Slide Insurance Holdings, Inc.: Form 10-Q for the period ended Sep 30, 2025

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is intended to help investors understand our business, results of operations, liquidity and capital resources and should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (the "Quarterly Report"). This discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions, described under the section titled “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including, but not limited to, those which are not within our control. See “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

Overview

Launched in 2021, we are a technology-enabled, fast-growing, coastal specialty insurer. We focus on profitable underwriting of single family and condominium policies in the P&C industry in coastal states along the Atlantic seaboard through our insurance subsidiary, Slide Insurance Company (“SIC”). We utilize our differentiated technology and data-driven approach to focus on market opportunities that are underserved by other insurance companies. We acquire policies both from inorganic block acquisitions and subsequent renewals, as well as new business sales through a combination of independent agents and our direct-to-consumer (“DTC”) channel, through which we sell our insurance products directly to end consumers, without the use of retailers, brokers, agents or other intermediaries. We do not depend on any one key product or product line within the coastal specialty homeowners and commercial residential insurance market. We control all aspects of our value chain, including technology, underwriting, actuarial, distribution, claims and risk management which allows us to maximize profitability while maintaining disciplined underwriting standards.

Our goal is to deliver long-term value for stockholders by focusing on underserved, coastal specialty markets where market capacity is limited and demand for insurance products is high. Coastal specialty market demand for insurance products has increased over the last few years as the larger, national insurance carriers have reduced their underwriting capacity in such markets, creating a unique market opportunity for us to capitalize on the imbalance of supply and demand.

We have one reportable segment. See the below table for a summary of gross premiums written, policy fees, total revenue, consolidated combined ratio, return on equity, and return on tangible equity (1) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 and the year ended December 31, 2024, and the total assets, shareholders' equity and tangible shareholders' equity (1) as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

(1) Non-GAAP financial measure. See “Results of Operations – Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a reconciliation of return on tangible equity to return on equity, the most directly comparable GAAP measure.

Key Components of Our Results of Operations

Revenue

Gross premiums written. Gross premiums written represent, with respect to a fiscal period, the sum of assumed premiums written from Citizens Property Insurance Corporation (“Citizens”) policy assumptions (net of opt-outs) plus direct premiums written (premiums from subsequent renewals of such Citizens policies and new and renewal policies written through independent agents and our DTC channel, net of any midterm cancellations), in each case prior to amounts ceded to reinsurers. Gross premiums written in any given fiscal period are affected by:

• Amount of premiums assumed from Citizens acquisitions;
• Block acquisitions from other third-party insurers;
• Renewals of existing policies;
• New business submissions and binding of new submissions into effective policies;
• Average premium of new and renewal policies; and
• Premium rates on new and renewal policies.

In addition, from time to time, we expand our policy base – for example, assuming 135,974 policies in 2024, representing approximately $290 million in assumed unearned premiums from Citizens. These policies carry no upfront acquisition costs and are captured in our current treaty year reinsurance program.

We believe recent legislative and regulatory changes, improvements in the data that is made available on Citizens policies and rate increases implemented by Citizens making pricing more comparable to what we charge for policies underwritten in other channels make the opportunity to assume policies from Citizens attractive.

Take-out opportunities, however, are subject to a number of market, timing and execution risks, and future take-out opportunities may or may not materialize.

Gross premiums earned. Gross premiums earned represent the portion of our gross premiums written earned during a fiscal period from assumed (including those assumed from Citizens), direct policies written and subsequent renewals of such policies. Gross premiums written associated with assumed policies from Citizens are earned ratably over the remaining term of the policy and gross premiums written associated with voluntary and renewal policies are earned ratably over the term of the policy. All such new and renewal policies currently have a term of 12 months from date of issuance.

Ceded premiums earned. Ceded premiums earned represent the earned portion of our gross premiums written ceded to reinsurers and other costs of our reinsurance during a fiscal period. We recognize the cost of our reinsurance program ratably over the term of the arrangement, which is typically 12 months. Our ceded premiums earned represent costs of reinsurance to cover losses from catastrophes that exceed the retention levels defined by our catastrophe excess of loss reinsurance contracts. The rates we pay for reinsurance are based primarily on policy exposures reflected in gross premiums earned.

Net premiums earned. Net premiums earned reflect gross premiums earned less ceded premiums earned during the fiscal period.

Net investment income. Net investment income represents interest earned from cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, fixed-maturity securities, money market accounts and other investments and the realized gains or losses from the sale of investments. Factors affecting net investment income include the size of our investment portfolio and the yield generated by the underlying investments in our investment portfolio.

Policy fees. Florida law allows insurers to charge policyholders a $25 policy fee on each policy written. Policy fees represent such upfront policy fees. These fees are not subject to refund, and accordingly we recognize policy fees as income immediately when collected in accordance with ASC 606, which coincides with the completion of our service obligation when the policy is issued.

Other income. Other income represents all pay-plan fees and commission income earned by our retail agency subsidiary that sells on behalf of non-affiliated carriers. We charge pay-plan fees to policyholders that pay their premium in more than one installment and record the fees as income when collected.

Expenses

Losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred, net. Losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred, net reflect losses paid, expenses paid to resolve claims, such as fees paid to adjusters, attorneys and investigators, and changes in our reserves for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred, net during the fiscal period, in each case net of losses ceded to reinsurers. Our reserves for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred, net represent the estimated ultimate cost of resolving all reported claims plus all losses we incurred related to insured events that we assume have occurred as of the reporting date, but that policyholders have not yet reported to us (which are commonly referred to as “incurred but not reported,” or “IBNR”). We estimate our reserves for unpaid losses using individual case-based estimates for reported claims and actuarial estimates for IBNR losses. We continually review and adjust our estimated losses as necessary based on industry development trends, our evolving claims experience and new information obtained. If our unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred, net are considered deficient or redundant, we increase or decrease the liability in the period in which we identify the difference and reflect the change in our current period results of operations.

In general, our losses and loss adjustment expense reserves (“LAE”) are affected by:

• the occurrence, frequency and severity of claims associated with the particular types of insurance contracts that we write;
• the reinsurance agreements we have in place at the time of a loss;
• the mix of business written by us;
• changes in the legal or regulatory environment related to the business we write;
• trends in legal defense costs; and
• inflation in the cost of claims including inflation related to wages, medical costs and building materials.

Losses and LAE are based on actual paid losses and expenses, as well as an actuarial analysis of the estimated losses, including losses incurred during the period and changes in estimates from prior periods. Losses and LAE may be paid out over a period of years.

