Drilling Tools International Corp: Form 10-K for the period ended Dec 31, 2025

Unless the context otherwise requires, all references in this section to the “Company,” “DTIC,” “we,” “us,” or “our” refer to the business of Drilling Tools International Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries following the consummation of the Merger (defined below), and to Drilling Tools International Holdings, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries prior to the consummation of the Merger.

Our Company

On June 20, 2023, a merger transaction between Drilling Tools International Holdings, Inc. ("DTIH"), ROC Energy Acquisition Corp ("ROC"), and ROC Merger Sub, Inc., a directly, wholly owned subsidiary of ROC, was completed (the "Merger”). In connection with the closing of the Merger, ROC changed its name to Drilling Tools International Corporation ("DTIC"). The common stock of DTIC ("Common Stock" or the "DTIC Common Stock") commenced trading on the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC ("Nasdaq") under the symbol "DTI" on June 21, 2023.

Drilling Tools International Corporation is a global oilfield services company that designs, engineers, manufactures and provides a differentiated, rental-focused offering of tools for use in onshore and offshore horizontal and directional drilling operations, as well as other cutting-edge solutions across the well life cycle.

Drilling and producing oil and gas is a complex endeavor that requires tools of various shapes and sizes. Many of our customers rent these tools, as opposed to owning them, because of the many factors that affect which tools are needed for a specific task. Such factors include different formations, drilling methodologies, drilling engineer preferences, drilling depth and hole size. We believe that we are successful because we meet our customers’ wide demands by operating from multiple locations with over 65,000 tools in our fleet.

We are led by an accomplished management team that has significant experience in the oil and gas industry and has worked together for much of the last decade. Since 2012, we have grown the business and strengthened our standing in the industry. Specifically, we have:

• Grown our revenue by 357%, from $35 million in 2012 to $160 million in 2025;
• Substantially increased our market share within North American land drilling, in which we are the market leader, based on the percentage of active projects to which we supply tools, and regularly have active tool rentals on more than 50% of working locations;
• Expanded our footprint from 3 to 15 service and support centers in North America, allowing us to serve all major oil and gas producing basins in North America land and offshore;
• Established 11 additional International service and support centers across Europe, Middle East, and Asia-Pacific;
• Acquired multiple international businesses, further expanding our presence in the Eastern Hemisphere;
• Become the market leader in Gulf of Mexico ("GOM") deepwater drilling operation tool rentals, based on the percentage of active projects to which we supply tools, growing from serving only a single GOM project in 2012;
• Upgraded our customer base from one comprised primarily of independent directional service providers to one comprised of major diversified oilfield service companies ("OSCs") and global exploration and production ("E&P") operators;
• Built a large sales and marketing organization focused on team selling; and
• Secured distribution rights for emerging technologies that fulfill the growing demand for longer horizontal drilling.

Operating Activities

Our operating activities are divided into two geographic segments:

• Western Hemisphere — our Western Hemisphere segment focuses on providing a comprehensive range of downhole drilling tools and services primarily for onshore and offshore operations across North America and Latin America. This segment offers a rental-focused portfolio that includes directional drilling tools, stabilizers, drill collars (steel and non-magnetic), hole openers, roller reamers, and sub-assemblies, all designed to optimize wellbore performance and enhance drilling efficiency. These tools are engineered to meet API specifications and are backed by robust QA/QC processes, ensuring durability and reliability in challenging drilling environments. Strategically located service centers across the U.S. and Canada enable rapid deployment and maintenance, while engineering support and inspection services further strengthen operational performance.

Overall, our Western Hemisphere segment plays a critical role in our business by combining innovative technology with responsive customer service to meet the evolving demands of the oil and gas industry.

• Eastern Hemisphere — our Eastern Hemisphere segment represents the company’s strategic expansion into Europe, the Middle East, and Asia-Pacific, focusing on delivering advanced drilling solutions for both land and offshore markets. This segment offers a broad portfolio of downhole tools and services across the well life cycle, including directional drilling tools, stabilizers, drill collars (steel and non-magnetic), hole openers, roller reamers, and wellbore optimization technologies. Following a series of acquisitions in 2024 and into 2025—including Deep Casing Tools, European Drilling Projects, and Titan Tools—we strengthened our capabilities in plug and abandonment, slot recovery, and completion enhancement technologies, positioning ourselves as a leader in innovation and reliability. Operations are supported by 11 international service centers strategically located across the EMEA and APAC regions, ensuring rapid deployment and localized customer support. The segment emphasizes engineering excellence, product development, and IP-driven innovation, enabling operators to meet complex drilling challenges.

Our Industry

The Role of Rental Tool Companies in the Production of Oil and Gas

Wellbore construction is a critical stage in the production of oil and gas. Wellbore construction is comprised of drilling the wellbore, logging the target producing formation to determine if commercial amounts of hydrocarbons exist, installing casing, cementing casing and performing completion procedures to prepare the well for production. Even after wellbore construction is complete, production products and services are needed over the well’s full life cycle.

Oil and gas companies typically hire a drilling contractor with an appropriate drilling rig to begin wellbore construction. However, drilling contractors generally do not have all the necessary tools to complete the project, and instead focus their business on the rig and its main components and rarely rent tools on behalf of oil and gas operators. Instead, oil and gas companies prefer to procure the products and services involved in drilling and subsequent procedures on a temporary basis from entities operating in the oil field services ("OFS") industry. This enables them to obtain the best quality, service, and pricing value directly from the service and equipment suppliers. As a result, upon completion of the well, the oil and gas operator does not hold assets that it no longer needs.

The tools provided by rental tool companies vary from select bottom hole assembly components, drill string tools, pressure control devices and a wide variety of specialty items. Rental tool companies purchase assets and rent them to their oil and gas operator customers, who in turn use these tools to complete their respective projects. Rental tool companies typically charge daily rental fees, but fees also can be structured as hourly, footage, weekly, or monthly charges. Rental tool companies also bill customers for repair charges if tools are damaged beyond normal wear and tear. In addition, if the tools are lost in the well, or damaged beyond repair, the customer is charged a replacement fee. Rental tool companies’ ability to charge such fees are particularly important in light of the acceleration of drilling rates, as such acceleration continues the trend of customers consistently damaging tools (although recovery events have decreased year over year). We believe that this commercial arrangement has been standard practice in the industry for over 70 years. Given the cyclical nature of the oil and gas industry, commercial terms will be more favorable to rental tool companies when oil and gas industry activity is higher.

Oil and Gas Drilling Activity

Rental tool companies’ financial and operating results are tied to the level of oil and gas drilling activity in their respective regions of operation, which, in our case, spans across both the Eastern and Western Hemispheres. Historically, the level of activity was measured by the number of active drilling rigs. For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the monthly average Western Hemisphere rig count was 867 and 940 rigs, respectively, or a decrease of 8%. Additionally, for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the monthly average Eastern Hemisphere rig count was 896 and 961 rigs, respectively, or a decrease of 7%

Drilling rigs now operate faster and drill longer laterals, resulting in more efficient production than ever before. Accordingly, we believe that well count and feet drilled are additional indicators of the level of oil and gas drilling activity.

Our Strategy

We intend to (i) maximize the profitability of our core rental tool business, (ii) commercialize new high-value rental tools that make the drilling process more efficient (iii) extend our reach into other segments of a well’s lifecycle, such as completion and production and (iv) expand geographically.

To achieve this, we have implemented a multi-pronged growth strategy focused on increasing sales to E&P operators, maximizing rental tool fleet uptime, and expanding our international footprint. E&P operators now account for over 45% of our revenue, up from less than 10% in 2014, and we aim to grow this further through persistent selling, superior customer service, and differentiated tools. Our COMPASS system optimizes inventory and tool transfers to ensure high utilization, while in-house machining and robotics minimize downtime. At the same time, we continue to professionalize our operations with auditable processes, safety compliance, and quality standards that set us apart from competitors.

To strengthen our market position, we are pursuing accretive acquisitions in the downhole rental tool sector, leveraging our industry relationships and reputation to secure attractive deals. We also differentiate through partnerships with leading tool producers, such as our exclusive agreement for the RotoSteer system, which has shown strong adoption since its 2023 launch. Looking ahead, we plan to expand internationally while maintaining North American leadership. These initiatives position us to deliver sustainable growth and deepen customer relationships across the global oilfield services market.

Our Competitive Strengths

Our company’s competitive strengths stem from an experienced management team, a large and diverse rental tool fleet, and strong customer relationships. Led by Chief Executive Officer ("CEO"), Wayne Prejean, who brings decades of oil and gas expertise, our leadership team has transformed the business from a small entrepreneurial operation into a professional organization serving major OSCs and E&P operators across 15 North American locations and 11 international service and support centers. We maintain over 340 Master Service Agreements with leading customers, supported by rigorous safety and quality standards, industry certifications, and a robust quality assurance program—requirements that many smaller competitors cannot meet.

We differentiate ourselves through scale, technology, and customer service. Our extensive rental tool fleet, concentrated in key regions like the Permian Basin, meets the diverse needs of customers across multiple geographies, creating high barriers to entry for new competitors. Our proprietary COMPASS system streamlines ordering, provides transparency, and optimizes fleet utilization, while our wide distribution network and 24/7 facilities ensure rapid turnaround and minimal downtime. Combined with a specialized salesforce that builds deep relationships at both corporate and field levels, these capabilities position us as a trusted partner and a leading provider in the downhole rental tool industry.

Customers

Our customer base is comprised of: (i) diversified OSCs, which account for approximately 48% of 2025 revenue, including but not limited to Baker Hughes Company, Halliburton Company, Phoenix Energy, and SLB (formerly Schlumberger); (ii) E&P operators, which account for approximately 48% of 2025 revenue, included but not limited to Chevron, BPX Energy, EOG Resources Inc., Occidental Petroleum Corporation, Pioneer Energy Services Corp.; and (iii) oil and gas equipment manufacturers, which account for approximately 4% of 2025 revenue, including but not limited to Liberty Lift Solutions and National Oilwell Varco.

Conducting business with top tier customers requires world-class service quality, safety and auditable work processes. These operating requirements are contained in MSAs with our clients. Obtaining MSAs can be difficult and time-consuming. We believe this creates a barrier to entry for smaller, less competent providers and provides us an industry advantage.

Employees and Employee Safety

We have 432 employees and contractors, all of whom were full-time. Our workforce includes 40 sales professionals who are divided between city-sales and field-sales teams. Keeping our workforce safe and healthy is a key priority, and management is committed to ensuring our employees return home safely after each shift. In 2018, we implemented “Safety Now,” a rigorous safety program that is part of DTI’s Safe, Inspired, Productive incentive program (“SIP”). SIP has helped reduce our total recordable incident rate from 2.3 in 2018 to 0.81 in 2025, which is lower than the industry average. The success of SIP is necessary for us to do business with many of our customers, including Baker Hughes Company, EOG Resources Inc., Occidental Petroleum Corporation and SLB.

Properties

We operate from 15 locations in North America and maintain 11 international service and support centers in Europe, Middle East, and Asia-Pacific as shown below:

Government Regulation and Environmental, Health and Safety Measures

Our business is significantly affected by federal, state and local laws and other regulations. These regulations primarily impact the operation of our facilities. The laws and regulations relate to worker safety standards, the protection of the environment, and waste management, with respect to both fluids and solids.

