase of 2.7% (according to S&P Global, July 2025). The 0.7pp outperformance was mainly driven by product launches and tariff compensations. We estimate that the regional and model LVP mix contributed to about 2.5pp underperformance. This was particularly accentuated in China. Our organic sales growth (Non-U.S. GAAP measure) outperformed LVP growth by 5.0pp in Americas, by 4.9pp in Europe and by 1.4pp in Asia excluding China, while we underperformed by 7.0pp in China.

LVP growth in China was driven by domestic OEMs with typically lower safety content. LVP for global OEMs declined by 4% while it increased by 16% for domestic OEMs. Autoliv's sales growth with domestic OEMs also grew by 16%. Our sales performance relative to LVP in China in Q2 is a significant improvement over recent quarters, and in June, we outperformed LVP in China. We expect that our strong order intake with domestic OEMs and a record high number of new launches will improve our relative sales performance in China in 2025 in the second half of 2025.

Second quarter of 2025 organic growth1)

1) Non-U.S. GAAP measure.

Light Vehicle Production Development

Change second quarter of 2025 versus second quarter of 2024

1) Source: S&P Global, July 2025.

Earnings

(Dollars in millions, except per share data)

1) Non-U.S. GAAP measure, excluding effects from capacity alignments and antitrust related matters.

2) Net of treasury shares.

Second quarter of 2025 financial development

Gross profit increased by $27 million, and the gross margin increased by 0.3pp compared to the prior year. The drivers behind the gross profit improvement were mainly improved operational efficiency with lower costs for labor, premium freight, waste and scrap and logistics. We also had positive effects from the organic sales growth partly offset by negative effects from un-recovered tariff costs.

S,G&A costs increased by $7 million compared to the prior year, mainly due to higher costs for personnel and increased credit loss reserves following generally increased default risk rate for the automotive industry. S,G&A costs in relation to sales increased from 5.3% to 5.4%.

R,D&E, net costs decreased by $9 million compared to the prior year, mainly due to higher engineering income and positive foreign currency translation effects. R,D&E, net, in relation to sales decreased from 4.5% to 3.9%.

Other income (expense), net was negative $1 million, compared to negative $14 million in the same period last year. The difference compared to last year is almost entirely due to lower restructuring costs.

Operating income increased by $41 million compared to the prior year, due to the higher gross profit, lower costs for R,D&E, net, and the improvement in Other income (expense), partly offset by higher costs for S,G&A, as outlined above.

Adjusted operating income (Non-U.S. GAAP measure, see reconciliation table above) increased by $30 million compared to the prior year, due to the higher gross profit, lower costs for R,D&E, net, and the improvement in Other income (expense), partly offset by higher costs for S,G&A, as outlined above.

Financial and non-operating items, net, was negative $27 million compared to negative $23 million a year earlier. The increase comes mainly from other non-operating items, net, which was negative $3 million for Q2 2025 compared to positive $1 million in Q2 2024.

Income before taxes increased by $38 million compared to the prior year, mainly due to the higher operating income.

Tax rate was unchanged at 24.1%. Discrete tax items, net, had a favorable impact of 4.3pp in the second quarter of 2025, while discrete tax items, net had a favorable impact of 4.9pp in the corresponding quarter last year.

Earnings per share, diluted increased by $0.46 compared to the prior year. The main drivers were $0.39 from higher operating income and $0.10 from lower number of outstanding shares, diluted, partly offset by $0.03 from financial items and $0.01 from taxes.

six months period ended June 30, 2025 compared with six months period ended June 30, 2024

Consolidated Sales Development

(dollars in millions)

1) Effects from currency translations.

2) Including Corporate sales.

3) Non-U.S. GAAP measure.

Sales by product - Airbags, Steering Wheels and Other

Sales grew organically (Non-U.S. GAAP measure, see reconciliation table above) by 2.4% in the quarter. The largest contributor to the increase was side airbags and inflatable curtains, followed by steering wheels and center airbags. This was partly offset by declines for knee airbags and modest declines for driver airbags and passenger airbags.