Policy acquisition and other underwriting expenses. Policy acquisition and other underwriting expenses consist of the following items: (i) commissions paid to outside agents at the time of policy issuance, (ii) premium taxes and (iii) inspection fees. We recognize policy acquisition and other underwriting expenses ratably over the term of the underlying policy. Until renewed, policies assumed from Citizens have no associated policy acquisition and other underwriting expenses.

General and administrative expenses. General and administrative expenses include compensation and related benefits, professional fees, office lease and related expenses, information system expenses, corporate insurance, and other general and administrative costs.

Interest expense. Interest expense consists of interest paid on our commercial loans and Credit Facility (as defined below), amortization of debt issuance costs, net settlements of interest rate swaps, and changes in market value of interest rate swaps.

Depreciation expense. Depreciation expense includes depreciation of property and equipment, including software developed for internal use.

Amortization expense. Amortization expense includes amortization of renewal rights and other intangible assets.

Other operating expense. Other operating expense includes other miscellaneous expenses.

Income tax expense. Income tax expense generally consists of income taxes payable by our subsidiaries that are taxed as corporations. We were incorporated as a corporation in the state of Delaware on March 2, 2021. As a corporation, we are subject to typical corporate U.S. federal and state income tax rates which we expect to result in a statutory tax rate of approximately 25% under current tax law.

Key Metrics & Ratios

We discuss certain key financial and operating metrics, described below, which provide useful information about our business and the operational factors underlying our financial performance.

Loss ratio, expressed as a percentage, is the ratio of losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred, net to net premiums earned.

Policy acquisition expense ratio is the ratio, expressed as a percentage, of policy acquisition expenses and other underwriting expenses to net premiums earned.

Expense ratio, expressed as a percentage, is the ratio of policy acquisition and other underwriting expenses, general and administrative expenses, and other operating expense to net premiums earned.

Combined ratio is the sum of the loss ratio and the expense ratio. A combined ratio under 100% indicates an underwriting profit. A combined ratio over 100% indicates an underwriting loss.

Debt to capitalization ratio is the ratio, expressed as a percentage, of total outstanding debt to total capitalization.

Return on equity represents net income expressed on an annualized basis as a percentage of average beginning and ending shareholders’ equity during the period.

Return on tangible equity is a non-GAAP financial measure. We define tangible shareholders’ equity as shareholders’ equity less goodwill and other intangible assets. We define return on tangible equity as net income expressed on an annualized basis as a percentage of average beginning and ending tangible shareholders’ equity during the period. We regularly evaluate acquisition opportunities and have historically made acquisitions that affect shareholders’ equity. We use return on tangible equity as an internal performance measure in the management of our operations because we believe it gives our management and other users of our financial information useful insight into our results of operations and our underlying business performance. See “Results of Operations-Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a reconciliation of return on tangible equity to return on equity, the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure.

Results of Operations

Three Months Ended September 30, 2025 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2024

The following table summarizes our results of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2025:

(1) Non-GAAP financial measure. See “Results of Operations – Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a reconciliation of return on tangible equity to return on equity, the most directly comparable GAAP measure.

Revenue

Gross premiums written. Gross premiums written increased from $346.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 to $463.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025. The increase in net premiums written was primarily a result of policies assumed by Citizens, and increases in renewal rates of existing written policies, as well as new policies written resulting from acquired renewal rights of Florida homeowners’ policies with effective dates of February 2024 and later from Truck Insurance Exchange, a subsidiary of Farmers Insurance Company, Inc. ("Farmers"). We initially acquired policy renewal rights from Farmers in February 2024. These policies were originally written by Farmers, and were due to expire in February 2024 and later. In 2024, we wrote approximately 36% of the policies for which we acquired renewal rights from Farmers. We expect to continue to write new policies pursuant to our renewal rights agreement with Farmers as part of our diversified approach to policy underwriting, subject to market conditions. The following table summarizes the sources of our written policies in force as of September 30, 2024 and 2025:

(2) Refers to policies originated by Slide through its independent agents, as well as through its direct-to-consumer channel. For the periods presented, new policies written directly to customers represent less than 1% of policies written in the organic channel.

(3) Includes all policies that expired during the period presented, including policies that were eventually renewed by customers during the period presented.

Our policies acquired during the three months ended September 30, 2025 increased by 13,771 policies, or 100%, compared to the prior year as a result of no policies acquired during the three months ended September 30, 2024. Our policies written during the three months ended September 30, 2025 decreased by 6,766 policies, or 46.5%, as a result of the completion of offers under the Farmers renewal rights agreement entered into February 2025. In addition, for the three months ended September 30, 2025, our policy renewals increased by 22,301 , or 32.6%, as a result of the renewal of policies acquired from Citizens as compared to the same period in 2024 and organic policy renewals. For the three months ended September 30, 2025, our policy renewal rate was 88.0%, a decrease from 88.1% for the same period in 2024 on a higher number of policies in force. Our average premium per residential policy decreased from $4,045 at September 30, 2024 to $3,966 at September 30, 2025 as a result of a decrease in average premium of Citizens policies assumed. Additionally, our average premium per commercial residential policy was $128,518 at September 30, 2025.

Gross premiums earned. Gross premiums earned increased from $275.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 to $359.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025. Our policies in force as of September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2025 were approximately 275,107 and 351,707 respectively, and this increase in policies in force had a favorable impact on our gross premiums earned.

Ceded premiums earned. Ceded premiums for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2025 were approximately $90.4 million and $116.3 million, respectively, representing 32.8% and 32.4%, respectively, of gross premiums earned. The $25.9 million increase was primarily attributable to increased catastrophe reinsurance purchased due to increased policies in force.

Net premiums earned. Net premiums earned increased from $184.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 to $243.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025. The increase in net premiums earned in the comparable periods was primarily attributable to assumptions of policies from Citizens and increased renewals of existing policies in the third quarter 2025.

Net investment income. Net investment income, inclusive of realized investment gains and losses, increased from $12.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 to $19.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025. Our average investable assets increased from $1,053 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 to $1,874 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025. The increase in net investment income was due to increased equity from retained earnings and increased policies in force.

Policy fees. Policy fees increased from $2.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 to $2.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025. The increase in policy fees in the comparable periods was primarily attributable to increased renewals of existing policies.

Other income. Other income increased from $0.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 to $1.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025. The increase in other income between the comparable periods was primarily attributable to an increase in commissionable premium produced for other insurance companies.