Our internal environmental group monitors our compliance with applicable laws and regulations. We also engage third parties to review our compliance with such.

We cannot predict the level of enforcement of existing laws and regulations or how such laws and regulations may be interpreted by enforcement agencies or court rulings in the future. We also cannot predict whether additional laws and regulations will be adopted, including changes in regulatory oversight, increase of federal, state or local taxes, increase of inspection costs, or the effect such changes may have on us, our business or our financial condition.

Competition

We believe that there are a limited number of competitors in the oil and gas drilling rental tools industry. It is our view that we enjoy a competitive advantage with respect to these competitors due to our large relevant tool inventory, strong management team and significant scale.

Corporate Information

Our operations date to the founding of Directional Rentals, Inc. in 1984. Its name was changed to “Drilling Tools International, Inc.” in 2014, and it is a wholly owned subsidiary of DTIH. As a result of the Merger, DTIH became a wholly owned subsidiary of ROC who then changed its name to “Drilling Tools International Corporation”. Our website address is www.drillingtools.com (http://www.drillingtools.com). The information found on our website is not part of this or any other report we file with, or furnish to, the SEC and is expressly not incorporated by reference into this document. Our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, proxy statements, and any amendments to these reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 are available on our website, free of charge, as soon as reasonably practicable after such reports are filed with, or furnished to, the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). Alternatively, you may access these reports at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov (http://www.sec.gov).

Summary of Risk Factors

The following is a summary of the risk factors our business faces. The list below is not exhaustive, and investors should read this “Risk Factors” section in full.

Summary of Risk Factors Related to our Business

• Demand for our products and services depends on oil and gas industry activity and customer expenditure levels, which are directly affected by trends in the demand for, and price of, crude oil and natural gas as well as the availability of capital.
• Growth in U.S. drilling activity, and our ability to benefit from such growth, could be adversely affected by any significant constraints in equipment, labor or takeaway capacity in the regions in which we operate.
• We depend on a relatively small number of customers in a single industry. The loss of an important customer could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
• We may be unable to employ a sufficient number of skilled and qualified workers to sustain or expand our current operations.
• Our business depends on the continuing services of certain of our key managers and employees.
• We are an emerging growth company and smaller reporting company and as such are subject to various risks unique only to emerging growth companies and smaller reporting companies, including but not limited to, no requirement to provide an assessment of the effectiveness of internal controls over financial reporting.
• The lack of availability of the tools we purchase to rent to our customers and inflation may increase our cost of operations beyond what we can recover through price increases.
• Delays in obtaining, or inability to obtain or renew, permits or authorizations by our customers for their operations could impair our business.
• Competition within the oil and gas drilling tool rental industry may adversely affect our ability to market our services.
• We may fail to fully execute, integrate, or realize the benefits expected from acquisitions, which may require significant management attention, disrupt our business and adversely affect our results of operations.
• New technology may cause us to become less competitive.
• We rent tools used in the drilling of oil and gas wells. This equipment may subject us to liability, including claims for personal injury, property damage and environmental contamination, or reputational harm if it fails to perform to specifications.
• Our operations, and those of our customers, are subject to hazards inherent in the oil and gas industry, which could expose us, and our customers, to substantial liability and cause us to lose substantial revenue.
• Oilfield anti-indemnity provisions enacted by many states may restrict or prohibit a party’s indemnification of us.
• Political, regulatory, economic and social disruptions in the countries in which we conduct business could adversely affect our business or results of operations.
• A failure of our information technology infrastructure and cyberattack could adversely impact us.
• Our results of operations and financial condition could be negatively impacted by changes in accounting principles.
• Adverse and unusual weather conditions may affect our operations.

Summary of Risk Factors Related to Legal and Regulatory Matters

• Our operations require us to comply with various domestic and international regulations, violations of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
• We are exposed to political, economic and other risks that arise from operating a multinational business.
• The imposition of new or increased international tariffs may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
• Compliance with environmental laws and regulations may adversely affect our business and results of operations.
• Existing or future laws and regulations related to greenhouse gases and climate change and related public and governmental initiatives and additional compliance obligations could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, prospects, and financial condition.
• If we are unable to fully protect our intellectual property rights or trade secrets, we may suffer a loss in revenue or any competitive advantage or market share we hold, or we may incur costs in litigation defending intellectual property rights.
• As a result of plans to expand our business operations, including to jurisdictions in which tax laws may not be favorable, our obligations may change or fluctuate, become significantly more complex or become subject to greater risk of examination by taxing authorities, any of which could adversely affect our after-tax profitability and financial results.

Summary of Risk Factors Related to Ownership of the Common Stock

• If we fail to maintain an effective system of disclosure controls and internal control over financial reporting, our ability to produce timely and accurate financial statements or comply with applicable regulations could be impaired, which may adversely affect investor confidence in us and, as a result, the market price of the Common Stock.
• The market price of the Common Stock may be volatile, which could cause the value of your investment to decline.
• We may require additional capital to support our operations or the growth of our business, and we cannot be certain that this capital will be available on reasonable terms when required, or at all.
• As a public company, we will incur significant increased expenses and administrative burdens which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.
• Our Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of DTIC ("Certificate of Incorporation") designates specific courts as the exclusive forum for substantially all stockholder litigation matters, which could limit the ability of our Stockholders to obtain a favorable forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers or employees.
• Shareholder litigation and regulatory inquiries and investigations are expensive and could harm our business, financial condition and operating results and could divert management attention.
• Past performance by our management team may not be indicative of future performance of an investment in us.
• Sales of substantial amounts of Common Stock in the public markets, or the perception that such sales could occur, could reduce the price that the Common Stock might otherwise attain.
• We may issue additional shares of Common Stock or other equity securities without your approval, which would dilute your ownership interests and may depress the market price of your shares.
• We have access to a significant amount of cash and our management has broad discretion over the use of that cash. Our management may use the cash in ways that our Stockholders may not approve.
• Because there are no current plans to pay cash dividends on the Common Stock for the foreseeable future, you may not receive any return on investment unless you sell the Common Stock at a price greater than what you paid for it.
• Nasdaq Capital Market ("Nasdaq") may delist the Common Stock from trading, which could limit investors’ ability to execute transactions in the Common Stock and subject us to additional trading restrictions.
• If securities or industry analysts do not publish or cease publishing research or reports about us, our business or our market, or if they change their recommendations regarding the Common Stock adversely, the price and trading volume of the Common Stock could decline.

Risks Related to Our Business

Demand for our products and services depends on oil and gas industry activity and customer expenditure levels, which are directly affected by trends in the demand for, and price of, crude oil and natural gas as well as the availability of capital.

Demand for our products and services depends primarily upon the general level of activity in the oil and gas industry, including the number of drilling rigs in operation, the number of oil and gas wells being drilled, the depth and drilling conditions of these wells, the volume of production, the number of well completions and the cumulative feet drilled, the level of well remediation activity, and the corresponding capital spending by oil and gas companies. Oil and gas activity is in turn heavily influenced by, among other factors, current and anticipated oil and natural gas prices locally and worldwide. Historically, such prices have been volatile, and declines, whether actual or anticipated, thereof could negatively affect the level of oil and gas activity and related capital spending. Decreases in oil and gas activity and related capital spending could, in turn, adversely affect demand for our products and services and, in certain instances, result in the cancellation, modification or curtailing of demand for our services and the ability of our customers to pay us for our products and services. These factors could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

The oil and gas industry is cyclical and has historically experienced periodic downturns. These downturns have been characterized by diminished demand for our products and services and downward pressure on the prices we charge. These downturns generally cause many E&P companies to reduce their capital budgets and drilling activity. Any future downturn or expected downturn could result in a significant decline in demand for OFS and adversely affect our business, results of operations and cash flows.

Customer expenditure levels could also drop if our customers face difficulty in accessing capital. If commodity prices drop, our customers may face liquidity constraints and the deterioration of their respective credit worthiness. Moreover, our customers may have limited viable financing alternatives in light of unfavorable lending and investment policies held by financial institutions associated with concerns about environmental impacts of the oil and gas industry or its products. Similarly, certain institutional investors have divested themselves of investments in this industry. If any of our customers experience any of these challenges, they may reduce spending, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations and cash flows.

Growth in U.S. drilling activity, and our ability to benefit from such growth, could be adversely affected by any significant constraints in equipment, labor or takeaway capacity in the regions in which we operate.

Growth in U.S. drilling activity may be impacted by, among other things, the availability and cost of drilling equipment, pipeline capacity, and material and labor shortages. Significant growth in drilling activity could strain availability of the equipment, materials and labor required to drill and complete a well, together with the ability to move the produced oil and natural gas to market. Should significant constraints develop that materially impact the efficiency and economics of oil and gas producers, growth in U.S. drilling activity could be adversely affected. This would have an adverse impact on the demand for the products we sell and rent, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and cash flows.

We depend on a relatively small number of customers in a single industry. The loss of an important customer could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our customers are primarily diversified OFS companies and E&P operators. Historically, we have been dependent on a relatively small number of customers for our revenues. Our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected if an important customer ceases to engage us for our services on favorable terms, or at all, or fails to pay or delays paying us significant amounts of our outstanding receivables.

We have operated under a first call supply agreement with one of our largest customer since 2013. We and this customer have agreed to multiple extensions of this agreement, the most recent of which extends the agreement through 2026. However, if we are unable to successfully negotiate extensions in the future, then our ability to do business with this customer may be greatly reduced. Moreover, the supply agreements that we have entered into with our other customers are also of limited duration and require periodic extensions. Similarly, a failure to agree to such extensions may hinder our ability to do business with these customers.

Additionally, the E&P industry is characterized by frequent consolidation activity. Changes in ownership of our customers may result in the loss of, or reduction in, business from those customers. Moreover, customers may use their size and purchasing power to seek economies of scale and pricing concessions. Consolidation may also result in reduced capital spending by some of our customers, which may lead to a decreased demand for our services and equipment. We cannot assure you that we will be able to maintain our level of sales to a customer that has consolidated or replace that revenue with increased business activity with other customers. As a result, the acquisition of one or more of our primary customers may have a significant negative impact on our business, results of operations, financial condition or cash flows. We are unable to predict what effect consolidations in the industry may have on price, capital spending by our customers, our market share and selling strategies, our competitive position, our ability to retain customers or our ability to negotiate favorable agreements with our customers.

We may be unable to employ a sufficient number of skilled and qualified workers to sustain or expand our current operations.

The delivery of our products and services requires personnel with specialized skills and experience. Our ability to be productive and profitable will depend upon our ability to attract and retain skilled workers. In addition, our ability to expand our operations depends in part on our ability to increase the size of our skilled labor force. The demand for skilled workers is high, and the cost to attract and retain qualified personnel has increased. During industry downturns, skilled workers may leave the industry, reducing the availability of qualified workers when conditions improve. In addition, a significant increase in the wages paid by competing employers both within and outside of our industry could result in increases in the wage rates that we must pay. Our expenes related to salary and wages continue to increase year over year, especially those expenses related to certain key oil and gas producing regions, as we sought to meet increasing customer demand. During the year ended December 31, 2025, we experienced similar increases. If we are not able to employ and retain skilled workers, our ability to respond quickly to customer demands or strong market conditions may inhibit our growth, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and cash flows.

