reAlpha Tech Corp.: Form 10-K for the period ended Dec 31, 2025

Overview

We are a real estate technology company developing an end-to-end homebuying platform, which we have named reAlpha (hereinafter referred to as the “reAlpha platform”). Our goal is to offer, through our AI-powered platform, a more affordable, streamlined experience for those on the journey to homeownership. The reAlpha platform integrates AI-driven tools to offer, among others, tailored property recommendations, an intuitive visual interface, and certain services, including realty services, mortgage brokering services, and digital title and escrow services within the platform.

Our revenue model revolves around: (i) our homebuying services, which include realty services (e.g., assisting a homebuyer with finding, touring, and closing on homes), mortgage brokering services (e.g., finding and originating a mortgage for the homebuyer that fits their financial situation, needs, credit, and location), and digital title and escrow services (e.g., title, closing and settlement fees) directly to customers, mainly through the reAlpha platform, and (ii) our technology services, including software development services provided by our subsidiaries Naamche, Inc. (“U.S. Naamche”) and Realpha Nepal Pvt. Ltd. (f/k/a Naamche, Inc. Pvt. Ltd.) (“reAlpha Nepal Pvt Limited” and together with U.S. Naamche, “reAlpha Nepal”) to businesses and the AI-powered conversational platform provided to customers by our subsidiary, AiChat Pte. Ltd. (“AiChat”).

We are continuously working to commercialize, enhance and refine our AI technologies to support our homebuying services and technology services and to continue generating revenue. As part of our growth strategy, we also plan to continue identifying and acquiring companies that are complementary to our business, and we intend to generate revenue from integrating such acquired companies and their capabilities into our business. To advance such strategy, we have, in recent years, announced the acquisitions of reAlpha Nepal, AiChat, Hyperfast Title LLC (“Hyperfast”), Debt Does Deals, LLC (f/k/a Be My Neighbor and d/b/a reAlpha Mortgage) (“reAlpha Mortgage”) and Prevu, Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively, “Prevu”), as well as the proposed acquisition of InstaMortgage Inc. (“InstaMortgage”), which would expand our mortgage operations by adding direct lending capabilities. Although we previously announced and completed the acquisition of GTG Financial, Inc. (“GTG” or “GTG Financial”) during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, GTG is no longer one of our subsidiaries as of August 21, 2025 (the “Rescission Date”). For more information, see “Note 5–Business Combinations – Rescission of GTG Financial Acquisition” herein.

Before shifting our focus towards the development of our homebuying services and technology services, our operational model was asset-heavy and built on utilizing our proprietary AI-powered technology tools for the acquisition of real estate, converting them into short-term rentals, and enabling individual investors to acquire fractional interests in these real estate properties, allowing such investors to receive distributions based on the properties’ performance as a short-term rental. In the first quarter of 2024, we decided to halt these operations due to macroeconomic conditions, such as higher interest rates, inflation, and elevated property prices, which conditions persisted throughout the fiscal year 2024. This led us to sell our last real property asset for such operations, and to recognize the impairment of goodwill and intangible assets under the rental business segment. As a result, in the first quarter of 2025, our board of directors (the “Board”) approved the discontinuation of our short-term rental business operations entirely and this discontinuation meets the criteria for being reported as discontinued operations. We currently have two reportable segments: our homebuying services segment and our technology services segment.

Homebuying Services

Our homebuying services segment consists of our (i) realty services offered by our reAlpha Realty, LLC entities (collectively, “reAlpha Realty”) and Prevu; (ii) mortgage brokering services offered by reAlpha Mortgage and (iii) digital title and escrow services offered by Hyperfast. These services are mainly provided through the reAlpha platform, which supports homebuyers with key tasks such as booking property tours, submitting offer letters, mortgage pre-approval and closing transactions. It also provides detailed market insights and comprehensive property data tailored to users’ areas of interest.

We seek to differentiate ourselves from competitors primarily through the vertical integration of homebuying services (real estate brokerage, mortgage brokering, title and escrow services) within a single platform; the integration of AI into our homebuying services offerings and our rebate, which is further described below. We have integrated AI into our homebuying services offerings through our development of “Claire,” a proprietary, customer-facing AI-powered agent acting as a digital homebuying concierge, and internal AI-powered tools for our loan officers. “Claire” is powered by large language models and provides real-time customer support by answering questions and guiding customers through each step of the homebuying journey through a user-friendly, 24/7 web and iOS interface. “Claire” is complemented by licensed professionals, namely real estate agents and loan officers, who step in when their expertise is needed.

In addition to “Claire,” we use AI-powered internal tools, such as our proprietary AI-powered “Loan Officer Assistant,” which is intended to reduce manual review time for our loan officers, and the AI-powered “Engagement Agent,” which integrates with our customer relationship management system to automate certain intake and scheduling and other pre-application workflows for our loan officers. The “Loan Officer Assistant” automates key loan origination tasks, such as document collection and borrower communication and is designed to help loan officers manage higher volumes with greater efficiency while the “Engagement Agent” is designed to accelerate prospective borrower’s connection to loan officers for personalized support, improve prospective borrower engagement and reduce repetitive administrative work related to the intake, follow-up and scheduling processes.

As part of our strategy to differentiate ourselves from competitors and provide a customer-centric homebuying experience, we offer a rebate to homebuyers using the reAlpha platform.

Under our current rebate structure, homebuyers can receive a rebate of up to 1.0% of the home purchase price when using our realty services and an additional rebate of up to 0.5% of the home purchase price when bundling the mortgage brokering services with our realty services, in each case subject to the limitations, terms and conditions described in the buyer agreement (the “current commission rebate”). The current commission rebate is paid to the homebuyer as a rebate towards closing costs, which is reflected on the settlement statement at closing.

Prior to the implementation of the current commission rebate in mid-January 2026, we offered a rebate whereby eligible homebuyers could receive up to 75% of the buy-side brokerage commission paid in connection with the purchase of a home through the reAlpha platform as a rebate towards closing costs, subject to market-specific commissions and minimums (the “historic commission rebate”). The buy-side brokerage commission was dependent on the geographical market of the home purchased and the percentage of the historic commission rebate available to a homebuyer was determined based on their use of eligible integrated services offered via the reAlpha platform, such as realty, mortgage brokering, and digital title and escrow services. Under this model, homebuyers could receive a 25% rebate when using only realty services, 50% when using two services and 75% when using all three services. The update to the current commission rebate in mid-January 2026 was designed to make the rebate easier for customers to understand.

Currently, all three services (realty, mortgage brokering, and title services) are only available on the reAlpha platform for homebuyers in Florida and Virginia. However, two of the three services are offered to homebuyers in eight additional U.S. states, and at least one service is available in an additional 25 U.S. states and the District of Columbia. While our homebuying services are currently offered in 35 U.S. states and the District of Columbia, we plan to offer our homebuying services (and expand the capabilities of the reAlpha platform) nationwide, subject to factors such as acquiring and maintaining necessary real estate and mortgage licenses in each U.S. state and the District of Columbia, securing additional multiple listing service data, executing effective national marketing campaigns and building scalable technology infrastructure.

Technology Services

Our technology services segment includes: (i) software development services provided by reAlpha Nepal to us and third parties and (ii) the AI-powered conversational platform provided to customers by AiChat. We expect that our technology services segment will benefit from the current growth of the AI industry, and we believe that we are well-positioned to take advantage of these current trends due to our early adoption of AI for the development of our technologies.

reAlpha Nepal’s Software Development Services

reAlpha Nepal provides services related to the development of technology, AI and applications, as well as other technology support to the reAlpha platform and to third parties. For example, reAlpha Nepal developed the Company’s AI-powered tools such as the proprietary, customer-facing “Claire” and our internal AI-powered “Loan Officer Assistant” and “Engagement Agent.” reAlpha Nepal also provides monthly technology support services to third parties.

AiChat’s Conversational Platform

AiChat provides AI-powered conversational customer experience platforms in the Asia-Pacific (“APAC”) region. AiChat’s conversational platform enables businesses to automate and optimize customer service, marketing, and e-commerce processes through the integration of major messaging channels in the APAC region, including Facebook Messenger, WhatsApp, Instagram, LINE, and KakaoTalk. AiChat also offers customers the ability to integrate their e-commerce platforms with payment gateways, which is powered by Stripe’s financial infrastructure, enabling them to sell products via messaging channels such as WhatsApp Pay directly to their customers. Through these capabilities, AiChat is able to offer customers a comprehensive array of customer service solutions, ranging from customer inquiry and AI-powered recommendations via its AI agents and chatbot capabilities, to completing the purchase through WhatsApp.

AiChat’s technology is built on conversational and generative AI models, supporting over 270 languages, including regional languages like Singlish and Bahasa. The conversational platform incorporates features such as contextual memory, real-time analytics, and personalized messaging to facilitate customer interactions. Key functionalities of the platform include automated responses, lead qualification, and customer engagement automation. Further, its recently released next-generation AI agents, which include Voice AI and Agentic AI, can provide human-like interactions and personalize responses based on the context of previous conversations, remembering customer preferences and past interactions to deliver more relevant recommendations. With self-learning and multi-turn contextual awareness, AiChat’s next-generation AI agents can scale human-like interactions while maintaining brand consistency, which we believe can improve customer loyalty and overall customer service satisfaction.

AiChat generates revenue through subscription packages of its conversational platforms and next-generation AI agents. These packages are tailored to businesses based on their size, needs and the volume of customer interactions. AiChat offers flexible pricing models, including monthly and annual subscriptions, as well as performance-based pricing for specific integrations and services, such as automated marketing campaigns and e-commerce automation.

Our Growth Strategies

Our goal is to develop an end-to-end platform that streamlines homebuying transactions through integrated brokerage, mortgage brokering, and title services and utilizes sophisticated AI algorithms and tools that optimize the homebuying process for homebuyers. In order to advance this goal, we plan to grow our core business operations in the property technology (“proptech”) market by continuously innovating, improving and expanding the capabilities of our existing technology offerings, including the reAlpha platform, for such market.

Our growth strategies are focused on strategically acquiring companies that complement our current offerings and facilitating the development and deployment of AI-based technologies to serve homebuyers in the real estate industry. We have a strong focus on research and development (“R&D”), which is pursued through our internal efforts as well as strategic acquisitions of and investments in AI-related companies through a balanced opportunistic approach that includes (i) organic, (ii) inorganic and (iii) partner-driven components:

• Organic growth. Achieved through our internal R&D efforts. We are constantly working to improve the reAlpha platform, develop new and refine existing AI-based technologies, such as “Claire,” the AI-powered “Loan Officer Assistant” and “Engagement Agent,” and leverage technology to streamline the homebuying transaction process with the goal of providing our customers with the best possible experience when using our reAlpha platform.
• Inorganic growth. Achieved through strategic acquisitions of complementary businesses in the real estate and AI industries. Recognizing that the field of AI is rapidly evolving, and to position ourselves as a leader in leveraging AI to drive growth and create value to our stockholders, we actively seek out opportunities to acquire AI-driven technologies that complement our existing capabilities. By strategically integrating these acquisitions into our portfolio of standalone offerings or under the reAlpha platform, we can leverage their capabilities, expertise and intellectual property to accelerate our growth and expand our competitive advantage in the market.
• Partner-driven growth. Achieved through strategic investments in start-up companies that complement our existing offerings and enhance our AI-centric growth strategy. We pursue investment opportunities in companies whose technologies support innovation across our platform, including areas such as artificial intelligence and cybersecurity. Through these investments, we aim to strengthen our technological capabilities, expand our enterprise and operational capabilities, and enhance the breadth and functionality of the reAlpha platform (see “Research and Development” below).

Deepen our Technology Offerings to Customers

In order to continue innovating, and in addition to our internal R&D efforts, we target synergistic technologies and businesses in the proptech market, and we expect that the integration of such technologies and businesses will enable us to continue to grow our customer base and geographical reach and expand the operational capabilities of our technologies.

We focus on pursuing acquisitions of mainly revenue-generating entities falling into two primary categories: (i) services and (ii) products.

• Services. These acquisitions will serve the purpose of solidifying our core business of providing homebuying services through the reAlpha platform. We intend to focus on entities that offer various services related to the homebuying journey, including, but not limited to, mortgage and financing services, title insurance and lookup, moving services and escrow services.
• Products. We intend to pursue opportunities to acquire proptech companies focused on providing technology or AI solutions for distinct stages of the homebuying process, from property search, to mortgage or financings and post-closing services. We believe these entities will further enhance the reAlpha platform’s capabilities and improve the ability of our loan officers and real estate agents to complete transactions more efficiently, with the goal of offering a comprehensive, end-to-end platform that will streamline the homebuying process for customers.

In addition to pursuing strategic acquisitions, we have previously made investments in companies offering synergistic technologies. For example, in September 2021, we acquired a 25% stake in Carthagos Inc. (“Carthagos”), a company that provides services related to branding, marketing, and design. Additionally, in September 2024, we invested in XMore AI, Inc. (“XMore.AI”), a company that provides AI-driven cybersecurity solutions that is creating an AI product that consolidates multiple cybersecurity tools into one place, which we expect to integrate in our business to bolster our cybersecurity efforts in the future. Though such partner-driven growth is no longer the focus of our growth strategy, these investments reflect our commitment to innovation and the development of AI-based technologies.

Our Industry

The real estate market in the United States continued to be in a period of transition in 2025, adjusting to mortgage rates declining to nearly 6% by year-end amid moderating inflation and lingering economic uncertainty that continued to pressure affordability and contribute to broader economic uncertainty. This transition resulted in subdued sales at 30-year lows mainly in the single-family home segment, while multifamily market fundamentals were supported by continued renter demand and relatively stable occupancy levels. Nevertheless, the proptech market, which refers to the application of technology solutions within the real estate industry, experienced continued growth during 2025. In addition, because the proptech market is currently a fragmented landscape, characterized by the presence of thousands of solutions, each addressing a specific component within the life cycle of a real estate asset, we intend to position ourselves as a leader in that industry by offering homebuyers an end-to-end platform, the reAlpha platform, that assists and guides homebuyers in every step of the homebuying journey process, including realty, mortgage brokering, title and escrow services, market insights and other services and offerings provided through the reAlpha platform and our iOS application (Real Estate Super App).

Proptech Market Recent Trends and Developments

According to a report by Precedence Research, the total global proptech market size reached $47.08 billion in 2025, and Precedence Research anticipates that this market may grow to an estimated value of $185.31 billion by 2034. The industry is split into a wide range of categories including solutions for real estate professionals, financial technology software, brokerage and agent software, construction technologies, property and facility management, applications for investors and venture capitalists, and climate-related technologies.

The proptech market includes a wide range of innovative solutions that we believe have the potential to provide significant benefits to real estate professionals, loan officers and in various aspects of the broader real estate market, including:

• Increased Efficiency. Proptech solutions can streamline processes such as property search, transaction management, document collection, borrower communication and scheduling, potentially leading to cost savings and improved operational efficiency for all its intended users, such as buyers, sellers, real estate agents and loan officers.
• Enhanced Transparency. Technologies like virtual tours and data analytics platforms can increase transparency for buyers and sellers, allowing for more informed decision-making.
• Improved Accessibility. Proptech platforms can make access to the real estate market easier, particularly for first-time buyers or those in remote locations.
• Disruption of Traditional Models. Proptech has the potential to disrupt traditional brokerage models, with online platforms offering more cost-effective alternatives.

Macroeconomic factors also play a major role in the demand and financing for real estate services, and, in turn, a demand for solutions provided by proptech, which include:

• Interest Rates. In 2025, the United States Federal Reserve (the “Federal Reserve”) initially maintained the federal funds target range at 4.25%–4.50% through mid-year, including at the January and July meetings, before implementing a series of reductions in the latter part of the year, lowering the range to 4.00%–4.25% in September, 3.75%–4.00% in October and 3.50%–3.75% in December. Following these interest rate reductions, mortgage application activity showed periodic increases in late 2025 and early 2026, with industry data indicating that overall mortgage application volumes increased by more than 20% on a week-over-week basis during early January 2026 and purchase mortgage applications increased by mid-teen percentages from prior levels. In addition, mortgage applications for new home purchases increased by approximately 2.5% on a year-over-year basis towards the end of 2025, reflecting modest improvement in new home purchase activity toward year-end. Despite these increases, mortgage application levels remained below longer-term historical averages, even as affordability metrics showed signs of improvement, reflecting that affordability conditions had not yet returned to levels sufficient to support a full recovery in mortgage demand.
• Inflation. Inflation continued to affect the purchasing power of homebuyers through 2025, influencing housing affordability, monthly payment burdens, and broader household budgeting considerations relevant to home purchase decisions. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Consumer Price Index for all items increased by 2.7% throughout 2025, reflecting a moderation in inflation compared to prior years but remaining above the Federal Reserve’s long-term target. While easing inflationary pressures and declining interest rates towards the end of 2025 provided some relief to prospective homebuyers, elevated prices for housing, goods, and services continued to impact consumers’ savings capacity and affordability considerations for individuals evaluating homeownership.
• Maturing Debt. According to S&P Global Market Intelligence reports from late 2025, approximately $936 billion of U.S. commercial real estate mortgages mature in 2026, up 18.6% from 2025. The effect of this debt maturing could lead to significant challenges and impacts on the commercial real estate market and financial sector. This substantial amount of debt maturing in a single year raises concerns about the refinancing of properties purchased at lower mortgage rates, potential increase in loan default levels and broader economic repercussions. For instance, the maturity of such a large volume of commercial real estate debt can strain borrowers who may face difficulties refinancing or repaying these loans, potentially leading to an increase in defaults.
• Economic Uncertainty. Recent economic indicators reflect continued uncertainty in the U.S. economic environment, including moderated economic growth, easing but still elevated inflation levels, and financial conditions that remain restrictive relative to historical norms. While inflationary pressures moderated during 2025, elevated price levels and borrowing costs continued to affect consumer purchasing power and spending behavior. In addition, labor market conditions showed signs of gradual cooling, and business and consumer sentiment remained sensitive to changes in monetary policy, financial market conditions, and broader macroeconomic developments. Recent trade policy actions, including the imposition or continuation of tariffs on certain goods, have also contributed to cost pressures and uncertainty for consumers and businesses. Collectively, these factors contribute to ongoing uncertainty in interest-rate-sensitive sectors such as housing and may affect homebuyer confidence, transaction activity, and demand for technology-enabled real estate solutions, as consumers may remain cautious when making large financial commitments amid evolving economic conditions.
• Cyclicality and Seasonality. Residential real estate activity in the United States is inherently cyclical and exhibits seasonal patterns. Transaction volumes and financing activity generally fluctuate in response to broader economic conditions, including changes in interest rates, inflation, employment trends, and consumer confidence, and tend to vary over economic cycles. In addition, residential real estate markets historically experience higher levels of activity during the spring and summer months and lower levels of activity during the fall and winter months. These cyclical and seasonal characteristics are widely observed across the housing industry and influence overall market activity and transaction dynamics.

Real Estate Market Recent Trends and Developments

The real estate market in 2025 experienced changes primarily influenced by ongoing economic conditions, elevated mortgage rates, and a constrained housing supply. Despite persistent high mortgage rates, which averaged between 6% and 7% for much of the year, demand for single-family homes remained relatively stable, contributing to a modest increase in U.S. home prices of approximately 1.7% year-over-year. Existing home sales activity, however, remained near historical lows, with total transactions hovering around four million units, reflecting continued affordability pressures and limited turnover among existing homeowners.

At the same time, market conditions in 2025 reflected a slower home sales transaction rate and increasing time on market as affordability pressures persisted. According to national housing inventory data, the median number of days that homes remained on the market increased to approximately 73 days by the end of 2025, compared with shorter listing times in prior years, indicating reduced transaction urgency. Active housing inventory also grew during the year, with Realtor.com reporting a double-digit year-over-year increase in listings, although total supply remained below long-term historical levels, thereby limiting significant downward pressure on prices. These trends, combined with a higher incidence of price adjustments in specific markets, underscored a slower overall market pace and more balanced market conditions relative to recent years.

Technological advances continued to reshape the real estate landscape in 2025. For instance, the integration of digital tools such as virtual listing, viewing and online closings became increasingly common, streamlining the buying and selling process. This trend not only enhanced accessibility but also catered to changing consumer expectations for convenience and efficiency in real estate transactions. Furthermore, legislative changes aimed at increasing the housing supply, including new regulations supporting accessory dwelling units, are expected to provide more affordable options for buyers in the coming years.

Overall, the real estate market in 2025 reflected a combination of price stability, moderated demand, and continued affordability challenges amid evolving economic and market conditions. As we move forward, understanding these dynamics will be crucial for adapting strategies and offerings within the market.

Research and Development

The industry in which we operate and compete is subject to rapid technological developments, evolving industry standards, changes in customer requirements and competitive new products and features. As a result, we believe our success, in part, will depend on our ability to build and enhance our technology and AI capabilities in a timely and efficient manner and to develop and introduce those technologies. To achieve these objectives, we have made research and development investments and acquisitions to facilitate the development of our technologies, and we may explore in the future third-party licensing agreements.

As an example, we acquired reAlpha Nepal in May 2024, a company that provides services related to the development of technology, AI and applications, as well as other technology support as needed. reAlpha Nepal, to date, has assisted us in research and development of our proprietary algorithms and other technologies. Additionally, through investments, we collaborate with other companies. For instance, in September 2021, we acquired a 25% stake in Carthagos. Carthagos provides services related to branding, marketing and design. Additionally, in September 2024, we invested in XMore.AI, a company that provides AI-driven cybersecurity solutions that is creating an AI product that consolidates multiple cybersecurity tools into one place, which we expect to integrate in our business to bolster our cybersecurity efforts in the future. These smaller investments and acquisitions serve as the initial steps towards expanding our footprint and realizing our vision for growth.

To further facilitate our research and development efforts, as well as business operations, in 2021 we opened reAlpha Techcorp Private Limited (“reAlpha India”), our international office located in Bengaluru, India operating under our majority-owned subsidiary. reAlpha India provides back-office support such as marketing, finance and accounting services.

Competition and Competitive Strengths

We face competition from different sources in our technology services segment. We believe that we will continue to face competition from other companies, including large technology companies and smaller, new real estate technology entrants while developing our AI-based technologies.

Real Estate Technology Market

The market in which we operate our business is rapidly evolving, competitive and has relatively low barriers to entry. As a result, there are a number of established and emerging competitors in the proptech market. For instance, we would face competition from other real estate platform companies such as Opendoor Technologies Inc. (NASDAQ: OPEN) (“Opendoor”), Offerpad Solutions Inc. (NYSE: OPAD), Zillow (NASDAQ: Z) (“Zillow”), Rocket Mortgage, LLC (NYSE: RKT) (“Rocket Mortgage”) and Homes.com, as well as a range of emerging new entrants such as Tryhoma, Linkhome AI and FlyHomes, Inc. (“Flyhomes”). These platforms offer a variety of solutions and services to homebuyers, and we may compete with these companies in both the real estate mortgage brokerage industry or real estate technology market.

Key factors that affect our competitive position in the real estate technology market include:

• our technology’s features, quality and functionality being developed;
• security and trust;
• geographic availability of our real estate services; and
• brand quality and recognition.

We believe that our principal competitive advantage is the vertical integration of real estate brokerage, mortgage brokering, title and escrow services within a single AI-powered platform – namely, the reAlpha platform. The reAlpha platform is designed to provide an end-to-end homebuying experience that enables a homebuyer to search for a property, obtain mortgage financing, and close title and escrow services through a unified workflow. Through our subsidiaries and acquired businesses, we currently hold real estate brokerage licenses in 13 U.S. states and Washington, D.C., mortgage brokerage licenses in 31 U.S. states, and title agency licenses in 3 U.S. states. If the proposed acquisition of InstaMortgage is consummated, we expect to add direct mortgage lending capabilities, which we believe would further differentiate our business by allowing us to capture origination revenue in addition to brokerage fees. We also offer eligible homebuyers the current commission rebate, which allows eligible homebuyers to receive a portion of the broker commission as a credit at closing. We believe this rebate is responsive to increasing customer demand for transparency in real estate transaction costs following the implementation of practice changes in connection with the National Association of Realtors® (“NAR”) settlement.

