Home Federal Bancorp, Inc. of Louisiana: Form 10-K for the period ended Jun 30, 2025

Home Federal Bancorp, Inc. of Louisiana, a Louisiana chartered corporation (“Home Federal Bancorp” or the “Company”), is the holding company for Home Federal Bank (“Home Federal Bank” or the “Bank”). Home Federal Bank is a federally chartered stock savings bank originally organized in 1924 as Home Building and Loan Association. The Bank reorganized into the mutual holding company structure in January 2005 and changed its name to “Home Federal Bank” in 2009 as part of its business strategy to be recognized as a community bank. Home Federal Bank’s home office and ten full service branch offices are located in Caddo, Bossier and Webster Parishes, Louisiana and serve the Shreveport-Bossier City-Minden combined statistical area. In February 2023, the Bank acquired First National Bank of Benton and its full service branch office in Benton, Louisiana. Home Federal Bank’s business primarily consists of attracting deposits from the general public and using those funds to originate loans.

As of June 30, 2025, Home Federal Bancorp’s only business activities are to hold all of the outstanding common stock of Home Federal Bank. Home Federal Bancorp is authorized to pursue other business activities permitted by applicable laws and regulations for savings and loan holding companies, which may include the issuance of additional shares of common stock to raise capital or to support mergers or acquisitions and borrowing funds for reinvestment in Home Federal Bank.

Home Federal Bancorp does not own or lease any property but instead uses the premises, equipment, and furniture of Home Federal Bank. At the present time, Home Federal Bancorp employs only persons who are officers of Home Federal Bank to serve as officers of Home Federal Bancorp and may also use the support staff of Home Federal Bank from time to time. These other persons are not separately compensated by Home Federal Bancorp.

Pursuant to the regulations under Sections 23A and 23B of the Federal Reserve Act, Home Federal Bank and Home Federal Bancorp have entered into an expense sharing agreement. Under this agreement, Home Federal Bancorp will reimburse Home Federal Bank for the time that employees of Home Federal Bank devote to activities of Home Federal Bancorp, the portion of the expense of the annual independent audit attributable to Home Federal Bancorp, and all expenses attributable to Home Federal Bancorp’s public filing obligations under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

Market Area

Our primary market area for loans and deposits is in northwest Louisiana, particularly Caddo Parish and neighboring communities in Bossier and Webster Parishes, which are located in the Shreveport-Bossier City-Minden combined statistical area.

Our primary market area in northern Louisiana has a diversified economy with employment in services, government, and wholesale/retail trade constituting the basis of the local economy, with service jobs being the largest component. The majority of the services are health care related as Shreveport has become a regional hub for health care. The casino gaming industry also supports a significant number of the service jobs. The energy sector has a prominent role in the regional economy, resulting from oil and gas exploration and drilling.

Competition. We face significant competition both in attracting deposits and in making loans. Our most direct competition for deposits has come historically from commercial banks, credit unions, and other savings institutions located in our primary market area, including many large financial institutions which have greater financial and marketing resources available to them. In addition, we face significant competition for investors’ funds from short-term money market securities, mutual funds, and other corporate and government securities. We do not rely upon any individual group or entity for a material portion of our deposits. Our ability to attract and retain deposits depends on our ability to generally provide a rate of return, liquidity, and risk comparable to that offered by competing investment opportunities.

Our competition for real estate loans comes principally from mortgage banking companies, commercial banks, other savings institutions, and credit unions. We compete for loan originations primarily through the interest rates and loan fees we charge and the efficiency and quality of services we provide borrowers. Factors which affect competition include general and local economic conditions, current interest rate levels, and volatility in the mortgage markets. Competition may increase as a result of the continuing reduction of restrictions on the interstate operations of financial institutions.

Lending Activities

General. At June 30, 2025, our net loan portfolio amounted to $461.0 million, representing approximately 75.64% of total assets at that date. Historically, our principal lending activity was the origination of one-to-four family residential loans. At June 30, 2025, one-to-four family residential loans amounted to $175.0 million, or 37.59% of the total loan portfolio. We have sold a substantial amount of our fixed-rate conforming one-to-four family residential loans to correspondent banks. Commercial real estate loans amounted to $138.9 million, or 29.84% of the total loan portfolio, at June 30, 2025.

The types of loans that we may originate are subject to federal and state laws and regulations. Interest rates charged on loans are affected principally by the demand for such loans, the supply of money available for lending purposes, and the rates offered by our competitors. These factors are, in turn, affected by general and economic conditions, the monetary policy of the federal government, including the Federal Reserve Board, legislative and tax policies, and governmental budgetary matters.

A savings institution generally may not make loans to one borrower and related entities in an amount which exceeds 15% of its unimpaired capital and surplus, although loans in an amount equal to an additional 10% of unimpaired capital and surplus may be made to a borrower, if the loans are fully secured by readily marketable securities. In addition, upon application, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency permits a savings institution to lend up to an additional 15% of unimpaired capital and surplus to one borrower to develop domestic residential housing units. At June 30, 2025, our regulatory limit on loans to one borrower was $9.6 million, and the five largest loans or groups of loans to one borrower, including related entities, aggregated $5.6 million, $5.4 million, $5.2 million, $5.2 million, and $4.9 million. Each of our five largest loans or groups of loans was originated with strong guarantor support to known borrowers in our market area and was performing in accordance with its terms at June 30, 2025.

Loans to or guaranteed by general obligations of a state or political subdivision are not subject to the foregoing lending limits.

Loan Portfolio Composition. The following table shows the composition of our loan portfolio by type of loan at the dates indicated.

(Dollars in thousands)

(1) Does not include loans held-for-sale amounting to $1.5 million and $1.7 million at June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Origination of Loans. Our lending activities are subject to written underwriting standards and loan origination procedures established by the board of directors and management. When applicable, loans originated are also subject to the underwriting standards of Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, HUD, VA, USDA, and correspondent banks that purchase loans we originate. Loan originations are obtained through a variety of sources, primarily from existing customers, local realtors, and builders. Written loan applications are taken by one of our loan officers. The loan officer also supervises the procurement of credit reports, income and asset documentation, and other documentation involved with a loan. All appraisals are ordered through an approved appraisal management company in compliance with the Dodd-Frank Consumer Protection Act. Under our lending policy, a title insurance policy is required on most mortgage loans, with the exception of certain smaller loan amounts where our policy requires a title opinion only. We also require fire and extended coverage casualty insurance in order to protect the properties securing the real estate loans. Borrowers must also obtain flood insurance policies when the property is in a flood hazard area.

Our loan approval process is intended to assess the borrower’s ability to repay the loan, the viability of the loan, and the value of the property that will secure the loan. All residential loans originated for sale to FNMA or other investor banks that receive an Approve-Eligible recommendation on the automated underwriting feedback certificate that is applicable for each loan type must be approved by a Bank mortgage underwriter. Loans that do not receive an Approve-Eligible recommendation must be approved by a Bank mortgage underwriter and the Senior Vice President of Mortgage. In addition, all loans originated to be held on the Bank’s portfolio must be approved by a Bank mortgage underwriter and the Senior Vice President of Mortgage for loans up to $500,000, and for loans up to $1.0 million by the Senior Credit Officer. Commercial real estate secured loans and lines of credit and commercial business loans up to $1.0 million must be approved by the Senior Credit Officer or the Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer, up to $2.0 million by the Senior Credit Officer and the Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer, and in excess of $2.0 million by the Executive Committee. In accordance with past practice, all loans are ratified by our board of directors.

In recent periods, we have originated and sold a substantial amount of our fixed-rate conforming mortgages to correspondent banks. For the year ended June 30, 2025, we originated $43.2 million of one-to-four family residential loans and sold $18.3 million of such loans. Our residential loan originations primarily consist of conventional, rural development, FHA, and VA loans.

The following table shows total loans originated, sold, and repaid during the periods indicated.

(In thousands)

(1) Other items consist of deferred loan fees, the allowance for credit losses, loans transferred to other real estate owned, and mark to market amortization for purchased loans.

(2) Includes net change of loans held for sale

Although federal laws and regulations permit savings institutions to originate and purchase loans secured by real estate located throughout the United States, we concentrate our lending activity in our primary market area in Caddo, Bossier and Webster Parishes, Louisiana and the surrounding area. Subject to our loans-to-one borrower limitation, we are permitted to invest without limitation in residential mortgage loans and up to 400% of our capital in loans secured by non-residential or commercial real estate. We also may invest in secured and unsecured consumer loans in an amount not exceeding 35% of total assets. This 35% limitation may be exceeded for certain types of consumer loans, such as home equity and property improvement loans secured by residential real property. In addition, we may invest up to 10% of our total assets in secured and unsecured loans for commercial, corporate, business, or agricultural purposes. At June 30, 2025, we were within each of the above lending limits.

During fiscal 2025 and 2024, we sold $18.3 million and $16.0 million of loans, respectively. We recognized gain on sale of loans of $384,000 and $265,000 during fiscal 2025 and 2024, respectively. Loans were sold during these periods primarily to other financial institutions. Such loans were sold against forward sales commitments with servicing released and without recourse after a certain period of time, typically 90 days. The loans sold primarily consisted of long-term, fixed rate residential real estate loans. We will continue to sell loans in the future to the extent we believe the interest rate environment is unfavorable and interest rate risk is unacceptable.

Contractual Terms to Final Maturities. The following table shows the scheduled contractual maturities of our loans as of June 30, 2025, before giving effect to net items. Demand loans, loans having no stated schedule of repayments and no stated maturity, and overdrafts are reported as due in one year or less. The amounts shown below do not take into account loan prepayments.

(In thousands)

The following table sets forth the dollar amount of all loans at June 30, 2025, before net items, due after June 30, 2026, which have fixed interest rates or which have floating or adjustable interest rates.

(In thousands)

Scheduled contractual maturities of loans do not necessarily reflect the actual expected term of the loan portfolio. The average life of mortgage loans is substantially less than their average contractual terms because of prepayments. The average life of mortgage loans tends to increase when current mortgage loan rates are higher than rates on existing mortgage loans and, conversely, decrease when rates on current mortgage loans are lower than existing mortgage loan rates (due to refinancing of adjustable-rate and fixed-rate loans at lower rates). Under the latter circumstance, the weighted average yield on loans decreases as higher yielding loans are repaid or refinanced at lower rates.

One-to-Four Family Residential Real Estate Loans. As of June 30, 2025, one-to-four family residential loans were $175.0 million, or 37.59%, of the total loan portfolio, before net items.

The loan-to-value ratios, maturities, and other provisions of the loans made by us generally have reflected the policy of making less than the maximum loan permissible under applicable regulations, in accordance with sound lending practices, market conditions, and underwriting standards established by us. Our current lending policy on one-to-four family residential loans generally limits the maximum loan-to-value ratio to 90% or less of the appraised value of the property, although we will lend up to a 100% loan-to-value ratio with private mortgage insurance. These loans are amortized on a monthly basis with principal and interest due each month, terms not in excess of 30 years, and generally include “due-on-sale” clauses.

