Watts Water Technologies Inc: Form 10-Q for the period ended Sep 28, 2025

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains statements that are not historical facts and are considered forward-looking within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements contain projections of our future results of operations or our financial position or state other forward-looking information. The forward-looking statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including without limitation statements regarding our business performance and strategy, including, without limitation, expected financial results, benefits from recent acquisitions and future acquisitions, expected investments in capital expenditures, expected impacts from legislation and our ability to manage challenging macro-economic and softer market conditions, including impacts from tariffs, are only predictions and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify these forward-looking statements by words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “should,” and “would” or similar words. You should not rely on forward-looking statements because they involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, some of which are beyond our control. These risks, uncertainties and other factors may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from the anticipated future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Some of the factors that might cause these differences are described under Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. You should carefully review all of these factors, and you should be aware that there may be other factors that could cause these differences. These forward-looking statements were based on information, plans and estimates at the date of this report, and, except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect changes in underlying assumptions or factors, new information, future events or other changes.

Overview

The following discussion and analysis is provided to increase the understanding of, and should be read in conjunction with, the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements and related notes. In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, references to “the Company,” “Watts,” “we,” “us” or “our” refer to Watts Water Technologies, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.

We are a leading supplier of solutions, systems and products that manage and conserve the flow of fluids and energy into, through and out of buildings in the commercial, industrial and residential markets in the Americas, Europe and Asia-Pacific, Middle East and Africa (“APMEA”). For over 150 years, we have designed and produced valve systems that safeguard and regulate water systems, energy efficient heating and hydronic systems, drainage systems and water filtration technology that helps purify and conserve water. We earn revenue and income almost exclusively from the sale of our products. Our principal product and solution categories include:

• Residential & commercial flow control and protection—includes products and solutions typically sold into plumbing and hot water applications such as backflow preventers, water pressure regulators, temperature and pressure relief valves, thermostatic mixing valves, leak detection and protection products, commercial washroom solutions and emergency safety products and equipment. Many of our flow control and protection products are now smart and connected enabled, warning of leaks, floods, freezing temperatures and other hazards with alerts to Building Management Systems (“BMS”) and/or personal devices giving our customers greater insight into their water management and the ability to shut off the water supply to avoid waste and mitigate damage.
• Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (“HVAC”) & gas—includes commercial high-efficiency boilers, water heaters and heating solutions, hydronic and electric heating systems for under-floor radiant applications, custom heat and hot water solutions, hydronic pump groups for boiler manufacturers and alternative energy control packages, and flexible stainless steel connectors for natural and liquid propane gas in commercial food service and residential applications. Most of our HVAC products and solutions feature advanced controls enabling customers to easily connect to the BMS for better monitoring, control and operation.
• Drainage & water re-use—includes drainage products and engineered rainwater harvesting solutions for commercial, industrial, marine and residential applications, including connected roof drain systems.
• Water quality—includes point-of-use, point-of-entry, closed loop, cooling tower, and other water applications used for water filtration, monitoring, conditioning and scale prevention systems for commercial, marine, light industrial and residential applications.

Our business is reported in three geographic segments: Americas, Europe, and APMEA. We distribute our products through four primary distribution channels: wholesale, original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”), specialty, and do-it-yourself (“DIY”).

We believe the factors relating to our future growth include continued product innovation that meets the needs of our customers and our end markets; our ability to continue to make selective acquisitions, both in our core markets as well as in complementary markets; regulatory requirements relating to the quality and conservation of water and the safe use of water; increased demand for clean water; and continued enforcement of plumbing and building codes. Our acquisition strategy focuses on businesses that promote our key macro themes around safety and regulation, energy efficiency and water conservation. We target businesses that we believe will provide us with one or more of the following: an entry into new markets and/or new geographies, improved channel access, unique and/or proprietary technologies, including smart and connected technologies, advanced production capabilities or complementary solution offerings. We have completed 15 acquisitions since 2015, and in the last two years, we have completed four strategic and complementary acquisitions that expanded our addressable market and that we believe will enable value creation through greater scale and growth opportunities.

Our innovation strategy is focused on differentiated products and solutions that will provide greater opportunity to distinguish ourselves in the marketplace, while at the same time creating innovative products and smart solutions to protect, control, and conserve critical resources, and help our customers with their sustainability efforts through the use of our products. We continually look for strategic opportunities to invest in new products and markets or divest existing product lines where necessary in order to meet those objectives.

