Peraso Inc.: Form 10-Q for the period ended Sep 30, 2025

This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations should be read in conjunction with the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements and notes included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, which include, without limitation, statements about the market for our technology, our strategies, competition, expected financial performance and capital raising efforts. Any statements about our business, financial results, financial condition and operations contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that are not statements of historical fact may be deemed to be forward-looking statements. Without limiting the foregoing, the words “believes,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “projects” or similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Our actual results could differ materially from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including the risk factors described under Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 and the risk factors described below under Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. We undertake no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements for any reason, except as required by law, even as new information becomes available or events occur in the future.

Overview

Our strategy and primary business objective is to be a profitable, IP-rich fabless semiconductor company offering integrated circuits, or ICs, antenna modules and related non-recurring engineering services. We specialize in the development of mmWave semiconductors, primarily in the unlicensed 60 GHz spectrum band for 802.11ad/ay-compliant devices and in the 28/39 GHz spectrum bands for 5G-compliant devices. We derive our revenue from selling semiconductor devices, as well as antenna modules based on using those mmWave semiconductor devices. We have pioneered a high-volume mmWave IC production test methodology using standard, low-cost production test equipment. It has taken us several years to refine performance of this production test methodology, and we believe this places us in a leadership position in addressing the operational challenges of delivering mmWave products into high-volume markets. We also produce and sell complete mmWave antenna modules. The primary advantage provided by our antenna modules is that our proprietary mmWave ICs and the antenna are integrated into a single device. A differentiating characteristic of mmWave technology is that the RF amplifiers must be as close as possible to the antenna to minimize loss. With our module, we can guarantee the performance of the amplifier/antenna interface and simplify customers’ radio frequency, or RF, engineering, facilitating more opportunities for customer prospects that have not provided RF-type systems, as well as shortening the time to market for new products.

We also had a memory product line comprising our Bandwidth Engine IC products. Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation, or TSMC, the sole foundry that manufactured the wafers used to produce our memory IC products, discontinued the foundry process used to produce such wafers. As a result, in May 2023, we initiated an end-of-life, or EOL, of our memory IC products, and, in March 2025, we fulfilled all then-outstanding EOL orders for our memory IC products. Since March 2025, we received additional purchase orders totaling approximately $452,800 from customers for remaining inventory. We recorded approximately $72,000 of product revenue from these purchase orders during the three months ended September 30, 2025.

We incurred net losses of approximately $3.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and $10.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, and we had an accumulated deficit of approximately $180.6 million as of September 30, 2025. These and prior year losses have resulted in significant negative cash flows and historically have required us to raise substantial amounts of additional capital. As discussed below, this raises significant doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. We will need to increase revenues substantially beyond levels that we have attained in the past in order to generate sustainable operating profit and sufficient cash flows to continue doing business without raising additional capital from time to time.

Recent Developments

Unsolicited, Non-binding Proposal from Mobix Labs, Inc.; Strategic Review Process

On June 27, 2025, we confirmed in a public press release the receipt of an unsolicited, non-binding proposal from Mobix Labs, Inc. (“Mobix Labs”) to acquire all of the Company’s issued and outstanding equity securities in exchange for newly issued shares of Mobix Labs common stock, with a fixed exchange ratio based on the average daily closing price of our common stock over the 30 calendar days ending on June 11, 2025, plus a 20% premium, or approximately $1.20 per share.

On July 11, 2025, we issued a press release announcing the initiation of the strategic review process. Following this, our financial advisor contacted potential counterparties to invite them to participate in the process subject to such parties’ execution of our standard non-disclosure agreement, which includes a standstill provision. Our financial advisor also contacted Mobix Labs to request that Mobix Labs execute our non-disclosure agreement in order to participate in the process, which Mobix Labs declined to execute.

On August 19, 2025, we issued a public press release providing an update on our strategic review process, including our engagement with potential counterparties and our continued openness to engaging with Mobix Labs and others, while noting that Mobix Labs declined to enter into our standard non-disclosure agreement and indicated it would not agree to receive material non-public information (“MNPI”).

