Barrett Business Services Inc: Form 10-Q for the period ended Jun 30, 2025

General

Company Background Barrett Business Services, Inc. (“BBSI,” the “Company,” “our” or “we”), is a leading provider of business management solutions for small and mid-sized companies. The Company has developed a management platform that integrates a knowledge-based approach from the management consulting industry with tools from the human resource outsourcing industry. This platform, through the effective leveraging of human capital, helps our business owner clients run their businesses more effectively. We believe this platform, delivered through a decentralized organizational structure, differentiates BBSI from our competitors. BBSI was incorporated in Maryland in 1965.

Business Strategy Our strategy is to align local operations teams with the mission of small and mid-sized business owners, driving value to their business. To do so, BBSI:

• partners with business owners to leverage their investment in human capital through a high-touch, results-oriented approach;
• brings predictability to each client organization through a three-tiered management platform; and
• enables business owners to focus on their core business by reducing organizational complexity and maximizing productivity.

Business Organization We operate a decentralized delivery model using operationally focused business teams, typically located within 50 miles of our client companies. These teams are led by experienced business generalists and include senior-level professionals with expertise in human resources, organizational development, risk mitigation and workplace safety, recruiting, employee benefits, and various types of administration, including payroll. These teams are responsible for growth and profitability of their operations, and for providing strategic leadership, guidance and expert consultation to our client companies. The decentralized structure fosters autonomous decision-making in which business teams deliver plans that closely align with the objectives of each business owner client.

Services Overview BBSI’s core purpose is to advocate for business owners, particularly in the small and mid-sized business segment. Our evolution from an entrepreneurially run company to a professionally managed organization has helped to form our view that all businesses experience inflection points at key stages of growth. The insights gained through our own growth, along with the trends we see in working with more than 8,100 companies each day, define our approach to guiding business owners through the challenges associated with being an employer. BBSI’s business teams align with each business owner client through a structured three-tiered progression. In doing so, business teams focus on the objectives of each business owner and deliver planning, guidance and resources in support of those objectives.

Tier 1: Tactical Alignment

The first stage focuses on the mutual setting of expectations and is essential to a successful client relationship. It begins with a process of assessment and discovery in which the business owner’s business objectives, philosophies, and culture are aligned with BBSI’s processes, controls and culture. This stage includes an implementation process, which addresses the administrative components of employment.

Tier 2: Dynamic Relationship

The second stage of the relationship emphasizes organizational development as a means of achieving each client’s business objectives. There is a focus on process improvement, development of best practices, supervisor training and leadership development.

Tier 3: Strategic Counsel

With an emphasis on advocacy on behalf of the business owner, the third stage of the relationship is more strategic and forward-looking with a goal of cultivating an environment in which all efforts are directed by the mission and long-term objectives of the business owner.

In addition to serving as a resource and guide, BBSI can provide workers’ compensation coverage as a means of meeting statutory requirements and protecting our clients from employment-related injury claims. Through our third-party administrators, we provide claims management services for our clients. We work to manage and reduce job injury claims, identify fraudulent claims and structure optimal work programs, including modified duty.

In 2023, BBSI began offering additional employee benefit programs to our clients. The benefit programs available to clients include medical, dental and vision plans, flexible spending accounts and health savings accounts, life insurance and voluntary accident coverage, and critical illness and disability coverage, among others. These additional employee benefit programs are offered through fully insured arrangements with third-party carriers and are designed to provide strategic value to our clients through access to best-in-class plans and service.

Results of Operations

The following table sets forth the percentages of total revenues represented by selected items in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 ($ in thousands):

We report PEO revenues net of direct payroll costs because we are not the primary obligor for wage payments to our clients’ employees. However, management believes that gross billings and wages are useful in understanding the volume of our business activity and serve as an important performance metric in managing our operations, including the preparation of internal operating forecasts and establishing executive compensation performance goals. We therefore present for purposes of analysis gross billings and wage information for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

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(in thousands)

In monitoring and evaluating the performance of our operations, management also reviews the following ratios, which represent selected amounts as a percentage of gross billings. Management believes these ratios are useful in understanding the efficiency and profitability of our service offerings.