Our business depends on the continuing services of certain of our key managers and employees.

We depend on key personnel. The loss of key personnel could adversely impact our business if we are unable to implement our strategy and successfully manage our business in their absence. The loss of qualified employees or an inability to retain and motivate additional highly-skilled employees required for the operation and expansion of our business could hinder our ability to successfully maintain and expand our market share.

Equity interests in us are a substantial portion of the net worth of our executive officers and several of our other senior managers. As a result, those executive officers and senior managers may have less incentive to remain employed by us if they were to sell their equity interests. After terminating their employment with us, some of them may become employed by our competitors.

We are an emerging growth company and smaller reporting company and as such are subject to various risks unique only to emerging growth companies and smaller reporting companies.

We are an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Out Business Startups Act of 2012 ("JOBS Act"). We will remain an emerging growth company until the earlier of (i) December 31, 2026, the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the date of the ROC initial public offering; (ii) the last day of the fiscal year in which we have total annual gross revenues of $1.235 billion or more; (iii) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in nonconvertible debt during the previous three years; or (iv) the date on which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer under applicable Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") rules.

We expect that we will remain an emerging growth company for the foreseeable future but cannot retain our emerging growth company status indefinitely and will no longer qualify as an emerging growth company on or before December 31, 2026. References herein to “emerging growth company” have the meaning associated with it in the JOBS Act.

For so long as we remain an emerging growth company, we are permitted and intend to rely on exemptions from specified disclosure requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies. These exemptions include:

• being permitted to provide only two years of audited financial statements, in addition to any required unaudited interim financial statements, with correspondingly reduced “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” disclosure;
• not being required to comply with the requirement of auditor attestation of our internal controls over financial reporting;
• not being required to comply with any requirement that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board ("PCAOB") regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report providing additional information about the audit and the financial statements;
• reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation; and
• not being required to hold a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.

Additionally, as an emerging growth company and smaller reporting company our status as such carries various unique risks such as the risk that our financial statements may not be comparable to those of other public companies.

An emerging growth company can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards. This allows an emerging growth company to delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have elected to avail ourselves of this extended transition period and, as a result, we will not be required to adopt new or revised accounting standards on the dates on which adoption of such standards is required for other public reporting companies.

We are also a “smaller reporting company” as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act, and have elected to take advantage of certain of the scaled disclosure available for smaller reporting companies.

The lack of availability of the tools we purchase to rent to our customers and inflation may increase our cost of operations beyond what we can recover through price increases.

Our ability to source tools, such as drill collars, stabilizers, crossover subs, wellbore conditioning tools, drill pipe, hevi-wave drill pipe and tubing, at reasonable cost is critical to our ability to successfully compete. Among other things, international conflicts have caused steel and assembled components to increase in price. Our business and results of operations may be adversely affected by our inability to manage rising costs and the availability of the tools that we rent to our customers. Additionally, freight costs, specifically ocean freight costs, have risen significantly due to a number of factors including, but not limited to, a scarcity of shipping containers, congested seaports, a shortage of commercial drivers, capacity constraints on vessels or lockdowns in certain markets. We cannot assure you that we will be able to continue to purchase and move these tools on a timely basis or at commercially viable prices, nor can we be certain of the impact of changes to tariffs and future legislation that may impact trade with China or other countries. Should our current suppliers be unable to provide the necessary tools or otherwise fail to deliver such tools timely and in the quantities required, resulting delays in the provision of rentals to our customers could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and cash flows.

The United States has recently experienced the highest inflation in decades primarily due to supply-chain issues, a shortage of labor and a build-up of demand for goods and services. The most noticeable adverse impact to our business has been increased freight, materials and vehicle-related costs as well as higher salaries and wages. To date, we do not believe that inflation has had a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations because we have been able to increase the prices we receive from our customers. We cannot be sure how long elevated inflation rates will continue. We cannot be confident that all costs will return to the lower levels experienced in prior years even as the rate of inflation abates. Our business and results of operations may be adversely affected by these rising costs to the extent we are unable to recoup them from our customers.

Delays in obtaining, or inability to obtain or renew, permits or authorizations by our customers for their operations could impair our business.

Our customers are required to obtain permits or authorizations from one or more governmental agencies or other third parties to perform drilling and completion activities, including hydraulic fracturing. Such permits or approvals are typically required by state agencies but can also be required by federal and local governmental agencies or other third parties. The requirements for such permits or authorizations vary depending on the location where such drilling and completion activities will be conducted. As with most permitting and authorization processes, there is a degree of uncertainty as to whether a permit will be granted, the time it will take for a permit or approval to be issued and the conditions which may be imposed in connection with the granting of the permit. In some jurisdictions, certain regulatory authorities have delayed or suspended the issuance of permits or authorizations while the potential environmental impacts associated with issuing such permits can be studied and appropriate mitigation measures evaluated.

In Texas, many rural water districts impose restrictions on water use and may require permits for water used in drilling and completion activities. In addition, in early January 2025, President Biden issued executive actions indefinitely banning new offshore oil and gas drilling across more than 625 million acres of federal waters, including the entire Atlantic and Pacific coastlines, the eastern Gulf of Mexico, and parts of Alaska's Northern Bering Sea. Upon taking office later in January 2025, President Trump signed executive orders reversing these bans. In February 2025, environmental groups filed lawsuits aiming to reinstate Biden’s bans on new offshore oil and gas drilling. Currently, the Trump administration's reversal of the offshore drilling ban is in effect, but the outcome of the pending legal challenges could impact future policy and enforcement.

In January 2025, President Trump issued several executive orders with a stated aim toward increasing oil and gas development within the United States, with anticipated future regulatory activity including opening federal lands to oil and gas leasing (with particular focus on resources in Alaska) and expediting permitting for oil and gas projects in the United States. While certain of the Trump administration’s actions in early 2025 indicate a clear regulatory shift in favor of oil and gas production in the United States, significant additional regulatory action is required to enact these changes. Additionally, such regulatory actions may be challenged, which could result in implementation delays or a need to take further regulatory action. Additionally, even if these regulatory actions are successful, individual permitting and leasing actions may be challenged, creating additional uncertainty.

Competition within the oil and gas drilling tool rental industry may adversely affect our ability to market our services.

The oil and gas drilling tool rental tool industry is highly competitive and fragmented. The number of rental tool companies active in a given market may exceed the corresponding demand therefor, which could result in active price competition. Some oil and gas drilling companies prioritize rental prices when choosing to contract with a rental tool company, which may further increase competition based primarily on price. In addition, adverse market conditions lower demand for drilling equipment, which results in excess equipment and lower utilization rates. If market conditions in our operating areas deteriorate from current levels or if adverse market conditions persist, the prices we are able to charge and utilization rates may decline. Moreover, our customers may choose to purchase some or all of the tools that they typically rent from us, thereby reducing the volume of business that we conduct with such customers. Any significant future increase in overall market capacity for the rental equipment or services that we offer could adversely affect our business, results of operations and cash flows.

We may fail to fully execute, integrate, or realize the benefits expected from acquisitions, which may require significant management attention, disrupt our business and adversely affect our results of operations.

As part of our business strategy and to remain competitive, we continually evaluate acquiring or making investments in complementary companies, products or technologies. We may not be able to find suitable acquisition candidates or complete such acquisitions on favorable terms. We may incur significant expenses, divert employee and management time and attention from other business-related tasks and our organic strategy and incur other unanticipated complications while engaging with potential target companies where no transaction is eventually completed.

If we do complete acquisitions, we may not ultimately strengthen our competitive position or achieve our goals or expected growth, and any acquisitions we complete could be viewed negatively by our customers, or we could experience unexpected competition from market participants. Any integration process may require significant time and resources. We may not be able to manage the process successfully and may experience a decline in our profitability as we incur expenses prior to fully realizing the benefits of the acquisition. We could also expend significant cash and incur acquisition related costs and other unanticipated liabilities associated with the acquisition, the product or the technology, such as contractual obligations, potential security vulnerabilities of the acquired company and its products and services and potential intellectual property infringement. In addition, any acquired technology or product may not comply with legal or regulatory requirements and may expose us to regulatory risk and require us to make additional investments to make them compliant.

We may not successfully evaluate or utilize the acquired technology or personnel or accurately forecast the financial impact of an acquisition transaction, including accounting charges and tax liabilities. We could become subject to legal claims following an acquisition or fail to accurately forecast the potential impact of any claims. Any of these issues could have a material adverse impact on our business and results of operations.

New technology may cause us to become less competitive.

New technology that enhances the functionality, performance reliability and design of downhole drilling tools currently on the market may become prevalent in the OFS industry. We may face difficulty obtaining these new tools for the purpose of renting them to our customers. Although we believe our fleet of rental equipment currently gives us a competitive advantage, if competitors develop fleets that are more technically advanced than ours, we may lose market share or be placed at a competitive disadvantage. Further, we may face competitive pressure to acquire certain new tools at a substantial cost. Some of our competitors have greater financial, technical and personnel resources that may allow them to enjoy various competitive advantages in the acquisition of new tools. We cannot be certain that we will be able to continue to acquire new tools or convert our existing tools to meet new performance requirements. Such an inability may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and cash flows, including a reduction in the value of assets, and the rates that may be charged for their rental.

We rent tools used in the drilling of oil and gas wells. This equipment may subject us to liability, including claims for personal injury, property damage and environmental contamination, or reputational harm if it fails to perform to specifications.

We rent tools used in oil and gas exploration, development and production. Some of these tools are designed to operate in high-temperature and/or high-pressure environments, and some tools are designed for use in hydraulic fracturing operations. Because of applications to which our tools are exposed, particularly those involving high pressure environments, a failure of such tools, or a failure of our customers to maintain or operate the tools properly, could cause damage to the tools, damage to the property of customers and others, personal injury and environmental contamination and could lead to a variety of claims against us or reputational harm that could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and cash flows.

We indemnify our customers against certain claims and liabilities resulting or arising from our provision of goods or services to them. In addition, we rely on customer indemnifications, generally, and third-party insurance as part of our risk mitigation strategy. However, our insurance may not be adequate to cover our liabilities. In addition, our customers may be unable to satisfy indemnification claims against them. Further, insurance companies may refuse to honor their policies, or insurance may not generally be available in the future, or if available, premiums may not be commercially justifiable. We could incur substantial liabilities and damages that are either not covered by insurance or that are in excess of policy limits, or incur liability at a time when we are not able to obtain liability insurance. Such potential liabilities could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and cash flows.

Our operations, and those of our customers, are subject to hazards inherent in the oil and gas industry, which could expose us, and our customers, to substantial liability and cause us to lose substantial revenue.

Risks inherent in our industry include the risks of equipment defects, installation errors, the presence of multiple contractors at the wellsite over which we have no control, vehicle accidents, fires, explosions, blowouts, surface cratering, uncontrollable flows of gas or well fluids, pipe or pipeline failures, abnormally pressured formations and various environmental hazards such as oil spills and releases of, and exposure to, hazardous substances. For example, our operations are subject to risks associated with hydraulic fracturing, including any mishandling, surface spillage or potential underground migration of fracturing fluids, including chemical additives. Both we and our customers are subject to these risks.

