Wrap Technologies, Inc.: Form 10-Q for the period ended Sep 30, 2025

You should read the following discussion in conjunction with the financial statements and other financial information included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Report”) and with our audited financial statements and other information presented in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 (as amended, the “Annual Report”). This Report may contain or incorporate by reference forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Such forward-looking statements are based upon management’s assumptions, expectations, projections, intentions and beliefs about future events. Except for historical information, the use of predictive, future-tense or forward-looking words such as “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “seek,” “estimate,” “continue,” “may,” “will,” “could,” “would,” or the negative or plural of such words and similar expressions or variations of such words are intended to identify forward-looking statements but are not the only means of identifying forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements are subject to several risks, uncertainties, assumptions and other factors that could cause actual results and the timing of certain events to differ materially from future results expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed below and elsewhere in this Report and in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), including particularly matters set forth under Part I, Item 1A (Risk Factors) of the Annual Report. Furthermore, such forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Report. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of such statements.

References in this management’s discussion and analysis to “we,” “us,” “our,” “the Company,” “our Company,” or “Wrap” refer to Wrap Technologies, Inc. and its subsidiaries.

Overview

We are a global public safety technology and services company that delivers safe and effective policing solutions to law enforcement and security personnel worldwide. We are leading the movement for safer outcomes by equipping law enforcement with safer, non-painful compliance tools, and immersive training fit for modern society. We began sales of our first public safety product, the BolaWrap 100 remote restraint device, in late 2018. In the first quarter of 2022, we delivered a new generation product, the BolaWrap 150. The BolaWrap 150 is electronically deployed and is more robust, smaller, lighter and simpler to deploy than the BolaWrap 100 that has since been phased out. In late 2020 we added a new solution to our public safety technologies, our virtual reality (“VR”) training platform, Wrap Reality, and in August 2023 we acquired Intrensic, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Intrensic”), which added a Body-Worn Camera (“BWC”) and Digital Evidence Management (“DEM”) solution to our portfolio of policing solutions. Wrap Reality is now sold to law enforcement agencies for simulation training as well as corrections departments for the societal reentry scenarios.

In 2025, we expanded our product portfolio with the launch of WrapTactics, a digital pre-escalation and performance training platform, and WrapVision, a North American-made body-worn camera solution designed to meet federal procurement standards. We also advanced several counter-unmanned-aircraft-system (“C-UAS”) initiatives, including our MERLIN and PAN-DA programs, which apply our tether-deployment technology to non-lethal drone interdiction and defense applications. These developments broaden our reach beyond traditional policing to include defense, homeland security, and other public-safety markets, while maintaining our focus on de-escalation, accountability, and safer outcomes.

Our target market for our product and technology enabled services includes approximately 900,000 full-time sworn law enforcement officers in over 18,000 federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies in the U.S. and over 12 million police officers in more than 100 countries. Additionally, we are exploring opportunities to increase our presence in other adjacent markets, such as military and private security. Our international focus is on countries with the largest police forces. According to 360iResearch, a market research consulting firm, our non-lethal products are part of a global market segment expected to grow to $16.1 billion by 2027.

We focus our efforts on the following products and services:

BolaWrap Remote Restraint Device - a hand-held remote restraint device that discharges a seven and half-foot Kevlar tether to entangle an individual at a range of 10-25 feet. BolaWrap assists law enforcement to safely and effectively control encounters early without resorting to painful use of force options.

Wrap Reality - a law enforcement 3D training system employing immersive computer graphics VR with proprietary software-enabled content. It allows up to two participants to enter a simulated training environment simultaneously, and customized weapons controllers enable trainees to engage in strategic decision making along the force continuum. Wrap Reality has 45 scenarios for law enforcement and corrections and 15 scenarios for societal reentry. Wrap Reality is one of the most robust 3D Virtual Reality solutions on the market for law enforcement and societal reentry today.

Wrap Intrensic - a Body-Worn Camera and Digital Evidence Management solutions provider. BWC and DEM play crucial roles in capturing, storing, and managing digital evidence, such as video and audio recordings for various purposes, including criminal investigations and maintaining transparency in public interactions. The Wrap Intrensic X2 camera hardware and storage and data management capability, along with awareness of front-line operations, provides customers with a solution to meet their challenges. Wrap Intrensic Evidence on our cloud-based video storage platform provides an unlimited video storage platform that includes video and other evidence uploading, search, retrieval, redaction, and evidence sharing while reducing the need for resources required to manage this evidence.

WrapTactics Digital Training Platform - a subscription-based digital learning and training system that delivers short-form, scenario-based courses focused on pre-escalation tactics, emotional regulation, and post-deployment control techniques. The platform reinforces officer readiness through burst-learning modules and supports recurring-revenue opportunities by integrating with Wrap’s bundled offerings, WrapReady and WrapPlus. WrapTactics includes an exclusive partnership with STORM Training Group, whose evidence-based defensive-tactics curriculum is incorporated into Wrap’s subscription ecosystem to provide post-BolaWrap arrest and control instruction

WrapReality Training Simulator- a fully immersive VR training simulator that provides first responders with realistic, interactive scenarios designed to improve decision-making under pressure. The system continues to expand its content library and complements WrapTactics and BolaWrap deployments.

WrapVision Body-Worn Camera and Evidence Management System - a North American-made, Trade Agreements Act-compliant body-worn camera solution designed for law enforcement, public-safety, and healthcare users. The device integrates LTE, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and VPN connectivity for secure live streaming, provides up to twelve hours of operation per charge, and is compatible with leading video-management platforms. WrapVision complements our pre-escalation and accountability initiatives by offering secure domestic data storage and alignment with federal procurement standards.

C-UAS and Drone-Based Solutions - we have expanded into the C-UAS and aerial-interdiction markets through multiple research, development, and demonstration programs including:

• MERLIN 1- a lightweight, modular, open-architecture system that equips drones and ground robots with Wraps BolaWrap cassette and multi-shot 1KC entanglement cassette for rapid, low-collateral interdiction of Group-1 UAS threats. Designed for plug-and-play integration and tool-less reload, it delivers precise effects and operator-simple controls for public safety and defense missions.
• Project PAN-DA (Personal Anti-Drone Armament) - a handheld, surface-to-air, quick-reaction C-UAS launcher derived from the BolaWrap 150 platform, providing individual operators with a portable non-lethal defense capability against small drones.
• 1KC Wide Area Kinetic Anti-Drone Cassette - a patent-pending, modular cassette designed for integration with PAN-DA and MERLIN systems to enable wide-area coverage and multiple drone engagements per mission.

In addition to the U.S. law enforcement market, we have shipped our restraint products to 62 countries. We have distribution agreements with 22 international distributors covering 43 countries. We focus significant sales, training and business development efforts to support our distribution network in addition to our internal sales team.

We focus significant resources on research and development innovations and continue to enhance our products and plan to introduce new products. We believe we have established a strong brand and market presence globally and have established significant competitive advantages in our markets.

Recent Developments

Leadership Changes

In the third and fourth quarters of 2025, the Company strengthened its leadership team with several key appointments. On July 2, 2025, Dr. Todd Larson, was named Strategic Advisor to lead the development of WrapTactics. On September 24, 2025, Joseph Cameron was appointed Chief Revenue Officer of the Company, and on October 27, 2025, Braden Frame was appointed Chief Commercial Officer of the Company.

On October 21, 2025, the Company and Jerry Ratigan, who served as the Company’s Chief Financial Officer, Principal Accounting Officer and Principal Financial Officer, mutually agreed to the separation of Mr. Ratigan from such roles, effective as of October 24, 2025. The terms of Mr. Ratigan’s separation from the Company have been memorialized pursuant to a General Release and Severance Agreement, dated as of October 21, 2025 (the “Separation Agreement”). Pursuant to the Separation Agreement, Mr. Ratigan is entitled to receive a severance payment in an amount equal to $50,000, representing three months of Mr. Ratigan’s base salary, less all lawful and authorized withholdings and deductions, payable in a lump sum on the Company’s first regular pay date following the Effective Date (as defined in the Separation Agreement). In exchange for the consideration provided to Mr. Ratigan in the Separation Agreement, Mr. Ratigan agreed to waive and release any claims in connection with Mr. Ratigan’s employment and separation from the Company.