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We refer to employees of our PEO clients as worksite employees (“WSEs”). Management reviews average and ending WSE growth to monitor and evaluate the performance of our operations. Average WSEs are calculated by dividing the number of unique individuals paid in each month by the number of months in the period. Ending WSEs represents the number of unique individuals paid in the last month of the period.

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Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024

Net income for the second quarter of 2025 amounted to $18.5 million compared to net income of $16.7 million for the second quarter of 2024. Diluted net income per share for the second quarter of 2025 was $0.70 compared to diluted net income per share of $0.62 for the second quarter of 2024.

Revenue for the second quarter of 2025 totaled $307.7 million, an increase of $28.0 million or 10.0% over the second quarter of 2024, which reflects an increase in the Company’s PEO services revenue of $30.3 million or 11.7% and a decrease in staffing services revenue of $2.3 million or 11.5%.

The increase in PEO services revenue was primarily attributable to an 8.0% increase in the average number of WSEs as well as a 1.7% increase in average billing per WSE per day.

Gross margin for the second quarter of 2025 totaled $73.3 million or 23.8% of revenue compared to $67.9 million or 24.2% of revenue for the second quarter of 2024. The decrease in gross margin as a percentage of revenues is primarily a result of the factors discussed within the separate components of gross margin below.

Direct payroll costs for the second quarter of 2025 totaled $13.2 million or 4.3% of revenue compared to $14.7 million or 5.3% of revenue for the second quarter of 2024. The decrease in direct payroll costs as a percentage of revenues was primarily due to a decrease in staffing services within the mix of our customer base compared to the second quarter of 2024.

Payroll taxes and benefits for the second quarter of 2025 totaled $173.3 million or 56.3% of revenue compared to $148.8 million or 53.2% of revenue for the second quarter of 2024. The increase in payroll taxes and benefits expense as a percentage of revenue was primarily due to expanded adoption of our PEO client benefit programs, resulting in client benefit costs of $17.7 million in the second quarter of 2025 compared to $7.1 million in the second quarter of 2024, as well as higher average payroll tax rates in the second quarter of 2025.

Workers’ compensation expense for the second quarter of 2025 totaled $48.0 million or 15.6% of revenue compared to $48.3 million or 17.3% of revenue for the second quarter of 2024. The decrease in workers’ compensation expense as a percentage of revenue was primarily due to lower workers' compensation costs in the second quarter of 2025, which included favorable prior year liability and premium adjustments of $8.8 million, compared to favorable prior year liability and premium adjustments of $8.9 million in the second quarter of 2024.

Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses for the second quarter of 2025 totaled $48.2 million or 15.7% of revenue compared to $45.6 million or 16.3% of revenue for the second quarter of 2024. The increase of $2.6 million in SG&A expense was primarily attributable to increased employee-related costs compared to the second quarter of 2024.

Other income, net for the second quarter of 2025 totaled $2.3 million compared to other income, net of $3.1 million for the second quarter of 2024. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in investment income in the second quarter of 2025.

Our effective income tax rate for the second quarter of 2025 was 27.1% compared to 28.8% for the second quarter of 2024. Our income tax rate typically differs from the federal statutory tax rate of 21% primarily due to state taxes as well as federal and state tax credits.

Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024

Net income for the first six months of 2025 amounted to $17.4 million compared to net income of $16.6 million for the first six months of 2024. Diluted net income per share for the first six months of 2025 was $0.66 compared to diluted net income per share of $0.62 for the first six months of 2024.

Revenue for the first six months of 2025 totaled $600.2 million, an increase of $54.8 million or 10.0% over the first six months of 2024, which reflects an increase in the Company's PEO services revenue of $59.0 million or 11.7% and a decrease in staffing services revenue of $4.2 million or 10.7%.

The increase in PEO services revenue was primarily attributable to a 7.8% increase in the average number of WSEs as well as a 2.3% increase in average billing per WSE per day.