Total revenue. Total revenue increased from $200.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 to $265.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025. The increase in total revenue was due primarily to an increase in net premiums earned in the comparable periods primarily attributable to assumptions of policies from Citizens and increased renewals of existing policies in the third quarter 2025.

Expenses

Losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred, net. Losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred, net decreased from $111.7 million (inclusive of catastrophe losses of $55.8 million from Hurricane Debby and Hurricane Helene) for the three months ended September 30, 2024 to $33.2 million (there were no incurred losses from named storms during the period) for the three months ended September 30, 2025. The decrease in losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred, net resulted primarily from the release of non-catastrophe reserves in the current quarter due to lower than expected payments on losses incurred in earlier quarters of current and prior years. Losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred, net for the three months ended September 30, 2025 included losses paid of $48.8 million and a $15.6 million decrease in unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred, net, including the reduction of $19.3 million of IBNR reserves. As of September 30, 2025 we reported $316.0 million in unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred, net, which included $256.4 million attributable to IBNR, or 81.2% of total reserves for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred, net.

Policy acquisition and other underwriting expenses. Policy acquisition and other underwriting expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2025 were approximately $22.0 million and $36.4 million, respectively, representing 11.9% and 15.2%, respectively, of net premiums earned. The increase was primarily attributable to increased policies in force and fewer premiums earned on Citizens' policies in their assumption period, which had reduced policy acquisition costs in 2024.

General and administrative expenses. General and administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2025 were approximately $38.0 million and $45.0 million, respectively, representing 20.6% and 18.5%, respectively, of net premiums earned. The increase was due primarily to the growth in staffing to support the Company’s increased policies in force. Payroll and related expenses increased from $18.4 million to $21.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2025, respectively. This increase is attributed to increased personnel needed to grow and service policies in force. Personnel count increased from 227 at July 1, 2024 to 309 at September 30, 2024 and from 422 at July 1, 2025 to 474 at September 30, 2025. Software and IT infrastructure expenses increased from $9.5 million to $9.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2025 respectively. This increase is attributed to increased software costs related to increased policies in force. Professional services expenses decreased from $3.6 million to $3.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2025 respectively. This decrease is attributed to reduced costs from third parties in servicing policies in force.

Interest expense. Interest expense decreased from $1.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 to $0.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025. The decrease was due primarily to the decrease in outstanding debt.

Depreciation expense. Depreciation expense for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2025 were $0.7 and $1.1 million, respectively. The increase was due primarily to depreciation of capitalized costs of internal-use software projects that were put into production in 2024.

Amortization expense. Amortization expense for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2025 were $2.0 million and $1.9 million, respectively, representing 1.1% and 0.8%, respectively, of net premiums earned. The decrease was due primarily to an intangible asset being fully amortized at the end of 2024.

Income tax expense. Income tax expense was $6.8 million and $36.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2025, respectively. Our effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2025 was 27.9% and

24.5% for the respective periods. The decrease is due to the purchase of transferable Section 45x advanced manufacturing credits in the current period.

Ratios

Loss ratio. Our loss ratio decreased from 60.4% for the three months ended September 30, 2024 to 13.7% for the three months ended September 30, 2025, primarily as a result of increased net premiums earned from increased policies in force, a decrease in catastrophe losses from non-hurricane weather activity, and the release of reserves related to non-catastrophe events.

Expense ratio. Our expense ratio increased from 33.9% for the three months ended September 30, 2024 to 34.8% for the three months ended September 30, 2025, primarily due to a reduction in premiums earned from Citizens policies in the assumption period with reduced policy acquisition costs from 2024.

Combined ratio. Our combined ratio decreased from 94.3% for the three months ended September 30, 2024 to 48.5% for the three months ended September 30, 2025, primarily as a result of increased net premiums earned from increased policies in force, a decrease in catastrophe losses from non-hurricane weather activity, and the release of reserves related to non-catastrophe events.

Policy acquisition expense ratio. Our policy acquisition expense ratio increased from 11.9% for the three months ended September 30, 2024 to 15.0% for the three months ended September 30, 2025, primarily as a result of a reduction in premiums earned from Citizens' policies in the assumption period with reduced policy acquisition costs.

Debt to capitalization ratio. Our debt to capitalization ratio decreased from 9.9% for the three months ended September 30, 2024 to 3.5% for the three months ended September 30, 2025, primarily as a result of growth in retained earnings from net income and the IPO proceeds.

Return on equity. Our return on equity increased from 4.9% for the three months ended September 30, 2024 to 12.1 % for the three months ended September 30, 2025 as a result of an increase in earnings in the quarter due to reduction in losses incurred.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024

The following table summarizes our results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:

(1) Non-GAAP financial measure. See “Results of Operations – Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a reconciliation of return on tangible equity to return on equity, the most directly comparable GAAP measure.

Revenue

Gross premiums written. Gross premiums written increased from $939.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 to $1,177.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025. The increase in net premiums written was primarily a result of policies assumed by Citizens, increases in renewal rates of existing written policies, as well as new policies written resulting from acquired renewal rights of Florida homeowners’ policies with effective dates of February 2024 and later from Truck Insurance Exchange, a subsidiary of Farmers. We initially acquired policy renewal rights from Farmers in February 2024. These policies were originally written by Farmers, and were due to expire in February 2024 and later. In 2024, we wrote approximately 36% of the policies for which we acquired renewal rights from Farmers. We expect to continue to write new policies pursuant to our renewal rights agreement with Farmers as part of our diversified approach to policy underwriting, subject to market conditions.

The increase in net premiums written was primarily a result of policies assumed by Citizens, and increases in renewal rates of existing written policies. The following table summarizes the sources of our written policies in force as of September 30, 2024 and 2025:

(2) Refers to policies originated by Slide through its independent agents, as well as through its direct-to-consumer channel. For the periods presented, new policies written directly to customers represent less than 1% of policies written in the organic channel.

(3) Includes all policies that expired during the period presented, including policies that were eventually renewed by customers during the period presented.

Our policies acquired during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 decreased by 24,504 policies, or 37.9%, compared to the prior year as a result of a decrease in policies acquired from Citizens during the current period. Our policies written during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 decreased by 19,026 policies, or 49.9%, as a result of fewer Farmers and organic policies written. In addition, for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, our policy renewals increased by 77,908, or 48.5%, as a result of the renewal of policies acquired from Citizens as compared to the same period in 2024, Farmers policy renewals and organic policy renewals. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, our policy renewal rate was 88.5%, an increase from 88.1% for the same period in 2024. Our average premium per residential policy decreased from $4,045 at September 30, 2024 to $3,966 at September 30, 2025 as a result of a decrease in average premium of Citizens policies assumed. Additionally, our average premium per commercial residential policy was $128,518 at September 30, 2025.

