PC Connection Inc: Form 10-Q for the period ended Sep 30, 2025

CAUTIONARY NOTE CONCERNING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Forward-looking statements generally relate to future events or our future financial or operating performance and include statements concerning, among other things, our future financial results, business plans (including statements regarding new products and services we may offer and future expenditures, costs and investments), liabilities, impairment charges, competition, and the expected impact of current macroeconomic conditions on our businesses and results of operations. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements because they contain words such as “may,” “will,” “would,” “should,” “expects,” “plans,” “could,” “intends,” “target,” “projects,” “believes,” “estimates,” “anticipates,” “potential” or “continue” or the negative of these words or other similar terms or expressions that concern our expectations, strategy, plans or intentions. These statements reflect our current views and are based on assumptions as of the date of this report. Such assumptions are based upon internal estimates and other analyses of current market conditions and trends, management expectations, plans, and strategies, economic conditions, and other factors. These statements are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from expectations or results projected or implied by forward-looking statements.

Such differences may result from actions taken by us, including expense reduction or strategic initiatives (including reductions in force, capital investments and new or expanded product offerings or services), the execution of our business plans (including our inventory management, cost structure and management and other personnel decisions) or other business decisions, as well as from developments beyond our control, including:

• macroeconomic factors facing the global economy, including disruptions in or increased volatility of the capital markets, changes in trade policy, which may include the imposition of tariffs or other trade barriers, economic sanctions and economic slowdowns or recessions, government shutdowns, changes in tax policy, rising inflation and changing interest rates modifying our potential for investment income and the timing or reducing the level of investment our customers are willing to make in IT products;
• substantial competition reducing our market share;
• significant price competition reducing our profit margins;
• the loss of any of our major vendors adversely affecting the number or type of products we may offer;
• virtualization of information technology, or IT, resources and applications, including networks, servers, applications, and data storage disrupting or altering our traditional distribution models;
• service interruptions at third-party shippers negatively impacting our ability to deliver the products we offer to our customers;
• increases in shipping and postage costs reducing our margins and adversely affecting our results of operations;
• loss of key persons or the inability to attract, train and retain qualified personnel adversely affecting our ability to operate our business; and
• cyberattacks or the failure to safeguard personal information and our IT systems resulting in liability and harm to our reputation.

Additional factors include those described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, including under the captions “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and “Business,” in our subsequent quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, including under the caption “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and in the other subsequent filings we make with the Securities and Exchange Commission from time to time.

A forward-looking statement is neither a prediction nor a guarantee of future events or circumstances. You should not place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements. We assume no obligation to update any of these forward-looking statements, or to update the reasons actual results could differ materially from those anticipated, to reflect circumstances or events that occur after the statements are made except as required by law.

Unless the context otherwise requires, we use the terms “Connection”, the “Company”, “we”, “us”, and “our” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to refer to PC Connection, Inc. and its subsidiaries.

OVERVIEW

We are a Fortune 1000 Global Solutions Provider that simplifies the IT customer experience, guiding the connection between people and technology. Our dedicated account managers partner with customers to design, deploy, and support cutting-edge IT environments using the latest hardware, software, and services. We provide a wide range of IT solutions, from the desktop to the cloud—including computer systems, data center solutions, software and peripheral equipment, networking communications, and other products and accessories that we purchase from manufacturers, distributors, and other suppliers. Our Technology Solutions Organization, or TSO, and state-of-the-art Technology Integration and Distribution Center with ISO 9001:2015 certified technical configuration lab offer end-to-end services related to the design, configuration, and implementation of IT solutions. Our team also provides a comprehensive portfolio of managed services and professional services. These services are performed by our personnel and by third-party providers. Our GlobalServe offering ensures worldwide coverage for our multinational customers, delivering global procurement solutions through our network of in-country suppliers in over 150 countries.

The “Connection®” brand includes Connection Enterprise Solutions, Connection Business Solutions, and Connection Public Sector Solutions, which provide IT solutions and services to enterprise, small- to medium-sized businesses, and public sector markets.

