Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Form 10-Q for the period ended Sep 30, 2025

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is intended to help the reader understand the results of operations and the financial condition of Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. The interim condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report and this Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2024 and the related Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, both of which are contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 25, 2025.

In addition to historical information, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, which are intended to be covered by the safe harbors created thereby. These forward-looking statements may include declarations regarding the Company's belief or current expectations of management, such as statements including the words "budgeted," "anticipate," "project," "forecast," "estimate," "expect," "may," "believe," "potential," and similar statements or expressions, which are intended to be among the statements that are forward-looking statements, as such statements reflect the reality of risk and uncertainty that is inherent in our business. Actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which are made as of the date this report was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Our actual results and the timing of events could differ materially from those discussed in our forward-looking statements because of many factors, including those set forth under the "Risk Factors" section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K and elsewhere in this report as well as in other reports and documents we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission from time to time. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances occurring after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Unless the content requires otherwise, the words "Supernus," "we," "our" and "the Company" refer to Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and/or one or more of its subsidiaries, as the case may be. These terms are used solely for the convenience of the reader. Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and each of its subsidiaries are distinct legal entities. For example, MDD US Operations, LLC, a wholly-owned indirect subsidiary of Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc., is the exclusive licensee and distributor of APOKYN and ONAPGO in the United States and its territories. Adamas Operations, LLC, a wholly-owned indirect subsidiary of Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc., wholly owns the patents and patent applications related to GOCOVRI and Osmolex ER and has a license agreement with Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc., granting Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. rights to market and sell GOCOVRI and Osmolex ER. Sage Therapeutics, LLC, a wholly-owned indirect subsidiary of Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc., has granted Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. a license to market and sell zuranolone in the United States.

Solely for convenience, in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the trade names are referred to without the TM symbols and the trademark registrations are referred to without the circled R, but such references should not be construed as any indicator that the Company will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights thereto.

Overview

We are a biopharmaceutical company focused on developing and commercializing products for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Our diverse neuroscience portfolio includes approved treatments for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), dyskinesia in Parkinson's Disease (PD) patients receiving levodopa-based therapy, hypomobility in PD, postpartum depression (PPD), epilepsy, migraine, cervical dystonia, and chronic sialorrhea. We are developing a broad range of novel CNS product candidates including new potential treatments for epilepsy, depression, and other CNS disorders.

2025 Acquisition of Sage Therapeutics, Inc. (Sage) and Reorganization

On July 31, 2025, the Company completed its previously announced acquisition of Sage when Saphire, Inc., a Delaware corporation and wholly owned subsidiary of the Company (Purchaser), was merged with and into Sage (the Merger), with Sage continuing as the surviving corporation in the Merger as a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company (the Sage Acquisition). At the time of the Sage Acquisition, Sage had an established commercial product in its portfolio, ZURZUVAE.

Following the Sage Acquisition, during the third quarter of 2025, Sage Therapeutics, Inc. was reorganized into Sage Therapeutics, LLC.

Commercial Products

• Qelbree® (viloxazine) extended-release capsules is a novel non-stimulant product indicated for the treatment of ADHD in adults and pediatric patients 6 years and older. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Qelbree for the treatment of ADHD in pediatric patients 6 to 17 years of age in April 2021, and in adult patients in April 2022. The Company launched Qelbree for pediatric patients in May 2021 and for adult patients in May 2022 in the United States (U.S.). In January 2025, the FDA approved an expanded label update for Qelbree to include new data on the pharmacodynamics and use in breastfeeding mothers.
• GOCOVRI® (amantadine) extended-release capsules is the first and only FDA approved medicine indicated for the treatment of dyskinesia in patients with PD receiving levodopa-based therapy, with or without concomitant dopaminergic medications, and as an adjunctive treatment to levodopa/carbidopa with PD experiencing "OFF" episodes.
• ONAPGOTM (apomorphine hydrochloride) injection is the first and only subcutaneous apomorphine infusion device for the treatment of motor fluctuations in adults with advanced PD. ONAPGO was approved by the FDA in February 2025. ONAPGO was launched in April 2025.
• ZURZUVAE® (zuranolone) capsules is the first and only FDA approved oral medicine indicated for the treatment of PPD in adults. ZURZUVAE is a neuroactive steroid that is a positive allosteric modulator of GABAA receptors, targeting both synaptic and extrasynaptic GABAA receptors, and is the first oral, once-daily, 14-day treatment specifically indicated for adults with PPD. ZURZUVAE became commercially available in the U.S. in December 2023 as a treatment option for women with PPD. The Company and our collaboration partner, Biogen, are jointly commercializing ZURZUVAE in the U.S. under the Biogen Collaboration Agreement. The Company and Biogen equally share in all operating profits and losses arising from sales of ZURZUVAE in the U.S., with Biogen recording such product sales.
• APOKYN® (apomorphine hydrochloride injection) is a product indicated for the acute, intermittent treatment of hypomobility, "OFF" episodes ("end-of-dose wearing off" and unpredictable "ON/OFF" episodes) in patients with advanced PD.
• Trokendi XR® (topiramate) is the first once-daily extended-release topiramate product indicated for the treatment of epilepsy in patients 6 years of age and older in the U.S. market. It is also indicated for the prophylaxis of migraine headache in adults and adolescents 12 years and older.
• Oxtellar XR® (oxcarbazepine) is indicated as therapy for the treatment of partial onset seizures in patients 6 years of age and older. It is also the first once-daily extended-release oxcarbazepine product indicated for the treatment of epilepsy in the U.S. market.
• XADAGO® (safinamide) is a once-daily product indicated as adjunctive treatment to levodopa/carbidopa in patients with PD experiencing "OFF" episodes.
• MYOBLOC® (rimabotulinumtoxinB injection) is a product indicated for the treatment of cervical dystonia and chronic sialorrhea in adults. It is the only botulinum toxin type B available on the market.

