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Dexcom Inc: Form 10-Q for the period ended Sep 30, 2025

Filed with the SEC on Oct 30, 2025 and accepted by EDGAR at Oct 30, 2025, 17:19 ET.

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Management's discussion and analysis

As filed, 35,802 characters, with its headings, lists and tables. Extracted from the main document; charts and exhibits are in the original on sec.gov.

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including the following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, contains forward-looking statements that are not purely historical regarding Dexcom’s or its management’s intentions, beliefs, expectations and strategies for the future. These forward-looking statements fall within the meaning of the federal securities laws that relate to future events or our future financial performance. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “intend,” “potential” or “continue” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. Forward-looking statements are made as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, deal with future events, are subject to various risks and uncertainties, and actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in those forward looking statements. The risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially are more fully described under “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 filed with the SEC on February 18, 2025, together with any updates identified under “Risk Factors” in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and in our other reports filed with the SEC. We assume no obligation to update any of the forward-looking statements after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or to conform these forward-looking statements to actual results. You should read the following discussion and analysis together with our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Overview

Who We Are

We are a medical device company primarily focused on the design, development and commercialization of continuous glucose monitoring, or CGM, systems for the management of diabetes and metabolic health by patients, caregivers, and clinicians around the world. We received approval from the Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, and commercialized our first product in 2006. We launched our latest generation systems, the Dexcom G6 integrated Continuous Glucose Monitoring System, or G6, in 2018, and we launched the Dexcom G7, or G7, in 2023. In August 2024, we launched Stelo, our biosensor designed for adults with prediabetes and Type 2 diabetes who do not use insulin, as the first over-the-counter glucose biosensor in the U.S. In April 2025, we received FDA clearance for the Dexcom G7 15 Day CGM System for people over the age of 18 with diabetes in the United States. Unless the context requires otherwise, the terms “we,” “us,” “our,” the “company,” or “Dexcom” refer to DexCom, Inc. and its subsidiaries.

Global Presence

We have built a direct sales organization in North America and certain international markets to call on health care professionals, such as endocrinologists, physicians and diabetes educators, who can educate and influence patient adoption of continuous glucose monitoring. To complement our direct sales efforts, we have entered into distribution arrangements in North America and several international markets that allow distributors to sell our products.

Future Developments

Product Development: We plan to develop future generations of technologies that are focused on improved performance and convenience and that will enable intelligent insulin administration. Over the longer term, we plan to continue to develop and improve networked platforms with open architecture, connectivity and transmitters capable of communicating with other devices. We also intend to expand our efforts to accumulate CGM patient data and metrics and apply predictive modeling and machine learning to generate interactive CGM insights that can inform patient behavior.

Partnerships: We continue to support partnerships with insulin pump companies and companies or institutions developing insulin delivery systems, including automated insulin delivery systems. With the introduction of Stelo, we are also pursuing and supporting development partnerships with consumer technology product companies that seek to provide metabolic health insights to their customers.

New Opportunities: We are also exploring how to extend our offerings to other opportunities, including for people with pre-diabetes, people who are obese, people who are pregnant, and people in the hospital setting. Eventually, we may apply our technological expertise to products beyond glucose monitoring.

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Critical Accounting Estimates

The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our condensed consolidated financial statements, which we have prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements as well as the reported revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

We believe that the estimates, assumptions and judgments involved in the accounting policies described in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, have the greatest potential impact on our financial statements, so we consider them to be our critical accounting policies and estimates. There were no material changes to our critical accounting estimates during the nine months ended September 30, 2025.

Overview of Financial Results

The most important financial indicators that we use to assess our business are revenue, gross profit, operating income, net income, and operating cash flow.
Key Highlights for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2025 include the following:
Revenue Gross Profit Operating Income Net Income Operating Cash Flow
$1.21 billion $731.4 million $242.5 million $283.8 million $659.9 million
up 22% from the same period in 2024 up 23% from the same period in 2024 up 60% from the same period in 2024 up 111% from the same period in 2024 up 231% from the same period in 2024

We ended the third quarter of 2025 with cash, cash equivalents and short-term marketable securities totaling $3.32 billion.