Financial results for each of our segments are included in the financial statements attached hereto. We generate sales through (i) outbound inside sales and field sales contacts by sales representatives focused on the business, educational, healthcare, retail, manufacturing, and government markets, (ii) our websites, and (iii) direct responses from customers responding to our advertising media. We offer a broad selection of over 460,000 products at competitive prices, including products from vendors like Apple, Cisco, Dell Inc., Hewlett-Packard Inc., Hewlett-Packard Enterprise, Intel, Lenovo, Microsoft Corporation, and VMware, and we partner with more than 2,500 suppliers. We are able to leverage our state-of-the art logistic capabilities to rapidly ship product to customers.

As a value-added reseller in the IT supply chain, we do not manufacture IT hardware or software products. We are dependent on our suppliers—manufacturers and distributors that historically have only sold to resellers rather than directly to end users. However, certain manufacturers have, on multiple occasions, sold or attempted to sell directly to our customers, and in some cases, have restricted our ability to sell their products directly to certain customers, thereby attempting to and, in some cases successfully, eliminate our role. We believe that the success of these direct sales efforts by manufacturers will depend on their ability to meet our customers’ ongoing demands and provide solutions to meet their needs. We believe more of our customers are seeking out comprehensive and integrated IT solutions, rather than the ability to acquire specific IT products on a one-off basis. Our advantage is our ability to be product-neutral and provide a broader combination of products, services, and advice tailored to our customers’ individual needs. By providing customers with customized solutions from a variety of manufacturers, we believe we can mitigate the negative impact of continued direct sales initiatives from individual manufacturers. Through the formation of our TSO, we are able to provide customers complete IT solutions, from identifying their needs, to designing, developing, and managing the integration of products and services to implement their IT projects. Such service offerings carry higher margins than traditional product sales. Additionally, the technical certifications of our service engineers permit us to offer higher-end, more complex products that generally carry higher gross margins. We expect these service offerings and technical certifications to continue to play a role in sales generation and gross margin improvements in this competitive environment.

The primary challenges we continue to face in effectively managing our business are (1) increasing our product and service revenues while at the same time improving our gross margin in all three segments, (2) recruiting, retaining, and improving the productivity of our sales and technical support personnel, and (3) effectively controlling our selling, general and administrative, or SG&A, expenses while making major investments in our IT systems and solution selling personnel, especially in relation to changing revenue levels.

To support future growth, we have invested and expect to continue to invest in our IT solutions business, which requires the addition of highly skilled service engineers. Although we expect to realize the ultimate benefit of higher-margin service revenues under this multi-year initiative, we believe that our cost of services will increase as we add additional service engineers. If our service revenues do not grow enough to offset the cost of these headcount additions, our operating results may be negatively impacted.

Market conditions and technology advances significantly affect the demand for our products and services. Virtual delivery of software products and advanced Internet technology providing customers enhanced functionality have substantially increased customer expectations, requiring us to invest on an ongoing basis in our own IT infrastructure to meet these new demands.

Our investments in IT infrastructure are designed to enable us to operate more efficiently and provide our customers enhanced functionality.

The U.S. administration has announced or imposed a series of tariffs on U.S. trading partners. In response, several countries have threatened or imposed retaliatory measures. The imposition of new tariffs or increases in existing tariffs on goods imported from countries where our suppliers operate could result in increased inventory costs. These cost increases may reduce our margins or require us to raise prices. We continue to assess the impact of the tariffs on our supply chain. In addition, these actions and threatened actions and increased volatility in financial markets may affect customer decisions about the timing or size of IT investments.

If the current government shutdown continues, our net sales may decrease, specifically within our Public Sector Solutions segment, as it would delay government IT investments.

