1895 Bancorp of Wisconsin, Inc.: Form 10-Q for the period ended Mar 31, 2022

General

Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations at March 31, 2022 and for the three months ended March 31, 2022 is intended to assist in understanding the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. The information contained in this section should be read in conjunction with the unaudited financial statements and the notes thereto appearing in Part I, Item 1, of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This report contains forward-looking statements, which can be identified by the use of words such as “estimate,” “project,” “believe,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “assume,” “plan,” “seek,” “expect,” “will,” “may,” “should,” “indicate,” “would,” “contemplate,” “continue,” “target” and words of similar meaning. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:

• statements of our goals, intentions and expectations;
• statements regarding our business plans, prospects, growth and operating strategies;
• statements regarding the quality of our loan and investment portfolios; and
• estimates of our risks and future costs and benefits.

These forward-looking statements are based on our current beliefs and expectations and are inherently subject to significant business, economic and competitive uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond our control. In addition, these forward-looking statements are subject to assumptions with respect to future business strategies and decisions that are subject to change. We are under no duty to and do not take any obligation to update any forward-looking statements after the date of this Quarterly Report.

The following factors, among others, could cause actual results to differ materially from the anticipated results or other expectations expressed in the forward-looking statements:

• general economic conditions, either nationally or in our market areas, that are worse than expected;
• changes in the level and direction of loan delinquencies and write-offs and changes in estimates of the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses;
• our ability to access cost-effective funding;
• fluctuations in real estate values and both residential and commercial real estate market conditions;
• demand for loans and deposits in our market area;
• our ability to implement and change our business strategies;
• competition among depository and other financial institutions;
• inflation and changes in the interest rate environment that reduce our margins and yields, our mortgage banking revenues, the fair value of financial instruments or our level of loan originations, or increase the level of defaults, losses and prepayments on loans we have made and make;
• adverse changes in the securities or secondary mortgage markets;
• changes in laws or government regulations or policies affecting financial institutions, including changes in regulatory fees and capital requirements, including as a result of Basel III;
• the impact of the Dodd-Frank Act and the implementing regulations;
• changes in the quality or composition of our loan or investment portfolios;
• technological changes that may be more difficult or expensive than expected;
• the inability of third-party providers to perform as expected;
• our ability to manage market risk, credit risk and operational risk in the current economic environment;
• our ability to enter new markets successfully and capitalize on growth opportunities;
• our ability to successfully integrate into our operations any assets, liabilities, customers, systems and management personnel we may acquire and our ability to realize related revenue synergies and cost savings within expected time frames, and any goodwill charges related thereto;
• changes in consumer spending, borrowing and savings habits;
• changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by the bank regulatory agencies, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, the Securities and Exchange Commission or the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board;
• our ability to retain key employees;
• our compensation expense associated with equity allocated or awarded to our employees; and
• changes in the financial condition, results of operations or future prospects of issuers of securities that we own.

Additionally, the outbreak of COVID-19 will continue to adversely impact a broad range of industries in which the Company’s customers operate and will continue to impair their ability to fulfill their financial obligations to the Company. The World Health Organization has declared COVID-19 to be a global pandemic indicating that almost all public commerce and related business activities must be, to varying degrees, curtailed with the goal of decreasing the rate of new infections.

Notwithstanding any actions by national, state and local governments to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 or by the Company to address the adverse impacts of COVID-19, there can be no assurance that any of the foregoing activities will be successful in mitigating or preventing significant adverse effects on the Company. Government action in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, including restrictions on individual and business activities and vaccination mandates, may affect our business and operations, including our workforce, human capital resources and infrastructure. The Company may also incur additional costs to remedy damages caused by such disruptions, which could adversely affect its financial condition and results of operations. While it is not possible to know the full universe or extent of these impacts as of the date of this filing, we are disclosing potentially material items of which we are aware.

Congress, the President, and the Federal Reserve have taken several actions designed to cushion the economic fallout. Most notably, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act was signed into law at the end of March 2020 as a $2 trillion legislative package. The goal of the CARES Act is to prevent a severe economic downturn through various measures, including direct financial aid to American families and economic stimulus to significantly impacted industry sectors. The package also includes extensive emergency funding for hospitals and providers. In addition to the general impact of COVID-19, certain provisions of the CARES Act as well as other recent legislative and regulatory relief efforts are expected to have a material impact on our operations.