Over the past several years we have been building our smart and connected products foundation by expanding our internal capabilities and making strategic acquisitions. Our strategy is to deliver superior customer value through smart and connected products and intelligent water solutions. This strategy focuses on three dimensions: Connect, Control and Conserve. We are focused on introducing products that connect our customers with smart systems, manage systems for optimal performance, and conserve critical resources by increasing operability, efficiency and safety.

Products representing a majority of our sales are subject to regulatory standards and code enforcement, which typically require that these products meet stringent performance criteria. We have consistently advocated for the development and enforcement of such plumbing codes. We are focused on maintaining stringent quality control and testing procedures at each of our manufacturing facilities in order to manufacture products in compliance with code requirements and take advantage of the resulting demand for compliant products. We believe that product development, product testing capability and investment in plant and equipment needed to manufacture products in compliance with code requirements, represent a competitive advantage for us.

Tariffs imposed on foreign imports into the United States, particularly from Canada, China and Mexico, have increased the cost of our products and could adversely impact the gross margin we earn on our products. We are proactively responding to the dynamic trade environment by leveraging our global sourcing strategy, driving incremental productivity within our operations and implementing pricing actions as appropriate. We expect that our significant degree of vertical integration, with manufacturing close to our customers, will be an advantage for us in the current environment. We have a proven track record of successfully navigating through periods of disruption and are committed to continuing our strong execution. However, there can be no assurance that we will be able to fully mitigate the impact of new or increased tariffs and actions taken by the United States or other countries to impose or increase tariffs which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. We also continue to experience inflation in our labor and overhead costs. Despite these challenges and uncertainties, we continue to invest in our business, including new products, our smart and connected solutions and our growth and productivity initiatives. We remain focused on our customers’ needs and executing on our long-term strategy.

The trade policy environment and the ongoing U.S. government shutdown has created uncertainty and may result in further reductions to economic forecasts, including a reduction in global gross domestic product (“GDP”) expectations. While GDP is expected to be lower than the prior year, it is expected to remain positive and is generally a leading indicator for our repair and replacement business. New construction indicators are mixed. Multi-family housing, office, retail and recreation verticals are expected to be down, but light industrial, including data centers, is growing and institutional verticals remain steady. The impact of the enacted tariffs and the U.S. government shutdown on interest rate levels and new construction remains uncertain. The European economy remains weak and geo-political uncertainties continue, all of which may adversely affect our future financial results.

Financial Overview

Third quarter 2025 sales increased 12.5%, or $68.1 million, on a reported basis, and 9.4%, or $50.8 million, on an organic basis, compared to the third quarter of 2024. The reported sales increase compared to the third quarter of 2024 was positively impacted by acquired sales of 2.0%, or $11.1 million, all reported within the Americas segment, as well as net favorable impact of foreign exchange of 1.1%, or $6.2 million, primarily due to strengthening of the euro against the U.S. dollar. The 9.4% organic growth was driven by organic growth in the Americas of 13.3% and in APMEA of 0.3%, partially offset by organic decline in Europe of 2.3%. The organic growth was primarily driven by favorable price realization and increased volume in the Americas, including pull-forward demand resulting from tariff-related price increases. Organic growth in the Americas and APMEA was partially offset by lower volumes in Europe. Operating income of $111.4 million increased by $18.2 million, or 19.5%, in the third quarter of 2025 as compared to the third quarter of 2024. This increase was primarily driven by favorable price realization, volume growth and productivity, partially offset by inflation and tariffs.

In discussing our results of operations, segment earnings is the GAAP performance measure used by our chief operating decision-maker (“CODM”) to assess and evaluate segment results. Segment earnings exclude the impacts of special items which are defined as non-recurring, and unusual expenses or benefits such as restructuring costs, acquisition-related costs, gain on sale of assets and pension settlements. The CODM uses segment earnings for insight into underlying trends comparing past financial performance with current performance by reporting segment on a consistent basis.

In addition, we refer to non-GAAP organic changes in financial measures, including organic net sales, organic net sales growth, organic selling, general and administrative expenses, and organic segment earnings, that exclude the impacts of acquisitions, divestitures and foreign exchange. Management believes reporting these non-GAAP financial measures provides useful information to investors, potential investors and others, because it allows for additional insight into underlying trends by providing growth on a consistent basis. We reconcile the change in these non-GAAP financial measures to our reported results below.

Recent Developments

On November 4, 2025, we completed the acquisition of Haws Corporation (“Haws”) in a share purchase transaction funded with cash on hand. Haws is headquartered in Sparks, Nevada and is a leading global brand providing emergency safety and hydration solutions serving industrial, institutional and non-residential end markets for more than 120 years.

