Charles River Laboratories International, Inc.: Form 10-Q for the period ended Mar 28, 2026

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025 as filed with the SEC on February 18, 2026. The following discussion contains forward-looking statements. Actual results may differ significantly from those projected in the forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause future results to differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, those discussed in Item 1A, “Risk Factors” included elsewhere within this Form 10-Q. Certain percentage changes may not recalculate due to rounding.

Overview

We are a leading, full service, non-clinical global drug development partner. For over 75 years, we have been in the business of providing the research models required in the research and development of new drugs, devices, and therapies. Over this time, we have built upon our original core competency of laboratory animal medicine and science (research model technologies) to develop a diverse portfolio of discovery and safety assessment services, both Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) and non-GLP, that supports our clients from target identification through non-clinical development. We also provide a suite of products and services to support our clients’ manufacturing activities. Utilizing our broad portfolio of products and services enables our clients to create a more efficient and flexible drug development model, which reduces their costs, enhances their productivity and effectiveness, and increases speed to market.

Our client base includes major global pharmaceutical companies, many biotechnology companies; agricultural and industrial chemical, life science, veterinary medicine, medical device, diagnostic and consumer product companies; contract research and contract manufacturing organizations; and other commercial entities, as well as leading hospitals, academic institutions, and government agencies around the world.

Segment Reporting

Our three reportable segments are Research Models and Services (RMS), Discovery and Safety Assessment (DSA), and Manufacturing Solutions (Manufacturing).

Our RMS reportable segment includes the products and services offered within Research Models, Research Model Services, and Cell Solutions. Research Models includes the commercial production and sale of small research models, as well as the supply of large research models. Research Model Services includes: Insourcing Solutions (IS), which provides colony management of our clients’ research operations (including recruitment, training, staffing, and management services) within our clients’ facilities as well as our own vivarium space, utilizing our Charles River Accelerator and Development Lab (CRADL™) offerings, Genetically Engineered Models and Services (GEMS), which performs contract breeding and other services associated with genetically engineered models; and Research Animal Diagnostic Services (RADS), which provides health monitoring and diagnostics services related to research models; and Cell Solutions which provides controlled, consistent, customized primary cells and blood components derived from normal and mobilized peripheral blood and bone marrow as well as cells from disease state donors.

Our DSA segment is comprised of Discovery and Safety Assessment services. We provide regulated and non-regulated DSA services to support the discovery, development, and regulatory-required safety testing of potential new drugs, including in vitro (non-animal) and in vivo (in research models) studies, laboratory support services, including bioanalytical and strategic non-clinical consulting and program management to support product development.

Our Manufacturing reportable segment includes Microbial Solutions, which provides in vitro lot-release testing products, microbial detection products, and species identification services and Biologics Solutions (Biologics), which performs specialized testing of biologics (Biologics Testing Solutions) as well as contract development and manufacturing products and services (CDMO).

Fiscal Quarters

Our fiscal year is typically based on 52-weeks, with each quarter composed of 13 weeks ending on the last Saturday on, or closest to, March 31, June 30, September 30, and December 31. A 53rd week in the fourth quarter of the fiscal year is occasionally necessary to align with a December 31 calendar year-end.

Global Market Environment

We are continuing to see a cautious spending environment from our client base, principally within our DSA segment as the challenging demand environment experienced in the recent prior quarters has persisted. As we continue to navigate these challenges in the current macroeconomic environment, DSA backlog held consistent at $1.9 billion as of March 28, 2026 and December 27, 2025, respectively.

In response to recent trends, we continue to implement cost savings initiatives focused on driving greater efficiencies, as well as restructuring actions that have been implemented over the past three years that were focused on workforce right-sizing and site optimization. More recently, efficiency initiatives have targeted incremental savings through process improvements, procurement synergies, and implementation of a global business services model. Collectively, these actions are expected to generate approximately $300 million in cumulative, annualized cost savings by the end of 2026, of which more than $175 million benefitted fiscal year 2025. Workforce right-sizing actions resulted in severance and transition costs while costs related to the consolidation of facilities to optimize our global footprint and drive greater operating efficiency across the company resulted in asset impairments, accelerated depreciation, and other site consolidation charges. We incurred restructuring charges of $31.6 million during the three months ended March 28, 2026, and $99.8 million and $107.0 million during the fiscal years 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Recent Acquisitions

We make strategic acquisitions designed to expand our portfolio of products and services to support the drug discovery and development continuum. We maintain an acquisition strategy that focuses on augmenting internal growth of existing businesses with complementary acquisitions. Our recent transactions are described below.