The provisions of the CARES Act included an election to not apply the guidance on accounting for troubled debt restructurings to loan modifications, such as extensions or deferrals, related to COVID-19 made between March 1, 2020 and the earlier of (i) December 31, 2021 or (ii) 60 days after the end of the COVID-19 national emergency. The relief can only be applied to modifications for borrowers that were not more than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019. The Company elected to adopt these provisions of the CARES Act. As of March 31, 2022, the Company had 1 to 3 month deferrals of approximately $264,000 in interest, escrow, and principal payments on $7.3 million in outstanding loans.

The CARES Act authorized the Small Business Administration (“SBA”) to temporarily guarantee loans under a new loan program called the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”). As a qualified SBA lender, we were automatically authorized to originate PPP loans. The Company is actively participating in assisting our customers with applications for resources through the program. PPP loans will have: (a) an interest rate of 1.0%, (b) two-year and five-year loan terms to maturity; and (c) principal and interest payments deferred for six months from the date of disbursement. The SBA will guarantee 100% of the PPP loans made to eligible borrowers. The entire principal amount of the borrower’s PPP loan, including any accrued interest, is eligible to be reduced by the loan forgiveness amount under the PPP. As part of the first round of this program, at March 31, 2022, the Bank had funded 246 PPP loans totaling $30.3 million. Less than $1,000 in PPP loans were outstanding as of March 31, 2022.

On December 27, 2020, the Relief Act became law and provided an additional $284 billion for the PPP, as well as extending the PPP through March 31, 2021. Among the changes to the PPP as a result of the Relief Act include: (1) an opportunity for a second PPP forgivable loan for small businesses and nonprofits with 300 or fewer employees that can demonstrate a loss of 25% of gross receipts in any quarter during 2020 compared to the corresponding quarter in 2019 (or demonstrating a loss of 25% of gross receipts for the calendar year 2020 compared to calendar year 2019); (2) allowing qualified borrowers to apply for a PPP loan up to 2.5 times (or 3.5 times for small businesses in the restaurant and hospitality industries) the borrower’s average monthly payroll costs in the one-year period prior to the date on which the loan is made or calendar year 2019, limited to a maximum loan amount of $2.0 million; (3) the addition of personal protective equipment expenses, costs associated with outdoor dining, uninsured costs related to property damaged and vandalism or looting due to 2020 public disturbances, supplier costs and a broader category of operational expenses (including cloud computing services and other business software) as eligible and forgivable expenses; (4) simplifying the loan forgiveness process for loans of $150,000 or less; and (5) eliminating the requirement that Economic Injury Disaster Loan (“EIDL”) Advances will reduce the borrower’s PPP loan forgiveness amount. Additionally, expenses paid with the proceeds of PPP loans that are forgiven (or are reasonably expected to be forgiven) are now tax-deductible, reversing previous guidance from the U.S. Department of the Treasury and the Internal Revenue Service, which did not allow deductions on expenses paid for with PPP loan proceeds which were forgiven (or reasonably expected to be forgiven). As of March 31, 2022, we had funded 143 second round PPP loans totaling $10.5 million, of which $10.0 million had been forgiven as of March 31, 2022.

Because of the above and other uncertainties, our actual future results may be materially different from the results indicated by these forward-looking statements. Additional factors that may affect our results are discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K under the heading “Risk Factors.”

Critical Accounting Policies

The discussion and analysis of the financial condition and results of operations are based on our financial statements, which are prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles used in the United States of America. The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions affecting the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, and the reported amounts of income and expenses. We consider the accounting policies discussed below to be critical accounting policies. The estimates and assumptions that we use are based on historical experience and various other factors and are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions, resulting in a change that could have a material impact on the carrying value of our assets and liabilities and our results of operations.

The JOBS Act contains provisions that, among other things, reduce certain reporting requirements for qualifying public companies. As an “emerging growth company” we may delay adoption of new or revised accounting pronouncements applicable to public companies until such pronouncements are made applicable to private companies. We intend to take advantage of the benefits of this extended transition period. Accordingly, our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with such new or revised accounting standards.