RECENT EVENTS

On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, or OBBBA, was enacted in the U.S. The OBBBA includes significant provisions, such as the permanent extension of certain expiring provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, modifications to the international tax framework and the restoration of favorable tax treatment for certain business provisions. The legislation has multiple effective dates, with certain provisions effective in 2025 and others implemented through 2027. We have evaluated the OBBBA’s expected impact on the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. As of and for the period ended September 30, 2025, there was an immaterial amount recorded to the balance sheet associated with our deferred income tax balances, primarily through adjustments to deferred tax liabilities and income taxes payable. The OBBBA is not expected to have a material impact on our income statement or annual effective tax rate. We will continue to monitor additional guidance related to the OBBBA as it becomes available.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following table sets forth information derived from our statements of income expressed as a percentage of net sales for the periods indicated (dollars in millions):

Net sales of $709.1 million for the third quarter of 2025 reflect a decrease of $15.6 million, or 2.2% compared to the third quarter of 2024. The decrease was primarily driven by decreases in net sales of notebooks/mobility, displays and sound, and net/com products of $20.5 million, $12.1 million, and $9.3 million, respectively, as shown in the table in Note 2 “Revenue” in the Notes to our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. These decreases were partially offset by increases in net sales of software, servers/storage, other hardware/services, desktops, and accessories of $9.1 million, $7.6 million, $4.5 million, $2.6 million, and $2.5 million, respectively. Gross profit for the third quarter of 2025 increased year-over-year by $3.2 million, or 2.4%, to $138.6 million as illustrated in the table and the discussion beginning on page 21 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Gross margin increased to 19.6% from 18.7% a year ago. The increase in gross margin was primarily driven by an increase in the amount of software sales recognized on a net basis as these sales are recognized in the financial statements at 100% margin. SG&A expenses as a percentage of net sales increased to 15.3% compared to 14.5% a year ago. The increase in SG&A expenses is primarily due to an increase in personnel costs as shown in the table on page 20 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Operating income for the third quarter of 2025 remained substantially the same year-over-year in dollars and increased as a percentage of net sales.

Net Sales Distribution

The following table sets forth our percentage of net sales by segment and product mix for the periods indicated:

Gross Profit Margin

The following table summarizes our gross margin, as a percentage of net sales, for the periods indicated:

Operating Expenses

The following table reflects our SG&A expenses for the periods indicated (dollars in millions):

Severance Expenses

There were no severance expenses incurred during the three months ended September 30, 2025. During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, we undertook actions to lower our cost structure. In connection with these initiatives, we incurred severance expenses of $2.9 million which included cash severance and other related termination benefits. There were no severance expenses incurred during the three months ended September 30, 2024. We incurred severance expenses of $0.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

Year-Over-Year Comparisons

In this section and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q we refer to changes in year-over-year results. Unless context otherwise requires, such references refer to changes between the three months ended September 30, 2025 and the three months ended September 30, 2024; and changes between the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

Three Months Ended September 30, 2025 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2024

Changes in net sales and gross profit by segment are shown in the following table (dollars in millions):

Net sales decreased for the third quarter of 2025 compared to the third quarter of 2024, as explained by the year-over-year changes discussed below:

• Net sales of $319.8 million for the Enterprise Solutions segment reflect an increase of $22.8 million, or 7.7%. The increase in net sales is primarily due to increases in net sales of accessories, notebooks/mobility, servers/storage, software, and other hardware/services of $12.7 million, $11.2 million, $5.9 million, $5.4 million, and $3.6 million, respectively. These increases were partially offset by decreases in net sales of displays and sound, net/com products, and desktops of $8.6 million, $4.7 million, and $2.7 million, respectively.
• Net sales of $256.8 million for the Business Solutions segment reflect an increase of $4.2 million, or 1.7%. The increase in net sales is primarily due to increases in net sales of software, desktops, other hardware/services, and displays and sound of $7.0 million, $5.8 million, $1.5 million, and $0.5 million, respectively. These increases were partially offset by decreases in net sales of notebooks/mobility, net/com products, and accessories of $4.3 million, $3.7 million, and $2.6 million, respectively.
• Net sales of $132.5 million for the Public Sector Solutions segment reflect a decrease of $42.6 million, or 24.3%. Sales to the federal government decreased by $23.0 million, or 44.3%, compared to the prior year quarter, while sales to state and local government and educational institutions decreased by $19.6 million, or 15.9%. The decrease in sales to the federal government was primarily driven by a few large orders in the prior period. The decrease in sales to state and local government and educational institutions was primarily driven by the timing of purchases associated with government funding reductions. The decrease in net sales is primarily due to decreases in net sales of notebooks/mobility, accessories, displays and sound, software, net/com