At June 30, 2025, $118.7 million, or 67.85%, of our one-to-four family residential mortgage loans were fixed-rate loans. Fixed-rate loans generally have maturities ranging from 15 to 30 years and are fully amortizing with monthly loan payments sufficient to repay the total amount of the loan with interest by the end of the loan term. Our fixed-rate loans generally are originated under terms, conditions, and documentation which permit them to be sold to U.S. Government-sponsored agencies, such as the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation and other investors in the secondary mortgage market. Consistent with our asset/liability management, we have sold a significant portion of our long-term, fixed rate loans. Servicing is released on all loans sold.

Although we offer adjustable rate loans, substantially all of the single-family loan originations over the last few years have consisted of fixed-rate loans due to the low interest rate environment. The adjustable-rate loans held in portfolio typically have interest rates which adjust on an annual basis. These loans generally have an annual cap of 1% on any increase or decrease and a cap of 6% above or below the initial rate over the life of the loan. Such loans are underwritten based on the initial rate plus 2%. At June 30, 2025, $56.3 million, or 32.15%, of our one-to-four family residential mortgage loans were adjustable rate loans.

Commercial Real Estate Secured Loans. As of June 30, 2025, loans secured by commercial real estate were $138.9 million, or 29.84% of the total loan portfolio, before net items. Of those loans, $85.8 million, or 61.73%, were owner occupied. It is the current policy of Home Federal Bank to lend in a first lien position on real property occupied as a commercial business property. Home Federal Bank offers fixed and variable rate commercial real estate loans. Home Federal Bank’s commercial real estate loans are limited to a maximum of 85% of the appraised value and have terms up to 15 years, however, the terms are generally no more than five years with amortization periods of 20 years or less. It is our policy that commercial real estate secured lines of credit are limited to a maximum of 85% of the appraised value of the property and shall not exceed three to five year amortizations.

Multi-Family Residential Loans. As of June 30, 2025, multi-family residential loans were $32.3 million, or 6.93%, of the total loan portfolio, before net items. Our multi-family residential loan portfolio includes income producing properties of five or more units and low income housing developments. We obtain personal guarantees on all properties other than those of the public housing authority for which they are not permitted.

Commercial Business Loans. As of June 30, 2025, non-real estate secured commercial loans were $54.1 million, or 11.63%, of the total loan portfolio, before net items. The business lending products we offer include lines of credit, inventory financing, and equipment loans. Commercial business loans and lines of credit carry more credit risk than other types of commercial loans. We attempt to limit such risk by making loans predominantly to small- and mid-sized businesses located within our market area and having the loans personally guaranteed by the principals involved. We have established underwriting standards in regard to business loans which set forth the criteria for sources of repayment, borrower’s capacity to repay, specific financial and collateral margins, and financial enhancements such as guarantees. The primary source of repayment is cash flow from the business and the general financial strength of the borrower.

Land Loans. As of June 30, 2025, land loans were $30.1 million, or 6.45%, of the total loan portfolio, before net items. Land loans include land which has been acquired for the purpose of development and unimproved land. Our loan policy provides for loan-to-value ratios of 50% for unimproved land loans. Land loans are originated with fixed rates and terms up to five years with longer amortizations. Although land loans generally are considered to have greater credit risk than certain other types of loans, we expect to mitigate such risk by requiring personal guarantees and identifying other secondary sources of repayment for the land loan other than the sale of the collateral. It is our practice to only originate a limited amount of loans for speculative development to borrowers with whom our lenders have a prior relationship.

Construction Loans. As of June 30, 2025, construction loans were $11.2 million, or 2.41%, of the total loan portfolio, before net items. These included loans for the construction of residential and commercial property. Our residential construction loans typically have terms of six to twelve months with a takeout letter from Home Federal for the permanent mortgage. Our commercial construction loans include owner occupied commercial properties, pre-sold property, and speculative office property. As of June 30, 2025, we held $940,000 of speculative construction loans.

Home Equity and Second Mortgage Loans. As of June 30, 2025, home equity and second mortgage loans were $2.5 million, or 0.54%, of the total loan portfolio, before net items. These loans are secured by the underlying equity in the borrower’s residence. We do not require that we hold the first mortgage on the properties that secure the second mortgage loans. The amount of our second mortgage loans generally cannot exceed a loan-to-value ratio of 90% after taking into consideration the first mortgage loan. These loans are typically three-to-five year balloon loans with fixed rates and terms that will not exceed 10 years and contain an on-demand clause that allows us to call the loan in at any time.

Equity Lines of Credit. As of June 30, 2025, lines of credit secured by a borrower’s equity in real estate were $20.4 million, or 4.37%, of the total loan portfolio, before net items. The unused portion of equity lines was $13.1 million at June 30, 2025. The rates and terms of such lines of credit depend on the history and income of the borrower, purpose of the loan, and collateral. Lines of credit will not exceed 90% of the value of the equity in the collateral.

Consumer Non-Real Estate Loans. We are authorized to make loans for a wide variety of personal or consumer purposes. We originate consumer loans primarily in order to accommodate our customers. The consumer loans at June 30, 2025 consist of loans secured by deposit accounts with us, automobile loans, overdraft, and other unsecured loans.

Consumer non-real estate loans generally have shorter terms and higher interest rates than residential mortgage loans and generally entail greater credit risk than residential mortgage loans, particularly those loans secured by assets that depreciate rapidly, such as automobiles, boats, and recreational vehicles. In such cases, repossessed collateral for a defaulted consumer loan may not provide an adequate source of repayment for the outstanding loan, and the remaining deficiency often does not warrant further substantial collection efforts against the borrower. In particular, amounts realizable on the sale of repossessed automobiles may be significantly reduced based upon the condition of the automobiles and the fluctuating demand for used automobiles.

We offer loans secured by deposit accounts held with us. These loans amounted to $381,000, or 0.08% of the total loan portfolio, before net items, at June 30, 2025. Such loans are originated for up to 100% of the account balance, with a hold placed on the account restricting the withdrawal of the account balance. The interest rate on the loan is equal to the interest rate paid on the account plus 2%. These loans typically are payable on demand with a maturity date of one year.

Loan Origination and Other Fees. In addition to interest earned on loans, we generally receive loan origination fees or “points” for originating loans. Loan points are a percentage of the principal amount of the mortgage loan and are charged to the borrower in connection with the origination of the loan. In accordance with accounting guidance, loan origination fees and points are deferred and amortized into income as an adjustment of yield over the life of the loan.

Asset Quality

General. During fiscal 2025 our annual review commenced in August 2024 and was completed in October 2024. Our next annual review is tentatively scheduled for January 2026. The scope of the services provided included testing of credit underwriting, adherence to our loan policies, as well as regulatory policies, and recommendations regarding reserve allocations. We expect these reviews will be done roughly every twelve to eighteen months.

Our collection procedures provide that when a loan is 10 days past due personal contact efforts are attempted, either in person or by telephone. At 15 days past due, a late charge notice is sent to the borrower requesting payment. If the loan is still past due at 30 days, a formal letter is sent to the borrower stating that the loan is past due and that legal action, including foreclosure proceedings, may be necessary. If a loan becomes 60 days past due and no progress has been made in resolving the delinquency, a collection letter from legal counsel is sent and personal contact is attempted. When a loan continues in a delinquent status for 90 days or more, and a repayment schedule has not been made or kept by the borrower, generally a notice of intent to foreclose is sent to the borrower. If the delinquency is not cured, foreclosure proceedings are initiated. In most cases, deficiencies are cured promptly. While we generally prefer to work with borrowers to resolve such problems, we will institute foreclosure or other collection proceedings, when necessary, to minimize any potential loss.

Loans are placed on non-accrual status when management believes the probability of collection of interest is doubtful. When a loan is placed on non-accrual status, previously accrued but unpaid interest is deducted from interest income. We generally discontinue the accrual of interest income when the loan becomes 90 days past due, as to principal or interest, unless the credit is well secured and we believe we will fully collect.

Real estate and other assets we acquire as a result of foreclosure or by deed-in-lieu of foreclosure are classified as real estate owned until sold. At June 30, 2025, we had $970,000 in other real estate owned consisting of one single family residence compared to $418,000 of real estate owned at June 30, 2024 consisting of two single family residences.

Delinquent Loans. The following table shows the delinquencies in our loan portfolio as of the dates indicated.

(Dollars in thousands)

8

Non-Performing Assets. The following table shows the amounts of our non-performing assets (defined as non-accruing loans, accruing loans 90 days or more past due, and real estate owned) at the dates indicated.

(Dollars in thousands)

(1) Non-performing loans consist of non-accruing loans plus accruing loans 90 days or more past due.

(2) Troubled debt restructurings and modified loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty are not included in non-accruing loans and accruing loans 90 days or more past due.

At June 30, 2025, the Company had $3.3 million of non-performing assets (defined as non-accruing loans, accruing loans 90 days or more past due, and other real estate owned) compared to $1.9 million of non-performing assets at June 30, 2024, consisting of six one-to-four family residential loans, two home equity loans, three commercial non-real estate loans, two commercial real-estate loans and one single-family residence in other real estate owned at June 30, 2025, compared to five one-to-four family residential loans, four home equity loans, three commercial non-real estate loans, and two single-family residences in other real estate owned at June 30, 2024.

Classified Assets. Federal regulations require that each insured savings institution classify its assets on a regular basis and the amount of its valuation allowance is subject to review by Federal bank regulators. There are three classifications for problem assets: “substandard”, “doubtful”, and “loss”. Substandard assets have one or more defined weaknesses and are characterized by the distinct possibility that the insured institution will sustain some loss, if the deficiencies are not corrected. Doubtful assets have the weaknesses of substandard assets with the additional characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values questionable, and there is a higher possibility of loss. An asset classified as loss is considered uncollectible and of such little value that continuance as an asset of the institution is not warranted. Another category designated “special mention” also must be established and maintained for assets which do not currently expose an insured institution to a sufficient degree of risk to warrant classification as substandard, doubtful, or loss. Assets classified as substandard or doubtful require the institution to establish general allowances for loan losses. If an asset, or portion thereof, is classified as loss, the insured institution must either establish specific allowances for loan losses in the amount of 100% of the portion of the asset classified loss, or charge-off such amount. General loss allowances established to cover possible losses related to assets classified substandard or doubtful may be included in determining an institution’s regulatory capital, while specific valuation allowances for loan losses do not qualify as regulatory capital. Federal examiners may disagree with an insured institution’s classifications and amounts reserved. At June 30, 2025, we had $4.5 million in classified assets. At June 30, 2025 the Company had eight one-to-four family residential loans, two home equity loans, five commercial non-real-estate loans, two commercial real-estate loans, and one consumer loan classified as substandard. There were no loans classified as doubtful or loss at June 30, 2025. There were four one-to-four family residential mortgage loans, eleven commercial non-real estate loans, one home equity loan, and one consumer loan designated as special mention at June 30, 2025.