On April 17, 2026, we completed the acquisition of an additional 79% equity interest in PathoQuest SAS (PathoQuest), a France-based biotechnology company that provides viral and microbial safety testing services using next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics to support biopharmaceutical product development and manufacturing, resulting in a 100% controlling interest. The preliminary purchase price for PathoQuest was €51.6 million (or approximately $60.0 million based on current exchange rates), subject to customary closing adjustments. This business will be reported as part of our Manufacturing reportable segment.

On January 14, 2026, we completed the acquisition of certain assets of K.F. Cambodia Ltd (Cambodian NHP Supplier), a leading supplier of non-human primates (NHPs) located in Cambodia. The preliminary purchase price for the Cambodian NHP Supplier was $507.3 million, consisting of $335.0 million paid at closing and $172.3 million representing the acquisition date fair value of deferred consideration, which is payable upon the satisfaction of certain post-close conditions. This business is reported as part of our DSA reportable segment for NHPs vertically integrated into the DSA supply chain and the RMS reportable segment for those NHPs sold to third party customers.

Recent Divestitures

The Company routinely evaluates the strategic fit and fundamental performance of its global businesses, divesting operations that do not meet key business criteria. As part of this ongoing assessment, the Company determined that certain capital could be better deployed in other long-term growth opportunities.

On February 25, 2026, we signed an agreement to sell certain European Discovery Services businesses (European Discovery Divestiture) to IQVIA Inc. (IQVIA) for $145.0 million in cash, subject to certain customary closing conditions, and future contingent payments up to $10.0 million based on future performance. The proposed transaction is expected to close in the second quarter of fiscal year 2026.

On May 6, 2026, we completed the sale of our CDMO and Cell solutions businesses (CDMO and Cell Solutions Divestiture) to GI Partners (GI) for future contingent performance-based payments up to $50.0 million, subject to certain customary closing adjustments. Additionally, we may be required to fund up to $45.0 million of future EBITDA losses and capital expenditures of the divested businesses over a four year period. During the three months ended March 28, 2026, we recognized a pre-tax loss of $118.0 million, which represents the excess carrying value over the fair value less cost to sell. The loss is recognized within Other (expense) income within the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income (loss). We will complete our analysis related to the transaction, including determining the final loss on sale, which will be recognized in the second quarter of fiscal year 2026.

In March 2026, we completed the sale of certain assets located at our Wilmington, Massachusetts site. The assets consisted of office, laboratory and mixed-use buildings within our RMS segment and unallocated corporate, and was sold to an unrelated third party for cash consideration of $60.1 million, net of costs to sell. In conjunction with the sale, we entered into a long-term operating lease for certain buildings to support RMS and unallocated corporate operations. Upon meeting the criteria for sale leaseback, we derecognized the book value of $21.6 million and recognized a pre-tax gain of approximately $38.5 million. The gain was recognized within our RMS reportable segment and unallocated corporate for $23.2 million and $15.3 million, respectively, and is included in Selling, general and administrative expenses within the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income (loss).

Results of Operations

Consolidated Results of Operations and Liquidity

Revenue for three months ended March 28, 2026 increased $11.7 million, or 1.2%, to $995.8 million compared to $984.2 million in the corresponding period in 2025, primarily due to an increase in Manufacturing revenue, driven by our Microbial Solutions business, and to a lesser extent DSA revenue; partially offset by a decrease in RMS revenue, due to decreased large and small model product revenue.

For the three months ended March 28, 2026, our operating income and operating income as a percentage of revenue were $119.9 million and 12.0% respectively, compared to $74.7 million and 7.6% respectively, in the corresponding period of 2025. The increases in operating income and operating income as a percentage of revenue for the three months ended March 28, 2026 were primarily driven by the gain on sale of certain assets at our Wilmington, Massachusetts site, the absence of accelerated amortization expense, certain third-party legal costs incurred in fiscal year 2025, and the increase in revenue described above; partially offset by higher acquisition, integration and divestiture costs, when compared to the corresponding period in 2025.