On November 3, 2025, the Company declared a quarterly dividend of fifty-two cents ($0.52) per share on each outstanding share of Class A common stock and Class B common stock payable on December 15, 2025 to stockholders of record on December 1, 2025.

Results of Operations

Third Quarter Ended September 28, 2025 Compared to Third Quarter Ended September 29, 2024

Net Sales. Our business is reported in three geographic segments: Americas, Europe and APMEA. Our net sales in each of these segments for each of the third quarters of 2025 and 2024 were as follows:

(dollars in millions)

The change in net sales was attributable to the following:

(dollars in millions)

Our products are sold primarily to wholesalers, OEMs, DIY chains, and through various specialty channels. The change in organic net sales by channel was attributable to the following:

(dollars in millions)

* Segment change as a % of segment net sales by channel and Total change as a % of consolidated net sales by channel.

Americas net sales increased $64.1 million, or 16.0%, for the third quarter of 2025 compared to the third quarter of 2024. The change in net sales was positively impacted by $11.1 million, or 2.8%, of acquired sales related to acquisitions completed in the first and second quarters of 2025. The change in net sales was negatively impacted by $0.2 million, or 0.1%, of foreign currency translation. Organic net sales increased $53.2 million, or 13.3%, primarily due to favorable price realization and higher volumes, including pull-forward demand into the third quarter of 2025.

Europe net sales increased $4.3 million, or 4.0%, for the third quarter of 2025 compared to the third quarter of 2024. The increase in net sales was positively impacted by favorable foreign currency translation of $6.8 million, or 6.3%. Organic net sales decreased $2.5 million, or 2.3%, primarily due to reduced volumes due to a decline in drains product sales and continued market weakness, partially offset by favorable price realization.

APMEA net sales decreased $0.3 million, or 0.8%, for the third quarter of 2025 compared to the third quarter of 2024. The change in net sales was negatively impacted by $0.4 million, or 1.1%, of foreign currency translation. Organic net sales increased $0.1 million, or 0.3%, primarily due to growth in Australia and the Middle East, partially offset by declines in China and New Zealand.

The net increase in net sales due to foreign exchange was mostly due to the favorable impact of the depreciation of the U.S. dollar against the euro partially offset by the appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the Australian dollar and Canadian dollar in the third quarter of 2025. We cannot predict whether foreign currencies will appreciate or depreciate against the U.S. dollar in future periods or whether future foreign exchange rate fluctuations will have a positive or negative impact on our net sales.

Gross Profit. Gross profit and gross profit as a percent of net sales (gross margin) for the third quarters of 2025 and 2024 were as follows:

(dollars in millions)

Gross profit and gross margin increased primarily from higher price realization, higher volume and productivity, partially offset by inflation and tariffs.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses increased $26.1 million, or 16.4%, in the third quarter of 2025 compared to the third quarter of 2024. The increase in SG&A expenses was attributable to the following:

(in millions)

The increase in organic SG&A expenses was primarily due to a net increase in short-term and long-term compensation accruals of $6.6 million, an increase in strategic investments of $4.8 million, general inflation of $4.2 million and increased variable costs of $3.1 million due to higher net sales, partially offset by a $3.4 million net benefit from the release of a previously reserved contingency matter, $2.9 million from productivity initiatives, and $1.6 million of restructuring savings compared to the third quarter of 2024. The increase in foreign exchange was mainly due to the depreciation of the U.S. dollar against the euro. The acquired SG&A costs related to two acquisitions in the Americas segment completed in the first and second quarters of 2025. The increase in special items SG&A expenses was primarily due to a $7.8 million gain on the settlement of Bradley’s frozen pension plan, partially offset by acquisition-related costs of $0.9 million, recognized in the third quarter of 2024. Total SG&A expenses, as a percentage of net sales, were 30.3% in the third quarter of 2025 compared to 29.2% in the third quarter of 2024.

Restructuring. In the third quarter of 2025, we recorded a net restructuring charge of $1.9 million, which primarily related to the 2025 French restructuring program that was approved in the first quarter of 2025 and immaterial severance costs related to other cost actions in the Europe segment. In the third quarter of 2024, we recorded a net restructuring charge of $4.9 million, which primarily related to immaterial actions in all regions including severance and other cost reductions. For a more detailed description of our restructuring plans, see Note 6 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Operating Income. Operating income, which is made up of segment earnings, Corporate operating loss and special items, for the third quarters of 2025 and 2024 was as follows:

(dollars in millions)

The increase (decrease) in total segment earnings was attributable to the following:

(dollars in millions)

Operating income increased $18.2 million, or 19.5%, for the third quarter of 2025 compared to the third quarter of 2024. Operating income was unfavorably impacted by segment special items of $1.9 million relating to restructuring charges incurred in the third quarter of 2025 compared to the third quarter of 2024 which included a $7.8 million gain on the settlement of Bradley’s frozen pension plan, partially offset by $4.9 million of restructuring charges and $2.5 million of acquisition-related costs. The increase in organic operating income of $22.5 million, or 21.3%, was primarily due to higher price realization, increased volume in the Americas, including pull-forward demand into the third quarter of 2025, productivity and savings from prior restructuring actions, partially offset by volume deleverage in Europe, inflation, tariffs and investments.