Allowance for Credit Losses. At June 30, 2025, our allowance for credit losses amounted to $4.5 million. The Company has elected to exclude accrued interest receivable from the measurement of its allowance for credit losses. When a loan is placed on non-accrual status, any outstanding accrued interest is reversed against interest income. The allowance for credit losses for loans is an estimate of the expected losses to be realized over the life of the loans in the portfolio. Management estimates the allowance balance using relevant available information from internal and external sources relating to past events, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Adjustments to historical loss information are made to incorporate our reasonable and supportable forecast of future losses at the portfolio segment level, as well as any necessary qualitative adjustments, including, but not limited to, changes in current and expected future economic conditions, changes in industry experience and industry loan concentrations, changes in the volume and severity of nonperforming assets, changes in lending policies and personnel and changes in the competitive and regulatory environment of the banking industry. Loans that do not share similar risk characteristics are individually evaluated and are excluded from the pooled loan analysis.

While management believes that it determines the size of the allowance based on the best information available at the time, the allowance will need to be adjusted as circumstances change and assumptions are updated. Future adjustments to the allowance could significantly affect net income.

The following table shows changes in our allowance for credit losses during the periods presented. We had $323,000 and $1.0 million of loan charge-offs during fiscal 2025 and 2024, respectively. Bad debt recoveries amounted to $359,000 and $13,000 during fiscal 2025 and 2024, respectively.

(Dollars in thousands)

(1) Does not include loans held for sale.

(2) Includes loans held for sale.

The following table shows how our allowance for credit losses is allocated by type of loan at each of the dates indicated.

(Dollars in thousands)

Investment Securities

We have authority to invest in various types of securities, including mortgage-backed securities, U.S. Treasury obligations, securities of various federal agencies and of state and municipal governments, certificates of deposit at federally insured banks and savings institutions, certain bankers’ acceptances, and federal funds. Our investment strategy is established by the board of directors.

The following table sets forth certain information relating to our investment securities portfolio at the dates indicated.

(In thousands)

11

The following table sets forth the amount of investment securities which contractually mature during each of the periods indicated and the weighted average yields for each range of maturities at June 30, 2025. The amounts reflect the fair value of our securities at June 30, 2025.

(Dollars in thousands)

(1) None of the listed equity securities has a stated maturity.

Our investment in equity securities consists primarily of FHLB stock and shares of First National Bankers Bankshares, Inc. (“FNBB”). Management monitors its investment portfolio to determine whether any investment securities which have unrealized losses should be considered other than temporarily impaired.

Mortgage-backed securities represent a participation interest in a pool of one-to-four family or multi-family mortgages. The mortgage originators use intermediaries (generally U.S. Government agencies and government-sponsored enterprises) to pool and repackage the participation interests in the form of securities, with investors receiving the principal and interest payments on the mortgages. Such U.S. Government agencies and government-sponsored enterprises guarantee the payment of principal and interest to investors.

Mortgage-backed securities are typically issued with stated principal amounts, and the securities are backed by pools of mortgages that have loans with interest rates that are within a range and have varying maturities. The underlying pool of mortgages, i.e., fixed-rate or adjustable-rate, as well as prepayment risk, are passed on to the certificate holder. The life of a mortgage-backed pass-through security approximates the life of the underlying mortgages.

Our mortgage-backed securities consist of Ginnie Mae securities (“GNMA”), Freddie Mac securities (“FHLMC”), and Fannie Mae securities (“FNMA”). Ginnie Mae is a government agency within the Department of Housing and Urban Development, which is intended to help finance government-assisted housing programs. Ginnie Mae securities are backed by loans insured by the Federal Housing Administration or guaranteed by the Veterans Administration. The timely payment of principal and interest on Ginnie Mae securities is guaranteed by Ginnie Mae and backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government. Freddie Mac is a private corporation chartered by the U.S. Government. Freddie Mac issues participation certificates backed principally by conventional mortgage loans. Freddie Mac guarantees the timely payment of interest and the ultimate return of principal on participation certificates. Fannie Mae is a private corporation chartered by the U.S. Congress with a mandate to establish a secondary market for mortgage loans. Fannie Mae guarantees the timely payment of principal and interest on Fannie Mae securities. Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae securities are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government. In September 2008, the Federal Housing Finance Agency was appointed as conservator of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. The U.S. Department of the Treasury agreed to provide capital, as needed, to ensure that Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac continue to provide liquidity to the housing and mortgage markets.

Mortgage-backed securities generally yield less than the loans which underlie such securities because of their payment guarantees or credit enhancements, which offer nominal credit risk. In addition, mortgage-backed securities are more liquid than individual mortgage loans and may be used to collateralize our borrowings or other obligations.

The following table sets forth the composition of our mortgage-backed securities portfolio at fair value at each of the dates indicated. The amounts reflect the fair value of our mortgage-backed securities at June 30, 2025 and 2024.

(In thousands)

Information regarding the contractual maturities and weighted average yield of our mortgage-backed securities portfolio at June 30, 2025 is presented below. Due to repayments of the underlying loans, the actual maturities of mortgage-backed securities generally are substantially less than the scheduled maturities. The amounts reflect the fair value of our mortgage-backed securities at June 30, 2025.

(In thousands)

The following table sets forth the purchases, sales, and principal repayments of our mortgage-backed securities during the periods indicated.

(Dollars in thousands)

13

Sources of Funds

General. Deposits are our primary source of funds for lending and other investment purposes. In addition to deposits, principal and interest payments on loans and investment securities are a source of funds. Loan repayments are a relatively stable source of funds, while deposit inflows and outflows are significantly influenced by general interest rates and money market conditions. Borrowings may also be used on a short-term basis to compensate for reductions in the availability of funds from other sources and on a longer-term basis for general business purposes.

Deposits. We attract deposits principally from residents of Louisiana and particularly from Caddo, Webster, and Bossier Parishes. Deposit account terms vary, with the principal differences being the minimum balance required, the time periods the funds must remain on deposit, and the interest rate. At June 30, 2025 and 2024, we had no balances in brokered deposits.

We establish interest rates paid, maturity terms, service fees, and withdrawal penalties on a periodic basis. Management determines the rates and terms based on rates paid by competitors, the need for funds or liquidity, growth goals, and federal regulations. We attempt to control the flow of deposits by pricing our accounts to remain generally competitive with other financial institutions in the market area.

The following table shows the distribution of, and certain other information relating to, our deposits by type of deposit, as of the dates indicated.

(Dollars in thousands)

14

The following table shows the average balance of each type of deposit and the average rate paid on each type of deposit for the periods indicated.

(Dollars in thousands)

The following table shows our deposit flows during the periods indicated.

(In thousands)

The following table presents, by various interest rate categories and maturities, the amount of certificates of deposit at June 30, 2025.

(In thousands)

The following table shows the maturities of our certificates of deposit in excess of the FDIC insurance limit (generally, $250,000) at June 30, 2025 by time remaining to maturity.

(Dollars in thousands)

15

Borrowings. We may obtain advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Dallas upon the security of the common stock we own in that bank and certain of our residential mortgage loans and mortgage-backed and other investment securities, provided certain standards related to creditworthiness have been met. These advances are made pursuant to several credit programs, each of which has its own interest rate and range of maturities. Federal Home Loan Bank advances are generally available to meet seasonal and other withdrawals of deposit accounts and to permit increased lending.

As of June 30, 2025, we were permitted to borrow up to an aggregate total of $56.4 million from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Dallas. We had no Federal Home Loan Bank advances outstanding at June 30, 2025 or June 30, 2024. Additionally, at June 30, 2025, Home Federal Bank was a party to a Master Purchase Agreement with First National Bankers Bank whereby Home Federal Bank may purchase Federal Funds from First National Bankers Bank in an amount not to exceed $20.4 million. There were no amounts purchased under this agreement as of June 30, 2025. At June 30, 2025, Home Federal Bancorp had a $4.0 million outstanding loan with First National Bankers Bank, which matures on February 5, 2034. The loan is secured by Home Federal Bank’s common stock and bears interest at the Prime Rate, which is subject to change when adjustments are made to Wall Street Journal Prime.

The following table shows certain information regarding our borrowings at or for the dates indicated:

(Dollars in thousands)

At June 30, 2025, we had no outstanding advances from the Federal Home Bank of Dallas.

Subsidiaries

At June 30, 2025, the Company had one subsidiary, Home Federal Bank. The Bank’s only subsidiary at such date was Metro Financial Services, Inc., which previously engaged in the sale of annuity contracts and does not currently engage in a meaningful amount of business.

Employees

Home Federal Bank had 67 full-time employees and 9 part-time employees at June 30, 2025. None of these employees are covered by a collective bargaining agreement, and we believe that we enjoy good relations with our personnel.

REGULATION

Regulation of Home Federal Bancorp

Home Federal Bancorp, a Louisiana corporation, is a registered savings and loan holding company within the meaning of Section 10 of the Home Owners’ Loan Act and is subject to regulation, examination and supervision by the Federal Reserve Board, as well as certain reporting requirements. In addition, the Federal Reserve Board has enforcement authority over Home Federal Bancorp and its non-savings institution subsidiaries which also permits the Federal Reserve Board to restrict or prohibit activities that are determined to present a serious risk to Home Federal Bank.

Holding Company Activities. Home Federal Bancorp is a unitary savings and loan holding company under the Home Owners’ Loan Act, as amended. Federal law generally prohibits a savings and loan holding company, without prior approval of the Federal Reserve Board, from acquiring the ownership or control of any other savings institution or savings and loan holding company, or all, or substantially all, of the assets, or more than 5% of the voting shares of the savings institution or savings and loan holding company. These provisions also prohibit, among other things, any director or officer of a savings and loan holding company, or any individual who owns or controls more than 25% of the voting shares of such holding company, from acquiring control of any savings institution not a subsidiary of such savings and loan holding company, unless the acquisition is approved by the Federal Reserve Board.

The Federal Reserve Board may not approve any acquisition that would result in a multiple savings and loan holding company controlling a savings institutions in more than one state, subject to two exceptions: (i) the approval of interstate supervisory acquisitions by savings and loan holding companies and (ii) the acquisition of a savings institution in another state, if the laws of the state of the target savings institution specifically permit such acquisitions. The states vary in the extent to which they permit interstate savings and loan holding company acquisitions.

In evaluating applications by savings and loan holding companies to acquire savings institutions, the Federal Reserve Board must consider the financial and managerial resources and future prospects of the company and institution involved, the effect of the acquisition on the risk to the insurance funds, the convenience and needs of the community, competitive factors, and other factors. The Federal Reserve Board has long set forth in its regulations its “source of strength” policy, which requires bank holding companies to act as a source of strength to their subsidiary depository institutions by providing capital, liquidity and other support in times of financial stress. This policy now also applies to savings and loan holding companies.