The occurrence of these events could result in substantial losses to us or to our customers due to injury or loss of life, severe damage to or destruction of property, natural resources and equipment, pollution or other environmental damage, clean-up responsibilities, regulatory investigations and penalties, suspension of operations and repairs required to resume operations. The cost of managing such risks may be significant. The frequency and severity of such incidents will affect operating costs, insurability and relationships with customers, employees and regulators.

Should these risks materialize for us, our customers may elect not to rent our tools or utilize our services if they view our environmental or safety record as unacceptable, which could cause us to lose customers and substantial revenues. Should these risks materialize for our customers, they may also suffer similar negative consequences with respect to their own customers and clients. If this were to happen, our customers may no longer be in a position to do business with us, thereby adversely affecting our business, results of operations and cash flows.

Our insurance may not be adequate to cover all losses or liabilities we may suffer. Also, insurance may no longer be available to us, or its availability may be at premium levels that do not justify its purchase. The occurrence of a significant uninsured claim, a claim in excess of the insurance coverage limits maintained by us or a claim at a time when we are not able to obtain liability insurance could have a material adverse effect on our ability to conduct normal business operations and on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. In addition, we may not be able to secure additional insurance or bonding that might be required by new governmental regulations. This may cause us to restrict our operations, which might severely impact our business, results of operations and cash flows.

Oilfield anti-indemnity provisions enacted by many states may restrict or prohibit a party’s indemnification of us.

We typically enter into agreements with our customers governing the provision of our services, which usually include certain indemnification provisions for losses resulting from operations. Such agreements may require each party to indemnify the other against certain claims regardless of the negligence or other fault of the indemnified party. However, many states place limitations on contractual indemnity agreements, particularly agreements that indemnify a party against the consequences of its own negligence. Furthermore, certain states, including Louisiana, New Mexico, Texas and Wyoming, have enacted statutes generally referred to as “oilfield anti-indemnity acts” expressly prohibiting certain indemnity agreements contained in or related to OFS agreements. Such oilfield anti-indemnity acts may restrict or void a party’s indemnification of us, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and cash flows.

Political, regulatory, economic and social disruptions in the countries in which we conduct business could adversely affect our business or results of operations.

In addition to our facilities in the United States, we operate stocking points in Scotland and Germany and facilities in Canada and the United Arab Emirates. Instability and unforeseen changes in any of the markets in which we conduct business could have an adverse effect on the demand for, or supply of, the products that we rent and the services that we provide, which in turn could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and cash flows.

Additionally, operating internationally exposes us to a wide range of risks, including political and economic instability, regulatory changes, and market volatility. These risks encompass nationalization or expropriation of assets, restrictive taxation, inflationary pressures, civil unrest, labor disputes, natural disasters, terrorism, cyber threats, and military conflicts. We also face risks related to repatriation of income, shortages of qualified personnel, technological changes, currency fluctuations, and interest rate volatility. Each of these factors could adversely impact our ability to operate efficiently and profitably in certain regions.

A failure of our information technology infrastructure and cyberattacks could adversely impact us.

We depend on our IT systems, in particular COMPASS, for the efficient operation of our business. Accordingly, we rely upon the capacity, reliability and security of our IT hardware and software infrastructure and our ability to expand and update this infrastructure in response to our changing needs. Despite our implementation of security measures, our systems are vulnerable to damage from computer viruses, natural disasters, incursions by intruders or hackers, failures in hardware or software, power fluctuations, cyber terrorists and other similar disruptions. Moreover, we cannot guarantee that COMPASS, or features thereof, are not the protected intellectual property of third parties. If this is the case, these third parties may seek to protect their respective intellectual property rights, thereby hindering, or completely eliminating, our ability to use COMPASS and leverage its benefits.

Additionally, we rely on third parties to support the operation of our IT hardware and software infrastructure, and in certain instances, utilize web-based applications. We also provide proprietary and client data to certain third parties, and such third parties may be the subject of IT failures or cyberattacks. The failure of our IT systems or those of our vendors or third parties to whom we disclose certain information to perform as anticipated for any reason or any significant breach of security could disrupt our business and result in numerous adverse consequences, including reduced effectiveness and efficiency of operations, inappropriate disclosure of confidential and proprietary information, reputational harm, increased overhead costs and loss of important information, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. In addition, we may be required to incur significant costs to protect against damage caused by these disruptions or security breaches in the future.

Our results of operations and financial condition could be negatively impacted by changes in accounting principles.

The accounting for our business is subject to change based on the evolution of our business model, interpretations of relevant accounting principles, enforcement of existing or new regulations, and changes in policies, rules, regulations, and interpretations of accounting and financial reporting requirements of the SEC or other regulatory agencies. Adoption of a change in accounting principles or interpretations could have a significant effect on our reported results of operations and could affect the reporting of transactions completed before the adoption of such change. It is difficult to predict the impact of future changes to accounting principles and accounting policies over financial reporting, any of which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition and could require significant investment in systems and personnel.

Adverse and unusual weather conditions may affect our operations.

Our operations may be materially affected by severe weather conditions in areas where we operate. Severe weather, such as hurricanes, high winds and seas, blizzards and extreme temperatures may cause evacuation of personnel, curtailment of services and suspension of operations, inability to deliver tools to customers in accordance with contract schedules and loss of or damage to our tools and facilities. In addition, variations from normal weather patterns can have a significant impact on demand for oil and natural gas, thereby reducing demand for our tools and services.

Risks Related to Legal and Regulatory Matters

We are exposed to political, regulatory, economic, and other risks that arise from operating a multinational business, and our operations require us to comply with various domestic and international regulations, violations of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

As a global business, our operations are subject to a variety of potential risks. Such risks principally include:

• Uncertainties and instability in global and regional economic and political conditions, including: market disruptions caused by inflation, economic recessions, or significant interest rate fluctuations; political instability, such as the conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East, and geopolitical tensions, including those involving China and the U.S.; and terrorist activities and the international response thereto.
• A complex and evolving legal and regulatory landscape, including: compliance with numerous and often conflicting domestic and international laws and regulations relating to anti-corruption (such as the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act), trade sanctions, import/export controls, customs, and tariffs; changes in tax laws, rates, or interpretations; environmental, workplace, health and safety, and labor and employment laws and regulations; intellectual property laws and protecting our intellectual property; and fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates and currency exchange controls.
• Operational challenges in our international business, such as: difficulties in staffing and managing international operations, including hiring and retaining qualified personnel in countries where language, cultural, or regulatory barriers may exist; labor-related issues, including wage inflation, labor shortages, and labor unrest; the need to modify products to meet local requirements and preferences, which may be more costly or time-consuming than anticipated; and supply chain disruptions, including transportation delays and interruptions.

These laws and regulations are complex, frequently change, and have tended to become more stringent over time. Our failure to comply could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition. For more information on risks related to international tariffs, see the Risk Factor entitled “The imposition of new or increased international tariffs may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations” for additional detail.

The imposition of new or increased international tariffs may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Rising international tariffs, including any tariffs applied to goods traded between the U.S. and China, the U.S. and Mexico and the U.S. and Canada, could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations. The U.S. government has previously and now again recently imposed tariffs on certain foreign goods from a variety of countries and regions that it perceives as engaging in unfair trade practices. Foreign governments have imposed, and may impose in the future, retaliatory tariffs on goods that their countries import from the U.S. Such changes can make it difficult or costly for us to do business in, or import our products from, those countries.

With certain tariff exclusions ending and with any new tariffs, it could further negatively impact global trade and economic conditions in many of the regions where we do business. It may also adversely impact demand for our products in certain locations. It may be time-consuming and costly for us to modify our business operations to adapt to or comply with such tariffs. If we become unable to recover a substantial portion of any increased tariff related costs, the recent or increased international tariffs could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Compliance with environmental laws and regulations may adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Environmental laws and regulations in the United States and foreign countries affect the services we provide and the equipment we rent and service, as well as the facilities we operate. Such laws and regulations also impact the oil and gas industry more broadly, thereby impacting demand for our products and equipment. For example, we may be affected by such laws as the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, the Clean Water Act, the Clean Air Act and the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970. Further, our customers may be subject to a range of laws and regulations governing hydraulic fracturing, drilling and greenhouse gas emissions.

We are required to invest financial and managerial resources to comply with environmental laws and regulations and believe that we will continue to be required to do so in the future. Failure to comply with these laws and regulations may result in the assessment of administrative, civil and criminal penalties, the imposition of remedial and mitigation obligations, and the issuance of orders enjoining operations. These laws and regulations, as well as the finalizing of other new laws and regulations affecting our operations or the exploration and production and transportation of crude oil and natural gas by our customers, could adversely affect our business and operating results by increasing our costs of compliance, increasing the costs of compliance and costs of doing business for our customers, limiting the demand for our products and services, or restricting our operations. Increased regulation or a move away from the use of fossil fuels caused by additional regulation could also reduce demand for our products and services.

Existing or future laws and regulations related to greenhouse gases and climate change and related public and governmental initiatives and additional compliance obligations could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, prospects, and financial condition.

Changes in environmental requirements related to greenhouse gas emissions, climate change, or alternative energy sources may negatively impact demand for our products and services. For example, oil and natural gas E&P may decline as a result of environmental requirements or laws, regulations and policies promoting the use of alternative forms of energy, including land use policies and other actions to restrict oil and gas leasing and permitting in response to environmental and climate change concerns. In recent years, federal policies governing oil and gas leasing and permitting have experienced substantial shifts and have been the subject of ongoing legal challenges, resulting in a heightened degree of regulatory uncertainty for industry participants.

Federal, state and local agencies continue to evaluate climate-related legislation and other regulatory initiatives that would restrict emissions of greenhouse gases in areas in which we conduct business. For example, in 2024 the United States Environmental Protection Agency issued a new rule on methane emissions for certain oil and gas facilities, while the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 established a charge on methane emissions above certain limits from such facilities. The Trump administration has since delayed or challenged the implementation of such rules and regulations covering methane emissions. We further note that some states may increase their regulation of oil and gas activities, greenhouse gases, and/or climate change in response to the federal government’s actions. Because our business depends on the level of activity in the oil and gas industry, existing or future laws and regulations related to greenhouse gases could have a negative impact on our business if such laws or regulations reduce demand for oil and natural gas. Likewise, such laws or regulations may result in additional compliance obligations with respect to the release, capture, sequestration and use of greenhouse gases. These additional obligations could increase our costs and have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, prospects and financial condition.

Many of our customers utilize hydraulic fracturing in their operations. Environmental concerns have been raised regarding the potential impact of hydraulic fracturing on underground water supplies and seismic activity. These concerns have led to several regulatory and governmental initiatives in the United States to restrict the hydraulic fracturing process, which could have an adverse impact on our customers’ production activities. Although we do not conduct hydraulic fracturing, increased regulation and attention given to the hydraulic fracturing process could lead to greater opposition to oil and gas production activities using hydraulic fracturing techniques. The finalization of new laws or regulations at the federal, state, local or foreign level imposing reporting obligations on, or otherwise limiting, delaying or banning, the hydraulic fracturing process or other processes on which hydraulic fracturing and subsequent hydrocarbon production relies, such as water disposal, could make it more difficult to complete oil and natural gas wells. Further, it could increase our customers’ costs of compliance and doing business, and otherwise adversely affect the hydraulic fracturing services they perform, which could negatively impact demand for our products.