Sales by product - Seatbelts and Other

Sales for Seatbelt Products and Other grew organically (Non-U.S. GAAP measure, see reconciliation table above) by 3.6% in the quarter. Sales growth was mainly driven by Americas and Asia excluding China while Europe and China was close to unchanged.

Sales by region

Our global organic sales (Non-U.S. GAAP measure, see reconciliation table above) increased by 2.8% compared to the global LVP increase of 3.1% (according to S&P Global, July 2025). The relative performance was positively impacted by product launches and pricing. This was more than offset by negative effects from the regional and model LVP mix development, which we estimate contributed to about 3pp underperformance. This was particularly accentuated in China. Our organic sales growth outperformed LVP growth by 5.7pp in Europe, by 4.7pp in Americas and by 2.6pp in Asia excluding China, while we underperformed by 11pp in China.

LVP growth in China in the first six months was driven by domestic OEMs with typically lower safety content. LVP for global OEMs declined by 4% while it increased by 21% for domestic OEMs. Autoliv's sales to domestic OEMs increased by 17% in the first half of 2025. We expect that our strong order intake with domestic OEMs and a record number of new launches will significantly improve Autoliv's sales performance in China in the second half of 2025

First six months 2025 organic growth1)

1) Non-U.S. GAAP measure.

Light Vehicle Production Development

Change first six months of 2024 versus first six months of 2024

1) Source: S&P Global, July 2025.

Earnings

(Dollars in millions, except per share data)

1) Non-U.S. GAAP measure, excluding effects from capacity alignments and antitrust related matters.

2) Net of treasury shares.

First six months 2025 financial development

Gross profit increased by $63 million, and the gross margin increased by 0.9pp compared to the prior year. The drivers behind the gross profit improvement were mainly improved operational efficiency with lower costs for labor, premium freight, logistics and waste and scrap. We also had positive effects from the organic sales growth partly offset by negative effects from material costs and un-recovered tariffs.

S,G&A costs increased by $20 million compared to the prior year, mainly due to increased credit loss reserves following generally higher default risk rate for the automotive industry and higher IT costs, as well as minor cost increases for other items, including personnel costs, partly offset by positive foreign currency translation effects. S,G&A costs in relation to sales increased from 5.2% to 5.5%.

R,D&E, net costs decreased by $27 million compared to the prior year, with $10 million of the improvement coming from higher engineering income. The decrease was also driven by $7 million from positive foreign currency translation effects and $4 million in lower personnel costs and $4 million in lower costs for professional services. R,D&E, net, in relation to sales decreased from 4.4% to 3.8%.

Other income (expense), net was positive $14 million, compared to negative $18 million in the same period last year. The improvement compared to last year is due to lower restructuring costs and the recycled accumulated currency translation differences related to the divestment of our idled operations in Russia in Q1 2025.

Operating income increased by $102 million compared to the prior year, due to the higher gross profit, lower costs for R,D&E, net, and the improvement in Other income (expense), partly offset by higher costs for S,G&A, as outlined above.

Adjusted operating income (Non-U.S. GAAP measure) increased by $86 million compared to the prior year, due to the higher gross profit, lower costs for R,D&E, net, and the improvement in Other income (expense), partly offset by higher costs for S,G&A, as outlined above.

Financial and non-operating items, net, was negative $48 million compared to negative $43 million a year earlier. The increase was mainly due to higher interest income in 2024 due to higher cash holdings, and lower other non-operating items, net, in 2025.

Income before taxes increased by $97 million compared to the prior year, mainly due to the higher operating income.

Tax rate was 26.1% compared to 25.5% in the prior year. Discrete tax items, net, had a favorable impact of 2.1pp in the first six months of 2025 compared to 3.7pp favorable impact in the same period last year.

