Evolution Metals & Technologies Corp.: Form 10-K for the period ended Dec 31, 2024

Overview

We are a blank check company incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware on May 27, 2021. We were formed for the purpose of effectuating a merger, stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses or entities, which we refer to throughout this Report as our “initial business combination.” We have neither engaged in any operations nor generated any revenue to date. Based on our business activities, we are a “shell company” as defined under the Exchange Act because we have no operations and nominal assets consisting almost entirely of cash.

In evaluating potential businesses and assets for an initial business combination, we, together with our management team and the Sponsor, considered acquisition candidates across various industry categories. Although our efforts to identify a prospective target business were not limited to a particular industry, we had a focus on operating businesses in the technology metals and energy transition metals sectors. Our efforts excluded the geographic region of China and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau or companies with their principal business operations in China, Hong Kong or Macau.

Initial Public Offering

On December 30, 2021, WTMA consummated the IPO of 7,500,000 Units, at a price of $10.00 per unit, generating gross proceeds of $75.00 million, and a concurrent private placement with the Sponsor of 347,500 WTMA Units at a price of $10.00 per unit, generating gross proceeds of $3.47 million. Each WTMA Unit consists of one share of WTMA Common Stock and one WTMA Right, with each WTMA Right entitling the holder thereof to receive one-tenth of one share of WTMA Common Stock. On January 14, 2022, pursuant to the underwriter’s exercise of the over-allotment option in part, WTMA consummated the sale of an additional 227,686 WTMA units, at $10.00 per unit, generating gross proceeds of $2.27 million, and a concurrent private placement with the Sponsor of 4,554 WTMA Units at a price of $10.00 per unit, generating gross proceeds of $45,540. A total of $77.27 million from the net proceeds of the sale of the WTMA Units in the IPO and the sale of the private units was placed in the U.S.-based trust account with Continental, acting as trustee.

WTMA’s certificate of incorporation provided that it had nine months from the closing of the IPO, or until September 30, 2022, to complete an initial business combination. On September 27, 2022, WTMA announced the approval and extension of the time period to consummate a business combination from September 30, 2022 until December 30, 2022 and the approval of the issuance of a convertible, non-interest bearing, unsecured promissory note in the aggregate principal amount of $772,768 to the Sponsor in order to fund such extension. Such amount was placed into the trust account on September 27, 2022. Subsequently, on December 27, 2022, WTMA announced the approval and extension of the time period to consummate a business combination from December 30, 2022 until March 30, 2023 and the approval of the issuance of an additional convertible, non-interest bearing, unsecured promissory note in the aggregate principal amount of $772,768 to the Sponsor in order to fund such extension. Such amount was placed into the trust account on December 27, 2022. Subsequently, on March 24, 2023, WTMA held a special meeting in connection with the votes to approve the March 2023 extension, allowing WTMA to extend the time period to consummate a business combination on a monthly basis from March 30, 2023 to September 30, 2023 by contributing $125,000 to the trust for each month of extension. In connection with the extension from March 30, 2023 to September 30, 2023, WTMA issued six promissory notes in the principal amount of $125,000 to the Sponsor, the promissory notes are convertible, non-interest bearing, and unsecured. Subsequently, on September 29, 2023, WTMA held another special meeting in connection with the votes to approve the September 2023 extension, allowing WTMA to extend the time period to consummate a business combination from September 30, 2023 to June 30, 2024 without any additional contribution to the trust. Similarly, on June 28, 2024, WTMA held a special meeting in connection with the votes to approve the June 2024 extension, allowing WTMA to extend further the time period to consummate a business combination from June 30, 2024 to June 30, 2025.

Prior to the consummation of the IPO on December 30, 2021, neither WTMA, nor anyone on its behalf, contacted any prospective target business or had any substantive discussions, formal or otherwise, with respect to any potential business combination transaction with WTMA. After the completion of its IPO and consistent with WTMA’s business purpose, WTMA’s directors and management team commenced an active, targeted search for an initial set of potential business combination targets, leveraging the Sponsor’s network of relationships and intimate knowledge of the private company marketplace, as well as the prior experience and network of WTMA’s directors and management team.

A total of $77,276,860, comprised of proceeds from the initial public offering (including the over-allotment) and proceeds of the sale of the private placement units was placed in the trust account maintained by Continental, acting as trustee. As of December 31, 2024, $12,257,933 remains in the trust account.

On January 7, 2025, WTMA’s securities were suspended and delisted from the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”). WTMA’s public units and public stock (each, as defined herein) are currently quoted on the Pink market under the symbols “WTMAU” and “WTMA,” respectively, and public rights (as defined herein) are currently quoted on the OTCQB under the symbol “WTMAR.”

It is the job of our sponsor and management team to complete our initial business combination. Our management team is led by Daniel Mamadou, our Chief Executive Officer, John Stanfield, our Chief Financial Officer, and Christopher Clower, our Chief Operating Officer, who have many years of experience in managing supply chains of bulk commodities.

Merger Agreement

On January 25, 2024, the Company issued a press release to announce that it had entered into a non-binding letter of intent with a target in the critical materials space (the “Target”) for a potential business combination. There can be no assurance that a definitive agreement will be entered into or that the proposed transaction will be consummated.

On March 22, 2024, the Company issued a press release to announce that it had entered into a binding letter of intent with Evolution Metals LLC, a Delaware company (“EM” or the “Target”), for a potential business combination.

On April 1, 2024, the Company entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) by and among the Company, the Merger Sub, and EM. Upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this Merger Agreement, the Company, Merger Sub and the EM (Merger Sub and EM sometimes being referred to herein as the “Constituent Corporations”) shall cause Merger Sub to be merged with and into EM, with EM being the surviving corporation in the Merger. The Merger shall be consummated in accordance with the Merger Agreement and shall be evidenced by a certificate of merger with respect to the Merger (as so filed, the “Merger Certificate”), executed by the Constituent Corporations in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law (“DGCL”), Upon consummation of the Merger, the separate corporate existence of Merger Sub shall cease and EM, as the surviving corporation of the Merger (hereinafter the “Surviving Corporation”), shall continue its corporate existence under the DGCL, as a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. The Company will immediately be renamed Evolution Metals & Technologies Corp.

On November 6, 2024, the Company entered an Amended and Restated Agreement and Plan of Merger amending the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of April 1, 2024.

On November 11, 2024 WTMA entered into an Amendment No. 1 to the Merger Agreement, amending and restating certain defined terms in the Merger Agreement and the corresponding consideration schedule in the Company Disclosure Schedule, to clarify that US NewCo will be a holder of membership interests in EM following the proposed merger that is part of the Business Combination.

On February 10, 2025 WTMA entered into an Amendment No. 2 to the Merger Agreement restating certain recitals and defined terms in the Merger Agreement and the corresponding consideration schedule in the Company Disclosure Schedule, clarifying the amount of Company Membership Units to be received by Korea NewCo and US NewCo in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement. Further, the Amendment No. 2 amended and restated certain provisions of the Merger Agreement such that the New EM board of directors after the Closing will consist of six (6) directors, which shall initially include six (6) director nominees designated by EM and reasonably acceptable to WTMA, insofar as those nominees are elected to the New EM board of directors. Finally, the Amendment No. 2 replaced the form of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation to be filed immediately following the Effective Time with the form attached as Exhibit A to the Amendment No. 2.

CMR Merger Agreement

On February 10, 2025, as part of the series of transactions contemplated by the Business Combination, WTMA entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “CMR Merger Agreement”), by and among WTMA, Critical Mineral Recovery, Inc., a Missouri corporation (“CMR”), and the other parties thereto, pursuant to which CMR will be merged out of existence and into a wholly owned subsidiary of WTMA.

Pursuant to the CMR Merger Agreement, the sole shareholder of CMR shall receive (A) 22,500,000 shares of New EM common stock, (B) cash in an amount of $125,000,000 and (C) cash in an amount up to $50,000,000 to be used to repay CMR’s indebtedness.

The CMR Merger Agreement contains customary representations and warranties by the parties. Certain of the representations are subject to specified exceptions and qualifications contained in the CMR Merger Agreement or in information provided pursuant to certain disclosure schedules to the CMR Merger Agreement.

The closing of the CMR Merger Agreement is subject to the closing of the other transactions that are part of the Business Combination and other customary closing conditions. The consummation of the other transactions that are part of the Business Combination are conditioned on the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the CMR Merger Agreement.

Our Business Strategy and Acquisition Criteria

Background

Decarbonization, the shift to alternative energy sources from carbon-based energy systems, has become a central component of economic plans for governments and private sector companies in markets throughout the world. We are positioned to help drive and benefit from this energy transition.

“Net Zero” policies, the promotion of holistic energy systems with zero net carbon emissions, are increasingly a goal of most major economic blocs. This trend creates a major opportunity and a supportive backdrop for companies and enterprises that foster and participate in the production of carbon-neutral energy systems and infrastructure.

According to Goldman Sachs, the European Union Green Deal is estimated to channel more than $12 trillion of investment in clean energy infrastructure by 2050. If these types of policies are adopted, the manner in which energy is produced will be transformed. Buildings and real estate in general will be upgraded and transportation will undergo a dramatic change. By now, all major economies have embraced the energy transition.

The European Union Green Deal recently implemented a more aggressive target to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least 50% by 2030. The EU Green Deal has a specific focus on hydrogen power and offshore wind.

China has also pledged to achieve net zero carbon status by 2060, pledging $16 trillion to cleantech infrastructure investments by 2060 via renewables, green hydrogen, carbon capture nuclear energy and hydropower.

In the United States, lawmakers and regulators are also following suit. In May 2021, for example, California and the U.S. federal government announced an agreement to open up areas of the Pacific Coast to the first commercial wind energy farms in an effort to promote decarbonization.

In response to these initiatives, new sources of metals and materials will need to be developed in order to feed the supply chains of de-carbonization technologies and renewable energy. We call these metals and materials “Technology Metals,” “techmetals” or “Energy Transition Metals” (ETMs). We intend to focus our search for our initial business combination on the Technology Metals and ETMs markets.

ETMs will be needed for the refurbishment of factories, infrastructure to help the automotive industry transition away from combustion and the efficient storage of intermittent sources of energy such as wind and solar. Welsbach is focused on the development of supply chains to meet this surge in ETMs demand.

Through the transition to electric vehicles, we expect a rise in the prices of ETMs, including certain rare earth elements (REEs), lithium, cobalt, graphite, manganese, nickel, vanadium, copper and aluminum. Current supply chains are not calibrated to handle this increase in demand. Creating, investing and supporting new supply chains for Technology Metals is the “raison d’être” of Welsbach.

In North America, ETMs supply chains are underdeveloped as compared with Asia. According to a report commissioned by the United States Department of Energy on rare earth magnets, there is “little time for North American supply chain developers to move to action on economically U.S-based mine-to-magnet technologies to rebalance the supply chain away from China’s dominance.”

The report identifies the mid-stream and downstream segments of the rare earths supply chain as having significant gaps in the areas of magnet manufacturing processes, magnet powder composites, recycling technologies and environmental mitigation. The situation is similar for nickel, cobalt, lithium and vanadium. We expect a significant ramp up of U.S. investment in ETMs and Technology Metals sectors over the coming years as the Biden administration advances its own net zero carbon policy.

Through Welsbach Holdings Pte Ltd, Daniel Mamadou, our CEO, and Chris Clower, our COO, invest in and support companies that are part of the global supply chain of Technology Metals. Welsbach Holdings Pte Ltd operates across the entire supply chain of Technology Metals and ETMs in many geographies globally.