products, other hardware/services, and desktops of $27.4 million, $7.6 million, $4.1 million, $3.2 million, $0.9 million, $0.6 million, and $0.5 million, respectively. These decreases were partially offset by an increase in net sales of servers/storage of $1.7 million.

Gross profit for the third quarter of 2025 increased year-over-year, as explained by the year-over-year changes discussed below:

• Gross profit for the Enterprise Solutions segment increased by $1.6 million year-over-year primarily due to the increase in net sales as discussed in the preceding paragraph.
• Gross profit for the Business Solutions segment increased by $4.9 million year-over-year primarily due to net sales of notebooks/mobility at improved invoice margins primarily as a result of low-margin deals in the prior period.
• Gross profit for the Public Sector Solutions segment decreased by $3.3 million primarily due to the decrease in net sales as discussed in the preceding paragraph.

Gross margin for the third quarter of 2025 increased year-over-year, as explained by the year-over-year changes discussed below:

• Gross margin for the Enterprise Solutions segment decreased by 70 basis points primarily due to a decrease in the amount of software sales recognized on a net basis, as well as reduced software agency fees.
• Gross margin for the Business Solutions segment increased by 150 basis points primarily due to an increase in the amount of software sales recognized on a net basis.
• Gross margin for the Public Sector Solutions segment increased by 230 basis points primarily due to an increase in the amount of software sales recognized on a net basis relative to total net sales in the segment.

Selling, general and administrative expenses for the third quarter of 2025 increased both in dollars and as a percentage of net sales compared to the third quarter of 2024. SG&A expenses attributable to our three segments and the remaining unallocated Headquarters/Other expenses are summarized in the table below (dollars in millions):

• SG&A expenses for the Enterprise Solutions segment increased year-over-year in dollars but decreased as a percentage of net sales. The year-over-year change in SG&A dollars was primarily attributable to increases in use of shared Headquarter services and personnel costs of $1.2 million and $0.8 million, respectively, partially offset by decreases in marketing and service contracts/subscriptions of $0.3 million each. SG&A expenses as a percentage of net sales were 11.7% for the Enterprise Solutions segment for the third quarter of 2025, which reflects a decrease of 40 basis points and is primarily due to the increase in net sales discussed above.
• SG&A expenses for the Business Solutions segment increased year-over-year in dollars but remained substantially the same as a percentage of net sales. The year-over-year change in SG&A dollars was primarily attributable to an increase in use of shared Headquarter services of $2.8 million, partially offset by a decrease in marketing of $1.5 million.
• SG&A expenses for the Public Sector Solutions segment increased year-over-year both in dollars and as a percentage of net sales. The year-over-year change in SG&A dollars was primarily attributable to increases in use of shared Headquarter services and professional fees of $1.4 million and $0.7 million, respectively, partially offset by a decrease in personnel costs of $0.2 million. SG&A expenses as a percentage of net sales were 17.7% for the Public Sector Solutions segment for the third quarter of 2025, which reflects an increase of 530 basis points and is primarily due to the decrease in net sales discussed above, combined with the increase in SG&A dollars.
• SG&A expenses for the Headquarters/Other decreased year-over-year by $1.5 million primarily due to an increase in the allocated amounts to the operating segments of $5.5 million, partially offset by an increase in personnel costs of $3.8 million. The Headquarters/Other provides services to the three segments in areas such as finance, distribution center, human resources, IT, marketing, and product management. Most of the operating costs associated with such corporate Headquarters/Other services are charged to the segments based on their estimated allocation usage of the underlying services.