Earnings per share, diluted increased by $1.09 compared to the prior year. The main drivers were $0.92 from higher operating income and $0.24 from lower number of outstanding shares, diluted, partly offset by $0.04 from financial items and $0.03 from taxes.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

The Company does not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a material current or future effect on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows. The Company’s future contractual obligations have not changed materially from the amounts reported in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 filed with the SEC on February 20, 2025.

Second quarter of 2025 development

Changes in operating working capital impacted operating cash flow by $15 million positive compared to an impact of $128 million positive in the prior year. The relatively large positive effects from working capital in Q2 last year was related to timing effects while the impact from working capital in Q2 2025 can be considered to be more within normal variations and impacted by higher sales towards the end of the quarter. The working capital decrease in the quarter of $15 million was mainly a result of $113 million in positive effects from accounts payables and accrued expenses, $9 million from deferred income taxes and $4 million from lower inventories. This was partly offset by $110 million in increased receivables partly due to tariff recoveries not yet paid.

Operating cash flow decreased by $63 million to $277 million compared to the prior year, mainly because of less favorable effects from changes in operating working capital, as outlined above.

Capital expenditure, net (see definition in reconciliation table below) decreased by $32 million compared to the prior year. The level of capital expenditure, net, in relation to sales declined to 4.2% versus 5.6% a year earlier. The lower level of capital expenditure, net is mainly related to the lower activity level of footprint optimization in Europe and Americas and less capacity expansion, especially in Asia.

Free operating cash flow (Non-U.S. GAAP measure, see reconciliation table below) was positive $163 million compared to positive $194 million in the prior year. The decrease was due to the lower operating cash flow partly offset by the lower capital expenditure, net, as outlined above.

Cash conversion (Non-U.S. GAAP measure, see reconciliation table below) defined as free operating cash flow (Non-U.S. GAAP measure) in relation to net income, was 97% in the quarter compared to 140% a year earlier. The decline was a result of the lower free operating cash flow and higher net income.

Net debt (Non-U.S. GAAP measure, see reconciliation table below) was $1,752 million as of June 30, 2025, which was $172 million higher than a year earlier, mainly due to that in the last twelve months, dividends paid and share repurchases were higher than free operating cash flow as well as due to foreign currency effects.

Total equity as of June 30, 2025, increased by $169 million compared to June 30, 2024. This was mainly due to net income of $717 million and $69 million in positive currency translation effects, partly offset by $337 million in share repurchases, including taxes and $282 million in dividend payments.

Leverage ratio (Non-U.S. GAAP measure, see reconciliation table below): On June 30, 2025, the Company had a leverage ratio of 1.3x compared to 1.2x on June 30, 2024, following that the 12 months trailing adjusted EBITDA (Non-U.S. GAAP measure) increased by around $103 million while net debt (Non-U.S. GAAP measure) per the policy increased by around $324 million.

First six months of 2025 development

Operating cash flow decreased by $107 million to $355 million compared to the prior year, mainly because the increase in operating working capital was larger than the increase in net income.

Capital expenditure, net (see definition in reconciliation table below) decreased by $78 million compared to the prior year. The level of capital expenditure, net, in relation to sales declined to 3.9% versus 5.5% a year earlier. The lower level of capital expenditure, net is mainly related to the lower activity level of footprint optimization in Europe and Americas and less capacity expansion, especially in Asia.

Free operating cash flow (Non-U.S. GAAP measure, see reconciliation table below) was positive $147 million compared to positive $176 million in the prior year. The decrease was due to the lower operating cash flow partly offset by the lower capital expenditure, net, as outlined above.

Cash conversion (Non-U.S. GAAP measure, see reconciliation table below) defined as free operating cash flow (Non-U.S. GAAP measure) in relation to net income, was 44% for the period, compared to 66% in the prior year. The decline was a result of the lower free operating cash flow and higher net income.