Gross margin for the first six months of 2025 totaled $115.9 million or 19.3% of revenue compared to $107.5 million or 19.7% of revenue for the first six months of 2024. The decrease in gross margin as a percentage of revenues is primarily a result of the factors discussed within the separate components of gross margin below.

Direct payroll costs for the first six months of 2025 totaled $26.5 million or 4.4% of revenue compared to $29.4 million or 5.4% of revenue for the first six months of 2024. The decrease in direct payroll costs as a percentage of revenues was primarily due to a decrease in staffing services within the mix of our customer base compared to the first six months of 2024.

Payroll taxes and benefits for the first six months of 2025 totaled $360.3 million or 60.0% of revenue compared to $310.7 million or 57.0% of revenue for the first six months of 2024. The increase in payroll taxes and benefits expense as a percentage of revenue was primarily due to higher average payroll tax rates in the first six months of 2025 and PEO client benefit costs of $34.7 million in the first six months of 2025 compared to $13.7 million in the first six months of 2024.

Workers' compensation expense for the first six months of 2025 totaled $97.6 million or 16.3% of revenue compared to $97.9 million or 17.9% of revenue for the first six months of 2024. The decrease in workers' compensation expense as a percentage of revenue was primarily due to lower workers' compensation costs in the first six months of 2025, including favorable prior year liability and premium adjustments of $12.6 million in the first six months of 2025 compared to favorable prior year liability and premium adjustments of $11.8 million in the first six months of 2024.

SG&A expense for the first six months of 2025 totaled $93.0 million or 15.5% of revenue compared to $88.0 million or 16.1% of revenue for the first six months of 2024. The increase of $5.0 million in SG&A expense was primarily attributable to increased employee-related costs compared to the first six months of 2024.

Other income, net for the first six months of 2025 totaled $4.9 million compared to other income, net of $6.3 million for the first six months of 2024. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in investment income in the first six months of 2025.

Our effective income tax rate for the first six months of 2025 was 26.7% compared to 24.9% for the first six months of 2024. Our income tax rate typically differs from the federal statutory tax rate of 21% primarily due to state taxes as well as federal and state tax credits.

Fluctuations in Quarterly Operating Results

We historically have experienced significant fluctuations in our quarterly operating results, including losses or minimal income in the first quarter of each year, and expect such fluctuations to continue in the future. Our operating results may fluctuate due to a number of factors such as seasonality, wage limits on statutory payroll taxes, claims experience for workers’ compensation, demand for our services, and competition. Payroll taxes, as a component of cost of revenues, generally decline throughout a calendar year as the applicable statutory wage bases for federal and state unemployment taxes and Social Security taxes are exceeded on a per employee basis. Our revenue levels may be higher in the third quarter due to the effect of increased business activity of our customers’ businesses in the agriculture, food processing and forest products-related industries. In addition, revenues in the fourth quarter may be reduced by many customers’ practice of operating on holiday-shortened schedules. Workers’ compensation expense varies with both the frequency and severity of workplace injury claims reported during a quarter and the estimated future costs of such claims. Positive or adverse loss development of prior period claims during a subsequent quarter may also contribute to the volatility in the Company’s estimated workers’ compensation expense.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Company’s cash balance of $37.2 million, which includes cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, decreased $45.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to a decrease of $4.8 million for the comparable period of 2024. The decrease in cash at June 30, 2025 as compared to December 31, 2024 was primarily due to the factors discussed below.

Net cash used in operating activities for the six months ended June 30, 2025 amounted to $48.6 million, compared to cash used of $42.4 million for the comparable period of 2024. For the six months ended June 30, 2025, net cash used in operating activities was primarily due to decreased premium payable of $41.2 million, increased trade accounts receivable of $29.6 million, decreased workers’ compensation claims liabilities of $14.4 million, decreased payroll taxes payable of $8.7 million, and increased prepaid expenses of $7.1 million, partially offset by increased accrued payroll and related benefits of $24.2 million, net income of $17.4 million, and share-based compensation of $4.9 million.