In addition, “Claire,” our proprietary customer-facing digital homebuying concierge, is integrated into the reAlpha platform to provide real-time buyer support by answering questions and guiding users through each step of the homebuying journey, which we believe will improve customer engagement relative to traditional brokerage models. Our internal AI-powered “Loan Officer Assistant” and “Engagement Assistant” are designed to enhance the productivity of our loan officers and reduce administrative burdens. The “Loan Officer Assistant” automates the classification, extraction, and validation of borrower documents and serves as a quality-control layer that flags inconsistencies before files advance to underwriting, which we believe reduces manual review time per loan and allows loan officers to dedicate more time to customer-facing activities. Our internal AI-powered “Engagement Assistant” integrates with our customer relationship management system to automate lead intake, borrower qualification, appointment scheduling, and personalized follow-up communications, enabling timely initial outreach to prospective borrowers and consistent engagement informed by borrower intent signals. We believe these AI-powered tools address a critical gap in the mortgage origination process, as industry research suggests that response time is a significant driver of borrower conversion, and our AI-enabled workflow is designed to ensure that qualified leads receive prompt attention and are efficiently routed to licensed loan officers.

“Claire,” the internal AI-powered “Loan Officer Assistant” and the internal AI-powered “Engagement Agent” are intended to reduce customer acquisition costs, improve lead-to-close conversion rates, and create a more streamlined homebuying process for customers and a differentiated recruitment proposition for experienced loan officers. However, many of our current and potential competitors have significantly greater financial, technical, marketing, and other resources than we do, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to compete effectively or that our competitive advantages will be sustained.

As we navigate the competitive landscape, we remain committed to continuously enhancing our technology offerings, fortifying our security measures, and leveraging the advantages of AI-based technologies.

Intellectual Property

We are currently developing multiple technologies. Rights to those technologies belong only to us. To protect our intellectual property, we have filed for trademarks and patents, when possible, and protect our intellectual property as trade-secrets where meaningful patent protection cannot be achieved.

As of the date hereof, we have registered trademarks for “ReAlpha,” “Invest in Real,” “P PREVU” and “Real Estate Super App.” We permitted the lapse of our “No Fees, Just Keys” U.S. trademark in August 2025, amongst others, following changes to our business model. Our non-provisional patent for “reAlpha BRAIN” filed on September 14, 2022, has also been abandoned; but we may apply for other patents in the future.

Trademarks

Our U.S. trademark registrations and applications are reflected in the chart below. We are also using certain other marks that have not been registered, such as reAlpha AI. We may choose to add new or retire old trademarks for our technologies as we continue to grow our business.

U.S. Trademark Registrations and Applications(1)

(1) The trademarks listed represent our material trademark registrations and pending applications. The table is not intended to be a comprehensive list of all trademark applications or registrations. We may pursue additional trademark applications or discontinue use of certain marks in the ordinary course of business.

(2) A trademark registration does not expire after a set period of time, and may remain in effect as long as the owner continues to use the trademark in commerce and timely files the required registration maintenance documents.

Patents

We may apply for patents when applicable to try to protect intellectual property related to our technologies, algorithms and platforms.

Trade Secrets and Contractual Protections

Beyond formal registrations, we protect our proprietary methodologies, AI models, algorithms, and strategic data assets through strict internal controls. These protections include confidentiality agreements, employee invention assignment agreements, and non-disclosure agreements with business partners.

We recognize that the technology landscape is rapidly evolving, and as such, we remain committed to strengthening and expanding our intellectual property portfolio. By continuously developing, acquiring, and protecting our proprietary assets, we aim to maintain a competitive advantage while supporting the long-term growth of our business.

Sales and Marketing

We have a dedicated marketing department responsible for various aspects of our marketing initiatives and strategies. Our marketing department’s primary responsibilities include:

• managing all advertising and content creation efforts, including the development and execution of targeted marketing campaigns. The marketing department works closely with internal teams and external agencies to create engaging and informative content that showcases our value proposition, products, and services. This content is distributed through various channels, such as social media, email marketing, and paid advertising, to reach a wide audience;
• collaborating with the technology team to ensure optimal product design and user experience, tailoring the products and services to effectively meet customer needs and expectations;
• managing and maintaining our corporate website, ensuring a seamless digital experience for users; and
• overseeing the press team and lead efforts to build and strengthen our brand. This includes crafting compelling narratives, managing media relations, and generating positive coverage of our business.

Governmental Regulation

We operate in heavily regulated industries that are highly focused on consumer protection. This extensive regulatory framework includes U.S. federal, state and local laws and regulations, and corresponding governmental authorities, such as federal and state agencies, that have broad oversight, supervision, and enforcement authority over our business. We are also regulated by private real estate groups and/or trade organizations.

The descriptions below are summaries only and are qualified in their entirety by reference to the full text of the laws and regulations discussed. For additional information on government regulation, including without limitation, government regulation related to AI, cybersecurity and data privacy, see “Risk Factors––Risks Related to Our Business and Operations” and “––Risks Related to Our Technologies and Industry” herein.

Regulation of Realty Brokerage Services

Several federal laws and regulations govern the real estate brokerage business, including the Fair Housing Act (“FHA”), the Americans with Disabilities Act and the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act of 1974 (as amended, “RESPA”). The FHA, which applies to real estate brokers and agents, prohibits discriminating or expressing any preference based on race, religion, sex, disability, and certain other protected characteristics in the purchase or sale of home. The FHA applies broadly to many forms of advertising and communications. RESPA and similar state anti-kickback statutes require lenders, mortgage agents, and servicers of home loans to timely provide consumers certain disclosures relating to the nature and costs of the real estate settlement services (e.g., real estate brokerage services, mortgage loan origination, title insurance, escrow and closing services), including the disclosure of certain relationships and financial interests in providers of real estate settlement services if a referral is made. RESPA and state anti-kickback statutes also generally prohibit the provision of things of value such as cash rebates, gifts and other inducements, if doing so is part of an agreement or understanding that settlement services business be referred. While the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (the “CFPB”) enforces RESPA in accordance with the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”), state authorities also have certain RESPA enforcement rights. RESPA compliance is of significant importance to us and our integrated services business.

In addition to the federal regulation, real estate brokerage businesses are also regulated at the state level by agencies dedicated to real estate matters or professional services. While real estate brokerage licensing laws vary from state to state, individuals and entities acting as real estate brokers or salespersons generally must be licensed in each state where they operate. In all states, licensed agents must be affiliated with a broker of record, managing broker, designated broker or similar licensee to engage in licensed real estate brokerage activities. Generally, a brokerage must obtain a corporate real estate broker license, although in some jurisdictions the licenses are personal to individual brokers. The broker of record in all jurisdictions must actively supervise the individual licensees and the brokerage’s activities within the applicable jurisdiction.

All licensed market participants, whether individuals or entities, must follow the jurisdiction’s real estate licensing laws and regulations. These laws and regulations generally detail minimum duties, obligations, and standards of conduct, including requirements related to contracts, disclosures, record-keeping, local offices, trust funds, agency representation, advertising, and fair housing. In each of the jurisdictions where our business operates, we have designated a properly licensed broker as the broker of record and, where required, we also hold a corporate real estate broker’s license.

Beyond federal, state and local governmental regulations, the real estate industry is subject to rules established by private real estate groups and/or trade organizations, including, among others, state Associations of REALTORS®, and local Associations of REALTORS®, NAR, and local Multiple Listing Services (“MLS”). “REALTOR” and “REALTORS” are registered trademarks of NAR.

Each private real estate group generally has prescribed policies, bylaws, codes of ethics or conduct, and fees and rules governing the actions of members in dealings with other members, customers and the public, as well as how the organization’s brand and services may or might not be deployed or displayed.

Regulation of Mortgage Brokering Services

Our mortgage business is required to be licensed in all 31 U.S. states in which it operates and to comply with the respective laws and regulations of each such jurisdiction, as well as with applicable judicial and administrative decisions. The licensing process includes the submission of an application to the relevant state agency, a character and fitness review of key individuals, registration of application and documentation through the Nationwide Multistate Licensing System and Registry (“NMLS”) or the applicable state mortgage regulator to ensure compliance with the Secure and Fair Enforcement for Mortgage Licensing Act of 2008, and an administrative review of our business operations.

In addition, the government-sponsored enterprises Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and the Federal Housing Finance Agency, Ginnie Mae, the Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”), the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, including the Federal Housing Administration, the CFPB, non-agency securitization trustees and others subject us to periodic reviews and audits.

The comprehensive body of federal, state, and local laws to which our mortgage brokerage business is subject to is continually evolving and developing. Our mortgage business must comply with a number of federal, state and local consumer protection laws including, among others, the Truth in Lending Act (“TILA”), RESPA, the Equal Credit Opportunity Act (“ECOA”), the Fair Credit Reporting Act (“FCRA”), the FHA, the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 (“GLBA”), the Electronic Fund Transfer Act, and the Homeowners Protection Act. The Dodd-Frank Act also increased regulation of the mortgage industry, including: (i) generally prohibiting lenders from making residential mortgage loans unless a good faith determination is made of a borrower’s creditworthiness based on verified and documented information; (ii) requiring the CFPB to enact regulations to help assure that consumers are provided with timely and understandable information about residential mortgage loans that protect them against unfair, deceptive and abusive practices; and (iii) requiring federal regulators to establish minimum national underwriting guidelines for residential mortgages.

Under the Dodd-Frank Act, the CFPB is authorized to engage in rulemaking and examination activity with respect to consumer financial products and services (including mortgage finance) and to enforce compliance with federal consumer financial laws, including TILA and RESPA. The CFPB has issued myriad rules, including TILA-RESPA Integrated Disclosure rules, which impose significant obligations on our mortgage business. The CFPB has been active in supervision and enforcement and continues to adopt new and amend existing regulations within its purview.

In addition, the manner in which we may advertise our business, operations and the reAlpha platform, among others, in various media channels may also be regulated by the Mortgage Acts and Practices Advertising Rule, which prohibits deceptive or false mortgage advertising.

Regulation of Digital Title and Escrow Services

Through our subsidiary Hyperfast, we provide digital title and escrow services in three U.S. states. Title insurance and escrow/settlement services typically require licensure and are heavily regulated, often through a state’s insurance regulator or other regulatory body. In a number of states, insurance rates are either promulgated by the state directly or are required to be filed with each state by the agent or underwriter. Some states also promulgate the split of title insurance premiums between the agent and underwriter.

As part of the licensing process, states may also mandate certain minimum financial requirements for net worth and working capital. In some states, no person may acquire control, directly or indirectly, of a title company unless the person has provided required information to, and the acquisition is approved or not disapproved by, the relevant regulator. Additionally, some states have “controlled business” statutes which generally require that a title agent seek or obtain a certain amount of business from unaffiliated brokerages.

Foreign Laws and Regulations

Furthermore, our acquisitions of reAlpha Nepal and AiChat have made us subject to certain foreign laws, regulations and rules which have additional and distinct oversight, supervision, and enforcement requirements. As an example, in many cases, our products and services are or may in the future be subject to U.S. export control laws and regulations and subject to trade and economic sanctions maintained by the Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”). We are also subject to export control and trade sanctions laws and regulations in the European Union (the “EU”), Singapore and other jurisdictions in which we and our subsidiaries may operate. As such, an export license may be required to export or re-export our technology and services to certain countries or end-users, or for certain end-uses, especially AI technologies, such as those involving sensitive customer data or proprietary algorithms. If we were to fail to comply with such U.S. export controls laws and regulations, U.S. economic sanctions, or other similar laws or regulations in other jurisdictions, we could be subject to both civil and criminal penalties, including substantial fines, possible incarceration for employees and managers for willful violations, and the possible loss of our export or import privileges.

Our international presence also subjects us to additional employment, tax, data protection, and intellectual property risks, including risks related to permanent establishment, misclassification, and inconsistent enforcement across jurisdictions, which could increase our operating costs, expose us to penalties, or impair our ability to operate efficiently.

We continue to work diligently to assess and understand the implications of the regulatory environment in which we operate and the regulatory changes that we are facing. We devote substantial resources to regulatory compliance, including operational and system costs, while at the same time striving to meet the needs and expectations of our customers.

Human Capital

We believe that our long-term success is dependent upon attracting, developing and retaining talented employees, and maintaining a culture that allows each employee to do their best work. We value integrity, accountability, collaboration, creativity, respect and transparency as central to our core values.

As of December 31, 2025, we had 54 full-time employees in the United States, 32 full-time employees in Nepal, 14 full-time employees in Singapore, and 13 full-time employees in India.

National Loan Officer Recruitment Program

In December 2025, reAlpha Mortgage, our mortgage brokering subsidiary, launched a national Loan Officer Recruitment Program designed to attract experienced, high-producing residential mortgage loan officers across the United States. The program offers equity-based compensation in the form of restricted stock unit (“RSU”) awards, granted pursuant to the 2022 Equity Incentive Plan (as amended and as may be further amended from time to time, the “2022 Plan”), to eligible loan officers with verified trailing twelve-month production who join reAlpha Mortgage. RSU awards vest over a four-year period, subject to continued employment and other conditions, and are intended to align the interests of recruited loan officers with our long-term growth objectives. In addition to equity incentives, the program provides recruited loan officers with access to in-house lead generation, comprehensive onboarding and product training (including specialized training for VA lending), and our internal AI-powered tools, including our proprietary “Loan Officer Assistant” and our “Engagement Assistant,” which are designed to streamline document workflows, enhance lead qualification and follow-up, and reduce administrative overhead. We believe this recruitment program will support our goal of scaling mortgage origination volume, expanding our licensed loan officer network, and strengthening the integration of our real estate and mortgage operations.

We are subject to various risks that may materially harm our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations. An investment in our common stock is speculative and involves a high degree of risk. In evaluating an investment in shares of our common stock, you should carefully consider the risks described below, together with the other information included in this report.

The risks described below are not the only risks we face. If any of the events described in the following risk factors actually occurs, or if additional risks and uncertainties later materialize that are not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial, then our business, prospects, results of operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected. In that event, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment in our shares. The risks discussed below include forward-looking statements, and our actual results may differ substantially from those discussed in these forward-looking statements

Summary of Risk Factors

The following summarizes the principal risks that could materially affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and stock price. This summary highlights key risks but does not address all potential risks. Further, this summary should be read together with the text of the risk factors set forth immediately after the summary, and both the summary and text of the risk factors should be read together with the other information set forth in this report, including our consolidated financial statements and the related notes.

Risks Related to Our Business and Operations

• We have a limited operating history, which may adversely affect us.
• We have a history of operating losses, and we may not be able to generate sufficient revenue to achieve and sustain profitability.
• If we are unable to successfully identify, consummate or integrate acquisitions into our operations, our business, results of operations, and financial condition could be adversely affected.
• We may be unable to obtain financing through the debt and equity markets on terms favorable to us or at all, which would have a material adverse effect on our growth strategy, our financial condition and results of operations.
• We have integrated, and intend to continue to integrate, AI in our operations and services which may result in operational challenges, compliance challenges, reputational concerns, privacy risks and competitive risks, which could have material adverse effects on our financial condition, results of operations, or reputation.
• We process, store, and use personal information and other data, which subjects us to governmental regulation and other legal obligations related to data privacy, and any actual or perceived failure to comply with these privacy obligations could result in a claim for damages, regulatory action, loss of business, and/or unfavorable publicity
• Our financial results are highly dependent on broader macroeconomic and U.S. residential real estate market conditions, which are seasonal and cyclical in nature.
• Our business is subject to various laws and regulations, including financial protections and securities laws.
• Our financial condition raises substantial doubt as to our ability to continue as a going concern.

Risk Factors Related to the Proposed Merger with InstaMortgage

• If the conditions to the Proposed Merger are not satisfied or waived prior to the Outside Date, the Proposed Merger may be delayed or may not occur.
• Failure to complete, or delays in completing, the Proposed Merger could materially and adversely affect our results of operations, business, financial results and/or common stock price.
• To the extent we consummate the Proposed Merger, we may not be able to successfully integrate the business and operations of InstaMortgage or other entities that we have acquired or may acquire in the future into our ongoing business operations, which may result in our inability to fully realize the intended benefits of this proposed transaction, or may disrupt our current operations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position and/or results of operations.

Risks Related to Our Technologies and Industry

• Our business depends significantly on the health of the U.S. residential real estate industry and changes in general economic conditions.
• The business and industry in which we participate are highly competitive, and we may be unable to compete successfully with our current or future competitors.
• The reAlpha platform and our services are currently limited to certain geographic markets and if we are unable to successfully expand the reAlpha platform and our services to new markets, our growth prospects, results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected.
• Our technologies that are currently being developed may not yield expected results or be delivered on time.
• The implementation of AI into our technologies may prove to be more difficult than anticipated and may adversely affect our business.
• The use of new and evolving technologies, such as AI, in our operations may require us to expend material resources for compliance and may present risks and challenges that can impact our business including by posing security and other risks to our confidential information, proprietary information and personal information, any of which may result in reputational harm and liability, or otherwise adversely affect our business.
• Our success is based on our ability to commercialize and continuously improve our technologies and the reAlpha platform to our customers in the real estate industry and any inability to achieve these outcomes would adversely impact our business.
• If we fail to comply with the rules, compliance requirements and data license agreements of MLSs, we may be unable to obtain and provide comprehensive and accurate real estate listing data, which could materially and adversely affect our business.

Risks Related to Our Securities

• The market price and trading volume of our common stock may continue to be highly volatile, which could lead to a loss of all or part of a stockholder’s investment.
• We have experienced, and expect to continue to experience, significant dilution of our common stock, which may adversely affect the market price of our common stock and make it more difficult to raise capital in the future.
• If we fail to regain compliance with the continued listing requirements of Nasdaq, our common stock could be delisted and the price and liquidity of our common stock may be adversely affected.
• We do not expect to pay dividends to our common stock holders for the foreseeable future.
• We are an emerging growth company and a smaller reporting company and intend to take advantage of reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies, which could make the common stock less attractive to investors.

Risks Related to Our Cryptocurrency Investment Policy and Treasury Strategy

• Our cryptocurrency investment policy exposes us to various risks associated with cryptocurrencies.

Risks Related to Our Business and Operations

We have a limited operating history, which may adversely affect us.

We have a limited operating history and face challenges that companies with a substantial operation history do not, such as the perception of a “higher-risk profile.” As a result, it may be more difficult for us to bind coverage with insurance carriers, achieve better rates from service providers or lenders, attract talent, and in times of high interest rates and mounting inflation, to obtain new capital, maintain high credit rating, and utilize leverage. An investment in our common stock entails more risk than an investment in the common stock of a company with a substantial operating history. If we are unable to operate our business successfully as a result of these challenges or other challenges, you could lose all or a portion of your investment in our common stock. Our ability to successfully operate our business depends on many factors, including:

• our ability to obtain additional capital;
• economic conditions in the markets where we operate, including the condition of the financial and real estate markets and the economy in general;
• our ability to attract and retain customers for our homebuying services;
• the availability of, and our ability to identify, attractive acquisition opportunities consistent with our growth strategy;
• our ability to compete with other companies in the real estate solutions and proptech markets;
• costs that are beyond our control, including litigation, legal compliance and others;
• population, employment or homeownership trends in our markets; and
• interest rate levels and volatility, such as the accessibility of short- and long-term financing on desirable terms.

We have a history of operating losses, and we may not be able to generate sufficient revenue to achieve and sustain profitability.

We have not achieved profitability and have incurred losses since inception. For the year ended December 31, 2025, we recorded a net loss of $17,590,392. For the year ended December 31, 2024, we recorded a net loss of $26,022,349, which includes a loss of $18,339,635 from discontinued operations related to our former rental business and operations of our subsidiary, Rhove, and a loss of $7,682,714 from continuing operations. As of December 31, 2025, we had an accumulated deficit of $55,980,534 and outstanding indebtedness of $384,597. While we have experienced revenue growth over recent periods, we may not be able to sustain or increase our growth or achieve profitability in the future. We intend to continue to invest diligently in sales and marketing efforts. In addition, we expect to incur significant additional legal, accounting, compliance and other expenses related to public company compliance and the expansion of our business. If our revenue fails to grow at a rate faster than these increases in our operating expenses, we will not be able to achieve and maintain profitability in future periods. As a result, we may continue to generate losses. Additionally, we may encounter unforeseen operating expenses, difficulties, complications, delays, and other unknown factors that may result in losses in future periods. If these losses exceed our expectations or our revenue growth expectations are not met in future periods, our financial performance will be harmed.

If we are unable to successfully identify, consummate or integrate acquisitions into our operations, our business, results of operations, and financial condition could be adversely affected.

We have completed several acquisitions in recent years and intend to continue pursuing strategic acquisitions of synergistic businesses and/or technologies as part of our growth strategy. We have also entered into a definitive agreement to acquire InstaMortgage, which is expected to close in the first half of 2026, subject to regulatory approvals and other customary closing conditions. Acquisitions take considerable time to develop, particularly in regulated industries, and involve a number of risks, including the risk that we enter into negotiations for acquisitions that result in the diversion of management time and significant out-of-pocket costs and are not ultimately consummated.

Our ability to continue to make acquisitions will depend upon our success at identifying suitable targets at acceptable prices, which requires substantial judgment in assessing an acquisition target’s values, strengths, weaknesses, liabilities, and potential profitability, as well as the availability of capital. In the future, we may not be able to find suitable acquisition targets, and we may not be able to complete acquisitions on favorable terms or at all. Any of the foregoing factors could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

In addition, we may not be successful in integrating acquisitions or the businesses we acquire may not perform as well as we expect. For example, we completed the acquisition of GTG Financial, a mortgage brokerage, on February 20, 2025. The acquisition of GTG Financial was rescinded on August 21, 2025. As a result of the rescission, we returned to the seller of GTG Financial 100% of the issued and outstanding shares of GTG Financial and the seller returned to us 14,063 shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Series A Preferred Stock”) and 700,055 shares of our common stock and GTG Financial was no longer one of our subsidiaries.

Any future failure to manage and successfully integrate acquired businesses could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition. Acquisitions involve numerous risks, including the following:

• difficulties in integrating and managing the combined operations, technology platforms and realizing the anticipated economic, operational, and other benefits in a timely manner, which could result in substantial costs and delays, and failure to execute on the intended strategy and synergies;
• failure of the acquired businesses to achieve anticipated revenue, earnings, or cash flow;
• diversion of management’s attention or other resources from our existing business;
• our inability to maintain the key customers, business relationships, suppliers, and brand potential of acquired businesses;
• uncertainty of entry into businesses or geographies in which we have limited or no prior experience or in which competitors have stronger positions;
• unanticipated costs associated with pursuing acquisitions or greater than expected costs in integrating the acquired businesses;
• responsibility for the liabilities of acquired businesses, including those that were not disclosed to us or exceed our estimates, such as liabilities arising out of the failure to maintain effective data protection and privacy controls, and liabilities arising out of the failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations, including tax laws;
• difficulties in or costs associated with assigning or transferring to us or our subsidiaries the acquired companies’ intellectual property or its licenses to third-party intellectual property;
• inability to maintain our culture and values, ethical standards, controls, procedures, and policies;
• challenges in integrating the workforce of acquired companies and the potential loss of key employees of the acquired companies;
• challenges in integrating and auditing the financial statements of acquired companies that have not historically prepared financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”); and
• potential accounting charges to the extent goodwill and intangible assets recorded in connection with an acquisition, such as trademarks, customer relationships, or intellectual property, are later determined to be impaired and written down in value.

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Acquisitions may be financed, in whole or in part, through the issuance of equity securities, which would result in dilution to existing stockholders, or through the incurrence of additional indebtedness, which could increase our leverage and reduce our financial flexibility. In addition, the use of cash to fund acquisitions would reduce our available liquidity and may limit our ability to fund other strategic initiatives, respond to business opportunities or withstand adverse economic conditions. Even if successfully consummated, acquisitions may be more costly than anticipated, may not achieve anticipated benefits, or may result in unanticipated costs or liabilities, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We may be unable to obtain financing through the debt and equity capital markets on terms favorable to us or at all, which would have a material adverse effect on our growth strategy, our financial condition and our results of operations.