NON-U.S. GAAP MEASURES

The Company believes that comparability between periods is improved through the exclusion of certain items. To assist investors in understanding the operating performance of Autoliv's business, it is useful to consider certain U.S. GAAP measures exclusive of these items.

The following tables reconciles Income before income taxes, Net income attributable to controlling interest, Capital employed, which are inputs utilized to calculate Return On Capital Employed (“ROCE”), adjusted ROCE and Return On Total Equity (“ROE”). The Company believes this presentation may be useful to investors and industry analysts who utilize these adjusted non-U.S. GAAP measures in their ROCE and ROE calculations to exclude certain items for comparison purposes across periods. Autoliv’s management uses the ROCE, adjusted ROCE and ROE measures for purposes of comparing its financial performance with the financial performance of other companies in the industry and providing useful information regarding the factors and trends affecting the Company’s business.

As used by the Company, ROCE is annualized operating income and income from equity method investments, relative to average capital employed. Adjusted ROCE is annualized operating income and income from equity method investments, relative to average capital employed as adjusted to exclude certain non-recurring items. See definitions of "annualized operating income" and "average capital employed" in footnote to the tables below. The Company believes ROCE and adjusted ROCE are useful indicators of long-term performance both absolute and relative to the Company's peers as it allows for a comparison of the profitability of the Company’s capital employed in its business relative to that of its peers.

ROE is the ratio of annualized income (loss) relative to average total equity for the periods presented. See definitions of "annualized income" "and "average total equity" in footnote to the tables below. The Company’s management believes that ROE is a useful indicator of how well management creates value for its shareholders through its operating activities and its capital management.

Accordingly, the tables below reconcile from U.S. GAAP to the equivalent non-U.S. GAAP measure.

Reconciliation of GAAP measure "Operating income" to Non-GAAP measure "Adjusted Operating income"

(Dollars in millions)

Reconciliation of GAAP measure "Operating margin" to Non-GAAP measure "Adjusted Operating margin"

Reconciliation of GAAP measure "Income before income taxes" to Non-GAAP measure "Adjusted Income before income taxes"

(Dollars in millions)

27

Reconciliation of GAAP measure "Net income" to Non-GAAP measure "Adjusted Net income"

(Dollars in millions)

Reconciliation of GAAP measure "Net income attributable to controlling interest" to Non-GAAP measure "Adjusted Net income attributable to controlling interest"

(Dollars in millions)

Reconciliation of GAAP measure "Earnings per share - diluted" to Non-GAAP measure "Adjusted Earnings per share - diluted"

Reconciliation of GAAP measure "Return on Capital Employed" to Non-GAAP measure "Adjusted Return on Capital Employed"

28

Reconciliation of GAAP measure "Return on Total Equity" to Non-GAAP measure "Adjusted Return on Total Equity"

Autoliv from time to time enters into “debt-related derivatives” (DRDs) as a part of its debt management and as part of efficiently managing the Company’s overall cost of funds. Creditors and credit rating agencies use net debt adjusted for DRDs in their analyses of the Company’s debt, therefore we provide this non-U.S. GAAP measure. DRDs are fair value adjustments to the carrying value of the underlying debt. Also included in the DRDs is the unamortized fair value adjustment related to a discontinued fair value hedge that will be amortized over the remaining life of the debt. By adjusting for DRDs, the total financial liability of net debt is disclosed without grossing debt up with currency or interest fair values.

Reconciliation of U.S. GAAP financial measure to “Net debt”

(Dollars in millions)

29

The non-U.S. GAAP measure “Net debt” is also used in the non-U.S. GAAP measure “Leverage ratio”. Management uses the non-U.S. GAAP measure “Leverage Ratio” to analyze the amount of debt the Company can incur under its debt policy. Management believes that this policy also provides guidance to credit and equity investors regarding the extent to which the Company would be prepared to leverage its operations. The Company's long-term target for the leverage ratio (sum of net debt plus pension liabilities divided by EBITDA) is 1.0x with the aim to operate within the range of 0.5x to 1.5x. For details and calculation of leverage ratio, refer to the table below.