Our Business Combination Opportunity

The coming dominance of renewables will place further pressure on the already strained ETMs supply chains. Easy monetary policy and zero carbon policies have created the right setting to accelerate the transition away from fossil fuels. New supply chains will need to be created to accommodate the growth in demand for technology metals.

ETMs are critical to the shift away from fossil fuels as the world gradually transitions to renewable and sustainable energy sources.

Electric vehicle batteries utilize technology metals such as cobalt, lithium, manganese, nickel, graphite and vanadium. Neodymium, praseodymium, dysprosium and terbium are also critical rare earth technology metals, and are widely used in magnet composition, with applications that range from tiny electric motors to rotor-less drives used in wind turbines.

Traditionally, the demand for these metals has been a fraction of the demand for major base metals consumption such as copper. Despite their critical nature, ETMs have historically been obtained as by-products of other metals mining activities. The rise of renewables, the de-carbonization of the grid, and the transition to electric vehicles is putting pressure on the ETMs supply chains, driving a fundamental transformation of the Technology Metals supply chains.

We believe prices of Technology Metals and ETMs will increase, as demand increases more than supply going forward. There is a long lead time to bring new mining projects from discovery to production and the metallurgical and chemical midstream processes required can be capital intensive.

As the regulations designed to address climate change act as catalysts for the Technology Metals sector, we expect renewable sources of energy to continue to increase their share of the energy mix across the largest economies globally. With the resulting expansion in demand for battery storage solutions and electric motors, we also expect supply chains to be reconfigured in order to withstand shocks such as pandemics and to provide more diversity of suppliers and to protect access to critical metals and materials. From the perspective of North American and European consumption, we expect this supply chain reconfiguration to include an emphasis on moving midstream activities currently located in Asia to European and American based operations.

Our Approach to Environmental and Social Governance

As the CEO and COO of both WTMA and Welsbach Holdings Pte Ltd, our approach to ESG is conduct business that ensures our commercial relationships are balanced and sustainable. Our business at WTMA as well as Welsbach Holdings Pte Ltd is guided by the United Nations Global Compact and directed by the UN Sustainable Development Goals. We have a climate strategy that focuses on investing in and supporting energy efficient supply chains, reducing fossil fuels, and optimizing water use. In both WTMA and Welsbach Holdings Pte Ltd we adhere to UN Sustainable Development Goals #7 “Affordable And Clean Energy”, #8 “Decent Work And Economic Growth”, #9 “Industry Innovation and Infrastructure”, #13 “Climate Action”, and #17 “Partnerships For The Goals”.

We believe in having our core values implemented by our partners and business counterparties. Integrity, sustainability and accountability are the primary tenets which guide our activity. We believe that businesses must serve the purposes of society and as such, we strongly endorse activities that foster economic growth, while positively impacting the environment.

As an organization committed to transitioning to a low carbon future, we deploy our resources in supply chains that support renewable energy. By facilitating the sourcing and distribution of metals and materials that are critical to the clean energy transition, we fulfil our goal of becoming the partner of choice for technology metals supply chain stakeholders and participants. Whether lithium or nickel for batteries, graphite for anode material, or neodymium for the production of permanent magnets, we strive to create reliable, efficient and resilient supply chains that deliver the highest quality product at the right time. We also ensure that our chains can withstand sudden shocks and disruptions.

As an organization committed to good governance and social benefits, our sponsor is a participant in the United Nations Global Compact, and as such we publish our policies regarding labor rights, anti-bribery, environmental as well as our conflict mineral policies. We keep our personnel accountable to respect human rights and labor standards and to ensure that environmental protection is front and center in our activities. We collaborate with our joint venture partners and our business counterparties to promote the best in class governance procedures and systems.

Our Competitive Advantage

Our team is composed of professionals that have expertise in in private equity investments, portfolio management, corporate restructuring, metals and mining, physical commodity trading, supply chain management and logistics. Our specific competitive strengths are:

Experience in capital markets and financing solutions

Daniel Mamadou is the CEO of WTMA and also an executive director of Welsbach Holdings Pte Ltd; he has honed his capital markets skills over 20 years initially as a derivatives structurer at Bank of Mitsubishi and Deutsche Bank in London, and then as a Debt and Equity Capital Markets officer at Goldman Sachs in London, Deutsche Bank in Singapore and Nomura holdings in Hong Kong. During this period, Mr. Mamadou led multiple fundraising projects for a wide range of companies and financial institutions in Europe, North Asia, Australia and Japan.

Christopher Clower is the COO of WTMA, and also an executive director of Welsbach Holdings Pte Ltd. Christopher sits on a number of boards in South East Asia companies, including Malacca Trust Pte Ltd, a holding company in Singapore which owns the top asset management company in Indonesia. He spent 11 years at Merrill Lynch and raised over $4 billion of capital in the resources space. Prior to this, Mr. Clower was Managing Director and Head of Corporate Finance in Merrill Lynch for South East Asia. Christopher also worked at Deutsche Bank (1997 - 1998) and Bankers Trust (1994 - 1997).

Experience in acquisition and development of natural resource assets

Daniel Mamadou and his team have been actively sourcing, analyzing, and investing in Technology Metals and ETMs markets since 2015. He has built up his knowledge of the entire supply chain of ETMs and rare earths from upstream projects to junior mining, to the midstream refining sector and the downstream industrial applications including neodymium and praseodymium metals and permanent magnets and recycling systems. As the founder and Executive Director of the Talaxis Group (“Talaxis”), the Techmetals division within Noble Group, Daniel Mamadou invested approximately $22.8 million of Noble Group internal capital to acquire equity stakes in seven Technology Metals companies and achieved a weighted average deal level multiple of invested capital of 5.6x with 75.3% IRR over an investment period of slightly more than 3 years. Christopher Clower co-founded, built and sold PT Manoor Bulatn Lestari, an Indonesian resource company and achieved 30x multiple of invested capital (MOIC ) in two years for himself and his investors.

Experience in supply chain and logistics

The team has a track record of managing supply chains of bulk commodities. Prior to WTMA, Daniel Mamadou founded and led Talaxis, the Technology Metals division of Noble Group Holdings. Noble Group Holdings is an Asia-based independent energy products and industrial raw materials supply chain manager. Noble Group has operations in more than 50 countries and more than 35 years of experience in Asia. While leading Talaxis, Daniel invested in and developed projects related to Technology Metals, with a special focus on rare earth elements. He was instrumental in establishing a network of supply chain partners in the upstream and midstream segments. Mr. Mamadou’s range of activities involved the sourcing, marketing, processing, supplying, financing and transporting of energy transition metals and materials, with a particular focus on projects related to battery-grade and electric vehicle materials such as nickel, lithium, graphite, and vanadium in various worldwide locations to cover the entire supply chain. As the founder and Executive Director of Talaxis, Daniel Mamadou invested approximately $22.8 million of Noble Group internal capital to acquire equity stakes in seven Techmetals companies and achieved a weighted average deal level multiple of invested capital of 5.6x with 75.3% IRR over an investment period of slightly more than 3 years.

Independent board members and network of advisors

WTMA’s senior management benefits from the support and assistance of independent board members and a network of advisors that have a proven track record in identifying, evaluating and negotiating with businesses and companies in the sectors that are relevant for WTMA. A strong emphasis on diversity and skills has been made regarding the composition of the board, with the inclusion of independent directors that are competent in the fields of mergers and acquisitions as well as disciplines related to geology and mining sectors.

Effectuating a Business Combination

General

A business combination may involve the acquisition of, or merger with, a company which does not need substantial additional capital but which desires to establish a public trading market for its shares, while avoiding what it may deem to be adverse consequences of undertaking a public offering itself. These include time delays, significant expense, loss of voting control and compliance with various U.S. Federal and state securities laws. In the alternative, we may seek to consummate a business combination with a company that may be in its early stages of development or growth. While we may seek to effect simultaneous business combinations with more than one target business, we will probably have the ability, as a result of our limited resources, to effect only a single business combination.

We are not presently engaged in, and we will not engage in, any substantive commercial business until we complete the Business Combination.

Sources of Target Businesses

Target business candidates may be brought to our attention from various unaffiliated sources, including investment bankers, venture capital funds, private equity funds, leveraged buyout funds, management buyout funds and other members of the financial community. Target businesses may be brought to our attention by such unaffiliated sources as a result of being solicited by us through calls or mailings which will not commence until after the completion of our initial public offering. These sources may also introduce us to target businesses they think we may be interested in on an unsolicited basis, since many of these sources will have read the prospectus in connection with our initial public offering or this Report and know what types of businesses we are targeting. Our officers and directors, as well as their respective affiliates, may also bring to our attention target business candidates that they become aware of through their business contacts as a result of formal or informal inquiries or discussions they may have, as well as attending trade shows or conventions. We may engage the services of professional firms or other individuals that specialize in business acquisitions, in which event we may pay a finder’s fee, consulting fee or other compensation to be determined in an arm’s length negotiation based on the terms of the transaction. In no event, however, will any of our existing insiders, special advisors or any entity with which they are affiliated, be paid any finder’s fee, consulting fee or other compensation prior to, or for any services they render in order to effectuate, the consummation of a business combination (regardless of the type of transaction). If we decide to enter into a business combination with a target business that is affiliated with our insiders, we will do so only if we have obtained an opinion from an independent investment banking firm that the business combination is fair to our unaffiliated stockholders from a financial point of view. However, as of the date of this Report, there is no affiliated entity that we consider a business combination target.

If any of our officers or directors becomes aware of a business combination opportunity that falls within the line of business of any entity to which he or she has pre-existing fiduciary or contractual obligations, he or she may be required to present such business combination opportunity to such entity prior to presenting such business combination opportunity to us. All of our officers, directors and director nominees currently have certain relevant pre-existing fiduciary duties or contractual obligations.

Lack of Business Diversification

For an indefinite period of time after the completion of our initial business combination, the prospects for our success may depend entirely on the future performance of a single business. Unlike other entities that have the resources to complete business combinations with multiple entities in one or several industries, it is probable that we will not have the resources to diversify our operations and mitigate the risks of being in a single line of business. By completing our business combination with only a single entity, our lack of diversification may:

• subject us to negative economic, competitive, and regulatory developments, any or all of which may have a substantial adverse impact on the particular industry in which we operate after our initial business combination; and
• cause us to depend on the marketing and sale of a single product or limited number of products or services.

Limited Ability to Evaluate the Target’s Management Team

Although we closely scrutinize the management of a prospective target business when evaluating the desirability of effectuating our initial business combination with that business, our assessment of the target business’ management may not prove to be correct. The future role of members of our management team, if any, in the target business, cannot presently be stated with any certainty. Consequently, members of our management team may not become a part of the target’s management team, and the future management may not have the necessary skills, qualifications or abilities to manage a public company. Further, it is also not certain whether one or more of our directors will remain associated in some capacity with us following our initial business combination. Moreover, members of our management team may not have significant experience or knowledge relating to the operations of the particular target business. Our key personnel may not remain in senior management or advisory positions with the combined company. The determination as to whether any of our key personnel will remain with the combined company will be made at the time of our initial business combination.

Following our initial business combination, we may seek to recruit additional managers to supplement the incumbent management of the target business. We may not have the ability to recruit additional managers, or that additional managers will have the requisite skills, knowledge or experience necessary to enhance the incumbent management.