The following represent our critical accounting policies:

Allowance for Loan Losses. The allowance for loan losses is the estimated amount considered necessary to cover inherent, but unconfirmed, credit losses in the loan portfolio at the balance sheet date. The allowance is established through the provision for loan losses which is charged against income. In determining the allowance for loan losses, management makes significant estimates and has identified this policy as one of our most critical accounting policies.

Management performs a quarterly evaluation of the allowance for loan losses. Consideration is given to a variety of factors in establishing this estimate including, but not limited to, current economic conditions, delinquency statistics, geographic and industry concentrations, the adequacy of the underlying collateral, the financial strength of the borrower, results of internal loan reviews and other relevant factors. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires material estimates that may be susceptible to significant change.

The analysis has two components, specific and general allowances. The specific allowance is for unconfirmed losses related to loans that are determined to be impaired. Impairment is measured by determining the present value of expected future cash flows or, for collateral-dependent loans, the fair value of the collateral, adjusted for market conditions and selling expenses. If the fair value of the loan is less than the loan’s carrying value, a charge is recorded for the difference. The general allowance, which is for loans reviewed collectively, is determined by segregating the remaining loans by type of loan, risk weighting (if applicable) and payment history. We also analyze historical loss experience, delinquency trends, general economic conditions and geographic and industry concentrations.

This analysis establishes historical loss percentages and qualitative factors that are applied to the loan groups to determine the amount of the allowance for loan losses necessary for loans that are reviewed collectively. The qualitative component is critical in determining the allowance for loan losses as certain trends may indicate the need for changes to the allowance for loan losses based on factors beyond the historical loss history. Not incorporating a qualitative component could misstate the allowance for loan losses. Actual loan losses may be significantly more than the allowances we have established which could result in a material negative effect on our financial results.

Fair Value. The fair value of a financial instrument is defined as the amount at which the instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties, other than in a forced or liquidation sale. The Company estimates the fair value of a financial instrument and any related asset impairment using a variety of valuation methods. Where financial instruments are actively traded and have quoted market prices, quoted market prices are used for fair value. When the financial instruments are not actively traded, other observable market inputs, such as quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics, may be used, if available, to determine fair value. When observable market prices do not exist, the Company estimates fair value. These estimates are subjective in nature and any imprecision in estimating these factors can impact the amount of gain or loss recorded. A more detailed description of the fair values measured at each level of the fair value hierarchy and the methodology utilized by the Company can be found in Note 12 of the Notes to Financial Statements.

Deferred Tax Assets. We use the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. We exercise significant judgment in evaluating the amount and timing of recognition of the resulting tax liabilities and assets. These judgments require us to make projections of future taxable income. The judgments and estimates we make in determining our deferred tax assets, which are inherently subjective, are reviewed on a regular basis as regulatory and business factors change. Any reduction in estimated future taxable income may require us to increase the valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets.

Comparison of Financial Condition at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021

Total Assets. Total assets increased $6.7 million, or 1.2%, to $546.3 million at March 31, 2022 from $539.6 million at December 31, 2021. This increase was primarily due to a $20.3 million increase in available-for-sale securities and a $3.0 million increase in other assets, offset by a $16.2 million decrease in cash and cash equivalents.

Cash and Cash Equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents decreased $16.2 million, or 24.3%, to $50.6 million at March 31, 2022 from $66.8 million at December 31, 2021. This decrease was primarily due to the purchase of $31.2 million in available-for-sale securities, $7.0 million in principal payments on FHLB advances and $6.5 million in originations of mortgage loans held for sale, partially offset by $10.0 million from the issuance of an FHLB advance, $6.8 million from the sale of mortgage loans held for sale, a $6.5 increase in deposits and $3.7 million from maturities, prepayments and calls of available-for-sale securities.