Calculation of “Leverage ratio”

(Dollars in millions)

(Dollars in millions)

1) Net debt (non-U.S. GAAP measure) is short- and long-term debt and debt-related derivatives, less cash and cash equivalents.

2) Latest 12-months.

3) Interest expense, net including cost for extinguishment of debt, if any, less interest income.

Management uses the non-U.S. GAAP measure “free operating cash flow” to analyze the amount of cash flow being generated by the Company’s operations after capital expenditure, net. This measure indicates the Company’s cash flow generation level that enables strategic value creation options such as dividends or acquisitions. For details on the calculation of free operating cash flow, see the table below. Management uses the non-U.S. GAAP measure “cash conversion” to analyze the proportion of net income that is converted into free operating cash flow. The measure is a tool to evaluate how efficiently the Company utilizes its resources. For details on cash conversion, see the table below.

Reconciliation of GAAP measure "Operating cash flow" to "Free operating cash flow" and "Cash conversion"

(Dollars in millions)

30

Headcount

As of June 30, 2025, total headcount (Full Time Equivalent) decreased by around 3,600, or 5.2%, compared to a year earlier, despite that organic sales (Non-U.S. GAAP measure, see reconciliation table above) increased by 3.4%. The indirect workforce decreased by around 400, or 2.3%, mainly reflecting our structural reduction initiatives. The direct workforce decreased by approximately 3,200, or 6.2%. The decrease was supported by an improvement in customer call-off accuracy which enabled us to accelerate operating efficiency improvements.

Compared to March 31, 2025, total headcount (Full Time Equivalent) decreased by around 800, or 1.3%. Indirect headcount was unchanged while direct headcount decreased by approximately 900, or 1.8%.

Full year 2025 guidance

In addition to the assumptions and our business and market update noted below, our full year 2025 guidance is based on our customer call-offs, as well as the achievement of our targeted cost compensation adjustments with our customers, including for the new tariffs, no further material changes to tariffs or trade restrictions, as compared to what is in effect as of July 10, 2025, as well as no significant changes in the macro-economic environment, changes to customer call-off volatility or significant supply chain disruptions.

This report includes content supplied by S&P Global; Copyright © Light Vehicle Production Forecast, January, March and July 2025. All rights reserved.

The forward-looking non-U.S. GAAP financial measures above are provided on a non-U.S. GAAP basis. The Company has not provided a U.S. GAAP reconciliation of these measures because items that impact these measures, such as costs and gains related to capacity alignments and antitrust matters, cannot be reasonably predicted or determined. As a result, such reconciliation is not available without unreasonable efforts and the Company is unable to determine the probable significance of the unavailable information.

Other recent events

Key launches in the three months period ended June 30, 2025

• Deepal S09: Driver/Passenger Airbags, Side Airbags, Head/Inflatable Curtain Airbags, Seatbelts.
• Honda Ye P7: Driver/Passenger Airbags, Side Airbags, Head/Inflatable Curtain Airbags, Steering Wheel, Front Center Airbag, Seatbelts.
• Nio Firefly: Side Airbags, Front Center Airbag, Seatbelts.
• Nissan Roox: Seatbelts.
• Changan Avatr 06: Side Airbags, Head/Inflatable Curtain Airbags, Front Center Airbag, Seatbelts.
• Chery Fengyun A9: Side Airbags, Head/Inflatable Curtain Airbags, Front Center Airbag, Seatbelts.
• Nissan Leaf: Driver/Passenger Airbags, Knee Airbag, Front Center Airbag, Seatbelts.
• Renault 4: Driver/Passenger Airbags, Steering Wheel.
• Suzuki eVitara: Driver/Passenger Airbags, Side Airbags, Head/Inflatable Curtain Airbags, Knee Airbag, Steering Wheel.
• Daihatsu Move: Seatbelts.
• Lynk & Co 900: Side Airbags, Head/Inflatable Curtain Airbags, Front Center Airbag.
• Mitsubishi XFORCE: Driver/Passenger Airbags, Side Airbags, Head/Inflatable Curtain Airbags.
• In addition, we have two key EV launches with Chinese OEMs we cannot publish due to confidentiality.