Interest Income. Interest income in the third quarter of 2025 increased $0.4 million compared to the third quarter of 2024, primarily due to higher cash and cash equivalents balances.

Interest Expense. Interest expense in the third quarter of 2025 decreased $0.9 million compared to the third quarter of 2024, primarily due to a lower principal balance of debt outstanding. Refer to Note 11 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further details.

Other Expense (Income), Net. Other expense (income), net, was an expense balance of $0.2 million in the third quarter of 2025, primarily due to unfavorable foreign currency translation, compared to an income balance of $0.6 million in the third quarter of 2024, primarily due to an immaterial investment gain partially offset by unfavorable foreign currency translation.

Income Taxes. Our effective income tax rate increased to 25.9% in the third quarter of 2025, from 25.1% in the third quarter of 2024 related to changes from the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (“OBBBA”). We currently do not expect the OBBBA to have a material impact on our estimated effective income tax rate in 2025.

Net Income. Net income was $82.2 million, or $2.45 per share of common stock on a diluted basis, for the third quarter of 2025, compared to $69.1 million, or $2.06 per share of common stock on a diluted basis, for the third quarter of 2024. Results for the third quarter of 2025 included after-tax charges of $1.5 million, or $0.05 per share of common stock, for restructuring. Results for the third quarter of 2024 included an after-tax benefit of $5.8 million, or $0.17 per share of common stock, for a gain on the settlement of the Bradley pension plan and $0.9 million, or $0.03 per share of common stock, for other investment gains, partially offset by after-tax charges of $3.8 million, or $0.11 per common share, for restructuring and $1.9 million, or $0.06 per share of common stock, for acquisition-related costs.

Nine Months Ended September 28, 2025 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 29, 2024

Net Sales. Our net sales in each of the three geographic segments for the first nine months of 2025 and 2024 were as follows:

(dollars in millions)

The change in net sales was attributable to the following:

(dollars in millions)

The change in organic net sales by channel was attributable to the following:

(dollars in millions)

* Segment change as a % of segment net sales by channel and Total change as a % of consolidated net sales by channel.

Americas net sales increased $113.9 million, or 9.0%, for the first nine months of 2025 compared to the first nine months of 2024. The change in net sales was positively impacted by $23.1 million, or 1.8%, of acquired sales related to two acquisitions completed in the first and second quarters of 2025. The change in net sales was negatively impacted by $1.7 million, or 0.1%, of foreign currency translation. Organic net sales increased $92.5 million, or 7.3%, primarily due to favorable price realization, and higher volume, including pull-forward demand into the third quarter of 2025, partially offset by fewer shipping days in the first nine months of 2025. The organic net sales growth was primarily in the wholesale channel from increased sales across our core valve and drain products and in the specialty channel from increased sales of our heating and hot water products.

Europe net sales decreased $13.7 million, or 4.0%, for the first nine months of 2025 compared to the first nine months of 2024. The change in net sales was positively impacted by $8.8 million, or 2.6%, of favorable foreign currency translation. Organic net sales decreased $22.5 million, or 6.6%, primarily due to volume declines from market weakness in the OEM and wholesale channels and fewer shipping days in the first nine months of 2025, partially offset by favorable price realization. The OEM channel was impacted by reduced government energy incentives and the related heat pump destocking primarily in the first half of 2025, while the wholesale channel was primarily impacted by reduced volume of plumbing product sales into France and Benelux.

APMEA net sales increased $1.4 million, or 1.4%, for the first nine months of 2025 compared to the first nine months of 2024. The change in net sales was negatively impacted by $2.1 million, or 2.1%, of unfavorable foreign currency translation. Organic net sales increased $3.5 million, or 3.5%, primarily due to volume growth in China, Australia and the Middle East, partially offset by fewer shipping days in the first nine months of 2025.

The net increase in net sales due to foreign exchange was mostly due to the favorable impact of the depreciation of the U.S. dollar against the euro, partially offset by the unfavorable impact of the appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the Australian dollar and Canadian dollar in the first nine months of 2025.