Research and Development

We are committed to the development of innovative product candidates in neurology and psychiatry, including the following:

SPN-817 (huperzine A)

SPN-817 represents a novel mechanism of action (MOA) for an anticonvulsant. SPN-817 is a novel synthetic form of huperzine A, whose MOA includes potent acetylcholinesterase inhibition, with pharmacological activities in CNS conditions such as epilepsy. The development will initially focus on the drug's anticonvulsant activity, which has been shown in preclinical models to be effective for the treatment of partial seizures and Dravet Syndrome. SPN-817 is in clinical development and has received Orphan Drug Designation for several epilepsy indications from the FDA.

SPN-820 (NV-5138)

SPN-820 is a novel, first in class, intracellular enhancer of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling. Depression is associated with synapse loss and reduced synaptic plasticity in key brain regions including the prefrontal cortex and increasing mTORC1-mediated synaptic plasticity is a promising avenue to treat depression and associated symptoms. SPN-820 selectively binds to intracellular sestrin proteins and subsequently engages a cascade of multi-protein complexes, enhancing mTORC1 signaling. The intracellular mechanism and the lack of binding to cell surface receptors suggests the potential for a differentiated safety profile and is unlikely to have abuse potential.

In February 2025, the Company reported topline results from a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled Phase 2b study of SPN-820 in adults with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) following four weeks of chronic daily dosing. The study did not demonstrate a statistically significant improvement on the primary and secondary endpoints. The safety profile of SPN-820 was consistent with previous clinical trials, showing few adverse events.

The Company plans to initiate a follow-on randomized double-blind placebo-controlled Phase 2b adjunctive trial in adults with major depressive disorder (MDD). For drugs that work through the mTORC1 pathway, emerging data indicates that chronic daily dosing may actively suppress sustained neuroplasticity and antidepressant benefits. Accordingly, the follow-on Phase 2b study will utilize intermittent dosing.

SPN-443 – Novel stimulant for the treatment of ADHD

The Company completed a Phase 1 single dose study in healthy adults in 2024 following submission of an Investigational New Drug Application. The study was a first in human, pilot pharmacokinetic study of two oral formulations of SPN-443 in healthy adults. The primary objective of the study was to assess safety and tolerability. This molecule, along with its major metabolites, is an inhibitor of norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin, also known as a triple reuptake inhibitor. Both formulations of SPN-443 showed adequate bioavailability and were well tolerated.

Zuranolone

The Company has granted Biogen sole rights to develop and commercialize zuranolone outside the U.S., other than in Japan, Taiwan and South Korea where it has granted those rights to Shionogi & Co., Ltd. (Shionogi). Shionogi is currently developing zuranolone for the treatment of patients with MDD in Japan, and in the third quarter of 2024, Shionogi reported that it submitted a new drug application (NDA) in Japan for zuranolone for the treatment of MDD. In the third quarter of 2025, Biogen received approval for zuranolone for the treatment of PPD by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and Medicines Healthcare Regulatory Agency (MHRA) in Europe and the United Kingdom (U.K.) respectively.

Commercial Highlights

• ONAPGO, the first and only subcutaneous apomorphine infusion device for the treatment of motor fluctuations in adults with advanced Parkinson's disease, generated net product sales of $6.8 million in its first full quarter following U.S. commercial launch in April 2025. More than 1,300 enrollment forms were submitted by over 450 prescribers from launch through September 30, 2025.
• Due to stronger than expected demand for ONAPGO, supplier constraints are impacting the Company's ability to fully meet this demand. As a result of this supply imbalance, the Company is prioritizing care for patients currently on ONAPGO. This requires pausing delivery to patients who have not started ONAPGO. The Company is working to build adequate inventory and resume new patient initiation as soon as possible, and will provide timely updates as progress is made in resolving this supply constraint.
• Collaboration revenue from ZURZUVAE was $20.2 million in the third quarter of 2025, representing approximately two months of collaboration revenue reported by Supernus since the closing of the Sage Acquisition on July 31, 2025. Collaboration revenue (ZURZUVAE) represents 50% of the net revenues for ZURZUVAE recorded by Biogen Inc. Full third quarter 2025 U.S sales of ZURZUVAE, as reported by Biogen Inc., increased approximately 150% compared to the same period in 2024 and approximately 19% compared to the second quarter of 2025.
• Net sales of Qelbree increased 31% to $81.4 million in the third quarter of 2025, compared to the same period in 2024. Total IQVIA prescriptions for Qelbree were 238,770 for the third quarter 2025, representing an increase of 23% compared to the same period in the prior year.
• Net sales of GOCOVRI increased 15% to $40.8 million in the third quarter of 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, driven by growth in prescriptions and number of prescribers.

Product Pipeline Update

SPN-817 – Novel first-in-class highly selective AChE inhibitor for epilepsy

• The Phase 2b randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 3mg and 4mg twice daily doses is ongoing with a targeted enrollment of approximately 258 adult patients with treatment resistant focal seizures.

SPN-820 – Novel first-in-class molecule that increases mTORC1 mediated synaptic function for depression

• The Company plans to initiate a follow-on Phase 2b multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in approximately 200 adults with major depressive disorder (MDD). The study will examine the safety and tolerability of SPN-820 2400 mg given intermittently (twice weekly) as an adjunctive treatment to the current baseline antidepressant therapy, as well as assess the rapid onset of improvement in depressive symptoms. The Company expects to initiate the Phase 2b study by the end of 2025.

SPN-443 – Novel stimulant for ADHD

• The Company has selected ADHD as the lead indication for SPN-443 and expects to initiate a Phase 1 single-ascending/multiple ascending dose study in adult healthy volunteers in 2026.

Critical Accounting Policies and the Use of Estimates

The significant accounting policies and basis of presentation for our condensed consolidated financial statements are described in Part I, Item 1, Financial Statements, Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, in the Notes to the

Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Our condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (U.S. GAAP), requiring us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses, and to disclose material contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ materially from our estimates.

We believe the judgments, estimates, and assumptions associated with the following critical accounting policies have the greatest potential impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements:

• Revenue recognition;
• Business combination and valuation of acquired assets;
• Valuation of contingent consideration;
• Impairment of definite-lived intangible assets

Revenue Recognition

Our principal source of revenue is product sales. Revenue from product sales is recognized when physical control of our products is transferred to our customers, who are primarily pharmaceutical wholesalers, specialty pharmacies, and distributors. Product sales are recorded net of various forms of variable consideration, including: estimated rebates; sales discounts; and an estimated liability for future product returns (collectively, "sales deductions").