The Federal Reserve Board has promulgated consolidated capital requirements for depository institution holding companies that are no less stringent, both quantitatively and in terms of components of capital, than those applicable to their subsidiary depository institutions, including a community bank leverage ratio alternative. However, holding companies with less than $3.0 billion of consolidated assets, such as Home Federal Bancorp, are generally not subject to consolidated capital requirements unless otherwise advised by the FRB.

The Federal Reserve Board has issued a policy statement regarding the payment of dividends and the repurchase of shares of common stock by bank holding companies that is applicable to savings and loan holding companies as well. In general, the policy provides that dividends should be paid only out of current earnings and only if the prospective rate of earnings retention by the holding company appears consistent with the organization’s capital needs, asset quality and overall financial condition. Regulatory guidance provides for prior regulatory consultation with respect to capital distributions in certain circumstances such as where the company’s net income for the past four quarters, net of dividends previously paid over that period, is insufficient to fully fund the dividend or the company’s overall rate of earnings retention is inconsistent with the company’s capital needs and overall financial condition. The ability of a holding company to pay dividends may be restricted if a subsidiary bank becomes undercapitalized. The policy statement also provides for regulatory consultation prior to a holding company redeeming or repurchasing regulatory capital instruments when the holding company is experiencing financial weaknesses or redeeming or repurchasing common stock or perpetual preferred stock that would result in a net reduction as of the end of a quarter in the amount of such equity instruments outstanding compared with the beginning of the quarter in which the redemption or repurchase occurred. These regulatory policies could affect the ability of Home Federal Bancorp to pay dividends, repurchase shares of common stock or otherwise engage in capital distributions.

All savings institution subsidiaries of savings and loan holding companies like Home Federal Bank are required to meet a qualified thrift lender, or QTL, test to avoid certain restrictions on their operations. If the subsidiary savings institution fails to meet the QTL, as discussed below, then the savings and loan holding company must register with the Federal Reserve Board as a bank holding company, unless the savings institution requalifies as a QTL within one year thereafter.

Federal Securities Laws. Home Federal Bancorp registered its common stock with the Securities and Exchange Commission under Section 12(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Home Federal Bancorp is subject to the proxy and tender offer rules, insider trading reporting requirements and restrictions, and certain other requirements under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

Volcker Rule Regulations. Regulations have been adopted by the federal banking agencies to implement the provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act, commonly referred to as the Volcker Rule. The regulations contain prohibitions and restrictions on the ability of financial institutions holding companies and their affiliates to engage in proprietary trading and to hold certain interests in, or to have certain relationships with, various types of investment funds, including hedge funds and private equity funds. However, federal regulations exclude from the Volcker Rule restrictions community banks with $10 billion or less in total consolidated assets and total trading assets and liabilities of five percent or less of total consolidated assets. Home Federal Bancorp qualifies for the exclusion from the Volcker Rule restrictions.

Regulation of Home Federal Bank

General. Home Federal Bank is subject to the regulation of the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, as its primary federal regulator, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, as the insurer of its deposit accounts, and, to a limited extent, the Federal Reserve Board.

Insurance of Accounts. The deposits of Home Federal Bank are insured up to $250,000 per separately insured deposit ownership right or category by the Deposit Insurance Fund of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government. As insurer, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation is authorized to conduct examinations of and to require reporting by insured institutions. It also may prohibit any insured institution from engaging in any activity determined by regulation or order to pose a serious threat to the Deposit Insurance Fund of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation also has the authority to initiate enforcement actions against savings institutions after giving the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency an opportunity to take such action. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation assesses deposit insurance premiums on each insured institution. Under the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation’s risk-based assessment system, institutions deemed less risky pay lower assessments. Assessments for institutions of less than $10 billion of assets are now based on financial measures and supervisory ratings derived from statistical modeling estimating the probability of an institution’s failure within three years.

The Dodd-Frank Act required the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation to revise its procedures to base assessments upon each insured institution’s total assets less tangible equity instead of deposits. The current assessment range (inclusive of possible adjustments) for insured institutions of less than $10 billion of total assets is 2.5 basis points to 32 basis points. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation has authority to further increase insurance assessments; and therefore management cannot predict what insurance assessment rates will be in the future. A significant increase in insurance premiums may have an adverse effect on the operating expenses and results of operations of Home Federal Bank

The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation may terminate the deposit insurance of any insured depository institution, including Home Federal Bank, if it determines after a hearing that the institution has engaged or is engaging in unsafe or unsound practices, is in an unsafe or unsound condition to continue operations, or has violated any applicable law, regulation, order, or any condition imposed by an agreement with the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. It also may suspend deposit insurance temporarily during the hearing process for the permanent termination of insurance, if the institution has no tangible capital. If insurance of accounts is terminated, the accounts at the institution at the time of the termination, less subsequent withdrawals, shall continue to be insured for a period of six months to two years, as determined by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. Management is aware of no existing circumstances which would result in termination of Home Federal Bank’s deposit insurance.

Regulatory Capital Regulations. Federally insured savings institutions are required by the OCC to meet several minimum levels of capital including: a common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-based assets ratio of 4.5%, a Tier 1 capital to risk-based assets ratio of 6.0%, a total capital to risk-based assets ratio of 8%, and a Tier 1 capital to total assets leverage ratio of 4%. Federal savings institutions must also meet a tangible capital ratio of 1.5%.

For purposes of the regulatory capital requirements, a higher risk weight (150%) is assigned to exposures that are more than 90 days past due or are on nonaccrual status and to certain commercial real estate facilities that finance the acquisition, development or construction of real property. Unrealized gains and losses on certain “available-for-sale” securities holdings are required to be included for purposes of calculating regulatory capital unless a one-time opt-out is exercised. Additional constraints are also imposed on the inclusion in regulatory capital of certain mortgage-servicing assets, deferred tax assets and minority interests. Calculation of all types of regulatory capital is subject to deductions and adjustments specified in the regulations. In assessing an institution’s capital adequacy, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency takes into consideration, not only these numeric factors, but qualitative factors as well, and has the authority to establish higher capital requirements for individual institutions when deemed necessary.

In addition to establishing the minimum regulatory capital requirements, the regulations limit a banking organization’s capital distributions and certain discretionary bonus payments if the banking organization does not hold a “capital conservation buffer” consisting of a minimum of 2.5% of common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets in addition to the amount necessary to meet its minimum risk-based capital requirements.

Legislation enacted in May 2018 required the federal banking agencies, including the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, to establish for qualifying institutions with assets of less than $10 billion a “community bank leverage ratio” that ranges between 8% to 10% of consolidated assets. Institutions with capital complying with the ratio and otherwise meeting the specified requirements (including off-balance sheet exposures of 25% or less of total assets and trading assets and liabilities of 5% or less of total assets) and electing the alternative framework are considered to comply with the applicable regulatory capital requirements, including the risk-based requirements. Such institutions are also considered “well-capitalized” for prompt corrective action purposes.

The community bank leverage ratio was established at 9% Tier 1 capital to total average assets, effective January 1, 2020. Pursuant to federal legislation enacted in 2020, the community bank leverage ratio was temporarily lowered to 8% for 2020. Another rule was issued to increase the ratio to 8.5% for calendar year 2021 and to 9% thereafter. A qualifying bank may opt in and out of the community bank leverage ratio framework on its quarterly call report. A bank that ceases to meet any qualifying criteria is provided with a two-quarter grace period to comply with the community bank leverage ratio requirements or the general capital regulations by the federal regulators. As of June 30, 2025, Home Federal Bank has not opted into the alternative framework.

At June 30, 2025, Home Federal Bank exceeded each of its capital requirements with common equity tier 1, tier 1 capital, total capital, leverage, and tangible capital ratios of 13.59%, 13.59%, 14.67%, 9.40%, and 9.40%, respectively.

Any savings institution that fails any of the capital requirements is subject to possible enforcement actions by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency. Such actions could include a capital directive, a cease and desist order, civil money penalties, establishment of restrictions on the institution’s operations, termination of federal deposit insurance, and the appointment of a conservator or receiver. The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency’s capital regulation provides that such actions, through enforcement proceedings or otherwise, could require one or more of a variety of corrective actions.

Prompt Corrective Action. The following table shows the amount of capital associated with the different capital categories set forth in the prompt corrective action regulations.

In addition, an institution is “critically undercapitalized” if it has a ratio of tangible equity to total assets that is equal to or less than 2.0%. Under specified circumstances, a federal banking agency may reclassify a well-capitalized institution as adequately capitalized and may require an adequately capitalized institution or an undercapitalized institution to comply with supervisory actions as if it were in the next lower category (except that the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency may not reclassify a significantly undercapitalized institution as critically undercapitalized).

An institution, generally, must file a written capital restoration plan which meets specified requirements within 45 days of the date that the institution receives notice or is deemed to have notice that it is undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized, or critically undercapitalized. A federal banking agency must provide the institution with written notice of approval or disapproval within 60 days after receiving a capital restoration plan, subject to extensions by the agency. An institution which is required to submit a capital restoration plan must concurrently submit a performance guaranty by each company that controls the institution. In addition, undercapitalized institutions are subject to various regulatory restrictions, and the appropriate federal banking agency also may take any number of discretionary supervisory actions.

At June 30, 2025, Home Federal Bank was deemed a well-capitalized institution for purposes of the prompt corrective action regulations and as such is not subject to the above mentioned restrictions.

Capital Distributions. There are various restrictions on a bank’s ability to make capital distributions, including cash dividends, payments to repurchase or otherwise acquire its shares and other distributions charged against capital. A savings institution that is the subsidiary of a savings and loan holding company, such as Home Federal Bank, must file a notice with the FRB at least 30 days before making a capital distribution and receive the FRB’s nonobjection. Home Federal Bank must also file an application or notice for prior approval with the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency if the total amount of its capital distributions (including each proposed distribution), for the applicable calendar year would exceed Home Federal Bank’s net income for that year plus its retained net income for the previous two years, if Home Federal Bank is not an “eligible savings association” as defined in Office of the Comptroller of the Currency regulations or the capital distributions would violate a prohibition contained in any statute, regulation or agreement.

Home Federal Bank may be prohibited from making capital distributions and its application or notice disapproved if (i) Home Federal Bank would be undercapitalized following the distribution; (ii) the proposed capital distribution raises safety and soundness concerns; or (iii) the capital distribution would violate a prohibition contained in any statute, regulation or agreement.

Qualified Thrift Lender Test. Like all savings institutions, federal regulations require that Home Federal Bank comply with a Qualified Thrift Lender test to avoid certain restrictions on its operations. Under this test, Home Federal Bank is required to maintain at least 65% of its “portfolio assets” in certain “qualified thrift investments” on a monthly basis in at least nine months of the most recent twelve-month period. “Portfolio assets” means, in general, an institution’s total assets less the sum of (a) specified liquid assets up to 20% of total assets, (b) goodwill and other intangible assets and (c) the value of property used to conduct the institution’s business. “Qualified thrift investments” include various types of loans made for residential and housing purposes, investments related to such purposes, including certain mortgage-backed and related securities and consumer loans. If Home Federal Bank fails the QTL test, it must operate under certain restrictions on its activities and may be required to convert to a national bank. At June 30, 2025, Home Federal Bank believes it meets the QTL test.