In connection with Mr. Ratigan’s separation, on October 25, 2025, the board of directors of the Company appointed Scot Cohen, to the position of Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer, effective as of October 25, 2025. On October 25, 2025, the Board increased the size of the Board to six (6) members and appointed John Shulman to serve as a member of the Company’s Board, to serve until the Company’s next annual meeting of stockholders or until his successor is duly elected and qualified. Mr. Shulman will be entitled to the standard compensation paid by the Company to all its nonemployee directors under the Company’s director compensation program.

Business and Product Developments

In the third and fourth quarters of 2025, we announced the following relating to our business and products:

• In August 2025, we launched WrapVision, a North American-made, Trade Agreements Act-compliant, all-in-one body-worn-camera and digital-evidence-management platform for law enforcement, public-safety, and healthcare users. WrapVision integrates secure data storage, LTE connectivity, and compatibility with major video-management systems.
• In August 2025, we initiated our Drone Counter-UAS R&D Program, adapting the BolaWrap 150 for kinetic aerial delivery. The program’s first concept, Wrap MERLIN-1, is a modular drone-mounted payload engineered to entangle and neutralize hostile drones mid-flight, representing our first entry into the defense and allied-operations market.
• In August 2025, we unveiled Project PAN-DA, a handheld, surface-to-air, quick-reaction C-UAS concept derived from our BolaWrap 150 platform. PAN-DA is intended to provide individual operators with a portable, non-lethal defense tool capable of disabling small unmanned aerial systems at close range.
• In August 2025, we introduced the 1KC Wide Area Kinetic Anti-Drone Cassette, a patent-pending modular payload designed for defense and homeland-security operators. The 1KC system extends our C-UAS portfolio by enabling multi-drone interdiction capability using tether-and-anchor technology.
• In November 2025, in collaboration with Vector, we achieved the first known air-to-air interdiction using our BolaWrap entanglement system. The successful demonstration of the MERLIN-Interdictor payload on Vector’s Hammer drone platform bolstered our C-UAS program and demonstrated the feasibility of non-lethal aerial interdiction in live-flight conditions.

Strategic Partnerships

On October 2, 2025, we announced a strategic partnership with Carahsoft Technology Corp. (“Carahsoft”). Under the agreement, Carahsoft will serve as Wrap's Master Government Aggregator, making our portfolio of technologies available to the public sector through Carahsoft's reseller partners and National Association of State Procurements Officials (NASPO) ValuePoint and OMNIA Partners contracts.

Acquisition of W1

On February 18, 2025, we entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement, dated as of February 18, 2025, pursuant to which, subject to the terms and conditions set forth therein, we acquired substantially all the assets of W1 Global, LLC, (“W1”) used in, held for use in or relating to the business of advisory and investigative professional services, which were primarily the customer contracts assigned at the closing, for a nominal purchase price.

The company acquired W1 Global to integrate technology enablement into its core offerings and expand into managed technology services supporting the BolaWrap go-to-market strategy. Following a third-quarter evaluation, the company determined that W1’s investigative services were not essential to Wrap’s domestic or international expansion; however, customers strongly valued managed services related to policy and training. As a result, Wrap will continue focusing on managed services in policy governance and training to advance the next era of non-lethal technology development, delivering an integrated response package that combines technology with the support, policy alignment, and governance needed for adoption at the state and federal levels.

Entry into Series B Securities Purchase Agreement

On August 18, 2025, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Series B Purchase Agreement”) with certain accredited investors (collectively, the “Series B Purchasers”) for the issuance and sale in a private placement (the “Series B Private Placement”) of an aggregate of (i) 4,500 shares of the Company’s newly-designated Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, with a par value of $0.0001 per share and a stated value of $1,000 per share, initially convertible into up to 3,000,000 shares of Common Stock, at an initial conversion price of $1.50 per share (the “Series B Preferred Stock”), and (ii) accompanying warrants (“Series B Warrants”) to purchase up to 3,000,000 shares of Common Stock, with an initial exercise price of $1.50 per share. The Series B Warrants and the shares of Series B Preferred Stock will be exercisable or convertible, respectively, into shares of Common Stock (“Series B Conversion Shares”) beginning on the effective date of stockholder approval of (i) under Nasdaq Stock Market Rule 5635(d), the issuance of shares of Common Stock in excess of 19.99% of the Company’s issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock at prices below the “Minimum Price” (as defined in Rule 5635 of the Rules of the Nasdaq Stock Market) on the date of the Series B Purchase Agreement pursuant to the terms of the Series B Preferred Stock and the Series B Warrants, and (ii) an increase in the authorized shares of the Company (the “Series B Stockholder Approval”). As of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the Company has not obtained the Series B Stockholder Approval. However, the Company plans to hold a special meeting of its stockholders on December 12, 2025, to, among other things, obtain the Series B Stockholder Approval. The Series B Warrants will expire five years from the effective date of the Series B Stockholder Approval. On August 20, 2025, the Company filed the Certificate of Designations of Series B Preferred Stock with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware (the “Series B Certificate of Designations”), thereby creating the Series B Preferred Stock. The Series B Certificate of Designations became effective with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware upon filing. The terms of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock are as set forth in the Series B Certificate of Designations.

Business Outlook and Challenges

We believe our Company’s products and solutions are gaining global recognition and awareness through various channels such as social media, trade shows, and media exposure, among others. In part, this recognition and awareness can be attributed to positive feedback from law enforcement agencies and the successful deployment of our products. As a result, we believe our brand is becoming increasingly recognized on a global scale as a leader in pre-escalation and non-lethal solutions.

In addition, we are focused on sales, marketing, public and investor relations efforts. We believe there are increasing market opportunities for our products and solutions in the law enforcement and security sectors worldwide. These opportunities are driven by the increasing demand for less-lethal policing.

In the law enforcement sector, our BolaWrap product has been successfully deployed in the field, as reported by many agencies. BolaWrap is now in use by over 900 U.S. law enforcement agencies and in 62 countries. Due to its non-lethal, non-pain-based-compliance capabilities, some agencies do not deem its usage a categorical reportable use of force and rather place it underneath early use of force such as handcuffs. In our strategic roadmap, we clarified that law enforcement agencies deploy BolaWrap when verbal commands breakdown but long before there is justifiable escalation to pepper spray, pepper ball, batons, bean bags, tasers or Conducted Electrical Weapons (CEW’s) or firearms.

Some agencies voluntarily report usage to Wrap but many do not. In the usage reports we have been provided, officers have reported successful outcomes in 85% of the use cases. This percentage is higher than what is often seen with less lethal tools. From the information we have been provided, the most common BolaWrap use case is for individuals with or experiencing behavioral health issues, and the second most common BolaWrap use case is during domestic violence calls.

There are many reasons why we may not receive reports on all the use of the BolaWrap, including, when uses of BolaWrap are considered evidence in ongoing criminal cases, are controlled by local policy or regulation, or require officer and union permission to be shared with us. However, some agencies have shared bodycam footage of successful field deployments with us, which we may use in our training and education efforts. We believe that as the reports of BolaWrap’s effectiveness in pre-escalation continue to increase, it will contribute to our future revenue growth.

We anticipate and believe that our portfolio of non-lethal, non-pain-based compliance products and training services has a strong and expanding pipeline of market opportunities in the law enforcement, military, corrections, and homeland security sectors both domestically and internationally. With the increasing demand for more humane and safer policing practices, we expect a continued surge in our global business. Currently, we are exploring major international business prospects while simultaneously seeking to establish relationships with large police agencies in the U.S. However, we acknowledge that it is challenging to predict the exact timeline for closing these deals, or whether they will ultimately materialize.