Available-for-Sale Securities. Available for sale securities increased $20.3 million, or 18.0%, to $132.7 million at March 31, 2022, from $112.4 million at December 31, 2021. The increase was primarily due to purchases of securities totaling $31.2 million during the three months ended March 31, 2022, partially offset by maturities, prepayments and calls of securities totaling $3.7 million and a reduction in the unrealized gain held within the portfolio of $7.1 million. The increase in securities purchases was the result of management’s decision to invest a portion of the Company’s liquidity that was held in cash and cash equivalents into securities with higher yields to increase future earnings, while maintaining a high degree of liquidity. The purchases consisted primarily of government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities, which increased $12.4 million and U.S. Treasury notes, which increased $8.5 million.

Loans Held for Sale. Loans held for sale decreased $239,000, or 20.2%, to $944,000 at March 31, 2022, from $1.2 million at December 31, 2021. This decrease was due primarily to a decrease in the volume of first mortgage residential real estate loan originations to be sold into the secondary market as a result of the changing interest rate environment. Mortgage loan originations and sales were $6.5 million and $6.8 million, respectively, during the first quarter of 2022 compared to $40.2 million and $40.4 million, respectively, for the first quarter of 2021.

Net Loans. Net loans decreased $103,000, to $323.7 million at March 31, 2022, from $323.8 million at December 31, 2021.

Other Assets. Other assets increased $3.0 million, or 49.4%, from $6.1 million at December 31, 2021 to $9.1 million at March 31, 2022. This increase was primarily due to a $1.9 million increase in deferred tax assets, which was the result of the increase in unrealized losses on available for sale securities. Other assets also increased as a result of a $521,000 increase in prepaid expenses, primarily due to the payment of annual insurance premiums in the first quarter of 2022, and a $510,000 increase in right of use lease assets as a result of the adoption of ASU 2016-02 in the first quarter of 2022.

Deposits. Deposits increased $6.5 million, or 1.7%, to $391.0 million at March 31, 2022, from $384.5 million at December 31, 2021. This increase was primarily due to a $1.4 million increase in noninterest bearing checking accounts, a $1.9 million increase in money market accounts and a $3.0 million increase in statement savings accounts. We believe that a significant factor underlying this increase is that our customers are maintaining greater than usual cash balances as a result of the current economic environment, including those which are the result of the COVID-19 pandemic. These increases were offset by a $252,000 decrease in interest bearing checking accounts.

Advance Payments by Borrowers for Taxes and Insurance. Advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance increased $2.9 million to $4.7 million at March 31, 2022 from $1.8 million at December 31, 2021. The increase was due to normal seasonal activity.

Borrowings. Borrowings, consisting entirely of FHLB advances, increased $3.0 million, or 5.4%, to $58.4 million at March 31, 2022, from $55.4 million at December 31, 2021. The increase was due to an advance of $10.0 million borrowed during the quarter ended March 31, 2022, offset by maturities and principal repayments on existing advances of $7.0 million.

Total Stockholders’ Equity. Total stockholders’ equity decreased $5.7 million to $85.2 million at March 31, 2022, from $90.9 million at December 31, 2021. The decrease was primarily due to a $7.1 million increase in the gross unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities, which net of taxes, resulted in a $5.2 million decrease in stockholders’ equity.

Average Balances and Yields

The following table presents information regarding average balances of assets and liabilities, the total dollar amounts of interest income and dividends from average interest-earning assets, the total dollar amounts of interest expense on average interest-bearing liabilities, and the resulting annualized average yields and costs. The yields and costs for the periods indicated are derived by dividing income or expense by the average balances of assets or liabilities, respectively, for the periods presented. Average balances have been calculated using daily balances. Nonaccrual loans are included in average balances only. Loan fees are included in interest income on loans and are not material.

(Dollars in thousands)

(1) Includes loan fees of $105,000 for 2022 and $146,000 for 2021.

(2) Interest rate spread represents the difference between the weighted average yield on interest-earning assets and the weighted average rate of interest-bearing liabilities.

(3) Net interest margin represents net interest income divided by average total interest-earning assets.

Rate/Volume Analysis

The following table presents the effects of changing rates and volumes on our net interest income for the periods indicated. The rate column shows the effects attributable to changes in rate (changes in average rate multiplied by prior volume). The volume column shows the effects attributable to changes in volume (changes in volume multiplied by prior period average rate). The total column represents the sum of the prior columns. For purposes of this table, changes attributable to both rate and volume, which cannot be segregated, have been allocated proportionately, based on the changes due to rate and the changes due to volume.