Net cash provided by investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2025 totaled $26.1 million, compared to cash provided of $57.0 million for the comparable period of 2024. For the six months ended June 30, 2025, net cash provided by investing activities consisted of proceeds from sales and maturities of investments and restricted investments of $77.8 million, partially offset by purchases of investments and restricted investments of $42.8 million and purchases of property, equipment and software of $8.9 million.

Net cash used in financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2025 was $22.9 million, compared to cash used of $19.5 million for the comparable period of 2024. For the six months ended June 30, 2025, net cash used in financing activities primarily consisted of repurchases of common stock of $17.3 million and dividend payments of $4.1 million.

The Company is required to maintain minimum collateral levels for certain policies issued under the insured program, which is held in a trust account (the “trust account”). The balance in the trust account was $153.9 million and $197.1 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The trust account balance is included as a component of the current and long-term restricted cash and investments in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets.

See “Note 4 – Revolving Credit Facility and Long-Term Debt” to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in Item 1 of Part I of this report for additional information regarding the Company’s credit agreement with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.

Forward-Looking Information

Statements in this report include forward-looking statements which are not historical in nature and are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements include, among others, discussion of economic conditions in our market areas, especially in California, and their effect on revenue levels; the competitiveness of our service offerings; the availability of certain fully insured medical and other health and welfare benefits to qualifying worksite employees; our ability to attract and retain clients and to achieve revenue growth; the effect of changes in our mix of services on gross margin; labor market conditions; the adequacy of our workers’ compensation reserves; the effect of changes in estimates of our future claims liabilities on our workers’ compensation reserves, including the effect of changes in our reserving practices and claims management process on our actuarial estimates; expected levels of required surety deposits and letters of credit; the outcome of audits; the effect of our formation and operation of two wholly owned licensed insurance subsidiaries; the risks of operation and cost of our insured program; the financial viability of our excess insurance carriers; the effectiveness of our management information systems; our relationship with our primary bank lender and the availability of financing and working capital to meet our funding requirements; litigation costs; the effect of changes in the interest rate environment on the value of our investment securities; the adequacy of our allowance for expected credit losses; and the potential for and effect of acquisitions.

All our forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause the actual results, performance or achievements of the Company to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Such factors with respect to the Company include: our ability to retain current clients and attract new clients; difficulties associated with integrating clients into our operations; economic trends in our service areas and the potential effects of changing governmental policies, including those related to immigration and tariffs; natural disasters; the potential for material deviations from expected future workers’ compensation claims experience; changes in the workers’ compensation regulatory environment in our primary markets; PEO client benefit costs, particularly with regard to health insurance benefits; security breaches or failures in the Company’s information technology systems; collectability of accounts receivable; changes in executive management; changes in effective payroll tax rates and federal and state income tax rates; the carrying values of deferred income tax assets and goodwill (which may be affected by our future operating results); the effects of inflation on our operating expenses and those of our clients; the impact of and potential changes to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, escalating medical costs, and other health care legislative initiatives on our business; the effect of changing interest rates and conditions in the global capital markets on our investment portfolio; and the availability of capital, borrowing capacity on our revolving credit facility, or letters of credit necessary to meet state-mandated surety deposit requirements for maintaining our status as a qualified self-insured employer for workers’ compensation coverage or our insured program. Additional risk factors affecting our business are discussed in Item 1A of Part I of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, which was filed with the SEC on February 28, 2025. We disclaim any obligation to publicly announce any revisions to any of the forward-looking statements contained herein to reflect future events or developments.

The Company’s exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates primarily relates to its investment portfolio and outstanding borrowings on its line of credit. The Company's investments and restricted investments, which are classified as available-for-sale, consist primarily of fixed-rate debt securities, the fair value of which fluctuates with prevailing interest rates. Our cash equivalents consist primarily of money market funds, which are not meaningfully impacted by interest rate risk. We attempt to limit our investment portfolio's exposure to market risk through low investment turnover and diversification. Based on the Company’s overall interest exposure at June 30, 2025, a 50 basis point increase in market interest rates would have a $3.8 million downward effect on the fair value of the Company’s investment portfolio. Outstanding borrowings on the Company's line of credit bear interest at a variable market rate, which makes the cost of borrowing on the line of credit susceptible to changing interest rates. At June 30, 2025, the Company had no outstanding borrowings on its line of credit.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (“ICFR”) as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Our ICFR is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP.