Results of Operations

Financial Overview

Three Months Ended September 30, 2025 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2024

(In millions, except per share amounts)

Three Months Ended September 30, 2025 % of Revenue (1) 2024 % of Revenue (1) 2025 - 2024 $ Change % Change
Revenue $1,209.3 100% $994.2 100% $215.1 22%
Cost of sales 477.9 40% 400.4 40% 77.5 19%
Gross profit 731.4 60.5% 593.8 59.7% 137.6 23%
Operating expenses:
Research and development 157.5 13% 135.4 14% 22.1 16%
Selling, general and administrative 331.4 27% 306.4 31% 25.0 8%
Total operating expenses 488.9 40% 441.8 44% 47.1 11%
Operating income 242.5 20% 152.0 15% 90.5 60%
Other income, net 109.8 9% 25.4 3% 84.4 **
Income before income taxes 352.3 29% 177.4 18% 174.9 99%
Income tax expense 68.5 6% 42.8 4% 25.7 60%
Net income $283.8 23% $134.6 14% $149.2 111%
Basic net income per share $0.73 ** $0.34 ** $0.39 **
Diluted net income per share $0.70 ** $0.34 ** $0.36 **
(1) The sum of the individual percentages may not equal the total due to rounding.
** Not meaningful

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Revenue

We generate our revenue from the sale of disposable sensors and our reusable transmitter and receiver, collectively referred to as Reusable Hardware. We expect that the revenue we generate from the sales of our products will fluctuate from quarter to quarter. We typically experience seasonality, with lower sales in the first quarter of each year compared to the immediately preceding fourth quarter. This seasonal sales pattern relates to U.S. annual insurance deductible resets and unfunded flexible spending accounts.

Cost of sales

Cost of sales includes direct labor and materials costs related to each product sold or produced, including assembly, test labor and scrap, as well as factory overhead supporting our manufacturing operations. Factory overhead includes facilities, material procurement and control, manufacturing engineering, quality assurance, supervision and management. These costs are primarily salary, fringe benefits, share-based compensation, facility expense, supplies and purchased services. All of our manufacturing costs are included in cost of sales. In addition, amortization of certain licensing related intangibles are also included in cost of sales.

Research and development

Our research and development expenses primarily consist of engineering and research expenses related to our sensing technology, clinical trials, regulatory expenses, quality assurance programs, employee compensation, and business process outsourcers.

Selling, general and administrative

Our selling, general and administrative expenses primarily consist of employee compensation for our executive, financial, sales, marketing, information technology and administrative functions. Other significant expenses include commissions, marketing and advertising, IT software license costs, insurance, professional fees for our outside legal counsel and independent auditors, litigation expenses, patent application expenses and consulting expenses.

Other income, net

Other income, net consists primarily of interest and dividend income on our cash, cash equivalents and short-term marketable securities portfolio, foreign currency transaction gains and losses resulting from the effects of foreign currency fluctuations, realized and unrealized gains and losses on marketable and non-marketable equity investments, including changes in fair value, and interest expense related to our senior convertible notes.

Three Months Ended September 30, 2025 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2024

(In millions)

Three Months Ended September 30, 2025 Revenue % of Total 2024 Revenue % of Total 2025 - 2024 Change in Revenue $%
United States $851.9 70% $701.9 71% $150.0 21%
International 357.4 30% 292.3 29% 65.1 22%
Total Revenue $1,209.3 100% $994.2 100% $215.1 22%
Three Months Ended September 30, 2025 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
Revenue The revenue increase was primarily driven by increased sales volume of our disposable sensors due to the continued growth of our worldwide customer base. We added approximately 500,000 - 600,000 net customers, excluding Stelo customers, to our worldwide customer base in 2024. The increase in revenue was offset by pricing headwinds due to rebate eligibility and channel mix. Disposable sensor and other revenue comprised approximately 97% of total revenue and Reusable Hardware revenue comprised approximately 3% of total revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2025. Disposable sensor and other revenue comprised approximately 96% of total revenue and Reusable Hardware revenue comprised approximately 4% of total revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2024.
Cost of sales & Gross profit Cost of sales and gross profit increased primarily due to an increase in sales volume driven by the addition of approximately 500,000 - 600,000 net customers, excluding Stelo customers, to our worldwide customer base in 2024. The increase in gross profit margin percentage in the third quarter of 2025 compared to the third quarter of 2024 was primarily driven by higher manufacturing volumes which improved fixed cost absorption. This benefit was partially offset by inefficiencies associated with ensuring supply availability, build configurations that lowered production yield, and total replacement costs.

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Three Months Ended September 30, 2025 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
Research and development expense Research and development expense increased primarily due to $16.4 million in higher compensation and related costs. We continue to believe that focused investments in research and development are critical to our future growth and competitive position in the marketplace, and to the development of new and updated products and services that are central to our core business strategy.
Selling, general and administrative expense Selling, general and administrative expense increased primarily due to $44.2 million in higher compensation and related costs, partially driven by increased headcount and $10.2 million in incremental investments in advertising and marketing costs, offset by $26.8 million in lower legal expense primarily related to a patent infringement lawsuit that was settled in December 2024.
Other income, net Other income, net, increased primarily due to $82.3 million in higher net gains on equity investments.
Income tax expense The income tax expense recorded for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was primarily attributable to income tax expense from normal, recurring operations and the tax benefit related to the commencement of our Malaysia tax holiday. The income tax expense recorded for the three months ended September 30, 2024 was primarily attributable to income tax expense from normal, recurring operations and discrete impacts of certain foreign tax return filings. The decrease in our effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024 is primarily attributable to a lower annual effective tax rate applied to normal, recurring operations and the tax benefit related to the commencement of our Malaysia tax holiday.