Increasing attention by the public and government agencies to climate change and Environmental, Social and Governance (“ESG”) matters could also negatively impact demand for our products and services and the products of our oil and gas producing customers. In recent years, increasing attention has been given to corporate activities related to ESG in public discourse and the investment community. A number of advocacy groups, both domestically and internationally, have campaigned for governmental and private action to promote change at public companies related to ESG matters, including through the investment and voting practices of investment advisers, public pension funds, universities and other members of the investing community. These activities include increasing attention and demands for action related to climate change and energy rebalancing matters, such as promoting the use of substitutes to fossil fuel products and encouraging the divestment of fossil fuel equities, as well as pressuring lenders and other financial services companies to limit or curtail activities with fossil fuel companies. If this were to continue, it could have a material adverse effect on the valuation of the Common Stock and our ability to access equity capital markets.

If we are unable to fully protect our intellectual property rights or trade secrets, we may suffer a loss in revenue or any competitive advantage or market share we hold, or we may incur costs in litigation defending intellectual property rights.

While we have some patents and others pending, we do not have patents relating to many of our key processes and technology. If we are not able to maintain the confidentiality of our trade secrets, or if our competitors are able to replicate our technology or services, our competitive advantage would be diminished. We also cannot provide any assurance that any patents we may obtain in the future would provide us with any significant commercial benefit or would allow us to prevent our competitors from employing comparable technologies or processes. We may initiate litigation from time to time to protect and enforce our intellectual property rights. In any such litigation, a defendant may assert that our intellectual property rights are invalid or unenforceable. Third parties from time to time may also initiate litigation against us by asserting that our businesses infringe, impair, misappropriate, dilute or otherwise violate another party’s intellectual property rights. We may not prevail in any such litigation, and our intellectual property rights may be found invalid or unenforceable or our products and services may be found to infringe, impair, misappropriate, dilute or otherwise violate the intellectual property rights of others. The results or costs of any such litigation may have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Any litigation concerning intellectual property could be protracted and costly, is inherently unpredictable and could have an adverse effect on our business, regardless of its outcome.

Moreover, third parties on whom we rely for certain tools may be subject to litigation to defend their intellectual property rights. If such litigation ends adversely for the third party with whom we deal, our ability to obtain such tools could be significantly limited or restricted. This could have a material adverse effect on our business.

A certain subsidiary, Extreme Technologies, LLC (“Extreme”), we acquired in the SDPI acquisition is the plaintiff in a claim brought against Stabil Drill Specialties, LLC (“Stabil Drill”) in 2019 for allegedly infringing three patents that cover the design of a reaming tool used in oil and gas operations. On Sept. 23, 2024, the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas granted Stabil Drill’s motion for summary judgment of non-infringement. On October 22, 2024, Extreme appealed the ruling to the Federal Circuit. The results or costs of further litigation on appeal, if granted, may have an adverse effect on our business.

As a result of plans to expand our business operations, including to jurisdictions in which tax laws may not be favorable, our obligations may change or fluctuate, become significantly more complex or become subject to greater risk of examination by taxing authorities, any of which could adversely affect our after-tax profitability and financial results.

Our effective tax rates may fluctuate widely in the future, particularly if our business expands domestically or internationally. Future effective tax rates could be affected by operating losses in jurisdictions where no tax benefit can be recorded under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities, or changes in tax laws. Factors that could materially affect our future effective tax rates include, but are not limited to: (a) changes in tax laws or the regulatory environment, (b) changes in accounting and tax standards or practices, (c) changes in the composition of operating income by tax jurisdiction and (d) pre-tax operating results of our business.

Additionally, we are subject to significant income, withholding, and other tax obligations in the United States and may become subject to taxation in numerous additional U.S. state and local and non-U.S. jurisdictions with respect to income, operations and subsidiaries related to those jurisdictions. Our after-tax profitability, financial results, and effective tax rates could be subject to volatility or be affected by numerous factors, including: (a) changes in relevant tax laws, rates, treaties, regulations, accounting and tax standards, or judicial interpretations, possibly with retroactive effect; (b) changes in the composition of operating income by tax jurisdiction; (c) operating losses in jurisdictions where no tax benefit can be recorded; (d) the availability of tax deductions, credits, and other benefits to reduce tax liabilities; (e) changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities, if any; (f) the tax treatment of stock-based compensation; and (g) changes to our intercompany structure and business operations.

Furthermore, we are subject to audits and examinations by taxing authorities who may disagree with our tax positions, including intercompany charges and transfer pricing. The final determination of our tax liabilities involves significant estimates and interpretation of local tax laws, and the resolution of any tax disputes is uncertain. An adverse outcome from an audit, examination, or dispute could result in the assessment of additional taxes and negatively impact our after-tax profitability, financial condition, and operating results.

Risks Related to Ownership of the Common Stock

If we fail to maintain an effective system of disclosure controls and internal control over financial reporting, our ability to produce timely and accurate financial statements or comply with applicable regulations could be impaired, which may adversely affect investor confidence in us and, as a result, the market price of the Common Stock.

As a public company, we are required to comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which requires, among other things, that we maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting. We continue to refine our disclosure controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in filings with the SEC is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules, and that information required to be disclosed in reports under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and financial officers.

We will continue to refine our internal control over financial reporting. We will be required to make a formal assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting and once we cease to be an emerging growth company, we will be required to include an attestation report on internal control over financial reporting issued by our independent registered public accounting firm. To achieve compliance with these requirements within the prescribed time period, we have been engaging, and will continue to engage, in a process to document and evaluate our internal control over financial reporting. This process is both costly and challenging, and requires us to dedicate significant internal resources. We may also engage outside consultants and hire new employees with the requisite skillset and experience. We have developed a plan to assess and document the adequacy of our internal control over financial reporting, validated through testing that controls are functioning as documented. There is a risk that we will not be able to conclude, within the prescribed time period or at all, that our internal control over financial reporting is effective as required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Moreover, our testing, or the subsequent testing by our independent registered public accounting firm, may reveal additional deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting that are deemed to be material weaknesses.

Any failure to implement and maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting, including the identification of one or more material weaknesses, could cause investors to lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial statements and reports, which would likely adversely affect the market price of the Common Stock. In addition, we could be subject to sanctions or investigations by Nasdaq, the SEC and other regulatory authorities.

The market price of the Common Stock may be volatile, which could cause the value of your investment to decline.

The market price of the Common Stock has been and may continue to be volatile and subject to wide fluctuations depending on a number of factors, including those described in this “Risk Factors” section, many of which are beyond our control and may not be related to our operating performance. These fluctuations could cause you to lose all or part of your investment in the Common Stock. Factors affecting the trading price of the Common Stock may include:

• market conditions in our industry or the broader stock market;
• actual or anticipated fluctuations in our financial and operating results;
• actual or anticipated developments in our business or our competitors’ businesses or the competitive landscape generally;
• the financial projections we may provide to the public, any changes in those projections, or our failure to meet those projections;
• changes in financial estimates prepared by and recommendations provided by securities analysts concerning us or the market in general;
• the perceived success of the acquisitions;
• the public’s reaction to our press releases, our other public announcements and our filings with the SEC;
• announced or completed acquisitions of businesses, commercial relationships, products, services or technologies by us or our competitors;
• changes in laws and regulations affecting our business;
• changes in accounting standards, policies, guidelines, interpretations or principles;
• commencement of, or involvement in, litigation involving us;
• changes in our capital structure, such as future issuances of securities or the incurrence of additional debt;
• sales, or anticipated sales, of large blocks of the Common Stock;
• any major change in the composition of the board of directors of DTIC ("the Board") or our management;
• general economic and political conditions such as recessions, interest rates, fuel prices, trade wars, pandemics, currency fluctuations and acts of war or terrorism; and
• other risk factors listed under this “Risk Factors” section.

Broad market and industry factors may materially harm the market price of the Common Stock, regardless of our actual operating performance. The stock markets have, from time to time, experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that have affected and continue to affect the market prices of equity securities of many companies. Stock prices of many companies have fluctuated in a manner often unrelated to the operating performance of those companies. Shareholder activism, which could take many forms or arise in a variety of situations, has been increasing recently. Volatility in the market price of the Common Stock or other reasons may in the future cause us to become the target of securities litigation or shareholder activism. Shareholder activism or securities litigation could give rise to perceived uncertainties regarding the future of our business and it could subject us to substantial costs, divert resources and the attention of management from our business and adversely affect relationships with suppliers and other parties.

Further, although the Common Stock is currently listed on Nasdaq, an active trading market for the Common Stock may not be sustained. Accordingly, if an active trading market for these securities is not maintained, the liquidity of the Common Stock, your ability to sell your shares of the Common Stock when desired and the prices that you may obtain for your shares will be adversely affected.

We may require additional capital to support our operations or the growth of our business, and we cannot be certain that this capital will be available on reasonable terms when required, or at all.

We expect our expenditures to continue to be significant in the foreseeable future as we expand our business, and that our level of expenditures will be significantly affected by the performance of the oil and gas industry. Our future capital requirements may be uncertain and actual capital requirements may be different from those currently anticipated, as we look to expand the size of our business, both in terms of fleet size and geographic scope. We may need to seek equity or debt financing to finance a portion of our capital expenditures. Such financing might not be available to us in a timely manner or on terms that are acceptable, or at all.

Our ability to obtain the necessary financing to carry out our business plan is subject to a number of factors, including general market conditions and investor acceptance of our business model. These factors may make the timing, amount, terms and conditions of such financing unattractive or unavailable to us. If we are unable to raise sufficient funds, we may have to significantly reduce our spending, delay or cancel our planned activities or substantially change our corporate structure. We might not be able to obtain any funding, and we might not have sufficient resources to conduct our business as planned, both of which could mean that we would be forced to curtail or discontinue our operations.

As a public company, we will incur significant increased expenses and administrative burdens which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.

As a publicly-traded company, we will continue to incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses. In addition, new and changing laws, regulations and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure for public companies, including the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”), regulations related thereto and the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and the Nasdaq Stock Market, have increased the costs and the time that must be devoted to compliance matters. We expect these rules and regulations will continue to increase our legal and financial costs and lead to a diversion of management time and attention from revenue-generating activities.

We are subject to reporting and other obligations under applicable securities laws, SEC rules and the rules of the Nasdaq Stock Market. These reporting and other obligations place significant demands on our management, administrative, operational and accounting resources. Moreover, any failure to maintain effective internal controls could cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations or result in material misstatements in our consolidated financial statements. If we cannot provide reliable financial reports or prevent fraud, our reputation and operating results could be materially harmed, which could also cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, which could result in a lower trading price of our common shares.

Our Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of DTIC ("Certificate of Incorporation") designates specific courts as the exclusive forum for substantially all stockholder litigation matters, which could limit the ability of our Stockholders to obtain a favorable forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers or employees.