Net loss attributable to Charles River Laboratories International, Inc., common shareholders was $14.8 million in the three months ended March 28, 2026, compared to Net income attributable to Charles River Laboratories International Inc, common shareholders of $25.5 million in the corresponding period of 2025. The decrease of $40.3 million for the three months ended March 28, 2026 was due principally to the loss on assets held for sale related to the CDMO and Cell Solutions Divestiture of $118.0 million, partially offset by the increase in operating income described above, compared to the corresponding period in 2025.

During the three months ended March 28, 2026, our cash flows from operations were $41.1 million compared with $171.7 million for the same period in 2025. The decrease was primarily related to higher payments of variable compensation, specifically annual incentive based bonuses paid during the first quarter.

Three Months Ended March 28, 2026 Compared to Three Months Ended March 29, 2025

Revenue and Operating Income

The following tables present consolidated revenue by type and by reportable segment:

(in thousands, except percentages)

(in thousands, except percentages)

The following table presents operating income by reportable segment:

(in thousands, except percentages)

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The following presents and discusses our consolidated financial results by each of our reportable segments:

RMS

(in thousands, except percentages)

RMS revenue decreased $4.7 million primarily driven by decreases in large research model product revenue, and small model product revenue in North America, and to a lesser extent Cell Supply product revenue and GEMS service revenue; partially offset by increased revenue for small research models in China and the effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates.

RMS operating income increased $6.2 million compared to the corresponding period in 2025. RMS operating income as a percentage of revenue for the three months ended March 28, 2026 was 23.9%, an increase of 340 bps from 20.5% for the corresponding period in 2025. Operating income and operating income as a percentage of revenue increased primarily due to lower site consolidation charges and the gain on sale of certain assets at our Wilmington, Massachusetts site recognized within Selling, general and administrative expenses; partially offset by an increase in asset impairments recognized within Cost of revenue, and the lower revenue described above, compared to the corresponding period in 2025.

DSA

(in thousands, except percentages)

DSA revenue increased $4.3 million primarily due to effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates, partially offset by lower volume principally driven by previous site consolidation activities.

DSA operating income increased $9.9 million compared to the corresponding period in 2025. DSA operating income as a percentage of revenue for the three months ended March 28, 2026 was 17.4%, an increase of 150 bps from 15.9% for the corresponding period in 2025. Operating income and operating income as a percentage of revenue increased primarily due to the absence of certain third-party legal costs in fiscal year 2025 associated with the investigations by the U.S. government into the non-human primate supply chain, lower restructuring activities, including asset impairments recognized within Cost of revenue, as compared to the corresponding period in 2025.

Manufacturing

(in thousands, except percentages)

Manufacturing revenue increased $12.1 million primarily due to increased revenue in our Microbial Solutions business driven by higher endotoxin product revenue and the effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates; partially offset by decreased demand for CDMO services.

Manufacturing operating income increased $55.5 million compared to the corresponding period in 2025. Manufacturing operating income as a percentage of revenue for the three months ended March 28, 2026 was 24.6%, an increase of 2,940 bps from (4.8)% for the corresponding period in 2025. Operating income and operating income as a percentage of revenue increased primarily due to lower amortization expense within the CDMO business principally due to the absence of accelerated amortization expense as a result of a decrease in the remaining useful life of certain client relationships due to a loss of key customers in fiscal year 2025, and due to the increased revenue described above, compared to the corresponding period in 2025.

Unallocated Corporate

(in thousands, except percentages)

Unallocated corporate costs consist of selling, general and administrative expenses that are not directly related or allocated to the reportable segments. The increase in unallocated corporate costs of $26.3 million, or 48.5%, compared to the corresponding period in 2025 is primarily due to higher acquisition, integration and divestiture costs primarily associated with our previously discussed activities, increased stock-based compensation expense related to our recently announced transition of executives, higher professional services fees related to enterprise-wide efficiency initiatives; partially offset by the gain on sale of certain assets at our Wilmington, Massachusetts site. Costs as a percentage of revenue for the three months ended March 28, 2026 were 8.1%, an increase of 260 bps from 5.5% for the corresponding period in 2025.

Other Income (Expense)

(in thousands, except percentages)

Interest income for the three months ended March 28, 2026 was $1.0 million, a decrease of $0.4 million, or 26.4%, driven primarily from lower interest earning asset balances.