The variability in the net transaction price for our products arises primarily from the aforementioned sales deductions. Significant judgment is required in estimating certain sales deductions, including rebates and returns. In making these estimates, we consider: historical experience; product price increases; current contractual arrangements under applicable payor programs; unbilled claims; processing time lags for claims; inventory levels in the wholesale, specialty pharmacy, and retail distribution channel; and product life cycle. We adjust our estimates at the earlier of when the most likely amount of consideration we expect to receive changes, or when the consideration becomes fixed. Variable consideration on product sales is only recognized when it is probable that a significant reversal will not occur. If actual results in the future vary from our estimates, we adjust our estimates in the period identified. These adjustments could materially affect net product sales and earnings in the period in which the adjustment(s) is recorded. Refer to Part I, Item 1— Financial Statements, Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, in the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, for further discussion on each of the different sales deductions. While sales rebates have been relatively predictable based on historical experience such that there have not been material changes in estimates in prior periods, there have been critical estimates associated with rebates and returns that may result in significant variability as further discussed below.

Returns

We maintain a return policy that allows our customers to return products within a specified period of time. Sales of our products are not subject to a general right of return; however, we will accept return of expired product 6 months prior to, and up to 12 months subsequent to, the product's expiry date for certain products. Our products have a shelf life of up to 48 months from date of manufacture. The product return accrual is estimated principally based on historical experience, the level and estimated shelf life of inventory in the distribution channel, changes in the current wholesaler prices, our return policy and expected market events, including generic competition. The time lag from date of sale of our products when we accrue our provision for product

returns and the time at which we issue credit for expired product can occur up to several years after the sale of our product. Estimates associated with our provision for product returns are particularly susceptible to adjustment given the extensive time lag. The Company launched Qelbree in May 2021. The Company is actively monitoring returns activity in light of the timeline

from the date of sale and the time at which we issue credit for expired products. We had favorable actual returns in 2024 and year to date 2025 for Qelbree and as a result, the Company changed its estimated provision for Qelbree product returns based on the most recent experience. The Company has entered into settlement and license agreements with third parties, permitting the sale of a generic version of Trokendi XR beginning in January 2023. In addition, the Company entered into settlement and license agreements with third parties, permitting the sale of a generic version of Oxtellar XR beginning in September 2024. The Company is actively monitoring returns activity in light of the loss of exclusivity and actual and possible further future sales decline based on timing of generic entry. The entry of a generic competitor may cause our future Trokendi XR and Oxtellar XR product return rates to change from historical trends, and this change could have a material effect on the future provision for product returns. Historically, we have experienced changes in estimates in return reserve calculations, but those adjustments have not been material to net earnings. However, given the extensive number of inputs and assumptions, described above, future changes in our return reserves could be material.

Rebates

Rebates are discounts which we pay under either public sector or private sector health care programs. Rebates paid under public sector programs are generally mandated under law, whereas private sector rebates are generally contractually negotiated by us with managed care providers. Both types of rebates vary over time. Rebate amounts are typically based upon the volume of purchases using contractual or statutory prices, which may vary by product and by payer. For each type of rebate, the factors used in the calculations of the accruals for that rebate include the identification of the products subject to the rebate, applicable price terms and estimated lag time between sale and payment of the rebate, which can be significant. In order to establish the rebate

accruals, we use both internal and external data to estimate the level of inventory in the distribution channel and the rebate claims processing lag time for each type of rebate. To estimate the rebate percentage or net price, we track sales by product and by customer or payer. We evaluate inventory data reported by wholesalers, available prescription volume information, product pricing, historical experience and other factors in order to determine the adequacy of our accruals. We regularly monitor our accruals and record adjustments when rebate trends, rebate programs and contract terms, legislative changes, or other significant events indicate that a change in reserve is appropriate. Historically, adjustments to rebate accruals have not been material to net earnings.

Specifically, a significant portion of rebates we pay are on state Medicaid programs. We participate in state Medicaid programs wherein the lag time from the date of sale of our product when we accrue for provision for rebates and the ultimate invoicing by the individual state Medicaid program can occur up to several quarters after the sale of our product. Because of the time lag for Medicaid, in any particular quarter, our adjustments may incorporate revisions of accruals for prior periods. Estimates associated with our participation in state Medicaid programs are particularly susceptible to adjustment given the extensive time lag. Historically, adjustments to rebate accruals have not been material to net earnings, but there continues to be an extensive time

lag related to certain programs that could result in variability in future periods.

For a roll-forward of the accrued sales deductions, see the section entitled Results of Operations - Revenues - Sales deductions and related accruals.

Business Combinations and Valuation of Acquired Assets

The Company completed the Sage Acquisition on July 31, 2025. The transaction was accounted for as a business combination. To determine whether the acquisition should be accounted for as a business combination or as an asset

acquisition, the Company made certain judgments regarding whether the acquired set of activities and assets met the definition of a business. Judgment is required in assessing whether the acquired processes or activities, along with their inputs, would be substantive to constitute a business, as defined by U.S. GAAP.

The acquisition method of accounting requires that we recognize the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their acquisition date fair values. Goodwill is measured as the excess of consideration transferred over the acquisition date net fair values of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. The purchase price allocation is a critical accounting policy because the estimation of fair values of acquired assets and assumed liabilities is judgmental and requires various assumptions. Further, the amounts and useful lives assigned to depreciable and amortizable assets versus amounts assigned to Goodwill, which is not amortized, can significantly affect the results of operations in the period of and for periods subsequent to a business combination.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction, and therefore represents an exit price. When identifiable intangible assets, are acquired, we determine the fair values of the assets as of the acquisition date. An income approach, which generally relies upon projected cash flow models, is used in estimating the fair value of the acquired intangible assets. These cash flow projections are based on management's estimates of economic and market conditions including: the estimated future cash flows from revenues of acquired assets; the timing and projection of costs and expenses, discount rates; and tax rates.