As part of our efforts to expand our sales and distribution operations, we provide a comprehensive training program for law enforcement officers and trainers in using the BolaWrap. This training equips them with knowledge about the appropriate use and limitations of BolaWrap in tandem with modern policing techniques for de-escalation of encounters. We now focus on also teaching when and why BolaWrap should be used, including the specific area of success, such as after verbal commands break down and before the law enforcement officer is ready to escalate to less lethal pain compliance tools. We believe that law enforcement trainers and officers who have been trained to use our products, or have witnessed demonstrations, are more inclined to support the acquisition and deployment of our products by their respective departments to drive successful outcomes. As of September 30, 2025, over 1,590 agencies have received BolaWrap training with over 5,600 training officers at those agencies certified as BolaWrap instructors and qualified to train the rest of their departments, representing a 4% increase in agencies and a 3% increase in trained officers as compared to September 30, 2024.

Operating expense of $3.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 decreased by $0.3 million, when compared to $3.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, as a result of the Company’s ongoing cost containment initiatives enacted beginning during the first half of 2024. Operating expense of $11.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 decreased by $1.5 million, when compared to $13.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

Although geopolitical tensions and macroeconomic challenges have affected our quarterly results in the past and may in the future, we believe our Company is uniquely positioned to provide lifesaving technologies and training that enable law enforcement officers worldwide to conduct safe and effective encounters while reducing the use of force. With an increasing addressable market, the Company offers what we believe is a unique value proposition. Our improved pricing strategy, coupled with reduced operating expenses and our growing sales outlook, is expected to help reduce losses and improve cash flow in the future.

We plan to increase the number of product demonstrations and training sessions, particularly in international markets. Our new focus on the when and why BolaWrap is used has shown improved results. This is a departure from the hardware product only approach of the past. Our sales of the BolaWrap 150 and Wrap Reality are expected to continue to rise, aided by our ongoing cost savings and cost control measures, which we expect to lead to an overall reduction in cash burn.

As of September 30, 2025, we had backlog of approximately $80 thousand which was expected to be delivered in the fourth quarter of 2025. Additionally, as of September 30, 2025, we had deferred revenue of $400 thousand consisting of $39 thousand related to VR, $289 thousand related to Intrensic, $35 thousand related to BolaWrap extended warranties and services and $37 thousand related to training. Distributor and customer orders for future deliveries are generally subject to modification, rescheduling or in some instances, cancellation, in the normal course of business.

We believe that we have adequate financial resources to sustain our operations for the next twelve months. We recorded net loss from operations of $2.8 million during the three months ended September 30, 2025, compared to a net loss from operations of $3.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024; primarily driven by a decrease in operating expenses. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, we recorded net loss from operations of $9.5 and $10.9 million, respectively; primarily driven by a decrease in operating expenses. Net cash used in operations increased by $0.7 million, from a net cash used in operating activities of $6.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, to net cash used in operating activities of $7.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025.

We expect that we will continue to innovate new applications for our public safety technology, open new geographies, develop new products and technologies to meet diverse customer requirements and identify and develop new markets for our products.

Supply chain disruptions could also affect our operations and could negatively impact our ability to source materials, manufacture and distribute products in the future. Moreover, financial markets continue to experience significant volatility, which could potentially affect our ability to enter or modify favorable terms and conditions regarding equity and debt financing activities. Nevertheless, we had $6.0 million in cash and cash equivalents as of September 30, 2025 as compared to $3.6 million as of December 31, 2024. We therefore believe we have sufficient capital to fund our operations for the next twelve months following the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. However, we may require additional working capital and liquidity constraints and access to capital markets could still negatively affect our liquidity and may require changes to our plan of operations.

Our Company may be positively or negatively impacted by continued social unrest and protests against law enforcement. Such unrest may be further fueled by misleading information or negative publicity about our solutions. We believe our solutions are the answer to reducing use of force and driving safer outcomes for officers and the citizens they interact with each day. Although the intensity of these events may have subsided, some may still indirectly or directly, influence police agency budgets and the funding available to current and potential customers. In addition, participants in these events may attempt to create the impression that our solutions are contributing to the perceived problems, potentially harming our business and operations, including our revenues, earnings, and cash flows from operations.

Changes in our management and other critical personnel have the potential to positively or negatively affect our business. Such disruptions could have an adverse impact on our operations, programs, growth, financial condition, or results of operations. On the other hand, improvements in our operations, operating expenses, and go-to-market approaches could positively influence the success of our business in the future.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expense, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We evaluate our estimates, on an on-going basis, including those estimates related to recognition and measurement of contingencies and accrued expense. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

As part of the process of preparing our financial statements, we are required to estimate our provision for income taxes. Significant management judgment is required in determining our provision for income taxes, deferred tax assets and liabilities, tax contingencies, unrecognized tax benefits, and any required valuation allowance, including taking into consideration the probability of the tax contingencies being incurred. Management assesses this probability based upon information provided by its tax advisers, its legal advisers and similar tax cases. If later our assessment of the probability of these tax contingencies changes, our accrual for such tax uncertainties may increase or decrease. Our effective tax rate for annual and interim reporting periods could be impacted if uncertain tax positions that are not recognized are settled at an amount which differs from our estimates.

Some of our accounting policies require higher degrees of judgment than others in application. These include share-based compensation and contingencies and areas such as revenue recognition, allowance for doubtful accounts, valuation of inventory and intangible assets, warranty liabilities and impairments.

Revenue Recognition. We sell our products to customers including law enforcement agencies, domestic distributors and international distributors and revenue from such transactions is recognized in the periods that products are shipped (free on board (“FOB”) shipping point) or received by customers (FOB destination), when the fee is fixed or determinable and when collection of resulting receivables is reasonably assured. We identify customer performance obligations, determine the transaction price, allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations and recognize revenue as we satisfy the performance obligations. Our primary performance obligations are products/accessories and VR software licensing or sale. Our customers do not have the right to return product unless the product is found to be defective.

Share-Based Compensation. We follow the fair value recognition provisions issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 718, Stock Compensation (“ASC 718”) and we adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2018-07 for share-based transactions with non-employees. Share-based compensation expense recognized includes stock option and restricted stock unit compensation expense. The grant date fair value of stock options is determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The grant date is the date at which an employer and employee or non-employee reach a mutual understanding of the key terms and conditions of a share-based payment award. The Black-Scholes option-pricing model requires inputs including the market price of the Company’s Common Stock on the date of grant, the term that the stock options are expected to be outstanding, the implied stock volatilities of several publicly traded peers over the expected term of stock options, risk-free interest rate and expected dividend. Each of these inputs is subjective and generally requires significant judgment to determine. The grant date fair value of restricted stock units is based upon the market price of the Company’s Common Stock on the date of the grant. We determine the amount of share-based compensation expense based on awards that we ultimately expect to vest and account for forfeitures as they occur. The fair value of share-based compensation is amortized to compensation expense over the vesting term.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts. Our products are sold to customers in many different markets and geographic locations. We estimate our bad debt reserve on a case-by-case basis and the aging of accounts due to a limited number of customers, mostly government agencies or well-established distributors. We base these estimates on many factors including customer creditworthiness, past transaction history with the customer, current economic industry trends and changes in customer payment terms. Our judgments and estimates regarding the collectability of accounts receivable have an impact on our financial statements.

Valuation of Inventory. Our inventory is comprised of raw materials, assemblies and finished products. We must periodically make judgments and estimates regarding the future utility and carrying value of our inventory. The carrying value of our inventory is periodically reviewed and impairments, if any, are recognized when the expected future benefit from our inventory is less than carrying value.