Gross Profit. Gross profit and gross profit as a percent of net sales (gross margin) for the first nine months of 2025 and 2024 were as follows:

(dollars in millions)

Gross profit and gross margin increased primarily from higher price realization, productivity and lower amortization of fair value inventory adjustments from acquisitions, partially offset by inflation and tariffs.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. SG&A expenses increased $38.1 million, or 7.6%, in the first nine months of 2025 compared to the first nine months of 2024. The increase in SG&A expenses was attributable to the following:

(in millions)

The increase in organic SG&A expenses was primarily due to an increase in strategic investments of $12.1 million, general inflation of $11.8 million, increased variable costs of $8.3 million due to higher net sales and a net increase in short-term and long-term compensation accruals of $7.6 million, partially offset by $8.6 million from productivity initiatives, $4.8 million of restructuring savings, $3.4 million net benefit from the release of a previously reserved contingency matter, lower professional fees of $1.8 million and a $0.8 million reduction in travel and marketing spend compared to the first nine months of 2024. The increase in foreign exchange was mainly due to the depreciation of the U.S. dollar against the euro, partially offset by the appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the Australian dollar and Canadian dollar. The acquired SG&A costs related to two acquisitions in the Americas segment completed in the first and second quarters of 2025. The increase in special items SG&A expenses was primarily due to a $7.8 million gain on the settlement of Bradley’s frozen pension plan and $4.4 million gain on sale of buildings in the first nine months of 2024, partially offset by decreased acquisition-related costs of $4.4 million compared to the first nine months of 2024. Total SG&A expenses, as a percentage of sales, were 29.8% in the first nine months of 2025 compared to 29.3% in the first nine months of 2024.

Restructuring. In the first nine months of 2025, we recorded a net restructuring charge of $22.6 million, which included a $20.6 million charge related to the 2025 French restructuring program that was approved in the first quarter of 2025. In the first nine months of 2024, we recorded a net restructuring charge of $6.4 million, which primarily related to immaterial actions in all regions including severance, exit costs and other cost reductions. For a more detailed description of our restructuring plans, see Note 6 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Operating Income. Operating income, which is made up of segment earnings, Corporate operating loss and special items, for the first nine months of 2025 and 2024 was as follows:

(dollars in millions)

The increase (decrease) in total segment earnings was attributable to the following:

(dollars in millions)

Operating income increased $33.0 million, or 10.9%, for the first nine months of 2025 compared to the first nine months of 2024. Operating income was unfavorably impacted by $20.6 million of restructuring charges related to the 2025 French restructuring program as well as gains of $7.8 million on the settlement of Bradley’s frozen pension plan and $4.4 million gain on the sale of buildings in the first nine months of 2024 that did not repeat in 2025, partially offset by lower acquisition-related costs. The increase in organic operating income of $50.1 million, or 14.4%, was primarily due to higher price realization, higher volume in the Americas, including pull-forward demand into the third quarter of 2025, productivity and savings from prior restructuring actions, partially offset by volume deleverage in Europe, inflation, tariffs and investments.

Interest Income. Interest income in the first nine months of 2025 increased $1.0 million compared to the first nine months of 2024, primarily due to higher cash and cash equivalents balances.

Interest Expense. Interest expense in the first nine months of 2025 decreased $3.8 million compared to the first nine months of 2024, primarily due to a lower principal balance of debt outstanding. Refer to Note 11 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further details.

Other Expense (Income), Net. Other expense (income), net, was an expense balance of $0.8 million in the first nine months of 2025, primarily due to unfavorable foreign currency translation, compared to an income balance of $1.4 million in the first nine months of 2024, primarily due to an immaterial investment gain partially offset by unfavorable foreign currency translation.

Income Taxes. Our effective income tax rate decreased to 22.7% in the first nine months of 2025, from 24.7% in the first nine months of 2024. The decrease is due to a reversal of a tax liability during the first quarter of 2025 relating to a prior tax year for which we determined the statute of limitations had lapsed. The tax liability reversal resulted in a decrease in our foreign tax credit carryforwards and the release of an associated valuation allowance. This decrease was slightly offset by an increase related to the changes from the OBBBA.