Interest expense for the three months ended March 28, 2026 was $26.7 million, a decrease of $1.1 million, or 4.1%, compared to $27.9 million in the corresponding period in 2025 due primarily to lower average interest rates on our debt balances within our revolving credit facility.

Other expense, net for the three months ended March 28, 2026 was $124.1 million compared to $12.2 million for the corresponding period in 2025 due principally to the loss on assets held for sale of $118.0 million in connection with the CDMO and Cell Solutions Divestiture and venture capital and strategic equity investment losses and impairments of $1.1 million as compared to $10.4 million in 2025.

Income Taxes

(in thousands, except percentages)

Income tax benefit for the three months ended March 28, 2026 was $15.1 million, compared to income tax expense of $10.1 million for the corresponding period in 2025. Our effective tax rate was 50.6% for the three months ended March 28, 2026 compared to 28.1% for the corresponding period in 2025. The difference in our effective tax rate in the three months ended March 28, 2026 compared to the corresponding period in 2025 was primarily attributable to the tax effects of the $118.0 million loss on assets held for sale in connection with the CDMO and Cell Solutions Divestiture, as well accrued interest relating to acquired uncertain tax positions during the three months ended March 28, 2026.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity and Cash Flows

In general we require cash to fund our working capital needs, capital expansion, acquisitions, debt payments, lease payments, venture capital and strategic equity investments, restructuring initiatives, and pension obligations. Our principal sources of liquidity have been our cash flows from operations supplemented by long-term borrowings. Based on our current business plan, we believe that our existing funds, when combined with cash generated from operations and our access to financing resources, are sufficient to fund our operations for the foreseeable future.

The following table presents our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments:

(in thousands)

The following table presents our net cash provided by operating activities:

(in thousands)

Net cash provided by operating activities represents the cash receipts and disbursements related to all of our activities other than investing and financing activities. Operating cash flow is derived by adjusting our net income for (1) non-cash operating items such as depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation, goodwill impairment, debt financing costs, deferred income taxes, write downs of inventories, provisions of credit losses, long-lived asset impairment changes, gains and/or losses on venture capital and strategic equity investments, gains and/or losses on divestitures, changes in fair value of contingent consideration, as well as (2) changes in operating assets and liabilities, which reflect timing differences between the receipt and payment of cash associated with transactions and when they are recognized in our results of operations.

During the three months ended March 28, 2026, our cash flows from operations were $41.1 million compared with $171.7 million for the same period in 2025. The decrease was primarily related to higher payments of variable compensation, specifically annual incentive based bonuses paid during the first quarter.

The following table presents our net cash used in investing activities:

(in thousands)

Investing activities primarily consist of cash used to fund capital expenditures to support the growth of our business, purchases and sales of investments related to our venture capital and strategic equity investment portfolios, and asset and business acquisitions, periodically offset by cash from divestitures.

For the three months ended March 28, 2026, cash used in investing activities was primarily driven by the acquisition of the Cambodian NHP Supplier coupled with capital expenditures partially offset by proceeds from the sale of certain assets at our Wilmington, Massachusetts site.

For the three months ended March 29, 2025, cash used in investing activities was primarily driven by capital expenditures partially offset by proceeds from divestitures of certain site and business assets.

The following table presents our net cash provided by financing activities:

(in thousands)

Financing activities primarily consist of the proceeds and repayments of debt and certain equity related transactions including treasury stock purchases and employee stock option exercises.

For the three months ended March 28, 2026, net cash provided by financing activities was primarily driven by the following activity:

• Net proceeds of $557.7 million from our Credit Facility
• Treasury stock purchases of $200.0 million associated with our stock repurchase program and $8.3 million due to the netting of common stock upon vesting of stock-based awards in order to satisfy individual statutory tax withholding requirements

For the three months ended March 29, 2025, net cash used in financing activities was primarily driven by the following activity:

• Net proceeds of $267.5 million from our Credit Facility
• Treasury stock purchases of $350.0 million associated with our stock repurchase program and $3.1 million due to the netting of common stock upon vesting of stock-based awards in order to satisfy individual statutory tax withholding requirements
• Payment of $19.1 million for the remaining 8% equity interest in an other redeemable noncontrolling interest

Financing and Market Risk

We are exposed to market risk from changes in interest rates and currency exchange rates, which could affect our future results of operations and financial condition. We manage our exposure to these risks through our regular operating and financing activities.