Our Certificate of Incorporation requires, to the fullest extent permitted by law, that derivative actions brought in our name, actions against current or former directors, officers or other employees for breach of fiduciary duty, any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware ("DGCL"), our Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws, any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine of the State of Delaware or any other action asserting an “internal corporate claim” (as defined in Section 115 of the DGCL), confer jurisdiction to the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (or, if the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware does not have jurisdiction, the federal district court for the District of Delaware or other state courts of the State of Delaware), unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum. This provision would not apply to suits brought to enforce a duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or any other claim for which the federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction. Our Certificate of Incorporation also provides that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the federal district courts of the United States shall be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act. This provision may limit a Stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us and our directors, officers or other employees and may have the effect of discouraging lawsuits against our directors, officers and other employees. Furthermore, Stockholders may be subject to increased costs to bring these claims, and the exclusive forum provision could have the effect of discouraging claims or limiting investors’ ability to bring claims in a judicial forum that they find favorable.

In addition, the enforceability of similar exclusive forum provisions in other companies’ certificates of incorporation has been challenged in legal proceedings, and it is possible that, in connection with one or more actions or proceedings described above, a court could rule that this provision in our Certificate of Incorporation is inapplicable or unenforceable. In March 2020, the Delaware Supreme Court issued a decision in Salzberg, et al. v. Sciabacucchi which found that an exclusive forum provision providing for claims under the Securities Act to be brought in federal court is facially valid under Delaware law. We intend to enforce this provision, but we do not know whether courts in other jurisdictions will agree with this decision or enforce it. If a court were to find the exclusive forum provision contained in our Certificate of Incorporation to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, which could harm our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.

Shareholder litigation and regulatory inquiries and investigations are expensive and could harm our business, financial condition and operating results and could divert management attention.

In the past, securities class action litigation and/or shareholder derivative litigation and inquiries or investigations by regulatory authorities have often followed certain significant business transactions, such as the sale of a company or announcement of any other strategic transaction, such as the Merger. Any shareholder litigation and/or regulatory investigations against us, whether or not resolved in our favor, could result in substantial costs and divert our management’s attention from other business concerns, which could adversely affect our business and cash resources and the ultimate value of our securities.

While we have not received demand letters, we may in the future receive demand letters or complaints, from purported holders of the Common Stock regarding certain actions taken in connection with the Merger, the adequacy of the registration statement filed therewith or this Annual Report on Form 10-K. These demand letters or complaints may lead to litigation against our directors and officers in connection with the Merger. Defending against any lawsuits could require us to incur significant costs and draw the attention of our management away from the day-to-day operations of our business.

Past performance by our management team may not be indicative of future performance of an investment in us.

Information regarding performance by, or businesses associated with, our management team, directors, advisors and their respective affiliates is presented for informational purposes only. Past performance by our management team, directors, advisors and such affiliates is not a guarantee of the future success of our business and operations. You should not rely on the historical performance of our management team, directors and advisors or that of their respective affiliates as indicative of our future performance, of an investment in us, or the returns the Common Stock will, or is likely to, generate going forward.

Sales of substantial amounts of Common Stock in the public markets, or the perception that such sales could occur, could reduce the price that the Common Stock might otherwise attain.

Sales of a substantial number of shares of the Common Stock in the public market, or the perception that such sales could occur, could adversely affect the market price of the Common Stock and may make it more difficult for investors to sell their shares of the Common Stock at a time and price that investors deem appropriate.

We may issue additional shares of Common Stock or other equity securities without your approval, which would dilute your ownership interests and may depress the market price of your shares.

We may issue additional shares of Common Stock or other equity securities of equal or senior rank in the future in connection with, among other things, future acquisitions or repayment of outstanding indebtedness, without Stockholder approval, in a number of circumstances. The issuance of additional shares or other equity securities of equal or senior rank could have the following effects:

• existing Stockholders’ proportionate ownership interest will decrease;
• the amount of cash available per share, including for payment of dividends in the future, may decrease;
• the relative voting strength of each previously outstanding share of Common Stock may be diminished; and
• the market price of the Common Stock may decline.

We have access to a significant amount of cash and our management has broad discretion over the use of that cash. Our management may use the cash in ways that our Stockholders may not approve.

We have broad discretion over the use of our cash and cash equivalents. You may not agree with our use of such cash and cash equivalents. Our failure to apply these resources effectively could compromise our ability to pursue our growth strategy and we might not be able to yield a significant return, if any, on our investment of these assets. You will not have the opportunity to influence directly our decisions on how to use our cash resources.

Because there are no current plans to pay cash dividends on the Common Stock for the foreseeable future, you may not receive any return on investment unless you sell the Common Stock at a price greater than what you paid for it.

We may retain future earnings, if any, for future operations, expansion, and debt repayment and there are no current plans to pay any cash dividends for the foreseeable future. Any decision to declare and pay dividends in the future will be made by the Board and will depend on, among other things, our results of operations, financial condition, cash requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors that the Board may deem relevant. In addition, our ability to pay dividends may be limited by covenants of any existing and future outstanding indebtedness DTIC or its subsidiaries incur. As a result, you may not receive any return on an investment in Common Stock unless you sell your shares of Common Stock for a price greater than that which you paid for it.

Nasdaq Capital Market ("Nasdaq") may delist the Common Stock from trading, which could limit investors’ ability to execute transactions in the Common Stock and subject us to additional trading restrictions.

We cannot assure you that the Common Stock will continue to be listed on Nasdaq. If Nasdaq delists the Common Stock from trading and we are unable to list the Common Stock on another national securities exchange, we expect the Common Stock could be quoted on an over-the-counter market. If this were to occur, we could face significant material adverse consequences, including:

• a limited availability of market quotations for the Common Stock;
• reduced liquidity for the Common Stock;
• a determination that the Common Stock is a “penny stock” which will require brokers trading in the Common Stock to adhere to more stringent rules and possibly result in a reduced level of trading activity in the secondary trading market for the Common Stock;
• a limited amount of news and analyst coverage; and
• a decreased ability to issue additional securities or obtain additional financing in the future.

The National Securities Markets Improvement Act of 1996, which is a federal statute, prevents or preempts the states from regulating the sale of certain securities, which are referred to as “covered securities.” Because the Common Stock is listed on Nasdaq, the Common Stock qualifies as a covered security. Although the states are preempted from regulating the sale of the Common Stock, the federal statute does allow the states to investigate companies if there is a suspicion of fraud, and, if there is a finding of fraudulent activity, then the states can regulate or bar the sale of covered securities in a particular case. Further, if we were no longer listed on Nasdaq, shares of Common Stock would not be covered securities and we would be subject to regulation in each state in which we offer the Common Stock.

If securities or industry analysts do not publish or cease publishing research or reports about us, our business or our market, or if they change their recommendations regarding the Common Stock adversely, the price and trading volume of the Common Stock could decline.

The trading market for the Common Stock will be influenced by the research and reports that industry or securities analysts may publish about us, our business, our market or our competitors. If any of the analysts who cover us change their recommendation regarding our stock adversely, or provide more favorable relative recommendations about our competitors, the price of the Common Stock would likely decline. If an analyst that covers us ceases its coverage or fails to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline.

Risk Identification and Management

The Company has a cybersecurity Risk Management Policy in place that governs the life cycle in which cybersecurity risks, including:

• Risk Identification: through various initiatives performed, including, annual assessments, penetration tests, Incident Response tabletop exercises, vulnerability scans, system monitoring activities, and cybersecurity reviews of critical third-party vendor engagements, etc.
• Risk Evaluation & Treatment: Identified issues, vulnerabilities, and exposures are captured within the Company’s Risk Register, which is updated periodically to reflect the most up to date treatment option selected by the Risk Owners.
• Risk Reporting and Ongoing Management: Potentially material risks are shared as part of a monthly Cybersecurity Governance Forum, that’s attended by leadership. Risk Mitigations are tracked to completion through various project updates.

The foundation of the Company’s cybersecurity framework is based on written policies that govern different process areas. Risks are identified through various processes that employees perform through their daily operations and are mitigated, managed and/or governed through these established processes.

The Company is not aware of any cybersecurity risks that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect the Company’s business strategy, results of operations or financial condition. However, the Company cannot provide assurance that the Company will not be materially affected in the future by such risks or any future material incidents.

Leveraging the Company’s Cybersecurity Risk Management & Governance process, it has identified cybersecurity risk factors that are inherent to the Company’s business and industry. The risk factors discussed in this section should be considered together with information included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and should not be considered the only risks to which the Company is exposed. Additionally, mitigation of these risk factors is tracked by management as part of the Cybersecurity Maturity Roadmap.

• Disruptions in the Company’s supply chain could result in an adverse impact on results of operations.
• Network compromise or equipment sabotage could impact the operations of the manufacturing or distribution sites which could impact the revenue.
• Cybersecurity incidents, including breaches of confidential information, sensitive data, personal information, or intellectual property could damage the Company’s reputation, disrupt operations, increase costs, and impact revenues.
• Nation state attacks due to current geopolitical and economic climate could impact oil and gas industry.

Engagement of Third Parties

The Company uses an IT Managed Service Provider in conjunction with a Cybersecurity Advisory firm to perform various functions, guiding the Company’s cybersecurity posture, and providing ongoing support to the Company’s cybersecurity program.

The Company has Incident Response retainer services that can be leveraged, when needed.

The Company uses a cybersecurity advisory firm to conduct annual risk assessments and penetration tests.

Use Of Service Providers

As part of its cybersecurity risk-management program, the Company has processes designed to identify and oversee cybersecurity risks related to third-party service providers, including risk-based diligence prior to engagement, the use of contractual information-security protections where appropriate, and ongoing monitoring of material vendor relationships.

Board Oversight of Cybersecurity Matters

The cybersecurity dashboard with roadmap progress is shared with the board of directors regularly, which includes actions completed and any topics that need board awareness / sponsorship such as approval of budgets which include cyber security project initiatives.

An in-depth update regarding cyber security is discussed during quarterly meetings with the Audit Committee. The Audit Committee is ultimately responsible for overseeing management’s execution of the Company’s cybersecurity risk management program.

The Chief Financial Officer (CFO) and designees are responsible for reviewing and approving the Cybersecurity Risk Management processes, or exceptions to such processes.

External Counsel is consulted on legal matters related to Cybersecurity Risk or Incident Management as deemed necessary by leadership.

Additionally, the Cybersecurity Risk Committee holds periodic Cybersecurity Governance Forums, in which detailed cybersecurity program updates and metrics are reported.

The Company’s Chief Financial Officer and VP of Finance are responsible for the oversight and communication of cybersecurity threats and risks to the Company’s Board of Directors. They meet regularly with the Board of Directors where a Cybersecurity roadmap progress is shared with the board. The management team members responsible for overseeing cybersecurity risk have relevant experience in information technology, data security, and enterprise risk management gained through their professional roles, including overseeing third-party service providers and implementing policies and controls designed to manage technology-related risks.