Net Income. Net income was $257.1 million, or $7.67 per share of common stock on a diluted basis, for the first nine months of 2025, compared to $223.6 million, or $6.67 per share of common stock on a diluted basis, for the first nine months of 2024. Results for the first nine months of 2025 included after-tax charges of $17.0 million, or $0.51 per share of common stock, for restructuring and $1.0 million, or $0.03 per share of common stock, for acquisition-related costs, partially offset by an after-tax benefit of $8.3 million, or $0.25 per share of common stock, for an income tax adjustment related to a lapsed statute tax year liability, as noted above in ‘Income Taxes’. Results for the first nine months of 2024 included after-tax charges of $9.9 million, or $0.30 per share of common stock, for acquisition-related costs and $4.9 million, or $0.14 per share of common stock, for restructuring, partially offset by an after-tax benefit of $5.8 million, or $0.17 per share of common stock, for a gain on the settlement of the Bradley pension plan, $3.3 million, or $0.10 per share of common stock, for gain on sale of assets and $0.9 million, or $0.03 per share of common stock, for other investment gains.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We generated $247.3 million of net cash provided by operating activities in the first nine months of 2025 compared to $221.6 million of net cash provided by operating activities in the first nine months of 2024. The increase in net cash provided by operating activities was primarily related to higher net income and lower tax payments as a result of the OBBBA, partially offset by higher working capital investment related to timing of accounts receivable collections and higher inventory primarily related to increased tariff costs.

We used $117.0 million of net cash for investing activities in the first nine months of 2025 compared to $112.7 million used in the first nine months of 2024. We used $85.7 million in cash for business acquisitions in our Americas segment in the first nine months of 2025 compared to $96.3 million in cash for business acquisitions in our Americas segment in the first nine months of 2024. Cash used for net capital expenditures in the first nine months of 2025 compared to the first nine months of 2024 increased $13.9 million. For the remainder of 2025, we expect to invest approximately $14 million in capital expenditures as part of our ongoing commitment to improve our operating capabilities.

We used $74.5 million of net cash for financing activities during the first nine months of 2025 primarily due to dividend payments of $49.4 million, tax withholding payments on vested stock awards of $11.4 million and payments of $11.8 million to repurchase approximately 51,000 shares of Class A common stock. In the first nine months of 2024, we used $156.2 million of net cash for financing activities primarily due to long-term debt repayments of $85.0 million, dividend payments of $41.1 million, tax withholding payments on vested stock awards of $12.8 million and payments of $13.0 million to repurchase approximately 66,000 shares of Class A common stock.

On July 12, 2024, we entered into the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement by and among the Company, certain subsidiaries of the Company, the lenders and other parties from time to time parties thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent (the “Credit Agreement”). The Credit Agreement amends and restates the prior Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of March 30, 2021 (as amended by that certain Amendment No. 1 date August 2, 2022 and Amendment No. 2 dated December 12, 2023), that establishes our senior unsecured revolving credit facility of $800 million (the “Revolving Credit Facility”). The Credit Agreement also contains an expansion option of $400.0 million. Pursuant to the Credit Agreement, the maturity date of the Revolving Credit Facility is July 12, 2029, subject to extension under certain circumstances and subject to the terms of the Credit Agreement. The Credit Agreement provides for a maximum consolidated leverage ratio of 3.50 to 1.00 (or 4.00 to 1.00 during temporary step-ups following certain permitted acquisitions) and the minimum consolidated interest ratio of 3.50 to 1.00.

The Revolving Credit Facility also includes sub-limits of $100 million for letters of credit and $15 million for swing line loans. As of September 28, 2025, we had drawn down $200.0 million on this line of credit and had $12.2 million in letters of credit outstanding, which resulted in $587.8 million of unused and available credit under the Revolving Credit Facility as of such date. Borrowings outstanding bear interest at a fluctuating rate per annum equal to an applicable percentage defined as (i) in the case of Term Benchmark loans, the Term Benchmark rate plus an applicable percentage, ranging from 1.075% to 1.325%, or (ii) in the case of alternate base rate loans and swing line loans, interest (which at all times will not be less than 1.00%) at the greatest of (a) the Prime Rate in effect on such day, (b) the FRBNY Rate in effect on such day plus 0.50% and (c) the Term Benchmark rate plus 1.00% for a one-month interest period, in each case, determined by reference to our consolidated leverage ratio. For the borrowings denominated in dollars, there is a fixed 10 basis point adjustment if the reference rate is Term SOFR. The weighted average interest rate on debt outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility as of September 28, 2025 was 5.38%. The weighted average interest rate on debt outstanding inclusive of the interest rate swaps discussed in Note 12 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements and interest rates under the Revolving Credit Facility as of September 28, 2025 was 4.07%. In addition to paying interest under the Credit Agreement, we are also required to pay certain fees in connection with the Revolving Credit Facility, including, but not limited to, an unused facility fee and letter of credit fees. We may repay loans outstanding under the Credit Agreement from time to time without premium or penalty, other than customary breakage costs, if any, and subject to the terms of the Credit Agreement.