Income from operations for the third quarter of 2025 was $30.3 million, which was substantially the same as the prior year quarter. Income from operations as a percentage of net sales increased to 4.3% for the third quarter of 2025, compared to 4.1% for the prior year quarter, primarily due to the decrease in net sales, as discussed above.

Interest income, net for the third quarter of 2025 decreased to $3.7 million, compared to $4.8 million for the third quarter of 2024, primarily due to a decrease in interest income of $1.2 million. The decrease in interest income is primarily a result of lower realized interest rates in the current period combined with lower cash equivalent and investment balances in the current period.

Other income was not received during the third quarter of 2025. Other income for the third quarter of 2024 was $1.7 million as a result of a legal settlement received.

Income taxes. Our provision for income taxes for the third quarter of 2025 decreased to $9.2 million, compared to $9.5 million for the third quarter of 2024. Our effective tax rate was 27.1% for the quarter ended September 30, 2025, compared to 26.0% for the quarter ended September 30, 2024. The increase in the effective tax rate was primarily due to non-recurring benefits included in the prior year period.

Net income for the third quarter of 2025 decreased to $24.7 million, compared to $27.1 million for the third quarter of 2024, primarily due to the decrease in other income combined with the decrease in interest income, net, as discussed above.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024

Changes in net sales and gross profit by segment are shown in the following table (dollars in millions):

Net sales increased for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024, as explained by the year-over-year changes discussed below:

• Net sales of $943.8 million for the Enterprise Solutions segment reflect an increase of $65.4 million, or 7.4%. The increase in net sales is primarily due to increases in net sales of desktops, servers/storage, accessories, notebooks/mobility, software, and other hardware/services of $17.7 million, $17.5 million, $16.5 million, $16.4 million, $13.4 million, and $9.9 million, respectively. These increases were partially offset by decreases in net sales of displays and sound and net/com products of $24.0 million and $2.0 million, respectively.
• Net sales of $808.4 million for the Business Solutions segment reflect an increase of $21.7 million, or 2.8%. The increase in net sales is primarily due to increases in net sales of desktops, notebooks/mobility, software, and displays and sound of $19.9 million, $14.2 million, $8.3 million, and $1.7 million, respectively. These increases were partially offset by decreases in net sales of accessories, net/com products, and servers/storage of $13.5 million, $7.9 million, and $1.2 million, respectively.
• Net sales of $417.6 million for the Public Sector Solutions segment reflect a decrease of $10.5 million, or 2.4%. Sales to the federal government increased by $19.1 million, or 20.1%, while sales to state and local government and educational institutions decreased by $29.6 million, or 8.9%. The decrease in net sales is primarily due to decreases in net sales of notebooks/mobility, displays and sound, other hardware/services, and software of $11.1 million, $7.2 million, $4.4 million, and $2.0 million, respectively. These decreases were partially offset by increases in net sales of desktops and servers/storage of $7.9 million and $6.9 million, respectively.

Gross profit for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 increased year-over-year, as explained by the year-over-year changes discussed below:

• Gross profit for the Enterprise Solutions segment increased by $2.7 million year-over-year primarily due to the increase in net sales as discussed in the preceding paragraph.
• Gross profit for the Business Solutions segment increased by $12.5 million year-over-year primarily due to net sales of notebooks/mobility at improved invoice margins primarily as a result of low-margin deals in the prior period.
• Gross profit for the Public Sector Solutions segment decreased by $1.5 million primarily due to the decrease in net sales as discussed in the preceding paragraph.

Gross margin for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 remained substantially the same year-over-year, as explained by the year-over-year changes discussed below:

• Gross margin for the Enterprise Solutions segment decreased by 80 basis points primarily due to a decrease in the amount of software sales recognized on a net basis, as well as reduced software agency fees.
• Gross margin for the Business Solutions segment increased by 90 basis points primarily due to an increase in the amount of software sales recognized on a net basis.
• Gross margin for the Public Sector Solutions segment remained substantially the same year-over-year.