Valuation of Intangible Assets. Intangible assets consisted of (a) capitalized legal fees and filing expense related to obtaining patents and trademarks, (b) customer agreements, tradenames, software, non-solicitation and non-compete agreements acquired in business combinations and valued at fair value at the acquisition date, and (c) the purchase cost of indefinite-lived website domains. We must make judgments and estimates regarding the future utility and carrying value of intangible assets. The carrying values of such assets are periodically reviewed and impairments, if any, are recognized when the expected future benefit to be derived from an individual intangible asset is less than carrying value. This generally could occur when certain assets are no longer consistent with our business strategy and whose expected future value has decreased.

Accrued Expense. We establish a warranty reserve based on anticipated warranty claims at the time product revenue is recognized. This reserve requires us to make estimates regarding the amount and costs of warranty repairs we expect to make over a period of time. Factors affecting warranty reserve levels include the number of units sold, anticipated cost of warranty repairs, and anticipated rates of warranty claims. We have a very limited history to make such estimates and warranty estimates have an impact on our financial statements. Warranty expense is recorded in cost of revenue. We evaluate the adequacy of this reserve each reporting period.

Warrants. The Company accounts for warrants as liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of the warrant’s specific terms and applicable authoritative guidance in Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (“ASC 480”) and ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”). The assessment considers whether the warrants are freestanding financial instruments pursuant to ASC 480, meet the definition of a liability pursuant to ASC 480, and whether the warrants meet all of the requirements for equity classification under ASC 815, including whether the warrants are indexed to the Company’s own shares of Common Stock and whether the warrant holders could potentially require “net cash settlement” in a circumstance outside of the Company’s control, among other conditions for equity classification. This assessment, which requires the use of professional judgment, is conducted at the time of warrant issuance and as of each subsequent quarterly period end date while the warrants are outstanding. As of September 30, 2025, all warrants are classified as equity-classified instruments.

Business Combination. The Company accounts for its business combinations under the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 805-10, Business Combinations (“ASC 805-10”), which requires that the purchase method of accounting be used for all business combinations. Assets acquired and liabilities assumed, including non-controlling interests, are recorded at the date of acquisition at their respective fair values. The estimated fair value of net assets acquired, including the allocation of the fair value to identifiable assets and liabilities, was determined using established valuation techniques. ASC 805-10 also specifies criteria that intangible assets acquired in a business combination must meet to be recognized and reported apart from goodwill. Goodwill represents the excess purchase price over the fair value of the tangible net assets and intangible assets acquired in a business combination. Acquisition-related expenses are recognized separately from the business combinations and are expensed as incurred.

The estimated fair value of the acquired intangible assets was determined using a method which reflects the present value of the operating cash flows generated by this asset after taking into account the cost to realize the revenue, and an appropriate discount rate to reflect the time value and risk associated with the invested capital.

Certain adjustments to the assessed fair values of the assets and liabilities made subsequent to the acquisition date, but within the measurement period, which is up to one year, are recorded as adjustments to goodwill. Any adjustments subsequent to the measurement period are recorded in income.

Historically, our assumptions, judgments and estimates relative to our critical accounting policies have not differed materially from actual results. There were no significant changes or modification of our critical accounting policies and estimates involving management valuation adjustments affecting our results for the period ended September 30, 2025. Our accounting policies are more fully described in Note 1. Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in the notes to our audited consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, as filed with the SEC on March 31, 2025, as amended on April 25, 2025.

Segment and Related Information

The Company operates as a single segment. The Company’s chief operating decision maker is Scot Cohen, the Company’s Executive Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, who manages operations for purposes of allocating resources. Refer to Note 15. Major Customers and Related Information, to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further discussion.

Operating Expense

Our operating expense includes (i) selling, general and administrative expense, (ii) research and development expense, and in the most recent fiscal quarter, and (iii) product line exit expense. Research and development expense is comprised of the costs incurred in performing research and development activities and developing production on our behalf, including compensation and consulting, design and prototype costs, contract services, patent costs and other outside expense. The scope and magnitude of our future research and development expense is difficult to predict at this time and will depend on elections made regarding research projects, staffing levels and outside consulting and contract costs. The future level of selling, general and administrative expense will be dependent on staffing levels, elections regarding expenditures on sales, marketing and customer training, the use of outside resources, public company and regulatory expense, and other factors, some of which are outside of our control.

We expect our operating costs to remain flat or slightly increase depending on the scope of additional sales and marketing initiatives. We may incur additional non-cash share-based compensation costs depending on future options and restricted stock unit grants that are impacted by stock prices and other valuation factors. Historical expenditures are not indicative of future expenditures.

Results of Operations

Three Months Ended September 30, 2025, Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 (Unaudited)

The following table sets forth for the periods indicated certain items of our condensed consolidated statement of operations. The financial information and the discussion below should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

(in thousands, except percentage change)

Revenue

We reported gross revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2025 of $2.0 million, an increase of 241% compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024. We reported net revenue of $1.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025, as compared to $593 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2024, or a 151% increase. The gross revenue and net revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was offset by a sales return and allowances of $0.5 million related to the return of product from a distributor in connection with a change in the Company’s go-to-market strategy. The increase for the three months ended September 30, 2025, as compared to September 30, 2024, is primarily a result of increases in product sales combined with added revenue from managed services.

Gross Profit

Our gross profit for the three months ended September 30, 2025, was $0.9 million, or a gross margin of 59%. Our gross profit for the three months ended September 30, 2024, was $235 thousand, or a gross margin of 40%. The increase in gross profit represented a 276% increase compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024, because of increased volume of the Bola Wrap 150 product sales and the added high-margin revenue from the Company’s acquisition of W1 in February 2025.

Our margins are subject to variations based on the sales channels and product mix through which our products are sold. At present, our cassettes have lower margins than BolaWrap devices. As we scale cassette production, we will look to reduce our costs and drive higher cassette margins. Cassettes were a total of 6% of product sales and 7% of our overall revenue in the three months ended September 30, 2025, and is expected to continue to grow as a recurring revenue base as more BolaWrap devices are in the field and the usage of BolaWrap increases.

Our global supply chain has experienced notable component shortages, extended lead times, cost fluctuations, and logistical constraints, all of which have affected our product costs. Although we have seen these supply chain obstacles ease in 2025, we acknowledge that future supplier shortages, quality problems, and logistics delays could impact our production schedules and have a material negative impact on our financial condition, results of operation, and cash flows.

Selling, General and Administrative Expense

Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expense of $3.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025, an increase of $0.2 million when compared to $3.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The increase in SG&A expense was primarily the result of increased professional fees.

Share-based compensation costs allocated to SG&A totaled $0.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $0.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, primarily due to the cancellation or forfeiture of options and grants.

Salaries and burden costs of $1.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025, were $0.2 million higher than the three months ended September 30, 2024. This increase reflects the addition of high-caliber talent offset by a decrease in share-based compensation, coupled with ongoing cost containment efforts, during the three months ended September 30, 2025, as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024.

Advertising and promotion costs were $80 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2025, or a decrease of $1 thousand as compared to $81 thousand during the three months ended September 30, 2024. The changes in advertising costs were primarily related to increased promotion and advertising activities, partially offset by decreases in tradeshow and promotional item expenses.

Research and Development Expense

Research and development expenses totaling $167 thousand decreased by $360 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2025, when compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024. We incurred a $375 thousand period-over-period decrease in compensation expense as well as a $12 thousand period-over-period decrease in share-based compensation expense allocated to research and development expense because of reduction of personnel. Outside consulting costs decreased by $21 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2025, when compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024, primarily due to the Company’s cost reduction initiatives.

Operating Loss

Loss from operations of $2.8 million during the three months ended September 30, 2025, was an improvement of $0.9 million compared to loss from operations of $3.6 million during the three months ended September 30, 2024, primarily reflecting the increased revenues offset by lower operating costs from the Company’s cost containment efforts.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025, Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 (Unaudited)

The following table sets forth for the periods indicated certain items of our condensed consolidated statement of operations. The financial information and the discussion below should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

(in thousands, except percentage change)

Revenue

Gross revenue totaled $3.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, as compared to $3.6 million in the three months ended September 30, 2024. Net revenue totaled $3.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, as compared to $3.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, or a 10% decrease. The gross revenue and net revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was offset by a sales return and allowances of $0.5 million related to the return of product from a distributor in connection with a change in the Company’s go-to-market strategy. The decrease for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, as compared to September 30, 2024, is primarily a result of lower product orders offset by the added managed services revenue from the acquisition of the W1 business.