(Dollars in thousands)

Comparison of Operating Results for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 and 2021

Net Income. We recorded a net loss of $55,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2022, a decrease of $576,000 from net income of $521,000 recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2021. This decrease was due to a $1.2 million decrease in non-interest income, which was partially offset by a $279,000 increase in net interest income after provision for loan losses, a $221,000 decrease in income tax expense and a $143,000 decrease in non-interest expense.

Interest and Dividend Income. Interest and dividend income increased $269,000, or 7.4%, to $3.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, from $3.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021. The increase was due primarily to an increase in interest earned on taxable securities, which increased $281,000, or 105.2% from $267,000 in the first quarter of 2021 to $548,000 in the first quarter of 2022. This increase was primarily due to the Company’s strategy to deploy excess liquidity into securities, which resulted in the average outstanding balance of securities increasing $73.7 million, or 122.2%, from $60.3 million for the first quarter of 2021 to $134.0 million for the first quarter of 2022.

Interest Expense. Interest expense decreased $115,000, or 25.2%, to $341,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2022, from $456,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2021. This decrease was primarily due to a decline in the cost of our interest-bearing deposits, which decreased 13 basis points from 0.37% for the first quarter of 2021 to 0.24% for the first quarter of 2022. This decline was primarily due to the continued low interest rate environment.

Net Interest Income. Net interest income increased $384,000, or 12.2%, to $3.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, from $3.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021. This increase was due to a $269,000 increase in interest income and a $115,000 decrease in interest expense. Our net interest rate spread increased 18 basis points to 2.71% for the three months ended March 31, 2022, from 2.53% for the three months ended March 31, 2021. Our net interest margin also increased 18 basis points to 2.85% from 2.67% over the same period.

Provision for Loan Losses. Provision for loan losses for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was $105,000 compared to zero for the three months ended March 31, 2021. The allowance for loan losses was $3.0 million, or 0.93%, of total loans (and 0.93% excluding PPP loans), at March 31, 2022, compared to $2.9 million, or 0.88% of total loans (and 0.89% excluding PPP loans), at December 31, 2021. Nonaccrual loans constituted 0.29% of total gross loans (and 0.29% excluding PPP loans) at March 31, 2022, compared to 0.31% of gross loans at December 31, 2021 (and 0.32% excluding PPP loans). Net recoveries for the three months ended March 31, 2022 were $54,000 compared to net charge-offs of $4,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2021.

Non-interest Income. Non-interest income decreased $1.2 million, or 75.7%, to $391,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2022, from $1.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021. The decrease was primarily the result of a $489,000 decrease in net gain on sale of loans, a $397,000 decrease in loan servicing fees and a $341,000 decline in the market value of marketable equity securities. The decrease in the net gain on sale of loans was primarily due to the decrease in the sale of mortgage loans held for sale, which decreased $33.6 million, from $40.4 million in the first quarter of 2021 to $6.8 million in the first quarter of 2022. The reduction in loan servicing fees was primarily the result of a $369,000 decrease in the valuation allowance for our mortgage servicing rights during the first quarter of 2021. The decrease in the market value of marketable equity securities was due to a decrease in the market value of mutual funds held in our deferred compensation plan.

Non-interest Expense. Non-interest expense decreased $143,000, or 3.5%, to $3.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 from $4.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021. This decrease was primarily due to a $170,000 decrease in salaries and employee benefits. The decrease in salaries and benefits was due primarily to a $341,000 decrease in the market value of mutual funds held in our deferred compensation plan, offset by $197,000 increase in the accrual for discretionary bonus expense.

Income Tax Expense. We recorded an income tax benefit of $60,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to an income tax expense of $161,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2021. The decrease in income tax expense was primarily due to a decrease in income before taxes during the three months ended March 31, 2022.

Management of Market Risk

General. Our most significant form of market risk is interest rate risk because, as a financial institution, the majority of our assets and liabilities are sensitive to changes in interest rates. Therefore, a principal part of our operations is to manage interest rate risk and limit the exposure of our financial condition and results of operations to changes in market interest rates. Our Asset/Liability Committee is responsible for evaluating the interest rate risk inherent in our assets and liabilities, for determining the level of risk that is appropriate, given our business strategy, operating environment, capital, liquidity and performance objectives, and for managing this risk consistent with the policy and guidelines approved by our board of directors.