Community Reinvestment Act. Home Federal Bank is subject to the provisions of the Community Reinvestment Act of 1977 (“CRA”), which require the appropriate federal bank regulatory agency to assess a bank’s performance under the CRA in meeting the credit needs of the community serviced by Home Federal Bank, including low and moderate income neighborhoods. The regulatory agency’s assessment of Home Federal Bank’s record is made available to the public. Further, a bank’s CRA performance must be considered in connection with a bank’s application to, among other things, establish a new branch office that will accept deposits, relocate an existing office or merge or consolidate with, or acquire the assets or assume the liabilities of, a federally regulated financial institution. An unsatisfactory rating may be the basis for denial of certain applications. Home Federal Bank received a “satisfactory” rating during its most recent CRA examination.

On October 24, 2023, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency and the other federal banking agencies issued a final rule to strengthen and modernize the CRA regulations. On July 16, 2025, the banking regulators including the OCC issued a joint notice of proposed rulemaking to rescind the 2023 CRA final rule and replace it with the 1995/2021 regulation. The OCC continues to assess a bank’s CRA performance under the OCC’s 1995/2021 CRA regulation and is not applying any provisions of the 2023 Final Rule.

Limitations on Transactions with Affiliates. Home Federal Bank’s authority to engage in transactions with its “affiliates” is limited by federal regulations and by Sections 23A and 23B of the Federal Reserve Act. In general, these transactions must be on terms which are as favorable to Home Federal Bank as comparable transactions with non-affiliates. Additionally, certain types of these transactions are restricted to an aggregate percentage of Home Federal Bank’s capital. Collateral in specified amounts must usually be provided by affiliates to receive loans from Home Federal Bank. In addition, Office of Comptroller of the Currency regulations prohibit a savings bank from lending to any affiliate that is engaged in activities that are not permissible for bank holding companies and from purchasing the securities of any affiliate other than a subsidiary.

Home Federal Bank’s authority to extend credit to its directors, executive officers, and 10% shareholders (“insiders”), as well as to entities controlled by such persons, is currently governed by the requirements of Sections 22(g) and 22(h) of the Federal Reserve Act and Regulation O of the Federal Reserve Board. Among other things, these provisions require that all loans or extensions of credit to insiders (a) be made on terms that are substantially the same as and follow credit underwriting procedures that are not less stringent than those prevailing for comparable transactions with unaffiliated persons and that do not involve more than the normal risk of repayment or present other unfavorable features and (b) not exceed certain limitations, individually and in the aggregate, which limits are based, in part, on the amount of the Home Federal Bank’s capital. In addition, extensions of credit in excess of certain limits must be approved by the Home Federal Bank’s Board. At June 30, 2025, Home Federal was in compliance with the above restrictions.

Incentive Compensation. Guidelines adopted by the federal banking agencies pursuant to the FDIA prohibit excessive compensation as an unsafe and unsound practice and describe compensation as excessive when the amounts paid are unreasonable or disproportionate to the services performed by an executive officer, employee, director, or principal stockholder.

In June 2010, the federal banking agencies issued comprehensive guidance on incentive compensation policies (the “Incentive Compensation Guidance”) intended to ensure that the incentive compensation policies of banking organizations do not undermine the safety and soundness of such organizations by encouraging excessive risk-taking. The Incentive Compensation Guidance, which covers all employees that have the ability to materially affect the risk profile of an organization, either individually or as part of a group, is based upon the key principles that a banking organization’s incentive compensation arrangements should (i) provide incentives that do not encourage risk-taking beyond the organization’s ability to effectively identify and manage risks, (ii) be compatible with effective internal controls and risk management, and (iii) be supported by strong corporate governance, including active and effective oversight by the organization’s board of directors. Any deficiencies in compensation practices that are identified may be incorporated into the organization’s supervisory ratings, which can affect its ability to make acquisitions or perform other actions. The Incentive Compensation Guidance provides that enforcement actions may be taken against a banking organization if its incentive compensation arrangements or related risk-management control or governance processes pose a risk to the organization’s safety and soundness and the organization is not taking prompt and effective measures to correct the deficiencies.

On May 6, 2024, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency approved a notice of proposed rule-making to implement section 956 of the Dodd–Frank Act. The proposal would establish new requirements for incentive-based compensation at certain covered institutions. Office of the Comptroller of the Currency-supervised institutions that would be subject to the proposed rule include national banks, federal savings associations, and federal branches and agencies, as well as these institutions’ subsidiaries (other than brokers, dealers, insurance providers, investment companies, and investment advisers), that offer incentive-based compensation and have average total consolidated assets of at least $1 billion.

The proposed rule would prohibit incentive-based compensation arrangements that encourage inappropriate risks by a covered institution (1) by providing an executive officer, employee, director, or principal shareholder of the covered institution with excessive compensation, fees, or benefits; or (2) that could lead to material financial loss to the covered financial institution. The proposed rule has not yet been finalized. No assurance can be given as to whether or when this proposal will be adopted in final form or its impact on Home Federal Bank.

Regulation of Residential Mortgage Loan Originators. Under the final rule adopted by the federal bank regulatory authorities pursuant to the Secure and Fair Enforcement for Mortgage Licensing Act of 2008, residential mortgage loan originators employed by financial institutions, such as Home Federal Bank, must register with the Nationwide Mortgage Licensing System and Registry, obtain a unique identifier from the registry, and maintain their registration. Any residential mortgage loan originator who fails to satisfy these requirements will not be permitted to originate residential mortgage loans.

Anti-Money Laundering. All financial institutions, including savings associations, are subject to federal laws that are designed to prevent the use of the U.S. financial system to fund terrorist activities. Financial institutions operating in the United States must develop anti-money laundering compliance programs, due diligence policies, and controls to ensure the detection and reporting of money laundering. Such compliance programs are intended to supplement compliance requirements, also applicable to financial institutions, under the Bank Secrecy Act and the Office of Foreign Assets Control Regulations. Home Federal Bank has established policies and procedures to ensure compliance with these provisions.

Privacy Standards and Cybersecurity. The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Financial Services Modernization Act of 1999 modernized the financial services industry by establishing a comprehensive framework to permit affiliations among commercial banks, insurance companies, securities firms and other financial service providers. Federal banking agencies, including the FDIC, have adopted guidelines for establishing information security standards and cybersecurity programs for implementing safeguards under the supervision of the board of directors. These guidelines, along with related regulatory materials, increasingly focus on risk management and processes related to information technology and the use of third parties in the provision of financial services. These regulations require Home Federal Bank to disclose its privacy policy, including informing consumers of its information sharing practices and informing consumers of their rights to opt out of certain practices. In addition, Louisiana State and other federal and state cybersecurity and data privacy laws and regulations may expose Home Federal Bank to risk and result in certain risk management costs. In addition, on November 18, 2021, the federal banking agencies announced the adoption of a final rule providing for new notification requirements for banking organizations and their service providers for significant cybersecurity incidents. Specifically, the new rule requires a banking organization to notify its primary federal regulator as soon as possible, and no later than 36 hours after, the banking organization determines that a “computer-security incident” rising to the level of a “notification incident” has occurred. Notification is required for incidents that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect the viability of a banking organization’s operations, its ability to deliver banking products and services, or the stability of the financial sector. Service providers are required under the rule to notify affected banking organization customers as soon as possible when the provider determines that it has experienced a computer-security incident that has materially affected or is reasonably likely to materially affect the banking organization’s customers for four or more hours. Compliance with the new rule was required by May 1, 2022. Non-compliance with federal or similar state privacy and cybersecurity laws and regulations could lead to substantial regulatory imposed fines and penalties, damages from private causes of action and/or reputational harm.

On July 26, 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission issued a final rule that requires registrants, such as Home Federal Bancorp, to (i) report material cybersecurity incidents on Form 8-K, (ii) include updated disclosure in Forms 10-K and 10-Q of previously disclosed cybersecurity incidents and disclose previously undisclosed individually immaterial incidents when a determination is made that they have become material on an aggregated basis, (iii) disclose cybersecurity policies and procedures and governance practices, including at the board and management levels in Form 10-K, and (iv) disclose the board of directors’ cybersecurity expertise. An Item 1.05 Form 8-K will generally be due four business days after a registrant determines that a cybersecurity incident is material. See Item 1C. Cybersecurity for annual disclosures herein.

Federal Home Loan Bank System. Home Federal Bank is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Dallas, which is one of 11 regional Federal Home Loan Banks that administer a home financing credit function primarily for its members. Each Federal Home Loan Bank serves as a reserve or central bank for its members within its assigned region. The Federal Home Loan Bank of Dallas is funded primarily from proceeds derived from the sale of consolidated obligations of the Federal Home Loan Bank System. It makes loans to members (i.e., advances) in accordance with policies and procedures established by the board of directors of the Federal Home Loan Bank. At June 30, 2025, Home Federal Bank had no advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank and $56.4 million available on its credit line with the Federal Home Loan Bank.

As a member, Home Federal Bank is required to purchase and maintain stock in the Federal Home Loan Bank of Dallas. At June 30, 2025, Home Federal Bank had $400,000 in Federal Home Loan Bank stock, which was in compliance with the applicable requirement.

The Federal Home Loan Banks are required to provide funds for the resolution of troubled savings institutions and to contribute to affordable housing programs through direct loans or interest subsidies on advances targeted for community investment and low- and moderate-income housing projects. These contributions have adversely affected the level of Federal Home Loan Bank dividends paid in the past and could do so in the future. These contributions also could have an adverse effect on the value of Federal Home Loan Bank stock in the future.

Federal Reserve System. The Federal Reserve Board requires all depository institutions to maintain reserves against their transaction accounts (primarily NOW and Super NOW checking accounts) and non-personal time deposits. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Federal Reserve reduced reserve requirement ratios to zero percent effective May 26, 2020 to support lending to households and businesses. The required reserves must be maintained in the form of vault cash or an account at a Federal Reserve Bank. As of June 30, 2025, the reserve ratio requirement remained at zero percent and Home Federal Bank was not required to maintain any reserve balance.

TAXATION

Federal Taxation

General. Home Federal Bancorp and Home Federal Bank are subject to federal income taxation in the same general manner as other corporations with some exceptions listed below. The following discussion of federal and state income taxation is only intended to summarize certain pertinent income tax matters and is not a comprehensive description of the applicable tax rules. Our tax returns have not been audited during the past five years.

Method of Accounting. For federal income tax purposes, Home Federal Bank reports income and expenses on the accrual method of accounting and used a June 30 tax year in 2025 for filing its federal income tax return.

Taxable Distributions and Recapture. Prior to the Small Business Job Protection Act of 1996, bad debt reserves created prior to January 1, 1988 were subject to recapture into taxable income if Home Federal Bank failed to meet certain thrift asset and definitional tests. The federal legislation eliminated these savings association related recapture rules. However, under current law, pre-1988 reserves remain subject to recapture should Home Federal Bank make certain non-dividend distributions or cease to maintain a bank charter.