Gross Profit

Our gross profit for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, was $2.0 million, or a gross margin of 61%. Our gross profit for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, was $2.1 million, or a gross margin of 56%. The decrease in gross profit represented a 4% decrease compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024, because of lower volume of the Bola Wrap 150 product sales offset by the added high-margin revenue from the Company’s acquisition of W1 in February 2025.

Our margins are also subject to variations based on the sales channels and product mix through which our products are sold. At present, our cassettes have lower margins than BolaWrap devices. As we scale cassette production, we will look to reduce our costs and drive higher cassette margins. Cassettes were a total of 9% of our product sales and 6% of overall revenue in the nine months ended September 30, 2025, and is expected to continue to grow as a recurring revenue base as more BolaWrap devices are in the field and the usage of BolaWrap increases due to the need of officers to de-escalate earlier to prevent injuries and use of higher levels of force.

We regularly introduce updates and revisions to our products, which may include changes to raw materials and components, and can impact on our product costs. Given our limited experience with warranty costs, our estimated future warranty expense may affect our gross margins. Our global supply chain has experienced notable component shortages, extended lead times, cost fluctuations, and logistical constraints, all of which have affected our product costs. Although we have seen these supply chain obstacles ease in 2025, we acknowledge that future supplier shortages, quality problems, and logistics delays could impact our production schedules and have a material negative impact on our financial condition, results of operation, and cash flows.

Selling, General and Administrative Expense

Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expense of $10.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, was reduced by $0.1 million when compared to $11.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The decrease in SG&A expense was primarily the result of the Company’s cost containment initiatives enacted beginning during the first half of 2024 which were offset by an increase of $1.0 million in share-based compensation.

Share-based compensation costs allocated to SG&A totaled $3.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $1.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, primarily due to options and grants issued to new employees as a result of the acquisition of W1 in February 2025, as well as incentives provided to certain key senior level management in 2025.

Salaries and burden costs of $3.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, were $180 thousand lower than the $3.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. This reduction reflects the reduction in the Company’s workforce including a reduction of certain executive management positions.

Advertising and promotion costs were $205 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, or a decrease of $63 thousand as compared to $268 thousand during the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The changes in advertising costs were primarily related to reduced trade show costs and promotional items.

Research and Development Expense

Research and development expenses totaling $619 thousand decreased by $1.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, when compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024, primarily due to a reduction in personnel. Outside consulting costs decreased by $164 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, when compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024, primarily due to the Company’s cost reduction initiatives

Operating Loss

Loss from operations totaled $9.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, which was a decrease of $1.4 million compared to loss from operations of $10.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024, reflecting the reduced revenues offset by lower operating costs from the Company’s cost containment efforts.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Overview

Our primary source of liquidity to date has been funding from our stockholders from the sale of equity securities and the exercise of derivative securities, consisting of options and warrants. We expect our primary source of future liquidity will be from the sale of products, exercise of stock options and warrants and future equity or debt financing.

We have experienced net losses and negative cash flows from operations since our inception. As of September 30, 2025, we had cash and cash equivalents of $6.0 million and had sustained cumulative losses attributable to stockholders of $112.0 million. Our working capital net of the warrants-short term as of September 30, 2025, was $3.6 million higher compared to December 31, 2024, primarily as a result of the cash received in the Private Placement (as defined herein) offset by operating losses of $9.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025. We believe we have sufficient capital to fund our operations for the next twelve months from the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. However, liquidity constraints and access to capital markets could still negatively affect our liquidity and may require changes to our investment strategy.

Capital Requirements

Our future liquidity requirements or future capital needs will depend on, among other things, capital required to introduce new products and the operational staffing and support requirements, as well as the timing and amount of future revenue and product costs. We anticipate that demands for operating and working capital may grow depending on decisions on staffing, development, production, marketing, training and other functions and based on other factors outside of our control, including the timing of receipt of revenue.

Our future capital requirements, cash flows and results of operations could be affected by, and will depend on, many factors, some of which are currently unknown to us, including, among other things:

• Decisions regarding staffing, development, production, marketing and other functions;
• The timing and extent of market acceptance of our products;
• Costs, timing and outcome of planned production and required customer and regulatory compliance of our products;
• Costs of preparing, filing and prosecuting our patent applications and defending any future intellectual property-related claims;
• Costs and timing of additional product development;
• Costs, timing and outcome of any future warranty claims or litigation against us associated with any of our products;
• Ability to collect accounts receivable; and
• Timing and costs associated with any new financing.

Principal factors that could affect our ability to obtain cash from external sources including from exercise of outstanding warrants and options include:

• Volatility in the capital markets; and
• Market price and trading volume of our Common Stock.

2023 Offering

On June 29, 2023, the Company entered into a Series Purchase Agreement (“Series A Purchase Agreement”) with certain accredited investors, including the Company’s Executive Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (collectively, the “Series A Investors”), pursuant to which it agreed to sell to the Series A Investors in a registered direct offering (the “Series A Offering”) (i) an aggregate of 10,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock, initially convertible into up to 6,896,553 shares of the Company’s Common Stock, at an initial conversion price of $1.45 per share (the "Series A Conversion Price"), and (ii) warrants (the “Series A Warrants”) to acquire up to an aggregate of 6,896,553 shares of Common Stock (the “Series A Warrant Shares”). The Series A Conversion Price of the Series A Preferred Stock is subject to customary adjustments for stock dividends, stock splits, reclassifications and the like, and subject to price-based adjustment in the event of any issuances of Common Stock, or securities convertible, exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock, at a price below the then-applicable Series A Conversion Price (subject to certain exceptions). The closing of the Series A Offering occurred on July 3, 2023. The aggregate gross proceeds from the Series A Offering were $10 million. The Company expects to use the net proceeds from the Series A Offering for general corporate purposes.

The Company engaged Katalyst Securities LLC (the “Placement Agent”) to act as exclusive placement agent in connection with the Series A Offering. Pursuant to an Engagement Letter with the Placement Agent, we paid to the Placement Agent or its designees (i) a cash fee equal to 8% of the gross proceeds of the Series A Offering and (ii) warrants to purchase an aggregate of 551,725 shares of Common Stock (equal to 8% of the shares of Common Stock underlying the Series A Preferred Stock sold in the Series A Offering) at an exercise price of $1.45 per share.

Series A Preferred Stock

On July 3, 2023, the Company filed the Certificate of Designations of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Series A Certificate of Designations”) with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, designating 10,000 shares of its Preferred Stock as Series A Convertible Preferred Stock. The Series A Preferred Stock is convertible into shares of Common Stock (the “Series A Conversion Shares”) at the election of the holder at any time at an initial conversion price of $1.45. The Series A Conversion Price is subject to customary adjustments for stock dividends, stock splits, reclassifications and the like, and subject to price-based adjustment in the event of any issuances of Common Stock, or securities convertible, exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock, at a price below the then-applicable Series A Conversion Price (subject to certain exceptions).