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Results of Operations

Financial Overview

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024

(In millions, except per share amounts)

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 % of Revenue (1) 2024 % of Revenue (1) 2025 - 2024 $ Change % Change
Revenue $3,402.4 100% $2,919.5 100% $482.9 17%
Cost of sales 1,393.2 41% 1,137.1 39% 256.1 23%
Gross profit 2,009.2 59.1% 1,782.4 61.1% 226.8 13%
Operating expenses:
Research and development 450.9 13% 412.9 14% 38.0 9%
Selling, general and administrative 969.5 28% 958.4 33% 11.1 1%
Total operating expenses 1,420.4 42% 1,371.3 47% 49.1 4%
Operating income 588.8 17% 411.1 14% 177.7 43%
Other income, net 158.9 5% 86.6 3% 72.3 83%
Income before income taxes 747.7 22% 497.7 17% 250.0 50%
Income tax expense 178.7 5% 73.2 3% 105.5 **
Net income $569.0 17% $424.5 15% $144.5 34%
Basic net income per share $1.45 ** $1.08 ** $0.37 34%
Diluted net income per share $1.42 ** $1.04 ** $0.38 37%
(1) The sum of the individual percentages may not equal the total due to rounding.
** Not meaningful

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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024

(In millions)

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 Revenue % of Total 2024 Revenue % of Total 2025 - 2024 Change in Revenues $%
United States $2,443.4 72% $2,087.0 71% $356.4 17%
International 959.0 28% 832.5 29% 126.5 15%
Total Revenue $3,402.4 100% $2,919.5 100% $482.9 17%
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
Revenue The revenue increase was primarily driven by increased sales volume of our disposable sensors due to the continued growth of our worldwide customer base. We added approximately 500,000 - 600,000 net customers, excluding Stelo customers, to our worldwide customer base in 2024. The increase in revenue was offset by pricing headwinds due to greater rebate eligibility and channel mix. Disposable sensor and other revenue comprised approximately 97% of total revenue and Reusable Hardware revenue comprised approximately 3% of total revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2025. Disposable sensor and other revenue comprised approximately 94% of total revenue and Reusable Hardware revenue comprised approximately 6% of total revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.
Cost of sales & Gross profit Cost of sales and gross profit increased primarily due to an increase in sales volume driven by the addition of approximately 500,000 - 600,000 net customers, excluding Stelo customers, to our worldwide customer base in 2024. The decrease in gross profit margin percentage in 2025 compared to 2024 was primarily driven by inefficiencies associated with ensuring supply availability, build configurations that lowered production yield, and total replacement costs.

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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
Research and development expense Research and development expense increased primarily due to $37.1 million in higher compensation and related costs, offset by $4.8 million in lower clinical trials, supplies, and other support costs. We continue to believe that focused investments in research and development are critical to our future growth and competitive position in the marketplace, and to the development of new and updated products and services that are central to our core business strategy.
Selling, general and administrative expense Selling, general and administrative expense increased primarily due to $77.7 million in higher compensation and related costs, partially driven by increased headcount, offset by $72.4 million in lower legal expense primarily related to a patent infringement lawsuit that was settled in December 2024.
Other income, net Other income, net, increased primarily due to $79.5 million in higher net gains on equity investments and $8.1 million in higher net foreign currency gains, offset by $15.3 million in lower interest and dividend income on our cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities portfolio. The decrease in interest income was primarily related to a change in market interest rates.
Income tax expense The income tax expense recorded for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was primarily attributable to income tax expense from normal, recurring operations at an estimated annual effective tax rate of 22.5%, increased by discrete shortfalls recognized for share-based compensation for employees, net of nondeductible executive compensation, offset by the tax benefit related to the commencement of our Malaysia tax holiday. The income tax expense recorded for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was primarily attributable to income tax expense from normal, recurring operations at an estimated annual effective tax rate of 23.1%, partially offset by discrete excess tax benefits recognized for share-based compensation for employees, net of nondeductible executive compensation, the Verily milestone payment, and the impacts of certain foreign tax return filings. The increase in our effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024 is primarily attributable to impacts of shortfalls on share-based compensation, a non-recurring benefit related to the Verily milestone payment, offset by the tax benefit related to the commencement of our Malaysia tax holiday.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Overview, Capital Resources, and Capital Requirements

Our principal sources of liquidity are our existing cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, cash generated from operations, proceeds from our senior convertible notes issuances, and access to our Credit Facility. Our primary uses of cash have been for research and development programs, selling and marketing activities, capital expenditures, acquisitions of businesses, and debt service costs.