Our asset/liability management strategy attempts to manage the impact of changes in interest rates on net interest income, our primary source of earnings. Among the techniques we use to manage interest rate risk are:

• originating commercial real estate and commercial loans, which tend to have shorter terms and higher interest rates than owner occupied one- to four-family residential real estate loans, and which generate customer relationships that can result in larger non-interest-bearing checking accounts;
• selling substantially all of our conforming and eligible jumbo, longer-term, fixed-rate one- to four-family residential real estate loans and retaining the non-conforming and shorter-term, fixed-rate and adjustable-rate one- to four-family residential real estate loans that we originate, subject to market conditions and periodic review of our asset/liability management needs; and
• reducing our dependence on jumbo and brokered certificates of deposit to support lending and investment activities and increasing our reliance on core deposits, including checking accounts and savings accounts, which are less interest rate sensitive than certificates of deposit.

Our board of directors is responsible for the review and oversight of our executive management team and other essential operational staff which are responsible for our asset/liability analysis. These officers act as an asset/liability committee and are charged with developing and implementing an asset/liability management plan, and they meet at least quarterly to review pricing and liquidity needs and assess our interest rate risk. We currently utilize a third-party modeling program, prepared on a quarterly basis, to evaluate our sensitivity to changing interest rates, given our business strategy, operating environment, capital, liquidity and performance objectives, and for managing this risk consistent with the guidelines approved by the board of directors.

We do not engage in hedging activities, such as engaging in futures, options or swap transactions, or investing in high-risk mortgage derivatives, such as collateralized mortgage obligation residual interests, real estate mortgage investment conduit residual interests or stripped mortgage-backed securities.

The table below sets forth, as of March 31, 2022, the calculation of the estimated changes in our net interest income that would result from the designated immediate changes in the United States Treasury yield curve.

(Dollars in thousands)

(1) Assumes an immediate uniform change in interest rates at all maturities.

Economic Value of Equity. We also monitor interest rate risk through the use of a simulation model that estimates the amounts by which the fair value of our assets and liabilities (our economic value of equity or “EVE”) would change in the event of a range of assumed changes in market interest rates. The quarterly reports developed in the simulation model assist us in identifying, measuring, monitoring and controlling interest rate risk to ensure compliance within our policy guidelines.

The table below sets forth, as of March 31, 2022, the estimated changes in our EVE that would result from the designated instantaneous changes in market interest rates. Computations of prospective effects of hypothetical interest rate changes are based on numerous assumptions including relative levels of market interest rates, loan prepayments and deposit decay, and should not be relied upon as indicative of actual results.

(Dollars in thousands)

(1) Assumes an instantaneous uniform change in interest rates at all maturities.

(2) EVE is the discounted present value of expected cash flows from assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet contracts.

The table above indicates that at March 31, 2022, in the event of a 100-basis point increase in interest rates, we would have experienced a 2.05% decrease in our EVE. In the event of a 200-basis point increase in interest rates at March 31, 2022, we would have experienced a 5.49% decrease in our EVE.

Certain shortcomings are inherent in the methodology used in the above interest rate risk measurement. Modeling changes in EVE require making certain assumptions that may or may not reflect the manner in which actual yields and costs respond to changes in market interest rates. In this regard, the EVE table presented assumes that the composition of our interest-sensitive assets and liabilities existing at the beginning of a period remains constant over the period being measured and assumes that a particular change in interest rates is reflected uniformly across the yield curve regardless of the duration or repricing of specific assets and liabilities. Accordingly, although the EVE table provides an indication of our interest rate risk exposure at a particular point in time, such measurements are not intended to and do not provide a precise forecast of the effect of changes in market interest rates on EVE and will differ from actual results.