The holders of the Series A Preferred Stock are entitled to dividends of 8% per annum, compounded monthly, which are payable in cash or shares of Common Stock, or a combination thereof, at the Company’s option in accordance with the terms of the Series A Certificate of Designations. Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of a Triggering Event (as defined in the Series A Certificate of Designations), the Series A Preferred Stock will accrue dividends at the rate of 20% per annum. If the Company elects to pay any dividends in shares of Common Stock, the Series A Conversion Price used to calculate the number of shares issuable will equal to the lower of (i) the then applicable Series A Conversion Price and (ii) 85% of the arithmetic average of the three (3) lowest closing prices of the Company’s Common Stock during the twenty (20) consecutive trading day period ending on the trading day immediately preceding the dividend payment date, provided that such price shall not be lower than the lower of (x) $0.2828 (subject to adjustment for stock splits, stock dividends, stock combinations, recapitalizations or other similar events ) and (y) 20% of the “Minimum Price” (as defined in Nasdaq Stock Market Rule 5635) on the date of the requisite stockholder approval (subject to adjustment for stock splits, stock dividends, stock combinations, recapitalizations or other similar events) or, in any case, such lower amount as permitted, from time to time, by the Nasdaq Stock Market.

On August 19, 2024, the Company entered into an Amendment Agreement (the “August 2024 Amendment”) with the Required Holders (as defined in the Series A Certificate of Designations). Pursuant to the August 2024 Amendment, the Required Holders agreed that (A) the unpaid and accrued dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock due July 1, 2024 (the “July Delinquent Dividend Amount”), shall be payable, at the option of the Company, in (i) cash and/or (ii) shares of Common Stock, at a price per share of Common Stock equal to the lower of (x) $1.00 and (y) the Dividend Conversion Price (as defined in the Series A Certificate of Designations), using July 1, 2024, as the applicable date of determination in accordance with the Series A Certificate of Designations; (B) the dividends due on October 1, 2024 (the “October Dividend Amount” and, together with the July Delinquent Dividend Amount, the “Delinquent Dividend Amounts”), shall be payable in shares of Common Stock based on a per share price of Common Stock equal to 80% of the arithmetic average of the three (3) lowest closing sale prices of the Common Stock during the month of September 2024; and (C) such Delinquent Dividend Amounts and any Dividend Balance Shares (as defined in the Series A Certificate of Designations), with respect thereto, if applicable, shall be delivered on October 1, 2024. The Company and the Required Holders further agreed pursuant to the August 2024 Amendment to amend (i) the Series A Certificate of Designations, as described below, by filing a Certificate of Amendment to the Series A Certificate of Designations (the “August 2024 Certificate of Amendment”) and (ii) the Series A Purchase Agreement to amend the definition of “Excluded Securities.” The August 2024 Certificate of Amendment amends the Series A Certificate of Designations to, among other things, (A) allow for the payment of dividends in the form of Common Stock to a holder of the Series A Preferred Stock who serves as a director, officer or employee of the Company; provided that such issuance is approved by the Company’s stockholders prior to such issuance, and (B) amend certain conditions required for (i) a mandatory conversion of the Series A Preferred Stock, and (ii) the Company’s right to redeem, all or a portion, of the Series A Preferred Stock outstanding pursuant to an optional redemption, in each case, pursuant to the terms of the Series A Certificate of Designations.

On October 14, 2024, the Company entered into an Amendment Agreement with the Required Holders (as defined in the Series A Certificate of Designations), pursuant to which, the Required Holders agreed to amend the Series A Certificate of Designations of the Company’s Series A Preferred Stock, as described below, by filing a Certificate of Amendment to the Series A Certificate of Designations (the “October 2024 Certificate of Amendment”). The October 2024 Certificate of Amendment amends the Series A Certificate of Designations to, among other things, provide that, except as required by applicable law, the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock will be entitled to vote with holders of the Common Stock on an as converted basis, with the number of votes to which each holder of Series A Preferred Stock is entitled to be calculated assuming a conversion price of $1.414 per share, which was the Minimum Price (as defined in Rule 5635 of the Rule of the Nasdaq Stock Market) applicable immediately before the execution and delivery of the Series A Purchase Agreement, subject to certain beneficial ownership limitations as set forth in the Series A Certificate of Designations. The October 2024 Certificate of Amendment further provides that (i) certain holders of the Series A Preferred Stock will not be subject to certain beneficial ownership limitations as described in the Series A Certificate of Designations, and (ii) stockholder approval will not be required in connection with the payment of dividends in the form of Common Stock to a holder of the Series A Preferred Stock who serves as a director, officer or employee of the Company. The October 2024 Certificate of Amendment was filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, effective as of October 14, 2024. The holders of the Series A Preferred Stock have no voting rights, other than with respect to certain matters affecting the rights of the Series A Preferred Stock.

On November 25, 2024, the Company entered into an Amendment and Agreement with the Series A Investors (the “November 2024 Amendment Agreement”), pursuant to which, (i) the Series A Investors agreed to amend the Series A Certificate of Designations, as described below, by filing a Certificate of Amendment to the Series A Certificate of Designations with the Secretary of State (the “November 2024 Certificate of Amendment”), and (ii) the Series A Investors and the Company agreed that all payment amounts that have accrued and are unpaid as of November 25, 2024, pursuant to the Series A Certificate of Designations and the August 2024 Amendment will be satisfied by delivery of shares of Common Stock on or prior to November 25, 2024, with each Series A Investor entitled to receive the number of shares of Common Stock specified below such Series A Investor’s name on its respective signature page thereto. The November 2024 Certificate of Amendment amends the Series A Certificate of Designations to provide that upon the occurrence of a Triggering Event (as defined in the Series A Certificate of Designations), the Series A Preferred Stock will accrue dividends compounded monthly at the rate of 20% per annum. The Certificate of Amendment became effective with the Secretary of State on December 6, 2024.

The Company may require holders to convert their shares of Series A Preferred Stock into shares of Common Stock if the closing price of the Company’s Common Stock exceeds $8.00 per share (subject to adjustment for stock splits, stock dividends, stock combinations, recapitalizations or other similar events) for 20 consecutive trading days and the daily dollar trading volume of the Common Stock exceeds $2,000,000 per day during the same period, provided that certain equity conditions described in the Series A Certificate of Designations are satisfied.

At any time beginning 18 months from the date of the issuance, provided that the Company has filed all reports required to be filed by it pursuant to the Exchange Act on a timely basis for a continuous period of one year and provided further that certain equity conditions described in the Series A Certificate of Designations are satisfied, the Company has the right to redeem in cash all or some of the shares of the Series A Preferred Stock outstanding at such time at a redemption price equal to the product of (x) 125% multiplied by (y) the sum of (A) the stated value of the Series A Preferred Stock plus (B) all declared and unpaid Dividends on such Preferred Stock and any other unpaid amounts then due and payable hereunder with respect to such Series A Preferred Stock, plus (C) the make-whole amount, plus (D) any accrued and unpaid late charges with respect to such stated value and amounts payable pursuant to clause (B) as of such date of determination.

The Certificate of Amendment amends the Series A Certificate of Designations to, among other things, (A) allow for the payment of dividends in the form of Common Stock to a holder of the Series A Preferred Stock who serves as a director, officer or employee of the Company; provided that such issuance is approved by the Company’s stockholders prior to such issuance, and (B) amend certain conditions required for (i) a mandatory conversion of the Series A Preferred Stock, and (ii) the Company’s right to redeem, all or a portion, of the Series A Preferred Stock outstanding pursuant to an optional redemption, in each case, pursuant to the terms of the Series A Certificate of Designations.

There is no established public trading market for the Series A Preferred Stock and we do not intend to list the Series A Preferred Stock on any national securities exchange or nationally recognized trading system.

Warrants

The Company issued the Series A Warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 6,896,553 shares of Common Stock. Each Series A Warrant has an exercise price of $1.45 per share, became exercisable after the date that was six months from the date of issuance and will expire 5 years following the date of issuance. The exercise price is subject to customary adjustments for stock dividends, stock splits, reclassifications and the like, and subject to price-based adjustment, on a “full ratchet” basis, in the event of any issuances of Common Stock, or securities convertible, exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock, at a price below the then-applicable exercise price (subject to certain exceptions).