Fair Market Value of Target Business

Pursuant to the rules of the Nasdaq Stock Market, our initial business combination must occur with one or more target businesses having an aggregate fair market value of at least 80% of the value of the trust account (excluding any deferred underwriter’s fees and taxes payable on the income earned on the trust account), which we refer to as the 80% test, at the time of the agreement to enter into the initial business combination. Therefore, the fair market value of the target business will be calculated prior to any conversions of our shares in connection with a business combination and therefore will be a minimum of $9,806,346 in order to satisfy the 80% test. While the fair market value of the target business must satisfy the 80% test, the consideration we pay the owners of the target business may be a combination of cash (whether cash from the trust account or cash from a debt or equity financing transaction that closes concurrently with the business combination) or our equity securities. The exact nature and amount of consideration would be determined based on negotiations with the target business, although we will attempt to primarily use our equity as transaction consideration. If our board is not able to independently determine the fair market value of the target business or businesses, we will obtain an opinion from an independent investment banking firm with respect to the satisfaction of such criteria. We will also obtain a fairness opinion from an independent investment banking firm before consummating a business combination with an entity affiliated with any of our officers, directors or insiders. If we are no longer listed on Nasdaq, we will not be required to satisfy the 80% test.

We anticipate structuring our initial business combination so that the post-transaction company in which our public stockholders own shares will own or acquire 100% of the equity interests or assets of the target business or businesses. We may, however, structure our initial business combination such that the post-transaction company owns less than 100% of such interests or assets of the target business in order to meet certain objectives of the target management team or stockholders or for other reasons, but we will only complete such business combination if the post-transaction company owns 50% or more of the outstanding voting securities of the target or otherwise owns a controlling interest in the target sufficient for it not to be required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act . Even if the post-transaction company owns 50% or more of the voting securities of the target, our stockholders prior to the business combination may collectively own a minority interest in the post-transaction company, depending on valuations ascribed to the target and us in the business combination transaction. For example, we could pursue a transaction in which we issue a substantial number of new shares in exchange for all of the outstanding capital stock of a target. In this case, we would acquire a 100% controlling interest in the target. However, as a result of the issuance of a substantial number of new shares, our stockholders immediately prior to our initial business combination could own less than a majority of our outstanding shares subsequent to our initial business combination. If less than 100% of the equity interests or assets of a target business or businesses are owned or acquired by the post-transaction company, the portion of such business or businesses that is owned or acquired is what will be valued for purposes of the 80% test.

Stockholder Approval of Business Combination

In connection with any proposed business combination, we will either (1) seek stockholder approval of our initial business combination at a meeting called for such purpose at which public stockholders (but not our insiders, officers or directors) may seek to convert their shares of common stock, regardless of whether they vote for or against the proposed business combination, into a portion of the aggregate amount then on deposit in the trust account, or (2) provide our stockholders with the opportunity to sell their shares to us by means of a tender offer (and therefore avoid the need for a stockholder vote) for an amount equal to their pro rata share of the aggregate amount then on deposit in the trust account, in each case subject to the limitations described herein. If we determine to engage in a tender offer, such tender offer will be structured so that each stockholder may tender all of his, her or its shares rather than some pro rata portion of his, her or its shares. The decision as to whether we will seek stockholder approval of a proposed business combination or whether we will allow stockholders to sell their shares to us in a tender offer will be made by us, solely in our discretion, and will be based on a variety of factors such as the timing of the transaction and whether the terms of the transaction would otherwise require us to seek stockholder approval. We anticipate that our business combination could be completed by way of a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, recapitalization, reorganization or other similar transaction. Stockholder approval will not be required under Delaware law if the business combination is structured as an acquisition of assets of the target company, a share exchange with target company stockholders or a purchase of stock of the target company; however, Nasdaq rules would require us to obtain stockholder approval if we seek to issue shares representing 20% or more of our outstanding shares as consideration in a business combination. A merger of our company into a target company would require stockholder approval under Delaware law. A merger of a target company into our company would not require stockholder approval unless the merger results in a change to our certificate of incorporation, or if the shares issued in connection with the merger exceed 20% of our outstanding shares prior to the merger. A merger of a target company with a subsidiary of our company would not require stockholder approval unless the merger results in a change in our certificate of incorporation; however, Nasdaq rules would require us to obtain stockholder approval of such a transaction if we week to issue shares representing 20% or more of our outstanding shares as consideration.

If a stockholder vote is not required and we do not decide to hold a stockholder vote for business or other legal reasons, we will provide our stockholders with an opportunity to tender their shares to us pursuant to a tender offer pursuant to Rule 13e-4 and Regulation 14E of the Exchange Act, which regulate issuer tender offers, and we will file tender offer documents with the SEC which will contain substantially the same financial and other information about the initial business combination as is required under the SEC’s proxy rules.

In the event we allow stockholders to tender their shares pursuant to the tender offer rules, our tender offer will remain open for at least 20 business days, in accordance with Rule 14e-1(a) under the Exchange Act, and we will not be permitted to complete our initial business combination until the expiration of the tender offer period. In addition, the tender offer will be conditioned on public stockholders not tendering more than a specified number of public shares, which number will be based on the requirement that we may not purchase public shares in an amount that would cause our net tangible assets to be less than $5,000,001 (so that we are not subject to the SEC’s “penny stock” rules) or any greater net tangible asset or cash requirement which may be contained in the agreement relating to our initial business combination. If public stockholders tender more shares than we have offered to purchase, we will withdraw the tender offer and not complete the initial business combination.

If, however, stockholder approval of the transaction is required by law or Nasdaq requirements, or we decide to obtain stockholder approval for business or other legal reasons, we will:

• permit stockholders to convert their shares in conjunction with a proxy solicitation pursuant to Regulation 14A of the Exchange Act, which regulates the solicitation of proxies, and not pursuant to the tender offer rules, and
• file proxy materials with the SEC.

In the event that we seek stockholder approval of our initial business combination, we will distribute proxy materials and, in connection therewith, provide stockholders with the conversion rights described above upon completion of the initial business combination.

We will consummate our initial business combination only if public stockholders do not exercise conversion rights in an amount that would cause our net tangible assets to be less than $5,000,001 and a majority of the outstanding shares of common stock voted are voted in favor of the business combination. As a result, if stockholders owning approximately 93.75% or more of the shares of common stock sold in our initial public offering exercise conversion rights, the business combination will not be consummated. However, the actual percentages will only be able to be determined once a target business is located and we can assess all of the assets and liabilities of the combined company (which would include the fee payable to the underwriters in an amount equal to 3.5% of the total gross proceeds raised in the initial public offering as described elsewhere in this Report, any out-of-pocket expenses incurred by our insiders or their affiliates in connection with certain activities on our behalf, such as identifying and investigating possible business targets and business combinations that have not been repaid at that time, as well as any other liabilities of ours and the liabilities of the target business) upon consummation of the proposed business combination, subject to the requirement that we must have at least $5,000,001 of net tangible assets upon closing of such business combination. As a result, the actual percentages of shares that can be converted may be significantly lower than our estimates. We chose our net tangible asset threshold of $5,000,001 to ensure that we would avoid being subject to Rule 419 promulgated under the Securities Act. However, if we seek to consummate an initial business combination with a target business that imposes any type of working capital closing condition or requires us to have a minimum amount of funds available from the trust account upon consummation of such initial business combination, our net tangible asset threshold may limit our ability to consummate such initial business combination (as we may be required to have a lesser number of shares converted) and may force us to seek third-party financing which may not be available on terms acceptable to us or at all. As a result, we may not be able to consummate such initial business combination and we may not be able to locate another suitable target within the applicable time period, if at all. Public stockholders may therefore have to wait until June 30, 2025 in order to be able to receive a portion of the trust account.

Our insiders, including our officers and directors, have agreed (1) to vote any shares of common stock owned by them in favor of any proposed business combination, (2) not to convert any shares of common stock into the right to receive cash from the trust account in connection with a stockholder vote to approve a proposed initial business combination or a vote to amend the provisions of our certificate of incorporation relating to stockholders’ rights or pre-business combination activity and (3) not to sell any shares of common stock in any tender in connection with a proposed initial business combination.

Depending on how a business combination was structured, any stockholder approval requirement could be satisfied by obtaining the approval of either (i) a majority of the shares of our common stock that were voted at the meeting (assuming a quorum was present at the meeting), or (ii) a majority of the outstanding shares of our common stock. Because our insiders collectively beneficially own approximately 65.3% of our issued and outstanding shares of common stock and as a result of the insider’s agreement to vote in favor of a business combination, unless otherwise required by applicable law, regulation or stock exchange rules, in addition to the founder shares, we would need no public shares sold in the initial public offering to be voted in favor of an initial business combination.

Stockholders May Not Have the Ability to Approve an Initial Business Combination

We may conduct redemptions without a stockholder vote pursuant to the tender offer rules of the SEC. However, we will seek stockholder approval if it is required by law or applicable stock exchange rule, or we may decide to seek stockholder approval for business or other legal reasons. Presented in the table below is a graphic explanation of the types of initial business combinations we may consider and whether stockholder approval is currently required under Delaware law for each such transaction.

Under Nasdaq’s listing rules, stockholder approval would be required for our initial business combination if, for example:

• we issue shares of common stock that will be equal to or in excess of 20% of the number of shares of our common stock then outstanding;
• any of our directors, officers or substantial stockholders (as defined by Nasdaq rules) has a 5% or greater interest (or such persons collectively have a 10% or greater interest), directly or indirectly, in the target business or assets to be acquired or otherwise and the present or potential issuance of common stock could result in an increase in outstanding common shares or voting power of 5% or more; or
• the issuance or potential issuance of common stock will result in our undergoing a change of control.

In connection with any proposed business combination, we will either (1) seek stockholder approval of our initial business combination at a meeting called for such purpose at which public stockholders may seek to redeem their public shares, regardless of whether they vote for or against the proposed business combination, into their pro rata share of the aggregate amount then on deposit in the trust account (net of taxes payable) or (2) provide our public stockholders with the opportunity to sell their public shares to us by means of a tender offer (and thereby avoid the need for a stockholder vote) for an amount equal to their pro rata share of the aggregate amount then on deposit in the trust account (net of taxes payable), in each case subject to the limitations described herein.

If we determine to engage in a tender offer, such tender offer will be structured so that each stockholder may tender any or all of his, her or its public shares rather than some pro rata portion of his, her or its shares. The decision as to whether we will seek stockholder approval of a proposed business combination or will allow stockholders to sell their shares to us in a tender offer will be made by us based on a variety of factors such as the timing of the transaction and whether the terms of the transaction would otherwise require us to seek stockholder approval. If we so choose and we are legally permitted to do so, we have the flexibility to avoid a stockholder vote and allow our stockholders to sell their shares pursuant to Rule 13e-4 and Regulation 14E of the Exchange Act which regulate issuer tender offers. In that case, we will file tender offer documents with the SEC which will contain substantially the same financial and other information about the initial business combination as is required under the SEC’s proxy rules. We will consummate our initial business combination only if we have net tangible assets of at least $5,000,001 upon such consummation and, solely if we seek stockholder approval, a majority of the issued and outstanding shares of common stock voted are voted in favor of the business combination.

We chose our net tangible asset threshold of $5,000,001 to ensure that we would avoid being subject to Rule 419. However, if we seek to consummate an initial business combination with a target business that imposes any type of working capital closing condition or requires us to have a minimum amount of funds available from the trust account upon consummation of such initial business combination, our net tangible asset threshold may limit our ability to consummate such initial business combination (as we may be required to have a lesser number of shares redeemed or sold to us) and may force us to seek third party financing which may not be available on terms acceptable to us or at all. As a result, we may not be able to consummate such initial business combination and we may not be able to locate another suitable target within the applicable time period, if at all. Public stockholders may therefore have to until June 30, 2025 in order to be able to receive a pro rata share of the trust account.