We expect that cash provided by our operations may fluctuate in future periods as a result of a number of factors, including fluctuations in our operating results, working capital requirements and capital deployment decisions. We have historically invested our cash primarily in U.S. dollar-denominated, investment grade, highly liquid obligations of U.S. government agencies, commercial paper, corporate debt, and money market funds. Certain of these investments are subject to general credit, liquidity and other market risks. The general condition of the financial markets and the economy may increase those risks and may affect the value and liquidity of investments and restrict our ability to access the capital markets.

Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including but not limited to:

The evolution of the international expansion of our business and the revenue generated by sales of our approved products and any future products; Our ability to efficiently scale our operations to meet demand for our current and any future products; The success of our research and development efforts;
The expenses we incur in manufacturing, developing, selling and marketing our products; The costs, timing and risks of delays of additional regulatory approvals; The costs of filing, prosecuting, defending and enforcing any patent claims and other intellectual property rights;
The quality levels of our products and services; The emergence of competing or complementary technological developments; The terms and timing of any collaborative, licensing and other arrangements that we may establish; and
The third-party reimbursement of our products for our customers; The rate of progress and cost of our clinical trials and other development activities; The acquisition of businesses, products and technologies and our ability to integrate and manage any acquired businesses, products and technologies.

We expect that existing cash and short-term investments and cash flows from our future operations will generally be sufficient to fund our ongoing core business. As current borrowing sources become due, we may be required to access the capital markets for additional funding. As we assess inorganic growth strategies, we may need to supplement our internally generated cash flow with outside sources. In the event that we are required to access the debt market, we believe that we will be able to secure reasonable borrowing rates. As part of our liquidity strategy, we will continue to monitor our current level of earnings and cash flow generation as well as our ability to access the market in light of those earning levels.

A substantial portion of our operations are located in the United States, and the majority of our sales since inception have been made in U.S. dollars. As we continue to expand our manufacturing sites in Ireland and Malaysia, we will be subject to additional foreign exchange currency risk primarily related to our long-lived assets. See “Foreign Currency Exchange Risk” in Part II, Item 7A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, for more information.

Main Sources of Liquidity

Cash, cash equivalents and short-term marketable securities

Our cash, cash equivalents and short-term marketable securities totaled $3.32 billion as of September 30, 2025. None of those funds were restricted and $2.96 billion (approximately 89%) of those funds were located in the United States.

Cash flows from Operations

For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, we had positive cash flows of $1.15 billion from operating activities. We anticipate that we will continue to generate positive cash flows from operations for the foreseeable future.

Senior Convertible Notes

We received net proceeds of $1.19 billion in May 2020 from the 2025 Notes offering, and net proceeds of $1.23 billion in May 2023 from the 2028 Notes offering. We used $282.6 million of the net proceeds from the offering of the 2025 Notes to repurchase a portion of our senior convertible notes due in 2022. We used $289.9 million of the net proceeds from the offering of the 2028 Notes to purchase capped call transactions and repurchase shares of our common stock in May 2023. We intend to use the remainder of the net proceeds for general corporate purposes and capital expenditures, including working capital needs. We may also use the net proceeds to expand our current business through in-licensing or acquisitions of, or investments in, other businesses, products or technologies; however, we do not have any significant commitments with respect to any such acquisitions or investments at this time.

In connection with the 2028 Notes offering, we purchased the 2028 Capped Calls. See Note 4 “Debt” to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for more information about our senior convertible notes and the 2028 Capped Calls.

Amended Credit Agreement

As of September 30, 2025, we had no outstanding borrowings, $7.7 million in outstanding letters of credit, and a total available balance of $192.3 million under the Amended Credit Agreement. We monitor counterparty risk associated with the institutional lenders that are providing the Credit Facility. We currently believe that the Credit Facility will be available to us should we choose to borrow under it. Revolving loans will be available for general corporate purposes, including working capital and capital expenditures. See Note 4 “Debt” to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for more information on the Amended Credit Agreement.

Short-term Liquidity Requirements

As of September 30, 2025, our short-term liquidity requirements primarily consist of regular operating costs, interest payments related to our senior convertible notes, the principal payment related to the maturity of our 2025 Notes, capital expenditures for the development of our manufacturing facilities and office spaces, and short-term material cash requirements as described below. As of September 30, 2025, we had a working capital ratio of 1.56 and a quick ratio of 1.33, which indicates that our current assets are sufficient to cover our short-term liabilities. We expect to incur significant capital expenditures for the next year as we continue to invest in equipment and our manufacturing facilities.

As of September 30, 2025, we have $1.21 billion of our outstanding 2025 Notes scheduled to mature on November 15, 2025, all of which will need to be repaid or refinanced, if not converted. We currently intend to repay the outstanding balance of the 2025 Notes in cash upon maturity. See Note 4 “Debt—Senior Convertible Notes” to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for more information on the 2025 Notes and our other senior convertible notes.