Selling, general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 increased in dollars but remained substantially the same as a percentage of net sales compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024. SG&A expenses attributable to our three segments and the remaining unallocated Headquarters/Other expenses are summarized in the table below (dollars in millions):

• SG&A expenses for the Enterprise Solutions segment increased year-over-year in dollars but decreased as a percentage of net sales. The year-over-year change in SG&A dollars was primarily attributable to increases in personnel costs, use of shared Headquarter services, and professional fees of $3.2 million, $0.8 million, and $0.5 million, respectively, partially offset by a decrease in service contracts/subscriptions of $0.8 million. SG&A expenses as a percentage of net sales were 11.9% for the Enterprise Solutions segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, which reflects a decrease of 50 basis points and is primarily due to the increase in net sales discussed above.
• SG&A expenses for the Business Solutions segment increased year-over-year in dollars but decreased as a percentage of net sales. The year-over-year change in SG&A dollars was primarily attributable to an increase in the use of shared Headquarter services of $4.6 million, partially offset by decreases in marketing, personnel costs, and credit card fees of $2.1 million, $0.5 million, and $0.4 million, respectively. SG&A expenses as a percentage of net sales were 16.5% for the Business Solutions segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, which reflects a decrease of 30 basis points and is primarily due to the increase in net sales discussed above.
• SG&A expenses for the Public Sector Solutions segment increased year-over-year both in dollars and as a percentage of net sales. The year-over-year change in SG&A dollars was primarily attributable to increases in professional fees, use of shared Headquarter services, and personnel costs of $2.9 million, $2.3 million, and $1.0 million, respectively. SG&A expenses as a percentage of net sales were 16.7% for the Public Sector Solutions segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, which reflects an increase of 190 basis points and is primarily due to the decrease in net sales discussed above combined with the increase in SG&A dollars.
• SG&A expenses for the Headquarters/Other decreased year-over-year primarily due to an increase in the allocated amounts to the operating segments of $7.7 million, as well as decreases in professional fees and depreciation and amortization of $1.0 million and $0.9 million, respectively, partially offset by increases in personnel costs, service contracts/subscriptions, and marketing of $5.4 million, $2.0 million, and $1.1 million, respectively. The Headquarters/Other provides services to the three segments in areas such as finance, distribution center, human resources, IT, marketing, and product management. Most of the operating costs

associated with such corporate Headquarters/Other services are charged to the segments based on their estimated allocation usage of the underlying services.

Severance expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 were $2.9 million, compared to $0.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The severance expenses were related to an involuntary reduction in our workforce to lower our cost structure and included cash severance and other related termination benefits.

Income from operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 increased to $75.7 million, compared to $74.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, primarily due to the increase in gross profit, partially offset by the increases in SG&A expenses and severance expenses, as discussed above. Income from operations as a percentage of net sales decreased to 3.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to 3.6% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, primarily due to the increase in net sales, as discussed above.

Interest income, net for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 decreased to $10.8 million, compared to $14.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, primarily due to a decrease in interest income of $3.3 million. The decrease in interest income is primarily a result of lower realized interest rates in the current period combined with lower cash equivalent and investment balances in the current period.

Other income for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $0.1 million related to a realized gain on sale of short-term investments, compared to $1.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as a result of a legal settlement received.

Income taxes. Our provision for income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 decreased to $23.6 million, compared to $23.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Our effective tax rate was 27.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to 26.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The increase in the effective tax rate was primarily due to non-recurring benefits included in the prior year period.

Net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 decreased to $63.0 million, compared to $66.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, primarily due to the decrease in interest income, net combined with the decrease in other income, partially offset by the increase in income from operations, as discussed above.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our primary sources of liquidity are internally generated funds from operations and short-term investments. We have historically used and expect to use in the future those funds to meet our capital requirements, which consist primarily of working capital for operational needs, capital expenditures for computer equipment and software used in our business, repurchases of our common stock for treasury, dividend payments, and as opportunities arise, possible acquisitions of new businesses.