Gross premiums earned. Gross premiums earned increased from $773.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 to $1,048.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025. Our policies in force as of September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2025 were approximately 275,107 and 351,707 respectively, and this increase had a favorable impact on our gross premiums earned.

Ceded premiums earned. Ceded premiums for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2025 were approximately $205.2 million and $296.0 million, respectively, representing 26.6% and 28.2%, respectively, of gross premiums earned. The $90.8 million increase was primarily attributable to increased catastrophe reinsurance purchased due to increased policies in force.

Net premiums earned. Net premiums earned increased from $567.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 to $753.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025. The increase in net premiums earned in the comparable periods was primarily attributable to assumptions of policies from Citizens and increased renewals of existing policies.

Net investment income. Net investment income, inclusive of realized investment gains and losses, increased from $34.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 to $47.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025. Our average investable assets increased from $918 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 to $1,568 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025. The increase in net investment income was due to increased equity from retained earnings and increased policies in force.

Policy fees. Policy fees increased from $5.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 to $6.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025. The increase in policy fees in the comparable periods was primarily attributable to increased renewals of existing policies.

Other income. Other income for increased from $1.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 to $1.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025. The increase in other income between the comparable periods was primarily attributable to an increase in commissionable premiums produced for other insurance companies.

Total revenue. Total revenue increased from $608.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 to $808.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025. The increase in total revenue was due primarily to an increase in net premiums earned in the comparable periods primarily attributable to assumptions of policies from Citizens and increased renewals of existing policies.

Expenses

Losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred, net. Losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred, net decreased from $280.2 million (inclusive of catastrophe losses of $55.8 million from Hurricane Debby and Hurricane Helene) for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 to $208.4 million (there were no incurred losses from named storms during the period) for the nine months ended September 30, 2025. The decrease in losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred, net resulted primarily from the release of non-catastrophe reserve due to lower than expected payments. Losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred, net for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 included losses paid of $146.8 million and a $61.6 million increase in unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred, net, including the addition of $60.7 million of IBNR reserves. As of September 30, 2025, we reported $316.0 million in unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred, net, which included $256.4 million attributable to IBNR, or 81.2% of total reserves for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred, net.

Policy acquisition and other underwriting expenses. Policy acquisition and other underwriting expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2025 were approximately $56.9 million and $97.1 million, respectively, representing 10.0% and 13.0%, respectively, of net premiums earned. The increase was primarily attributable to increased policies in force and fewer premiums earned on Citizens' policies in their assumption period, which had reduced policy acquisition costs in 2024.

General and administrative expenses. General and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2025 were approximately $91.8 million and $124.3 million, respectively, representing 16.2% and 16.5%, respectively, of net premiums earned. The increase was due primarily to the growth in staffing to support the Company’s increased policies in force. Payroll and related expenses increased from $43.3 million to $59.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2025, respectively. This increase is attributed to increased personnel needed to grow and service policies in force. Personnel count increased from 204 at January 1, 2024 to 309 at September 30, 2024 and from 346 at January 1, 2025 to 474 at September 30, 2025. Software and IT infrastructure expenses increased from $18.8 million to $31.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2025 respectively. This increase is attributed to increased software costs related to increased policies in force. Professional services expenses decreased from $11.8 million to $7.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2025 respectively. This decrease is attributed to reduced costs from third parties in servicing policies in force.

Interest expense. Interest expense decreased from $2.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 to $2.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025. The decrease was due primarily to the decrease in outstanding debt.

Depreciation expense. Depreciation expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2025 were $1.3 and $3.5 million, respectively. The increase was due primarily to depreciation of capitalized costs of internal-use software projects that were put into production in 2024.

Amortization expense. Amortization expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2025 were $5.9 million and $5.7 million, respectively, representing 1.0% and 0.8%, respectively, of net premiums earned. The decrease was due primarily to an intangible asset being fully amortized at the end of 2024.

Income tax expense. Income tax expense was $43.1 million and $93.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2025, respectively. Our effective tax rate for each of the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2025 was 25.5%.

Ratios

Loss ratio. Our loss ratio decreased from 49.3% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 to 27.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, primarily as a result of increased net premiums earned from increased policies in force and a decrease in catastrophe losses from non-hurricane weather activity.

Expense ratio. Our expense ratio increased from 27.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 to 30.6% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, primarily due to a reduction in premiums earned from Citizens policies in the assumption period with reduced policy acquisition costs in 2024.

Combined ratio. Our combined ratio decreased from 76.8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 to 58.3% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, primarily as a result of increased net premiums earned from increased policies in force and a decrease in catastrophe losses from non-hurricane weather activity.

Policy acquisition expense ratio. Our policy acquisition expense ratio increased from 10.0% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 to 12.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, primarily as a result of a reduction in premiums earned from Citizens' policies in the assumption period with reduced policy acquisition costs.

Debt to capitalization ratio. Our debt to capitalization ratio decreased from 9.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 to 3.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, primarily as a result of growth in retained earnings from net income and the IPO proceeds.

Return on equity. Our return on equity decreased from 41.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 to 39.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 as a result of growth in equity due to retained earnings and the IPO proceeds.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

We present our results of operations in a way that we believe will be the most meaningful and useful to investors, analysts, rating agencies and others who use our financial information to evaluate our performance. Some of the measurements are not required by, or presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) under SEC rules and regulations. We refer to these measures as “non-GAAP financial measures.” For example, in this Quarterly Report, we present return on tangible equity, which is a non-GAAP financial measures as defined in Item 10(e) of SEC Regulation S-K. We believe that non-GAAP financial measures, which may be defined and calculated differently by other companies, help explain and enhance the understanding of our results of operations. However, these measures should not be viewed as a substitute for those determined in accordance with GAAP. Reconciliations of our non-GAAP financial measures to the most comparable GAAP figures, for the periods presented follows:

Return on tangible equity

The following table sets forth a reconciliation of return on tangible equity to return on equity, the most directly comparable GAAP measure:

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Our return on tangible equity increased from 5.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2024 to 12.2% for the three months ended September 30, 2025 as a result of growth in equity due to retained earnings due to net income.