We believe that our cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities balances, projected cash contributions from our commercial operations, and borrowings under our Credit Facility will be sufficient to meet our anticipated seasonal working capital needs, all capital expenditure requirements, material cash requirements as described herein, repay the remaining balance of the 2025 Notes, and meet other liquidity requirements associated with our operations for at least the next 12 months. We may continue to use cash to repurchase shares of our common stock, including pursuant to the 2025 Share Repurchase Program, or for other strategic initiatives that strengthen our foundation for long-term growth.

Long-term Liquidity Requirements

Our long-term liquidity requirements primarily consist of interest and principal payments related to our 2028 Notes, capital expenditures for the development of our manufacturing facilities and office spaces, and long-term material cash requirements as described below. As of September 30, 2025, we had a debt-to-assets ratio of 0.33, which indicates that our total assets are more than enough to cover our short-term and long-term debts. As demand grows for our products, we will continue to expand global operations to meet demand through investments in manufacturing and operations. We expect to meet our long-term liquidity requirements from our main sources of liquidity as described above to support our future operations, capital expenditures, acquisitions, and other liquidity requirements associated with our operations beyond the next 12 months.

As of September 30, 2025, we have outstanding senior convertible notes classified as long-term that will mature in May 2028. However, the outstanding principal of our senior convertible notes could be converted into cash and/or shares of our common stock prior to maturity once certain conditions are met. See Note 4 “Debt—Senior Convertible Notes” to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for information on conversion rights prior to maturity.

Material Cash Requirements

From time to time in the ordinary course of business, we enter into a variety of purchase arrangements including but not limited to, purchase arrangements related to capital expenditures, components used in manufacturing, and research and development activities. As of September 30, 2025, there were no material changes to our contractual obligations outside the ordinary course of business.

Our obligations under the 2025 Notes and 2028 Notes include both principal and interest payments. As of September 30, 2025, we have $1.21 billion of our outstanding 2025 Notes scheduled to mature on November 15, 2025, all of which will need to be repaid or refinanced, if not converted. We currently intend to repay the outstanding balance of the 2025 Notes in cash upon maturity.

Prior to the maturity of the 2025 Notes and 2028 Notes in November 2025 and May 2028, respectively, they may be converted into cash and/or shares of our common stock if certain conditions are met. Any conversion prior to maturity may result in repayment of the principal amounts due under the Notes sooner than the scheduled repayment.

As market conditions warrant, we may, from time to time, repurchase our outstanding debt securities or shares of our common stock, including pursuant to the 2025 Share Repurchase Program, in the open market, in privately negotiated transactions, by exchange transaction or otherwise. Such repurchases, if any, will depend on prevailing market conditions, our liquidity and other factors and may be commenced or suspended at any time. The amounts involved and total consideration paid may be material. See Note 7 “Stockholders’ Equity—Share Repurchase Program and Treasury Shares” to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for more information about our 2025 Share Repurchase Program.

See Note 4 “Debt” to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for more information about the terms of the Amended Credit Agreement, our senior convertible notes, and the 2028 Capped Calls.

We are party to various leasing arrangements, primarily for office, manufacturing and warehouse space that expire at various times through December 2030, excluding any renewal options. We also have land leases in Penang, Malaysia that expire in 2082 and Athenry, Ireland that expire in 3023 related to our international manufacturing facilities. We anticipate incurring significant expenditures related to the build-out of our manufacturing facilities and investment in equipment. See Note 6 “Leases and Other Commitments—Leases” to the consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 for more information about our leases. There were no material changes to our lease obligations during the nine months ended September 30, 2025.

Cash Flows

As of September 30, 2025, we had $3.32 billion in cash, cash equivalents and short-term marketable securities, which is an increase of $742.7 million compared to $2.58 billion as of December 31, 2024.

The following table sets forth a summary of our cash flows and the primary changes in cash flows for the periods shown. See the condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the complete condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for these periods.

(In millions)

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 2024 $ Change
Net cash provided by operating activities $1,146.7 $688.1 $458.6
Net cash provided by investing activities 229.4 96.2 133.2
Net cash used in financing activities (164.2) (733.2) 569.0
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash 17.7 3.8 13.9
Increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash $1,229.6 $54.9 $1,174.7
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
Operating Cash Flows $144.5 million increase in net income
$162.1 million increase in net non-cash adjustments primarily due to adjustments to deferred income taxes, partially offset by net (gains) losses on equity investments
$152.0 million increase in net changes in operating assets and liabilities primarily due to the timing of payables and changes in accrued payroll due to lower variable compensation payments, partially offset by the timing of sales and customer collections in accounts receivables
Investing Cash Flows $172.8 million increase in net proceeds from marketable securities due to the management of our liquidity
Financing Cash Flows $562.8 million decrease in cash used to repurchase our common stock

Recent Accounting Guidance

See Note 1 “Organization and Significant Accounting Policies” to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for more information regarding recently issued accounting pronouncements and the potential impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements, if any.