Our ability to execute our growth strategy and meet our liquidity needs depends in part on our access to the debt and equity capital markets. Adverse market conditions, volatility in the capital markets, declines in our stock price, changes in investor sentiment, interest rate increases, or factors specific to our business or industry could impair our ability to raise capital on terms favorable to us or at all. In addition, so long as our public float remains below $75 million, we are subject to the “baby shelf” limitations under General Instruction I.B.6 of Form S-3, which restricts the amount of securities we may sell under a shelf registration statement in any 12-month period to one-third of our public float. This limitation may constrain the amount of capital we can raise through registered shelf offerings and may require us to rely on alternative, potentially more costly or time-consuming offering structures, such as registration statements on Form S-1. If we are unable to obtain additional financing when needed or on terms favorable to us, management may be unable to execute its plans and we may be required to delay strategic initiatives, including acquisitions and investments in our business, or forego opportunities that would otherwise support our growth. To the extent we raise capital through the issuance of equity, existing stockholders may experience dilution, and any debt financing could increase our leverage, require restrictive covenants, or otherwise limit our financial flexibility. If we are unable to secure financing when we needed, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

We are subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations and rules issued by the CFPB that monitor the loan origination and servicing sectors, which may increase our regulatory compliance burden and associated costs.

reAlpha Mortgage, our mortgage brokering subsidiary, is subject to the regulatory, supervisory and examination authority of the CFPB, which has oversight of federal and state non-depository lending and servicing institutions, including residential mortgage originators and loan servicers. The CFPB has rulemaking authority with respect to many of the federal consumer protection laws applicable to mortgage lenders and servicers, including TILA, RESPA and the Fair Debt Collections Practices Act. The CFPB has issued a number of regulations under the Dodd-Frank Act relating to loan origination and servicing activities, including ability to repay and “qualified mortgage” standards and other origination standards and practices.

The CFPB’s examinations have increased, and will likely continue to increase, reAlpha Mortgage’s administrative and compliance costs. They could also greatly influence the availability and cost of residential mortgage credit and increase servicing costs and risks. These increased costs of compliance, the effect of these rules on the lending industry and loan servicing, and any failure in our mortgage business’ ability to comply with the new rules by their effective dates, could be detrimental to our business. The CFPB also issued guidelines on sending examiners to banks and other institutions that service and/or originate mortgages to assess whether consumers’ interests are protected. The CFPB also has broad enforcement powers, and can order, among other things, rescission or reformation of contracts, the refund of monies or the return of real property, restitution, disgorgement or compensation for unjust enrichment, the payment of damages or other monetary relief, public notifications regarding violations, limits on activities or functions, remediation of practices, external compliance monitoring and civil monetary penalties. The CFPB has been active in investigations and enforcement actions and, when necessary, has issued civil monetary penalties to parties the CFPB determines has violated the laws and regulations it enforces.

Additionally, anti-discrimination statutes, such as the FHA and the ECOA, prohibit creditors from discriminating against loan applicants and borrowers based on certain characteristics, such as race, religion and national origin, among others. Various federal regulatory agencies and departments, including the U.S. Department of Justice and the CFPB, take the position that these laws apply not only to intentional discrimination, but also to neutral practices that have a disparate impact on a group that shares a characteristic that a creditor may not consider in making credit decisions (i.e., creditor or servicing practices that have a disproportionate negative effect on a protected class of individuals). These regulatory agencies, as well as consumer advocacy groups and plaintiffs’ attorneys, are focusing greater attention on “disparate impact” claims. Regulatory agencies and private plaintiffs are expected to apply the “disparate impact” theory to both the FHA and the ECOA in the context of mortgage lending and servicing, among others. To the extent that the “disparate impact” theory continues to apply, it may significantly increase our administrative burdens, compliance requirements and potential liability for failures to comply.

Any actual, alleged or perceived failure of reAlpha Mortgage to comply with the federal consumer protection laws, rules and regulations to which they are subject could expose them to enforcement actions or potential litigation liabilities. Moreover, if the CFPB or other regulatory authorities adopt new rules governing the use of AI in mortgage underwriting or loan approval processes, we may face additional compliance obligations and potential enforcement risks. If we fail to or are unable to adapt to these regulatory changes in a timely and efficient manner our business, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected.

If we fail to comply with the rules, compliance requirements and data license agreements of MLSs, we may be unable to obtain and provide comprehensive and accurate real estate listing data, which could materially and adversely affect our business.

We believe that users of our services, whether through our website or iOS application (Real Estate Super App), come to us, in part, because of the real estate listing data that we provide. We obtain this data primarily from MLSs in the markets we serve directly or through our third-party service provider (REALTOR® affiliate). There are hundreds of MLSs operating across the United States, each with its own distinct rules, policies, compliance requirements, and data license agreement terms governing how MLS data may be used, stored, and displayed. These rules vary significantly across MLSs, are subject to change at any time, and may be affected by industry-wide developments such as the NAR settlement agreement in March 2024 and the comprehensive MLS Handbook updates that took effect in January 2026. We are required to respond to and resolve complaints or notices of non-compliance within prescribed timelines, and failure to do so could result in fines, suspension, or termination of our data access. In addition, MLSs are increasingly imposing data security and technology-use requirements on participants, including restrictions on the use of real estate listing data for training AI or machine learning models, which could affect our AI-driven platform capabilities.

In the event that a real estate broker through whom we access MLS data or our third-party service provider (REALTOR® affiliate), is deemed non-compliant, loses its MLS membership, or otherwise has its access restricted or terminated, we may be required to identify and engage replacements, and there can be no assurance that suitable replacements will be available on commercially reasonable terms or without interruption to our MLS data access. The real estate technology industry has also experienced increased litigation and regulatory activity regarding the use, display, and ownership of MLS data, and we may become subject to claims or enforcement actions that could result in restrictions on our ability to use such data. If we are unable to maintain compliance with applicable MLS rules and data license agreements, if we lose access to MLS data from one or more MLSs, or if changes in MLS rules or industry practices materially restrict our ability to obtain, use, or display listing data, we may be unable to provide comprehensive and accurate real estate listings. Any such loss or limitation could materially and adversely affect traffic to our websites, reduce user engagement and conversion, impair our ability to expand into new geographic markets, and have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and/or financial condition.

We have integrated, and intend to continue to integrate, AI in our operations and services which may result in operational challenges, compliance challenges, reputational concerns, privacy risks and competitive risks, which could have material adverse effects on our financial condition, results of operations, or reputation.

We currently integrate AI technologies in several of our operations and services, including “Claire” (our proprietary customer-facing AI-powered homebuying concierge), the “Loan Officer Assistant” (our proprietary internal AI-powered tool for our loan officers) and the “Engagement Assistant” (an internal AI-powered tool supporting customer relationship management), and intend to continue integrating or otherwise using AI technologies in our operations and services. Given that AI is a rapidly developing technology that is in its early stages of business use, it presents a number of operational, compliance and reputational risks. AI algorithms are currently known to sometimes produce unexpected results and behave in unpredictable ways (e.g., “hallucinatory behavior”) that can generate irrelevant, nonsensical, fictitious, deficient, offensive or factually incorrect content and results. Any inaccuracies in responses or “hallucinatory behavior” by our customer-facing AI products, such as “Claire,” or other AI technologies that are used in our operations or on the reAlpha platform could affect customer satisfaction, lead to misinformation, and/or cause reputational harm.

The safe and responsible integration of AI as it rapidly evolves presents emerging ethical and legal challenges, and any failure to keep pace with or properly govern such technologies may lead to challenges, concerns and risks that are significant or that we may not be able to predict. For example, AI output might present ethical concerns or violate current and future laws and regulations, including licensing laws and a variety of federal and state fair lending laws and regulations such as the FHA, the ECOA, the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act, and the prohibition against engaging in Unfair, Deceptive, or Abusive Acts or Practices pursuant to the Dodd-Frank act, when engaging in “hallucinatory behavior.” Additionally, the U.S. federal government and certain U.S. states, have proposed, enacted or are considering laws governing the development and use of generative AI. We expect other jurisdictions will adopt similar laws. In addition to such new laws and regulations, certain existing privacy laws extend rights to consumers (such as, among others, the right to correct and/or delete certain personal data and to receive copies of any personal data we hold) and regulate automated decision making, which may be incompatible with our use of generative AI. These obligations may make it harder for us to conduct our business using generative AI, comply with relevant privacy laws and/or lead to regulatory fines or penalties, require us to change our business practices, retrain Claire and/or other generative AI tools, and/or prevent or limit our use of generative AI. For example, the FTC has required other companies to turn over (or disgorge) valuable insights or trainings generated through the use of generative AI where they allege the company has violated privacy and consumer protection laws. If we cannot use generative AI that use is restricted, our business may be less efficient, or we may be at a competitive disadvantage.

We process, store, and use personal information and other data, which subjects us to governmental regulation and other legal obligations related to data privacy, and any actual or perceived failure to comply with these privacy obligations could result in a claim for damages, regulatory action, loss of business, and/or unfavorable publicity.

We collect, store, share, and process personal information and other customer information. There are numerous federal and state laws, as well as regulations and industry guidelines, regarding privacy and the storing, use, processing, sharing, disclosure and/or protection of personal information, which are continually evolving, subject to differing interpretations and/or best practices, and may be inconsistent between state and federal governments and across countries, regions and/or conflict with other laws and regulations. Additionally, laws, regulations, and standards covering marketing and advertising activities conducted by telephone, email, mobile devices, and the internet, may be applicable to our business, such as the Telephone Consumer Protection Act (as implemented by the Telemarketing Sales Rule), the CAN-SPAM Act, similar federal and state consumer protection laws and requirements imposed by private parties such as telecommunications carriers and credit card industry (including payment processors). We also assist with the processing of customer credit card transactions and consumer credit report requests, originate mortgage loans, perform real estate closings and provide other product offerings, which results in us receiving or facilitating transmission of personally identifiable information. Processing of this type of information is increasingly subject to legislation and regulation in the United States, including under the FCRA and the GLBA, along with relevant state laws and regulations. These laws and regulations are generally intended to protect the privacy and security of personal information, including credit card information that is collected, processed and/or transmitted.

Several states have passed, or are considering passing, comprehensive privacy laws with additional obligations and requirements on businesses. These laws and regulations are increasing in severity, complexity and number, change frequently, and might conflict among the various jurisdictions in which we operate, which has resulted in greater compliance risk and cost for us. For example, the California Consumer Protection Act, which was enacted on June 28, 2018 and became effective on January 1, 2020, gives California residents expanded privacy rights and protections, and provides for civil penalties for certain violations. Furthermore, the New York Department of Financial Services Cybersecurity Regulation, which went into effect on March 1, 2017, requires covered entities to establish and maintain a cybersecurity program designed to protect the confidentiality, integrity and availability of their information systems.

Any significant change to applicable laws, regulations or industry practices regarding the use or disclosure of personal information, and/or regarding the manner in which the express or implied consent of consumers for the use and disclosure of personal information is obtained, could require us to modify the reAlpha platform and its features, possibly in a material manner and subject us to increased compliance costs, which may limit our ability to innovate, improve and expand the reAlpha platform.

Our employees and personnel use generative AI technologies to perform their work, and the disclosure and use of personal information in generative AI technologies is subject to various privacy laws and other privacy obligations. Governments have passed and are likely to pass additional laws regulating generative AI. Our use of this technology could result in additional compliance costs, regulatory investigations and actions, copyright infringement claims, and consumer lawsuits. If we are unable to use generative AI, it could make our business less efficient and result in competitive disadvantages.

We seek to comply with industry standards, applicable laws and regulations, and legal obligations concerning data security protection, and are subject to the terms of our own privacy policies and privacy-related obligations to third parties. However, it is possible that these obligations may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent from one jurisdiction to another, making enforcement, and thus compliance requirements, ambiguous, uncertain, and potentially inconsistent. Any failure or perceived failure by us to comply with our privacy policies, terms of use, privacy-related obligations to customers or other third parties, or our privacy-related legal obligations, or any compromise of security that results in the unauthorized access to or unintended release of personally identifiable information or other agent or client data, may result in governmental enforcement actions, litigation, fines, penalties and/or public statements against us by consumer advocacy groups or others. Any of these events could cause us to incur significant costs in investigating and defending such claims and, if found liable, pay significant fines or damages. Further, these proceedings and any subsequent adverse outcomes may cause our agents and our agents’ clients to lose trust in us, which could have a materially adverse effect on our reputation and business. To the extent we rely on any third parties to assist us in the processing of personal information, those third parties are subject to written agreements which hold them to the same standards as appear in our internal policies. Such data is only shared on a need-to-know basis.

We are highly dependent on information systems and systems failures could significantly disrupt our business, which may, in turn, negatively affect us and the value of our common stock.

Our operations and technology, including the reAlpha platform and our internal operating systems, include certain automated processes that require access to telecommunications or the internet, each of which is subject to system security risks. Certain critical components are dependent upon third-party service providers, and a significant portion of our business operations are conducted over the internet. As a result, we could be severely impacted by a catastrophic occurrence, such as a natural disaster or a terrorist attack, or a circumstance that disrupted access to telecommunications, the internet and/or operations at our third-party service providers, including viruses and/or experienced computer programmers that could penetrate network security defenses and cause system failures and disruptions of operations and similar nefarious activities. Even though we believe we utilize appropriate security measures, including duplication and back-up procedures, a significant outage in telecommunications, the internet or at our third-party service providers could negatively impact our operations.

Security breaches and other disruptions could compromise our information systems and expose us to liability, which would cause our business and reputation to suffer.

Information security risks have generally increased in recent years due to the rise in new technologies and the increased sophistication and activities of perpetrators of cyberattacks. In the ordinary course of our business, we acquire and store sensitive data, including intellectual property, our proprietary business information and the personally identifiable information of our customers, employees and third-party service providers. The secure processing and maintenance of such information is critical to our operations and business strategy. Despite our security measures, our information technology and infrastructure may be vulnerable to attacks by hackers and/or breached due to employee error, malfeasance or other disruptions. Any such breach could compromise our networks and the information stored by us, including back-up data stored by us, whether on external drives or in the cloud, could be accessed, publicly disclosed, misused, lost, stolen or otherwise misused. Any such access, disclosure or other loss of information could result in legal claims or proceedings, liability under laws that protect the privacy of personal information, regulatory penalties, disruption to our operations and the services we provide to customers or damage our reputation, any of which could adversely affect our results of operations, reputation and competitive position.

Our financial results are highly dependent on broader macroeconomic and U.S. residential real estate market conditions, which are seasonal and cyclical in nature.

Our financial results are highly dependent on broader macroeconomic conditions and U.S. residential real estate market conditions, which are seasonal, cyclical and affected by changes in macroeconomic conditions beyond our control. Such macroeconomic conditions include, but are not limited to, increased interest rates, slow economic growth or recessionary conditions, supply chain disruptions, the pace of home price appreciation or the lack of it, housing affordability, changes in household debt levels, inflation and increased unemployment or consumer income levels, and credit availability and its impact on consumers’ ability and willingness to make loan payments. Such macroeconomic conditions also include competitive pressures and other market dynamics, including changes in consumer behavior, pricing strategies, customer acquisition costs, geographic expansion risks, marketing activity, or other operational factors, that may limit margin expansion even in periods of increased transaction activity. Some of these macroeconomic conditions, such as changes to interest rates and inflation, tend to be cyclical and may be influenced by actions taken by the Federal Reserve or other governmental authorities. Furthermore, national or global events including, but not limited to, geopolitical conflicts, natural disasters, natural events or man-made disruptions, may exacerbate such macroeconomic conditions and cyclical market conditions.

During periods of rising interest rates, declining affordability or deteriorating economic conditions, refinancing activity and home purchase transactions generally decline and suppress housing turnover, in turn may negatively impact demand for our real estate brokerage, mortgage origination, and closing services. In contrast, lower interest rate environments or improved affordability may increase transaction volume, though competitive pressures and market dynamics may limit corresponding gains in margin or profitability.

Given the cyclical and sometimes volatile nature of the loan origination activity and broader real estate market, we may experience significant fluctuations in our revenues from quarter to quarter or year to year. There can be no assurance that the current macroeconomic and real estate conditions will continue. New or increased tariffs could negatively affect U.S. national or regional economies, which could affect the demand for homes in the U.S., suppress housing activity, and lower demand for real estate transactions and related services. Such impacts could slow our mortgage origination business and reduce transaction volume across our brokerage and title operations. The current administration has announced its intent to adopt tariffs and potentially reform U.S. tax laws, both of which could negatively impact our business and financial results.

Our business is subject to various laws and regulations, including financial protections and securities laws.

We are subject to a variety of laws and regulations relating to financial protection, data privacy, and securities laws. These laws and regulations are constantly evolving and can be subject to significant change. Such laws and regulations are numerous, complex, and frequently changing. If we fail to satisfy any such laws and/or regulations, we may face inquiries or investigations or other adverse government actions, which may be costly to comply with, result in negative publicity, require management’s time and attention, and subject us to remedies that may harm our business, including fines, penalties, demands and/or orders that we modify or cease business practices. Additionally, as we depend on third parties for key services, we rely on such third-party service providers’ compliance with laws and regulations in which they operate regarding privacy, data protection, consumer protection, securities regulation, and/or other matters relating to our customers and business activities. Should there be deficiencies in our compliance (including by third-party service providers), this could adversely impact our reputation and could also expose us to material liability and, as a result, responsibility for damages, fines, and/or penalties.

Our use of “open-source” software could adversely affect our ability to offer our platform and services and subject us to costly litigation and other disputes.

We have in the past incorporated and may in the future incorporate certain “open-source” software into our code base as we continue to develop our platform and integrate services, technical architecture and software from acquired companies. Open-source software is generally licensed by its authors or other third parties under open-source licenses, which in some instances may subject us to certain unfavorable conditions, including requirements that we offer our products that incorporate the open-source software for no cost, that we make publicly available the source code for any modifications or derivative works we create based upon, incorporating or using the open-source software, or that we license such modifications or derivative works under the terms of the particular open-source license. From time to time, companies that use open-source software have faced claims challenging the use of open-source software or compliance with open-source license terms. Furthermore, there are many open-source software licenses that have not yet been tested in a court of law, resulting in a dearth of guidance on their proper legal interpretation. We could be subject to suits by parties claiming ownership of what we believe to be open-source software or claiming noncompliance with open-source licensing terms.

In addition to copyright-based claims, open-source software components incorporated into our platform may be subject to third-party patent claims. Unlike open-source licenses, which address copyright ownership and usage rights, patent rights exist independently and may be asserted by patent holders, including non-practicing entities, regardless of the open-source nature of the underlying software. We may be required to obtain licenses to such patents, modify or remove affected components, or defend against patent infringement claims, any of which could result in significant costs, operational disruption or restrictions on our ability to offer our products and services. Furthermore, our increasing use of AI and machine learning technologies, including open-source AI models and frameworks, introduces additional licensing complexity, as the legal treatment of open-source AI model weights, training data and derivative works remains unsettled and is subject to ongoing litigation and regulatory development.

While we employ practices designed to monitor our compliance with the licenses of third-party open-source software and protect our proprietary source code, inadvertent use of open-source software is fairly common in software development in the internet and technology industries. Such inadvertent use of open-source software could expose us to claims of non-compliance with the applicable terms of the underlying licenses, which could lead to unforeseen business disruptions, including being restricted from offering parts of our product(s) which incorporate the software, being required to publicly release proprietary source code, being required to re-engineer parts of our code base to comply with specific license terms, and/or being required to extract the open-source software at issue. Our exposure to these risks may be increased as a result of evolving our core source code base, introducing new offerings, integrating acquired-company technologies, and/or making other business changes, including in areas where we do not currently compete. Any of the foregoing could adversely impact the value or enforceability of our intellectual property, and materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

We rely upon Amazon Web Services to operate certain aspects of our service and any disruption of or interference with our use of the Amazon Web Services operation or any other cloud services provider would impact our operations and our business would be adversely impacted.

Amazon Web Services (“AWS”) provides distributed computing infrastructure platforms for business operations, or what is commonly referred to as a “cloud” computing service. Our software and computer systems have been designed to utilize data processing, storage capabilities and other services provided by AWS and other cloud service provider(s). Currently, we run the vast majority of our computing on AWS. Given this, along with the fact that we cannot easily switch our AWS operations to another cloud provider, any disruption of or interference with our use of AWS would impact our operations and our business would be adversely impacted.

We rely on our international offices to provide back office support functions, and if we are unable to manage the challenges associated with our international operations, our ability to operate our business may be adversely affected.

We maintain international offices in India with 13 full-time employees and Nepal with 32 full-time employees, each as of December 31, 2025. Employees at these locations provide back office support services including branding, marketing, design, finance and accounting, as well as research and development activities. Operations outside the United States are subject to legal, political and operational risks that may be greater than those present in the United States. For example, the political change in Nepal during 2025 temporarily resulted in disruptions to transportation, communications and normal business activities in certain areas, and similar events in the future could disrupt our operations or negatively impact our employees. If any such legal, political and operational risks are prolonged, our operations could be materially interrupted, which may have an adverse effect on its business and operating results.

These risks include, but are not limited to:

• failure of telecommunications and connectivity infrastructure;
• imposition of government controls and restrictions;
• exposure to different business practices and legal standards;
• restrictions imposed by local labor practices and laws;
• compliance with local laws and regulations on a timely basis;
• difficulties and costs associated with staffing and managing foreign operations;
• reduced protection for intellectual property rights in some countries;
• political, social and economic instability and terrorism.
• natural disasters and public health emergencies;
• potentially adverse tax consequences; and
• fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.

If internet search engines’ methodologies or other channels that we utilize to direct traffic to our website are modified, or our search result page rankings decline for other reasons, our user growth could decline.

We depend in part on various internet search engines, such as Google and Bing, as well as other channels to direct a significant amount of traffic to our website. Our ability to maintain the number of visitors directed to our website is not entirely within our control. For example, our competitors’ search engine optimization and other efforts may result in their websites receiving a higher search result page ranking than ours, internet search engines or other channels that we utilize to direct traffic to our website could revise their methodologies in a manner that adversely impacts traffic to our website, or we may make changes to our website that adversely impact our search engine optimization rankings and traffic. As a result, links to our website may not be prominent enough to drive sufficient traffic to our website, and we may not be able to influence the results.

We may experience a decline in traffic to our website if third-party browser technologies are changed, or search engine or other channels that we utilize to direct traffic to our website change their methodologies or rules, to our disadvantage. We expect the search engines and other channels that we utilize to drive users to our website to continue to periodically change their algorithms, policies, and technologies. These changes may result in an interruption in users’ ability to access our website or impair our ability to maintain and grow the number of users who visit our website. We may also be forced to significantly increase marketing expenditures in the event that market prices for online advertising and paid listings escalate or our organic ranking decreases. Any of these changes could have an adverse impact on our business and operating results.

We are, from time to time, involved in, and have been or may be subject to, claims, suits, government investigations, enforcement actions, and other proceedings that may result in outcomes adverse to us, including reputational harm.

We are subject to a variety of laws and regulations relating to data privacy and protection, intellectual property, securities laws, consumer protection, information security, mortgage brokering, mortgage origination, real estate, real estate brokerage, environmental, RESPA, fair housing or fair lending, tax matters, labor and employment matters, and commercial claims, as well as shareholder derivative actions or purported class action lawsuits. These laws and regulations are numerous, complex and constantly evolving. As a result, we have been and we may, in the future, be subject to claims, suits, government investigations, enforcement actions, and other proceedings if we fail to comply with such laws and regulations. Any such claims, suits, government investigations, enforcement actions, and other proceedings, which may be costly to us and/or divert the time and attention of management, may result in negative publicity and subject us to remedies that may harm our business, including fines or demands or orders that we modify or cease business practices. The number and scope of potential claims, suits, government investigations, enforcement actions, and other proceedings may increase as our business expands and our products and services evolve.

Additionally, as we depend on third-parties for key services, we rely on such third-party service providers’ compliance with laws and regulations regarding privacy, data protection, consumer protection, securities regulation, and other matters relating to our customers and business activities. Should there be deficiencies in our compliance (including by third-party service providers), this could adversely impact our reputation and could also expose us to material liability and responsibility for damages, fines, or penalties.

We are subject to domestic and international governmental export and import controls that may impair our ability to compete in international markets or subject us to liability if we are not in compliance with applicable laws or if we do not secure or maintain the required export authorizations.