Our return on tangible equity decreased from 43.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 to 39.6% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 as a result of growth in equity due to an increase in retained earnings and the IPO proceeds.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We are organized as a Delaware holding company with our operations primarily conducted by our wholly owned insurance company subsidiaries, SIC (domiciled in the State of Florida), Slide Reinsurance Holdings, LLC (a holding company which owns 100% of shares of segregated cell T104 of White Rock Insurance (SAC) LTD.) and our services companies Slide MGA, LLC, Clegg Insurance Advisors, LLC D/B/A Homefront, STAT Claims Co., and Trusted Mitigation Contractors.

The holding company may receive cash through (i) capital contributions or issuance of equity and debt securities, (ii) dividends from our insurance company subsidiaries and (iii) distributions from our services companies. We may use these proceeds to contribute funds to our insurance company subsidiaries to support growth, pay dividends, pay taxes, or for other corporate purposes.

SIC can only pay dividends to the holding company out of its available and accumulated surplus funds, which are derived from realized net operating profits on its business and net unrealized capital gains. Dividend payments without prior written approval of the FLOIR shall not exceed the larger of:

• The lesser of 10% of surplus or net income, not including realized capital gains, plus a two-year carryforward;
• Ten percent of surplus, with dividends payable constrained to unassigned funds, minus 25% of unrealized capital gains;
• The lesser of 10% of surplus or net investment income plus a three-year carryforward with dividends payable constrained to unassigned funds minus 25% of unrealized capital gains; and
• In lieu of the above computations, the maximum dividend allowed by SIC may be up to the greater of 10% of surplus derived from realized net operating profits and realized capital gains or net operating profits and net realized capital gains from the immediately preceding calendar year, limited to 115% of minimum required surplus after dividends. The maximum dividend allowable by SIC is $6.1 million.

No dividends were paid by SIC in 2024. Florida Statute Section 624.408 requires SIC to maintain a minimum level of surplus of not less than the greater of 10% of its total liabilities, or $15.0 million. Based on this requirement, SIC was required to maintain capital and surplus of $84.1 million and $70.8 million as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, SIC’s statutory-basis surplus totaled $316.6 million and $208.0 million, meeting the minimum surplus requirements.

As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 we had $1.402 billion and $789.8 million, respectively, in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, which primarily consisted of cash, money market accounts and U.S. Treasury bills. We intend to maintain substantial cash or cash equivalent balances during hurricane season to meet seasonal liquidity needs relating to potential catastrophic losses.

Our insurance subsidiaries generate cash through premium collections, investment income and the sale or maturity of invested assets. During our start-up phase, we funded our working capital requirements primarily through private sales of equity. We received net proceeds of approximately $123.5 million primarily from equity issuances through December 31, 2024 and $263.3 million from the IPO proceeds. See “—Equity Issuances” in this quarterly report. We use our cash to pay reinsurance premiums, losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred, net, policy acquisition and other underwriting expenses, salaries and employee benefits and other expenses, as well as to purchase investments.

Although we can provide no assurances, we believe that the net proceeds from our IPO, together with our available cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash balance and cash generated from operations, should be sufficient to meet our working capital requirements and other capital expenditures for the next 12 months.

Cash Flows

Our most significant source of cash is from premiums received from insureds, net of the related commission amount for the policies. Our most significant cash outflows are for claims that arise when a policyholder incurs an insured loss and for catastrophe excess of loss reinsurance. Because the payment of claims occurs after the receipt of the premium, often years later, we invest the cash in various investment securities that generally earn interest and dividends. The table below summarizes our net cash flow.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, cash flows provided by operating activities was $375.7 million, a decrease of $19.8 million from the nine months ended September 30, 2024, driven by a change in net income and purchase of transferable tax credits. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, cash flows provided by investing activities was $0.6 million, an increase of $193.5 million from the nine months ended September 30, 2024, driven by the reduced purchases of fixed-maturity securities available-for-sale. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, cash flows used by financing activities was $237.3 million, an increase of $232.6 million from the nine months ended September 30, 2024, driven by the IPO proceeds.

Seasonality of Our Business

Our insurance business is seasonal as hurricanes typically occur during the period from June 1 through November 30 each year. With our catastrophe reinsurance program effective on June 1 each year, any variation in the cost of our reinsurance, whether due to changes to reinsurance rates or changes in the total insured value of our policy base, will occur and be reflected in our financial results beginning June 1 of each year, subject to certain adjustments.

Credit Facility

On June 25, 2024, we entered into an amended and restated credit agreement with Regions Bank for a $10.0 million revolving credit facility, which was increased to $45.0 million pursuant to the accordion feature on March 20, 2025, a term loan in an aggregate principal amount of $40.0 million and one or more delayed draw term loans in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed $125.0 million (together, the “Credit Facility”). The Credit Facility contains covenants that, among other things, restrict our ability to make certain restricted payments, incur additional debt, engage in certain asset sales, mergers, acquisitions or similar transactions, create liens on assets, engage in certain transactions with affiliates, change our business or make investments and require us to comply with certain financial covenants. Pursuant to the terms of the Credit Facility, we may from time to time establish one or more additional term loans subject to certain conditions precedent contained therein. The Credit Facility is guaranteed by certain of our subsidiaries and is secured by certain of our cash and deposit account balances. The Credit Facility matures on June 25, 2029. At September 30, 2025, the Company had no borrowings outstanding under the revolving credit facility and an outstanding balance of $36.0 million on the term loan. At September 30, 2025, the Company was in compliance with all required covenants and had available borrowing capacity of $170.0 million.

The Credit Facility accrues interest at (i) for base rate loans, the highest of (a) the prime rate, (b) the federal funds rate, as in effect from time to time, plus 0.50% per annum, (c) the term secured overnight financing rate (“SOFR”) in effect on such day for a forward-looking interest period of one month commencing on such day, plus 1.00% per annum, and (d) the floor of 0.00% per annum, in each case plus an applicable margin of (x) if the consolidated total leverage ratio, as defined in the Credit Facility, is less than 1.00:1.00, 2.25%, (y) if the consolidated total leverage ratio is greater than or equal to 1.00:1.00 but less than 1.50:1.00, 2.50% or (z) if the consolidated total leverage ratio is greater than or equal to 1.50:1.00, 2.75%, and (ii) for SOFR based loans, the rate per annum equal to the SOFR reference rate for a forward-looking tenor comparable to the then applicable or selected (as applicable) interest period, determined as of a periodic term

SOFR determination date, or the floor of 0.00% per annum, if applicable, plus an applicable margin of (x) if the consolidated total leverage ratio is less than 1.00:1.00, 3.25%, (y) if the consolidated total leverage ratio is greater than or equal to 1.00:1.00 but less than 1.50:1.00, 3.50% or (z) if the consolidated total leverage ratio is greater than or equal to 1.50:1.00, 3.75%.