Other Items

• On April 16, 2025, Autoliv announced it was named a 2025 Automotive News PACE Pilot Innovation to Watch. The recognition acknowledges post-pilot, pre-commercial innovations in the automotive and future mobility space. Autoliv was recognized for The Bernoulli™ Airbag Module. The Bernoulli Airbag Module addresses the challenge of inflating large airbags quickly and safely, and reducing heat generation and development costs by over 30%.
• On April 24, 2025, Autoliv announced it is entering a partnership with the ABB FIA Formula E World Championship, as the new Official Mobility Safety Partner. The partnership provides Autoliv with a platform to showcase its expertise and improve awareness of automotive safety in an electric racing setting.
• On April 25, 2025, Autoliv announced that it presented Omni Safety™, at the Shanghai International Automobile Industry Exhibition 2025. Omni Safety™ is a safety system designed to address critical risks to occupants in reclined seating positions in the event of a collision. This system integrates advanced seatbelt and airbag systems and related functionalities to redefine occupant safety.
• On June 4, 2025, Autoliv hosted its Capital Markets Day, where it reiterated its 2025 guidance and financial targets, and announced a sustainable increase in shareholder returns, including launching a new share repurchase program and a 21% dividend increase for the third quarter to $0.85 per share.
• On May 28, 2025, the Company repaid a SEK 3,000 million loan to Swedish Export Credit Corporation. On the same day, the Company took out a new 1-year SEK 2,000 million loan with Swedish Export Credit Corporation.
• On June 30, 2025, Autoliv announced that Fredrik Westin decided to resign as the Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President, Finance of the Company for personal reasons and to pursue a position in continental Europe. He remains in his current position until December 31, 2025, unless otherwise agreed by the parties. Mikael Bratt, President and CEO of the Company, said, "We sincerely thank Fredrik for his valuable contributions to Autoliv and the executive management team over the past five years. We wish him and his family all the best as they relocate." The recruitment process for the successor Chief Financial Officer has been launched.
• In Q2 2025, Autoliv repurchased and retired 0.5 million shares of common stock at an average price of $99.81

per share under the Autoliv 2022-2025 stock purchase program. These were the last purchases under this program. It is replaced by the 2029 stock repurchase program. Under this new program, repurchases may be made from July 1, 2025 through December 31, 2029. The maximum value of aggregate repurchases under this program is $2.5 billion. Repurchases of stock may be made directly on the NYSE or indirectly through the repurchase of SDRs traded on the Stockholm Nasdaq.

As of June 30, 2025, there have been no material changes to the information related to quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk that were provided in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 filed with the SEC on February 20, 2025.

(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

An evaluation has been carried out, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company's management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act")) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on such evaluation, the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the end of such period, the Company's disclosure controls and procedures are effective.

(b) Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have not been any changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the fiscal quarter to which this report relates that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Except for below, as of June 30, 2025, there have been no material changes to the risk factors that were previously disclosed in Item 1A in the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 filed with the SEC on February 20, 2025.