In many cases, our products and services are or may in the future be subject to U.S. export control laws and regulations and subject to trade and economic sanctions maintained by Office of Foreign Assets Control, Department of the Treasury (“OFAC”). We are also subject to export control and trade sanctions laws and regulations in Singapore, India, Nepal and other jurisdictions in which we and our subsidiaries may operate, and the European Economic Area and the United Kingdom, to the extent our data, software or technology may be stored on, accessed from, or transmitted through servers located in located in the EU. As such, an export license may be required to export or re-export our technology and/or services to certain countries and/or end-users, and/or for certain end-uses, especially AI technologies, such as those involving sensitive customer data or proprietary algorithms. If we were to fail to comply with the relevant export controls laws and regulations, economic sanctions and/or other similar laws or regulations in any relevant jurisdictions, we could be subject to both civil and criminal penalties, including substantial fines, possible incarceration for employees and managers for willful or knowing violations, and the possible loss of our export or import privileges. Compliance with applicable legal and regulatory requirements regarding the export of our goods and services, including new releases and/or the performance of services, may create delays in the introduction of our services in non-U.S. markets, prevent our customers with non-U.S. operations from deploying these services throughout their global systems and/or, in some cases, prevent the export of the goods and/or services to some countries altogether.

Obtaining the necessary export license for a particular sale or offering may not be possible, may be time-consuming, and may result in the delay or loss of sales opportunities. In addition, compliance with the directives of the Department of State’s Directorate of Defense Trade Controls (“DDTC”) may result in substantial expenses and diversion of management attention. Any failure to adequately address the directives of DDTC could result in civil fines or suspension or loss of our export privileges, any of which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects. Further, U.S. export control laws and economic sanctions as well as similar laws and regulations in other jurisdictions prohibit the export of offerings to certain U.S. embargoed or sanctioned countries, governments, and persons, as well as for prohibited end-uses. We may in the future fail to secure or maintain at all times all required export authorizations, including licenses, which could have negative consequences on our business, including reputational harm, government investigations and civil and/or criminal penalties. Additionally, monitoring and ensuring compliance with these complex export control laws, regulations and sanctions may be particularly challenging as we expand internationally and our offerings are distributed in non-U.S. countries. Any failure by us, our subsidiaries or our partners to comply with all relevant export laws and regulations could have negative consequences for us, including reputational harm, government investigations fines, and penalties and/or other sanctions.

Any change in domestic or international export or import laws or regulations, economic sanctions, and/or related legislation, shift in the enforcement or scope of existing export, import, and/or sanctions laws or regulations, or change in the countries, governments, persons, or technologies targeted by such export, import, and sanctions laws or regulations, could result in decreased use of our platform by, or in our decreased ability to export or sell access to our platform to, existing or potential end-customers with international operations. Any decreased use of our platform or limitation on our ability to export to or sell access to our platform in international markets would adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

In the future, we may have operations in countries known to experience high levels of corruption and any violation of anti-corruption laws could subject us to penalties and other adverse consequences.

We are subject to the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”) and other laws in the United States and elsewhere that prohibit improper payments or offers of payments to foreign governments and/or their officials, political parties, state-owned or controlled enterprises, and/or private entities and/or individuals for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. We may have operations in, and that otherwise deal with countries known to experience corruption. Our activities in these countries and that of our affiliates and/or out third-party sub-contractors create the risk of unauthorized payments and/or offers of payments by one of our employees, contractors, agents, or users that could be in violation of the various anti-corruption laws, including the FCPA and anti-bribery laws in these countries. Failure to comply with any of these laws and regulations may result in extensive internal and/or external investigations as well as significant financial penalties and reputational harm, which could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, and/or financial condition.

The third parties we may engage with are subject to laws and regulations regarding privacy, data protection, consumer protection, and other matters. Many of these laws and regulations are subject to change and uncertain interpretation, and could result in claims, changes to our business practices, monetary penalties, or otherwise harm our third-party service providers and, as a result, our business.

The third parties we may engage for key services, such as software development, marketing, investor relations and others, may be subject to a variety of laws and regulations that involve matters such as: privacy; data protection; personal information; rights of publicity; content; marketing; distribution; data security; data retention and deletion; electronic contracts and other communications; consumer protection; and online payment services. These laws and regulations are constantly evolving and can be subject to significant change. As a result, the application, interpretation, and enforcement of these laws and regulations are often uncertain and may be interpreted and applied inconsistently. Additionally, as we depend on third parties for key services, we rely on such third-party service providers’ compliance with laws and regulations regarding privacy, data protection, consumer protection, and other matters relating to our customers.

These various federal and state privacy and data security laws and regulatory standards create data privacy rights for users, including more ability to control how their data is shared with third parties. These laws and regulations, as well as any associated inquiries and/or investigations and/or any other government actions, may be costly to comply with, result in negative publicity, require significant management time and attention, and/or subject our service providers, and us, to remedies that may harm our business, including fines or demands or orders that we modify or cease certain existing business practices.

We may not successfully and/or promptly detect and prevent fraud, misconduct, incompetence and/or theft by our third-party service providers. In addition, any removal or termination of third-party service providers would require us to seek new vendors or providers, which would create delays and adversely affect our operations. Poor performance by such third-party service providers will reflect poorly on us and could significantly damage our reputation among users of our technologies. In the event of fraud or misconduct by a third-party, we could also be exposed to material liability and be held responsible for damages, fines or penalties and our reputation may suffer.

If we fail to accurately report and present non-U.S. GAAP financial measures, together with our financial results determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP, investors may lose confidence and our stock price could decline. Additionally, stockholders may consider U.S. GAAP measures to be more relevant to our operating performance than the non-U.S. GAAP financial measures we present.

In addition to our results determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP, we believe that certain non-U.S. GAAP measures, such as Adjusted EBITDA, may be useful in evaluating our operating performance. We present Adjusted EBITDA measures as supplemental measures in evaluating the performance of our operations and to provide better transparency into our results of operations. We intend to continue to present Adjusted EBITDA and other non-U.S. GAAP financial measures in future filings with the SEC and other public filings. We may, in the future, report non-U.S. GAAP financial measures we present inaccurately, or elect not to report or adjust the calculation of certain non-U.S. GAAP financial measures we present. Any inaccurate reporting and/or election not to present our non-U.S. GAAP financial measures could cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial and other information, which would likely have a negative effect on the trading price of our common stock.

The market price of our common stock may also fluctuate based on future non-U.S. GAAP financial results we may present if investors base their investment decisions on such non-U.S. GAAP financial measures. If we decide to alter or discontinue the use of non-U.S. GAAP financial measures in reporting our annual and quarterly results of operations, the market price of our common stock could be adversely affected if investors analyze our performance in a different manner.

The inability to protect our intellectual property rights could harm our reputation, damage our business or interfere with our competitive position.

Our intellectual property is valuable and provides us with certain competitive advantages. Copyrights, patents, trademarks, service marks, trade secrets, technology licensing agreements, nondisclosure agreements and contracts may be used to protect these proprietary rights. Despite these precautions, it may be possible for third parties to copy aspects of our products or, without authorization, to obtain and use information that we regard as trade secrets. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect our proprietary rights as fully as do the laws of the United States. There can be no assurance that our means of protecting our proprietary rights in the United States or elsewhere around the world will be adequate or that competing companies will not independently develop similar technologies. Our failure to adequately protect our proprietary rights could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position and our business.

We may in the future be subject to claims that we or others violated certain third-party intellectual property rights, which, even where meritless, can be costly to defend and could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

The internet and technology industries are characterized by significant creation and protection of intellectual property rights and by frequent litigation based on allegations of infringement, misappropriation, or other violations of such intellectual property rights. There may be intellectual property rights held by others, including issued or pending patents, trademarks, and copyrights, and applications of the foregoing, that they allegedly cover significant aspects of our technologies, content, branding, and/or business methods. Moreover, companies in the internet and technology industries are frequent targets of practicing and non-practicing entities seeking to profit from royalties in connection with grants of licenses. Like many other companies in the internet and technology industries, we sometimes enter into agreements which include indemnification provisions related to intellectual property which can subject us to costs and damages in the event of a claim against an indemnified third-party.

We may, in the future, receive communications from such third parties, including practicing and non-practicing entities, claiming that we have infringed, misused, or otherwise misappropriated their intellectual property rights, including alleged patent infringement. Additionally, we may, in the future, be involved in claims, suits, regulatory proceedings, and/or other proceedings involving alleged infringement, misuse, and/or misappropriation of third-party intellectual property rights, or relating to our intellectual property holdings and rights. Intellectual property claims against us, regardless of merit, could be time consuming and expensive to litigate and/or settle and could divert our management’s attention and divert other resources.

Claims involving intellectual property could subject us to significant liability for damages and could result in our having to stop using certain technologies, content, branding, or business methods found to be in violation of another party’s rights. We might be required or may opt to seek a license for rights to intellectual property held by others, which may not be available on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. Even if a license is available, we could be required to pay significant royalties, which would increase our operating expenses. We may also be required to develop alternative non-infringing technology, content, branding, and/or business methods, which could require significant effort and expense and make us less competitive. Any of these results could materially adversely affect our ability to compete and our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We may introduce new offerings or changes to existing offerings or make other business changes, including in areas where we currently do not compete, which could increase our exposure to patent, copyright, trademark, and other intellectual property rights claims from competitors, other practicing entities, and non-practicing entities. Similarly, our exposure to risks associated with various intellectual property claims may increase as a result of acquisitions of other companies. Third parties may make infringement and similar or related claims after we have acquired a company or technology that had not been asserted prior to the acquisition.

Our financial condition raises substantial doubt as to our ability to continue as a going concern.

Our independent registered public accounting firm previously expressed substantial doubt regarding our ability to continue as a going concern in its audit report dated March 12, 2026, for the year ended December 31, 2025. This conclusion was based on recurring losses from operations, negative cash flows, and the need to raise additional capital to support our ongoing activities.

Although we cannot predict with certainty all of our particular short-term cash uses or the timing or amount of cash requirements, management has concluded that there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern as discussed in “Note 3 – Going Concern” of our audited financial statements included in this report. Our recurring losses, negative cash flow and the uncertainties surrounding our ability to execute and to realize our planned revenue growth and expected benefits from our operational improvement initiatives, could impact our future profitability and liquidity, which could in the future raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue to execute our operating plan as currently intended and require us to seek additional financing. If adequate funds or additional financings are not available, if and when needed, or if the terms of potential funding sources are unfavorable, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. Additionally, our financial statements have been prepared assuming that we will continue to operate as a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. Thus, our financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if we are unable to continue as a going concern.

Our ongoing disputes with GYBL may be costly, time consuming and, if adversely determined against us, could result in a significant downward adjustment of the GEM Warrants’ exercise price, and potentially other penalties and expenses, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial position and business operations.

On November 1, 2024, we filed a lawsuit against GEM Yield Bahamas Limited (“GYBL”) in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (the “Court”) in which we have asserted two causes of action: (i) rescission of the warrants issued to GYBL (the “GEM Warrants”) pursuant to that certain Share Purchase Agreement, dated as of December 1, 2022 (the “GEM Agreement”), by and among us, GYBL, and GEM Global Yield LLC SCS (“GEM Yield”, and together with GYBL, “GEM”), pursuant to Section 29(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) due to GYBL’s underlying violation of Section 15(a) of the Exchange Act for effecting the GEM Warrants as an unregistered dealer, and (ii) in the alternative, a declaratory judgment that the exercise price adjustment calculation of the GEM Warrants is governed by the terms provided in the GEM Warrants, rather than the terms of the GEM Agreement. Following a motion to dismiss filed by GYBL on January 17, 2025, the Court granted such motion to dismiss on March 14, 2025. Following such dismissal by the Court, GYBL filed a separate lawsuit against us, in which GYBL is asserting two causes of action against us: (1) breach of the terms of the GEM Warrants, and (2) declaratory relief concerning the validity and enforceability of the GEM Warrants. In addition to the declaratory relief, GYBL is seeking monetary damages in an amount to be determined at trial, specific performance of the GEM Warrants and attorneys’ fees and litigation costs.

Given the ongoing disputes with GYBL, the exercise price of the GEM Warrants has not been adjusted pursuant to the GEM Warrant’s terms while these disputes are pending, and, to the extent any shares of common stock are sold pursuant to an equity offering, for instance, at a price per share that is below the then-current exercise price of the GEM Warrants, we do not plan to adjust the exercise price of the GEM Warrants pending resolution of such disputes. A final adverse ruling against us in pending lawsuits and any subsequent appeals, or in any other claim or counterclaim, as applicable, sought by GYBL, could lead to a significant downward adjustment to the current exercise price of the GEM Warrants, additional expenses incurred related to the lawsuits during the ongoing disputes, including, but not limited to, attorney’s fees, and any other remedies the court may deem just.

Further, any lawsuit and subsequent appeals may be expensive, may divert management’s time away from our operations, and may affect the availability and premiums of our liability insurance coverage, regardless of whether our claims are meritorious, or ultimately lead to a judgment against us. We cannot assure you that we will be able to be successful in lawsuits, or any subsequent appeal, against GYBL or resolve any current or future litigation matters, in which case those litigation matters, including the disputes with GYBL, could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows.

If we incur penalties pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement with GEM, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected.

GEM has certain registration rights, including “piggyback” registration rights, pursuant to that certain registration rights agreement entered into by and among us and GEM concurrently with the GEM Agreement (the “Registration Rights Agreement”). The Registration Rights Agreement requires us to use reasonable best efforts to maintain an effective registration statement covering the resale of the shares of common stock issuable pursuant to the GEM Agreement and the shares of common stock underlying the GEM Warrants (collectively, the “Registrable Securities”), and the “piggyback” registration rights provide that, if we determine to prepare and file a registration statement relating to an offering of any of our equity securities for our own account or for the account of others (other than a registration statement on Form S-8 or Form S-4, or their equivalent relating to securities to be issued in exchange for other securities or equity securities to be issued solely in connection with equity securities issuable in connection with the Company’s option or other employee benefit plans) under the Securities Act, then, in the absence of an effective registration statement covering the resale of the Registrable Securities, we are required to deliver a written notice to GEM to that effect. If, within five days after the delivery of such written notice, GEM requests in writing that we include all or any part of the Registrable Securities in such registration statement, then we are required to cause such requested Registrable Securities to be registered in the applicable registration statement. We do not currently maintain an effective registration statement covering the resale of the Registrable Securities given our ongoing disputes with GEM. There is no guarantee that GEM will not seek penalties pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement relating to their registration rights. If GEM seeks such penalties, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected. In addition, if we decide to adhere to the registration rights prior to the resolution of the pending disputes or upon the resolution of the pending disputes, we may be required to expend significant resources to prepare and maintain a registration statement, respond to registration requests, and cover other associated costs, which would limit cash available for other business purposes.

Loss of our current executive officers and other key employees, including from our subsidiaries, could significantly harm our business.

We depend on the industry experience and talent of our current executives, including Giri Devanur, our Executive Chairman of the Board, Michael J. Logozzo, our Chief Executive Officer, Thomas J. Kutzman Jr., our Chief Financial Officer, and other key employees from our subsidiaries and newly acquired companies. We also rely on individuals in key management positions within our operations, finance, strategy, marketing and technology teams. We believe that our future results will depend, in part, upon our ability to retain and attract highly skilled and qualified management. The loss of our executive officers or any key personnel could have a material adverse effect on our operations because other officers might not have the same level of experience and expertise to readily replace these individuals. To the extent that one or more of our top executives and/or other key management personnel depart from our company, our operations and business prospects may be adversely affected. In addition, changes in executives and key personnel could in any case be disruptive to our business. We do not have any key person insurance.

We are also dependent on designated brokers and licensed loan officers in each state where we conduct real estate brokerage and mortgage brokerage services. The departure of a designated broker or key licensed loan officer could result in the suspension or loss of our authority to operate in one or more states until a qualified replacement is identified and approved by the relevant regulatory authority, which could disrupt our business, result in lost revenue, and expose us to regulatory penalties.

Our dependence upon our business partners and their key business partners whose continued service is not guaranteed.

Our business operations are supported by relationships with key business partners, including our REALTOR® affiliate, vendors, suppliers, service providers, and other strategic partners. The loss of one or more of these key business partners, or a significant change in the terms of our relationship with them, could disrupt our business operations and negatively impact our financial performance. Furthermore, the success of our partnerships depends on the continued service and expertise of key business partners we collaborate with, and we cannot guarantee that these individuals will continue to provide the same level of service or expertise to us. If these individuals leave or are unable to continue providing their services, our ability to maintain and grow our business relationships could be negatively impacted, which could harm our financial results.

We are permanently barred from raising capital in Massachusetts pursuant to a Consent Order.

On April 15, 2022, we entered into a consent order (the “Consent Order”) with the Securities Division of the Office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Under the Consent Order, the Company is barred from offering or selling securities in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and ordered to cease and desist from committing future violations of Massachusetts Uniform Securities Act, Mass. Gen. Laws c. 110A (the “Act”), and the regulations promulgated thereunder at 950 Code Mass. Regs. 10.01-14.413. The National Securities Markets Improvement Act of 1996 (“NSMIA”) prevents or preempts the states from regulating the sale of certain securities, which are referred to as “covered securities,” including securities listed on a national securities exchange such as Nasdaq. Due to the fact that our common stock is listed on Nasdaq, our common stock qualifies as covered securities under such statute. Although the states are preempted from regulating the sale of covered securities, NSMIA does allow the states to investigate companies if there is a suspicion of fraud, and, if there is a finding of fraudulent activity, then the states can regulate or bar the sale of covered securities in a particular case. The Consent Order expressly states that it is not intended to be a final order based upon violations of the Act that prohibit fraudulent, manipulative, or deceptive conduct. As a result, there is uncertainty as to whether the Consent Order’s prohibition on offers or sales of our securities in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts is enforceable under federal law. Regardless of this uncertainty, we have not undertaken a legal determination as to the preemption question and are continuing to take steps to comply with the Consent Order. To the extent that the Consent Order is enforceable, our ability to sell securities of the Company is limited to the remaining 49 states and expressly excludes natural persons or legal entities that are residents of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Based on information currently available to us, we are not aware of any sales that have been made by the Company in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts since we entered into the Consent Order. However, if an offering of our securities were to result in sales to residents of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, even inadvertently, it could be viewed as a violation of the Consent Order and could subject us to additional regulatory actions or penalties. A regulatory action, even if it does not result in a finding of wrongdoing or penalty, could require substantial expenditures of time, resources, and money, and could potentially damage our reputation. Any such regulatory action or penalty could adversely affect our business, result of operations or access to capital markets.

We expect our business model and pricing models to continue to evolve.

Our business model has a limited track record, and as we continue growing our business and operations, we may continue to experiment with different pricing models and introduce new offerings and services. We expect that the services and technology offerings associated with our business model, including the reAlpha platform, will continue to rapidly evolve as we may need to modify our offerings to stay current in the industry. In addition, we have not yet made a final determination regarding how we will charge customers or how certain incentives we offer through the reAlpha platform, such as the commission rebate which we modified in mid-January 2026, will be applied to customers utilizing the reAlpha platform. We cannot guarantee that we will be able to produce commercially successful offerings or develop a pricing model for such offerings that is acceptable to our customers and enable us to operate profitably. We also cannot guarantee that any modifications we make to our offerings or business model will be successful or will not harm our business. If the changes we make are not successful, or if we fail to make appropriate changes, it would have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects or operations and potentially on our ability to continue as a going concern.

If we are unable to hire qualified persons, or unable to retain, motivate and develop our employees, our revenue could be adversely affected.

In order to support revenues and revenue growth, we may need to develop, train and retain our employees and any sales force we may develop to advance our mission objectives. Our ability to hire qualified employees or build and develop a qualified sales force may be affected by a number of factors, including: our ability to attract, integrate and motivate sales personnel; our ability to effectively train our sales force; the ability of our sales force to sell an increased number and different types of products; our ability to manage effectively an outbound tele sales group; the length of time it takes new sales personnel to become productive; the competition we face from other companies in hiring and retaining sales personnel; our ability to effectively structure our sales force; and our ability to effectively manage a multi-location sales organization, including field sales personnel. If we are unable to hire and retain qualified employees and sales personnel, including any sales force management team we may have, or if our employees are unproductive, our revenues or growth rate could decline and our expenses could increase. We may face additional challenges in hiring employees in an increasingly competitive job market.

Risk Factors Related to the Proposed Merger with InstaMortgage

If the conditions to the Proposed Merger are not satisfied or waived prior to the Outside Date, the Proposed Merger may be delayed or may not occur.

Under the terms and conditions of the Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with InstaMortgage, reAlpha Merger Sub I, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a newly formed wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (the “Merger Sub”) and the stockholders of InstaMortgage, specified conditions must be satisfied or, to the extent permitted by applicable law, waived to complete the Proposed Merger (as defined below), including receipt of regulatory approval by certain governmental authorities. These conditions are set forth in the Merger Agreement and are summarized in the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 22, 2025. We cannot guarantee that any or all of the conditions to the consummation of the Proposed Merger will be satisfied or waived. If the conditions are not satisfied or waived prior to the Outside Date, the Proposed Merger may not occur, or the consummation of the Proposed Merger may be delayed if the Outside Date (as defined in the Merger Agreement) is extended.

Failure to complete, or delays in completing, the Proposed Merger could materially and adversely affect our results of operations, business, financial results and/or common stock price.

On December 19, 2025, we entered into the Merger Agreement with InstaMortgage, the Merger Sub and the Stockholders, pursuant to which the Merger Sub will merge with and into InstaMortgage, with InstaMortgage surviving as our wholly owned subsidiary (the “Proposed Merger”), subject to the satisfaction and/or waiver of all closing conditions set forth therein and consummation of the transactions contemplated therein. Consummation of the Proposed Merger is subject to the satisfaction and/or waiver of certain conditions, some of which are beyond our control and may prevent, delay or otherwise negatively affect the Proposed Merger. Such conditions include, among others, the receipt of required regulatory approval of certain governmental authorities. The conditions to the closing of the Proposed Merger may not be satisfied and/or waived and the Merger Agreement could be terminated. In addition, to the extent not waived, satisfying the closing conditions to consummate the Proposed Merger may take longer, and could cost more, than we expect. The occurrence of such events individually or in combination may adversely affect the benefits we expect to achieve from the Proposed Merger and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. In addition, if the Proposed Merger does not close by the Outside Date, the attention of our management will have been diverted to it rather than our operations and pursuit of other opportunities. Failure to complete the Proposed Merger would, and any delay in completing the Proposed Merger could, prevent us from realizing the anticipated benefits from the Proposed Merger.

To the extent we consummate the Proposed Merger, we may not be able to successfully integrate the business and operations of InstaMortgage or other entities that we have acquired or may acquire in the future into our ongoing business operations, which may result in our inability to fully realize the intended benefits of this proposed transaction, or may disrupt our current operations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position and/or results of operations.

To the extent we consummate the Proposed Merger upon satisfaction and or/waiver of the closing conditions set forth in the Merger Agreement, we plan to integrate the operations of InstaMortgage into our business, and this process involves complex operational, technological and personnel-related challenges, which are time-consuming and expensive and may disrupt our ongoing business operations. Furthermore, integration involves a number of risks, including, but not limited to:

• difficulties or complications in combining the companies’ operations;
• differences in controls, procedures and policies, regulatory standards and business cultures among the combined companies;
• the diversion of management’s attention from our ongoing core business operations;
• increased exposure to certain governmental regulations and compliance requirements;
• the potential increase in operating costs;
• the potential loss of key personnel;
• the potential loss of key customers or suppliers who choose not to do business with the combined business;

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• difficulties or delays in consolidating the acquired companies’ technology platforms, including implementing systems designed to maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting for the combined company and enable the Company to continue to comply with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and applicable U.S. securities laws and regulations;
• unanticipated costs to successfully integrate operations, technologies, personnel of acquired businesses and other assumed contingent liabilities;
• difficulty comparing financial reports due to differing financial and/or internal reporting systems;
• making any necessary modifications to internal financial control standards to comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“SOX”) and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder; and/or
• possible tax costs or inefficiencies associated with integrating the operations of the combined company.

These factors could cause us to not fully realize the anticipated financial and/or strategic benefits of the Proposed Merger, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and/or results of operations.

Even if we are able to successfully operate the acquired business, we may not be able to realize the revenue and other synergies and growth that we anticipated from this Proposed Merger in the time frame that we currently expect, and the costs of achieving these benefits may be higher than what we currently expect, because of a number of risks, including, but not limited to:

• the possibility that the Proposed Merger may not further our business strategy as we expected;
• the possibility that we may not be able to expand the reach and customer base for the acquired companies’ current and future products as expected; and
• the possibility that we may not succeed in this market in the manner expected.