Corporate Taxes

As a corporation, we are subject to typical corporate U.S. federal and state income tax rates which we expect to result in a statutory tax rate of approximately 25.4% under current tax law.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not maintain any other off-balance sheet arrangements. Please see Note 14, Commitments and Contingencies, in the notes to our financial statements for more information.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

The following table illustrates our contractual obligations and commercial commitments by due date as of September 30, 2025:

1) Interest on the Credit Facility is calculated using 7.56% in effect at September 30, 2025 with the assumption that interest rates remain flat over the remainder of the period that the Credit Facility is outstanding. At our option, we may prepay the Credit Facility, in whole or in part, without premium or penalty.

Financial Condition

Stockholders’ Equity

As of September 30, 2025, stockholders’ equity was $964.2 million. As of December 31, 2024, total stockholders’ equity was $433.2 million. The increase was primarily due to increased retained earnings and the IPO proceeds.

Investment Portfolio

Our primary investment objectives are to maintain liquidity, preserve capital and generate a stable level of investment income. We purchase securities that we believe are attractive on a relative value basis and seek to generate returns in excess of predetermined benchmarks. Our Board determines our investment guidelines in compliance with applicable regulatory restrictions on asset type, quality and concentration.

Our cash and invested assets consist of cash and cash equivalents, fixed maturity securities and equity securities. As of September 30, 2025, the majority of our investments, or $473.1 million, was comprised of fixed income securities rated BBB- or better. Our investments also include $4.0 million of other securities. In addition, we maintained a non-restricted cash and cash equivalent balance of $861.6 million and a restricted cash balance of $540.6 million as of September 30, 2025.

As of December 31, 2024, the majority of our investments, or $464.8 million, was comprised of fixed income securities rated BBB- or better. Also included in our investments were $4.5 million of other investments. In addition, we maintained a non-restricted cash and cash equivalent balance of $493.4 million and a restricted cash balance of $296.4 million as of December 31, 2024.

As of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, the amortized cost and fair value on available for sale securities were as follows:

($ in thousands)

($ in thousands)

The following tables provide the credit quality of available for sale investments as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

($ in thousands)

43

($ in thousands)

The amortized cost and fair value of our available for sale investments in fixed maturity securities summarized by contractual maturity as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are displayed in the tables below. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations.

($ in thousands)

($ in thousands)

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions about future events. These estimates and the underlying assumptions affect the amounts of assets and liabilities reported, disclosures about contingent assets and liabilities and reported amounts of revenues and expenses. We believe that the accounting estimates discussed below represent the accounting estimates requiring the exercise of judgment where a different set of judgments could result in the greatest changes to reported results. Our current critical accounting policies and estimates are as follows:

Premiums. We record direct and assumed written premiums as revenue, net of ceded amounts on a daily pro rata basis over the contract period of the related policies that are in force. For any portion of premiums not earned at the end of the reporting period, we record an unearned premium liability.

Premiums receivable represents amounts due from our policyholders for billed premiums and related policy fees. We perform a policy level evaluation to determine the extent to which the balance of the premiums receivable exceeds the balance of the unearned premiums. We then age any resulting exposure based on the last date the policy was billed to the policyholder, and we establish an allowance account for credit losses for any amounts outstanding for more than 90 days. When we receive payments on amounts previously charged off, we credit bad debt expense in the period we receive the payment. Balances in premiums receivable and the associated allowance account are removed upon cancellation of the policy due to non-payment. We recorded an allowance for uncollectible premiums of $1.0 and $2.3 million at December 31, 2024 and September 30, 2025.

When we receive premium payments from policyholders prior to the effective date of the related policy, we record an advance premium liability. On the policy effective date, we reduce the advance premium liability and record the premiums as described above.

Reserves for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred, net. Reserves for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred, net, also referred to as loss reserves, represent the most significant accounting estimate inherent in the preparation of our financial statements. These reserves represent management’s best estimate of the amount we will ultimately pay for losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred, net and we base the amount upon the application of various actuarial reserve estimation techniques as well as considering other material facts and circumstances known at the balance sheet date.

We establish two categories of loss reserves as follows:

• Case reserves—When a claim is reported, we establish an initial estimate of the losses that will ultimately be paid on the reported claim. Our initial estimate for each claim is based upon the judgment of our claims professionals who are familiar with property and liability losses associated with the coverage offered by our policies. Then, our claims personnel perform an evaluation of the type of claim involved, the circumstances surrounding each claim and the policy provisions relating to the loss and adjust the reserve as necessary. As claims mature, we increase or decrease the reserve estimates as deemed necessary by our claims department based upon additional information we receive regarding the loss, the results of on-site reviews and any other information we gather while reviewing the claims.
• IBNR reserves—Our IBNR reserves include true IBNR reserves plus “bulk” reserves. True IBNR reserves represent amounts related to claims for which a loss occurred on or before the date of the financial statements but which have not yet been reported to us. Bulk reserves represent additional amounts that cannot be allocated to particular claims, but which are necessary to estimate ultimate losses on known claims. We estimate our IBNR reserves by projecting our ultimate losses using industry accepted actuarial methods and then deducting actual loss payments and case reserves from the projected ultimate losses. We review and adjust our IBNR reserves on a quarterly basis based on information available to us at the balance sheet date.

When we establish our reserves, we analyze various factors such as the evolving historical loss experience of the insurance industry as well as our experience, claims frequency and severity, our business mix, our claims processing procedures, legislative enactments, judicial decisions and legal developments in imposition of damages, and general economic conditions, including inflation. A change in any of these factors from the assumptions implicit in our estimates will cause our ultimate loss experience to be better or worse than indicated by our reserves, and the difference could be material. Due to the interaction of the foregoing factors, there is no precise method for evaluating the impact of any one specific factor in isolation, and an element of judgment is ultimately required. Due to the uncertain nature of any projection of the future, the ultimate amount we will pay for losses will be different from the reserves we record.

We determine our ultimate loss reserves by selecting a point estimate within a relevant range of indications that we calculate using generally accepted actuarial techniques. Our selection of the point estimate is influenced by the analysis of our paid losses and incurred losses since inception, as well as industry information relevant to the population of exposures drawn from Citizens. At our current level of experience, industry information strongly influences the basis for estimates of claims related factors. We expect that our loss experience will be of growing significance in future periods.