Permitted Purchases of our Securities

In the event we seek stockholder approval of our initial business combination and we do not conduct redemptions in connection with our initial business combination pursuant to the tender offer rules, our sponsor, directors, officers, or their respective affiliates may purchase shares or rights in privately negotiated transactions or in the open market either prior to or following the completion of our initial business combination. There is no limit on the number of shares such persons may purchase. However, they have no current commitments, plans or intentions to engage in such transactions and have not formulated any terms or conditions for any such transactions. In the event our sponsor, directors, officers, or their respective affiliates determine to make any such purchases at the time of a stockholder vote relating to our initial business combination, such purchases could have the effect of influencing the vote necessary to approve such transaction. None of the funds in the trust account will be used to purchase shares or rights in such transactions. They will not make any such purchases when they are in possession of any material non-public information not disclosed to the seller or if such purchases are prohibited by Regulation M under the Exchange Act. Such a purchase may include a contractual acknowledgement that such stockholder, although still the record holder of our shares is no longer the beneficial owner thereof and therefore agrees not to exercise its redemption rights. Subsequent to the consummation of business combination, we will adopt an insider trading policy which will require insiders to: (i) refrain from purchasing shares during certain blackout periods and when they are in possession of any material non-public information and (ii) to clear all trades with our legal counsel prior to execution. We cannot currently determine whether our insiders will make such purchases pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 plan, as it will be dependent upon several factors, including but not limited to, the timing and size of such purchases. Depending on such circumstances, our insiders may either make such purchases pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 plan or determine that such a plan is not necessary.

In the event that our sponsor, directors, officers, or their respective affiliates purchase shares in privately negotiated transactions from public stockholders who have already elected to exercise their redemption rights, such selling stockholders would be required to revoke their prior elections to redeem their shares. We do not currently anticipate that such purchases, if any, would constitute a tender offer subject to the tender offer rules under the Exchange Act or a going-private transaction subject to the going-private rules under the Exchange Act; however, if the purchasers determine at the time of any such purchases that the purchases are subject to such rules, the purchasers will comply with such rules.

The purpose of such purchases would be to (i) vote such shares in favor of the business combination and thereby increase the likelihood of obtaining stockholder approval of the business combination or (ii) to satisfy a closing condition in an agreement with a target that requires us to have a minimum net worth or a certain amount of cash at the closing of our initial business combination, where it appears that such requirement would otherwise not be met. The purpose of any such purchases of rights could be to reduce the number of rights, or underlying securities, outstanding. This may result in the completion of our initial business combination that may not otherwise have been possible.

In addition, if such purchases are made, the public “float” of our common stock may be reduced and the number of beneficial holders of our securities may be reduced, which may make it difficult to maintain or obtain the quotation, listing or trading of our securities on a national securities exchange.

Our sponsor, directors, officers, or their respective affiliates anticipate that they may identify the stockholders with whom our sponsor, directors, officers, or their respective affiliates may pursue privately negotiated purchases by either the stockholders contacting us directly or by our receipt of redemption requests submitted by stockholders following our mailing of proxy materials in connection with our initial business combination. To the extent that our sponsor, directors, officers, or their respective affiliates enter into a private purchase, they would identify and contact only potential selling stockholders who have expressed their election to redeem their shares for a pro rata share of the trust account or vote against the business combination. Such persons would select the stockholders from whom to acquire shares based on the number of shares available, the negotiated price per share and such other factors as any such person may deem relevant at the time of purchase. The price per share paid in any such transaction may be different than the amount per share a public stockholder would receive if it elected to redeem its shares in connection with our initial business combination. Our sponsor, directors, officers, or their respective affiliates will only purchase shares if such purchases comply with Regulation M under the Exchange Act and the other federal securities laws.

Any purchases by our sponsor, directors, officers, or their respective affiliates who are affiliated purchasers under Rule 10b-18 under the Exchange Act will only be made to the extent such purchases are able to be made in compliance with Rule 10b-18, which is a safe harbor from liability for manipulation under Section 9(a)(2) and Rule 10b-5 of the Exchange Act. Rule 10b-18 has certain technical requirements that must be complied with in order for the safe harbor to be available to the purchaser. Our sponsor, directors, officers, or their respective affiliates will not make purchases of common stock if the purchases would violate Section 9(a)(2) or Rule 10b-5 of the Exchange Act.

Conversion Rights

At any meeting called to approve an initial business combination, any public stockholder, whether voting for or against such proposed business combination, will be entitled to demand that his or her shares of common stock be converted for a full pro rata portion of the amount then in the trust account ($10.00 per share as of December 31, 2024), plus any pro rata interest earned on the funds held in the trust account and not previously released to us or necessary to pay our taxes. Alternatively, we may provide our public stockholders with the opportunity to sell their shares of our common stock to us through a tender offer (and thereby avoid the need for a stockholder vote) for an amount equal to their pro rata share of the aggregate amount then on deposit in the trust account, net of taxes payable.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, a public stockholder, together with any affiliate of his or hers or any other person with whom he or she is acting in concert or as a “group” (as defined in Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act), will be restricted from seeking conversion rights with respect to 20% or more of the shares of common stock sold in our initial public offering. Such a public stockholder would still be entitled to vote against a proposed business combination with respect to all shares of common stock owned by him or her, or his or her affiliates. We believe this restriction will prevent stockholders from accumulating large blocks of shares before the vote held to approve a proposed business combination and attempt to use the conversion right as a means to force us or our management to purchase their shares at a significant premium to the then current market price. By not allowing a stockholder to convert more than 20% of the shares of common stock sold in our initial public offering, we believe we have limited the ability of a small group of stockholders to unreasonably attempt to block a transaction which is favored by our other public stockholders.

None of our insiders will have the right to receive cash from the trust account in connection with a stockholder vote to approve a proposed initial business combination or a vote to amend the provisions of our certificate of incorporation relating to stockholders’ rights or pre-business combination activity with respect to any shares of common stock owned by them, directly or indirectly, whether acquired prior to our initial public offering or purchased by them in our initial public offering or in the aftermarket.

We may also require public stockholders who wish to convert, whether they are a record holder or hold their shares in “street name,” to either tender their certificates to our transfer agent at any time through the vote on the business combination or to deliver their shares to the transfer agent electronically using the DWAC System, at the holder’s option. The proxy solicitation materials that we will furnish to stockholders in connection with the vote for any proposed business combination will indicate whether we are requiring stockholders to satisfy such delivery requirements. Accordingly, a stockholder would have from the time the stockholder received our proxy statement through the vote on the business combination to deliver his or her shares if he or she wishes to seek to exercise his or her conversion rights. Under Delaware law and our bylaws, we are required to provide at least 10 days’ advance notice of any stockholder meeting, which would be the minimum amount of time a public stockholder would have to determine whether to exercise conversion rights.

There is a nominal cost associated with the above-referenced delivery process and the act of certificating the shares or delivering them through the DWAC System. The transfer agent will typically charge the tendering broker $45.00 and it would be up to the broker whether or not to pass this cost on to the holder. However, this fee would be incurred regardless of whether or not we require holders to deliver their shares prior to the vote on the business combination in order to exercise conversion rights. This is because a holder would need to deliver shares to exercise conversion rights regardless of the timing of when such delivery must be effectuated. However, in the event we require stockholders to deliver their shares prior to the vote on the proposed business combination and the proposed business combination is not consummated, this may result in an increased cost to stockholders.

The foregoing is different from the procedures used by many blank check companies. Traditionally, in order to perfect conversion rights in connection with a blank check company’s business combination, the company would distribute proxy materials for the stockholders’ vote on an initial business combination, and a holder could simply vote against a proposed business combination and check a box on the proxy card indicating such holder was seeking to exercise his or her conversion rights. After the business combination was approved, the company would contact such stockholder to arrange for him or her to deliver his or her certificate to verify ownership. As a result, the stockholder then had an “option window” after the consummation of the business combination during which he or she could monitor the price of the company’s stock in the market. If the price rose above the conversion price, he or she could sell his or her shares in the open market before actually delivering his or her shares to the company for cancellation. As a result, the conversion rights, to which stockholders were aware they needed to commit before the stockholder meeting, would become a “continuing” right surviving past the consummation of the business combination until the holder delivered its certificate.

The requirement for physical or electronic delivery prior to the meeting ensures that a holder’s election to convert his or her shares is irrevocable once the business combination is approved.

Any request to convert such shares once made may be withdrawn at any time up to the vote on the proposed business combination. Furthermore, if a holder of a public share delivered his or her certificate in connection with an election of their conversion and subsequently decides prior to the vote on the proposed business combination not to elect to exercise such rights, he or she may simply request that the transfer agent return the certificate (physically or electronically).

If the Business Combination is not approved or completed for any reason, then our public stockholders who elected to exercise their conversion rights would not be entitled to convert their shares for the applicable pro rata share of the trust account. In such case, we will promptly return any shares delivered by public holders.

Liquidation if No Business Combination

The current extension date by which we must consummate the Business Combination is June 30, 2025. Unless we submit and our stockholders approve an extension, if the Business Combination (or combination with another target business) is not completed by the Liquidation Date, such condition will trigger our automatic winding up, liquidation and dissolution pursuant to the terms of the Charter. As a result, this has the same effect as if we had formally gone through a voluntary liquidation procedure under the DGCL. Accordingly, no vote would be required from our stockholders to commence such a voluntary winding up, liquidation and dissolution.

The amount in the trust account (less approximately $228 representing the aggregate nominal par value of the common stock as of December 31, 2024) under the DGCL will be treated as a share premium which is distributable under the DGCL provided that immediately following the date on which the proposed distribution is proposed to be made, we are able to pay our debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business. If we are forced to liquidate the trust account, we anticipate that we would distribute to our stockholders the amount in the trust account calculated as of the date that is two (2) business days prior to the distribution date (including any accrued interest) including interest earned on the funds held in the trust account, and not previously released to us to pay our taxes, divided by the number of then outstanding public stock, subject to certain limitations. Prior to such distribution, we would be required to assess all claims that may be potentially brought against it by its creditors for amounts they are actually owed and make provision for such amounts, as creditors take priority over our shareholders with respect to amounts that are owed to them. We cannot assure you that it will properly assess all claims that may be potentially brought against it. As such, our stockholders could potentially be liable for any claims of creditors to the extent of distributions received by them as an unlawful payment in the event we enter an insolvent liquidation. Furthermore, while we have obtained and will continue to seek to have all vendors, service providers (other than its independent auditors), prospective target businesses or other entities with which we do business and prospective target businesses execute agreements with us waiving any right, title, interest or claim of any kind they may have in or to any monies held in the trust account, there is no guarantee that they will execute such agreements. Nor is there any guarantee that, even if such entities execute such agreements with us, they will not seek recourse against the trust account or that a court would conclude that such agreements are legally enforceable.

The Sponsor and our directors and officers have agreed to waive their rights to participate in any liquidation of the trust account or other assets with respect to any of our common stock held by them and to vote their common stock in favor of any dissolution and plan of distribution which we submit to a vote of stockholders. No consideration was received by such persons in respect of such waiver. There will be no distribution from the trust account with respect to the Rights, which will expire worthless.

If we are unable to complete the Business Combination and expend all of the net proceeds of the IPO, other than the proceeds deposited in the trust account and without taking into account interest, if any, earned on the trust account, the per-share distribution from the trust account would be approximately $11.32 based on the value of the trust account as of December 31, 2024.