At June 30, 2025, the total federal pre-1988 reserve was approximately $3.3 million. The reserve reflects the cumulative effects of federal tax deductions by Home Federal Bank for which no federal income tax provisions have been made.

Corporate Dividends-Received Deduction. Home Federal Bancorp may exclude from its income 100% of dividends received from Home Federal Bank as a member of the same affiliated group of corporations. The corporate dividends received deduction is 65% in the case of dividends received from corporations which a corporate recipient owns less than 80% but at least 20% of the distribution corporation. Corporations which own less than 20% of the stock of a corporation distributing a dividend may deduct only 50 % of dividends received.

State and Local Taxation

Home Federal Bancorp is subject to the Louisiana Corporation Income Tax based on our Louisiana taxable income. The Corporation Income Tax applies at graduated rates from 4% upon the first $25,000 of Louisiana taxable income to 8% on all Louisiana taxable income in excess of $200,000. For these purposes, “Louisiana taxable income” means net income which is earned by us within or derived from sources within the State of Louisiana, after adjustments permitted under Louisiana law, including a federal income tax deduction. In addition, Home Federal Bank is subject to the Louisiana Shares Tax which is imposed on the assessed value of a company’s retained earnings and capital stock accounts. The formula for deriving the assessed value is to calculate 15% of the sum of:

(a) 20% of Home Federal Bank’s capitalized earnings, plus

(b) 80% of Home Federal Bank’s taxable stockholders’ equity, minus

(c) 50% of Home Federal Bank’s real and personal property assessment.

Various items may also be subtracted in calculating a company’s capitalized earnings.

The Bank has implemented an information security program that encompasses the Bank’s cybersecurity efforts as part of its risk management process. Risk assessments, including Information Technology and Cybersecurity Risk, are conducted annually by the Chief Risk Officer, Information Technology Officer and Information Security Officer to identify, assess and mitigate risks. The Bank recognizes the need for sound physical and internal controls over its critical financial data, confidential information and digital assets to ensure the accuracy, integrity, and confidentiality of the processed information. As regulated financial institutions, the Company and Bank are also subject to financial privacy laws and their cybersecurity practices are subject to oversight by the federal banking agencies.

The Boards of Directors of the Company and Bank and the Audit Committee of the Company are responsible for ultimate oversight of cybersecurity risks managed daily by management pursuant to the Bank’s information security program. The Boards of Directors annually approve this information security program and regularly receive reports from the Bank’s Information Security Officer and Information Technology Officer that outline the steps undertaken to protect the information and data assets of the Bank and Company. Additionally, the Information Security Officer and Information Technology Officer update the Boards of Directors through supplementary reports on issues related to Cybersecurity readiness.

The Bank’s information security program is developed and implemented by the Bank’s Information Security Officer, Information Technology Officer and Chief Risk Officer. Together with the Bank’s Electronic Data Processing (EDP) Committee, comprised of relevant information technology and business unit stakeholders within Bank management, the Information Security and Information Technology Officers of the Bank work to manage, control and mitigate cybersecurity risks. The Bank’s employees are regularly trained on cybersecurity awareness, and testing is performed to monitor the success of the training. The Board of Directors receives training annually.

The Bank engages a third party to audit and examine its processes, conduct vulnerability assessments, and review the security of its network infrastructure consistent with FFIEC (Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council) Information Technology Audit guidelines, regulatory requirements and federal banking agency expectations. Trusted third parties are engaged to assist the Bank in improving its cybersecurity readiness. The Bank engages third party vendors to monitor and assist in maintaining its network infrastructure. These third-party vendors take an active role in ensuring that the Bank’s systems are protected by testing, reviewing and advising the Bank to strengthen cybersecurity controls when necessary.

The Bank has a vendor oversight risk management process that helps to validate the security and integrity of information collected and maintained by third party vendors that the Bank uses to provide banking services. A key goal of the Bank’s vendor management program includes assessing risks, which include but are not limited to operational, strategic, reputational, cyber, and credit risks. These processes are supported by a specialized vendor that assists the Bank’s management and Board of Directors with properly assessing these risks. Finally, the Bank also has an incident response and business continuity program that is intended to address operational concerns, including cybersecurity risks, during contingency scenarios that may create unknown circumstances. This program is tested annually.

Although the Company and Bank have not, as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, experienced a cybersecurity threat or incident that materially affected their business strategy, results of operations or financial condition, there can be no guarantee that the Company or Bank will not experience such an incident in the future.

We currently conduct business from our home office located in Shreveport, Louisiana and six full-service banking offices located in Shreveport, Louisiana, two full-service banking offices located in Bossier City, Louisiana, one full-service banking office located in Minden, Louisiana and one full-service banking office located in Benton, Louisiana. The following table sets forth certain information, as of June 30, 2025, relating to Home Federal Bank’s offices, and one property acquired for potential future administrative offices which is presently vacant.

(Dollars in thousands)

(1) The building is owned but the land is subject to an operating lease with a ten-year term expiring March 15, 2028.

(2) The building is vacant and available to serve as potential future administrative offices and storage.

Home Federal Bancorp and Home Federal Bank are not involved in any pending legal proceedings other than nonmaterial legal proceedings occurring in the ordinary course of business.

General

Our profitability depends primarily on our net interest income, which is the difference between interest and dividend income on interest-earning assets, principally loans, investment securities, and interest-earning deposits in other institutions, and interest expense on interest-bearing deposits and borrowings from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Dallas. Net interest income is dependent upon the level of interest rates and the extent to which such rates are changing. Our profitability also depends, to a lesser extent, on non-interest income, provision for loan losses, non-interest expenses, and federal income taxes. Home Federal Bancorp, Inc. of Louisiana had net income of $3.9 million in fiscal 2025 compared to net income of $3.6 million in fiscal 2024.

Our business consists primarily of originating single-family real estate loans secured by property in our market area and to a lesser extent, commercial real estate loans, commercial business loans, and real estate secured lines of credit which typically have higher rates and shorter terms than single-family loans. Although our loans are primarily funded by the acquisition of deposits and it is our policy to require commercial customers to have a deposit relationship with us, which primarily consists of NOW accounts or non-interest checking accounts. Due to the continued low interest rate environment, we have sold a substantial amount of our fixed rate single-family residential loan originations in recent periods. Because of an increase in the weighted-average yield on our interest-earning assets, together with a decrease in our rate on total interest bearing liabilities, our average interest rate spread increased from 2.38% to 2.55% during fiscal 2025 compared to 2024, and our net interest income decreased $280,000 to $18.8 million for fiscal 2025 as compared to $19.0 million for fiscal 2024, primarily due to a $37.1 million decrease in average balance of interest earning assets. We expect to continue to emphasize commercial lending in the future in order to improve the yield on our portfolio.

Home Federal Bancorp’s operations and profitability are subject to changes in interest rates, applicable statutes and regulations, and general economic conditions, as well as other factors beyond our control.

Business Strategy

Our business strategy is focused on operating a growing and profitable community-oriented financial institution. Our current business strategy includes:

• Continuing to Grow and Diversify Our Loan Portfolio. We intend to grow and continue to diversify our loan portfolio by, among other things, emphasizing the origination of commercial real estate and business loans. At June 30, 2025, our commercial real estate loans amounted to $138.9 million, or 29.8% of the total loan portfolio. Our commercial business loans amounted to $54.1 million, or 11.6% of the total loan portfolio. Commercial real estate, commercial business, construction and development, and consumer loans all typically have higher yields and are more interest sensitive than long-term single-family residential mortgage loans.
• Diversify Our Products and Services. We intend to continue to emphasize our commercial business products to provide a full-service banking relationship to our commercial customers. We have introduced mobile and Internet banking and remote deposit capture, to better serve our commercial clients. Additionally, we have developed new deposit products focused on expanding our deposit base to new types of customers.
• Enhancing Core Earnings. We expect to continue to emphasize commercial real estate and business loans, which generally bear interest rates higher than residential real estate loans, and sell a substantial part of our fixed rate residential mortgage loan originations.
• Expanding Our Franchise in our Market Area and Contiguous Communities. We intend to continue to pursue opportunities to expand our market area by opening additional de novo banking offices and possibly through acquisitions of other financial institutions and banking related businesses. We expect to focus on contiguous areas to our current locations in Caddo, Bossier and Webster Parishes.
• Maintain Our Asset Quality. At June 30, 2025, our non-performing assets totaled $3.3 million, or 0.54% of total assets. We had $970,000 in other real estate owned at June 30, 2025. We intend to continue to stress maintaining high asset quality, even as we continue to grow our institution and diversify our loan portfolio.
• Cross-Selling Products and Services and Emphasizing Local Decision Making. We have promoted cross-selling products and services in our branch offices and emphasized our local decision making and streamlined loan approval process.

Critical Accounting Policies

In reviewing and understanding financial information for Home Federal Bancorp, you are encouraged to read and understand the significant accounting policies used in preparing our consolidated financial statements. These policies are described in Note 1 of the notes to our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this document. Our accounting and financial reporting policies conform to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and to general practices within the banking industry. Accordingly, the consolidated financial statements require certain estimates, judgments, and assumptions, which are believed to be reasonable based upon the information available. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of income and expenses during the periods presented. The following accounting policies comprise those that management believes are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our reported financial results. These policies require numerous estimates or economic assumptions that may prove inaccurate or may be subject to variations which may significantly affect our reported results and financial condition for the period or in future periods.

Allowance for Credit Losses. We have identified the calculation of the allowance for credit losses as a critical accounting policy, due to the higher degree of judgment and complexity than our other significant accounting policies.

Business Combinations. Acquisition Accounting. Acquisitions are accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting. The acquisition method of accounting requires the Company as the acquirer to recognize the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date, as well as recognize goodwill. If the purchase price over the sum of the estimated fair values of the tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired less the estimated fair value of the liabilities assumed in an acquisition, goodwill is recognized. The Company records provisional amounts of fair value at the time of acquisition. The provisional fair values are subject to modification for up to one year after the acquisition.

Acquired Loans. Subsequent to the adoption of ASU 2016-13, acquired loans are segregated between those purchased with credit deterioration (“PCD”) and those that are not (“non-PCD”). Loans considered PCD include those individual loans (or groups of loans with similar risk characteristics) that as of the date of acquisition are assessed as having experienced a more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination. The assessment of what is more-than-insignificant credit deterioration since origination considers information including, but not limited to, financial assets that are delinquent, on nonaccrual and/or otherwise adversely risk rated as of the acquisition date, those that have been downgraded since origination, and those for which, after origination, credit spreads have widened beyond the threshold specified in policy. The Company bifurcates the fair value discount between the credit and noncredit components and records an allowance for credit losses for PCD loans by adding the credit portion of the fair value discount to the initial amortized cost basis and increasing the allowance for credit losses at the date of acquisition. Any noncredit discount or premium resulting from acquiring loans with credit deterioration is allocated to each individual asset. All non-PCD loans acquired are recorded at the estimated fair value of the loan at acquisition, with the estimated allowance for credit loss recorded as a provision for credit losses through earnings in the period in which the acquisition has occurred. The noncredit discount or premium for PCD loans and full discount for non-PCD loans will be accreted to interest income using the interest method based on the effective interest rate at the acquisition date.