Our reserves as of December 31, 2024 were in excess of the reserves estimated and evaluated by our Chief Actuarial Officer to be necessary to meet the requirements of the insurance laws of Florida, be consistent with reserves computed in accordance with accepted loss reserving standards and principles, and make a reasonable provision for all unpaid loss and loss adjustment expense obligations under the terms of our contracts and agreements. In addition to $111.7 million of recorded case reserves, we recorded $483.8 million of IBNR reserves as of December 31, 2024 to achieve overall reserves of $595.5 million.

The process of establishing our reserves is complex and necessarily imprecise, as it involves using judgment that is affected by many variables. We believe a reasonably likely change in almost any of the factors we evaluate as part of our loss reserve analysis could have an impact on our reported results, financial position and liquidity.

The following table quantifies the impact of changes in our loss reserves on our net income, stockholders’ equity and liquidity as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024:

(dollars in thousands)

(1) Adjusted cash, cash equivalents and investments is intended to present a measure of future liquidity and consists of cash, cash equivalents and investments, less loss reserves, net of taxes, assuming a 25.39% tax rate.

Policy acquisition and other underwriting expenses. We incur policy acquisition and other underwriting expenses that vary with, and are directly related to, the production of new business. Policy acquisition and other underwriting expenses consist of the following three items: (i) commissions paid to outside agents at the time of policy issuance, (ii) premium taxes and (iii) inspection fees. We capitalize policy acquisition and other underwriting expenses to the extent recoverable, then we amortize those costs over the contract period of the related policy.

At each reporting date, we determine whether we have a premium deficiency. A premium deficiency would result if the sum of our expected losses, deferred policy acquisition and other underwriting expenses and policy maintenance costs (such as costs to store records and costs incurred to collect premiums and pay commissions) exceeded our related unearned premiums plus investment income. Should we determine that a premium deficiency exists, we would write off the unrecoverable portion of deferred policy acquisition and other underwriting expenses.

Reinsurance. We follow industry practice of reinsuring a portion of our risks. Reinsurance involves transferring, or “ceding,” all or a portion of the risk exposure on policies we write to another insurer, known as a reinsurer. To the extent that our reinsurers are unable to meet the obligations they assume under our reinsurance agreements, we remain liable for the entire insured loss.

Our reinsurance agreements are short-term, prospective contracts. We record an asset, prepaid reinsurance premiums, and a liability, reinsurance payable, for the entire contract amount upon commencement of our new reinsurance agreements. We amortize our prepaid reinsurance premiums over the applicable contract period.

In the event that we incur losses recoverable under our reinsurance program, we record amounts recoverable from our reinsurers on paid losses plus an estimate of amounts recoverable on unpaid losses. The estimate of amounts recoverable on unpaid losses is a function of our liability for unpaid losses associated with the reinsured policies; therefore, the amount changes in conjunction with any changes to our estimate of unpaid losses. Though an estimate of amounts recoverable from reinsurers on unpaid losses may change at any point in the future because of its relation to our reserves for unpaid losses, a reasonable probability exists that an estimated recovery may change significantly in the near term from the amounts included in our consolidated financial statements.

We estimate uncollectible amounts receivable from reinsurers based on an assessment of factors including the creditworthiness of the reinsurers and the adequacy of collateral obtained, where applicable. We recorded no amounts uncollectible under our reinsurance program or bad debt expense related to reinsurance during the year ended December 31, 2024, or the nine months ended September 30, 2025.

Investments. We currently classify all of our investments in fixed-maturity securities as available-for-sale and report them at fair value. Subsequent to our acquisition of available-for-sale securities, we record changes in value through the date of disposition as unrealized holding gains and losses, net of tax effects, and include them as a component of other comprehensive income. We include realized gains and losses, which we calculate using the specific-identification method for determining the cost of securities sold, in net income. We amortize any premium or discount on investments over the remaining maturity period of the related investments using the effective interest method, and we report the amortization in net investment income. We recognize dividends and interest income when earned.

A large portion of our investment portfolio consists of fixed-maturity securities, which may be adversely affected by changes in interest rates as a result of governmental monetary policies, domestic and international economic and political conditions and other factors beyond our control. A rise in interest rates would decrease the net unrealized holding gains of our investment portfolio, offset by our ability to earn higher rates of return on funds reinvested. Conversely, a decline in interest rates would increase the net unrealized holding gains of our investment portfolio, offset by lower rates of return on funds reinvested.

Fair Value. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants (an exit price). When reporting the fair values of our financial instruments, we prioritize those fair value measurements into one of three levels based on the nature of the inputs, as follows:

• Level 1—Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities;
• Level 2—Valuations based on observable inputs that do not meet the criteria for Level 1, including quoted prices in inactive markets and quoted prices in active markets for similar, but not identical instruments; and
• Level 3—Valuations based on unobservable inputs, which are based upon the best available information when external market data is limited or unavailable.

We estimate the fair value of our investments using the closing prices on the last business day of the reporting period, obtained from active markets. For securities for which quoted prices in active markets are unavailable, we use observable inputs such as quoted prices in inactive markets, quoted prices in active markets for similar instruments, benchmark interest rates, broker quotes and other relevant inputs. We do not have any investments in our portfolio which require us to use unobservable inputs. Our estimates of fair value reflect the interest rate environment that existed as of the close of business on December 31, 2024 and the nine months ended September 30, 2025. Changes in interest rates subsequent to December 31, 2024 or the nine months ended September 30, 2025 may affect the fair value of our investments.

The carrying amounts for the following financial instruments approximate their fair values at December 31, 2024, and the nine months ended September 30, 2025 because of their short-term nature: cash and cash equivalents, accrued investment income, premiums receivable, reinsurance payable, and accounts payable and accrued expenses.

Stock-based compensation. We account for stock-based compensation under the fair value recognition provisions of U.S. GAAP, which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation for all stock-based awards made to employees and directors based on estimated fair values. Prior to the IPO, the valuation of our common stock required us to make highly complex and subjective estimates because our shares were not publicly traded. We do not currently need these estimates to determine the fair value of new stock-based compensation awards since our underlying shares are trading publicly. In accordance with U.S. GAAP, the fair value of stock based awards is amortized over the requisite service period, which is defined as the period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for an award. We use a straight-line attribution method for all grants that include only a service condition.

Income taxes. We file as a corporation and thus are subject to United States income tax on our worldwide income as a U.S. corporation.