EVE calculations also may not reflect the fair values of financial instruments. For example, decreases in market interest rates can increase the fair values of our loans, deposits and borrowings.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity describes our ability to meet the financial obligations that arise in the ordinary course of business. Liquidity is primarily needed to meet the borrowing and deposit withdrawal requirements of our customers and to fund current and planned expenditures. Our primary sources of funds are deposits, principal and interest payments on loans and securities, proceeds from the sale of loans, and proceeds from maturities of securities. We also have the ability to borrow from the FHLB. At March 31, 2022, we had $58.4 million outstanding in advances from the FHLB. At March 31, 2022, we had $85.6 million in additional borrowing capacity at the Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago. Additionally, at March 31, 2022 we had a $15.0 million federal funds line of credit with the BMO Harris Bank, none of which was drawn at March 31, 2022. The Company also had a $10.7 million line of credit at the Federal Reserve based on pledged commercial real estate loans of approximately $13.5 million at March 31, 2022. The Company had not drawn on the Federal Reserve line as of March 31, 2022.

While maturities and scheduled amortization of loans and securities are predictable sources of funds, deposit flows and loan prepayments are greatly influenced by general interest rates, economic conditions, and competition. Our most liquid assets are cash and cash equivalents and available-for-sale investment securities. The levels of these assets are dependent on our operating, financing, lending, and investing activities during any given period.

Our cash flows are comprised of three primary classifications: cash flows from operating activities, investing activities, and financing activities. Net cash used in operating activities was $433,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Net cash used in operating activities was $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021. Net cash used in investing activities, which consists primarily of disbursements for loan originations and the purchase of available for sale securities, offset by proceeds from maturing securities and pay downs on securities, was $27.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Net cash used in investing activities was $8.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021. Net cash provided by financing activities, consisting primarily of increases in deposits and advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance of $6.5 million and $2.9 million, respectively, as well as $10.0 million in proceeds from the issuance of FHLB advances, offset by $7.0 million from the principal payments on FHLB advances, was $11.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Net cash provided by financing activities was $669,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2021, consisting primarily of $3.4 million of advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance, offset in part by a decrease in deposits of $2.2 million.

We are committed to maintaining a strong liquidity position. We monitor our liquidity position on a daily basis. We anticipate that we will have sufficient funds to meet our current funding commitments based on our current strategy to increase core deposits, along with the continued use of FHLB advances as well as brokered certificates of deposit as needed, to fund loan growth.

Capital

At March 31, 2022, we exceeded all of our regulatory capital requirements with a Tier 1 leverage capital level of $65.0 million, or 12.1% of adjusted total assets, which is above the well-capitalized required level of $26.9 million, or 5.0%, and total risk-based capital of $68.0 million, or 19.2% of risk-weighted assets, which is above the well-capitalized required level of $35.5 million, or 10.0%. Management is not aware of any conditions or events since the most recent notification that would change our category. For additional information, see Note 13 of the Notes to Financial Statements.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Contractual Obligations

Commitments. As a financial services provider, we routinely are a party to various financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risks, such as commitments to extend credit and unused lines of credit. While these contractual obligations represent our potential future cash requirements, a significant portion of commitments to extend credit may expire without being drawn upon. Such commitments are subject to the same credit policies and approval process accorded to loans we make. For additional information, see Note 9 of the Notes to Financial Statements.

Contractual Obligations. In the ordinary course of our operations, we enter into certain contractual obligations. Such obligations include operating leases for premises and equipment, agreements with respect to borrowings and deposits, and agreements with respect to securities.

Impact of Inflation and Changing Prices

The financial statements and related data presented herein have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America which require the measurement of financial position and operating results in terms of historical dollars without considering changes in the relative purchasing power of money over time due to inflation. The primary impact of inflation on our operations is reflected in increased operating costs. Unlike most industrial companies, virtually all of the assets and liabilities of a financial institution are monetary in nature. As a result, interest rates, generally, have a more significant impact on a financial institution’s performance than does inflation. Interest rates do not necessarily move in the same direction or to the same extent as the prices of goods and services.

An evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) promulgated under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of March 31, 2022. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

During the quarter ended March 31, 2022, there have been no changes in the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

In addition to the other information set forth in the Form 10-Q, you should carefully consider the risk factors that appeared under Item 1A “Risk Factors” disclosed in the Company’s December 31, 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. There are no material changes from the risk factors included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K.