Market risk

As filed, 355 characters, with its headings, lists and tables. Extracted from the main document; charts and exhibits are in the original on sec.gov.

There were no material changes to our quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk during the nine months ended September 30, 2025. See Part II, Item 7A “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, for a detailed discussion of our market risks.

Controls and procedures

As filed, 2,563 characters, with its headings, lists and tables. Extracted from the main document; charts and exhibits are in the original on sec.gov.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Regulations under the Exchange Act require public companies to maintain “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and timely communicated to management, including our President and Chief Operating Officer (our principal executive officer) and Chief Financial Officer (our principal financial officer), recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Our management, with the participation of our President and Chief Operating Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on their evaluation as of September 30, 2025, our President and Chief Operating Officer and our Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable assurance level as of such date.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the most recently completed fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Limitation on Effectiveness of Controls

It should be noted that any system of controls, including ours, however well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, and not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the system are met. The design of any control system is based, in part, upon the benefits of the control system relative to its costs. Control systems can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the control. In addition, over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of these and other inherent limitations of control systems, we cannot guarantee that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions, regardless of how remote.

Risk factors

As filed, 13,187 characters, with its headings, lists and tables. Extracted from the main document; charts and exhibits are in the original on sec.gov.

The following risk factor supplements and, to the extent inconsistent, supersedes, the risk factors disclosed in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on February 18, 2025. Our short and long-term success is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, many of which involve factors that are difficult to predict or beyond our control. Before making a decision to invest in, hold or sell our common stock, in addition to the information and risk factors set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, stockholders and potential stockholders should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. In that case, the value of our common stock could decline and stockholders may lose all or part of their investment.

Furthermore, additional risks and uncertainties of which we are currently unaware, or which we currently consider to be immaterial, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects. Refer to our disclaimer regarding forward-looking statements at the beginning of Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

If we or our suppliers or distributors fail to comply with ongoing regulatory requirements, including responding to the FDA warning letter, or if we have unanticipated problems with our products, the products could be subject to restrictions or withdrawal from the market.

Any product for which we obtain marketing approval, clearance or authorization (and the activities related to its production, distribution, and promotion, sale, and marketing) are subject to continual review and periodic inspections by the FDA and other regulatory bodies, which may include inspection of our manufacturing processes, complaint handling and adverse event reporting, post-approval clinical data and promotional activities for such product. The FDA’s Medical Device Reporting, or MDR, regulations require that we report to the FDA any incident in which our product may have caused or contributed to a death or serious injury, or in which our product malfunctioned and, if the malfunction were to recur, it would likely cause or contribute to a death or serious injury.

If the FDA determines that there is a reasonable probability that a device intended for human use would cause serious, adverse health consequences or death, the agency may issue a cease distribution and notification order and a mandatory recall order. We may also decide to recall a product voluntarily if we find a material deficiency, including unacceptable risks to health, manufacturing defects, design errors, component failures, labeling defects, or other issues. Recalls of our products could divert the attention of our management and have an adverse effect on our reputation, financial condition, and operating results.

We and certain of our suppliers are also required to comply with the FDA’s Quality System Regulation, or QSR, and other regulations which cover the methods and documentation of the design, testing, production, control, selection and oversight of suppliers or contractors, quality assurance, labeling, packaging, storage, complaint handling, shipping and servicing of our products. The FDA may enforce the QSR through announced (through prior notification) or unannounced inspections, such as the inspections described below.

Compliance with ongoing regulatory requirements can be complex, expensive and time-consuming. Failure by us or one of our suppliers or distributors to comply with statutes and regulations administered by the FDA, competent authorities and other regulatory bodies, or failure to take adequate response to any observations, including the warning letter described below, could result in, among other things, any of the following actions:

  • warning letters or untitled letters that require corrective action;
  • delays in approving, or refusal to approve, our CGM systems;
  • fines and civil or criminal penalties;
  • unanticipated expenditures;
  • FDA refusal to issue certificates to international governments needed to export our products for sale in other countries;
  • suspension or withdrawal of clearance or approval by the FDA or other regulatory bodies;
  • product recall or seizure;
  • administrative detention;
  • interruption, partial suspension, or complete shutdown of production;
  • interruption of the supply of components from our key component suppliers;
  • operating restrictions;
  • court consent decrees;
  • FDA orders to repair, replace, or refund the cost of devices;
  • injunctions; and
  • criminal prosecution.