As a result of these risks, the Proposed Merger and integration may not contribute to our earnings as expected, we may not achieve expected revenue synergies or our return on invested capital targets when expected, or at all, and we may not achieve the other anticipated strategic and financial benefits of the Proposed Merger.

Risks Related to Our Technologies and Industry

Our business depends significantly on the health of the U.S. residential real estate industry and changes in general economic conditions.

Our success depends largely on the health of the U.S. residential real estate industry. This industry, in turn, is affected by changes in general economic conditions, which are beyond our control. Any of the following factors could reduce the volume of residential real estate transactions, cause a decline in the prices at which homes are bought and sold, or otherwise adversely affect the industry and harm our business:

• seasonal or cyclical downturns in the U.S. residential real estate industry, which may be due to a single factor, or a combination of factors, listed below, or factors which are currently not known to us or that have not historically affected the industry;
• slow economic growth or recessionary conditions;
• increased unemployment rates or stagnant or declining wages;
• inflationary conditions;
• low consumer confidence in the economy or the U.S. residential real estate industry;
• consumer hesitancy to spend or take on debt due to economic uncertainty;
• adverse changes in local or regional economic conditions in the markets that we serve, particularly our top-10 markets and markets into which we are attempting to expand;
• increased mortgage rates, reduced availability of mortgage financing, or increased down payment requirements;
• low home inventory levels, which may result from zoning regulations, higher construction costs including those resulting from potential tariffs, and housing market uncertainty that discourages some home sellers, among other factors;
• lack of affordably priced homes, which may result from home prices growing faster than wages, among other factors;
• volatility and general declines in the stock market or lower yields on individuals’ investment portfolios;
• increased barriers to, or expenses associated with, home ownership, including the unavailability of insurance or rising insurance costs that may result from more frequent and severe natural disasters and inclement weather;
• newly enacted and potential federal, state, and local legislative actions, as well as new judicial decisions, that would affect the residential real estate industry generally or in our top-10 markets, including (i) actions or decisions that would increase the tax liability arising from buying, selling, or owning real estate; (ii) actions or decisions that would change the way real estate brokerage commissions are negotiated, calculated, or paid; (iii) actions or decisions that would discourage individuals from owning, or obtaining a mortgage on, more than one home; and (iv) potential reform relating to Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and other government sponsored entities that provide liquidity to the mortgage market;
• loss in confidence in the debt, obligations, or operations in the U.S. government, or a shutdown of the U.S. government, which could impact broader credit markets or economic activity;
• changes that cause U.S. real estate to be more expensive for foreign purchases, such as (i) increases in the exchange rate for the U.S. dollar compared to foreign currencies and (ii) foreign regulatory changes or capital controls that make it more difficult for foreign purchasers to withdraw capital from their home countries or purchase and hold U.S. real estate;
• changed generational views on homeownership and generally decreased financial resources available for purchasing homes; and
• war, terrorism, political uncertainty, competing priorities of the new presidential administration, natural disasters, inclement weather, health epidemics or pandemics, and acts of God, and the effects of such events on the U.S. residential real estate market.

The business and industry in which we participate are highly competitive, and we may be unable to compete successfully with our current or future competitors.

We operate in a highly competitive environment and we face significant competition in attracting customers.

We believe that our competitors include:

• AI-driven real estate platforms offering streamlined homebuying and selling solutions, such as Zillow, Opendoor, FlyHomes and Redfin Corporation (“Redfin”);
• Digital mortgage platforms which streamline the home financing process through the integration of technology, such as Better Home & Finance Holding Company and Rocket Mortgage; and
• Title companies offering digital solutions for title and escrow services, such as First American Financial Corporation, Qualia Labs, Inc. and Endpoint Holdings, LLC.

Our competitors are adopting aspects of our business model, which could affect our ability to differentiate our offerings from competitors. Increased competition could result in reduced demand for our platform and technologies, slow our growth, and materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

Many of our current and potential competitors enjoy substantial competitive advantages over us, such as greater name and brand recognition, longer operating histories, larger marketing budgets, and loyalty programs, as well as substantially greater financial, technical, and other resources. As a result, our competitors may be able to provide consumers with a better or more complete real estate solutions experience and respond more quickly and effectively than we can to new or changing opportunities, technologies, standards, or real estate investor requirements or preferences. In addition, emerging start-ups may be able to innovate and focus on developing a new product or service based on AI technologies faster than we can or may foresee consumer need for new offerings or technologies before we do.

There are now numerous competing companies that offer AI-powered solutions for real estate purposes, such as Redfin, Zillow, Opendoor and others. Some of these competitors also aggregate property listings obtained through various sources, including the websites of property managers. Some of these competitors or potential competitors also have more established or varied relationships with customers in the real estate industry than we do, and they could use these advantages in ways that could affect our competitive position, including by entering the travel and accommodations businesses. For example, some competitors or potential competitors are creating “super-apps” where consumers can use many online services without leaving that company’s app, e.g., in particular regions, such as Asia, where e-commerce transactions are conducted primarily through apps on mobile devices. If any of these platforms are successful in offering services similar to ours to customers seeking similar solutions, or if we are unable to offer our services to customers within these super-apps, our customer acquisition efforts could be less effective and our customer acquisition costs, including our brand and performance marketing expenses, could increase, any of which could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition. We also face increasing competition from search engines including Google. How Google presents AI based real estate solution providers, and its potential promotion of future services that may be similar to ours and of our competitors, or similar actions from other search engines, and their practices concerning search rankings, could decrease our search traffic, increase traffic acquisition costs, and/or disintermediate our technologies and offerings.

The reAlpha platform and our services are currently limited to certain geographic markets and if we are unable to successfully expand the reAlpha platform and our services to new markets, our growth prospects, results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected.

Currently, all three services (realty, mortgage brokering, and digital title and escrow services) are only available on the reAlpha platform for homebuyers in Florida and Virginia. However, two of the three services are offered to homebuyers in eight additional U.S. states, and at least one service is available in an additional 25 U.S. states and the District of Columbia. Our growth strategy depends in part on our ability to expand our services into additional markets. Expanding into new geographic areas involves significant risks and uncertainties, including the need to adapt our services to local market conditions, competitive dynamics, consumer preferences, regulatory and licensing requirements, and operational and infrastructure constraints. We may incur significant upfront costs and devote substantial management time and resources to market expansion efforts that may not generate anticipated returns or achieve profitability within expected timeframes, or at all. In addition, we may face increased competition from established local or national competitors, challenges in recruiting and retaining qualified personnel, and difficulties in scaling our systems and processes to support expansion. If we are unable to successfully enter and grow in new markets, or if our expansion efforts divert resources from our existing operations, our growth prospects, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.

Our technologies that are currently being developed may not yield expected results or be delivered on time.

We could face delays, bugs, or crashes during and after the development process of any of our technologies that could cause adverse results on our timelines and ability to perform. We rely on our technology, including, without limitation, the reAlpha platform, “Claire” and our internal AI-powered tools, for our business model and scalability. Should the technology not yield the expected results, we may not be able to achieve scalability on the timeline or at all that we have forecasted. We rely on the ability of our employees to develop our technologies to achieve desired results. If our technologies take longer than expected to be commercialized due to any delays during their development, or not function as we intended, our business and results of operations may be materially affected.

The implementation of AI into our technologies may prove to be more difficult than anticipated and may adversely affect our business.

Our future success depends, in part, upon our ability to address the needs of our customers by using and integrating AI technology to provide products and services that will satisfy customer demands, as well as to create additional efficiencies in our operations. The costs of implementing new technology, including personnel, can be high, in both absolute and relative terms, and we may not achieve intended benefits of new technology initiatives. Moreover, the implementation of AI technology can expose us to new or increased operational risks. For example, our implementation of certain new technologies, such as those related to AI, machine learning and automated decision making, in our business processes may have unintended consequences due to their limitations or our failure to use them effectively. Many of our competitors have substantially greater resources to invest in technological improvements or are technology focused start-ups with internally developed cloud-native systems that offer improved user interfaces and experiences. We may not be able to effectively develop AI technology-driven products and services or be successful in marketing these products and/or services to our customers or effectively deploy new technologies to improve efficiency. In addition, we depend on internal and outsourced technology to support all aspects of our business operations. Interruption or failure of these systems creates a risk of business loss as a result of adverse customer experiences and possible diminishing of our reputation, damage claims or civil fines. Failure to successfully keep pace with technological change and affecting the AI industry or to successfully implement such AI technologies could have a material adverse impact on our business and, in turn, our financial condition and results of operations.

The use of new and evolving technologies, such as AI, in our operations may require us to expend material resources for compliance and may present risks and challenges that can impact our business including by posing security and other risks to our confidential information, proprietary information and personal information, any of which may result in reputational harm and liability, or otherwise adversely affect our business.

Integrating AI into our operations presents risks and challenges that could affect its adoption, and therefore our business. There are significant risks involved in utilizing AI and no assurance can be provided that the usage of AI will enhance our business or assist our business in becoming more efficient or profitable. The use of certain AI technology can give rise to intellectual property risks, including compromises to proprietary intellectual property and intellectual property infringement and misappropriation. Other known risks of AI currently include inaccuracy, bias, toxicity, data privacy and cybersecurity issues, and data provenance disputes. In addition, AI may have errors or inadequacies that are not easily detectable. AI may also be subject to data herding and interconnectedness (i.e., multiple market participants utilizing the same data), which may adversely impact our business. If the data used to train AI or the content, analyses, or recommendations that AI applications assist in producing are or are alleged to be deficient, inaccurate, incomplete, overbroad or biased, our business, financial condition, and results of operations may be adversely affected. Additionally, we expect to see increasing government and supranational regulation and ethical concerns related to AI use which may also significantly increase the burden and cost of research, development and compliance in this area. For example, the EU’s Artificial Intelligence Act - the world’s first comprehensive AI law - entered into force on August 1, 2024, and, with some exceptions, will become fully applicable in December 2026. This legislation imposes significant obligations on providers and deployers of high-risk AI systems and encourages providers and deployers of AI systems to account for certain ethical principles in their design, development and use of these systems. The rapid evolution of AI will require the application of significant resources to design, develop, test and maintain our technology and products and/or services to help ensure that AI is implemented in accordance with applicable laws and regulations and in a socially responsible manner and to minimize any real or perceived unintended harmful impacts. The legal landscape and subsequent legal protections for the use of AI remains uncertain, and development of the law in this area could impact our ability to enforce our proprietary rights and/or protect against infringing uses. If we do not have sufficient rights to use the data on which AI relies or to the outputs produced by AI applications we may incur liability through the violation of certain laws, third-party privacy or other rights or contracts to which we are a party. Our use of AI applications may also, in the future, result in cybersecurity incidents that implicate the personal data of customers. Any such cybersecurity incidents related to our use of AI applications could adversely affect our reputation and results of operations.

Third-party vendors and our subsidiaries may also incorporate AI tools into their own offerings, and the providers of these AI tools may not meet existing or rapidly evolving regulatory or industry standards, including with respect to intellectual property, privacy and data security. Further, bad actors around the world use increasingly sophisticated methods, including the use of AI, to engage in illegal activities involving the theft and misuse of personal information, confidential information and intellectual property. Any of these effects could damage our reputation, result in the loss of valuable property and information, cause us to breach our contracts and/or violate applicable laws and regulations, and adversely impact our business.

Our success is based on our ability to commercialize and continuously improve our technologies and the reAlpha platform and any inability to achieve these outcomes would adversely impact our business.

The success of our business is based in large part upon our ability to commercialize, and continuously improve, our technologies that integrate AI into the real estate industry solutions market. Maintaining or improving our current technology offerings to meet evolving industry standards and customer expectations, as well as developing commercially successful and innovative new technology, is challenging and expensive.

As standards and expectations evolve and new technology becomes available, we may be unable to identify, design, develop, and implement, in a timely and cost-effective manner, improvements to our current technologies to meet those standards and expectations. As a result, we may be unable to compete effectively, and to the extent our competitors develop new and/or better technology offerings faster than us, they may render our offerings noncompetitive or obsolete. Additionally, even if we implemented improvements to our current technology offerings or new technology offerings in a timely manner, our customers may not accept or be satisfied by the technologies we developed and its applications.

Our technology offerings, including the reAlpha platform and its tools, features, and capabilities, are key to our competitive plan for attracting potential customers to purchase homes via the reAlpha platform. As the number of homebuyers and listings shared on our reAlpha platform, either online or through the iOS application, and the extent and types of data grow, our need for additional network capacity and computing power will also grow. Maintaining or improving our current technology, network capacity and computing power to meet evolving industry standards and customer expectations and data growth is challenging and expensive. For example, the nature of development cycles may result in delays between the time we incur expenses and the time we introduce new technology and generate revenue, if any, from those investments. Anticipated customer demand for a technology offering could also decrease after the development cycle has commenced, and we would not be able to recoup costs, which may be substantial, we incurred.

Furthermore, our development and testing processes may not detect errors and vulnerabilities in our technology offerings prior to their implementation. Any inefficiencies, errors, technical problems, or vulnerabilities arising in our technology offerings after their release could reduce the quality of our services or interfere with our customers’ access to and use of our technology and offerings.

If we are unable to deliver a rewarding experience on mobile devices, whether through our mobile website or iOS application, we may be unable to attract and retain customers.

Developing and supporting the reAlpha platform on a website and iOS application across multiple operating systems and devices requires substantial time and resources. We may not be able to consistently provide a rewarding customer experience on mobile devices and, as a result, customers we meet through the mobile application of reAlpha may not choose to use our services at the same rate as customers we interact through the reAlpha platform.

As new mobile devices and mobile operating systems are released, we may encounter problems in developing or supporting our mobile website or mobile application for them. Developing or supporting our mobile website or iOS application for new devices and their operating systems may require substantial time and resources. The success of our mobile website and iOS application could also be harmed by factors outside of our control, such as:

• increased costs to develop, distribute, or maintain our mobile website or mobile application;
• changes to the terms of service or requirements of a mobile application store that requires us to change our mobile application development or features in an adverse manner; and
• changes in mobile operating systems, such as Apple’s iOS, that disproportionately affect us, degrade the functionality of our mobile website or mobile application, require that we make costly upgrades to our technology offerings, or give preferential treatment to competitors’ websites or mobile applications.

We may be unable to attract homebuyers to the reAlpha platform in a cost-effective manner.

The website version and iOS application version of the reAlpha platform are our primary channels for meeting new customers seeking to purchase a home. Accordingly, our success depends on our ability to attract homebuyers to our website and iOS application in a cost-effective manner. To meet customers, we rely heavily on traffic generated from search engines and downloads of our mobile applications from mobile application stores. We also rely on marketing methods such as targeted email campaigns, paid search advertising, social media marketing, podcasts, and TV.

The number of visitors to our websites and downloads of our iOS application depend in large part on how and where our website and iOS application rank in internet search results and mobile application stores, respectively. While we use search engine optimization to help our website rank highly in search results, maintaining or improving our search result rankings is not within our control. Internet search engines frequently update and change their ranking algorithms, referral methodologies, or design layouts, which determine the placement and display of a user’s search results. In some instances, internet search engines may change these rankings, which may have the effect of promoting their own competing services or the services of one or more of our competitors. Similarly, mobile application stores can change how they display searches and how mobile applications are featured. For instance, editors at the Apple App Store can feature prominently editor-curated mobile applications and cause the mobile application to appear larger than other applications or more visibly on a featured list.

Additionally, our marketing efforts may fail to attract the desired number of customers for a variety of reasons, including the possibility that the creative treatment for our advertisements may be ineffective, the inability to obtain desired advertising spots on TV or new third-party email delivery policies may make it more difficult for us to execute targeted email campaigns.

If we are unable to adapt to changes in technology and the evolving demands of our customers, our business, results of operations, and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.

The real estate technology industry is characterized by rapidly changing technology, evolving industry standards, consolidation, frequent new offering announcements, introductions, and enhancements, and changing consumer demands and preferences. Our future success will depend on our ability to adapt our technologies and services to evolving industry standards and local preferences and to continually innovate and improve the performance, features, and reliability of our technologies and services in response to competitive offerings and the evolving demands of customers. Our future success will also depend on our ability to adapt to emerging technologies such as tokenization, cryptocurrencies, new authentication technologies, such as biometrics, distributed ledger and blockchain technologies, AI, virtual and augmented reality, and cloud technologies, and their applicability into the markets in which we operate. As a result, we intend to continue to spend significant resources maintaining, developing, and enhancing our technologies and the reAlpha platform; however, these efforts may be more costly than expected and may not be successful. For example, we may not make the appropriate investments in new technologies, which could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition. Further, technological innovation often results in unintended consequences such as bugs, vulnerabilities, and other system failures. Any such bug, vulnerability, or failure, especially in connection with a significant technical implementation or change, could result in lost business, harm to our brand or reputation, consumer complaints, and other adverse consequences, any of which could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

Risks Related to Our Securities

The market price and trading volume of our common stock may continue to be highly volatile, which could lead to a loss of all or part of a stockholder’s investment.

Recently, the stock markets generally have experienced, and will probably continue to experience, price and volume fluctuations that have affected the market price of the shares of many small-cap companies. These fluctuations have often been unrelated to the operating results of such companies and in recent times have been exacerbated by investors’ concerns stemming from geopolitical issues and changes in macroeconomic conditions. Factors that may affect the volatility of our stock price include the following:

• anticipated or actual fluctuations in our quarterly or annual operating results;
• fluctuations in interest rates;
• our success, or lack of success, in developing and marketing our products and services;
• terrorist attacks, natural disasters and the effects of climate change, regional and global conflicts, sanctions, laws and regulations that prohibit or limit operations in certain jurisdictions, public health crises or other such events impacting countries where we have operations;
• changes in macroeconomic conditions, including inflationary pressures;
• changes in financial estimates by us or of securities or industry analysts;
• the issuance of new or updated research reports by securities or industry analysts;
• the announcement of new products, services, or technological innovations by us or our competitors;
• the announcement of new customers, partners or suppliers;
• the ability to collect our outstanding accounts receivable;
• changes in our executive leadership;
• regulatory developments in our industry affecting us, our customers or our competitors;
• competition;
• actual or purported “short squeeze” trading activity; and
• the sale or attempted sale of a large amount of common stock, including sales of common stock following exercises of outstanding warrants.

In addition, the market price and trading volume of our common stock has, since our listing on Nasdaq, and may continue to exhibit, extreme volatility, including within a single trading day. Such volatility could cause purchasers of our common stock to incur substantial losses. With respect to these such instances of trading volatility, we are not aware of any material changes in our financial condition or results of operations that would explain such price volatility or trading volume, which we believe reflect market and trading dynamics unrelated to our operating business or prospects and outside of our control. We are thus unable to predict when such instances of trading volatility will occur or how long such dynamics may last. Under these circumstances, we would caution you against investing in our common stock unless you are prepared to incur the risk of incurring substantial losses.

A proportion of our common stock may be traded by short sellers which may put pressure on the supply and demand for our common stock, creating further price volatility. In particular, a possible “short squeeze” due to a sudden increase in demand of our common stock that largely exceeds supply may lead to sudden extreme price volatility in our common stock. Investors may purchase our common stock to hedge existing exposure in our common stock or to speculate on the price of our common stock. Speculation on the price of our common stock may involve long and short exposures. To the extent aggregate short exposure exceeds the number of common stock available for purchase in the open market, investors with short exposure may have to pay a premium to repurchase our common stock for delivery to lenders of our common stock. Those repurchases may in turn, dramatically increase the price of our common stock until investors with short exposure are able to purchase additional common stock to cover their short position. This is often referred to as a “short squeeze.” Following such a short squeeze, once investors purchase the shares necessary to cover their short position, the price of our common stock may rapidly decline. A short squeeze could lead to volatile price movements in our shares that are not directly correlated to the performance or prospects of our company and could cause purchasers of our common stock to incur substantial losses.

We are unable to predict when instances of trading volatility or “short-squeezing” may occur or how long such dynamics may last. Under these circumstances, we would caution you against investing in our common stock unless you are prepared to incur the risk of incurring substantial losses. Further, stockholders may institute securities class action litigation following periods of market volatility. If we were involved in securities litigation, we could incur substantial costs and our resources and the attention of management could be diverted from our business.

We have experienced, and expect to continue to experience, significant dilution of our common stock, which may adversely affect the market price of our common stock and make it more difficult to raise capital in the future.

During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, the number of shares of our common stock outstanding increased from approximately 45.9 million to approximately 131.7 million, representing an increase of approximately 187%. This increase resulted from multiple capital-raising transactions, including a warrant inducement transaction in April 2025, a best-efforts public offering and a registered direct offering in July 2025, and the exercise of related warrants in September and October 2025. For more information, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations––Liquidity and Capital Resources” herein. As of December 31, 2025, we also had outstanding warrants to purchase approximately 9.2 million additional shares of common stock at various exercise prices, as well as 250,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock, each of which is convertible into shares of our common stock on March 10, 2028, or earlier at the option of the holder. The exercise or conversion, as applicable, of these securities would result in further dilution to our stockholders. In addition, the resolution of our ongoing litigation with GYBL regarding the GEM Warrants, if adverse to us, could require a significant downward adjustment to the exercise price of the GEM Warrant that are exercisable to purchase approximately 1.7 million shares of common stock (in a cash exercise), which would increase the number of shares issuable upon exercise and result in additional dilution.

To the extent we continue to raise capital by issuing equity securities, our stockholders may experience substantial dilution. We may sell shares of common stock, convertible securities or other equity securities in one or more transactions at prices and in a manner we determine from time to time. In particular, we may sell a substantial number of shares of our common stock pursuant to our At The Market Offering Agreement (the “HCW Sales Agreement”) with H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC (“Wainwright”), pursuant to which we have the discretion to offer and sell securities in an amount not to exceed the number or dollar amount of shares of our common stock registered on the prospectus supplement covering the ATM offering, as may be amended or supplemented from time to time, in accordance with the terms of the HCW Sales Agreement. For more information, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations––Recent Developments––At the Market Offering” herein. We have the discretion to vary the timing, prices, and quantity of shares of our common stock sold; subject to market demand and market conditions.

We are also continuing to consider additional potential acquisitions in connection with our growth strategy, and these acquisitions could involve the issuance of additional shares of common stock or other equity securities. For example, in connection with our acquisitions of AiChat, reAlpha Mortgage and Prevu, we agreed to issue shares of common stock as part of the consideration thereof, and we agreed to issue shares of common stock as part of the consideration for the proposed acquisition of InstaMortgage.

Additionally, pursuant to the 2022 Plan, we are authorized to grant stock awards to our employees, directors and consultants. The 2022 Plan includes a stockholder-approved evergreen provision, which commencing October 15, 2025, permits automatic annual increases in the number of shares reserved under the 2022 Plan in an amount equal to the lesser of: (A) ten percent (10%) of the total number of shares of common stock issued and outstanding on October 14 of such year or (B) 15,000,000 shares of common stock; provided, that the Board may decide by October 15 of such year to provide that there shall be no increase in the shares of common stock available for issuance under the 2022 Plan for such fiscal year or that the increase shall be a lesser number of shares of common stock than otherwise provided under the automatic annual increase provision. Any grants under the 2022 Plan, including the 2025 Short Term Incentive Plan (the “STIP”), and automatic annual increases to the number of shares reserved under the 2022 Plan may result in additional dilution to our stockholders. These future issuances of additional common stock may also adversely affect the market price of our common stock and make it more difficult to raise capital in the future.

If we fail to regain compliance with the continued listing requirements of Nasdaq, our common stock could be delisted and the price and liquidity of our common stock may be adversely affected.

Our common stock may lose value and could be delisted from Nasdaq due to several factors or a combination of such factors. While our common stock is currently listed on Nasdaq, we can give no assurance that we will be able to regain compliance with the continued listing requirements of Nasdaq, including but not limited to the Minimum Bid Price Requirement.

On May 20, 2025, we received a letter from the Listing Qualifications Staff (the “Staff”) indicating that, based upon the closing bid price of our common stock for the 30 consecutive business days ending on May 19, 2025, we no longer met the Minimum Bid Price Requirement. In accordance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), we were provided a period of 180 calendar days, or until November 17, 2025, in which to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement.