On September 8, 2025, we issued a press release providing another update on our strategic review process, including regarding the two letters that we received from Mobix Labs, dated as of September 4, 2025, and September 5, 2025, in connection with its unsolicited offer to acquire all outstanding shares of the Company. The September 4 letter included a revised acquisition proposal involving a combination of cash and stock consideration in an undetermined amount, and a reiteration of Mobix Labs’ refusal to enter into a confidentiality agreement or receive MNPI from us. The September 5 follow-up letter stated that while Mobix Labs continued to oppose any standstill restrictions, it would be willing to consider a limited confidentiality arrangement to permit us to share MNPI deemed reasonably necessary, provided that such arrangement did not include a standstill and did not indefinitely constrain Mobix Labs. In response to such letters, we authorized a limited exploratory call with Mobix Labs, and we requested that any such discussion take place without us sharing any MNPI and outside the bounds of a confidentiality agreement, which exploratory call would serve to allow us to better understand Mobix Labs’ revised proposal and intentions.

On September 11, 2025, following the limited exploratory call with Mobix Labs on September 10, 2025, Mobix Labs issued a public statement describing the discussions had in such limited exploratory call and announcing an enhanced proposal of approximately 30% cash and 70% Mobix Labs common stock. Then, on September 12, 2025, we issued a press release to provide clarification to all stockholders relating to such public statements made by Mobix Labs, including that we did not respond to Mobix Labs’ proposal and that we did not agree to continue discussions with Mobix Labs during the call, and we sent a letter to Mobix Labs to clarify our position.

On September 13, 2025, Mobix Labs filed a Form 425 with the SEC and issued a related press release announcing its intent to commence a hostile exchange offer to acquire all outstanding shares of the Company. In the press release, Mobix Labs stated that the proposed offer is expected to consist of a mix of cash and Mobix Labs common stock, with an intended closing timeline of approximately 75 days.

On September 29, 2025, Mobix Labs delivered another letter to our board of directors reiterating its interest in a business combination and submitting what it described as a definitive proposal to acquire all outstanding shares of the Company for $1.30 per share, consisting of a mix of cash and Mobix Labs common stock, and also separately requested our cooperation with respect to an anticipated registration statement on Form S-4.

On October 3, 2025, Mobix Labs delivered an updated letter superseding its prior proposal and proposing to acquire all outstanding shares of the Company for $1.30 per share in cash, stating that the proposal was not subject to financing contingencies and was based on our publicly reported share count as of June 30, 2025.

On October 6, 2025, we sent a letter to Mobix Labs acknowledging receipt of its revised proposal and requesting clarification regarding share count assumptions, treatment of the Company’s publicly disclosed warrants and equity-linked instruments, and financing sources. Also on October 6, 2025, Mobix Labs issued a press release publicly announcing its updated all-cash proposal and reiterating its preference for a cooperative process with the Company.

On October 30, 2025, we entered into a mutual confidentiality agreement with Mobix Labs in connection with our ongoing review of strategic alternatives. The confidentiality agreement contains customary terms, including mutual 12-month standstill and non-solicitation provisions. On November 3, 2025, Mobix Labs issued a press release publicly announcing its entry into a mutual confidentiality agreement with us.

Our board of directors is evaluating the Company’s options to enhance stockholder value. Our board of directors and management team are committed to acting in the best interests of all stockholders. Consistent with its fiduciary duties and in consultation with the Company’s financial and legal advisors, our board of directors will carefully review Mobix Labs’ proposal to determine the course of action that it believes is in the best interest of the Company and its stockholders. We do not intend to make further comments regarding potential transactions or provide any public updates regarding proposed or potential transactions, unless required by applicable law or a regulatory body. There can be no assurance that any transaction will be completed at this price or at any other price with such third party or any other third party.

2025 Warrant Inducement Offering

On September 11, 2025, we entered into an inducement offer letter agreement (the “2025 Inducement Letter”) with a holder (the “Series C Holder”) of Series C Warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 952,380 shares of common stock, having an original exercise price of $1.61 per share, issued to the Series C Holder on November 6, 2024. Pursuant to the 2025 Inducement Letter, the Series C Holder agreed to exercise for cash its Series C Warrants at a reduced exercise price of $1.18 per share in consideration for our agreement to issue in a private placement new Series E common stock purchase warrants (the “Series E Warrants”) to purchase an aggregate of 952,380 shares of common stock. The Series E Warrants have an exercise price of $1.25 per share, will be exercisable upon the six-month anniversary of the date of issuance and will have a term of exercise of 5.5 years from the initial exercise date. The warrant inducement offering closed on September 12, 2025, and resulted in net proceeds to us of approximately $0.9 million, after deducting placement agent fees and other offering expenses payable by us.