While we use our best estimates and assumptions as part of the process to value assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date, our estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. During the measurement period, which occurs before finalization of the purchase price allocation, changes in assumptions and estimates that result in adjustments to the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, if based on facts and circumstances existing at the acquisition date, are recorded on a retroactive basis as of the acquisition date, with the corresponding offset to Goodwill. Any adjustments not based on facts and circumstances existing at the acquisition date, or if subsequent to the conclusion of the measurement period, will be recorded to our consolidated statements of earnings.

Refer to Note 3, Sage Acquisition, for further information.

Valuation of Contingent Consideration

We record contingent consideration resulting from a business combination at its fair value on the acquisition date. During the measurement period, if we obtain new information regarding facts and circumstances that existed as of the Sage Acquisition Closing Date that, if known, would have resulted in revised estimates of fair values of acquired assets, assumed liabilities or contingent consideration, the Company will accordingly revise its estimates of fair values and purchase price allocation. In addition, on a quarterly basis, we will revalue the contingent consideration liability and record increases or decreases in their fair value as an adjustment to operating earnings. The determination of the initial and subsequent value of the contingent consideration liability requires significant judgment by management. Changes in any of the inputs not related to facts and circumstances existing as of the acquisition date may result in a significant fair value adjustment, which can impact the results of operations in the period in which the adjustment is made.

As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 the Company reported contingent consideration liability of $11.4 million and $47.0 million, respectively, in its condensed consolidated balance sheets related to the Sage Acquisition, USWM Acquisition, and Adamas Acquisition.

The Sage contingent consideration liability was $11.4 million as of September 30, 2025 is primarily associated with the fair value of the regulatory and commercial milestone and sale milestone contingent consideration payments. The key assumptions considered in estimating the fair value include the estimated probability and timing of milestone achievement, such as the probability and timing of obtaining regulatory approval in Japan. The drug regulatory approval process is inherently uncertain, and any adverse action taken by the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency in Japan can potentially impact our estimated fair value of these regulatory and commercial activities milestones. The contingent consideration is related to one non-tradable contingent value right (CVR) which represents the contractual right to receive a contingent payment upon the achievement of the applicable regulatory and commercial milestones and sales-based milestones. The estimated fair value of the contingent consideration was determined using the Monte Carlo simulation. The key assumptions considered include the estimated amount and timing of projected cash flows, volatility, estimated discount rates and risk-free interest rate. The possible outcomes for the contingent consideration range from $0 to $234 million on an undiscounted basis. Refer to Note 3, Sage Acquisition, and Note 7, Contingent Consideration, for further information.

Impairment of Definite-Lived Intangible Assets

Management assesses the potential impairment of our finite-lived intangibles whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. The carrying amount of the definite-lived intangible assets, net was $623.5 million as of September 30, 2025. Changes that could prompt such an assessment may include significant or adverse changes in the legal and regulatory environment, the introduction or advancement of competitive products and product candidates, changes in market demand, declining revenue and/or other events that indicate it is more likely than not that fair value is less than its carrying value. If a review of the definite-lived intangibles indicates that the carrying value of certain of these assets is more than the estimated undiscounted future cash flows, an impairment charge is made, as required, to adjust the carrying value to the estimated fair value. Evaluating for impairment requires judgment, including evaluating current economic and competitive circumstances, estimating future cash flows, future growth rates and future profitability. The primary inputs and assumptions used in the model included timing and projections of estimated future revenues and cash flows, loss of exclusivity, and discount rate. If the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its fair value, the Company writes down the asset to its estimated fair value, and an impairment loss equal to the difference between the assets fair value and carrying value is recognized in the consolidated statement of earnings (loss) in the period at which such determination is made. The use of different assumptions could increase or decrease the estimated fair value of assets and could therefore affect any impairment measurement. There were no impairment charges for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025.

Results of Operations

Comparison of the Three and Nine Months ended Months Ended September 30, 2025 and 2024

Revenues

Revenues consist primarily of net product sales of our commercial products in the U.S., supplemented by royalty and licensing revenues from our collaborative licensing arrangements. The following table provides information regarding our revenues during the three and nine months ended months ended September 30, 2025 (dollars in thousands):

(1) Includes net product sales of MYOBLOC, XADAGO and Osmolex ER.

(2) Includes the Company's proportionate share of sales of ZURZUVAE.

Net Product Sales

Net product sales were $168.5 million and $170.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Net product sales were $468.5 million and $471.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The decrease in both periods was primarily due to the decline in net product sales of APOKYN due to lower volume and decline in net product sales of Oxtellar XR and Trokendi XR due to generic erosion, partially offset by the increases in net product sales from Qelbree and GOCOVRI due to higher volume and higher price, and ONAPGO which was launched in the second quarter of 2025.

Adjustments related to prior year sales for the nine months period ended September 30, 2025 is approximately 4% of net product sales. The majority of the adjustments is attributable to Qelbree, reflecting favorable actual returns experienced in 2025. As a result, the Company changed its estimated provision for product returns based on the most recent experience. Adjustments related to prior year sales for the nine months period ended September 30, 2024 was approximately 2% of net product sales. Refer to discussion Sales Deductions and Related Accruals below.

We do not currently own or operate manufacturing facilities for the commercial production of any of our commercial products. We currently depend on third-party clinical manufacturing organizations (CMOs), who offer a comprehensive range of contract manufacturing and packaging services, in various countries for the supply of active product ingredients (API), finished goods for our commercial products. For most of our commercial products, we rely on single source suppliers to produce and package final dosage forms for our products and raw materials, including API.

On November 4, 2025, the Company announced that due to stronger than expected demand for ONAPGO, supplier constraints are impacting the Company's ability to fully meet this demand. ONAPGO is manufactured in Europe, supplied to us by our ONAPGO licensing partner, and packaged in the U.S. by a third-party CMO. We rely on single source suppliers to produce and package final dosage forms for ONAPGO. A change in supplier would require regulatory approval which could cause a delay in manufacturing and a possible loss of sales, which could affect future operating results adversely.