We believe that funds generated from operations and short-term investments will be sufficient to finance our working capital, capital expenditures, and other requirements for at least the next twelve calendar months and beyond such twelve calendar month period. Our investments in IT systems and infrastructure are designed to enable us to operate more efficiently and to provide our customers enhanced functionality.

We expect to meet our cash requirements for the next twelve months and beyond through a combination of cash on hand, short-term investments, and cash generated from operations, as follows:

• Cash and Cash Equivalents. As of September 30, 2025, we had $187.8 million in cash and cash equivalents.
• Short-term Investments. As of September 30, 2025, we had $211.4 million in short-term investments.
• Cash Generated from Operations. We expect to generate cash flows from operations in excess of operating cash needs by generating earnings and managing net changes in inventories and receivables with changes in payables to generate positive cash flow.

Our ability to continue funding our planned growth, both internally and externally, is dependent upon our ability to generate sufficient cash flow from operations or to obtain additional funds through equity or debt financing, or from other sources of financing, as may be required. While we do not anticipate needing any additional sources of financing to fund our operations at this time, if demand for IT products declines, or our customers are materially adversely impacted by the developing macroeconomic trends characterized by inflation and increased interest rates, our cash flows from operations may be substantially affected.

Dividends

A summary of 2025 dividend activity for our common stock is as follows:

On October 29, 2025, we announced that our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend on our common stock of $0.15 per share. The dividend will be paid on November 28, 2025 to all stockholders of record as of the close of business on November 11, 2025. The declaration and payment of any future dividends is at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend upon our financial position, strategic plans, general business conditions and any other factors deemed relevant by our Board of Directors.

Summary of Sources and Uses of Cash

Cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, as reflected in our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows included in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, are summarized in the following table (in millions):

Cash provided by operating activities is summarized as follows (in millions):

The decrease in net cash from operating activities of $110.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was primarily attributable to changes in inventories, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses and other liabilities of $50.5 million, $27.4 million, $17.2 million, and $10.1 million, respectively. The decrease in cash from operating activities attributable to inventories is primarily due to increased inventory purchases related to customer rollouts. The decrease in cash from operating activities attributable to accounts receivable is primarily driven by the timing of collections. The decrease in cash from operating activities attributable to accounts payable and accrued expenses and other liabilities is primarily due to the timing of payments.

In order to manage our working capital and operating cash needs, we monitor our cash conversion cycle, defined as days of sales outstanding in accounts receivable plus days of supply in inventory minus days of purchases outstanding in accounts payable, based on a rolling three-month average. Components of our cash conversion cycle are as follows:

(1) Represents the trade receivable at the end of the quarter divided by average daily net sales for the same three-month period.

(2) Represents the inventory balance at the end of the quarter divided by average daily cost of sales for the same three-month period.

(3) Represents the accounts payable balance at the end of the quarter divided by average daily cost of sales for the same three-month period.

The cash conversion cycle increased to 46 days at September 30, 2025, compared to 40 days at September 30, 2024, as evidenced in the above cash conversion table. The increase in DSO is primarily due to the increase in trade receivables as of September 30, 2025 compared to September 30, 2024 combined with the decrease in net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024. The increase in DIO is primarily due to the increase in inventory as of September 30, 2025 compared to September 30, 2024. The increase in DPO is primarily due to the increase in accounts payable as of September 30, 2025 compared to September 30, 2024.

Cash provided by investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 consisted of $155.6 million of purchases of U.S. Government treasury securities, $108.8 million of sales of U.S. Government treasury securities, $101.3 million of maturities of U.S. Government treasury securities, and $5.2 million of purchases of property and equipment. These property and equipment expenditures were primarily for computer equipment and capitalized internally developed software in connection with investments in our IT infrastructure. In the prior year period, investing activities consisted of $255.1 million of purchases of U.S. Government treasury securities, $150.6 million of maturities of U.S. Government treasury securities, and $5.2 million of purchases of property and equipment.