Compliance with Nasdaq Minimum Bid Price Requirement

On September 5, 2025, we received a letter from the Listing Qualifications Staff of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”) indicating that, based upon the closing bid price of our common stock for the 30 consecutive business days ending on September 4, 2025, we no longer met the requirement to maintain a minimum bid price of $1 per share, as set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2). On September 19, 2025, we received a notification letter from Nasdaq notifying us that we had regained compliance with the minimum bid price requirement.

Risks and Uncertainties

We are subject to risks from, among other things, competition associated with the industry in general, other risks associated with financing, liquidity requirements, rapidly changing customer requirements, limited operating history, tariffs, pandemics, wars and acts of terrorism and the volatility of public markets. We may be unable to access the capital markets, and additional capital may only be available to us on terms that could be significantly detrimental to our existing stockholders and to our business.

For additional information on risks that could impact our future results of operations, please refer to “Risk Factors” in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (GAAP). The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make certain estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. On an ongoing basis we make these estimates based on our historical experience and on assumptions that we consider reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates and reported results could differ under different assumptions or conditions. Our significant accounting policies and estimates are disclosed in Note 1 of the “Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and Note 1 of the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. As of September 30, 2025, there have been no material changes to our significant accounting policies and estimates.

Results of Operations

Net Revenue

(dollar amounts in thousands)

24

The following table details revenue by product category for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:

(amounts in thousands)

(amounts in thousands)

Product revenue decreased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared with the same periods of 2024 primarily due to the decrease in our memory IC product shipments attributable to the significant reduction in EOL shipments subsequent to March 2025. The decreases were partially offset by an increase in shipments of our mmWave ICs and antenna modules.

(dollar amounts in thousands)

Royalty and other revenue includes royalty, non-recurring engineering services and license revenues. The increase in royalty and other revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared with the same period of 2024 was primarily due to an increase in non-recurring engineering services revenue related to our mmWave technology attributable to a statement of work entered into in July 2025. The decrease in royalty and other revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared with the same period of 2024 was primarily due to a decrease in royalty revenues from licensees of our memory technology due to reduced shipments by these licensees, which we attribute to the discontinuation of the foundry process by TSMC.

Cost of Net Revenue and Gross Profit

(dollar amounts in thousands)

Cost of net revenue is primarily comprised of direct and indirect costs related to the sale of our products, including depreciation of production-related fixed assets and, prior to January 1, 2025, amortization of intangible assets.

Cost of net revenue decreased for the three months ended September 30, 2025 when compared with the same period in 2024, primarily related to the decrease in product revenue and amortization of developed technology intangible assets of approximately $0.6 million, as these assets were fully amortized as of December 31, 2024. Cost of net revenue decreased for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 when compared with the same period in 2024, primarily related to the decrease in product revenue and amortization of developed technology intangible assets of approximately $1.7 million, as these assets were fully amortized as of December 31, 2024.

(dollar amounts in thousands)

Gross profit remained flat for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared with the same period of 2024, despite the decrease in total net revenue, primarily due to product revenue mix, increased contribution from royalty and other revenues and sales of mmWave inventory with a cost of approximately $0.3 million that had been written down in prior periods.

Gross profit remained relatively flat for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared with the same period of 2024, despite the decrease in total net revenue, primarily due to product revenue mix and sales of mmWave inventory with a cost of approximately $0.6 million that had been written down in prior periods.

Research and Development

(dollar amounts in thousands)

Our research and development, or R&D, expenses include costs related to the development of our products. We expense R&D costs as they are incurred.

The decrease for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared with the same periods of 2024 was primarily due to: i) reduced salary and consulting costs, as we implemented reductions in force during 2024 and terminated consultant contracts, ii) reduced rent expense, as our San Jose office lease expired in January 2025, and iii) reduced software license expense, as during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, we accrued the value of certain of our software license obligations (see Note 4 to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q).

We expect that total R&D expenses will decrease during the remainder of 2025 compared with the prior period of 2024, as a result of our cost reduction initiatives.

Selling, General and Administrative

(dollar amounts in thousands)

Selling, general and administrative, or SG&A, expenses consist primarily of personnel and related overhead costs for sales, marketing, finance, human resources and general management and amortization of certain intangible assets.