The proceeds deposited in the trust account could, however, become subject to the claims of our creditors which would be prior to the claims of the public stockholders. Although we have obtained and will continue to seek to have all vendors, including lenders for money borrowed, prospective target businesses or other entities we engage execute agreements with us waiving any right, title, interest or claim of any kind in or to any monies held in the trust account for the benefit of our stockholders, there is no guarantee that they will execute such agreements or even if they execute such agreements that they would be prevented from bringing claims against the trust account, including but not limited to, fraudulent inducement, breach of fiduciary responsibility or other similar claims, as well as claims challenging the enforceability of the waiver, in each case in order to gain an advantage with a claim against our assets, including the funds held in the trust account.

The Sponsor has agreed that it will be liable to us if and to the extent any claims by a vendor for services rendered or products sold to us, or a prospective target business with which we have discussed entering into a transaction agreement, reduce the amount of funds in the trust account to below (a) $10.00 per our common stock (or such higher amount then held in trust) or (b) such lesser amount per our common stock held in the trust account as of the date of the liquidation of the trust account due to reductions in the value of the trust assets, in each case net of the interest which may be withdrawn to pay taxes, except as to any claims by a third party who executed a waiver of any and all rights to seek access to the trust account and except as to any claims under our indemnity of the underwriters of the IPO against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act. Moreover, in the event that an executed waiver is deemed to be unenforceable against a third party, the Sponsor will not be responsible to the extent of any liability for such third-party claims. Additionally, if we are forced to file a bankruptcy case or an involuntary bankruptcy case is filed against it which is not dismissed, the proceeds held in the trust account could be subject to applicable bankruptcy law and may be included in our bankruptcy estate and subject to the claims of third parties with priority over the claims of our stockholders. To the extent any bankruptcy claims deplete the trust account, we cannot assure you it will be able to return to our stockholders at least $10.00 per public stock (or such higher amount then held in trust).

Because we will not be complying with Section 280, Section 281(b) of the DGCL requires it to adopt a plan, based on facts known to us at such time that will provide for our payment of all existing and pending claims or claims that may be potentially brought against us within the 10 years following our dissolution. However, because we are a blank check company, rather than an operating company, and our operations are limited to searching for prospective target businesses to acquire, the only likely claims to arise would be from our vendors (such as lawyers, investment bankers, etc.) or prospective target businesses. If our plan of distribution complies with Section 281(b) of the DGCL, any liability of stockholders with respect to a liquidating distribution is limited to the lesser of such stockholder’s pro rata share of the claim or the amount distributed to the stockholder, and any liability of the stockholder would likely be barred after the third anniversary of the dissolution. We cannot assure you that we will properly assess all claims that may be potentially brought against us. As such, our stockholders could potentially be liable for any claims to the extent of distributions received by them (but no more) and any liability of our stockholders may extend beyond the third anniversary of such date. Furthermore, if the pro rata portion of our trust account distributed to our public stockholders upon the redemption of our public stock in the event we do not complete our initial business combination within the allotted time period is not considered a liquidating distribution under Delaware law and such redemption distribution is deemed to be unlawful, then pursuant to Section 174 of the DGCL, the statute of limitations for claims of creditors could then be six years after the unlawful redemption distribution, instead of three years, as in the case of a liquidating distribution.

Certificate of Incorporation

Our certificate of incorporation contains certain requirements and restrictions relating to our initial public offering that will apply to us until the consummation of our initial business combination. If we hold a stockholder vote to amend any provisions of our certificate of incorporation relating to stockholder’s rights or pre-business combination activity (including the substance or timing within which we have to complete a business combination), we will provide our public stockholders with the opportunity to redeem their shares of common stock upon approval of any such amendment at a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the trust account, including interest earned on the funds held in the trust account and not previously released to us to pay our franchise and income taxes, divided by the number of then outstanding public shares, in connection with any such vote. Our insiders have agreed to waive any conversion rights with respect to any founder shares, private shares and any public shares they may hold in connection with any vote to amend our certificate of incorporation. Specifically, our certificate of incorporation provides, among other things, that:

• prior to the consummation of our initial business combination, we shall either (1) seek stockholder approval of our initial business combination at a meeting called for such purpose at which public stockholders may seek to convert their shares of common stock, regardless of whether they vote for or against the proposed business combination, into a portion of the aggregate amount then on deposit in the trust account, net of taxes payable, or (2) provide our stockholders with the opportunity to sell their shares to us by means of a tender offer (and thereby avoid the need for a stockholder vote) for an amount equal to their pro rata share of the aggregate amount then on deposit in the trust account, net of taxes payable, in each case subject to the limitations described herein;
• we will consummate our initial business combination only if public stockholders do not exercise conversion rights in an amount that would cause our net tangible assets to be less than $5,000,001 and a majority of the outstanding shares of common stock voted are voted in favor of the business combination;
• if our initial business combination is not consummated within 9 months of the closing of our initial public offering, then our existence will terminate, and we will distribute all amounts in the trust account to all of our public holders of shares of common stock;
• upon the consummation of our initial public offering and the partial exercise of the underwriter’s over-allotment option, $77,276,860 was placed into the trust account;
• we may not consummate any other business combination, merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, reorganization or similar transaction prior to our initial business combination; and
• prior to our initial business combination, we may not issue additional shares of capital stock that would entitle the holders thereof to (i) receive funds from the trust account or (ii) vote on any initial business combination.

Potential Revisions to Agreements with Insiders

Each of our insiders has entered into letter agreements with us pursuant to which each of them has agreed to do certain things relating to us and our activities prior to a business combination. We could seek to amend these letter agreements without the approval of stockholders, although we have no intention to do so. In particular:

• Restrictions relating to liquidating the trust account if we failed to consummate a business combination in the time-frames specified above could be amended, but only if we allowed all stockholders to redeem their shares in connection with such amendment;
• Restrictions relating to our insiders being required to vote in favor of a business combination or against any amendments to our organizational documents could be amended to allow our insiders to vote on a transaction as they wished;
• The requirement of members of the management team to remain our officer or director until the closing of a business combination could be amended to allow persons to resign from their positions with us if, for example, the current management team was having difficulty locating a target business and another management team had a potential target business;
• The restrictions on transfer of our securities could be amended to allow transfer to third parties who were not members of our original management team;
• The obligation of our management team to not propose amendments to our organizational documents could be amended to allow them to propose such changes to our stockholders;
• The obligation of insiders to not receive any compensation in connection with a business combination could be modified in order to allow them to receive such compensation; and
• The requirement to obtain a valuation for any target business affiliated with our insiders, in the event it was too expensive to do so.

Except as specified above, stockholders would not be required to be given the opportunity to redeem their shares in connection with such changes. Such changes could result in:

• Our having an extended period of time to consummate a business combination (although with less in trust as a certain number of our stockholders would certainly redeem their shares in connection with any such extension);
• Our insiders being able to vote against a business combination or in favor of changes to our organizational documents;
• Our operations being controlled by a new management team that our stockholders did not elect to invest with;
• Our insiders receiving compensation in connection with a business combination; and
• Our insiders closing a transaction with one of their affiliates without receiving an independent valuation of such business.

We will not agree to any such changes unless we believed that such changes were in the best interests of our stockholders (for example, if we believed such a modification were necessary to complete a business combination). Each of our officers and directors has fiduciary obligations to us requiring that he or she act in our best interests and the best interests of our stockholders.

Competition

In identifying, evaluating and selecting a target business, we may encounter intense competition from other entities having a business objective similar to ours. Many of these entities are well established and have extensive experience identifying and effectuating business combinations directly or through affiliates. Many of these competitors possess greater technical, human and other resources than us and our financial resources will be relatively limited when contrasted with those of many of these competitors. While we believe there may be numerous potential target businesses that we could complete a business combination with utilizing the net proceeds of our initial public offering, our ability to compete in completing a business combination with certain sizable target businesses may be limited by our available financial resources.

The following also may not be viewed favorably by certain target businesses:

• our obligation to seek stockholder approval of our initial business combination or engage in a tender offer may delay the completion of a transaction;
• our obligation to convert shares of common stock held by our public stockholders may reduce the resources available to us for our initial business combination;
• our obligation to pay the deferred underwriting discounts to the underwriters upon consummation of our initial business combination;
• our obligation to either repay working capital loans that may be made to us by our insiders or their affiliates;
• our obligation to register the resale of the founder shares, as well as the private units (and underlying securities) and any shares issued to our insiders or their affiliates upon conversion of working capital loans; and
• the impact on the target business’ assets as a result of unknown liabilities under the securities laws or otherwise depending on developments involving us prior to the consummation of a business combination.

Any of these factors may place us at a competitive disadvantage in successfully negotiating our initial business combination. Our management believes, however, that our status as a public entity and potential access to the United States public equity markets may give us a competitive advantage over privately held entities having a similar business objective as ours in connection with an initial business combination with a target business with significant growth potential on favorable terms.

If we succeed in effectuating our initial business combination, there will be, in all likelihood, intense competition from competitors of the target business. Subsequent to our initial business combination, we may not have the resources or ability to compete effectively. Employees

We have four executive officers. These individuals are not obligated to devote any specific number of hours to our matters and intend to devote only as much time as they deem necessary to our affairs. The amount of time they devote in any time period will vary based on circumstances, including whether a target business has been selected for the business combination and the stage of the business combination process the company is in. Accordingly, once a suitable target business to consummate our initial business combination with has been located, management will spend more time investigating such target business and negotiating and processing the business combination (and consequently spend more time on our affairs) than had been spent prior to locating a suitable target business. We presently expect our executive officers to devote an average of approximately 10 hours per week to our business. We do not intend to have any full time employees prior to the consummation of our initial business combination.

Periodic Reporting and Audited Financial Statements

We have registered our units, common stock and rights under the Exchange Act and have reporting obligations, including the requirement that we file annual, quarterly and current reports with the SEC. In accordance with the requirements of the Exchange Act, our annual reports, including this Report, contain financial statements audited and reported on by our independent registered public accountants.

We will provide stockholders with audited financial statements of the prospective target business as part of any proxy solicitation materials or tender offer documents sent to stockholders to assist them in assessing the target business. These financial statements will need to be prepared in accordance with or reconciled to United States GAAP or IFRS as issued by the IASB. A particular target business identified by us as a potential business combination candidate may not have the necessary financial statements. To the extent that this requirement cannot be met, we may not be able to consummate our initial business combination with the proposed target business.

We may be required by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act to have our internal control over financial reporting audited for the year ending December 31, 2025. A target company may not be in compliance with the provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act regarding the adequacy of their internal control over financial reporting. The development of the internal control over financial reporting of any such entity to achieve compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act may increase the time and costs necessary to complete any such initial business combination.

JOBS Act

We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act, as modified by the JOBS Act. As such, we are eligible to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies” including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a non-binding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. If some investors find our securities less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our securities and the prices of our securities may be more volatile.

In addition, Section 107 of the JOBS Act also provides that an “emerging growth company” can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards. In other words, an “emerging growth company” can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We intend to take advantage of the benefits of this extended transition period until we are no longer an “emerging growth company.”

We will remain an emerging growth company until the earlier of (1) the last day of the fiscal year (a) following the fifth anniversary of the completion of our initial public offering, (b) in which we have total annual gross revenue of at least $1.235 billion, or (c) in which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer, which means the market value of our common stock that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the prior June 30th, and (2) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt during the prior three-year period. References herein to “emerging growth company” shall have the meaning associated with it in the JOBS Act.