Sales Deductions and Related Accruals

We record accrued product returns and accrued product rebates as current liabilities in Accrued product returns and rebates, on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. We record sales discounts as a reduction against Accounts receivable, net on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. Both amounts are generally affected by changes in gross product sales, changes in the provision for net product sales deductions, and the timing of payments/credits.

The following table provides a summary of activity with respect to accrued product returns and rebates and sales discounts during the periods indicated (dollars in thousands):

Accrued Product Returns and Rebates

The accrued product returns balance decreased to $43.3 million as of September 30, 2025 from $57.4 million as of September 30, 2024. This decrease was primarily due to the $16.3 million of estimated provision for product returns related to prior year sales. The majority of the provision for product returns related to prior year sales is attributable to Qelbree, reflecting continued favorable actual returns experienced in 2025 for Qelbree. As a result, the Company changed its estimated provision for product returns based on the most recent experience.

The accrued product rebates balance increased to $141.2 million as of September 30, 2025 from $111.7 million as of September 30, 2024 primarily due to timing of payments associated with government programs.

Provision for Product Returns and Rebates

The provision for product returns decreased to $(6.6) million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 from $8.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The decrease was primarily due to the aforementioned reduction of $16.3 million of estimated provision for product returns related to prior year sales.

The provision for product rebates increased to $295.1 million for nine months ended September 30, 2025 from $293.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The increase was primarily attributable to higher Qelbree sales and unfavorability in government programs as a result of product price increases in Q1 2025.

Collaboration Revenue (ZURZUVAE)

Collaboration revenue (ZURZUVAE) was $20.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2025. The increase was due to the Sage Acquisition in July 2025.

Royalty, Licensing and Other Revenues

Royalty, licensing and other revenues were $3.4 million and $5.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The decrease was primarily due to lower royalty revenues. Royalty, licensing and other revenues were $18.7 million and $16.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The increase was primarily due to an increase in licensing revenues related to the achievement of a milestone under a licensing agreement for Qelbree, and an increase in royalty revenues from Oxtellar XR. The Company entered into settlement and license agreements that allowed a third party to enter the Oxtellar XR market in September 2024.

Cost of Revenues

Cost of revenues was $19.0 million and $17.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The increase was primarily driven by increases in Qelbree due to higher sales and ONAPGO which was launched in the second quarter of 2025 partially offset by lower APOKYN royalties due to lower sales offset. Cost of revenues was $51.6 million and $51.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The decrease in was primarily driven by lower APOKYN royalties due to lower sales and decrease in Oxtellar XR sales due to generic erosion, principally offset by increases in Qelbree due to higher sales and ONAPGO, which was launched in the second quarter of 2025.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and Development (R&D) expenses were $29.4 million and $29.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. R&D expenses were $78.4 million and $80.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The decrease in the year to date period was primarily due to decreased clinical program costs on SPN-820, partially offset by the increase in clinical program costs on SPN-817 and the Company's share of R&D expenses from the collaboration arrangement with Biogen. The Company acquired a collaboration agreement with Biogen as part of the acquisition of Sage in July 2025.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

The following table provides information regarding our selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expenses during the periods indicated (dollars in thousands):

Selling and marketing expenses were $77.1 million and $54.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Selling and marketing expenses were $205.5 million and $172.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The increases in both periods were primarily due to higher professional and consulting expenses, higher employee-related expenses, higher marketing expense related to ONAPGO, which was launched in second quarter of 2025, and the Company's share of commercial expenses from the collaboration arrangement with Biogen.

General and administrative expenses were $102.6 million and $15.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. General and administrative expenses were $157.7 million and $69.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The increases in both periods were primarily due to the acquisition-related costs associated with the acquisition of Sage in July 2025.

Amortization of Intangible Assets

Amortization of intangible assets was $24.3 million and $19.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Amortization of intangible assets was $64.9 million and $59.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The increase was primarily due to ONAPGO and ZURZUVAE intangible assets amortization expense in 2025 offset by amortization expense in 2024 for Oxtellar XR and Namzaric intangible assets, which were fully amortized in 2024. ONAPGO was previously accounted for as an indefinite-lived intangible asset not subject to amortization. ZURZUVAE intangible asset was acquired as part of the Sage Acquisition in July 2025.

Contingent Consideration Loss (Gain)

Contingent consideration was $0.0 million and a gain of $1.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The change was primarily due to the achievement of the milestones associated with the USWM contingent consideration liabilities in 2025.

Contingent consideration was a loss of $7.7 million and a gain of $6.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The change to loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was primarily driven by the accretion of the USWM contingent consideration liabilities to the full milestone payment amounts with the approval of ONAPGO by the FDA in February 2025.

Other Income (Expense)

Other income (expense) was an income of $2.3 million and $4.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The decrease was due to lower interest income on marketable securities largely driven by sale of marketable securities holdings of which the proceeds were used to partially fund the Sage Acquisition in July 2025. Other income (expense) was an income of $11.2 million and $11.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Income Tax Expense

Income tax benefit was $12.8 million (22.2% effective tax rate) and income tax expense was $12.7 million (26.9% effective tax rate) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, as compared to an income tax expense of $6.4 million (14.3% effective tax rate) and $13.0 million (18.1% effective tax rate) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. The change in income tax expense (benefit) in both periods was primarily due to decreased pre-tax book income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, and higher forecasted earnings before taxes, as compared to the same periods in 2024.

The Company's effective income tax rates for the three months ended September 30, 2025 varies from the statutory federal tax rate in the United States (U.S. federal tax rate) of 21% primarily due to state taxes and non-deductible transaction costs, offset by tax benefits related to research and development tax credits. The Company's effective income tax rates for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 varies from the statutory federal tax rate in the United States (U.S. federal tax rate) of 21% primarily due to state taxes and non-deductible transaction costs, offset by tax benefits related to a state tax refund and research and development tax credits. The Company's effective income tax rates for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 vary from the statutory U.S. federal tax rate primarily due to state taxes, offset by tax benefits related to research and development tax credits.