As of September 28, 2025, we held $457.7 million in cash and cash equivalents. Of this amount, $222.5 million of cash and cash equivalents were held by foreign subsidiaries. Our U.S. operations typically generate sufficient cash flows to meet our domestic obligations. We expect existing cash and cash equivalents and cash flows from operations and financing activities to be sufficient to meet our cash needs for at least the next 12 months and thereafter for the foreseeable future. However, if we did have to borrow to fund some or all of our expected cash outlays, we can do so at reasonable interest rates by utilizing the undrawn borrowings under our Revolving Credit Facility. Subsequent to recording the Toll Tax as part of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, our intent, other than with respect to the one-time repatriation of foreign earnings in 2023, has been to permanently reinvest undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries, and we do not have any current plans to repatriate additional post-Toll Tax foreign earnings to fund operations in the United States. However, if amounts held by foreign subsidiaries were needed to fund operations in the United States, we could be required to accrue and pay taxes to repatriate these funds. Such charges may include potential state income taxes and other tax charges.

On July 4, 2025, the OBBBA was enacted into law, introducing major changes to U.S. tax regulations, with staggered effective dates. Key provisions affecting our income taxes include an increase in bonus depreciation deductions, accelerated expensing of research and development costs and updates to international tax rules. We have included the effects of these changes in our third quarter 2025 consolidated financial statements. While the OBBBA is expected to have minimal impact on our effective income tax rate, it is projected to generate significant cash tax savings in 2025 due to accelerated tax deductions.

We have no off-balance sheet arrangements that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that is material to investors.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

In accordance with the SEC’s Regulation G and Item 10(e) of Regulation S-K, the following provides definitions of the non-GAAP financial measures used by management. We believe that these measures enhance the overall understanding of underlying business results and trends. These non-GAAP measures are not intended to be considered by the user in place of the related GAAP financial measure, but rather as supplemental information to more fully understand our business results. These non-GAAP financial measures may not be the same as similar measures used by other companies due to possible differences in method and in the items or events being adjusted.

We refer to non-GAAP organic changes in financial measures, including organic net sales, organic net sales growth, organic SG&A expenses and organic segment earnings which are non-GAAP measures that exclude the impacts of acquisitions, divestitures and foreign exchange from year-over-year comparisons. A reconciliation to the most closely related U.S. GAAP measure, net sales, net sales growth, SG&A and segment earnings, have been included in our discussion within “Results of Operations” above. Non-GAAP measures should be considered in addition to, and not as a replacement for or as a superior measure to U.S. GAAP measures. Management believes reporting these non-GAAP measures provide useful information to investors, potential investors and others, by facilitating easier comparisons of our performance with prior and future periods.

Free cash flow is a non-GAAP measure that does not represent cash provided by operating activities in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Therefore, it should not be considered an alternative to net cash provided by or used in operating activities as an indication of our performance. The cash conversion rate of free cash flow to net income is also a measure of our performance in cash flow generation. We believe free cash flow and cash flow conversion rate to be an appropriate supplemental measure of our operating performance because it provides investors with a measure of our ability to generate cash, repay debt, pay dividends, repurchase stock and fund acquisitions.

A reconciliation of net cash provided by operating activities to free cash flow and a calculation of our cash conversion rate is provided below:

(in millions)

Free cash flow increased in the first nine months of 2025 when compared to the first nine months of 2024, primarily driven by higher net income, partially offset by higher working capital investments related to the timing of accounts receivable collections and higher inventory primarily related to increased tariff costs.

Our net debt to capitalization ratio, a non-GAAP financial measure used by management, at September 28, 2025 was (15.3%) compared to (12.5%) at December 31, 2024. The decrease was driven by a change in net debt balance, primarily due to increased cash and cash equivalents. Management believes the net debt to capitalization ratio is an appropriate supplemental measure because it helps investors understand our ability to meet our financing needs and serves as a basis to evaluate our financial structure. Our computation may not be comparable to other companies that may define their net debt to capitalization ratios differently.

A reconciliation of long-term debt (including current portion) to net debt and our net debt to capitalization ratio is provided below:

(in millions)

A reconciliation of capitalization is provided below:

(in millions)

Application of Critical Accounting Policies and Key Estimates

We believe that our critical accounting policies are those related to revenue recognition, inventory valuation, goodwill and other intangibles, product liability costs, legal contingencies and income taxes. We believe these accounting policies are particularly important to an understanding of our financial position and results of operations and require application of significant judgment by our management. In applying these policies, management uses its judgment in making certain assumptions and estimates. Our accounting policies are more fully described under the heading “Accounting Policies” in Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K as filed with the SEC on February 18, 2025.