The decrease for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared with the same period of 2024 was primarily attributable to reductions in expenses for facilities, stock based compensation and amortization of purchased intangible assets for customer relationships of approximately $0.3 million, which were fully amortized as of December 31, 2024. The decrease for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared with the same period of 2024 was primarily attributable to reductions in expenses for facilities, stock based compensation and amortization of purchased intangible assets for customer relationships of approximately $0.8 million, which were fully amortized as of December 31, 2024. These decreases were partially offset by increases in consulting and professional services costs. We expect that total SG&A expense will remain flat or slightly decrease for the remainder of 2025 compared with 2024, as we continue to manage our SG&A costs.

Severance and Software License Obligations

(dollar amounts in thousands)

In November 2023, we implemented an employee lay-off and terminated certain consulting positions (the “Reductions”) to reduce operating expenses and cash burn, as we prioritized business activities and projects that we believe will have a higher return on investment. As part of the Reductions, we implemented a temporary lay-off that impacted 16 employees (the “Employees”) of Peraso Tech. During the six months ended June 30, 2024, we determined that we would not recall any of the 11 Employees that remained on our payroll and commenced notifying the remaining Employees that their employment would be terminated. As a result, we recorded severance charges of approximately $0.4 million for each of the three and six months ended June 30, 2024. The severance liabilities were fully paid as of September 30, 2025.

As a result of the decision to not recall the Employees, we determined that it was probable that a number of our non-cancelable licenses for computer-aided design software would not be utilized during the remaining license terms. During the three months ended June 30, 2024, we expensed the value of the remaining contractual liabilities and recorded liabilities of approximately $1.6 million. During the three months ended June 30, 2025, a licensor terminated one of the license agreements and initiated a refund of approximately $56,300 for amounts previously paid by us. As a result, we reversed approximately $222,600 of expense and approximately $166,300 of the related contractual liabilities for this licensor during the three months ended June 30, 2025. As of September 30, 2025, the remaining contractual liabilities of approximately $0.2 million were recorded in accounts payable and are expected to be paid by December 31, 2025.

Liquidity and Capital Resources; Changes in Financial Condition

Cash Flows

As of September 30, 2025, we had cash and cash equivalents of $1.9 million and working capital of $3.1 million.

Net cash used in operating activities was $4.6 million for the first nine months of 2025, which primarily resulted from our net loss of $3.5 million, as increased by $1.7 million in net changes in assets and liabilities, and partially offset by non-cash charges of $0.2 million of depreciation and amortization and $0.4 million of stock based compensation. The changes in assets and liabilities primarily related to the timing of collections of receivables, purchases of inventory and other vendor payables and prepayments.

Net cash used in operating activities was $3.9 million for the first nine months of 2024, which primarily resulted from our net loss of $9.2 million, as adjusted for a $1.6 million non-cash gain on the change in fair value of warrant liability, and partially offset by non-cash charges of $3.0 million of depreciation and amortization, $3.3 million of stock based compensation and $0.6 million in net changes in assets and liabilities. The changes in assets and liabilities primarily related to the timing of accruals for software licenses, accrued severance benefits and accounts receivable collections, and other vendor payables and prepayments.

Net cash used in investing activities was approximately $79,000 for the first nine months of 2025, which was attributable to the purchase of fixed assets.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, no cash was provided by or used in investing activities.

Net cash provided by financing activities of $3.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 primarily comprised $2.3 million of net proceeds from at-the-market sales of stock and $0.9 million in net proceeds from a warrant inducement offering completed in September 2025.

Net cash provided by financing activities of $3.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 primarily comprised $3.4 million in net proceeds from a public offering of our common stock and common stock purchase warrants completed in February 2024 and a $0.1 million sale of unregistered stock to a member of our board of directors, $0.2 million of net proceeds from at-the-market sales of stock, which was partially offset by $0.1 million for repayment of finance lease liabilities.

Our future liquidity and capital requirements are expected to vary from quarter-to-quarter, depending on numerous factors, including:

• level of revenue;
• cost, timing and success of technology development efforts;
• inventory levels, as supply chain disruption during the COVID-19 pandemic required us to maintain higher inventory levels and place purchase orders with our suppliers longer into the future, which exposes us to additional inventory risk;
• timing of product shipments, which may be impacted by supply chain disruptions;
• length of billing and collection cycles, which may be impacted in the event of a global recession or economic downturn;
• variations in manufacturing yields, material lead time and costs and other manufacturing risks;
• costs of acquiring other businesses and integrating the acquired operations; and
• profitability of our business.