The annual forecasted earnings represent the Company's best estimate as of September 30, 2025 and 2024, are subject to change and could have a material impact on the effective tax rate in subsequent periods. Accounting Standard Codification 740, Income Taxes (ASC 740), requires the Company to estimate the annual effective income tax rate for the full year and apply it to pre-tax income (loss) for each interim period, taking into account year-to-date amounts and projected results for the full year.

Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash and Cash Equivalents, Marketable Securities and Restricted Cash

Cash and cash equivalents, current marketable securities and restricted cash are comprised of the following (dollars in thousands):

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The Company believes its balances of cash, cash equivalents, and unrestricted marketable securities, which totaled $281.2 million as of September 30, 2025, along with cash generated from ongoing operations and continued access to debt markets, will be sufficient to satisfy its cash requirements over the next 12 months and beyond.

We have financed our operations primarily with cash generated from product sales, supplemented by revenues from royalty and licensing arrangements, as well as proceeds from the sale of equity and debt securities. Continued cash generation is highly dependent on the success of our commercial products, as well as the success of our product candidates if approved by the FDA. While we expect continued profitability in future years, we anticipate there may be significant variability from year to year in the level of our profits particularly due to continued market and payor pressures for our commercial products; the unfavorable impact of the loss of patent exclusivity for Trokendi XR in January 2023 and Oxtellar XR in September 2024; the potential unfavorable impact of the forthcoming loss of exclusivity of XADAGO; funding for research and development of our product candidates; the additional funding for the launch of ONAPGO, which was approved by the FDA in February 2025 and launched in April 2025, and the additional funding for the marketing of ZURZUVAE which was acquired as part of the Sage Acquisition in July 2025. During the third quarter of 2025 our marketable securities were lower than during the third quarter of 2024 as a portion of the marketable securities we held were sold to fund the Sage Acquisition.

We may, from time to time, consider raising additional capital through: new collaborative arrangements; strategic alliances; additional equity and/or financings from debt or other sources, especially in conjunction with opportunistic business development initiatives. We will continue to actively manage our capital structure and to consider all financing opportunities that could strengthen our long-term financial profile. Any such capital raises may or may not be similar to transactions in which we have engaged in the past. There can be no assurance that any such financing opportunities will be available on acceptable terms, if at all.

Cash Flows

Cash flows are comprised of the following (dollars in thousands):

Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities was $27.5 million compared to $127.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, and 2024, respectively. The decrease in cash flows provided by operating activities is primarily due to the decrease in net earnings as well as changes in working capital. The Company reported net loss of $34.4 million and net earnings of $58.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and and 2024, respectively. The decline in earnings is principally due to $70.9 million acquisition-related costs incurred related to the to the Sage Acquisition in July 2025.

Investing Activities

Net cash provided by investing activities was $55.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to net cash used in investing activities of $177.2 million during the same period in 2024. The change was primarily due to the following:

• Cash outflows related to the Sage Acquisition in 2025 (net of cash acquired) of $293.1 million.
• Net cash inflows from marketable securities activity were higher in 2025 compared to the same period in 2024 due to maturities of the marketable securities, whereby the proceeds were used to fund the Sage Acquisition in 2025.

Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities was $0.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to $6.3 million provided by during the same period in 2024. The change was primarily due to the payment of USWM contingent consideration milestones, offset by higher proceeds from the issuances of common stock in 2025.

Material Cash Requirements

Refer to "Part II, Item 7 — Management's Discussion and Analysis of Liquidity and Capital Resources" of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, and Note 17, Commitments and Contingencies, in the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1, Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the discussion of our contractual obligations.

Milestone Payment Obligations from Sage Acquisition

The Company has contingent consideration milestones payable related to the Sage Acquisition. As of September 30, 2025, all milestone payments remain outstanding and payable upon achievement.

Subject to the terms of the Sage CVR Agreement, $1.00 per share ($66.9 million) would be payable if in any calendar year between closing and end of 2027, annual net sales (as defined in the Sage CVR Agreement) of ZURZUVAE allocable to Supernus or any of its affiliates reach $250 million or more in the U.S., $1.00 per share ($66.9 million) would be payable if in any calendar year between closing and end of 2028, annual net sales (as defined in the Sage CVR Agreement) of ZURZUVAE allocable to Supernus or any of its affiliates reach $300 million or more in the U.S., (3) $1.00 per share ($66.9 million) would be payable if in any calendar year between closing and end of 2030, annual net sales (as defined in the Sage CVR Agreement) of ZURZUVAE allocable to Supernus or any of its affiliates reach $375 million or more in the U.S., and (4) $0.50 per share ($33.4 million) per share would be payable upon the first commercial sale in Japan to a third-party customer after regulatory approval for ZURZUVAE for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) in Japan by June 30, 2026.

As of September 30, 2025, the possible outcomes for the contingent consideration range, on an undiscounted basis, range from $0 to $234 million.

Further, with the Sage Acquisition in the third quarter of 2025, our investment balance decreased as marketable securities were sold to fund the acquisition of Sage. Refer to Part II, Item 2 - Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and Management's discussion on Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2025, and Note 1, Business Organization, in the Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1, Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for discussion of the acquisition of Sage Therapeutics, Inc.

Manufacturing Purchase Obligations from Acquisitions

As part of the USWM Acquisition in June 2020, the Company assumed the annual minimum purchase requirement of MYOBLOC, amounting to an estimated €3.0 million annually, under the contract manufacturing agreement with Merz for manufacture and supply. An amendment to the contract manufacturing agreement with Merz was executed in July 2025. Amendments to the contract manufacturing agreement included among other things, the removal of the annual minimum purchase requirement of MYOBLOC, and the Company's agreement to pay a nonrefundable annual fee of €3.0 million to cover general maintenance and reservation costs for the manufacturing facilities.