We use derivative financial instruments primarily to reduce exposure to adverse fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, interest rates and costs of certain raw materials used in the manufacturing process. We do not enter into derivative financial instruments for trading purposes. As a matter of policy, all derivative positions are used to reduce risk by hedging underlying economic exposure. The derivatives we use are instruments with liquid markets. See Note 12 of Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further details.

Our consolidated earnings, which are reported in United States dollars, are subject to translation risks due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. This risk is concentrated in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the euro; the U.S. dollar and the Canadian dollar; and the U.S. dollar and the Chinese yuan.

Our non-U.S. subsidiaries transact most business, including certain intercompany transactions, in foreign currencies. Such transactions are principally purchases or sales of materials and are denominated in European currencies, the Chinese yuan or the U.S., Canadian or Australian dollar. We use foreign currency forward exchange contracts from time to time to manage the risks related to intercompany loans, intercompany purchases and intercompany sales that occur during the course of a year, and certain open foreign currency denominated commitments to sell products to third parties. We have entered into forward exchange contracts which hedge approximately 80% to 85% of the forecasted intercompany purchases between one of our Canadian subsidiaries and our U.S. operating subsidiaries for the next twelve months. We record the effective portion of the designated foreign currency hedge contracts in other comprehensive (loss) income until inventory turns and is sold to a third-party. Once the third-party transaction associated with the hedged forecasted transaction occurs, the effective portion of any related gain or loss on the designated foreign currency hedge is reclassified into cost of goods sold within earnings. The fair value of the Company’s designated foreign hedge contracts outstanding as of September 28, 2025 was a liability of less than $0.1 million.

Under the Credit Agreement, our earnings and cash flows are exposed to fluctuations in interest payments related to our floating rate debt. In order to manage our exposure, we entered into an interest rate swap on March 30, 2021. Under the interest rate swap agreement, we received the one-month USD-LIBOR subject to a 0.00% floor and paid a fixed rate of 1.02975% on a notional amount of $100.0 million. On August 2, 2022, we amended the interest rate swap to replace LIBOR as a reference rate for borrowings with Term SOFR. Under the amended interest rate swap agreement, we receive the one-month Term SOFR subject to a -0.1% floor and pay a fixed rate of 0.942% on a notional amount of $100.0 million. We entered into an additional interest rate swap on October 23, 2023, as part of the acquisition of Bradley. Under the interest rate swap agreement, we receive the one-month Term SOFR subject to a -0.1% floor and pay a fixed rate of 4.844% on a notional amount of $100.0 million. Both swaps mature on March 30, 2026. Information about our long-term debt facility and related interest rates appears in Note 11 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

We purchase significant amounts of bronze ingot, brass rod, cast iron, stainless steel and plastic, which are utilized in manufacturing our many product lines. Our operating results can be adversely affected by changes in commodity prices, including tariffs, if we are unable to pass on related price increases to our customers. We manage this risk by monitoring related market prices, working with our suppliers to achieve the maximum level of stability in their costs and related pricing, seeking alternative supply sources when necessary and passing increases in commodity costs to our customers, to the maximum extent possible, when they occur.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As required by Rule 13a-15(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or Exchange Act, as of the end of the period covered by this report, we carried out an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures. In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, we recognize that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and our management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating and implementing possible controls and procedures. The effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures is also necessarily limited by the staff and other resources available to us and the geographic diversity of our operations. Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective, in that they provided reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms and are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

In the second quarter of 2025, we began the implementation of a new global enterprise resource planning (“ERP”) system. The implementation is expected to occur in phases over the next several years and will replace many of our legacy ERP systems. The ERP system is designed to, among other things, streamline and enhance the Company’s operational, financial and accounting processes through a comprehensive, integrated solution. During the third quarter of 2025, we made changes to our internal control over financial reporting to address processes impacted by the ERP system implementation.

As the phased implementation of the new ERP system continues, we will have additional changes to our processes and procedures which, in turn, will result in additional changes to our internal control over financial reporting. As such changes occur, we will evaluate quarterly whether such changes materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.

Other than the above-noted changes, there was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the third quarter ended September 28, 2025, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. We will continue to review and document our disclosure controls and procedures, including our internal control over financial reporting, and may from time to time make changes aimed at enhancing their effectiveness and to ensure that our systems evolve with our business.

There have been no material changes to the risk factors included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.