As of December 31, 2025, our two reporting segments operated out of 15 facilities in 13 locations, 12 of which are located in the United States and one of which is located in Canada. Internationally, we operated out of 5 facilities in 4 locations. Our properties are comprised of service centers and manufacturing facilities, 100% of which are leased. Please see the table below for additional information on our properties:

Due to the nature of our business, we are, from time to time, involved in routine litigation or subject to disputes or claims related to our business activities, including workers’ compensation claims and employment related disputes. Although no assurance can be given with respect to the outcome of these or any other pending legal and administrative proceedings and the effect such outcomes may have, in the opinion of our management, there is no pending litigation, dispute or claim against us that, if decided adversely, will have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows. See Note 14, Commitments and Contingencies.

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the accompanying consolidated financial statements and related notes. The following discussion contains “forward-looking statements” that reflect our plans, estimates, beliefs and expected performance. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated as discussed in these forward-looking statements as a result of a variety of risks and uncertainties, including those described in “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and “Item 1A. Risk Factors” included elsewhere in this Annual Report, all of which are difficult to predict. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the forward-looking events discussed may not occur. We assume no obligation to update any of these forward-looking statements except as otherwise required by law.

Overview

We are a global oilfield services company that designs, engineers, manufactures and provides a differentiated, rental-focused offering of tools for use in onshore and offshore horizontal and directional drilling operations, as well as other cutting-edge solutions across the well life cycle. We operate from 15 locations in North America and 11 international service and support centers in Europe, the Middle East, and Asia-Pacific.

Our revenues are derived from two sources: tool rental and product sales. Tool rental revenues are derived from the rental of tools used in bottom hole assemblies (“BHA”), various wellbore optimization tools, and tubular goods for drilling, workover, and completion operations. Additionally, tool rental revenue consists of the repair and inspection of such tools. Product sale revenues are derived from the sale of target depth technologies, the manufacturing and repair of tools for external customers, and tool recovery revenue. During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, we derived 81% and 76% of total revenues from tool rentals and 19% and 24% from product sales, respectively.

We operate out of 2 reporting segments, split by geography, consisting of the Western Hemisphere operations and the Eastern Hemisphere operations.

Market Factors

See "Item 1. Business" for information on our products and business. Demand for our services and products depends primarily upon the general level of activity in the oil and gas industry, including the number of active drilling rigs, the number of wells drilled, the depth and working pressure of these wells, the number of well completions, the level of well remediation activity, the volume of production and the corresponding capital spending by oil and natural gas companies. Oil and gas activity is in turn heavily influenced by, among other factors, investor sentiment, availability of capital and oil and gas prices locally and worldwide, which have historically been volatile.

Our tool rental revenues are primarily dependent on drilling activity and our ability to gain or maintain market share with a sustainable pricing model.

Our product sales revenues are primarily dependent on oil and gas companies paying for tools that are lost or damaged in their drilling programs as well as the customers need to replace aging or consumable products and our ability to provide competitive pricing.

All of these factors may be influenced by the oil and gas region in which our customers are operating. While these factors may lead to differing revenues, we have generally been able to forecast our product needs and anticipated revenue levels based on historic trends in a given region and with a specific customer.

Recent Developments and Trends

Oil and Natural Gas Prices

The following table summarized average oil and natural gas prices in North America over the indicated periods as well as International and Domestic industry activity levels as reflected by the average number of active onshore drilling rigs during the same periods.

(1) U.S. Energy Information Administration (“EIA”) Cushing, OK WTI (“West Texas Intermediate”) monthly average spot price per barrel of crude oil.

(2) EIA Henry Hub Natural Gas monthly average spot price per million British Thermal Unit (“MMBtu”).

(3) Baker Hughes, includes land and offshore activity and does not include miscellaneous rigs

In the year ended December 31, 2025, the oil and gas market witnessed a dynamic interplay of geopolitical tensions, shifting demand dynamics, and evolving economic factors. U.S. oil production reached record highs, averaging 13.5 million barrels per day, driven by the Permian Basin and offshore developments. However, this surge in supply coincided with an increasing surplus in global oil supply over demand, leading to downward pressure on prices. Crude oil prices experienced declines, specifically WTI, whose monthly average decreased by 14% in 2025 compared to 2024. Despite the high volatility in spot oil prices described above, our customers tend to be more focused on medium-term and long term commodity prices when making investment decisions due to the longer lead times for offshore projects.

In the year ended December 31, 2025, U.S. natural gas prices experienced a notable rebound following the record lows of 2024. The monthly average Henry Hub spot price increased by 61% in 2025 compared to 2024. An increase in demand is expected to outpace any expected growth in U.S. production, leading to a tightening of inventories and supporting higher prices throughout 2025.

Notwithstanding the significant commodity price volatility over the past several years, we have seen decreases in both the Western and Eastern Hemisphere. During the year ended December 31, 2025, the weekly average Western Hemisphere rig count, as reported by Baker Hughes decreased by 8% as compared to the weekly average during the year ended December 31, 2024. Additionally, during the year ended December 31, 2025, the weekly average Eastern Hemisphere rig count, as reported by Baker Hughes decreased by 7% as compared to the weekly average during the year ended December 31, 2024. However, notwithstanding the impact of longer laterals, improved rig efficiencies have partially offset the impact of this reduction.

Inflation and Increased Costs

We are experiencing the impacts of global inflation, both in increased personnel costs and the prices of goods and services required to operate rigs and execute capital projects. While we are currently unable to estimate the ultimate impact of rising prices, we do expect that our costs will continue to rise in the near term and will impact our profitability.

Consolidated Results of Operations

The following discussions relating to significant line items from our consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) are based on available information and represent our analysis of significant changes or events that impact the comparability of reported amounts.

We have two operating segments consisting of the Western Hemisphere segment and the Eastern Hemisphere segment. Our results of operations are evaluated by the Chief Executive Officer on a consolidated basis as well as at the segment level. The performance of our operating segments is primarily evaluated based on segment EBITDA (in addition to other measures), which is defined as income before taxes and before interest income (expense), net, other income (expense), net and corporate and other expenses not allocated to the operating segments.

Year Ended December 31, 2025 compared to Year Ended December 31, 2024

(1) Corporate and other includes stock compensation expense, monitoring expenses, and unallocated corporate expenses

(2) nm = not meaningful

Western Hemisphere

Western Hemisphere revenue was $148.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, a decrease of $3.8 million, or 3%, compared to the year ended December 31, 2024. The decrease in revenues was driven by a decrease in tool rental revenue as a result of lower customer activity levels during 2025. Western Hemisphere segment income was $49.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, a decrease of $2.0 million, or 4%, compared to the year ended December 31, 2024. The decrease was in line with the decrease in revenue and driven by lower customer activity levels in 2025.

Eastern Hemisphere

Eastern Hemisphere revenue was $23.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, an increase of $10.3 million, or 78% compared to the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase in revenues was driven by the recent acquisitions of tool rental businesses located within the Eastern Hemisphere. Eastern Hemisphere segment income was $0.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, a decrease of $0.8 million, or 59%, compared to the year ended December 31, 2024. The decrease was driven by increased headcount as a result of the acquisitions and an activity decline seen in the Middle Eastern market.

Corporate and other expenses

Corporate and other expenses was $13.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, a decrease of $1.5 million, or 15%, compared to the year ended December 31, 2024. The decrease was primarily driven by the reallocation of certain corporate expenses as a result of the recent segment reorganization in January of 2025.

Depreciation and amortization

Depreciation and amortization was $27.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, an increase of $3.5 million, or 10%, compared to the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase was primarily driven by the addition of Titan Tools property, plant and equipment and intangible assets following the close of the acquisition in January 2025.

Interest expense, net

Interest expense, net was $5.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, an increase of $1.6 million, or 50%, compared to the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase was primarily driven by a full year of interest on the credit facility compared to a partial year in 2024.

Other operating and non-operating costs, net

Other operating and non-operating costs, net was $4.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, a decrease of $2.9 million, or 38%, compared to the year ended December 31, 2024. The decrease was driven by a reduction in transaction costs related to the acquisitions occurring in 2024. This decrease was offset by restructuring costs related to the segment reorganization as well as software implementation fees.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

To supplement our consolidated financial statements, which are prepared and presented in accordance with GAAP, we use certain non-GAAP financial measures, as described below, to understand and evaluate our core operating performance. These non-GAAP financial measures, which may be different than similarly titled measures used by other companies, are presented to enhance investors’ overall understanding of our financial performance and should not be considered a substitute for, or superior to, the financial information prepared and presented in accordance with GAAP.

We use the non-GAAP financial measure Adjusted EBITDA, which is defined as net income (loss); excluding interest income; interest expense; other operating and non-operating expense, net, net; income tax benefit (expense); depreciation and amortization; and certain other non-cash or non-recurring items impacting net income (loss) from time to time. We believe that Adjusted EBITDA helps identify underlying trends in our business that could otherwise be masked by the effect of the expenses that we exclude in Adjusted EBITDA.

These non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered in isolation from, or as substitutes for, financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP. There are a number of limitations related to the use of these non-GAAP financial measures compared to the closest comparable GAAP measure. Some of these limitations are that:

• Adjusted EBITDA excludes certain recurring, non-cash charges such as depreciation of fixed assets and amortization of acquired intangible assets and, although these are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized may have to be replaced in the future;
• Adjusted EBITDA excludes income tax benefit (expense).

The following tables present a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 (non-recurring transaction expenses recorded to other (income) expense are presented separately within Adjusted EBITDA):

(In thousands)

Liquidity and Capital Resources

On December 31, 2025 and 2024, we had $3.6 million and $6.2 million of cash and cash equivalents, respectively. Our primary sources of liquidity and capital resources are cash on hand, cash flows generated by operating activities and, if necessary, borrowings under the Credit Facility Agreement. We may use additional cash generated to execute strategic acquisitions or for general corporate purposes. We believe that our existing cash on hand, cash generated from operations and available borrowings under the Credit Facility Agreement will be sufficient for at least the next twelve months to meet working capital requirements and anticipated capital expenditures.

Credit Facility Agreement

Reference is made to the disclosure set forth under the heading “Revolving Credit Facility” in Note 19, Long-Term Debt, of the notes to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Report.

Capital Expenditures

Our capital expenditures relate to capital additions or improvements that add to our rental or repair capacity or extend the useful life of our drilling tools and related infrastructure. Also, our capital expenditures relate to the replacement of tools that are lost or damaged by a customer, and such expenditures are funded by a rental tool recovery sale amount paid by the customer. We regularly incur capital expenditures on an on-going basis to (i) increase the size of or maintain our rental tool fleet and equipment, (ii) extend the useful life of our rental tools and equipment and (iii) acquire or upgrade computer hardware and software. The amount of our capital expenditures is influenced by, among other things, demand for our services, recovery of lost or damaged tools, schedules for refurbishing our various rental tools and equipment, cash flow generated by our operations, expected rates of return and cash required for other purposes.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

Our material contractual obligations arise from leases of facilities and vehicles under non-cancellable operating leases agreements. See Note 14, Commitments and contingencies, of the notes to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Report.

Tax Obligations

We currently have available federal net operating loss carryforwards to offset our federal taxable income, and we expect that these carryforwards will substantially reduce our cash tax payments over the next several years. If we forfeit these carryforwards for any reason or deplete them faster than anticipated, our cash tax obligations could increase substantially. For additional information, see Note 10, Income Taxes, of the notes to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Report.