As a smaller reporting company, we are not required to include risk factors in this Report. However, below is a partial list of material risks, uncertainties and other factors that could have a material effect on the Company and its operations:

• We are a blank check company with no revenue or basis to evaluate our ability to select a suitable business target;
• We may not be able to select an appropriate target business or businesses and complete our initial business combination in the prescribed time frame;
• Our expectations around the performance of a prospective target business or businesses may not be realized;
• We may not be successful in retaining or recruiting required officers, key employees or directors following our initial business combination;
• Our officers and directors may have difficulties allocating their time between the Company and other businesses and may potentially have conflicts of interest with our business or in approving our initial business combination;
• We may not be able to obtain additional financing to complete our initial business combination or reduce the number of shareholders requesting redemption;
• We may issue our shares to investors in connection with our initial business combination at a price that is less than the prevailing market price of our shares at that time;
• You may not be given the opportunity to choose the initial business target or to vote on the initial business combination;
• Trust account funds may not be protected against third party claims or bankruptcy;
• An active market for our public securities’ may not develop and you will have limited liquidity and trading;
• The availability to us of funds from interest income on the trust account balance may be insufficient to operate our business prior to the business combination;
• Our financial performance following a business combination with an entity may be negatively affected by their lack an established record of revenue, cash flows and experienced management;
• There may be more competition to find an attractive target for an initial business combination, which could increase the costs associated with completing our initial business combination and may result in our inability to find a suitable target;
• Changes in the market for directors and officers liability insurance could make it more difficult and more expensive for us to negotiate and complete an initial business combination;
• We may attempt to simultaneously complete business combinations with multiple prospective targets, which may hinder our ability to complete our initial business combination and give rise to increased costs and risks that could negatively impact our operations and profitability;
• We may engage one or more of our underwriters or one of their respective affiliates to provide additional services to us after the initial public offering, which may include acting as a financial advisor in connection with an initial business combination or as placement agent in connection with a related financing transaction. Our underwriters are entitled to receive deferred underwriting commissions that will be released from the trust account only upon a completion of an initial business combination. These financial incentives may cause them to have potential conflicts of interest in rendering any such additional services to us after the initial public offering, including, for example, in connection with the sourcing and consummation of an initial business combination;
• We may attempt to complete our initial business combination with a private company about which little information is available, which may result in a business combination with a company that is not as profitable as we suspected, if at all;
• Since our initial stockholders will lose their entire investment in us if our initial business combination is not completed (other than with respect to any public shares they may acquire during or after our initial public offering), and because our sponsor, officers and directors may profit substantially even under circumstances in which our public stockholders would experience losses in connection with their investment, a conflict of interest may arise in determining whether a particular business combination target is appropriate for our initial business combination;
• Changes in laws or regulations or how such laws or regulations are interpreted or applied, or a failure to comply with any laws or regulations, may adversely affect our business, including our ability to negotiate and complete our initial business combination, and results of operations;
• If the funds held outside of our trust account are insufficient to allow us to operate until at least June 30, 2025 (or such date as extended by our charter), our ability to fund our search for a target business or businesses or complete an initial business combination may be adversely affected;
• Our independent registered public accounting firm’s report contains an explanatory paragraph that expresses substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern, since we will cease all operations except for the purpose of liquidating if we are unable to complete an initial business combination by June 30, 2025 (or such date as extended by our charter);
• The value of the founder shares following completion of our initial business combination is likely to be substantially higher than the nominal price paid for them, even if the trading price of our common stock at such time is substantially less than $10.00 per share;
• Resources could be wasted in researching acquisitions that are not completed, which could materially adversely affect subsequent attempts to locate and acquire or merge with another business. If we have not completed our initial business combination within the required time period, our public stockholders may receive only approximately $10.00 per share, or less than such amount in certain circumstances, on the liquidation of our trust account and our rights will expire worthless; and
• Our ability to identify a target and to consummate an initial business combination may be adversely affected by economic uncertainty and volatility in the financial markets, including as a result of the military conflict in Ukraine.

For the complete list of risks relating to our operations, see the section titled “Risk Factors” contained in our Registration Statement.

Cybersecurity Risk Management

We are a special purpose acquisition company with no business operations. Since our Initial Public Offering, our sole business activity has been identifying and evaluating suitable acquisition transaction candidates. Therefore, we do not consider that we face significant cybersecurity risk and have not adopted any cybersecurity risk management program or formal processes for assessing cybersecurity risk. Our management is generally responsible for the oversight of risks from cybersecurity threats, if any. Information regarding any cybersecurity incidents would be shared with our board of directors or audit committee to enable assessments related to disclosure and notice requirements. We have not encountered any cybersecurity incidents since our Initial Public Offering.

Our executive offices are located at 4422 N. Ravenswood Ave. #1025, Chicago, Illinois 60640, and our telephone number is (251) 280-1980. The cost for our use of this space is included in the $10,000 per month fee we pay to our sponsor for office space, administrative and shared personnel support services. We consider our current office space adequate for our current operations.

There is no material litigation, arbitration or governmental proceeding currently pending against us or any members of our management team in their capacity as such or against any of our property.

References to the “Company,” “us,” “our” or “we” refer to Welsbach Technology Metals Acquisition Corp. The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements and related notes included herein.

Overview

We are a blank check company formed for the purpose of effecting a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, reorganization, or similar business combination with one or more target businesses. We intend to effectuate our business combination using cash from the proceeds of our initial public offering and the sale of the placement units that occurred simultaneously with the completion of our IPO, our capital stock, debt or a combination of cash, stock and debt.

We expect to continue to incur significant costs in the pursuit of our acquisition plans. We cannot assure you that our plans to complete a business combination will be successful.

Recent Developments

Promissory Notes

On March 20, 2024, the Company issued a promissory note (the “Working Capital Note 6”) in the principal amount of $373,737 to the Sponsor in exchange for cash.

On June 28, 2024, the Company issued a promissory note (the “Working Capital Note 7”) in the principal amount of $177,773 to the Sponsor in exchange for cash.

On September 30, 2024, the Company issued a promissory note (the “Working Capital Note 8”) in the principal amount of $192,069 to the Sponsor in exchange for cash.

On December 31, 2024, the Company issued a promissory note (the “Working Capital Note 9”) in the principal amount of $448,287 to the Sponsor in exchange for cash.

Merger Agreement, as Amended

On January 25, 2024, the Company issued a press release to announce that it had entered into a non-binding letter of intent with a target in the critical materials space (the “Target”) for a potential business combination. There can be no assurance that a definitive agreement will be entered into or that the proposed transaction will be consummated.

On March 22, 2024, the Company issued a press release to announce that it had entered into a binding letter of intent with Evolution Metals LLC, a Delaware company (“EM” or the “Target”) for a potential business combination.

On April 1, 2024, the Company entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) by and among the Company, the Merger Sub, and EM. Upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this Merger Agreement, the Company, Merger Sub and the EM (Merger Sub and EM sometimes being referred to herein as the “Constituent Corporations”) shall cause Merger Sub to be merged with and into EM, with EM being the surviving corporation in the Merger. The Merger shall be consummated in accordance with the Merger Agreement and shall be evidenced by a certificate of merger with respect to the Merger (as so filed, the “Merger Certificate”), executed by the Constituent Corporations in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law (“DGCL”), Upon consummation of the Merger, the separate corporate existence of Merger Sub shall cease and EM, as the surviving corporation of the Merger (hereinafter the “Surviving Corporation”), shall continue its corporate existence under the DGCL, as a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. The Company will immediately be renamed Evolution Metals & Technologies Corp.

On November 6, 2024, the Company entered an Amended and Restated Agreement and Plan of Merger amending the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of April 1, 2024.

On November 11, 2024 WTMA entered into an Amendment No. 1 to the Merger Agreement, amending and restating certain defined terms in the Merger Agreement and the corresponding consideration schedule in the Company Disclosure Schedule, to clarify that US NewCo will be a holder of membership interests in EM following the proposed merger that is part of the Business Combination.

On February 10, 2025 WTMA entered into an Amendment No. 2 to the Merger Agreement restating certain recitals and defined terms in the Merger Agreement and the corresponding consideration schedule in the Company Disclosure Schedule, clarifying the amount of Company Membership Units to be received by Korea NewCo and US NewCo in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement. Further, the Amendment No. 2 amended and restated certain provisions of the Merger Agreement such that the New EM board of directors after the Closing will consist of six (6) directors, which shall initially include six (6) director nominees designated by EM and reasonably acceptable to WTMA, insofar as those nominees are elected to the New EM board of directors. Finally, the Amendment No. 2 replaced the form of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation to be filed immediately following the Effective Time with the form attached as Exhibit A to the Amendment No. 2.

Ancillary Agreements

Company Equityholder Support and Lock-up Agreement

As a condition and inducement to WTMA’s willingness to enter into the Merger Agreement, William David Wilcox Jr. (the “Company Equityholder”) executed and delivered to WTMA a Support and Lock-up Agreement (the “Company Equityholder Support and Lock-Up Agreement”), dated as of November 6, 2024, by and among the Company Equityholder, WTMA, the Sponsor, and the Company Minority Equityholders. Pursuant to the Company Equityholder Support and Lock-up Agreement, the Company Equityholder has agreed, among other things, (i) to vote in favor of the adoption and approval, promptly following the time at which the registration statement on Form S-4 shall have been declared effective and delivered or otherwise made available to WTMA stockholders, of the Merger Agreement and the Business Combination and (ii) not to sell, transfer, convey or assign any Subject Shares (as defined in the Company Equityholder Support and Lock-Up Agreement) until such time to be mutually agreed by the parties hereto after the Closing Date subject to the terms and conditions of the Company Equityholder Support and Lock-up Agreement.

Sponsor Support and Lock-Up Agreement

As a condition and inducement to the EM’s willingness to enter into the Merger Agreement, the Sponsor executed and delivered to EM a Sponsor Support and Lock-up Agreement (the “Sponsor Support and Lock-up Agreement”), dated as of November 6, 2024, by and among the Sponsor, WTMA, EM and the persons set forth on Schedule I thereto. Pursuant to the Sponsor Support and Lock-Up Agreement, the Sponsor has agreed, among other things, (i) to vote (whether pursuant to a duly convened meeting of the WTMA stockholders or pursuant to an action by written consent of the WTMA stockholders) in favor of the adoption and approval, promptly following the time at which the registration statement on Form S-4 shall have been declared effective and delivered or otherwise made available to WTMA stockholders, of the Merger Agreement and the Business Combination and (ii) not to sell, transfer, convey or assign any shares of WTMA Common Stock until such time to be mutually agreed by the parties thereto after the Closing subject to the terms and conditions of the Sponsor Support and Lock-up Agreement.

On November 14, 2024, WTMA issued a press release announcing the execution of that certain Amended and Restated Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of November 6, 2024, as amended by the Amendment No. 1 to Amended and Restated Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of November 11, 2024, (the “Merger Agreement”), by and among the WTMA, WTMA Merger Subsidiary LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of WTMA (“Merger Sub”), and Evolution Metals LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“EM”), which amended and restated that certain Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of April 1, 2024.

Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, at the closing (the “Closing”) of the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement (the “Business Combination”), Merger Sub will merge with and into EM, with EM surviving as a wholly owned subsidiary of WTMA. In connection with the Closing, WTMA intends to change its name to Evolution Metals & Technologies Corp. (such post-Closing entity is referred to as “New EM”).

CMR Merger Agreement

On February 10, 2025, as part of the series of transactions contemplated by the Business Combination, WTMA entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “CMR Merger Agreement”), by and among WTMA, Critical Mineral Recovery, Inc., a Missouri corporation (“CMR”), and the other parties thereto, pursuant to which CMR will be merged out of existence and into a wholly owned subsidiary of WTMA.