Amounts outstanding under our Credit Facility and our Senior Notes were as follows:

(in thousands)

The Credit Facility provides for up to $2.0 billion of multi-currency revolving credit and has a maturity date of December 2029, with no required scheduled payment before that date. The interest rates applicable to the revolving facility are equal to (A) for revolving loans denominated in U.S. dollars, at our option, either the base rate (which is the higher of (1) the prime rate, (2) the federal funds rate plus 0.50%, or (3) the one-month adjusted SOFR rate plus 1.0%) or the adjusted SOFR rate, (B) for revolving loans denominated in euros, the adjusted EURIBOR rate and (C) for revolving loans denominated in sterling, the daily simple SONIA rate, in each case, plus an interest rate margin based upon our leverage ratio.

Our off-balance sheet commitments related to our outstanding letters of credit as of March 28, 2026 and December 27, 2025 were $22.0 million.

Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk

We operate on a global basis and have exposure to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations for our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.

While the financial results of our global activities are reported in U.S. dollars, our foreign subsidiaries typically conduct their operations in their respective local currency. The principal functional currencies of our foreign subsidiaries are the Euro, British Pound, and Canadian Dollar. During the three months ended March 28, 2026, the most significant drivers of foreign currency translation adjustment we recorded as part of Other comprehensive income (loss) were the British Pound, Canadian Dollar, Mauritian Rupee, Euro, Chinese Yuan, and Hungarian Forint.

Fluctuations in the foreign currency exchange rates of the countries in which we do business will affect our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. As the U.S. dollar strengthens against other currencies, the value of our non-U.S. revenue, expenses, assets, liabilities, and cash flows will generally decline when reported in U.S. dollars. The impact to net income (loss) as a result of a U.S. dollar strengthening will be partially mitigated by the value of non-U.S. expenses, which will decline when reported in U.S. dollars. As the U.S. dollar weakens versus other currencies, the value of the non-U.S. revenue, expenses, assets, liabilities, and cash flows will generally increase when reported in U.S. dollars. For the three months ended March 28, 2026, our revenue would have decreased by $45.2 million, and our operating income would have decreased by $12.0 million, if the U.S. dollar exchange rate had strengthened by 10%, with all other variables held constant.

We attempt to minimize this exposure by using certain financial instruments in accordance with our overall risk management and our hedge policy. We do not enter into speculative derivative agreements.

Repurchases of Common Stock

On October 29, 2025, our Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase program of $1.0 billion. During the three months ended March 28, 2026, we repurchased 1.1 million shares of common stock for $200.0 million under the stock repurchase program. As of March 28, 2026, we had $800.0 million remaining on the authorized $1.0 billion stock repurchase program.

Additionally, our stock-based compensation plans permit the netting of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock, restricted stock units, and performance share units in order to satisfy individual statutory tax withholding requirements. During the three months ended March 28, 2026, we acquired less than 0.1 million shares for $8.3 million through such netting.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based upon our consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make certain estimates and assumptions that may affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reported periods, and the related disclosures. These estimates and assumptions are monitored and analyzed by us for changes in facts and circumstances, and material changes in these estimates could occur in the future. We base our estimates on our historical experience, trends in the industry, and various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from our estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

We believe that the application of our accounting policies, each of which require significant judgments and estimates on the part of management, are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our reported financial results. Our significant accounting policies are more fully described in Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025 as filed with the SEC on February 18, 2026. There have been no changes in the Company’s critical accounting policies during the three months ended March 28, 2026.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

For a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements please refer to Note 1, “Basis of Presentation,” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Other than as discussed in Note 1, “Basis of Presentation,” we did not adopt any other new accounting pronouncements during the three months ended March 28, 2026 that had a significant effect on our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

The Company’s exposure to market risk from changes in interest rates and currency exchange rates has not changed materially from its exposure discussed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 27, 2025 as filed with the SEC on February 18, 2026. Our interest rate and currency exchange rate risks are fully described in Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and Capital Resources” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025 and in Item 2, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and Capital Resources” herein.

(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Based on their evaluation, required by paragraph (b) of Rules 13a-15 or 15d-15, promulgated by the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act), the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act, are effective, at a reasonable assurance level, as of March 28, 2026, to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply judgment in evaluating the benefits of our controls and procedures relative to their costs.