On November 18, 2025, we received a second letter from the Staff granting our request for a 180-day extension to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement. We now have until May 18, 2026 (the “Additional Compliance Period”), to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement. This determination was based on us meeting the continued listing requirement for the market value of publicly held shares and all other initial listing standards for the Nasdaq Capital Market, except for the Minimum Bid Price Requirement, and our written notice of its intention to cure the deficiency during the Additional Compliance Period by effecting a reverse stock split, if necessary to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement. If at any time during the Additional Compliance Period, the bid price of our common stock closes at $1 per share or more for a minimum of ten consecutive business days, the Staff will provide us with written confirmation of compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement and the matter will be closed.

If we do not regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement during the Additional Compliance Period, the Staff will provide written notification to us that our common stock will be delisted. At that time, we may appeal the relevant delisting determination to a hearings panel pursuant to the procedures set forth in the applicable Nasdaq Listing Rules. However, there can be no assurance that, if we do appeal the delisting determination by Nasdaq to the hearings panel, that such appeal would be successful.

We will continue to monitor the closing bid price of our common stock as we consider our available options to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement, including by effectuating a reverse stock split. There can be no assurance that we will be able to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement or maintain compliance with the other continued listing requirements of Nasdaq.

If we were to be delisted, we would expect our common stock to be traded in the over-the-counter market which could adversely affect the liquidity of our common stock. Additionally, we could face significant material adverse consequences, including:

• a limited availability of market quotations for our common stock;
• a decreased ability to issue additional securities or obtain additional financing in the future;
• reduced liquidity for our stockholders;
• potential loss of confidence by customers, collaboration partners and employees; and
• loss of institutional investor interest.

In the event of a delisting, we can provide no assurance that any action taken by us to restore compliance with listing requirements would allow our common stock to become listed again, stabilize the market price or improve the liquidity of our common stock, prevent our common stock from dropping below the Minimum Bid Price Requirement, or prevent future non-compliance with Nasdaq’s listing requirements.

We may not be able to maintain brand recognition and potential investors’ awareness of or familiarity with our business, which may impact our common stock price and liquidity.

Although we have been able to engage with an audience of potential customers and/or investors through different channels, including webinars, email distribution, marketing materials and others, there is no guarantee that they will engage with or have a comprehensive understanding of our business. Brand recognition among our investor community may be limited, particularly with those community members who are not actively engaged with us or have not closely followed our progress. As a result, there is a risk that the demand for our shares may be constrained by the lack of widespread brand recognition and investor awareness.

Additionally, we first started our business as a short-term rental start-up that focused on syndications of real estate properties through exempt offerings. Since then, we have discontinued such operations and shifted our business focus to developing the reAlpha platform and AI technologies. Given this business strategy pivot, we cannot assure investors will still recognize us as the same company they previously were aware of or that this recent business shift will make our common stock more attractive to previous or new investors.

Further, our common stock trading may depend on the market’s perception and understanding of our business, which has recently changed. Investors’ awareness and familiarity with our industry, products, services, and competitive landscape are crucial factors influencing their decision to invest in our company. However, there is a risk that potential investors may have limited knowledge or incomplete understanding of our business model, technology, AI, or market potential. This lack of awareness or familiarity could impact their willingness to invest in our shares, thereby affecting demand.

Our ability to create demand for shares may be influenced by the competitive landscape in which we operate. If our competitors have a more established brand presence, greater market visibility, or a larger investor base, potential investors may be more inclined to invest in their offerings rather than ours. In such a scenario, we may face challenges in attracting investors and generating adequate demand for our shares.

We can issue and have issued shares of preferred stock, which may adversely affect the rights of holders of our common stock.

Our certificate of incorporation authorizes us to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock with designations, rights and preferences determined from time-to-time by our Board. Accordingly, our Board is empowered, without stockholder approval, to issue preferred stock with dividend, liquidation, conversion, voting or other rights superior to those of holders of our common stock. For example, an issuance of shares of preferred stock could:

• adversely affect the voting power of the holders of our common stock;
• make it more difficult for a third-party to gain control of us;
• discourage bids for our common stock at a premium;
• limit or eliminate any payments that the holders of our common stock could expect to receive upon our liquidation; or
• otherwise adversely affect the market price or our common stock.

We have in the past issued, and we may at any time in the future issue, shares of preferred stock. In connection with our transaction with Mercurius Media Capital LP (“MMC”), we issued 250,000 shares of our Series A Preferred Stock. Subject to and in accordance with the terms of the Certificate of Designation, each share of Series A Preferred Stock is convertible into one share of our common stock at the election of the holder during the initial three year-period following the issuance of such share of Series A Preferred Stock, and each share is automatically convertible at the end of such 3-year period following the issuance thereof, subject to certain beneficial ownership limitations. Each share of Series A Preferred Stock also has voting rights to vote on any matter presented to our stockholders on an as-converted basis and it ranks senior to our common stock as to distributions and payments upon our liquidation, dissolution and winding up. Further, our outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock accrue dividends in an amount equal to 3% per annum on a stated value of $20 per share (the “Stated Value”), subject to adjustment provided in the Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Certificate of Designation”), which will be payable in additional shares of Series A Preferred Stock or cash, to the extent there are any funds legally available therefor.

We may choose not to pay the accrued dividends of our Series A Preferred Stock in cash, may not have sufficient available cash to pay the dividends as they accrue or may be prohibited contractually, or pursuant to applicable law, from paying such dividends in cash. The payment of the dividends could reduce our available cash on hand, have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and cause the value of our stock to decline in value. Additionally, the issuance of shares of common stock upon conversion of our Series A Preferred Stock, including those that may be issued as payment for dividend accrued thereunder, could cause substantial dilution to existing stockholders.

We do not expect to pay dividends to our common stock holders for the foreseeable future.

We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock. We currently intend to retain future earnings, if any, to finance the expansion of our business. As a result, we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends to the holders of common stock in the foreseeable future. However, the holders of our Series A Preferred Stock are eligible to receive dividends on a yearly basis in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Series A Preferred Stock, which may be satisfied through the issuance of additional shares of Series A Preferred Stock or cash at the election of the holder. Our payment of any future dividends to our holders of common stock will be at the discretion of our Board after taking into account various factors, including but not limited to our financial condition, operating results, cash needs, growth plans and the terms of any credit agreements that we may be a party to at the time. Accordingly, investors must rely on sales of their common stock after price appreciation, which may never occur, as the only way to realize any future gains on their investments.

We are subject to additional regulatory burdens resulting from being listed on Nasdaq.

As a publicly traded company, we have and will continue to incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses. In addition, new and changing laws, regulations and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure for public companies, including the Dodd-Frank Act, SOX, regulations related thereto and the rules and regulations of the SEC and Nasdaq, have increased, and may continue to increase, the costs and the time that must be devoted to compliance matters. We expect these rules and regulations may continue to increase our legal and financial costs and lead to a diversion of management time and attention from revenue-generating activities.

Our certificate of incorporation provides that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware is the exclusive forum for certain disputes between us and our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers or employees.

Our certificate of incorporation (as amended from time to time, the “certificate of incorporation”) provides that, with certain limited exceptions, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware is the exclusive forum for:

• any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf;
• any action asserting a claim of breach of fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer or stockholder;
• any action asserting a claim against us arising under the Delaware General Corporation Law (“DGCL”), or as to which the DGCL confers jurisdiction on the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware;
• any action arising pursuant to any provision of our second amended and restated bylaws (the “bylaws”) or certificate of incorporation; and
• any action asserting a claim against us or any current or former director, officer or stockholder that is governed by the internal-affairs doctrine.

This provision does not apply to suits brought to enforce a duty or liability created by the Securities Act, Exchange Act or any other claim for which the U.S. federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction. In addition, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the federal district courts of the United States of America shall be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause or causes of action arising under the Securities Act, including all causes of action asserted against any defendant to such complaint.

For the avoidance of doubt, this provision is intended to benefit and may be enforced by us, our officers and directors, the underwriters to any offering giving rise to such complaint, and any other professional entity whose profession gives authority to a statement made by that person or entity and who has prepared or certified any part of the documents underlying the offering. However, these choice of forum provisions may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers, or other employees. Further, these choice of forum provisions may increase the costs for a stockholder to bring such a claim and may discourage them from doing so.

While the Delaware courts have determined that such choice of forum provisions are facially valid, a stockholder may nevertheless seek to bring a claim in a venue other than those designated in the exclusive forum provisions, and there can be no assurance that such provisions will be enforced by a court in those other jurisdictions. If a court were to find the choice of forum provision contained in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions. For example, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware recently determined that the exclusive forum provisions of federal district courts of the United States of America for resolving any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act is not enforceable. We note that investors cannot waive compliance with the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder.

Our Board may change significant corporate policies without stockholder approval.

Our investment, financing, borrowing and dividend policies and our policies with respect to all other activities, including growth, debt, capitalization and operations, will be determined by our Board. These policies may be amended or revised at any time and from time to time at the discretion of our Board without a vote of our stockholders. In addition, our Board may change our policies with respect to conflicts of interest provided that such changes are consistent with applicable legal requirements.

The rights of our stockholders to take action against our directors and officers are limited.

Our certificate of incorporation provides for indemnification of our directors and officers to the fullest extent authorized or permitted under Delaware law, except to the extent such exemption from liability or limitation thereof is not permitted under the DGCL as the same exists or hereafter may be amended.

Our bylaws obligates us to indemnify each of our directors or officers who is or is threatened to be made a party to or witness in a proceeding by reason of his or her service in those or certain other capacities, to the maximum extent permitted by Delaware law, from and against any claim or liability to which such person may become subject or which such person may incur by reason of his or her status as a present or former director or officer of us or serving in such other capacities. In addition, we have entered into separate indemnification agreements with our directors and officers, which provide that we may be obligated to reimburse the expenses reasonably incurred by our present and former directors and officers in connection with such proceedings. As a result, we and our stockholders may have more limited rights to recover money damages from our directors and officers than might otherwise exist absent these provisions in our bylaws or that might exist with other companies, which could limit your recourse in the event of actions that are not in our best interests.

We are an emerging growth company and a smaller reporting company and intend to take advantage of reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies, which could make the common stock less attractive to investors.

We are an “emerging growth company” (“EGC”) as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act’”). We will remain an EGC until the earliest to occur of (i) the last day of the fiscal year in which it has total annual gross revenue of $1.235 billion or more; (ii) the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the date of the first sale of common stock pursuant to this registration statement; (iii) the date on which it has issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt securities during the prior three-year period; or (iv) the date it qualifies as a “large accelerated filer” under the rules of the SEC, which means the market value of the common stock held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the last business day of its most recently completed second fiscal quarter after it has been a reporting company in the United States for at least 12 months. For so long as we remain an EGC, it is permitted to and intends to rely upon exemptions from certain disclosure requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not EGCs. These exemptions include not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of SOX.

We may take advantage of some, but not all, of the available exemptions available to EGCs. We cannot predict whether investors will find the common stock less attractive if it relies on these exemptions. If some investors find the common stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for the common stock and the price of the common stock may be more volatile.

We are also a smaller reporting company, as defined in Rule 405 promulgated under the Securities Act (“SRC”). As an SRC, our Company intends to utilize certain reduced disclosure requirements, including publishing two years of audited financial statements instead of three years, as required for companies that do not qualify as an SRC. Our Company will remain an SRC until the last day of the fiscal year in which it had (i) a public float that exceeded $250 million or (ii) annual revenues of more than $100 million and a public float that exceeded $700 million. To the extent our Company takes advantage of such reduced disclosure obligations, it may make comparison of its financial statements to those of other public companies difficult or impossible.

After our Company ceases to be an SRC, it is expected to incur additional management time and cost to comply with the more stringent reporting requirements applicable to companies that are accelerated filers or large accelerated filers, including complying with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of SOX.

Risks Related to Our Cryptocurrency Investment Policy and Treasury Strategy

Our cryptocurrency investment policy exposes us to various risks associated with cryptocurrencies.

Our cryptocurrency investment policy and treasury strategy exposes us to various risks associated with cryptocurrencies, including the following:

• cryptocurrencies are a highly volatile asset;
• cryptocurrencies do not pay interest or dividends;
• our cryptocurrency holdings, if any, may significantly impact our financial results and the market price of our common stock;
• our cryptocurrency investment policy and treasury strategy has not been tested over an extended period of time or under different market conditions;
• we are subject to counterparty risks, including in particular risks relating to custodian who hold our cryptocurrencies;
• the broader digital assets industry is subject to counterparty risks, including without limitation bankruptcies of digital asset companies, the closure or liquidation of financial institutions providing lending and other services to the digital assets industry and regulatory enforcement risk, which could adversely impact the adoption rate, price, and use of cryptocurrencies;
• changes in our ownership of cryptocurrencies could have accounting, regulatory and other impacts; and
• holding cryptocurrencies could increase the volatility of our results of operations due to fair value accounting.

The broader digital assets industry, including the technology associated with digital assets, the rate of adoption and development of, and use cases for, digital assets, market perception of digital assets, and the legal, regulatory, and accounting treatment of digital assets are constantly developing and changing, and there may be additional risks in the future that are not possible to predict.

We may acquire cryptocurrencies on an ongoing basis, which may subject us to exchange risk and additional tax, legal, and regulatory requirements.

As of December 31, 2025, we do not hold any cryptocurrency, however, in accordance with our cryptocurrency investment policy, we may acquire cryptocurrencies in an amount not to exceed 25% of our cash and cash equivalents, if any, in excess of our estimated operating expenses for the six-month period from the date of the proposed purchase, which estimated operating expenses include our allocation for acquisition expenses and estimated future current liabilities for such six-month period, and to hold such cryptocurrencies we purchase as our primary treasury reserve assets until such time we deem it appropriate, subject to market conditions and our operating needs.

The prices of cryptocurrencies such as bitcoin and ethereum have been and may continue to be highly volatile, and our ability to sell cryptocurrencies for fiat currencies or other cryptocurrencies may be subject to unanticipated suspensions in trading, as well as exchange rate risk. While we have not yet acquired any cryptocurrencies, our investment policy allows us to make investments in cryptocurrencies for treasury purposes, which cryptocurrencies will be limited to bitcoin, ethereum, solana and any other cryptocurrency that the SEC, Commodities Futures Trading Commission, or high-ranking members of the staff of such regulatory bodies may, through public statements or guidance, identify as likely not being a security. Such determinations, however, are risk-based judgments made by us, and while such judgments are informed by regulatory developments, any such determination does not constitute a legal standard or determination binding on any regulatory body.

Cryptocurrencies have no physical form and rely on blockchain and other technologies for their creation, existence, and transactional validation on their respective blockchains. This reliance subjects cryptocurrencies, cryptocurrency exchanges, and other blockchain intermediaries to unique risks related to cybersecurity, malicious attack, and technological obsolescence. While we believe we have taken reasonable measures to secure any cryptocurrencies we may acquire, these risks, in addition to human errors and computer malfunctions, may result in the loss or destruction of private keys needed to access the cryptocurrencies we hold and blockchain technology we control. In which case, we may lose part or all of the cryptocurrencies we hold and blockchain technology we control, and our financial condition and results of operations may be harmed.

While we believe cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology have significant potential, the popularity and prevalence of cryptocurrencies is a relatively recent trend, and whether cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology will continue to be adopted by consumers and businesses in the long term is uncertain. There has been increased focus on the use of cryptocurrencies for improper, illegal, or fraudulent activities associated with various cryptocurrency projects, and the environmental risks posed by cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology. Many cryptocurrencies are distributed without an identifiable centralized issuer or governing body, and their legal and regulatory status in various jurisdictions is unclear and may change in the future. New legislation and regulations, law enforcement and regulatory interventions, and judicial decisions may adversely affect cryptocurrencies, blockchain technology, and future adoption of both by consumers and businesses. Developments of this nature may also adversely affect the value of cryptocurrencies we hold, blockchain technology we control, and our ability to buy, sell, accept, and use cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology in the future.

Regulatory change reclassifying cryptocurrencies as a security could lead to our classification as an “investment company” under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and could adversely affect the market price of cryptocurrencies and the market price of our common stock.

Under Sections 3(a)(1)(A) and (C) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (as amended, the “1940 Act”), a company generally will be deemed to be an “investment company” for purposes of the 1940 Act if (1) it is, or holds itself out as being, engaged primarily, or proposes to engage primarily, in the business of investing, reinvesting or trading in securities or (2) it engages, or proposes to engage, in the business of investing, reinvesting, owning, holding or trading in securities and it owns or proposes to acquire investment securities having a value exceeding 40% of the value of its total assets (exclusive of U.S. government securities and cash items) on an unconsolidated basis. We do not believe that we are an “investment company,” as such term is defined in the 1940 Act, and are not registered as an “investment company” under the 1940 Act as of the date hereof.

While the SEC stated that its view is that bitcoin and ethereum are not “securities” for purposes of the federal securities laws, the SEC has not provided an official position regarding other cryptocurrencies. Therefore, to the extent we hold any cryptocurrencies, a contrary determination by the SEC regarding bitcoin and ethereum, or the SEC’s determination that cryptocurrencies such as solana are “securities” for purposes of federal securities laws, could lead to our classification as an “investment company” under the 1940 Act, if the portion of our assets consisting of investments in cryptocurrencies exceed 40% safe harbor limits prescribed in the 1940 Act, which would subject us to significant additional regulatory controls under the 1940 Act that could have a material adverse effect on our business and operations and may also require us to change the manner in which we conduct our business.

We monitor our assets and income for compliance under the 1940 Act and seek to conduct our business activities in a manner such that we do not fall within its definitions of “investment company” or that we qualify under one of the exemptions or exclusions provided by the 1940 Act and corresponding SEC regulations. If cryptocurrencies are determined to constitute a security for purposes of the federal securities laws, and to the extent we acquire any cryptocurrencies, we would take steps to reduce the percentage of cryptocurrency that constitute investment assets under the 1940 Act. These steps may include, among others, selling cryptocurrencies that we might otherwise hold for the long term and deploying our cash in non-investment assets, and we may be forced to sell our cryptocurrencies at unattractive prices. We may also seek to acquire additional non-investment assets to maintain compliance with the 1940 Act, and we may need to incur debt, issue additional equity or enter into other financing arrangements that are not otherwise attractive to our business. Any of these actions could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. Moreover, we can make no assurance that we would successfully be able to take the necessary steps to avoid being deemed to be an investment company in accordance with the safe harbor. If we were unsuccessful, and if cryptocurrencies are determined to constitute a security for purposes of the federal securities laws, then we would have to register as an investment company, and the additional regulatory restrictions imposed by 1940 Act could adversely affect the market price of cryptocurrencies and in turn adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

Risk Management and Strategy

We acknowledge the critical importance of developing, implementing, and maintaining robust cybersecurity measures to safeguard our information systems and protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of our data. While we are in the process of enhancing our cybersecurity practices, we are committed to continually improving and adapting to evolving threats to maintain a high standard of protection and to meet industry best practices.

Managing Material Risks and Integrated Overall Risk Management

We have developed and implemented a cybersecurity program that seeks to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of our information assets, including its critical systems. We use information security management standards, such as ISO 27001, as a guide to help us identify, assess, and manage cybersecurity risks relevant to our business.

We have integrated cybersecurity risk management into our broader enterprise risk management framework. This integration is designed to promote a company-wide culture of cybersecurity awareness and risk management. Our risk management team, in collaboration with external consultants, has assessed and addressed and continues to assess and address cybersecurity risks in alignment with our operational and business needs. This integration ensures that cybersecurity considerations are increasingly embedded in our decision-making processes at every level.

Our cybersecurity framework also draws upon the National Institute of Standards and Technology Cybersecurity Framework (at its currently 2.0 version), which provides guidance for identifying, assessing, and managing cybersecurity risks. While we are in the early stages of fully implementing this framework, we are committed to following its principles as we strengthen our cybersecurity measures to protect both our digital and physical assets.

Engage Third-parties on Risk Management

Recognizing the evolving nature of cybersecurity threats, we have engaged with external experts, including cybersecurity assessors, consultants, and auditors, to assess and enhance our risk management systems. These third-parties have and continue to assist us with evaluating our cybersecurity posture, recommending improvements, and advising on the implementation of best practices. In 2025, we completed a comprehensive cybersecurity assessment across all platforms with external experts, such as Amazon Web Services, amongst others. As we progress, we will continue leveraging these external insights to enhance our cybersecurity strategies and ensure alignment with industry standards.

Oversee Third-party Risk

We understand the potential risks associated with third-party service providers, and we are working on implementing stronger oversight processes. While we have initiated security assessments for our third-party providers, we are in the process of enhancing these efforts to include more frequent evaluations and ongoing monitoring. This will help mitigate the risk of security incidents originating from third-parties.

Risks from Cybersecurity Threats

To date, we have not encountered cybersecurity incidents that have materially impaired our operations or financial condition. However, given the data-driven nature of our business and the prevalent use of technology in operating our business, we face cybersecurity risks inherent to our normal course of operation that, if realized, are reasonably likely to materially affect our operations or financial condition. As a result, we have a dedicated cybersecurity response team and proactively prepare for the possibility of cybersecurity risks, ensuring that our systems are protected against potential threats. The cybersecurity response team (i) responds to actual and suspected cybersecurity threats, (ii) assesses the severity of any such actual or suspected cybersecurity threat, (iii) prepares and maintains incident reports and (iv) prepares cybersecurity incident response procedures designed to help protect the security of the Company’s systems.

Governance

Our Board understands the critical nature of cybersecurity and is closely involved in overseeing our efforts to mitigate cybersecurity risks. We continue to formalize governance structures and oversight mechanisms to ensure that these risks are managed effectively, with the aim of strengthening our operational integrity and enhancing stockholder confidence. As of December 31, 2025, no risks from cybersecurity threats, including as a result of cybersecurity incidents we have experienced in the past, have materially affected us, including our results of operations and financial condition.

Management’s Role Managing Risk

Our Chief Technology Officer (“CTO”) is the senior officer responsible for cybersecurity risk management. Our CTO receives regular updates, which include an overview of the current cybersecurity landscape, the status of ongoing initiatives, and compliance with regulatory requirements. We are establishing structured processes for ongoing communication among the executive team to ensure they remain informed and timely involved in key cybersecurity decisions.

Risk Management Monitoring

We are committed to regularly monitoring cybersecurity risks and are in the process of implementing enhanced monitoring systems. With the assistance of cybersecurity consultants, we are refining our cybersecurity policies and controls, including regular audits and the deployment of advanced security measures such as Multi-Factor Authentication and stronger email filtering protocols. In addition, we have an incident response team and are continuing to refine our incident response plans, communication protocols, and disaster recovery plans to be prepared for any potential cybersecurity incidents.

Security Training

We are providing cybersecurity training to our employees and plan to continue enhancing this program on an ongoing basis. Regular updates and internal campaigns will ensure that our employees are well-prepared to identify and respond to cybersecurity threats in an effective manner.

Reporting to Management and the Board

The CTO regularly provides reports and informs the CEO and CFO cybersecurity profile. These reports address the status of risk mitigation initiatives, the evolving threat landscape, the results of vulnerability assessments and penetration testing, and the progress of key cybersecurity programs, including the implementation of a Zero Trust access framework, continuous vulnerability scanning with centralized alerting, and our pursuit of SOC 2 readiness.

The Board maintains direct oversight of the Company’s cybersecurity program. Management provides the Board with no fewer than annual comprehensive briefings on cybersecurity risk assessment, the effectiveness of the Company’s information security controls and the status of ongoing cybersecurity initiatives. These briefings also cover the Company’s incident response preparedness and any changes in the regulatory environment affecting the Company’s cybersecurity obligations.

In addition to the regularly scheduled briefings, significant cybersecurity matters will be escalated to the Board for review, where management, including the CTO, will provide detailed updates on risk assessments, incident responses, and the effectiveness of our cybersecurity strategies. The Board will continue to evaluate the progress of our cybersecurity initiatives and offer guidance to help strengthen our efforts.

Our principal office is located at 6515 Longshore Loop, Suite 100, Dublin, OH 43017, with satellite corporate offices in New Jersey and Bengaluru, India. We lease approximately 250 square feet in a co-working business center in Ohio, approximately 440 square feet in a co-working business center in New Jersey and approximately 700 square feet in a co-working business center in Bengaluru, India. We also lease offices in other markets where we conduct business, in Nepal and in Singapore.

We do not own any real property and believe these locations are suitable and adequate for our levels of operations.