We maintain “disclosure controls and procedures” that are designed with the objective of providing reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our CEO and CFO, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, our management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and our management is required to apply their judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

Based on their evaluation, the Company’s CEO and CFO have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) were effective as of June 30, 2025.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended June 30, 2025 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Inherent Limitations

Control systems, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control systems’ objectives are being met. Further, the design of any control systems must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of all controls must be considered relative to their costs. Due to the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision making can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of simple errors or mistakes. Control systems can also be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls is based in part on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or deterioration in the degree of compliance with policies or procedures.

Other than the information below, there have been no material changes in the risk factors that were included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, which was filed with the SEC on February 28, 2025.

Failure to interpret and comply with applicable federal and state payroll tax and unemployment tax laws could materially adversely affect our business, reputation, results of operations and financial condition.

As the administrative employer in our co-employer relationships with our clients, we are subject to a complex and evolving set of federal, state and local payroll tax laws and regulations, including requirements related to withholding, reporting and remitting payroll taxes on behalf of our clients. Compliance with these laws requires significant resources, and failure to comply with payroll tax laws in any jurisdiction in which we operate could subject us to financial penalties, interest charges and other liabilities. Additionally, our clients may be eligible for various legislative and regulatory programs, including those established under the CARES Act and the American Rescue Plan Act, such as the Employee Retention Tax Credit (“ERC”), which use payroll tax credits or deferrals as the mechanism to provide benefits to small businesses and employees. When clients and former clients wish to utilize ERCs and other similar programs, the associated tax forms must be filed through the PEO, and we have made such filings for many of our current and former clients claiming ERCs. These filings are currently under exam by the IRS to assess the eligibility of the ERCs claimed by our PEO clients. Determining eligibility for ERCs and other programs is complex and is based on company-specific data that PEOs do not possess for their clients. Notwithstanding, the IRS has taken positions that certain third-party payors, including PEOs, as well as their clients, are responsible for repaying rejected tax credit claims under the ERC program. While we disagree with the IRS’s position and our clients are contractually and statutorily responsible for repaying any rejected tax credits, this does not guarantee recovery, and any failure to recover rejected tax credits from our clients where the IRS attempts to hold BBSI liable could have a material adverse effect on our business, reputation, results of operations, and financial condition.

Changes in U.S. and foreign trade policies, including tariffs, related retaliatory measures, and other trade restrictions, could adversely affect our clients and our business.

Recent developments in U.S. and foreign trade policies—including the imposition or escalation of tariffs, retaliatory measures by trading partners, and other trade restrictions such as export bans or suspensions of critical raw materials—may materially impact our clients and in turn our business, particularly for those clients that rely on global supply chains. The U.S. executive branch has imposed and threatened tariffs to address trade imbalances, promote domestic manufacturing, and respond to national security concerns. In response, countries such as China have implemented or threatened retaliatory actions, including higher tariffs on U.S. goods and restrictions on the export of strategic resources such as rare earth elements and key industrial inputs.

These measures can significantly raise the cost of raw materials, components, and finished goods, placing considerable financial pressure on our clients in certain industries that rely on imports, such as construction, manufacturing and logistics. To mitigate these impacts, clients may reduce payroll, delay hiring, or implement workforce reductions—all of which could lead to decreased demand for our services, adversely affecting our revenue. In addition, increased costs and supply chain disruptions resulting from these trade policies may strain our clients’ operations, which could result in client business slowdowns or closures, further affecting our ability to attract and retain clients. Clients affected by such trade restrictions may also experience liquidity constraints or broader financial difficulties, which could impair their ability to pay for our services. These factors could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.