We have other obligations in which the timing, likelihood, and, in some situations, the amount of such payments are not known, which include the following: any milestone payments which may become payable to third parties under license agreements or contractual agreements regarding our clinical trials, or those which may become payable to third parties under license agreements or contractual agreements regarding our clinical trials, or those which may become payable upon achieving sales, regulatory, and developmental milestones per contractual agreements.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

For a discussion of new accounting pronouncements, see Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, in the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1, Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

The primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve our capital to fund operations and to facilitate business development activities. We also seek to maximize income from our investments without assuming significant interest rate risk, liquidity risk, or risk of default by investing in investment grade securities with maturities of four years or less. Our exposure to market risk is confined to investments in cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities. As of September 30, 2025, we had cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities of $281.2 million.

In the future, we may borrow funds under the Credit Line. Variable rate borrowing, which may occur under the Credit Line, exposes us to interest rate risk as increases in interest rates would increase our borrowing costs. Any borrowed funds pursuant to our Credit Line are subject to a collateral maintenance requirement. The Credit Line is secured primarily by our portfolio of marketable securities, which is primarily comprised of corporate and U.S. government agency and municipal debt securities and may fluctuate in value. The fluctuations may be driven by, among other things, changes in interest rates, economic conditions, and other financial conditions as well as idiosyncratic factors related to a security's issuer. To the extent a fluctuation in value results in the value of the collateral decreasing below the required collateral maintenance requirements we may be required to promptly post additional collateral. Additionally, our Credit Line is an uncommitted facility that may be terminated by the lender at any time. During periods of rapidly changing interest rates, economic conditions or other financial conditions, the Credit Line may be terminated by the lender and/or the lender may declare that all borrowings thereunder are immediately due.

Our cash and cash equivalents consist primarily of cash held at banks and investments in highly liquid financial instruments with an original maturity of three months or less. Our marketable securities, which are reported at fair value, consist of investments in U.S. Treasury bills and notes; bank certificates of deposit; various U.S. governmental agency debt securities; and corporate and municipal debt securities. We place all investments with governmental, industrial, or financial institutions whose debt is rated as investment grade. We generally hold these securities to maturities of one to four years. Because of the relatively short period that we hold our investments and because we generally hold these securities to maturity, we do not believe that an increase in interest rates would have any significant impact on the realizable value of our investments.

We do not have any currency or derivative financial instruments.

We may contract with clinical research organizations (CROs) and investigational sites globally. Currently, we have ongoing clinical trials being conducted outside of the U.S. We do not hedge our foreign currency exchange rate risk. Transactions denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar are recorded based on exchange rates at the time such transactions arise. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, substantially all of our liabilities were denominated in the U.S. dollar.

Inflation generally affects us by increasing our cost of labor and the cost of services provided by our vendors. We do not believe that inflation and changing prices over the year ended December 31, 2024, and the nine months ended September 30, 2025 had a significant impact on our consolidated results of operations. While we expect significant year-to-year variability in labor and vendor service costs due to uncontrollable inflation factors like natural disasters, geopolitical conflicts, tariffs, and government regulations, we strive to mitigate future price risks. We do this by forming strong partnerships with key suppliers and our CMOs, and by directly managing the procurement and supply levels of key raw materials for our commercial products. However, these efforts may not fully protect us from cost increases, which could adversely impact our profitability.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures required by Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act has been appropriately recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our CEO and CFO, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

We conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2025, the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our CEO and CFO, we concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective as of September 30, 2025.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Our management, including our CEO and CFO, evaluated changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2025.

During the quarter ended September 30, 2025, the Company completed its acquisition of Sage Therapeutics, Inc. (Sage). Other than the implementation of 1) controls related to the accounting of the Sage Acquisition, 2) integrating the Sage business where certain controls will be evaluated and may change, and 3) the related financial statement reporting, there have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Any investment in our business involves a high degree of risk. Before making an investment decision, you should carefully consider the information we include in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes; the additional information in the other reports we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission; and the risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 and quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2025. These risks may result in material harm to our business and our financial condition and results of operations. If a material, adverse event was to occur, the market price of our common stock may decline, and you could lose part or all of your investment.

The risks described below reflect substantive changes from, or additions to, the risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Tariffs may increase our costs.

We rely on suppliers and other vendors located outside of the United States, including third-party clinical manufacturing organizations for the supply of active product ingredients for our products and product candidates, including raw materials and drug substances for our preclinical research and clinical trials. The United States and other countries have recently announced the imposition of tariffs on the import of a wide variety of products and services, including pharmaceutical products. Certain countries have also announced changes to previously announced tariffs. The United States has also announced the possibility of imposing additional tariffs. These tariffs may increase the costs we bear when importing products into the United States and may also increase our vendors' production costs, which may be passed on to us. We are assessing the potential impact of recently announced tariffs on our financial results.

Recent Executive Orders May Impact our Financial Results.

During 2025 several Executive Orders were issued by the President of the United States, which generally aim to lower the price paid for certain pharmaceutical products in the United States. Aspects of these orders direct the Secretary of Health and Human Services to develop implementation plans to issue related rules. We are monitoring these developments and assessing the potential impact of the executive orders which may impact our financial results if they result in reduction in the price paid for any of our commercial products.

Ongoing legal actions and proceedings could distract management and could result in substantial costs or large judgments against Supernus or one or more of its subsidiaries.

From time to time and in the ordinary course of business, Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Parent”) and any of its subsidiaries are and may be subject to additional claims, charges, enforcement actions and litigation.

For example, prior to Parent’s acquisition of Sage Therapeutics, Inc. (“Sage”) on July 31, 2025, in August 2024, a plaintiff filed a purported federal securities class action lawsuit in the Southern District of New York, or the Securities Class Action, against Sage and certain of its executive officers, or the Securities Class Action. Pursuant to a statutorily prescribed process, the court appointed two new class representatives, Steamfitters Local 449 Pension & Retirement Security Funds and Trust of the Retirement System of the UPR, who filed an amended complaint in March 2025 against the original defendants and certain additional former officers of Sage. The amended complaint in the Securities Class Action alleges violations of U.S. securities laws under Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder and seeks an as-yet unspecified amount of damages allegedly sustained by parties who purchased Sage stock between April 12, 2021 and July 23, 2024, as well as applicable attorneys’ fees and costs. On April 17, 2025, Sage, along with all of the individual defendants, filed a motion to dismiss the Securities Class Action in the Southern District of New York.