(b) Changes in Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting

There were no material changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by paragraph (d) of the Exchange Act Rules 13a-15 or 15d-15 that occurred during the quarter ended March 28, 2026 that materially affected, or were reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025, which could materially affect our business, financial condition, and/or future results. The risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K are not the only risks we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, and/or operating results. There have been no material changes to the risk factors set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025 as filed with the SEC on February 18, 2026, except as disclosed below.

We have in the past experienced and in the future could experience unauthorized access into our information systems.

We operate large and complex information systems that contain significant amounts of client data. As a routine element of our business, we collect, analyze and retain substantial amounts of data pertaining to the non-clinical studies we conduct for our clients. Unauthorized third parties could attempt to gain entry to such information systems to steal data or disrupt the systems or for financial gain. Like other companies, we have on occasion experienced, and will continue to experience, threats and incursions to our data and systems, including malicious software and viruses, phishing, business email compromise and social engineering attacks, network intrusions, or other cyber-attacks. The number and complexity of these threats continue to increase over time. These threats also may be further enhanced in frequency or effectiveness through threat actors’ use of artificial intelligence technologies, which are becoming more widely adopted and increasingly sophisticated.

In response to past cybersecurity incidents, we have implemented additional security safeguards and continually work to enhance existing safeguards; however, such efforts may not be successful, in which case we could suffer significant harm.

We are at risk of being targeted, and we have in the past been victim to, business email compromise fraud, which results in payments being made to illegitimate bank accounts. Although these instances have not resulted in our incurring material losses, if similar instances occur in the future, we may incur such losses.

We have recently become aware of unauthorized access to certain information systems of the Company. The incident involved a social engineering attack in which a threat actor impersonated a trusted party and obtained employee access credentials from a small number of employees. We identified the incident and immediately activated our cyber incident response plan to contain the intrusion, assess and investigate the incident and implement remedial measures. Based on the information reviewed to date, we believe the unauthorized activity has been contained and did not result in any material disruption to our information systems. We are currently in the process of ascertaining what, if any, information was exfiltrated, including whether there was any compromise of sensitive and/or personal identifiable information contained within the accessed information systems. As of the date hereof, the Company believes that this cybersecurity incident has not had a material impact on the Company’s financial systems, operations or financial condition due in part to the Company’s previously implemented security safeguards.

As a result of this or any cybersecurity incident, we may be subject to business disruptions or governmental investigations, private litigation or other claims, which could result in fines, other monetary relief, or injunctive relief that could materially increase our data security costs, adversely impact how we operate our systems and collect and use personal information. If, as a result of any such governmental investigation, other investigation or claim, we are found to be in violation of applicable laws and regulations including, without limitation, any applicable data privacy and information security laws or regulations, we could be subject to legal risk, including governmental enforcement action and civil litigation, which could adversely affect our business, reputation, financial condition or results of operations. Defending any such litigation claim or enforcement action, regardless of merit, and whether successful or unsuccessful, and cooperating with regulatory investigations, could be expensive and time-consuming and adversely affect our business, reputation, results of operations or financial condition. In addition, we may be adversely impacted by reputational harm or a loss of confidence in the security and integrity of our information systems among customers, employees and business partners. There can be no assurance, however, that this cybersecurity incident or any future cybersecurity incidents will not have a material impact on the Company’s future operations, financial systems or financial condition.

We leverage software and hardware solutions from technology and services providers, including software-as-a-service and public cloud infrastructure, who have been subject to cybersecurity incidents in the past and may have incidents or breaches in the future. As of the date of this filing, to our knowledge, no prior cybersecurity incident or breach at a third party has had a material impact on our business. However, future incidents or breaches could cause us to suffer significant harm.

Our contracts with our clients typically contain provisions that require us to keep confidential the information generated from the studies we conduct. In the event the confidentiality of such information is compromised, whether by unauthorized access or other breaches, we could be exposed to significant harm, including termination of customer contracts, damage to our customer relationships, damage to our reputation and potential legal claims from customers, employees and other parties. In addition, we may face investigations by government regulators and agencies as a result of a breach.

Additionally, the rapid ongoing evolution and increased adoption of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and machine learning may make it more difficult to anticipate and implement protective measures to recognize, detect, and prevent the occurrence of any of the cyber events described above.

For information regarding our processes and practices related to information and cybersecurity, please see our Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025 as filed with the SEC on February 18, 2026, specifically Section 1C “Cybersecurity”.