We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. We measure deferred tax assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which we expect to recover or settle those temporary differences. Should a change in tax rates occur, we recognize the effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities in operations in the period that includes the enactment date. Realization of our deferred income tax assets depends upon our generation of sufficient future taxable income.

We recognize the financial statement benefit of a tax position only after determining that the relevant tax authority would more likely than not sustain the position following an audit. For tax positions meeting the more likely than not threshold, the amount recognized in the consolidated financial statements is the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the relevant taxing authority.

We record any income tax penalties and income tax-related interest as income tax expense in the period incurred. We incurred underestimated tax penalties and interest of $1.2 million during year ended December 31, 2024.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

We determined that all recently issued accounting pronouncements will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows, or do not apply to our operations.

Emerging Growth Company Status

We are an emerging growth company, as defined in the JOBS Act. For as long as we are an emerging growth company, we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies,” including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, exemptions from the requirements of holding advisory “say-on-pay” votes on executive compensation and stockholder advisory votes on golden parachute compensation.

Under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can also delay adopting new or revised accounting standards issued subsequent to the enactment of the JOBS Act until such time as those standards apply to private companies. We have elected to use this extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until the earlier of the date that the Company (i) is no longer an emerging growth company or (ii) affirmatively and irrevocably opts out of the extended transition period provided in the JOBS Act. As a result, our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with the new or revised accounting pronouncements as of public company effective dates.

Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. In some cases, you can identify these statements by forward-looking words such as “may,” “might,” “will,” “should,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “aim,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential” or “continue,” the negative of these terms and other comparable terminology. These forward-looking statements, which are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions about us, may include projections of our future financial performance, our anticipated growth strategies and anticipated trends in our business. These statements are only predictions based on our current expectations and projections about future events. There are important factors that could cause our actual results, level of activity, performance or achievements to differ materially from the results, level of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements, including those factors discussed in Part II, Item 1A “Risk Factors” in this Quarterly Report and in other reports we file with the SEC.

Although we believe the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, level of activity, performance or achievements. Moreover, neither we nor any other person assumes responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of any of these forward-looking statements. We are under no duty to update any of these forward-looking statements after the date of this Quarterly Report to conform our prior statements to actual results or revised expectations.

The following are some important factors that could cause our actual results to differ from our expectations in any forward-looking statements:

• our limited operating history, which make our business and future prospects difficult to evaluate;
• whether our “Slide” brand becomes as widely known as incumbents’ brands or becomes tarnished;
• the impact of macroeconomic conditions, including declining consumer confidence, inflation, high unemployment and the read of recession;
• the success of the Company's underwriting and profitability initiatives;
• failure to establish accurate reserves, failure to adjust claims accurately, the denial of claims or our failure to accurately and timely pay claims;
• ability to expand within the United States and additional costs and risks we will be subject to as a result;
• intense competition in the segments of the insurance industry in which we operate;
• if reinsurance is unavailable at current levels and prices, and the counterparty risk we are subject to as a result;
• examinations we are periodically subject to by our state insurance regulators, which could result in adverse examination findings and necessitate remedial actions;
• the historically cyclical nature of the insurance business, including the market for homeowners and commercial residential insurance, which may result in us experiencing periods with excess underwriting capacity and unfavorable premium rates;
• weather conditions (including severity and frequency of storms, hurricanes, tornadoes, wildfires and hail);
• the highly regulated environment we operate in and the variety of complex federal and state laws and regulations we are subject to; and
• significantly increased costs we will incur and substantial management time we will devote as a result of operating as a public company.

For further discussion of certain of these factors, see the risk factors disclosed in the section entitled “Risk Factors” this Quarterly Report and in our prospectus included in the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-287556) (the “Registration Statement”) relating to your IPO, as filed June 18, 2025.

Our investment portfolios include fixed-maturity securities, the purposes of which are not for trading or speculation. Our main objective is to maximize after-tax investment income and maintain sufficient liquidity to meet policyholder obligations while minimizing market risk, which is the potential economic loss from adverse fluctuations in securities’ prices. We consider many factors including credit ratings, investment concentrations, regulatory requirements, anticipated fluctuation of interest rates, durations and market conditions in developing investment strategies. Investment securities are managed by BlackRock and are overseen by the investment committee appointed by the board of directors of SIC. Our investment portfolios are primarily exposed to interest rate risk and credit risk. We classify our fixed-maturity securities as available-for-sale and report any unrealized gains or losses, net of deferred income taxes, as a component of other comprehensive income within our shareholders’ equity. As such, any material temporary changes in their fair value can adversely impact the carrying value of our shareholders’ equity.

Interest Rate Risk

Our fixed-maturity securities are sensitive to potential losses resulting from unfavorable changes in interest rates. We manage the risk by analyzing anticipated movement in interest rates and considering our future capital needs.

The following table illustrates the impact of hypothetical changes in interest rates to the fair value of our fixed-maturity securities at September 30, 2025 ($ in thousands):

Credit Risk

Credit risk can expose us to potential losses arising principally from adverse changes in the financial condition of the issuers of our fixed-maturity securities. We mitigate the risk by primarily investing in fixed-maturity securities that are rated “BBB” or higher and diversifying our investment portfolio to avoid concentrations in any single issuer or business sector. Pursuant to our investment policy, only $1.0 million may be invested in below investment grade bonds. The duration of the financial instruments held in our portfolio that are subject to interest rate risk was 3.28 years and 3.29 years at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. To the extent interest rates decrease during 2025, we anticipate the fair value of our fixed rate debt securities to be subject to increase. Credit risk results from uncertainty in a counterparty’s ability to meet its obligations. Credit risk is managed by maintaining a high credit quality fixed maturity securities portfolio. As of September 30, 2025, the estimated weighted average credit quality rating of the fixed maturity securities portfolio was AA-, at fair value, consistent with the average rating at December 31, 2024. For more information regarding the composition of our fixed-maturity securities portfolio, see “—Financial Condition—Investment Portfolio” within Item 2.

Foreign Currency Exchange Risk

At September 30, 2025, we did not have any material exposure to foreign currency related risk.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e)) that are designed to assure that information required to be disclosed in our Exchange Act reports are recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. As required by Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(b), as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2025.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

During the three months ended September 30, 2025, there were no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

The Company documented its risk factors in the prospectus included in the Registration Statement relating to our IPO, as filed June 18, 2025. As of the date of this Quarterly Report, there have been no material changes to the Company’s risk factors since the filing of that final prospectus.