Under the transition provisions of ASU 2016-13, the Company classified all purchased credit impaired loans (“PCI”) previously accounted for under Financial Accounting Standard Subtopic 310-30 to be classified as PCD, without reassessing whether the financial assets meet the criteria of PCD as of the date of adoption. The application of these provisions resulted in an adjustment to the amortized cost basis of the financial asset to reflect the addition of the allowance for credit losses at the date of adoption. The Company elected not to maintain pools of loans accounted for under Subtopic 310-30 at adoption. The Company was also not required to reassess whether modifications to individual acquired financial assets accounted for in pools were troubled debt restructurings as of the date of adoption. The noncredit discount, after the adjustment for the allowance for credit losses, is accreted to interest income using the interest method based on the effective interest rate determined at the adoption date.

Goodwill. Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net identifiable assets acquired. Goodwill has an indefinite useful life and is evaluated for impairment annually, or more frequently if events and circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired.

Core Deposit Intangible. Core deposit intangibles represent the estimated value of long-term deposit relationships acquired in business combinations. The Company’s policy is to amortize these intangibles on an accelerated basis over their estimated useful life, which the estimated useful lives are periodically reviewed for reasonableness. Core deposit intangibles are tested for impairment if events and circumstances indicate the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable from future cash flows.

Selected Financial and Other Data

Set forth below is selected consolidated financial and other data of Home Federal Bancorp. The information at or for the years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 is derived in part from the audited financial statements that appear in this Form 10-K.

(In thousands)

(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

30

(1) With the exception of end of period ratios, all ratios are based on average monthly balances during the indicated periods.

(2) Average interest rate spread represents the difference between the average yield on interest-earning assets and the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities, and net interest margin represents net interest income as a percentage of average interest-earning assets.

(3) Non-GAAP: The efficiency ratio represents the ratio of non-interest expense divided by the sum of net interest income and non-interest income.

(4) Reflects dividends paid during the fiscal year divided by net income.

(5) Asset quality ratios and capital ratios are end of period ratios, except for net charge-offs to average loans receivable.

Changes in Financial Condition

Total assets decreased $28.0 million, or 4.4%, from $637.5 million at June 30, 2024 to $609.5 million at June 30, 2025. The decrease in assets was comprised of decreases in cash and cash equivalents of $17.6 million, or 50.4%, from $34.9 million at June 30, 2024 to $17.3 million at June 30, 2025, net loans receivable of $9.9 million, or 2.1%, from $470.9 million at June 30, 2024 to $461.0 million at June 30, 2025, premises and equipment of $1.0 million, or 5.7%, from $18.3 million at June 30, 2024 to $17.3 million at June 30, 2025, core deposit intangible of $284,000, or 23.7%, from $1.2 million at June 30, 2024 to $915,000 at June 30, 2025, loans-held-for-sale of $193,000, or 11.1%, from $1.7 million at June 30, 2024 to $1.5 at June 30, 2025, other assets of $45,000, or 3.3%, from $1.35 million at June 30, 2024 to $1.31 million at June 30, 2025, and deferred tax asset of $18,000, or 1.5%, from $1.18 million at June 30, 2024 to $1.16 million at June 30, 2025, partially offset by increases in real estate owned of $552,000, or 132.1% from $418,000 at June 30, 2024 to $970,000 at June 30, 2025, investment securities of $277,000, or 0.3%, from $96.0 million at June 30, 2024 to $96.2 million at June 30, 2025, bank owned life insurance of $116,000, or 1.7%, from $6.8 million at June 30, 2024 to $6.9 million at June 30, 2025, and accrued interest receivable of $61,000, or 3.4%, from $1.78 million at June 30, 2024 to $1.84 million at June 30, 2025.

Loans receivable, net decreased $9.9 million, or 2.1%, from $470.9 million at June 30, 2024 to $461.0 million at June 30, 2025. In recent periods we diversified the loan products we offer and increased our efforts to originate higher yielding commercial real estate loans and lines of credit and commercial business loans which were deemed attractive due to their generally higher yields and shorter anticipated lives compared to single-family residential mortgage loans. As of June 30, 2025, Home Federal Bank had $138.9 million of commercial real estate loans, 29.8% of the total loan portfolio, and $54.1 million of commercial business loans, 11.6% of the total loan portfolio. Although commercial loans are generally considered to have greater credit risk than other certain types of loans, we attempt to mitigate such risk by originating such loans in our market area to known borrowers.

Securities available-for-sale increased $7.2 million, or 26.7%, from $27.0 million at June 30, 2024 to $34.2 million at June 30, 2025. This increase resulted primarily from purchases of $12.7 million in securities, partially offset by principal repayments of $5.9 million. Securities held-to-maturity decreased $6.0 million, or 8.9%, from $67.3 million at June 30, 2024 to $61.3 million at June 30, 2025. This decrease was primarily due to principal repayments of $6.0 million.

Total liabilities decreased $30.4 million, or 5.2%, from $584.7 million at June 30, 2024 to $554.3 million at June 30, 2025. The decrease in liabilities was comprised of decreases in total deposits of $27.7 million, or 4.8%, from $574.0 million at June 30, 2024 to $546.3 million at June 30, 2025, and other borrowings of $3.0 million, or 42.9%, from $7.0 million at June 30, 2024 to $4.0 million at June 30, 2025, partially offset by an increase in other accrued expenses and liabilities of $273,000, or 8.6%, from $3.2 million at June 30, 2024 to $3.5 million at June 30, 2025, and advances from borrowers for taxes and insurance of $22,000, or 4.2%, from $521,000 at June 30, 2024 to $543,000 at June 30, 2025. The decrease in deposits resulted from decreases in certificates of deposit of $27.5 million, or 12.8%, from $214.9 million at June 30, 2024 to $187.4 million at June 30, 2025, money market deposits of $11.7 million, or 13.7%, from $85.5 million at June 30, 2024 to $73.8 million at June 30, 2025, and non-interest deposits of $7.9 million, or 6.1%, from $130.3 million at June 30, 2024 to $122.4 million at June 30, 2025, partially offset by increases in savings deposits of $19.0 million, or 24.8%, from $76.6 million at June 30, 2024 to $95.6 million at June 30, 2025, and NOW accounts of $506,000, or 0.8%, from $66.6 million at June 30, 2024 to $67.1 million at June 30, 2025. The Company had no balances in brokered deposits at June 30, 2025 or June 30, 2024.

Stockholders’ equity increased $2.4 million, or 4.5%, from $52.8 million at June 30, 2024 to $55.2 million at June 30, 2025. The increase in stockholders’ equity was comprised of net income for the year ended June 30, 2025 of $3.9 million, a decrease in the Company’s accumulated other comprehensive loss of $681,000, the vesting of restricted stock awards, stock options, and the release of employee stock ownership plan shares totaling $424,000, and proceeds from the issuance of common stock from the exercise of stock options of $111,000, partially offset by dividends paid totaling $1.6 million, and stock repurchases of $1.1 million.

Average Balances, Net Interest Income Yields Earned and Rates Paid. The following table shows for the periods indicated the total dollar amount of interest from average interest-earning assets and the resulting yields, as well as the interest expense on average interest-bearing liabilities, expressed both in dollars and rates, and the net interest margin. Tax-exempt income and yields have not been adjusted to a tax-equivalent basis. All average balances are based on monthly balances. Management does not believe that the monthly averages differ significantly from what the daily averages would be.

(Dollars in thousands)

(1) Includes loans held for sale.

(2) Includes retained earnings and accumulated other comprehensive loss.

(3) Interest rate spread represents the difference between the weighted-average yield on interest-earning assets and the weighted-average rate on interest-bearing liabilities.

(4) Net interest margin is net interest income divided by net average interest-earning assets.

Rate/Volume Analysis. The following table describes the extent to which changes in interest rates and changes in volume of interest-related assets and liabilities have affected Home Federal Bancorp’s interest income and interest expense during the periods indicated. For each category of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, information is provided on changes attributable to (i) changes in volume (change in volume multiplied by prior year rate), (ii) changes in rate (change in rate multiplied by current year volume), and (iii) total change in rate and volume. The combined effect of changes in both rate and volume has been allocated proportionately to the change due to rate and the change due to volume.

(In thousands)

Comparison of Operating Results for the Years Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024

General. The increase in net income for the year ended June 30, 2025, as compared to the year ended June 30, 2024, resulted primarily from an increase of $421,000, or 26.6%, in non-interest income, a decrease of $278,000, or 1.7%, in non-interest expense, and an increase of $166,000 in the recovery of credit losses, partially offset by an increase of $290,000, or 60.9%, in the provision for income taxes and a decrease of $280,000, or 1.5%, in net interest income. The decrease in net interest income for the year ended June 30, 2025, as compared to the year ended June 30, 2024, was primarily due to a decrease of $1.4 million, or 4.4%, in total interest income, partially offset by a decrease of $1.1 million, or 8.7%, in total interest expense. The Company’s average interest rate spread was 2.55% for the year ended June 30, 2025, compared to 2.38% for the year ended June 30, 2024. The Company’s net interest margin was 3.23% for the year ended June 30, 2025, compared to 3.08% for the year ended June 30, 2024.

Net Interest Income. Net interest income amounted to $18.7 million for fiscal year 2025, a decrease of $280,000, or 1.5%, compared to $19.0 million for fiscal year 2024. The decrease primarily resulted from a decrease in total interest income of $1.4 million, partially offset by a decrease in total interest expense of $1.1 million.

The average interest rate spread increased from 2.38% for fiscal 2024 to 2.55% for fiscal 2025, while the average balance of interest-earning assets decreased from $614.3 million to $577.2 million during the same periods. The percentage of average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities increased to 133.86% for fiscal 2025 compared to 133.54% for fiscal 2024. The average rate paid on certificates of deposit decreased from 4.15% for fiscal 2024 to 3.92% for fiscal 2025. Net interest margin increased to 3.23% for fiscal 2025 compared to 3.08% for fiscal 2024.

Interest income decreased $1.4 million, or 4.4%, to $30.5 million for fiscal 2025 compared to $31.9 million for fiscal 2024, primarily due to a decrease in interest income from loans of $1.7 million, and a decrease of $326,000 in interest income from investment securities. The average yield of the loan portfolio increased by 13 basis points during fiscal 2025 mainly due to a higher interest rate environment.

Interest expense decreased $1.1 million, or 8.7%, to $11.8 million for fiscal 2025 compared to $12.9 million for fiscal 2024, primarily as a result of decreases in the average rate paid on money market accounts and certificates of deposit.