India Proceeding Involving Giri Devanur

In 2006, Mr. Devanur became the CEO of an India-based company named Gandhi City Research Park, Private Limited (“Gandhi City Research Park”). Gandhi City Research Park was liquidated as a result of the Lehman Brothers collapse in 2009. In 2010, an investor in Gandhi City Research Park filed a fraud complaint with the Cubbon Park Police Station in Bengaluru, India, against, among others, Mr. Devanur. In 2014, the Cubbon Park Police dismissed all claims. Subsequently, in 2015 the investor appealed the Cubbon Park Police’s decision before the Lower Court. In November 2018, the Lower Court issued a criminal summons against, among others, Mr. Devanur. Mr. Devanur petitioned the High Court to quash the summons. By order dated March 27, 2023, the High Court granted Mr. Devanur’s petition and ordered the Lower Court to reconsider the investor’s appeal. On August 3, 2023, the Lower Court decided to uphold the Cubbon Park Police’s decision and close the criminal case against Mr. Devanur. On December 4, 2023, Mr. Devanur received a petition to challenge the Lower Court’s order to uphold the Cubbon Park Police’s decision and close Mr. Devanur’s criminal case. Mr. Devanur is vigorously contesting this petition.

Malpractice Lawsuit

On July 13, 2023, the Company filed a complaint in Franklin County, Ohio (the “Complaint”), against Buchanan, Ingersoll & Rooney, PC (“Buchanan”), Rajiv Khanna (“Khanna”) (now deceased) and Brian S. North (“North,” together with Buchanan and Khanna, the “Buchanan Legal Counsel”). The Complaint alleges that the Buchanan Legal Counsel failed to provide proper and timely legal advice during the Company’s Tier 2 Regulation A offering, resulting in late Blue Sky notice filings with all required states prior to the Company offering and selling securities in those states. As a result, the Company was subject to a number of inquiries, investigations, and subpoenas by the various states, incurring significant legal fees and fines, lost opportunity due to pausing its Regulation A campaign, and the loss of an institutional investment. The Company is seeking the forfeit of all legal fees associated with this matter; certain losses incurred as the result of the misconduct by the Buchanan Legal Counsel that the Company is legally entitled to recover, including additional fees and expenses and any damages provable from the loss of the institutional investment; and further legal and equitable relief as the Court deems just and proper. The Buchanan Legal Counsel are vigorously defending the claims by the Company, have asserted a number of defenses and filed a counterclaim for billed but unpaid fees (the “Counterclaim,” together with the Complaint, the “Lawsuit”). The Company generally denied the allegations in the Counterclaim and asserted a number of defenses. The Company contends that any damages claimed by the Buchanan Legal Counsel arise from their own negligence and failure to meet their contractual and professional obligations. This case is scheduled to go to trial in late 2026. The Company cannot guarantee the timing and duration of the trial or eventual outcome of the claims and defenses by any party in the Lawsuit.

GEM Lawsuit

On November 1, 2024, we filed a lawsuit against GYBL in the Court pursuant to which we asserted two causes of action: (i) rescission of the GEM Warrants issued to GYBL under the GEM Agreement, by and among us, GEM, under Section 29(b) of the Exchange Act, due to GYBL’s underlying violation of Section 15(a) of the Exchange Act for effecting the GEM Warrants as an unregistered dealer, and (ii) in the alternative, a declaratory judgment that the exercise price adjustment calculation of the GEM Warrants is governed by the terms provided in the GEM Warrants, rather than the terms of the GEM Agreement. Following a motion to dismiss filed by GYBL on January 17, 2025, the Court granted such motion to dismiss on March 14, 2025. On April 15, 2025, we filed an appeal of the Court’s decision dismissing our case to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit (the “Second Circuit”). The parties filed a stipulation to withdraw the appeal pending in the Second Circuit on March 11, 2026.

Additionally, following the Court’s grant of GYBL’s motion to dismiss our lawsuit, GYBL filed a separate lawsuit against us, in which GYBL is asserting two causes of action against us: (1) breach of the terms of the GEM Warrants, and (2) declaratory relief concerning the validity and enforceability of the GEM Warrants. In addition to the declaratory relief, GYBL is seeking monetary damages in an amount to be determined at trial, specific performance of the GEM Warrants and attorneys’ fees and litigation costs. On June 9, 2025, we filed a motion to dismiss this lawsuit from GYBL. GYBL responded to our motion to dismiss on June 23, 2025, asserting that our motion to dismiss should be denied, or, in the alternative, GYBL should be given leave to further amend its complaint. On June 30, 2025, the Company filed a reply in support of its motion to dismiss. On August 21, 2025, the Court granted, in part, our motion to dismiss the amended complaint with respect to GYBL’s claim for declaratory relief concerning the validity and enforceability of the GEM Warrants. The Court denied our motion to dismiss in all other respects. Following the Court’s partial grant and partial dismissal of our motion to dismiss, we filed an answer to GYBL’s amended complaint on September 4, 2025.

Securities and Exchange Board of India Adjudication Order

On March 3, 2026, the Securities and Exchange Board of India (“SEBI”) issued an adjudication order (Adjudication Order No. ORDER/AK/RK/2025-26/32161-32170) in connection with financial reporting practices of Coffee Day Enterprises Limited (“Coffee Day”), a company listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange and the National Stock Exchange of India Limited, relating to the accounting treatment of interest on borrowings under applicable SEBI rules and regulations for certain prior financial periods of Coffee Day, including for the fiscal year periods of 2019-2020 to 2023-2024 and financial results for the fiscal year period of 2019-2020 to 2024-2025. The order by SEBI imposed a monetary penalty on certain independent directors and executives of Coffee Day, including a monetary penalty of 300,000 Indian rupees (approximately $3,260) on Giri Devanur, who served on Coffee Day’s board of directors from December 2020 until October 2024, in connection with his oversight responsibilities during the relevant periods. This matter related to certain accounting treatment and disclosure interpretations at Coffee Day and did not involve allegations of personal misconduct. The monetary penalty has been addressed in accordance with applicable procedures.

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this report. In addition to historical information, this discussion and analysis here and throughout this report contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements due to a number of factors, including but not limited to, the risks described in the section titled “Risk Factors.”

Overview

We are a real estate technology company developing an end-to-end homebuying platform, which we have named reAlpha. Our goal is to offer, through our AI-powered platform, a more affordable, streamlined experience for those on the journey to homeownership. The reAlpha platform integrates AI-driven tools to offer, among others, tailored property recommendations, an intuitive visual interface, and certain services, including realty services, mortgage brokering services, and digital title and escrow services within the platform.

Our revenue model revolves around: (i) our homebuying services, which include realty services (e.g., assisting a homebuyer with finding, touring, and closing on homes), mortgage brokering services (e.g., finding and originating a mortgage for the homebuyer that fits their financial situation, needs, credit, and location), and digital title and escrow services (e.g., title, closing and settlement fees) directly to customers, mainly through the reAlpha platform, and (ii) our technology services, including software development services provided by our subsidiaries U.S. Naamche and reAlpha Nepal Pvt Limited to businesses and the AI-powered conversational platform provided to customers by our subsidiary, AiChat.

We are continuously working to commercialize, enhance and refine our AI technologies to support our homebuying services and technology services and to continue generating revenue. As part of our growth strategy, we also plan to continue identifying and acquiring companies that are complementary to our business, and we intend to generate revenue from integrating such acquired companies and their capabilities into our business. To advance such strategy, we have, in recent years, announced the acquisitions of reAlpha Nepal, AiChat, Hyperfast, reAlpha Mortgage and Prevu, as well as the proposed acquisition of InstaMortgage, which would expand our mortgage operations by adding direct lending capabilities. Although we previously announced and completed the acquisition of GTG during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, GTG is no longer one of our subsidiaries as of August 21, 2025. For more information, see “Note 5–Business Combinations–Rescission of GTG Financial Acquisition” herein.

Before shifting our focus towards the development of our homebuying services and technology services, our operational model was asset-heavy and built on utilizing our proprietary AI-powered technology tools for the acquisition of real estate, converting them into short-term rentals, and enabling individual investors to acquire fractional interests in these real estate properties, allowing such investors to receive distributions based on the properties’ performance as a short-term rental. In the first quarter of 2024, we decided to halt these operations due to macroeconomic conditions, such as higher interest rates, inflation, and elevated property prices, which conditions persisted throughout the fiscal year 2024. This led us to sell our last real property asset for such operations, and to recognize the impairment of goodwill and intangible assets under the rental business segment. As a result, in the first quarter of 2025, our Board approved the discontinuation of our short-term rental business operations entirely and this discontinuation meets the criteria for being reported as discontinued operations. We currently have two reportable segments: our homebuying services segment and our technology services segment.

Homebuying Services

Our homebuying services segment consists of our (i) realty services offered by reAlpha Realty and Prevu; (ii) mortgage brokering services offered by reAlpha Mortgage and (iii) digital title and escrow services offered by Hyperfast. These services are mainly provided through the reAlpha platform, which supports homebuyers with key tasks such as booking property tours, submitting offer letters, mortgage pre-approval and closing transactions. It also provides detailed market insights and comprehensive property data tailored to users’ areas of interest.

We seek to differentiate ourselves from competitors primarily through the vertical integration of homebuying services (real estate brokerage, mortgage brokering, title and escrow services) within a single platform; the integration of AI into our homebuying services offerings and our rebate, which is further described below. We have integrated AI into our homebuying services offerings through our development of “Claire,” a proprietary, customer-facing AI-powered agent acting as a digital homebuying concierge, and internal AI-powered tools for our loan officers. “Claire” is powered by large language models and provides real-time customer support by answering questions and guiding customers through each step of the homebuying journey through a user-friendly, 24/7 web and iOS interface. “Claire” is complemented by licensed professionals, namely real estate agents and loan officers, who step in when their expertise is needed.

In addition to “Claire,” we use AI-powered internal tools, such as our proprietary AI-powered “Loan Officer Assistant,” which is intended to reduce manual review time for our loan officers, and the AI-powered “Engagement Agent,” which integrates with our customer relationship management system to automate certain intake and scheduling and other pre-application workflows for our loan officers. The “Loan Officer Assistant” automates key loan origination tasks, such as document collection and borrower communication and is designed to help loan officers manage higher volumes with greater efficiency while the “Engagement Agent” is designed to accelerate prospective borrower’s connection to loan officers for personalized support, improve prospective borrower engagement and reduce repetitive administrative work related to the intake, follow-up and scheduling processes.

As part of our strategy to differentiate ourselves from competitors and provide a customer-centric homebuying experience, we offer a rebate to homebuyers using the reAlpha platform.

Pursuant to the terms of the current commission rebate, homebuyers can receive a rebate of up to 1.0% of the home purchase price when using our realty services and an additional rebate of up to 0.5% of the home purchase price when bundling the mortgage brokering services with our realty services, in each case subject to the limitations, terms and conditions described in the buyer agreement. The current commission rebate is paid to the homebuyer as a rebate towards closing costs, which is reflected on the settlement statement at closing.

Prior to the implementation of the current commission rebate in mid-January 2026, we offered the historic commission rebate, whereby eligible homebuyers could receive up to 75% of the buy-side brokerage commission paid in connection with the purchase of a home through the reAlpha platform as a rebate towards closing costs, subject to market-specific commissions and minimums. The buy-side brokerage commission was dependent on the geographical market of the home purchased and the percentage of the historic commission rebate available to a homebuyer was determined based on their use of eligible integrated services offered via the reAlpha platform, such as realty, mortgage brokering, and digital title and escrow services. Under this model, homebuyers could receive a 25% rebate when using only realty services, 50% when using two services and 75% when using all three services. The update to the current commission rebate in mid-January 2026 was designed to make the rebate easier for customers to understand.

Currently, all three services (realty, mortgage brokering, and title services) are only available on the reAlpha platform for homebuyers in Florida and Virginia. However, two of the three services are offered to homebuyers in eight additional U.S. states, and at least one service is available in an additional 25 U.S. states and the District of Columbia. While our homebuying services are currently offered in 35 U.S. states and the District of Columbia, we plan to offer our homebuying services (and expand the capabilities of the reAlpha platform) nationwide, subject to factors such as acquiring and maintaining necessary real estate and mortgage licenses in each U.S. state and the District of Columbia, securing additional multiple listing service data, executing effective national marketing campaigns and building scalable technology infrastructure.

Technology Services

Our technology services segment includes: (i) software development services provided by reAlpha Nepal to us and third parties and (ii) the AI-powered conversational platform provided to customers by AiChat. We expect that our technology services segment will benefit from the current growth of the AI industry, and we believe that we are well-positioned to take advantage of these current trends due to our early adoption of AI for the development of our technologies.

reAlpha Nepal’s Software Development Services

reAlpha Nepal provides services related to the development of technology, AI and applications, as well as other technology support to the reAlpha platform and to third parties. For example, reAlpha Nepal developed the Company’s AI-powered tools such as the proprietary, customer-facing “Claire” and our internal AI-powered “Loan Officer Assistant” and “Engagement Agent.” reAlpha Nepal also provides monthly technology support services to third parties.

AiChat’s Conversational Platform

AiChat provides AI-powered conversational customer experience platforms in the APAC region. AiChat’s conversational platform enables businesses to automate and optimize customer service, marketing, and e-commerce processes through the integration of major messaging channels in the APAC region, including Facebook Messenger, WhatsApp, Instagram, LINE, and KakaoTalk. AiChat also offers customers the ability to integrate their e-commerce platforms with payment gateways, which is powered by Stripe’s financial infrastructure, enabling them to sell products via messaging channels such as WhatsApp Pay directly to their customers. Through these capabilities, AiChat is able to offer customers a comprehensive array of customer service solutions, ranging from customer inquiry and AI-powered recommendations via its AI agents and chatbot capabilities, to completing the purchase through WhatsApp.

AiChat’s technology is built on conversational and generative AI models, supporting over 270 languages, including regional languages like Singlish and Bahasa. The conversational platform incorporates features such as contextual memory, real-time analytics, and personalized messaging to facilitate customer interactions. Key functionalities of the platform include automated responses, lead qualification, and customer engagement automation. Further, its recently released next-generation AI agents, which include Voice AI and Agentic AI, can provide human-like interactions and personalize responses based on the context of previous conversations, remembering customer preferences and past interactions to deliver more relevant recommendations. With self-learning and multi-turn contextual awareness, AiChat’s next-generation AI agents can scale human-like interactions while maintaining brand consistency, which we believe can improve customer loyalty and overall customer service satisfaction.

AiChat generates revenue through subscription packages of its conversational platforms and next-generation AI agents. These packages are tailored to businesses based on their size, needs and the volume of customer interactions. AiChat offers flexible pricing models, including monthly and annual subscriptions, as well as performance-based pricing for specific integrations and services, such as automated marketing campaigns and e-commerce automation.

Recent Developments

Acquisition of Prevu, Inc.

On November 21, 2025, we entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Prevu Merger Agreement”) with Prevu, reAlpha Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a newly formed wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company and Prevu’s stockholder representative. The Prevu Merger Agreement provided that, among other things and on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth therein, Merger Sub merged with and into Prevu, with Prevu surviving the merger as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. This merger became effective on November 21, 2025, upon the filing and acceptance of the Certificate of Merger by the Secretary of State of Delaware.

Proposed Merger with InstaMortgage Inc.

On December 19, 2025, we entered into the Merger Agreement with InstaMortgage, the Merger Sub and the stockholders of InstaMortgage (the “Stockholders”).

The Merger Agreement provides that, among other things and on the terms and subject to the satisfaction or waiver of the closing conditions and other conditions set forth therein, Merger Sub will merge with and into InstaMortgage at the effective time of the Proposed Merger (as defined above) (the “Effective Time”), with InstaMortgage surviving the Proposed Merger as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company.

Pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Merger Agreement, we agreed to pay the Stockholders an aggregate amount of $8,500,000, subject to certain closing adjustments, consisting of: (i) $500,000 in cash to be paid on the closing date of the Proposed Merger, less any applicable withholding tax payable by the Stockholders in accordance with the terms of the Merger Agreement; (ii) $1,500,000 in shares of our common stock to be issued on the closing date of the Proposed Merger and valued based on the VWAP of our common stock as reported on Nasdaq for the ten (10) consecutive trading day period ending on and including the trading day that is one (1) trading day prior to the date of the Merger Agreement; and (iii) $6,500,000 payable in bi-annual payments over three (3) years following the closing date of the Proposed Merger, either in cash or shares of common stock (the “Additional Payment Purchaser Stock”), at our sole discretion, with such Additional Payment Purchaser Stock, if any, valued based on the VWAP of our common stock as reported on Nasdaq or such other trading market, as applicable, for the ten (10) consecutive trading days ending on the date immediately prior to the date on which such issuance is to be made.

Under the terms of the Merger Agreement, the completion of the Proposed Merger is subject to the satisfaction or waiver of certain customary closing conditions, including, among others: (i) the accuracy of the parties’ respective representations and warranties in the Merger Agreement, subject to specified materiality qualifications; (ii) compliance by the parties with their respective covenants in the Merger Agreement in all material respects; (iii) the absence of a Material Adverse Effect (as defined in the Merger Agreement) with respect to InstaMortgage or the Company on or after the date of the Merger Agreement and continuing as of immediately prior to the Effective Time; (iv) delivery by each party of the closing deliverables; and (v) receipt of the Regulatory Approvals (as defined in the Merger Agreement), in each case subject to certain limitations further described in the Merger Agreement.

At the Market Offering

On April 2, 2025, we entered into the HCW Sales Agreement under which we may offer and sell shares of our common stock from time to time through Wainwright, acting as exclusive sales agent. On December 23, 2025, we filed a prospectus supplement to our registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-283284) to increase the amount of shares of common stock that we could offer and sell under the HCW Sales Agreement to an aggregate offering price of up to $20,000,000. As of the date of this report, we have sold an aggregate of 25,000 shares of our common stock for aggregate net proceeds of approximately $12,546 following the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025.

Impact of Macroeconomic Conditions, Cyclicality and Seasonality on our Business

U.S. inflation remained above the Federal Reserve’s stated 2% target, which rose 2.7% in December 2025 from 12 months earlier. In response to continued inflationary pressures, the Federal Reserve lowered the target federal funds rate by 25 basis points to a range of 3.5% to 3.75% at its December 2025 meeting, signaling a sustained cautious approach as inflation and housing activity moderate.

Mortgage rates remained elevated during 2025, with the average 30-year fixed mortgage rates remaining at nearly 6% by year-end. Elevated borrowing costs, combined with limited housing inventory, have continued to constrain affordability and weigh on home purchase activity and mortgage origination volume. These factors, along with macroeconomic uncertainty, have contributed to slower transaction volumes across much of the housing market.

The residential real estate market is cyclical, with performance influenced by macroeconomic trends, interest rates, credit availability, lending standards and major disruptions in economic or political environments. Local markets may follow different patterns than national trends, leading to regional variations in activity. In addition, transaction volumes follow seasonal patterns, typically peaking in the spring and summer and slowing in the fall and winter. These cyclical and seasonal dynamics, together with prevailing macroeconomic conditions, can create variability in our operating results from quarter to quarter.

Management continues to evaluate the potential effects of current housing market conditions, interest rate trends, and seasonal factors on our operations. The extent of any impact will depend on future developments, including changes in macroeconomic conditions, housing demand, and regulatory or policy actions, all of which are inherently uncertain and difficult to predict. We may adjust elements of our strategy, cost structure, or operational focus in response to these developments to mitigate potential adverse effects and position the business for long-term objectives.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The following discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Certain accounting policies and estimates are particularly important to the understanding of our financial position and results of operations. These policies and estimates require the application of significant judgment by management. These estimates can be materially affected by changes from period to period as economic factors and conditions outside of our control change. As a result, they are subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty. In applying these policies, our management uses their judgment to determine the appropriate assumptions to be used in the determination of certain estimates. Those estimates are based on our historical operations, our future business plans and projected financial results, the terms of existing contracts, our observance of trends in the industry, information provided by our customers and information available from other outside sources, as appropriate. See “Note 2–Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report for a more complete description of our significant accounting policies.

Critical accounting policies are defined as those that involve significant judgment and potentially could result in materially different results under different assumptions and conditions. Management believes the following critical accounting policies are affected by our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.

Revenue Recognition

We recognize revenue and related cost of goods sold in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”). A significant portion of our revenues are derived from products and services offered by AiChat, reAlpha Mortgage and reAlpha Nepal.

We recognize revenue in accordance with ASC 606, when control of services is transferred to the customer. On a standalone basis, we generate revenue by providing monthly support services to third parties. Revenue is recognized over time as the services are performed and the customer benefits from them.

AiChat, a company specializing in AI conversational customer experience solutions, adheres to the revenue recognition standards outlined in ASC 606. The license fee for platform access and consulting services is recognized as a distinct performance obligation, reflecting their ability to provide value independently within our customer contracts. For the “right to access” license fee, revenue is recognized over the duration of the subscription period, as control and benefits are provided continuously to the customer. Consulting services are recognized based on the nature of the engagement. Revenue for one-time services, such as project setups, is recognized at the point in time of delivery. For ongoing consulting services, revenue is recognized over time, reflecting the continuous benefit transferred to the customer throughout the service period. This approach ensures that revenue recognition accurately matches the ongoing provision of access and the timing of consulting services, as per the guidelines of ASC 606.

reAlpha Mortgage, a mortgage brokerage company, complies with ASC 606 by recognizing revenue at the point of loan funding. This moment marks the transfer of control of the loan to the borrower, capturing the completion of reAlpha Mortgage’s primary service successfully securing a loan. All services, including loan origination, application processing, and credit assessment, contribute to this culminating event. Revenue is therefore recognized only when the loan is funded, ensuring that the exact revenue amount is determinable based on the loan amount and agreed commission, accurately reflecting the completion of all related performance obligations.

GTG Financial, a mortgage brokerage company, complies with ASC 606 by recognizing revenue at the point of loan funding. This moment marks the transfer of control of the loan to the borrower, capturing the completion of GTG Financial’s primary service successfully securing a loan. All services, including loan origination, application processing, and credit assessment, contribute to this culminating event. Revenue is therefore recognized only when the loan is funded, ensuring that the exact revenue amount is determinable based on the loan amount and agreed commission, accurately reflecting the completion of all related performance obligations. Effective as of the Rescission Date, the Company’s acquisition of GTG Financial was rescinded. Accordingly, GTG Financial is no longer a subsidiary of the Company, and its results are not included in these audited financial statements for periods after that date (see “Note 5–Business Combinations–Rescission of GTG Financial Acquisition” for more information).

reAlpha Nepal, a company that provides services related to the development of technology, AI and applications, adheres to ASC 606 for revenue recognition, primarily from its service-based contracts. This approach involves detailed identification of contracts with customers, determination of distinct performance obligations within these contracts, and accurate allocation of transaction prices to these obligations. Revenue is recognized as reAlpha Nepal satisfies each performance obligation, typically over time, reflecting the ongoing delivery and customer consumption of its tech-driven services.

Prevu is a digital real estate brokerage that provides licensed brokerage services to homebuyers and home sellers across multiple states through its online platform. Prevu’s revenue is primarily derived from brokerage commissions earned for services provided as both a buyer’s agent and a seller’s agent upon the successful completion of real estate transactions. In accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, revenue is recognized when control of the brokerage services transfers to the customer, which generally occurs upon the closing of a transaction, at which point the Company has satisfied its performance obligations and is entitled to the commission. Prevu offers commission rebate programs, including its Smart Buyer™ rebate, under which a portion of the gross brokerage commission is rebated to the buyer at closing. The rebate amount is determined pursuant to contractual rebate agreements and is based on a defined calculation methodology that may vary by transaction, commission structure, service bundle, and market. As the rebate amount is determinable at the time of closing, revenue is recognized net of rebates when the related transaction closes. Such rebates are treated as variable consideration and recorded as a reduction of the transaction price in accordance with ASC 606.

Goodwill Impairment Testing

Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquisition over the fair value of the net identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level at least annually, as of December 31, or more frequently when events occur and circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount.

Accounting requirements provide that a reporting entity may perform an optional qualitative assessment on an annual basis to determine whether events occurred or circumstances changed that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. If an initial qualitative assessment identifies that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, or the optional qualitative assessment is not performed, a quantitative analysis is performed. The quantitative goodwill impairment test is performed by calculating the fair value of the reporting unit and comparing it to the reporting unit’s carrying amount. If the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill of the reporting unit is not impaired. However, if the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess, limited to the total amount of goodwill recorded on the reporting unit.