Purchase Obligations

Our primary purchase obligations include non-cancelable purchase orders for inventory. At September 30, 2025, we had outstanding non-cancelable purchase orders for inventory, primarily wafers and substrates, and related expenditures of approximately $2.7 million.

Going Concern - Working Capital

We incurred net losses of approximately $3.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and $10.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, and we had an accumulated deficit of approximately $180.6 million as of September 30, 2025. These and prior year losses have resulted in significant negative cash flows and have required us to raise substantial amounts of additional capital. To date, we have primarily financed our operations through loans, offerings of common stock and warrants and issuances of convertible notes.

We expect to continue to incur operating losses during 2025, as we do not expect any further shipments or to generate any meaningful revenue from shipments of our memory products after March 2025, with the exception of two purchase orders received in September 2025, and as we continue to secure new customers for and continue to invest in the development of our mmWave products. Further, we expect our cash expenditures to continue to exceed receipts for at least the next 12 months, as our revenues will not be sufficient to offset our operating expenses. In addition, we have incurred and may continue to incur substantial costs related to our strategic alternative exploration process, including our evaluation of Mobix Labs’ proposal, which costs include the fees of our financial and legal advisors. We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents as of September 30, 2025 and expected receipts associated with forecasted product sales will enable us to meet our capital needs into the first quarter of 2026.

We will need to increase revenues beyond the levels that we have attained in the past in order to generate sustainable operating profit and sufficient cash flows to continue doing business without raising additional capital from time to time. As a result of our expected operating losses and cash burn and recurring losses from operations, if we are unable to raise sufficient capital through additional debt or equity arrangements, there will be uncertainty regarding our ability to maintain liquidity sufficient to operate our business effectively, which raises substantial doubt as to our ability to continue as a going concern within one year from the date of issuance of our condensed consolidated financial statements. In addition, the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, in its report on the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2024, expressed substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The condensed consolidated financial statements presented in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q have been prepared assuming that we will continue as a going concern, and do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty. There can be no assurance that such additional capital, whether in the form of debt or equity financing, will be sufficient or available and, if available, that such capital will be offered on terms and conditions acceptable to us. We are currently seeking additional financing in order to meet our cash requirements for the foreseeable future. If we are unsuccessful in these efforts, we will need to implement additional cost reduction strategies, which could further affect our near- and long-term business plan. These cost reduction strategies may include, but are not limited to, reducing headcount and curtailing business activities.

As further discussed in Note 9 to the condensed consolidated financial statements, we completed warrant inducement offerings in September 2025 and November 2024 for net proceeds of approximately $0.9 million and $2.6 million, respectively. Additionally, as further discussed in Note 8 to the condensed consolidated financial statements, on August 30, 2024, we entered into the Sales Agreement with Ladenburg, pursuant to which we may offer and sell, from time to time at our sole discretion, shares of our common stock through Ladenburg as agent and/or principal (subject to the limitations of General Instruction I.B.6 of Form S-3) through an at-the-market program. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, we sold 733,049 and 2,003,207 shares of common stock for proceeds of approximately $751,200 and $2,270,200 (net of commissions of approximately $23,000 and $70,000 paid to Ladenburg), respectively, pursuant to the Sales Agreement. On October 10, 2025, we increased the maximum aggregate offering amount of common stock issuable pursuant to the Sales Agreement to $1,750,000. Further, during 2023 and 2024, we implemented reductions in our workforce and eliminated 19 full-time equivalent positions. These cost reduction actions were intended to preserve cash, as we kept capital expenditures to minimum levels in order to reduce operating costs and our short-term cash needs.

If we were to raise additional capital through sales of our equity securities, our stockholders would suffer dilution of their equity ownership. If we engage in debt financing, we may be required to accept terms that restrict our ability to incur additional indebtedness, prohibit us from paying dividends, repurchasing our stock or making investments, and force us to maintain specified liquidity or other ratios, any of which could harm our business, operating results and financial condition. If we need additional capital and cannot raise it on acceptable terms, we may not be able to, among other things:

• develop or enhance our products;
• continue to expand our product development and sales and marketing organizations;
• acquire complementary technologies, products or businesses;
• expand operations, in the United States or internationally;
• hire, train and retain employees; or
• respond to competitive pressures or unanticipated working capital requirements.