Provision for Credit Losses. As of June 30, 2025, the allowance for credit losses was $4.5 million, and the ratio of allowance for credit losses to gross loans was 0.96%. As of June 30, 2024, the allowance for credit losses was $4.6 million, and the ratio of allowance for credit losses to gross loans was 0.96%.

At June 30, 2025, the Company had $3.3 million of non-performing assets (defined as non-accruing loans, accruing loans 90 days or more past due, and other real estate owned) compared to $1.9 million of non-performing assets at June 30, 2024, consisting of six one-to-four family residential loans, two home equity loans, three commercial non-real estate loans, two commercial real-estate loans, and one single-family residence in other real estate owned at June 30, 2025, compared to five one-to-four family residential loans, four home equity loans, three commercial non-real estate loans, and three single-family residences in other real estate owned at June 30, 2024. At June 30, 2025 the Company had eight one-to-four family residential loans, two home equity loans, five commercial non-real-estate loans, two commercial real-estate loans, and one consumer loan classified as substandard, compared to six one-to-four family residential loans, five commercial non-real-estate loans, four home equity loans and one consumer loan classified as substandard at June 30, 2024. There were no loans classified as doubtful at June 30, 2025 or June 30, 2024.

Non-Interest Income. The $421,000 increase in non-interest income for the year ended June 30, 2025 compared to the prior year was primarily due to a decrease of $150,000 in loss on sale of real estate, an increase of $134,000 in other non-interest income, an increase of $119,000 in gain on sale of loans, an increase of $44,000 in service charges on deposit accounts, and an increase of $6,000 in income from bank owned life insurance, partially offset by an increase of $32,000 in loss on sale of securities.

Non-Interest Expense. The $278,000 decrease in non-interest expense for the year ended June 30, 2025, compared to the year ended June 30, 2024, is primarily attributable to decreases of $584,000 in compensation and benefits expense, $217,000 in franchise and bank shares tax expense, $215,000 in advertising expense, $68,000 in other non-interest expense, $62,000 in professional fees, $49,000 in amortization of core deposit intangible expense, $46,000 in deposit insurance premium expense, and $21,000 in loan and collection expense. The decreases were partially offset by increases of $784,000 in data processing expense, $152,000 in occupancy and equipment expense, and $48,000 in audit and examination fees. The increase in data processing expense resulted from a billing discrepancy with our core processor, which had failed to issue invoices for certain services dating back to December 2022. Upon discovery of the issue, we negotiated a discounted settlement to resolve the outstanding invoices, which resulted in the increase for the year ended June 30, 2025.

Provision for Income Tax Expense. The provision for income taxes amounted to $766,000 and $476,000 for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Our effective tax rate was 16.5% for fiscal 2025 and 11.7% for fiscal 2024.

Exposure to Changes in Interest Rates

Our ability to maintain net interest income depends upon our ability to earn a higher yield on interest-earning assets than the rates we pay on deposits and borrowings. Our interest-earning assets consist primarily of securities available-for-sale and long-term residential and commercial mortgage loans, which have fixed rates of interest. Consequently, our ability to maintain a positive spread between the interest earned on assets and the interest paid on deposits and borrowings can be adversely affected when market rates of interest rise.

We have maintained a significant portfolio of available-for-sale securities during the past few years in order to better position the Company for a rising interest rate environment in the long term. At June 30, 2025 and 2024, securities available-for-sale amounted to $34.2 million and $27.0 million, respectively, or 5.62% and 4.24%, respectively, of total assets at such dates.

Quantitative Analysis. The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency provides a quarterly report on the potential impact of interest rate changes upon the market value of portfolio equity. Management reviews the quarterly reports from the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, which show the impact of changing interest rates on net portfolio value. Net portfolio value is the difference between incoming and outgoing discounted cash flows from assets, liabilities, and off-balance sheet contracts.

Net Portfolio Value. Our interest rate sensitivity is monitored by management through the use of a model which internally generates estimates of the change in our net portfolio value (“NPV”) over a range of interest rate scenarios. NPV is the present value of expected cash flows from assets, liabilities, and off-balance sheet contracts. The NPV ratio, under any interest rate scenario, is defined as the NPV in that scenario divided by the market value of assets in the same scenario. The following table sets forth our NPV as of June 30, 2025:

(Dollars in thousands)

Qualitative Analysis. Our ability to maintain a positive “spread” between the interest earned on assets and the interest paid on deposits and borrowings is affected by changes in interest rates. Our fixed-rate loans generally are profitable, if interest rates are stable or declining since these loans have yields that exceed our cost of funds. If interest rates increase, however, we would have to pay more on our deposits and new borrowings, which would adversely affect our interest rate spread. In order to counter the potential effects of dramatic increases in market rates of interest, we have underwritten our mortgage loans to allow for their sale in the secondary market. Total loan originations amounted to $156.4 million for fiscal 2025 and $210.0 million for fiscal 2024, while loans sold amounted to $18.3 million and $16.0 million during the same respective periods. We have invested excess funds from loan payments and prepayments and loan sales in investment securities classified as available-for-sale. As a result, Home Federal Bancorp is not as susceptible to rising interest rates as it would be if its interest-earning assets were primarily comprised of long-term fixed rate mortgage loans. With respect to its floating or adjustable rate loans, Home Federal Bancorp writes interest rate floors and caps into such loan documents. Interest rate floors limit our interest rate risk by limiting potential decreases in the interest yield on an adjustable rate loan to a certain level. As a result, we receive a minimum yield even if rates decline farther, and the interest rate on the particular loan would otherwise adjust to a lower amount. Conversely, interest rate ceilings limit the amount by which the yield on an adjustable rate loan may increase to no more than six percentage points over the rate at the time of origination. Finally, we intend to place a greater emphasis on shorter-term consumer loans and commercial business loans in the future.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Home Federal Bancorp maintains levels of liquid assets deemed adequate by management. Our liquidity ratio averaged 19.6% for the quarter ended June 30, 2025. We adjust our liquidity levels to fund deposit outflows, repay our borrowings, and to fund loan commitments. We also adjust liquidity, as appropriate, to meet asset and liability management objectives.

Our primary sources of funds are deposits, amortization and prepayment of loans and mortgage-backed securities, maturities of investment securities and other short-term investments, loan sales and earnings, and funds provided from operations. While scheduled principal repayments on loans and mortgage-backed securities are a relatively predictable source of funds, deposit flows and loan prepayments are greatly influenced by general interest rates, economic conditions, and competition. We set the interest rates on our deposits to maintain a desired level of total deposits. In addition, we invest excess funds in short-term interest-earning accounts and other assets, which provide liquidity to meet lending requirements. Our deposit accounts with the Federal Home Loan Bank of Dallas amounted to $9.1 million and $185,000 at June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

A significant portion of our liquidity consists of securities classified as available-for-sale and cash and cash equivalents. Our primary sources of cash are net income, principal repayments on loans and mortgage-backed securities, and increases in deposit accounts. If we require funds beyond our ability to generate them internally, we have borrowing agreements with the Federal Home Loan Bank of Dallas, which provide an additional source of funds. At June 30, 2025, we had no advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Dallas and had $56.4 million in additional borrowing capacity. Additionally, at June 30, 2025, Home Federal Bank was a party to a Master Purchase Agreement with First National Bankers Bank, whereby Home Federal Bank may purchase Federal Funds from First National Bankers Bank in an amount not to exceed $20.4 million. There were no amounts purchased under this agreement as of June 30, 2025. At June 30, 2025, Home Federal Bancorp had a $4.0 million outstanding loan with First National Bankers Bank, which matures on February 5, 2034.

At June 30, 2025, the Company had outstanding loan commitments of $50.5 million to originate loans and commitments under unused lines of credit of $13.1 million. At June 30, 2025, certificates of deposit scheduled to mature in one year or less totaled $172.6 million, or 92.14% of total certificates of deposit. Based on prior experience, management believes that a significant portion of such deposits will remain with us, although there can be no assurance that this will be the case. In addition, the cost of such deposits could be significantly higher upon renewal in a rising interest rate environment. We intend to utilize our high levels of liquidity to fund our lending activities. If additional funds are required to fund lending activities, we intend to sell our securities classified as available-for-sale, as needed.

At June 30, 2025, Home Federal Bank exceeded each of its capital requirements with common equity tier 1, tier 1 capital, total capital, leverage, and tangible capital ratios of 13.59%, 13.59%, 14.67%, 9.40%, and 9.40%, respectively.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined by Securities and Exchange Commission rules, and have not had any such arrangements during the two years ended June 30, 2025. See Notes 9 and 14 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

Impact of Inflation and Changing Prices

The consolidated financial statements and related financial data presented herein regarding Home Federal Bancorp have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, which generally require the measurement of financial position and operating results in terms of historical dollars, without considering changes in relative purchasing power over time due to inflation. Unlike most industrial companies, virtually all of our assets and liabilities are monetary in nature. As a result, interest rates generally have a more significant impact on Home Federal Bancorp’s performance than does the effect of inflation. Interest rates do not necessarily move in the same direction or in the same magnitude as the prices of goods and services, since such prices are affected by inflation to a larger extent than interest rates.

Forward-Looking Statements

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains certain forward-looking statements (as defined in the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the regulations thereunder). Forward-looking statements are not historical facts but instead represent only the beliefs, expectations or opinions of Home Federal Bancorp and its management regarding future events, many of which, by their nature, are inherently uncertain. Forward-looking statements may be identified by the use of such words as: “believe”, “expect”, “anticipate”, “intend”, “plan”, “estimate”, or words of similar meaning, or future or conditional terms such as “will”, “would”, “should”, “could”, “may”, “likely”, “probably”, or “possibly.” Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, financial projections and estimates and their underlying assumptions; statements regarding plans, objectives and expectations with respect to future operations, products and services; and statements regarding future performance. Such statements are subject to certain risks, uncertainties and assumption, many of which are difficult to predict and generally are beyond the control of Home Federal Bancorp and its management, that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied or projected by, forward-looking statements. The following factors, among others, could cause actual results to differ materially from the anticipated results or other expectations expressed in the forward-looking statements: (1) economic and competitive conditions which could affect the volume of loan originations, deposit flows and real estate values; (2) the levels of non-interest income and expense and the amount of loan losses; (3) competitive pressure among depository institutions increasing significantly; (4) changes in the interest rate environment causing reduced interest margins; (5) general economic conditions, either nationally or in the markets in which Home Federal Bancorp is or will be doing business, being less favorable than expected (6) political and social unrest including acts of war or terrorism; or (7) legislation or changes in regulatory requirements adversely affecting the business in which Home Federal Bancorp will be engaged. Home Federal Bancorp undertakes no obligation to update these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that occur after the date on which such statements were made.

(a) Our management evaluated, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on such evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and regulations and are operating in an effective manner.

(b) Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). The Company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements prepared for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on our evaluation under the framework in Internal Control — Integrated Framework, management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of June 30, 2025.

(c) No change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) occurred during the most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, its internal control over financial reporting.