From time to time, the FDA issues Form 483 findings related to our operations and may issue warning letters or take other administrative or enforcement actions for noncompliance with FDA laws and regulations. In March 2025, we received an FDA warning letter following inspections of our facilities in San Diego, California, and Mesa, Arizona. In the warning letter, the FDA cited deficiencies in the response letters sent by us to the FDA following the Form 483, List of Investigational Observations that was delivered to us in connection with the inspection of our San Diego, California facility that occurred from October 2024 through November 2024, and the inspection of our Mesa, Arizona facility that occurred in June 2024. The warning letter describes observed non-conformities in manufacturing processes and our quality management system. We take the matters identified in the warning letter seriously and have already submitted responses to the Form 483 and to the FDA warning letter. While the warning letter does not restrict our ability to produce, market, manufacture or distribute products, require recall of any products, nor restrict our ability to seek FDA 510(k) clearance of new products, we may fail to satisfy these regulatory requirements to the FDA’s satisfaction, and any failure to do so could result in the foregoing occurring.

While we intend to undertake certain corrective actions and provide regular updates to the FDA, we cannot give any assurances that the FDA will be satisfied with our response or as to the date we expect to resolve the matters included in the FDA warning letter. Until the issues cited in the warning letter are resolved to the FDA’s satisfaction, additional legal or regulatory action may be taken without further notice, including as described above.

The potential effect of the warning letter and these other events can in some cases be difficult to quantify and could harm our reputation and cause our product sales and profitability to suffer. In addition, we believe events that could be classified as reportable events pursuant to MDR regulations are generally underreported by physicians and users, and any underlying problems could be of a larger magnitude than suggested by the number or types of MDRs filed by us. Furthermore, our key component suppliers may not currently be or may not continue to be in compliance with applicable regulatory requirements.

If we obtain regulatory approval to market and sell a product, the FDA or a foreign regulatory authority may still impose significant restrictions on the indicated uses or how the product may be marketed, or may contain requirements for costly post-marketing testing or surveillance to monitor the safety or effectiveness of the product. Later discovery of previously unknown problems with our products, including software bugs, unanticipated adverse events or adverse events of unanticipated severity or frequency, manufacturing problems, or failure to comply with regulatory requirements such as the QSR, MDR reporting, or other post-market requirements may result in restrictions on such products or manufacturing processes, withdrawal of the products from the market, voluntary or mandatory recalls (through corrections or removals), fines, suspension of regulatory approvals, product seizures, injunctions, the imposition of civil or criminal penalties, or criminal prosecution. In addition, our distributors have rights to create marketing materials for their sales of our products, and may not adhere to contractual, legal or regulatory limitations that are imposed on their marketing efforts.

We cannot guarantee that the 2025 Share Repurchase Program will be fully consummated or that such program will enhance the long-term value of our share price.

In April 2025, our Board of Directors authorized and approved the 2025 Share Repurchase Program, which provides for the repurchase of up to $750.0 million of our outstanding common stock, with a repurchase period ending no later than June 30, 2026. Repurchases of our common stock under the 2025 Share Repurchase Program may be made from time to time in the open market, in privately negotiated transactions or by other methods, including through the use of trading plans intended to qualify under Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act, at our discretion, and in accordance with the limitations set forth in Rule 10b-18 promulgated under the Exchange Act and other applicable federal and state laws and regulations. The timing of any repurchases will depend on market conditions and will be made at our discretion. The 2025 Share Repurchase Program does not obligate us to repurchase any dollar amount or number of shares of our common stock, and the program may be extended, modified, suspended, or discontinued at any time.

The 2025 Share Repurchase Program could affect the price of our common stock and increase the volatility thereof. Price volatility may cause the average price at which we repurchase our common stock in a given period to exceed the stock’s price at a given point in time. There can be no assurance that the timeframe for repurchases under our 2025 Share Repurchase Program or that any repurchases conducted thereunder will have a positive impact on our stock price or earnings per share. Important factors that could cause us to discontinue or decrease share repurchases under the 2025 Share Repurchase Program include, among others, unfavorable market conditions; the market price of our common stock; the nature of other investment or strategic opportunities presented to us from time to time; our ability to make appropriate, timely, and beneficial decisions as to when, how, and whether to repurchase shares under the 2025 Share Repurchase Program; and the availability of funds necessary to fulfill such repurchases. As of September 30, 2025, we have repurchased 2.4 million shares of our common stock for $187.2 million under the 2025 Share Repurchase Program.

If we experience decreasing prices for our products and we are unable to reduce our expenses, including the per unit cost of producing our products, there may be a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

We have experienced, and anticipate that we will continue to experience, decreasing prices for our products due to pricing pressure from managed care organizations and other third-party payors.