Our failure to do any of these things could seriously harm our ability to execute our business strategy and may force us to curtail our existing operations.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not maintain any off-balance sheet arrangements or obligations that are reasonably likely to have a material current or future effect on our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity or capital resources.

Indemnifications

In the ordinary course of business, we enter into contractual arrangements under which we may agree to indemnify the counter-party from losses relating to a breach of representations and warranties, a failure to perform certain covenants, or claims and losses arising from certain external events as outlined within the contract, which may include, for example, losses arising from litigation or claims relating to past performance. Such indemnification clauses may not be subject to maximum loss clauses. We have also entered into indemnification agreements with our officers and directors. No material amounts related to these indemnifications are reflected in our condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 1 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for a discussion of recently-issued accounting pronouncements.

Disclosure Controls and Procedures. Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over our financial reporting. Because of inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Based on this evaluation, our management concluded that, as of September 30, 2025, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting. During the quarter ended September 30, 2025, there was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

We face many significant risks in our business, some of which are unknown to us and not presently foreseen. These risks could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations in the future. Other than as set forth below, there have been no material changes with respect to the risk factors disclosed under Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, which we filed with the SEC on March 28, 2025.

We might not be able to continue as a going concern.

Our consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2025 have been prepared under the assumption that we will continue as a going concern for the next twelve months. As of September 30, 2025, we had cash and cash equivalents of $1.9 million and an accumulated deficit of $180.6 million. We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents as of September 30, 2025 and expected receipts associated with forecasted product sales will enable us to meet our capital needs into the first quarter of 2026.

Our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon our ability to raise additional capital and to achieve sustainable revenues and profitable operations. We will need to increase revenues substantially beyond levels that we have attained in the past in order to generate sustainable operating profit and sufficient cash flows to continue doing business without raising additional capital from time to time. As a result of our expected operating losses and cash burn for the foreseeable future and recurring losses from operations, if we are unable to raise sufficient capital through additional debt or equity arrangements, there will be uncertainty regarding our ability to maintain liquidity sufficient to operate our business effectively, which raises substantial doubt as to our ability to continue as a going concern. In addition, our independent registered public accounting firm, in its report on our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2024, expressed substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. If we cannot continue as a viable entity, our stockholders would likely lose most or all of their investment in us.

If we are unable to generate sustainable operating profit and sufficient cash flows, then our future success will depend on our ability to raise capital. We cannot be certain that raising additional capital, whether through selling additional debt or equity securities or obtaining a line of credit or other loan, will be available to us or, if available, will be on terms acceptable to us. If we issue additional securities to raise funds, these securities may have rights, preferences, or privileges senior to those of our common stock, and our current stockholders may experience dilution. If we are unable to obtain funds when needed or on acceptable terms, we may be required to curtail our current product development programs, cut operating costs, forego future development and other opportunities or even terminate our operations.

Our forecast of the period of time through which our financial resources will be adequate to support our operating requirements is a forward-looking statement and involves risks and uncertainties, and actual results could vary as a result of a number of factors, including the factors discussed elsewhere in this “Risk Factors” section and in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. We have based this estimate on a number of assumptions that may prove to be wrong and changing circumstances beyond our control may cause us to consume capital more rapidly than we currently anticipate. Our inability to obtain additional funding when we need it could seriously harm our business.

Our evaluation of strategic alternatives, including Mobix Labs’ proposal, may not lead to a favorable outcome and could create business disruption and stock price volatility.

On June 27, 2025, we confirmed in a public press release the receipt of an unsolicited non-binding acquisition proposal from Mobix Labs, which initial proposal was subsequently revised by Mobix Labs, most recently on October 3, 2025. On July 11, 2025, we announced that our Board has authorized the exploration of strategic alternatives, including a merger, sale of assets or other similar transaction, all intended to maximize stockholder value and further our business operations. This process is ongoing, and our Board has not set a definitive timetable for the completion of its evaluation. In connection with our ongoing strategic review process, the Board is evaluating Mobix Labs’ revised unsolicited non-binding proposal to acquire all of our outstanding shares for $1.30 per share in cash, which we received from Mobix Labs on October 3, 2025, and on October 30, 2025, we entered into a mutual confidentiality agreement with Mobix Labs, which contains customary terms, including mutual 12-month standstill and non-solicitation provisions.