Pursuant to the CMR Merger Agreement, the sole shareholder of CMR shall receive (A) 22,500,000 shares of New EM common stock, (B) cash in an amount of $125,000,000 and (C) cash in an amount up to $50,000,000 to be used to repay CMR’s indebtedness.

The CMR Merger Agreement contains customary representations and warranties by the parties. Certain of the representations are subject to specified exceptions and qualifications contained in the CMR Merger Agreement or in information provided pursuant to certain disclosure schedules to the CMR Merger Agreement.

The closing of the CMR Merger Agreement is subject to the closing of the other transactions that are part of the Business Combination and other customary closing conditions. The consummation of the other transactions that are part of the Business Combination are conditioned on the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the CMR Merger Agreement.

Results of Operations

We have neither engaged in any operations nor generated any operating revenues to date. Our only activities for the period ended December 31, 2024 were in connection with the search for a prospective initial Business Combination. We do not expect to generate any operating revenues until after the completion of our initial Business Combination, at the earliest. We generate non-operating income in the form of interest income from the proceeds of the IPO placed in the Trust Account. We expect that we will incur increased expenses as a result of being a public company (for legal, financial reporting, accounting and auditing compliance), as well as for due diligence expenses in connection with searching for, and completing, a Business Combination.

For the year ended December 31, 2024, we had a net loss of $899,927, which primarily consists of operating expenses of $1,428,060, franchise taxes of $154,785 and a provision for income taxes of $125,950, partially offset by interest earned on cash held in the Trust Account in total of $808,868.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, we had a net loss of $54,322, which primarily consists of operating expenses of $2,022,981 and accrual of Delaware franchise taxes of $200,000, partially offset by interest and dividend earned on marketable securities held in the Trust Account in total of $2,168,659.

Liquidity, Capital Resources and Going Concern

On December 30, 2021, the Company consummated the IPO of 7,500,000 units, each Unit containing one share of common stock and one right to receive 1/10 of one share of common stock upon the consummation of the Business Combination, generating gross proceeds of $75,000,000, which is discussed in Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements.

Simultaneously with the closing of the IPO, the Company consummated the sale of 347,500 private placement units (“Private Placement Units”) at a price of $10.00 per Private Placement Unit in a private placement to the Company’s sponsor, Welsbach Acquisition Holdings LLC (the “Sponsor”) generating gross proceeds of $3,475,000 which is described in Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements.

The Company granted the underwriters a 45-day option to purchase up to 1,125,000 Units to cover Over-allotment, if any. On January 14, 2022, the underwriters partially exercised the option and purchased 227,686 additional Units (the “Over-allotment Units”), generating gross proceeds of $2,276,860.

Upon the closing of the Over-allotment on January 14, 2022, the Company consummated a private sale of an additional 4,554 Private Placement Units at a price of $10.00 per Private Placement Unit, generating gross proceeds of $45,540. As of January 14, 2022, a total of $77,276,860 of the net proceeds from the IPO (including the Over-allotment Units) and the sale of Private Placement Units has been placed in the Trust Account. As the over-allotment option was only partially exercised, 224,328 shares of Common stock purchased by the Initial Stockholders have been forfeited for no consideration.

Offering costs for the IPO amounted to $4,663,218, consisting of $1,500,000 of underwriting fees, $2,625,000 of deferred underwriting fees payable (which are held in the trust account) and $538,218 of other costs. The deferred underwriting fee payable of $2,704,690 is contingent upon the consummation of a Business Combination by September 30, 2023, subject to the terms of the Underwriting Agreement.

For the year ended December 31, 2024, cash used in operating activities was $1,459,263. Net cash provided by investing activities was $12,320,164 mainly reflecting cash withdrawn from trust account to pay franchise and income taxes and cash withdrawn from trust account in connection with redemption. Net cash used in financing activities was $11,027,925 mainly reflecting proceeds from convertible promissory notes and working capital loans entered into with the related party and redemption of common stock.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, cash used in operating activities was $1,347,387. Net cash provided by investing activities was $58,044,586 and net cash used in financing activities was $57,052,053 mainly reflecting the redemptions of common stock due to stockholders exercising their redemption rights in connection with the Extension and proceeds from convertible promissory notes entered into with the Sponsor.

At December 31, 2024, we had cash held in the trust account of $12,257,933. We intend to use substantially all of the funds held in the trust account, including any amounts representing interest earned on the trust account (less income taxes payable), to complete our business combination. To the extent that our capital stock or debt is used, in whole or in part, as consideration to complete our Business Combination, the remaining proceeds held in the Trust Account will be used as working capital to finance the operations of the target business or businesses, make other acquisitions and pursue our growth strategies. For the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company had $12,320,164 withdrawn from the trust account in connection with redemption and to pay franchise and income taxes.

At December 31, 2024, we had operating cash of $1,185, outside of the trust account. We have used and intend to continue to use the funds held outside the trust account primarily to identify and evaluate target businesses, perform business due diligence on prospective target businesses, travel to and from the offices, plants or similar locations of prospective target businesses or their representatives or owners, review corporate documents and material agreements of prospective target businesses, and structure, negotiate and complete a business combination. Through December 31, 2024, the Company has withdrawn a total of $841,386 from the Trust Account for taxes of which was already utilized to pay for franchise and income taxes. Through December 31, 2023, the Company has withdrawn a total of $741,013 from the Trust Account for taxes of which $579,564 was already utilized to pay for franchise and income taxes. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, there is a restricted cash balance of nil and $0 which were utilized to pay the outstanding franchise and income taxes. For the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, amounts accrued and paid for interest and penalties related to franchise tax were $7,935 and $22,771, respectively.

We monitor the adequacy of our working capital in order to meet the expenditures required for operating our business prior to our initial business combination. However, if our estimates of the costs of identifying a target business, undertaking in-depth due diligence and negotiating an initial business combination are less than the actual amount necessary to do so, we may have insufficient funds available to operate our business prior to our business combination. Moreover, we may need to obtain additional financing either to complete our Business Combination or because we become obligated to redeem a significant number of our public shares upon completion of our business combination, in which case we may issue additional securities or incur debt in connection with such business combination. If we are unable to complete our initial Business Combination because we do not have sufficient funds available to us, we will be forced to cease operations and liquidate the trust account.

The Company will need to raise additional capital through loans or additional investments from its Sponsor, stockholders, officers, directors, or third parties. The Company’s officers, directors and Sponsor may, but are not obligated to, loan the Company funds, from time to time or at any time, in whatever amount they deem reasonable in their sole discretion, to meet the Company’s working capital needs. Accordingly, the Company may not be able to obtain additional financing. If the Company is unable to raise additional capital, it may be required to take additional measures to conserve liquidity, which could include, but not necessarily be limited to, suspending the pursuit of a Business Combination. The Company cannot provide any assurance that new financing will be available to it on commercially acceptable terms, if at all.

As a result of the above, in connection with the Company’s assessment of going concern considerations in accordance with FASB’s Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-15, “Disclosures of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern,” management determined that the liquidity condition and date for mandatory liquidation and dissolution raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern through August 30, 2023, the scheduled liquidation date of the Company if it does not complete a Business Combination prior to such date. Management may raise additional capital through loans or additional investments from its Sponsor, stockholders, officers, directors, or third parties to meet the Company’s working capital needs and to complete a Business Combination before the mandatory liquidation date. The Company may not be able to obtain additional financing. The Company cannot provide any assurance that new financing will be available to it on commercially acceptable terms, if at all. The Company intends to complete a Business Combination before the mandatory liquidation date. However, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to consummate any Business Combination by December 31, 2024. These consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recovery of the recorded assets or the classification of the liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from its inability to consummate a Business Combination or its inability to continue as a going concern.

Related Party Transactions

Related Party Loans

In addition, in order to finance transaction costs in connection with a Business Combination, certain of the Company’s officers and directors may, but are not obligated to, loan the Company funds as may be required. If the Company completes a Business Combination, the Company would repay the Working Capital Loans out of the proceeds of the Trust Account released to the Company. Otherwise, the Working Capital Loans would be repaid only out of funds held outside the Trust Account. In the event that a Business Combination does not close, the Company may use a portion of proceeds held outside the Trust Account to repay the Working Capital Loans but no proceeds held in the Trust Account would be used to repay the Working Capital Loans.

On September 30, 2022, the Company issued a first promissory note (the “First Promissory Note”) in the principal amount of $772,769 to the Sponsor in connection with the Extension. The First Promissory Note bears no interest and shall be payable upon the earlier to occur of (i) upon consummation of the Company’s initial business combination out of the proceeds of the Trust Account released to the Company’s or (ii) at the Sponsor’s discretion, converted, in full or in part, upon consummation of the Company’s business combination into additional private units at a price of $10.00 per unit.

On December 30, 2022, the Company issued a second promissory note (the “Second Promissory Note”) in the principal amount of $772,769 to the Sponsor in connection with the Extension. The Second Promissory Note bears no interest and shall be payable upon the earlier to occur of (i) upon consummation of the Company’s initial business combination out of the proceeds of the Trust Account released to the Company’s or (ii) at the Sponsor’s discretion, converted, in full or in part, upon consummation of the Company’s business combination into additional private units at a price of $10.00 per unit.

On March 30, 2023, April 30, 2023, May 30, 2023, June 30, 2023, July 30, 2023 and August 30, 2023, the Company issued six promissory notes to the Sponsor in connection with the March Extensions (the “Third”, “Fourth”, “Fifth”, “Sixth”, “Seventh”, and “Eighth” Promissory Notes) in the principal amount of $125,000 for each note. The First Promissory Note together with Second through Eighth Promissory Notes (collectively, the “Convertible Promissory Notes”). The Convertible Promissory Notes bear no interest and shall be payable upon the earlier to occur of (i) upon consummation of the Company’s initial business combination out of the proceeds of the Trust Account released to the Company’s or (ii) at the Sponsor’s discretion, converted, in full or in part, upon consummation of the Company’s business combination into additional private units at a price of $10.00 per unit (the “Conversion”).

On July 30, 2023, the Company issued a promissory note (the “Working Capital Note 1”) in the principal amount of $84,000 to the Sponsor in exchange for cash. The Company drawn an additional $100 from this promissory note which resulted in a total outstanding amount of $84,100.

On August 30, 2023, the Company issued a promissory note (the “Working Capital Note 2”) in the principal amount of $378,000 to the Sponsor in exchange for cash.

On September 28, 2023, the Company issued a promissory note (the “Working Capital Note 3”) in the principal amount of $22,000 to the Sponsor in exchange for cash.

On November 10, 2023, the Company issued a promissory note (the “Working Capital Note 4”) in the principal amount of $50,000 to the Sponsor in exchange for cash.

On December 29, 2023, the Company issued a promissory note (the “Working Capital Note 5”) in the principal amount of $15,000 to the Sponsor in exchange for cash.

On March 20, 2024, the Company issued a promissory note (the “Working Capital Note 6”) working capital promissory note to the Sponsor in the principal amount of $373,737 in exchange for cash.

On June 28, 2024, the Company issued a promissory note (the “Working Capital Note 7”) in the principal amount of $177,773 to the Sponsor in exchange for cash.

On September 30, 2024, the Company issued a promissory note (the “Working Capital Note 8”) in the principal amount of $192,069 to the Sponsor in exchange for cash.

On December 31, 2024, the Company issued a promissory note (the “Working Capital Note 9”) in the principal amount of $448,287 to the Sponsor in exchange for cash.