Capitalization of Software Development Costs

The Company adheres to ASC 350-40, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other, Internal-Use Software (“ASC 350-40”), for the capitalization of software development costs. Under these standards, costs incurred during the application development stage which includes coding, testing, and the development of software functionalities that are eligible for capitalization if they relate to significant improvements that substantially enhance the software’s functionality or extend its service capacity. These costs include direct labor, third-party services, and other expenses directly attributable to the software’s development. Conversely, expenditures for minor enhancements and routine software maintenance are expensed as incurred, consistent with specific U.S. GAAP requirements.

Amortization of capitalized software development costs begins when the software is ready for its intended use and placed in service. These costs are amortized over the software’s estimated useful life, which is assessed by considering factors such as the expected future benefits to us and the rate of technological change.

Reclassification Presentation

Certain amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current period presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the reported results of operations for the periods presented in this report.

Results of Operations

The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The following discussion focuses on the financial condition and results of operations for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 and the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 and year-to-year comparisons between the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 and the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024.

Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2025, compared to Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2024

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Revenues. Revenues were $4,518,498 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, compared to $948,420 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, an increase of approximately 376%. Our revenues currently consist primarily of revenues generated from our homebuying services, as well as revenues generated from our technology services. For the year ended December 31, 2025, revenues from homebuying services were approximately $3,499,949 (77% of total revenue), while revenues from technology services were approximately $1,018,549 (23% of total revenue). This increase in revenue was primarily driven by an increase in revenue generated from our mortgage brokerage transactions by reAlpha Mortgage, revenue generated by GTG Financial through the Rescission Date, subscription fees from AiChat, as well as revenues generated from Prevu’s realty services during the period following its acquisition on November 21, 2025 (the “Prevu Acquisition Date”). reAlpha Mortgage generated $1,968,330 through mortgage brokerage transactions during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, compared to $604,128 for the same period in 2024. GTG Financial generated $1,416,352 during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, until the Rescission Date, at which time GTG Financial ceased to be our subsidiary (see “Note 5 – Business Combinations – Rescission of GTG Financial Acquisition” for more information). Following the Rescission Date, GTG Financial’s operations did not contribute to our revenues. AiChat generated $764,512 from subscription fees for its AI conversational technologies offered to enterprise clients, compared to $140,328 in the same period in 2024. Prevu generated $80,656 through real estate brokerage transactions, primarily consisting of broker commissions, during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, which reflects Prevu’s revenue from the Prevu Acquisition Date through December 31, 2025. There was no comparable revenue from Prevu in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024.

Cost of revenue. Cost of revenue was $2,067,060 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, compared to $302,084 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, an increase of approximately 584%. Cost of revenue reflects direct expenses associated with delivering our mortgage brokerage services, real estate brokerage services, and technology solutions, including compensation-related costs for personnel supporting loan origination, real estate brokerage activities, and customer interactions from our mortgage and realty subsidiaries. The increase in cost of revenue was primarily attributable to higher direct expenses associated with delivering our mortgage brokerage services and technology solutions, including compensation-related costs for personnel supporting loan originations and customer interactions at our mortgage subsidiaries, reAlpha Mortgage and GTG Financial. In addition, we incurred $17,798 of cost of revenue related to Prevu’s real estate brokerage operations following the Prevu Acquisition Date. Cost of revenue attributable to GTG Financial totaled $899,813 for the year ended December 31, 2025 through the Rescission Date, after which GTG Financial ceased to be our subsidiary (see “Note 5—Business Combinations—Rescission of GTG Financial Acquisition” for additional information). Accordingly, no cost of revenue related to GTG Financial was recognized subsequent to the Rescission Date.

Operating expense. Operating expense was $18,458,396 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, compared to $7,548,950 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, an increase of approximately 145%. This increase was primarily driven by an increase in salary expenses as a result of the integration of our acquired businesses, including reAlpha Mortgage, Prevu and GTG Financial, as well as additional personnel added to support the expansion of our platform and operations, which amounted to $6,506,553 compared to $2,841,591 for the same period in 2024, and an increase in marketing and advertising expenses related to our advertising campaign and customer acquisition initiatives that amounted to $5,946,514 compared to $793,004 for the same period in 2024. In addition, we incurred professional and legal services expenses of $3,273,947 related to our general corporate services, litigation matters, regulatory compliance, and capital raising activities, compared to $2,124,946 for the same period in 2024. Operating expenses attributable to GTG Financial in the amount of $513,822 were recognized during the year ended December 31, 2025 until the Rescission Date, at which date GTG Financial ceased to be our subsidiary (see “Note 5—Business Combinations—Rescission of GTG Financial Acquisition” for more information). As a result, following the Rescission Date, we did not incur any operating expenses related to GTG Financial’s operations. Operating expenses attributable to Prevu in the amount of $33,990 were recognized from the Prevu Acquisition Date through December 31, 2025.

Other expense. Other expense was $1,583,434 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, compared to other expense of $834,360 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, an increase of approximately 90%. This consists of interest expense of $814,727 which includes $545,624 relating to amortization of original issue discount and debt issuance expense, amortization expenses relating to the $406,250 commitment fee incurred in connection with the GEM Agreement and the loss on extinguishment of debt relating to the Note in the amount of $438,834 which was not present in the same period in 2024, non-cash losses of $456,325 from the increase in fair value of the Series A Preferred Stock liability along preferred stock embedded derivative liability, and a $604,123 decrease in fair value of contingent consideration of reAlpha Mortgage.

Key Business Metrics

We monitor a number of key performance indicators and non-U.S. GAAP financial measures to evaluate the performance of our business operations and the execution of our strategy. These metrics provide management with insight into transaction activity across our platform, operating efficiency, and trends affecting the scale and overall health of our business. We use these measures, together with our financial results, to assess performance across periods, inform management decision-making, and support financial planning and strategic priorities.

(1) 2024 transaction volume includes activity from September 9, 2024, the date of acquisition of reAlpha Mortgage, through December 31, 2024. Accordingly, the 2024 period does not reflect a full year of operations and is not directly comparable to 2025.

Total Transaction Volume

Total Transaction Volume is a key measure of the scale of our homebuying services offerings. We define Total Transaction Volume as the aggregate dollar volume of transactions generated across our real estate brokerage, mortgage, and title services during the applicable trailing twelve-month period. This includes (i) the closing sale prices of residential properties transacted through our realty services, (ii) the principal loan amounts closed through our mortgage brokerage operations, and (iii) the underlying property transaction value associated with title services provided during the period.

Due to the fact that customers may utilize more than one of our services in connection with a single underlying property transaction, the same property transaction value may be included in more than one component of Total Transaction Volume. As a result, Total Transaction Volume may exceed the dollar value of unique underlying residential property transactions completed during the period.

For realty transactions, we include the full closing sale price for each transaction, regardless of whether our brokerage represented the buyer, the seller, or both sides of the transaction, in accordance with applicable laws and disclosure requirements. This metric excludes rental transactions.

We present Total Transaction Volume on a trailing twelve-month basis to provide a view of transaction activity that smooths seasonal fluctuations and reflects the overall economic throughput of our platform.

Total Transaction Volume is influenced by transaction activity across our business, home prices in the markets we serve, mortgage origination activity, service adoption rates, seasonality, and macroeconomic conditions, including interest rate levels and housing affordability.

Revenue

Revenue represents income earned from services provided across our homebuying services and technology services segments. We generate revenue primarily from real estate brokerage commissions, mortgage brokerage fees, and other service-related revenues, which are recognized in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

Management evaluates revenue growth as an indicator of transaction activity across our platform and the effectiveness of our integrated service offerings. Revenue is influenced by transaction volume, customer adoption of multiple services, home prices in the markets we serve, mortgage origination activity, and prevailing market conditions, including interest rate levels and housing affordability.

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents represent our primary source of liquidity and include unrestricted cash and highly liquid investments available to fund our operations and support strategic initiatives. Management monitors cash and cash equivalents to assess our liquidity position, working capital needs, and ability to support ongoing operations, platform development, and market expansion activities.

Cash and cash equivalents are influenced by operating performance, timing of transaction activity, capital raising activities, debt service requirements, and investments in technology, research and development, and acquisitions.

Gross profit margin

Gross profit margin represents gross profit as a percentage of revenue and reflects the efficiency of our operations after direct costs associated with delivering our homebuying services and technology services.

Management evaluates gross profit margin as an indicator of operating efficiency and unit economics across our services. Gross profit margin is influenced by service mix, transaction volume, pricing dynamics, compensation and commission structures, and costs associated with operating and supporting our platform, including technology and service delivery expenses.

Non-U.S. GAAP Financial Measures

To supplement our financial information presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP, we believe “Adjusted EBITDA,” a “non-U.S. GAAP financial measure,” as such term is defined under the rules of the SEC, is useful in evaluating our operating performance. We use Adjusted EBITDA to evaluate our ongoing operations and for internal planning and forecasting purposes. We believe that this non-U.S. GAAP financial measure may be helpful to investors because it provides consistency and comparability with past financial performance. However, this non-U.S. GAAP financial measure is presented for supplemental informational purposes only, has limitations as an analytical tool, and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for financial information presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP. In addition, other companies, including companies in our industry, may calculate a similarly titled non-U.S. GAAP measure differently or may use other measures to evaluate their performance, all of which could reduce the usefulness of this non-U.S. GAAP financial measure as a tool for comparison. A reconciliation is provided below for our non-U.S. GAAP financial measure to the most directly comparable financial measure stated in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Investors are encouraged to review the related U.S. GAAP financial measure and the reconciliation of this non-U.S. GAAP financial measure to its most directly comparable U.S. GAAP financial measure, and not to rely on any single financial measure to evaluate our business.

We use Adjusted EBITDA, a non-U.S. GAAP financial measure, to evaluate our operating performance and facilitate comparisons across periods and with peer companies. We reconcile our Adjusted EBITDA to our net income (loss) adjusted to exclude interest expense, depreciation and amortization, changes in fair value of contingent consideration and preferred stock, share-based compensation, and other non-cash, non-operating, or non-recurring items that we believe are not indicative of our core business operations. We believe this measure provides useful insight into our ongoing performance; however, it should not be considered a substitute for, or superior to, net income or other financial information prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

The following table provides a reconciliation of net income to Adjusted EBITDA for the periods presented below:

(1) Represents amortization of all debt issuance costs and original issue discount due to the repayment of the Note (as defined below) issued to Streeterville Capital, LLC (“Streeterville”).

(2) Represents remeasurement gains or losses related to the contingent consideration of reAlpha Mortgage.

(3) Represents non-cash remeasurement gains or losses related to the shares of Series A Preferred Stock issued in the MMC transaction.

(4) Represents a gain recognized upon the rescission of the GTG Financial acquisition.

(5) Represents the commitment fee of $1,000,000 incurred in connection with the GEM equity facility, which has been amortized over a period of 24 months, beginning on October 23, 2023.

(6) Represents non-cash stock-based compensation expense associated with shares of common stock issued to consultants ($2,526), shares of common stock issued to employees ($102,880), and restricted stock units (RSUs) granted to executive officers and other eligible employees ($757,071).

(7) Represents legal and professional fees incurred in connection with the issuance of shares of common stock and warrants from our equity offerings and other capital raise transactions.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity describes the ability of a company to generate sufficient cash flows to meet the cash requirements of its business operations, including working capital needs, debt services, acquisitions, contractual obligations and other commitments. Our liquidity and capital resources are critical to our ability to execute our business plan and achieve our strategic objectives and we assess our liquidity in terms of our ability to fund operations, pursue acquisitions and meet our obligations as they become due.

Our primary sources of liquidity have historically consisted of proceeds from equity offerings and debt financings, such as the Note (as defined below) issued to Streeterville, and the revenue generated from our services. The cost of capital and historically high-interest rates has a direct impact on our ability to raise capital through debt financings or equity offerings or to pursue acquisitions. The current economic environment supports higher interest rates and more stringent debt terms. As a result, we have been more reliant on equity financing as we navigate the existing market conditions. We cannot provide any assurance that we will be able to raise additional funds on acceptable terms, if at all. Our ability to raise additional capital will depend on various factors, including market conditions, investor demand, and our financial performance.

During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, our primary uses of cash included operating expenses, acquisitions, technology development and debt service. In particular, we spent a significant portion of cash to repay the secured promissory note issued to Streeterville (the “Note”), on August 14, 2024 pursuant to a note purchase agreement. Under the terms of the Note, Streeterville could redeem up to $545,000 of the Note per month, commencing March 2025 and at any time thereafter until the Note was repaid in full. See “Note 9––Notes Payable” herein for more information. As a result of these constraints on cash, we initiated various measures to enhance our liquidity position.

As part of our efforts to increase our liquidity, we entered into a warrant inducement transaction, completed two equity offerings and commenced our at-the-market offering programs (each an “ATM Program” and collectively, the “ATM Programs”). Through these transactions, we raised gross proceeds of approximately $25.5 million during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025. On April 6, 2025, in connection with the warrant inducement transaction, we entered into inducement letter agreements with certain holders of existing warrants dated November 21, 2023 (the “Follow-On Warrants”). Pursuant to the terms of the inducement letter agreements, certain holders of the Follow-On Warrants agreed to exercise their warrants for cash at a reduced exercise price of $0.75 per share. In exchange, we agreed to issue warrants (the “New Warrants”) to purchase 8,437,502 shares of our common stock. The warrant inducement transaction closed on April 8, 2025 and resulted in the issuance of 4,218,751 shares of our common stock and gross proceeds of approximately $3.1 million. In addition, we reduced the exercise price of Follow-On Warrants held by non-participating holders from $1.44 to $0.75 for the remainder of such warrants’ term. To the extent that the remaining Follow-On Warrants and New Warrants are exercised in full, we will be able to raise approximately $3.8 million in additional gross proceeds from the cash exercise thereof.

On July 18, 2025, upon the closing of the best efforts public offering (the “2025 Public Offering”) of the sale of an aggregate of (i) 13,333,334 shares of our common stock (the “July 2025 Shares”), (ii) Series A-1 warrants (the “Series A-1 Warrants”) to purchase up to an aggregate of 13,333,334 shares of our common stock (the “Series A-1 Warrant Shares”) and (iii) Series A-2 warrants (the “Series A-2 Warrants,” and together with the Series A-1 Warrants, the “July 2025 Warrants”) to purchase up to an aggregate of 13,333,334 shares of our common stock (the “Series A-2 Warrant Shares,” and together with the Series A-1 Warrant Shares, the “July 2025 Warrant Shares”), we raised gross proceeds of $2.0 million. Each of the July 2025 Shares was sold together with one Series A-1 Warrant to purchase one share of our common stock and one Series A-2 Warrant to purchase one share of our common stock at a combined public offering price of $0.15. Each July 2025 Warrant has an exercise price of $0.15 per share and became exercisable beginning on October 8, 2025, the date stockholder approval for the issuance of the July 2025 Warrant Shares was received and became effective (the “Stockholder Approval Date”). We also issued warrants (the “Placement Agent Warrants”) to Wainwright, or its designees, to purchase up to 666,667 shares of common stock as partial compensation for the placement agent services it offered in connection with the 2025 Public Offering. The Placement Agent Warrants have an exercise price of $0.1875 and became exercisable on the Stockholder Approval Date. The majority of the July 2025 Warrants and the Placement Agent Warrants have been exercised, resulting in additional gross proceeds of approximately $3.7 million, as of the date of this report, and to the extent that the remaining July 2025 Warrants are exercised in full, we will be able to raise approximately $0.4 million in additional gross proceeds from the cash exercise thereof.

On July 22, 2025, following the completion of a registered direct offering (the “Registered Offering”) of 14,285,718 shares of our common stock (the “RDO Shares”) and a concurrent private placement (the “Private Placement”) of unregistered common stock warrants (the “Private Placement Warrants”) exercisable into an equal number of shares of our common stock with an exercise price of $0.35 per share, we raised gross proceeds of approximately $5.0 million. The Private Placement Warrants were immediately exercisable upon issuance and expire on September 12, 2030. In connection with the concurrent Registered Offering and Private Placement, we also issued warrants (the “RDO Placement Agent Warrants”) to Wainwright, or its designees, to purchase up to 714,286 shares of common stock. The RDO Placement Agent Warrants have an exercise price of $0.4375 per share, are immediately exercisable upon issuance and will expire on September 12, 2030. Most of the Private Placement Warrants and the RDO Placement Agent Warrants have been exercised, resulting in additional gross proceeds of approximately $4.5 million, as of the date of this report, and to the extent that the remaining Private Placement Warrants and RDO Placement Agent Warrants are exercised in full, we will be able to raise approximately $0.4 million in additional gross proceeds from the cash exercise thereof.

With the proceeds of the Registered Offering and concurrent Private Placement, we were able to repay the outstanding balance under the Note in full using cash on hand, which payment was in the amount of approximately $4.5 million. Upon such payment, we fully satisfied all amounts due under the Note, and we were no longer subject to redemptions from Streeterville under the Note, which were adversely affecting our liquidity.

In addition to these equity offerings, we entered into ATM Programs with A.G.P./Alliance Global Partners (“A.G.P.”) and Wainwright on December 19, 2024, which was terminated on March 29, 2025, and April 2, 2025, respectively. We issued 160,879 shares of our common stock for gross proceeds of approximately $231,235 pursuant to our ATM Program with A.G.P. during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025. We terminated our ATM Program with A.G.P. on March 29, 2025 and entered into an ATM Program with Wainwright on April 2, 2025. We issued 2,792,104 shares of common stock for gross proceeds of approximately $985,447 pursuant to our ATM Program with Wainwright during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025. For more information, see “Note 14–Stockholders’ Equity – Shelf Registration on Form S-3” herein.

Our business model requires significant capital expenditures to build and maintain the infrastructure and technology required to support our growing operations. In addition, we may incur additional costs associated with compliance, research and development of new products and services, expansion into new markets or geographies, including through strategic acquisitions, and general corporate overhead. As a result, we may require additional financing in the future to fund our operations, which may include additional equity or debt financings or strategic partnerships or investments. If we are unable to obtain additional financing when required, we may be forced to reduce the scope of our operations, delay the launch of new products or services, or take other actions that could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. We may also be required to seek additional financing on terms that are unfavorable to us, which could result in the dilution of our stockholders’ ownership interests or the imposition of burdensome terms and restrictions.

In addition to our capital expenditures, we have ongoing disputes with GYBL regarding the GEM Warrants. As of the date of this report, there has been no adjustment to the exercise price of the GEM Warrants given the ongoing disputes related to the exercise price. We do not expect that the GEM Warrants will be exercised while these disputes are pending and when exercised, GYBL may elect to exercise the GEM Warrants on a cashless basis, meaning that we would not receive cash for the exercise of the GEM Warrants. If these disputes are adversely determined against us, we may incur penalties under the GEM Agreement and/or additional litigation expenses and penalties related to these disputes, which could materially adversely impact our liquidity, capital resources and overall financial condition.

Management reassessed our liquidity and financial condition as of December 31, 2025 and determined that although the conditions which previously raised substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern had improved, substantial doubt exists about our ability to continue as a going concern due to our recurring losses, negative operating cash flows and limited cash resources relative to our operating expenses. As of December 31, 2025, we had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $7.7 million, compared to $3.1 million as of December 31, 2024, and an accumulated deficit of $55.98 million.

Management’s plan to address the going concern is based on the following strategies:

• Revenue Growth. For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, we generated revenue of approximately $4.5 million, representing growth of approximately 376% compared to the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 revenue of approximately $0.9 million because of our mortgage brokerage operations, subscription fees from AiChat, the acquisition of Prevu and the related expansion of our integrated homebuying services offerings. Management expects continued revenue growth in 2026 driven by the integration of acquired operations, continued expansion into additional U.S. states, additional strategic acquisitions, including the proposed acquisition of InstaMortgage, if consummated, and the continued development of the reAlpha platform.
• Acquisition Integration. We have, in the past few years, completed the acquisitions of reAlpha Nepal, AiChat, Hyperfast, reAlpha Mortgage, and during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, Prevu. Each of these acquisitions has been integrated or is in the process of being integrated into our operations. These acquisitions collectively expanded our business to provide realty services in 13 U.S. states and Washington, D.C., mortgage brokering services in 31 U.S. states, and digital title and escrow services in three U.S. states. The proposed acquisition of InstaMortgage, if consummated, would add direct mortgage lending capabilities to our business.
• Capital Structure and Fundraising. We were able to raise aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $25.5 million during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, through a combination of warrant exercises, equity offerings, and at-the-market sales. Management intends to continue utilizing available capital-raising mechanisms, subject to market conditions and applicable securities laws, to fund operations and strategic initiatives.

There can be no assurance that management’s plans will be successfully implemented. To the extent that we do not generate sufficient revenue to fund our operations beyond such 12-month period, we expect to fund operations through additional equity or debt financing, although capital markets volatility may limit our ability to raise funds on acceptable terms. See “Risk Factors” herein for additional information.

Contractual Commitments and Obligations

Acquisition of Prevu

In connection with the acquisition of Prevu, we are obligated to pay deferred consideration totaling $2.5 million pursuant to the terms of the Prevu Merger Agreement. The deferred consideration is payable in four equal installments of $625,000 over an 18-month period following the closing date, payable in cash or shares of our common stock, at our sole discretion. As of December 31, 2025, three of these installments, totaling approximately $1.9 million, are scheduled to be paid within the next 12 months and are included in current liabilities, with the remaining $0.6 million classified as a long-term liability. See “Recent Developments – Acquisition of Prevu, Inc.” for additional information.

Proposed Merger with InstaMortgage

On December 22, 2025, we entered into the Merger Agreement to acquire 100% of the outstanding equity of InstaMortgage for total consideration of approximately $8.5 million, payable in a combination of cash and shares of our common stock, including deferred consideration. The transaction is expected to close in the first half of 2026, subject to regulatory approvals and other customary closing conditions. In connection with this proposed acquisition, we will be required to pay cash consideration of approximately $0.5 million and issue approximately $1.5 million in shares of our common stock if and when the acquisition is consummated. The $0.5 million cash consideration is currently being held in escrow. See “Recent Developments – Proposed Merger with InstaMortgage, Inc.” for additional information.

Cash Flows

The following table summarizes our cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities for the periods presented.

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, net cash used in operating activities was $11,262,577, compared to $6,042,238 for the same period in 2024. The increase is primarily due to higher operating expenses, including salaries of $6,506,553 and professional and legal fees of $3,273,947.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, net cash used in investing activities was $1,742,092 compared to $1,554,400 for the same period in 2024. This change in cash flows from investing activities is mainly attributable to cash paid to acquisitions of $1,023,053 and capitalization of software development costs during the year ended December 31, 2025.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, net cash provided by financing activities was $17,651,159, compared to $4,263,798 for the same period in 2024. This increase mainly consists of $1,175,994 capital raised through our ATM Programs, proceeds of $17,120,549 from the exercise of warrants, and proceeds of $6,328,101 from the issuance of common stock in connection with our recent equity offerings. These cash inflows were partially offset by the repayment of outstanding debt of $5,623,196 and equity offering expenses of $941,742, such as placement agent fees and other costs related to the equity offerings.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet transactions.

Emerging Growth Company Status

Under Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies are exempt from the adoption of new or revised accounting standards until such standards apply to private companies so long as they do not opt out of the extended transition period. Where permissible, we have early adopted certain standards as described in “Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies – Recent Accounting Pronouncements – Accounting Pronouncements Issued and Adopted” in our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report. Accordingly, when a standard has different application dates for public and private companies, we may adopt the standard on the timeline applicable to private companies. As a result, our consolidated financial statements may not be comparable to those of other public companies that comply with public company effective dates.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act that are designed to reasonably ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal accounting and financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

As of the end of the period covered by this report, management conducted an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Our Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) and Chief Financial Officer (principal accounting and financial officer) are responsible for establishing and maintaining internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) promulgated under the Act as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, our principal executive and principal financial officers and effected by our Board, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that:

• pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets;
• provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and our directors; and
• provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, our internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in Internal Control - Integrated 2013 Framework. Based on this assessment, our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) and our Chief Financial Officer (principal accounting and financial officer), concluded that, as of December 31, 2025, our internal control over financial reporting was effective based on those criteria.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or that are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2025.