The process of reviewing potential strategic alternatives has been and may continue to be a significant distraction for our Board and management, and has required and may continue to require the expenditure of significant time and resources by us, which may cause concern to our employees, investors, strategic partners, and other constituencies and may have a material impact on our business and operating results and/or result in increased volatility in our share price.

There can be no assurance that our strategic review process will result in any transaction or other strategic outcome. Any potential transaction would be dependent on a number of factors that may be beyond our control, including, among other things, market conditions, industry trends, the interest of third parties in a potential transaction with us, obtaining stockholder approval and the availability of financing to third parties in a potential transaction with us on reasonable terms.

We do not intend to disclose further developments on this strategic review process unless and until we determine that such disclosure is appropriate or necessary. If we determine to engage in a transaction as a result of our exploration and evaluation of strategic alternatives, our future business, prospects, financial position and operating results could be significantly different than those in historical periods or projected by our management. Moreover, the review of strategic alternatives may disrupt our business by causing uncertainty among current and potential employees, suppliers, customers and investors, and could expose us to potential litigation. The selection and execution of a strategic alternative may lead to similar disruptions, and parties advocating for alternatives not selected may solicit support for such other alternatives, causing further disruption. Until the process is concluded, perceived uncertainties related to our future may result in the loss of potential business opportunities and volatility in the market price of our common stock and may make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified personnel and business partners. Further, any alternative strategic paths that may be pursued and completed ultimately may not deliver the anticipated benefits or enhance stockholder value.

The occurrence of any one or more of the above risks could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

If we are unable to satisfy the continued listing requirements of Nasdaq, our common stock could be delisted and the price and liquidity of our common stock may be adversely affected.

Our common stock may lose value and could be delisted from Nasdaq due to several factors or a combination of such factors. While our common stock is currently listed on Nasdaq, we can give no assurance that we will be able to maintain compliance with the continued listing requirements of Nasdaq, including, but not limited to, the corporate governance requirements and the minimum closing bid price requirement or the minimum equity requirement. If we fail to maintain compliance with any such continued listing requirement, there can also be no assurance that we will be able to regain compliance with any such continued listing requirement in the future or that our common stock will not be delisted in the future.

If we were to be delisted, we would expect our common stock to be traded in the over-the-counter market which could adversely affect the liquidity of our common stock. Additionally, we could face significant material adverse consequences, including:

• a limited availability of market quotations for our common stock;
• a decreased ability to issue additional securities or obtain additional financing in the future;
• reduced liquidity for our stockholders;
• potential loss of confidence by customers, collaboration partners and employees; and
• loss of institutional investor interest.

In the event of a delisting, we can provide no assurance that any action taken by us to restore compliance with listing requirements would allow our common stock to become listed again, stabilize the market price or improve the liquidity of our common stock, prevent our common stock from dropping below the Nasdaq minimum bid price requirement, or prevent future non-compliance with Nasdaq’s listing requirements.

We discontinued the production of our memory products.

Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation, or TSMC, the sole foundry that manufactured the wafers used to produce our memory IC products, discontinued the foundry process used to produce such wafers. As a result, we commenced an end-of-life (“EOL”) of our memory products in 2023. In March 2025, we fulfilled all outstanding EOL orders for our memory IC products. We do not expect any further shipments or to generate any meaningful revenue from shipments of our memory IC products after March 2025 with the exception of two purchase orders received in September 2025. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, our memory IC products represented approximately 25% and 87% of our revenues, respectively. The discontinuation of the production and sale of our memory IC products will negatively impact our future revenues, results of operations and cash flows.

We have a history of losses, and we will need to raise additional capital.

We incurred net losses of approximately $3.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and $10.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, and we had an accumulated deficit of approximately $180.6 million as of September 30, 2025. These and prior-year losses have resulted in significant negative cash flows. To remain competitive and expand our product offerings to customers, we will need to increase revenues substantially beyond levels that we have attained in the past in order to generate sustainable operating profit and sufficient cash flows to continue doing business without raising additional capital from time to time. Given our history of fluctuating revenues and operating losses, and the challenges we face in securing customers for our products, we cannot be certain that we will be able to achieve and maintain profitability on either a quarterly or annual basis in the future. As a result, we may need to raise additional capital in the future, which may or may not be available to us at all or only on unfavorable terms.