On June 30, 2025, the Company entered into a warrant amendment (the “Series A Warrant Amendment”) with the Required Holders (as defined in the Series A Purchase Agreement), pursuant to which, the Required Holders agreed to amend the terms of the Series A Warrants to make certain adjustments to the definition of “Black Scholes Value” in each of the Series A Warrants, as described in the Series A Warrant Amendment, such that the underlying price per share as used in such calculation equals the sum of the price per share being offered in cash in the applicable Fundamental Transaction (as defined in the Series A Warrants), if any, plus the value of the non-cash consideration being offered in the applicable Fundamental Transaction, if any. As consideration for entering into the Series A Warrant Amendment, the Company and the Required Holders agreed to amend the term of the Series A Warrants to be six and one-half years from the date of issuance.

Nasdaq Stockholder Approval

The Company’s ability to issue Conversion Shares and Series A Warrant Shares using shares of Common Stock is subject to certain limitations set forth in the Series A Certificate of Designations. Prior to receiving the Nasdaq Stockholder Approval, such limitations included a limit on the number of shares that may be issued until the time, if any, that the Company’s stockholders have approved the issuance of more than 19.99% of the Company’s outstanding shares of Common Stock in accordance with the rules of the Nasdaq Stock Market (the “Nasdaq Stockholder Approval”). Such Nasdaq Stockholder Approval was received at a special meeting of stockholders held on September 19, 2023.

February 2025 Offering

On February 24, 2025, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “PIPE Purchase Agreement”) with certain accredited investors (collectively, the “PIPE Purchasers”) for the issuance and sale in a private placement (the “Private Placement”) of an aggregate of 3,216,666 shares (the “Common Shares”) of Common Stock and accompanying warrants (“PIPE Warrants”) to purchase up to 3,216,666 shares of Common Stock, with an exercise price of $1.80 per share. The purchase price for one Common Share and accompanying PIPE Warrant was $1.80. The gross proceeds to the Company were $5,790 before estimated offering expenses payable by the Company.

On June 30, 2025, the Company entered into a warrant amendment (the “2025 Warrant Amendment”) with certain of the PIPE Purchasers, pursuant to which, such PIPE Purchasers agreed to amend the terms of their respective PIPE Warrants to make certain adjustments to the definition of “Black Scholes Value,” as described in the 2025 Warrant Amendment, such that the underlying price per share as used in such calculation equals the sum of the price per share being offered in cash in the applicable Fundamental Transaction (as defined in the PIPE Warrants), if any, plus the value of the non-cash consideration being offered in the applicable Fundamental Transaction, if any. As consideration for entering into the 2025 Warrant Amendment, the Company and the applicable PIPE Purchasers agreed to amend the term of their respective PIPE Warrants to be five and one-half years from the date of issuance.

August 2025 Offering

On August 18, 2025, the Company entered into the Series B Purchase Agreement with the Series B Purchasers for the issuance and sale in a private placement of an aggregate of (i) 4,500 shares of the Company’s Series B Preferred Stock initially convertible into up to 3,000,000 shares of Common Stock, at an initial conversion price of $1.50 per share, and (ii) accompanying Series B Warrants to purchase up to 3,000,000 shares of Common Stock, with an initial exercise price of $1.50 per share. The Series B Warrants and the shares of Series B Preferred Stock will be exercisable or convertible, respectively, into shares of Common Stock beginning on the effective date of stockholder approval of (i) under Nasdaq Stock Market Rule 5635(d), the issuance of shares of Common Stock in excess of 19.99% of the Company’s issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock at prices below the “Minimum Price” (as defined in Rule 5635 of the Rules of the Nasdaq Stock Market) on the date of the Series B Purchase Agreement pursuant to the terms of the Series B Preferred Stock and the Series B Warrants, and (ii) an increase in the authorized shares of the Company. As of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the Company has not obtained the Series B Stockholder Approval. However, the Company plans to hold a special meeting of its stockholders on December 12, 2025, to, among other things, obtain the Series B Stockholder Approval. The Series B Warrants will expire five years from the effective date of the Series B Stockholder Approval.

Series B Preferred Stock

On August 20, 2025, the Company filed the Series B Certificate of Designations, thereby creating the Series B Preferred Stock. The Series B Certificate of Designations became effective with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware upon filing. The terms of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock are as set forth in the Series B Certificate of Designations. The Series B Preferred Stock are convertible into the Series B Conversion Shares at the election of the holders of the Series B Preferred Stock at any time at an initial conversion price of $1.50 per share. The conversion price is subject to customary adjustments for stock dividends, stock splits, reclassifications, stock combinations and the like (subject to certain exceptions).

Holders of the Series B Preferred Stock shall be entitled to receive dividends when and as declared by the Board, from time to time, in its sole discretion, which dividends will be paid by the Company out of funds legally available therefor, payable, subject to the conditions and other terms of the Series B Certificate of Designations, in cash, in securities of the Company or using assets as determined by the Board on the stated value of such Series B Preferred Stock.

Except as otherwise provided in the Series B Certificate of Designations or as otherwise required by law, the Series B Preferred Stock has no voting rights. However, as long as any shares of Series B Preferred Stock are outstanding, the Company shall not, without the affirmative vote of the holders of Series B Preferred Stock of a majority of the then outstanding shares of the Series B Preferred Stock, (a) alter or change adversely the powers, preferences or rights given to the of the Series B Preferred Stock or alter or amend the Series B Certificate of Designations, (b) amend its certificate of incorporation or other charter documents in any manner that adversely affects any rights of the holders of Series B Preferred Stock, (c) increase the number of authorized shares of the Series B Preferred Stock, or (d) enter into any agreement with respect to any of the foregoing.

There is no established public trading market for the Series B Preferred Stock and the Company does not intend to list the Series B Preferred Stock on any national securities exchange or nationally recognized trading system.

Warrants

A holder of the Series B Warrants may not exercise any portion of such holder’s Series B Warrants to the extent that the holder, together with its affiliates, would beneficially own more than 4.99% (or, at the election of the holder, 9.99%) of the Company’s outstanding shares of Common Stock immediately after exercise, except that upon at least 61 days’ prior notice from the holder to the Company, the holder may increase the beneficial ownership limitation to up to 9.99% of the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the exercise.

There is no established public trading market for the Series B Warrants and the Company does not intend to list the Series B Warrants on any national securities exchange or nationally recognized trading system.

The Series B Warrants will expire five years from the effective date of the Series B Stockholder Approval.

Registration Rights Agreement

In connection with the Series B Private Placement, the Company entered into a registration rights agreement, dated as of August 18, 2025, with the Series B Purchasers (the “Series B Registration Rights Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to prepare and file a registration statement with the SEC registering the resale of the Series B Conversion Shares no later than 60 days following the date of the Registration Rights Agreement, and to use best efforts to have the registration statement declared effective as promptly as practical thereafter, and in any event no later than 90 days following the date of the Registration Rights Agreement (or 120 days following the date of the Registration Rights Agreement in the event of a “full review” by the SEC). On October 17, 2025, the Company filed a resale registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-290946) with the SEC.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Company has not entered into any off-balance sheet financial guarantees or other off-balance sheet commitments to guarantee the payment obligations of any third parties. The Company has not entered into any derivative contracts that are indexed to the Company’s shares and classified as stockholder’s equity or that are not reflected in the Company’s financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Furthermore, the Company does not have any retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity that serves as credit, liquidity or market risk support to such entity. The Company does not have any variable interest in any unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit support to us or engages in leasing, hedging or product development services with us.