Cash used in financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 consisted primarily of $0.7 million of aggregate borrowings and repayments, $65.5 million of treasury purchases, $11.5 million of dividend payments, $0.6 million of issuances of stock under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan, and $1.3 million of payments of payroll taxes on stock-based compensation through shares withheld. In the prior year period, financing activities consisted of $25.2 million of aggregate borrowings and repayments, $7.7 million of treasury purchases, $7.9 million of dividend payments, $0.5 million of issuances of stock under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan, and $1.3 million of payments of payroll taxes on stock-based compensation through shares withheld.

Debt Instruments, Contractual Agreements, and Related Covenants

Below is a summary of certain provisions of our credit facility and other contractual obligations. For more information about our obligations, commitments, and contingencies, see our condensed consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Credit Facility. Our credit facility collateralized by our accounts receivable expired March 31, 2025. We did not elect to extend or replace this credit facility given our significant cash, cash equivalent, and short-term investment balances. Amounts outstanding under this credit facility bore interest at the greatest of (i) the prime rate (7.50% at March

31, 2025), (ii) the federal funds effective rate plus 0.50% per annum, and (iii) the daily BSBY Rate, plus 1.00% per annum, but at no time less than 0% per annum. While we used this credit facility from time to time, we did not have borrowings outstanding at any recent quarter-end nor immediately prior to the expiration of the credit facility.

Cash receipts were automatically applied against any outstanding borrowings. Any excess cash on account could either remain on account to generate earned credits to offset up to 100% of cash management fees, or be invested in short-term qualified investments. Borrowings under the credit facility were classified as current in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Supplier Finance Programs. We have entered into agreements with financial institutions to facilitate the purchase of inventory from designated suppliers under certain terms and conditions to enhance liquidity. We do not incur any interest or other incremental expenses associated with these agreements as balances are paid when they are due. See “Note 10 “Supplier Finance Programs” of our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Operating Leases. We lease facilities, including our corporate headquarters and a facility adjacent to our corporate headquarters, from a related party, which is a company affiliated with us through common ownership. The lease agreements of these two Merrimack, New Hampshire facilities have expired. We continue to occupy the facilities on a month-to-month basis under the terms of the prior written lease agreements. It is our intention to enter into a written, long-term lease for the facilities. We also lease facilities from third parties under non-cancelable operating leases. Certain leases require us to pay real estate taxes, insurance, and common area maintenance charges. See “Item 2. Properties” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 for additional information regarding our operating leases.

Factors Affecting Sources of Liquidity

Internally Generated Funds. The key factors affecting our internally generated funds are our ability to manage costs and fully achieve our operating efficiencies, timely collection of our customer receivables, and management of our inventory levels.

Credit Facility. Our credit facility collateralized by our accounts receivable expired March 31, 2025 and we elected not to renew or replace the credit facility given our significant cash, cash equivalent, and short-term investment balances.

Capital Markets. Our ability to raise additional funds in the capital market depends upon, among other things, general economic conditions, the condition of the IT industry, our financial performance and stock price, and the state of the capital markets. In addition, market volatility, inflation and interest rate fluctuations may increase our cost of financing or restrict our access to potential sources of future liquidity.

APPLICATION OF CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

Our critical accounting policies and estimates have not materially changed from those discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

RECENTLY ISSUED FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

Recently issued financial accounting standards are detailed in Note 1, “Basis of Presentation,” in the Notes to our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

For a description of our market risks, see Item 7A. “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. No material changes related to our market risks have occurred since December 31, 2024.

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer (our principal executive officer) and Chief Financial Officer (our principal financial officer), evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2025. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Our management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives as described above. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2025 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

In addition to the other information set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, you should carefully consider Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, which could materially affect our business, financial position, and results of operations. Risk factors which could cause actual results to differ materially from those suggested by forward-looking statements include but are not limited to those discussed or identified in this document, in our other public filings with the SEC, and those contained in Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.