Our reduction in force undertaken to significantly reduce our ongoing operating expenses may not result in our intended outcomes and may yield unintended consequences and additional costs.

In November 2023, we implemented an employee lay-off and terminated certain consulting positions (the “Reductions”) to reduce operating expenses and cash burn, as we prioritized business activities and projects that we believe will have a higher return on investment. As part of the Reductions, we implemented a temporary lay-off that impacted 16 employees (the “Employees”) of Peraso Tech. During the six months ended June 30, 2024, we determined that we would not recall any of the 11 Employees that remained on our payroll and commenced notifying the remaining Employees that their employment would be terminated. The remaining severance liabilities as of June 30, 2025 were paid in July 2025.

As a result of the decision to not recall the Employees, we determined that it was probable that a number of our non-cancelable licenses for computer-aided design software would not be utilized during the remaining license terms. During the six months ended June 30, 2024, we expensed the value of the remaining contractual liabilities and recorded liabilities of approximately $1.6 million. During the three months ended June 30, 2025, a licensor terminated one of the license agreements and initiated a refund of approximately $56,300 for amounts previously paid by us. As a result, we reversed approximately $222,600 of expense and approximately $166,300 of the related contractual liabilities for this licensor during the three months ended June 30, 2025. As of September 30, 2025, the remaining contractual liabilities of approximately $0.2 million are expected to be paid by December 31, 2025.

In addition to the costs associated with the non-cancelable license commitments for computer-aided design software, the Reductions may result in other unintended consequences and costs, such as the loss of institutional knowledge and expertise, attrition beyond the intended number of employees, decreased morale among our remaining employees, and the risk that we may not achieve the anticipated benefits of the Reductions. In addition, while positions have been eliminated certain functions necessary to our operations remain, and we may be unsuccessful in distributing the duties and obligations of departed employees among our remaining employees. We may also be unsuccessful in negotiating any desired strategic alternative or partnership relating to such functions on a timely basis, on acceptable terms, or at all. The Reductions could also make it difficult for us to pursue, or prevent us from pursuing, new opportunities and initiatives due to insufficient personnel, or require us to incur additional and unanticipated costs to hire new personnel to pursue such opportunities or initiatives. Further, inflationary pressure may increase our costs, including employee compensation costs, or result in employee attrition to the extent our compensation does not keep up with inflation, particularly if our competitors’ compensation does. If we are unable to realize the anticipated benefits from the Reductions, if we experience significant adverse consequences from the reduction in force, or if we are otherwise unable to retain our employees, our business, financial condition, and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.

International trade policies, including protectionist trade policies, such as tariffs and sanctions, could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Due to the interconnectedness of the global economy, policy changes in one area of the world can have an immediate and material adverse impact on markets around the world. Changes in international trade policies, including: (i) changes to existing trade agreements; (ii) greater restrictions on free trade generally; and (iii) significant increases in customs duties and tariffs on goods imported into the United States and reciprocal actions by other countries, could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Current or future tariffs or other restrictive trade measures may raise the costs of raw materials, components or finished goods, which may adversely impact both our product offerings and our operational expenses. Such cost increases may reduce our margins and require us to increase prices, which could harm our competitive position, reduce customer demand and damage customer relationships.

Trade disputes, trade restrictions, tariffs and other political tensions between the U.S. and other countries may also exacerbate unfavorable macroeconomic conditions including inflationary pressures, foreign exchange volatility, financial market instability, and economic recessions or downturns, which may also negatively impact customer demand for our products or services, delay purchases or renewals, limit expansion opportunities with customers, limit our access to capital, or otherwise negatively impact our business and operations. Ongoing tariff, trade restrictions and macroeconomic uncertainty has and may continue to contribute to volatility in the price of our common stock.

Ongoing uncertainty regarding trade policies may also complicate our short- and long-term strategic planning, and that of our partners and customers, including decisions regarding hiring, product strategy, capital investment, supply chain design and geographic expansion.

While we continue to monitor trade developments, the ultimate impact of these risks remains uncertain and any prolonged economic downturn, escalation in trade tensions, or deterioration in international perception of U.S.-based companies could materially and adversely affect our supply chain, as well as our business, results of operations and financial condition. In addition, tariffs and other trade developments have and may continue to heighten the risks related to the other risk factors described elsewhere in this “Risk Factors” section and in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.