In the United States and other countries, government and private sector access to health care products continues to be a subject of focus, and efforts to reduce health care costs are being made by third-party payors. Most of our customers rely on third-party payors, including government programs and private health insurance plans, to cover the cost of the G6, G7 and Dexcom One. We expect that these continuing cost reduction and containment measures could result in lower prices for these products and lower reimbursement rates, as well as could lead to patients being unable to obtain approval for coverage or payment from these third-party payors resulting in costs being shifted to patients for these products. Additionally, we may experience pricing pressure if our products are increasingly subject to competitive bidding processes, which include substantial costs and managerial time to prepare bids and proposals for contracts that may not be awarded to us or may be split among competitors. For example, in June 2025, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services published a proposed rule that would subject continuous glucose monitors to the competitive bidding process, which could negatively impact our reimbursement and result in price decreases. To the extent these cost containment efforts are not offset by greater patient access to our products, our revenue may be reduced and our business may be harmed.

In addition to decreased pricing, we may be unable to reduce our expenses, including the cost of sourcing materials, logistics and the cost to manufacture our products. If the prices for our products decrease and/or if we are unable to offset the effects of general inflation on our operating costs through increases in the prices for our products, our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows will be adversely affected.

Figures reported in this filing

Standardized line items from the XBRL in this filing, for the period ended 2025-09-30. Comparative periods it repeats are left out.

Figures reported in this filing
Line itemPeriodValueXBRL concept
Revenue3 months2025-07-01 to 2025-09-30$1.21bnus-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax
Revenue9 months2025-01-01 to 2025-09-30$3.40bnus-gaap:RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax
Cost of revenue3 months2025-07-01 to 2025-09-30$477.9mus-gaap:CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold
Cost of revenue9 months2025-01-01 to 2025-09-30$1.39bnus-gaap:CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold
Gross profit3 months2025-07-01 to 2025-09-30$731.4mus-gaap:GrossProfit
Gross profit9 months2025-01-01 to 2025-09-30$2.01bnus-gaap:GrossProfit
Research and development3 months2025-07-01 to 2025-09-30$157.5mus-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense
Research and development9 months2025-01-01 to 2025-09-30$450.9mus-gaap:ResearchAndDevelopmentExpense
Selling, general and administrative3 months2025-07-01 to 2025-09-30$331.4mus-gaap:SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense
Selling, general and administrative9 months2025-01-01 to 2025-09-30$969.5mus-gaap:SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense
Operating income3 months2025-07-01 to 2025-09-30$242.5mus-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss
Operating income9 months2025-01-01 to 2025-09-30$588.8mus-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss
Interest expense3 months2025-07-01 to 2025-09-30$4.7mus-gaap:InterestExpenseNonoperating
Interest expense9 months2025-01-01 to 2025-09-30$14.1mus-gaap:InterestExpenseNonoperating
Income tax3 months2025-07-01 to 2025-09-30$68.5mus-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit
Income tax9 months2025-01-01 to 2025-09-30$178.7mus-gaap:IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit
Net income3 months2025-07-01 to 2025-09-30$283.8mus-gaap:NetIncomeLoss
Net income9 months2025-01-01 to 2025-09-30$569.0mus-gaap:NetIncomeLoss
Diluted EPS3 months2025-07-01 to 2025-09-30$0.70us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted
Diluted EPS9 months2025-01-01 to 2025-09-30$1.42us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted
Basic EPS3 months2025-07-01 to 2025-09-30$0.73us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic
Basic EPS9 months2025-01-01 to 2025-09-30$1.45us-gaap:EarningsPerShareBasic
Diluted shares (weighted)3 months2025-07-01 to 2025-09-30407,400,000 sharesus-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding
Diluted shares (weighted)9 months2025-01-01 to 2025-09-30407,700,000 sharesus-gaap:WeightedAverageNumberOfDilutedSharesOutstanding
Operating cash flow9 months2025-01-01 to 2025-09-30$1.15bnus-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities
Capital expenditure9 months2025-01-01 to 2025-09-30$261.6mus-gaap:PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment
Share repurchases9 months2025-01-01 to 2025-09-30$187.2mus-gaap:PaymentsForRepurchaseOfCommonStock
Cash and equivalentsAt period end2025-09-30$1.84bnus-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue
Current assetsAt period end2025-09-30$5.22bnus-gaap:AssetsCurrent
Total assetsAt period end2025-09-30$7.50bnus-gaap:Assets
Current liabilitiesAt period end2025-09-30$3.34bnus-gaap:LiabilitiesCurrent
Total liabilitiesAt period end2025-09-30$4.77bnus-gaap:Liabilities
Shareholders' equityAt period end2025-09-30$2.73bnus-gaap:StockholdersEquity

Source: SEC EDGAR, the filing index for accession 0001093557-25-000280. Last ingested by Listed: Nov 3, 2026, 21:24 ET. Listed shows no prices and gives no investment advice.