Working Capital Note 1, together with Working Capital Notes 2, 3, 4,5,6,7, 8 and 9 the (hereinafter, collectively, the “Working Capital Notes”) are a non-interest bearing, unsecured promissory notes that will not be repaid in the event that the Company is unable to close an initial business combination unless there are funds available outside the trust account to do so. Such Working Capital Notes would either be paid upon consummation of the Initial Business Combination out of the proceeds of the Trust Account released to the Company or, at the Sponsor’s discretion, converted, in full or in part, upon consummation of the Initial Business Combination into additional private units at a price of $10.00 per unit. Additional Working Capital Notes may be funded at the discretion of the Sponsor, in total amounts for the Working Capital Notes series not to exceed $2.5 million.

The Convertible Promissory Notes and Working Capital Notes would either be repaid upon consummation of a Business Combination, without interest, or, at the lender’s discretion, convertible into private units of the post-Business Combination entity at a price of $10.00 per unit. The conversion feature was analyzed under ASC 470-20, “Debt with Conversion or Other Options”, the note did not include any premium or discounts. The conversion option did not include elements that would require bifurcation under ASC 815-40, “Derivatives and Hedging.” The convertible note payable and conversion feature does not meet the requirements for classification under ASC 480 and as a result is not required to be accounted for as a liability under ASC 480. In this case, the conversion feature embedded within the convertible promissory note does not require bifurcation and as a result remains embedded within the debt instrument because the convertible promissory note conversion feature does not meet the definition of a derivative as it fails the net settlement requirement. The embedded conversion feature does qualify as equity under ASC 815-40 as the exercise contingency is not based on an observable market or index unrelated to the issuer, the instrument meets the fixed-for-fixed criteria under ASC 815-40-15, meets the requirements for equity classification pursuant to ASC 815-40-25-1 and 25-2 and does not meet the definition of a derivative as it fails the net settlement requirement. Based on this analysis, the scope exception would apply, and the embedded conversion feature would fail to satisfy the third bifurcation condition within ASC 815-15-25-1.

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, there was $2,296,371 outstanding under the Convertible Promissory Notes reported in Convertible promissory notes – related party in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, there were $1,740,966 and $549,100 outstanding under the Working Capital Notes reported in Working capital loans – related party in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

The Company’s independent directors were informed that on May 3, 2023, the Company and Welsbach Holdings Pte Ltd (the “Backstopper”), an affiliate of the Sponsor, entered into a backstop agreement (the “Backstop Agreement”) pursuant to which the Backstopper guarantees any deficiency of restricted cash which may exist as of December 31, 2024, and agrees to advance funds as needed to remedy any such deficiency. The foregoing summary of the Backstop Agreement is qualified in its entirety by the text of the Backstop Agreement, a copy of which is attached as Exhibit 10.3 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the Company on August 1, 2023 and incorporated by reference herein.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have no obligations, assets or liabilities, which would be considered off-balance sheet arrangements as of December 31, 2024. We do not participate in transactions that create relationships with entities or financial partnerships, often referred to as variable interest entities, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements. We have not entered into any off-balance sheet financing arrangements, established any special purpose entities, guaranteed any debt or commitments of other entities, or purchased any non-financial assets.

Contractual obligations

We do not have any long-term debt, capital lease obligations or operating lease obligations.

The underwriters were paid a cash underwriting discount of $0.20 per Unit on the offering, or $1,545,537 in the aggregate at the closing of the IPO and the over-allotment option. In addition, the underwriters are entitled to a deferred underwriting commissions of $0.35 per unit, or $2,704,690 from the closing of the IPO.

The Company issued a first promissory note in the principal amount of $772,769 to the Sponsor. The First Promissory Note bears no interest and shall be payable upon the earlier to occur of (i) upon consummation of the Company’s initial business combination out of the proceeds of the Trust Account released to the Company’s or (ii) at the Sponsor’s discretion, converted, in full or in part, upon consummation of the Company’s business combination into additional private units at a price of $10.00 per unit.

The Company issued a second promissory note in the principal amount of $772,769 to the Sponsor. The Second Promissory Note bears no interest and shall be payable upon the earlier to occur of (i) upon consummation of the Company’s initial business combination out of the proceeds of the Trust Account released to the Company’s or (ii) at the Sponsor’s discretion, converted, in full or in part, upon consummation of the Company’s business combination into additional private units at a price of $10.00 per unit.

The Company issued six promissory notes in the principal amount of $125,000 to the Sponsor. The Promissory Notes bear no interest and shall be payable upon the earlier to occur of (i) upon consummation of the Company’s initial business combination out of the proceeds of the Trust Account released to the Company’s or (ii) at the Sponsor’s discretion, converted, in full or in part, upon consummation of the Company’s business combination into additional private units at a price of $10.00 per unit.

On July 30, 2023, the Company issued Working Capital Note 1 in the principal amount of $84,000 to the Sponsor in exchange for cash. The Company drawn an additional $100 from this promissory note which resulted in a total outstanding amount of $84,100.

On August 30, 2023, the Company issued Working Capital Note 2 in the principal amount of $378,000 to the Sponsor in exchange for cash.

On September 28, 2023, the Company issued Working Capital Note 3 in the principal amount of $22,000 to the Sponsor in exchange for cash.

On November 10, 2023, the Company issued Working Capital Note 4 in the principal amount of $50,000 to the Sponsor in exchange for cash.

On December 29, 2023, the Company issued Working Capital Note 5 in the principal amount of $15,000 to the Sponsor in exchange for cash.

On March 20, 2024, the Company issued a Working Capital Note 6 in the principal amount of $373,737 to the Sponsor in exchange for cash.

On June 28, 2024, the Company issued a Working Capital Note 7 in the principal amount of $177,773 to the Sponsor in exchange for cash.

On September 30, 2024, the Company issued a Working Capital Note 8 in the principal amount of $192,069 to the Sponsor in exchange for cash.

On December 31, 2024, the Company issued a Working Capital Note 9 in the principal amount of $448,287 to the Sponsor in exchange for cash.

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, there was an aggregate of 2,296,371, outstanding under the Convertible Promissory Notes reported in Convertible promissory notes – related party in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, there were amounts of $1,740,966 and $549,100, outstanding under the Working Capital Notes reported in Working capital loans – related party in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

Factors That May Adversely Affect Our Results of Operations

Our results of operations and our ability to complete an initial business combination may be adversely affected by various factors that could cause economic uncertainty and volatility in the financial markets, many of which are beyond our control. Our business could be impacted by, among other things, downturns in the financial markets or in economic conditions, increases in oil prices, inflation, increases in interest rates, supply chain disruptions, declines in consumer confidence and spending, the ongoing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, including resurgences and the emergence of new variants, and geopolitical instability, such as the military conflict in Ukraine and the Middle East. We cannot at this time fully predict the likelihood of one or more of the above events, their duration or magnitude or the extent to which they may negatively impact our business and our ability to complete an initial business combination.

JOBS Act

On April 5, 2012, the JOBS Act was signed into law. The JOBS Act contains provisions that, among other things, relax certain reporting requirements for qualifying public companies. We will qualify as an “emerging growth company” and under the JOBS Act will be allowed to comply with new or revised accounting pronouncements based on the effective date for private (not publicly traded) companies. We are electing to delay the adoption of new or revised accounting standards, and as a result, we may not comply with new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required for non-emerging growth companies. As such, our consolidated financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with public company effective dates.

Additionally, we are in the process of evaluating the benefits of relying on the other reduced reporting requirements provided by the JOBS Act. Subject to certain conditions set forth in the JOBS Act, if, as an “emerging growth company,” we choose to rely on such exemptions we may not be required to, among other things, (i) provide an auditor’s attestation report on our system of internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, (ii) provide all of the compensation disclosure that may be required of non-emerging growth public companies under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, (iii) comply with any requirement that may be adopted by the PCAOB regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report providing additional information about the audit and the consolidated financial statements (auditor discussion and analysis) and (iv) disclose certain executive compensation related items such as the correlation between executive compensation and performance and comparisons of executive compensation to median employee compensation. These exemptions will apply for a period of five years following the completion of our IPO or until we are no longer an “emerging growth company,” whichever is earlier.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Critical Accounting Policies

Common Stock Subject to Possible Redemption

We account for our common stock subject to possible redemption in accordance with the guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 480 “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity.” Common stock subject to mandatory redemption is classified as a liability instrument and is measured at fair value. Conditionally redeemable common stock (including common stock that features redemption rights that are either within the control of the holder or subject to redemption upon the occurrence of uncertain events not solely within our control) is classified as temporary equity. At all other times, common stock is classified as stockholders’ equity. Our common stock features certain redemption rights that are considered to be outside of our control and subject to occurrence of uncertain future events. Accordingly, common stock subject to possible redemption is presented as temporary equity, outside of the stockholders’ equity section of our consolidated balance sheets. The Company recognizes changes in redemption value immediately as they occur and adjusts the carrying value of redeemable common stock to equal the redemption value at the end of each reporting period. Increases or decreases in the carrying amount of redeemable common stock are affected by charges against additional paid in capital and accumulated deficit.

Net Loss per Share of Common Stock

The Company computes loss per share in accordance with ASC 260-10-45 “Earnings per Share”, which requires presentation of both basic and diluted loss per share on the face of the statement of operations. The Company’s public common shares have a redemption right, which differ from the common shares that the sponsors hold. Accordingly, the Company has effectively two classes of shares, which are referred to as public common shares and Founder Shares. Income and losses are shared pro rata between the two classes of shares. Net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, excluding shares of common stock subject to forfeiture by the Sponsor. At December 31, 2024, the Company did not have any dilutive securities and/or other contracts that could, potentially, be exercised or converted into shares of common stock and then share in the earnings of the Company. As a result, diluted loss per share is the same as basic loss per share for the period presented.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and income and expenses during the periods reported. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates. As of the end of the reporting period, we have not identified any critical accounting estimates.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASU 2023-09”), which requires disclosure of incremental income tax information within the rate reconciliation and expanded disclosures of income taxes paid, among other disclosure requirements. ASU 2023-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Company’s management does not believe the adoption of ASU 2023-09 will have a material impact on its financial statements and disclosures.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. The amendments in this ASU require disclosures, on an annual and interim basis, of significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating officer decision maker (“CODM”), as well as the aggregate amount of other segment items included in the reported measure of segment profit or loss. The ASU requires that a public entity disclose the title and position of the CODM and an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measure(s) of segment profit or loss in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources. Public entities will be required to provide all annual disclosures currently required by Topic 280 in interim periods, and entities with a single reportable segment are required to provide all the disclosures required by the amendments in this ASU and existing segment disclosures in Topic 280. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. As of December 31, 2024, this ASU became effective and our management adopted this ASU in our financial statements and related disclosures.

Management does not believe that any other recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting standards if currently adopted would have a material effect on the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and are not required to provide the information otherwise required under this item.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer (together, the “Certifying Officers”), we carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act. Based on the foregoing, our Certifying Officers concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this Report.

Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Certifying Officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Controls over Financial Reporting

As required by SEC rules and regulations implementing Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Our internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of our consolidated financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). Our internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that:

(1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of our company,

(2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors, and

(3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect errors or misstatements in our consolidated financial statements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree or compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting at December 31, 2024. In making these assessments, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013). Based on our assessments and those criteria, management determined that we maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024. This Report does not include an attestation report of our independent registered public accounting firm due to our status as an emerging growth company under the JOBS Act.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.