Cash Flows

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, net cash used in operating activities was $7.6 million. The net loss of $6.4 million was decreased by non-cash income of $3.2 million related to the change in fair value of warrants and increased by non-cash expense of $2.9 million consisting primarily of share-based compensation of $3.1 million and depreciation and amortization of $0.5 million. Other major component changes using operating cash included a increase in accounts receivable of $1.3 million, a decrease in accrued liabilities of $0.9 million and offset by a decrease in inventories of $1.1 million.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, net cash used in operating activities was $6.9 million. The net income of $1.7 million was decreased by non-cash income of $12.5 million related to the change in fair value of warrants and increased by non-cash expense of $2.4 million consisting primarily of share-based compensation expense of $1.8 million and depreciation and amortization of $646 thousand. Other major component changes using operating cash included an increase of $529 thousand in inventories and a decrease in both accounts receivable of $2.3 million and customer deposits of $1.0 million.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, net cash used in investing activities was $249 thousands of cash for capital expenditures and investment in patents.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we had net proceeds from maturities of short-term investments of $7.5 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we used $13 thousand cash for the purchase of property and equipment and invested $124 thousand in patents and equipment.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, net cash provided by financing activities was $10.2 million as a result of proceeds from Private Placements.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, net cash provided by financing activities was $588 thousand because of proceeds from the exercise of previously issued stock options of $588 thousand offset $120 thousand in cash dividends paid on the Company’s Series A Preferred Stock.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

In September 2023, we committed to a lease of office space in Coconut Grove, Florida in a multi-year term concluding in 2031 which includes aggregate lease payments remaining totaling $3.5 million.

As of September 30, 2025, we were committed to approximately $391 thousand for future component deliveries and contract services that are generally subject to modification or rescheduling in the normal course of business.

We committed to a lease of manufacturing and office space in Southwest Virginia in a multi-year term commencing October 2025 and concluding in 2031, which includes aggregate lease payments remaining totaling $600 thousand. The Company was granted early occupancy of the facility for use beginning on August 18, 2025.

Effects of Inflation

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, and for the year ended December 31, 2024, we experienced increased costs in labor and materials due to inflation. We believe throughout 2025 that low unemployment and higher salaries will create higher payroll costs and increased operating expenses in the business. We have seen increases in costs from multiple suppliers for materials as well as labor.

There has been no default in the payment of principal, interest, sinking or purchase fund installment, or any other material default, with respect to any indebtedness of the Company.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Executive Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation, our Executive Chairman and Chief Executive Officer concluded that, as of the end of the period covered in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports filed by us under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the required time periods and is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Executive Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during our fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2025, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

The following description of risk factors includes any material changes to, and supersedes the description of, risk factors associated with our business, financial condition and results of operations previously disclosed in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 on Form 10-K, as filed with the SEC on March 31, 2025, as amended on April 25, 2025. Our business, financial condition and operating results can be affected by a number of factors, whether currently known or unknown, including but not limited to those described below, any one or more of which could, directly or indirectly, cause our actual financial condition and operating results to vary materially from past, or from anticipated future, financial condition and operating results. Any of these factors, in whole or in part, could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, operating results and stock price.

The following discussion of risk factors contains forward-looking statements. These risk factors may be important to understanding other statements in this Form 10-Q. The following information should be read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes in Part I, Item 1, “Financial Statements” and Part I, Item 2, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of this Form 10-Q.

Our recent expansion into drone and counter-UAS technologies may not be successful, and we may fail to achieve commercial adoption or generate meaningful revenue from these initiatives.

We have recently expanded beyond our core BolaWrap® products into new areas such as drone payload systems, drone-first-responder technologies, and counter-unmanned aerial systems (“C-UAS”). These initiatives are in early stages, and their success depends on our ability to complete development, meet regulatory and technical standards, and achieve customer adoption. The markets for drone and C-UAS solutions are emerging, highly competitive, and subject to rapid technological change, and we face established and well-funded competitors. If our new products fail to perform as expected, experience development delays, or do not achieve meaningful market traction, our anticipated growth, brand reputation, and financial results could be materially adversely affected. There can be no assurance that our investments in these technologies will generate the expected returns or lead to sustainable revenue growth.

Our business strategy depends heavily on government and law-enforcement customers, who are subject to lengthy procurement cycles, budget constraints, and shifting priorities.

We expect that much of the demand for our new drone and C-UAS solutions will come from U.S. and international government, defense, and law-enforcement agencies. These customers face complex approval processes, long evaluation periods, and budget limitations that can delay or reduce procurement decisions. Political and policy changes, including shifts in funding for public safety or defense, may reduce demand or delay adoption of new technologies like ours. Furthermore, changes in public perception regarding the use of drones or non-lethal force tools could impact purchasing decisions or restrict deployment. As a result, even strong interest from these customers may not translate into timely or predictable revenue, and any sustained reduction in public-sector demand could materially affect our results of operations.

Our drone and aerial-interdiction systems are subject to evolving regulatory, legal and liability risks that could restrict our operations or expose us to claims.

Our drone-based and counter-UAS technologies may be regulated by multiple federal and international authorities, including the Federal Aviation Administration (“FAA”) and U.S. export-control agencies. As these regulatory frameworks evolve, new restrictions, certification requirements, or licensing limitations could arise that delay product approvals, increase compliance costs or limit deployment opportunities. Because these systems are designed for public-safety and defense use, any operational incident, misuse, or unintended injury could lead to product-liability claims, investigations, or negative publicity. Any regulatory action, litigation, or reputational harm related to these risks could materially and adversely affect our business and financial condition.

We may face manufacturing and supply-chain challenges as we expand production of new technologies.

To support our entry into drone-related markets, we are increasing production capacity, including at our new Virginia facility. Scaling manufacturing for new and technically complex products requires reliable suppliers, quality control systems, and efficient production processes. We may face challenges securing critical components, many of which come from limited sources or may be subject to long lead times. Disruptions in the supply chain, cost increases, or quality issues could delay deliveries, increase expenses, and impact customer satisfaction. If we are unable to scale production effectively or control manufacturing costs, our margins, liquidity, and ability to meet demand could be adversely affected.

The Series B Certificate of Designations provides for the payment of cumulative dividends in shares of our Common Stock which will require us to have shares of Common Stock available to pay the dividends.

Each share of the Series B Preferred Stock is entitled to receive dividends as and when declared by the Board, from time to time, in its sole discretion, which dividends shall be paid by the Company out of funds legally available therefor, payable, subject to the conditions and other terms hereof, in cash, in securities of the Company, or using assets as determined by the Board on the stated value of such preferred share in accordance with the terms of the Series B Certificate of Designations. As such, we may rely on having available shares of common stock to pay such dividends, which will result in dilution to our stockholders. If we do not have such available shares, we may not be able to satisfy our obligations as related to these dividends pursuant to the terms of the Series B Certificate of Designations

The Series B Warrants contain certain anti-dilution provisions, which may dilute the interests of our stockholders, depress the price of our Common Stock, and make it difficult for us to raise additional capital.

Certain events may reduce the exercise price of the Series B Warrants, which in turn may lead to further dilution to the holders of our Common Stock. In addition, the perceived risk of dilution may cause our stockholders to be more inclined to sell their Common Stock, which may in turn depress the price of shares of our Common Stock regardless of our business performance. We may also find it more difficult to raise additional equity capital while any of the shares of Series B Preferred Stock and the Series B Warrants remain outstanding.

Under the Series B Purchase Agreement, we are subject to certain covenants that may make it difficult to procure additional financing.

The Series B Purchase Agreement contains customary representations, warranties and agreements by the Company, customary conditions to closing, indemnification obligations of the Company and the Series B Purchasers, including for liabilities under the Securities Act and other obligations of the parties and termination provisions.

Among other covenants, the Series B Purchase Agreement requires the Company to hold a meeting of its stockholders at the earliest practical date for the purpose of obtaining such Series B Stockholder Approval. If the Company does not obtain the Series B Stockholder Approval at the first meeting, the Company is required to call a meeting every 60 days thereafter to seek such Series B Stockholder Approval until the earlier of the date Series B Stockholder Approval is obtained or the shares of Series B Preferred Stock are no longer outstanding, which may be time consuming and costly.

If needed to in the future, we may be unable to effect additional financing transactions on terms acceptable to us, or at all, while also remaining in compliance with the terms of the Series B Purchase Agreement, or we may be forced to seek a waiver from the investor party to the Series B Purchase Agreement, which such investor is not obligated to grant to us.