Cash Flows

The following table sets forth our cash flows for the period indicated:

(In thousands)

Cash Flows (Used In) Provided by Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2025 was $19.9 million, the drivers being a net loss of $3.7 million, including a decrease in net working capital of $3.9 million, offset by non-cash add backs of $27.5 million. We will continue to evaluate our capital requirements for both short-term and long-term liquidity needs, which could be affected by various risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, the effects of the current inflationary environment, rising interest rates, and other risks detailed in the section of this Report entitled “Risk Factors.”

Net cash provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $6.1 million, the drivers being net income of $3.0 million, including add backs of non-cash charges totaling $20.6 million, offset by a decrease in net working capital of $17.6 million.

Cash Flows (Used In) Provided by Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2025 was $13.3 million, resulting from purchases of property, plant, and equipment of $20.1 million, purchases of intangible assets of $1.7 million, and the acquisition of Titan for $5.6 million, partially offset by proceeds from rental tool recovery sales of $14.2 million.

Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $53.6 million, resulting from purchases of property, plant, and equipment of $22.9 million and multiple business acquisitions totaling $47.3 million. These outflows were partially offset by proceeds from rental tool recovery sales of $15.3 million and proceeds from the sale of equity securities of $1.2 million.

Cash Flows (Used In) Provided by Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2025 was $9.3 million, resulting from net debt repayments of $8.0 million and purchases of treasury stock of $1.3 million.

Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $47.9 million, resulting from net debt borrowings of $48.6 million offset by the payment of debt issuance costs of $0.7 million.

Critical Accounting Estimates and Assumptions

We believe that of our significant accounting policies, which are described in Note 1, Summary of significant accounting policies, of our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the following accounting policies involve a greater degree of judgment and complexity. Accordingly, we believe these are the most critical to fully understand and evaluate our financial condition and results of operations

Long-Lived Asset Impairment

We evaluate the recoverability of identifiable intangible assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that an intangible asset’s carrying amount may not be recoverable. Such circumstances could include, but are not limited to, (1) a significant decrease in the market value of an asset, (2) a significant adverse change in the extent to or manner in which an asset is used, or (3) an accumulation of costs significantly in excess of the amount originally expected for the acquisition of an asset. We measure the carrying amount of the asset against the estimated undiscounted future cash flows associated with it. Should the sum of the expected future net cash flows be less than the carrying value of the asset being evaluated, an impairment loss would be recognized. The impairment loss would be calculated as the amount by which the carrying value of the asset exceeds its fair value. The fair value is measured based on quoted market prices, if available. If quoted market prices are not available, the estimate of fair value is based on various valuation techniques, including the discounted value of estimated future cash flows. The evaluation of asset impairment requires us to make assumptions about future cash flows over the life of the asset being evaluated. These assumptions require significant judgment and actual results may differ from assumed and estimated amounts. See Note 7, Goodwill for discussion around the Company's resegmentation and resulting goodwill impairment that occurred during the year ended December 31, 2025.

For property, plant and equipment, events or circumstances indicating possible impairment may include a significant decrease in market value or a significant change in the business climate. An impairment loss is recognized when the carrying amount of an asset exceeds the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. The amount of the impairment loss is the excess of the asset’s carrying amount over its fair value. For the year ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, management determined that there was no impairment with regard to our property, plant, and equipment.

Goodwill

We use the acquisition method to account for business combinations and, to the extent that the purchase price exceeds the fair value of the net assets acquired, we record goodwill. In accordance with U.S. GAAP, we are required to evaluate our goodwill at least annually. We perform our annual goodwill assessment as of October 31, or more frequently if indicators of impairment exist. Qualitative factors that indicate impairment could include, but are not limited to, (i) macroeconomic conditions, (ii) industry and market considerations, (iii) cost factors, (iv) overall financial performance of the reporting unit, and (v) other relevant entity-specific events. The first step in our annual goodwill assessment is to perform the optional qualitative assessment allowed by ASC Topic 350 “Intangibles - Goodwill and Other” (ASC 350). In our qualitative assessment, we evaluate relevant events or circumstances to determine whether it is more likely than not (i.e., greater than 50%) that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If we determine that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, ASC 350 requires us to compare the fair value of such reporting unit to its carrying value including goodwill. To determine the fair value of our reporting units, we use multiple valuation techniques including a discounted cash flow analysis, using the applicable weighted average cost of capital, in combination with a market approach that uses market multiples and a selection of guideline public companies. This test requires us to make assumptions about the future growth of our business and the market in general, as well as other variables such as the level of investment in capital expenditure, growth in working capital requirements and the terminal or residual value of our reporting units beyond the periods of estimated annual cash flows. We may use a third-party valuation firm to assist us with this analysis. If the fair value of each reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, no action is required. Otherwise, an impairment loss is recorded to the extent that the carrying amount of the reporting unit including goodwill exceeds the fair value of that reporting unit. We believe the estimates and assumptions used in our impairment assessment are reasonable based on available market information, but variations in any of the assumptions could result in materially different calculations of fair value and determinations of whether or not an impairment is indicated during current or future periods.

Business Combinations

We account for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations. On the acquisition date for a business combination, we allocate the total purchase consideration for the acquisition to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their respective estimated fair values on the acquisition date. Additionally, we identify and attribute fair values and estimated lives to acquired intangible assets. We identify an acquired intangible asset apart from goodwill whenever the intangible asset arises from contractual or other legal rights, or when it can be separately sold, transferred, licensed, rented, or exchanged. We recognize goodwill, if any, in the amount by which the aggregate fair value of the total purchase consideration exceeds the aggregate fair value of the net assets (including intangible assets) acquired.

In determining the fair values of assets acquired (including intangible assets) and liabilities assumed, we utilize a variety of methods. Each asset acquired and liability assumed is measured at fair value from the perspective of a market participant. The methods used to estimate the fair values of intangible assets incorporate significant estimates and assumptions regarding the estimates a market participant would make in order to evaluate an asset, including, but not limited to, a market participant’s use of the asset as well as forecasts for cash flows, revenue growth, asset lives, customer attrition rates, royalty rates, income tax rates, and discount rates.

We believe that the estimated fair values assigned to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed are based on reasonable assumptions that a market participant would use. While we use our best estimates and assumptions to value assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date, our estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. The use of different assumptions related to these uncertain factors at acquisition could result in material changes to the amounts initially recorded at acquisition, which could have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. When appropriate, we engage third-party valuation specialists to assist in determining the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed.

If the initial accounting for a business combination has not been completed by the end of the reporting period in which the business combination occurs, provisional amounts are reported to present information about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date. We must complete the accounting for each business combination during its measurement period, which cannot exceed one year from the acquisition date. Adjustments made during the measurement period could have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Costs that are directly attributable to business combinations are expensed as incurred within other expenses, net, on the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss). The results of operations of acquisitions are included in the consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition.

Recently Issued and Adopted Accounting Standards

A discussion of recent accounting pronouncements is included in Note 1, Summary of significant accounting policies, to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Report.

JOBS Act Accounting Election

In April 2012, the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”), was enacted. Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that an “emerging growth company” may take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards. Therefore, an emerging growth company can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have irrevocably elected to avail ourselves of this extended transition period and, as a result, we will not adopt new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required for other public companies. In addition, as an emerging growth company, we may take advantage of certain reduced disclosure and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to public companies. DTI will take advantage of these exemptions until such earlier time that it is no longer an emerging growth company. DTI would cease to be an emerging growth company on the date that is the earliest of (i) the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the date of the completion of the offering on December 6, 2021; (ii) the last day of the fiscal year in which its total annual gross revenue is equal to or more than $1.235 billion (iii) the date on which it has issued more than $1.0 billion in nonconvertible debt during the previous three years or (iv) the date on which it is deemed to be a large accelerated filer under the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Credit risk

Financial instruments which potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and accounts receivable. We maintain cash and cash equivalents with major and reputable financial institutions. Deposits held with these financial institutions may exceed the amount of insurance provided by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and Canadian Deposit Insurance Corporation on such deposits but may be redeemed upon demand. We perform periodic evaluations of the relative credit standing of these financial institutions. With respect to accounts receivable, we monitor the credit quality of our customers as well as maintain an allowance for credit losses for estimated losses resulting from the inability of customers to make required payments.

Concentration risk

During the years ended December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, 27% and 28%, respectively, of our total revenue was earned from 2 of our customers. Amounts due from these customers included in accounts receivable at December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were approximately $6.4 million and $6.3 million, respectively.

Foreign currency risk

Our customers are primarily located in the United States and Canada, but through the recent acquisitions, this has expanded to include customers located in countries all across the globe. Therefore, foreign exchange risk exposures arise from transactions denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, which is our functional and reporting currency. To date, a majority of our sales have been denominated in United States and Canadian dollars but we expect more sales to be denominated in other foreign currencies as we continue to expand globally. As we expand our presence in international markets, our results of operations and cash flows may increasingly be subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates and may be adversely affected in the future due to changes in foreign exchange rates. To date, we have not entered into any hedging arrangements to minimize the impact of these fluctuations in the exchange rates. We will periodically reassess our approach to manage our risk relating to fluctuations in currency rates.

We do not believe that foreign currency risk had a material effect on our business, financial condition, or results of operations during the periods presented.

Inflation Risk

We expect we will continue to experience inflationary pressures on our cost structure for the foreseeable future. However, tightness in overseas freight and transit times from have eased. Nonetheless, we cannot be confident that transit times or input prices will return to the lower levels experienced in prior years. Continued inflation and looming concerns regarding a possible recession weigh on the outlook for oil demand which could in turn negatively impact demand for our goods and services.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of the end of the period covered by this report, the Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, and with the involvement of management, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e). Based on this evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report. These controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Remediation of Material Weakness in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement in the Company’s financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. A material weakness was previously identified related to ineffective monitoring activities to assess the operation of internal control over financial reporting.

As of December 31, 2025, management has evaluated the material weakness described above and believes that its design and implementation of internal control over financial reporting to remediate the material weakness and enhance the Company’s internal control environment has been achieved. To enhance the monitoring of the design and operating effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting and achieve remediation, the Company performed the following actions: (1) provided specific training to control owners aimed at enhancing their understanding of the control environment and responsibilities, including information produced by the entity; (2) provided greater precision of evidence as it related to the performance of both business processes and information technology (“IT”) controls; (3) continued implementation, refinement, and assessment over control gaps identified from previous periods; and (4) monitored the execution of business process and IT controls throughout the year.

Based on the remediation activities described above and the results of management’s testing of controls, management concluded that the previously identified material weakness has been fully remediated as of December 31, 2025.

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

An effective system of internal control, no matter how well designed, has inherent limitations, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of controls, and therefore can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to the reliability of financial reporting. Because of these inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect all misstatements, including those resulting from human error, fraud, or the circumvention or overriding of controls. Accordingly, even effective internal control over financial reporting can provide only reasonable assurance regarding the preparation and fair presentation of financial statements.

Under the supervision and with the participation of management, the Company conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025, based on the framework established in the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission’s Internal Control—Integrated Framework (COSO). Based on this evaluation, management concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2025.