RISKS RELATED TO INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS

Our business is exposed to risks inherent in international operations

We currently conduct operations in various countries and jurisdictions, including locating certain of our manufacturing and distribution facilities internationally, which subjects us to the legal, political, regulatory and social requirements and economic conditions in these jurisdictions. Some of these countries are considered growth markets and emerging markets. International sales and operations, especially in growth markets, subject us to certain risks inherent in doing business abroad, including: exposure to local economic conditions; unexpected changes in laws, regulations, trade, or monetary or fiscal policy, including interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, and changes in inflation rates; foreign tax consequences; inability to collect, or delays in collecting, value-added taxes and/or other receivables associated with remittances and other payments by subsidiaries; exposure to local political turmoil and challenging labor conditions; changes in general economic and political conditions in countries where we operate, particularly in emerging markets; expropriation and nationalization; enforcing legal agreements or collecting receivables through foreign legal systems; wage inflation; currency controls, including lack of liquidity in foreign currency due to governmental restrictions, trade protection policies and currency controls, which may create difficulty in repatriating profits or making other remittances; compliance with the requirements of an increasing body of applicable anti-bribery laws; reduced intellectual property protection in various markets; investment restrictions or requirements; and the imposition of product tariffs and the burden of complying with a wide variety of international and U.S. export laws. The Company is subject to taxation in the U.S. and numerous foreign jurisdictions. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (“OECD”) continues its base erosion and profit shifting (“BEPS”) project begun in 2015 with new proposals for a global minimum tax, further development of a coordinated set of rules for taxation and the allocation of taxing rights between jurisdictions. These proposals, if adopted by countries in which we operate, could result in changes to tax policies, including transfer pricing policies, which could ultimately impact our tax liabilities.

Changes in tax laws or policies by the U.S. or foreign jurisdictions could result in a higher effective tax rate on our worldwide earnings, and any such change could have a material adverse effect on our business prospects, cash flows, operating results and financial condition.

Our international operations also depend upon favorable trade relations between the countries where we manufacture and sell products and those foreign countries in which our customers and suppliers have operations. The current U.S. presidential administration has created uncertainty about the future relationship between the U.S. and its trading partners, including with respect to the trade policies and agreements, treaties, government regulations and tariffs that could apply to trade between the U.S. and other nations. In February 2025, additional tariffs have been applied to imports from China and China responded with retaliatory tariffs on the import of American goods. In April 2025, the U.S. presidential administration imposed tariffs on all imports with limited exceptions. This included additional tariffs to imports from China and China again responded with retaliatory tariffs on the import of American goods. Changes in national policy, other governmental action related to tariffs or international trade agreements, changes in social, political, regulatory, and economic conditions or in laws and policies governing foreign trade, manufacturing, development and investment in the territories and countries where the Company currently manufactures and sells products, and any resulting negative sentiments towards the Company as a result of such changes could depress economic activity and restrict our access to suppliers or customers and have a material adverse effect on our cash flows, operating results and financial condition.

Increasing our manufacturing footprint in the growth markets and our business relationships with automotive manufacturers in these markets are particularly important elements of our strategy. As a result, our exposure to the risks described above may be greater in the future, and our exposure to risks associated with developing countries, such as the risk of political upheaval and reliability of local infrastructure, may increase. It could also impact importing certain foreign-produced vehicles into the U.S. Changes in national policy or continued uncertainty could depress economic activity and restrict our access to suppliers or customers and have a material adverse effect on our cash flows, operating results and financial condition. Additionally, such trade restrictions or material increases in tariffs could impact our targets, earnings guidance, and estimates. The ultimate impact of any tariffs, including any related responses, are uncertain and will depend on various factors, including if any tariffs are ultimately implemented, the timing of implementation, and the amount, scope, and nature of the tariffs. Any or all of these actions could adversely affect our business, financial condition and cash flows. Increasing our manufacturing footprint in the growth markets and our business relationships with automotive manufacturers in these markets are particularly important elements of our strategy. As a result, our exposure to the risks described above may be greater in the future, and our exposure to risks associated with developing countries, such as the risk of political upheaval and reliability of local infrastructure, may increase. It could also impact importing certain foreign-produced vehicles into the U.S. Changes in national policy or continued uncertainty could depress economic activity and restrict our access to suppliers or customers and have a material adverse effect on our cash flows, operating results and financial condition.