In addition, Sage received a subpoena from the Enforcement Division of the SEC in October 2024, requesting documents and information related to its NDA for zuranolone for the treatment of MDD, including communications with the FDA and any communications containing material nonpublic information.

Also, in March 2025, plaintiff shareholder Qingping Zhu commenced derivative litigation in the Southern District of New York, purportedly on behalf of Sage, against fifteen of its current and former officers and directors (the “Zhu Derivative Litigation”). Based significantly on the allegations underlying the Securities Class Action, the Zhu Derivative Litigation alleges violations of Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act and Rule 14a-9 promulgated thereunder, breaches of fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment, and waste of corporate assets, and seeks unspecified damages and various equitable relief. On April 14, 2025, the Southern District of New York granted a stay of the Zhu Derivative Litigation pending the resolution of the motion to dismiss the amended complaint in the Securities Class Action. On June 20, 2025, Sage, along with other relevant parties, submitted for the Southern District of New York’s approval a consolidation of the Zhu Derivative Litigation with two other related derivative litigations (the “Consolidated Derivative Litigation”).

Additionally, in July 2025, two purported stockholder of Sage each filed a complaint against Sage and each member of its Board of Directors in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of New York, (the first captioned Taylor v. Sage Therapeutics, Inc., et al., Index No. 654060/2025 (the “Taylor Complaint”) and the second captioned Morgan v. Sage Therapeutics, Inc., et al., Index No. 654094/2025 (together with the Taylor Complaint, the “Complaints”).

The Complaints assert, among other things, claims for negligent misrepresentation and concealment and negligence under New York common law against all defendants. The Complaints allege that the Schedule 14D-9 filed by SEC with the Securities and Exchange Commission in July 2025 omitted certain purportedly material information. Among other relief, the Complaints seek [(i) an injunction prohibiting consummation of the Transactions, (ii) rescission or actual and punitive damages if the Transactions are consummated, and (iii) an award of the plaintiffs’ fees and expenses, including reasonable attorneys’ and experts’ fees and expenses. Sage has also received certain demand letters from purported stockholders making allegations similar to those contained in the Complaints.

At this time, neither Parent nor Sage are able to predict the outcome of the Securities Class Action, the SEC investigation, the Consolidated Derivative Litigation, or the Complaints, or reasonably estimate a range of possible losses. If any of these matters are concluded in a manner adverse to Parent or any of its subsidiaries and for which the relevant entity incur substantial costs or damages not covered by liability insurance, such a conclusion could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition and business. In addition, any of these matters could adversely impact Parent or the relevant subsidiary’s reputation and divert management’s attention and resources from other priorities, including the execution of business plans and strategies that are important to our ability to grow our business, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Our future business prospects for ZURZUVAE® (zuranolone) depend on our ability, with our collaboration partner, Biogen MA Inc., and Biogen International GmbH, or together, Biogen, to successfully commercialize ZURZUVAE® (zuranolone) for the treatment of women with postpartum depression, or PPD, in the U.S. There is no assurance that our commercialization efforts in the U.S. with respect to ZURZUVAE for the treatment of women with PPD will be successful or that we will be able to generate revenues at the levels or on the timing we expect or at levels or on the timing necessary to support our goals.

Our business prospects for ZURZUVAE currently depends on our ability, along with our collaboration partner, Biogen, to successfully continue to commercialize ZURZUVAE in the U.S. for the treatment of women with PPD. ZURZUVAE was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, in August 2023 as a treatment for adults with PPD and became commercially available in the U.S. in December 2023. ZURZUVAE is the first oral treatment specifically indicated for adults with PPD. We may never be able to meet our expectations with respect to revenues or profits from sales. ZURZUVAE may not achieve, or, even if achieved, maintain, broad market acceptance. Healthcare professionals may decide not to use ZURZUVAE as a treatment option for their patients with PPD or may only consider prescribing ZURZUVAE for a subset of women with PPD in their practice who they consider to have particularly severe symptoms relative to other patients suffering from this disease. ZURZUVAE may not achieve broad brand awareness and adoption among healthcare professionals, including OBGYNs, and our beliefs about the potential for OBGYNs to utilize ZURZUVAE at the forefront of postpartum care may prove to be incorrect. ZURZUVAE also may not achieve or, even if achieved, maintain broad market acceptance among women with PPD who may decide that they do not want to be treated with ZURZUVAE, including due to concern about the safety and tolerability profile of ZURZUVAE or use of ZURZUVAE while breastfeeding. ZURZUVAE includes a boxed warning that instructs healthcare professionals to advise patients that ZURZUVAE causes driving impairment due to central nervous system depressant effects, and that people who take ZURZUVAE should not drive a motor vehicle or engage in other potentially hazardous activities requiring complete mental alertness until at least 12 hours after ZURZUVAE administration for the duration of the once-daily, 14-day treatment course, which could decrease willingness to prescribe or use ZURZUVAE. The label also includes information about adverse events and other warnings and precautions that may cause a woman with PPD not to consider ZURZUVAE as a treatment option.

ZURZUVAE also may not achieve or, even if achieved, maintain broad market acceptance for the treatment of women with PPD if payors are not willing to cover and provide reimbursement for the treatment or impose significant restrictions on reimbursement. Payors that currently have favorable coverage for ZURZUVAE for the treatment of women with PPD may decide to change their policies and limit coverage or reimbursement for ZURZUVAE, including by requiring women with PPD to try other treatments prior to ZURZUVAE, requiring a specific showing of symptom severity with the use of measurement scales, requiring prior consultation with a psychiatrist or other specialist, or imposing other onerous prior authorization requirements, or they may deny coverage or reimbursement for other reasons or in all cases. Some payors currently require that healthcare professionals attest that the women with PPD for whom they have prescribed ZURZUVAE have severe symptoms. In addition, even if a healthcare professional writes a prescription for ZURZUVAE for the treatment of a woman with PPD, the prescription may not result in product being shipped to the patient and/or the patient taking ZURZUVAE. The healthcare professional or the patient may, for example, not take the steps necessary to obtain reimbursement or to have the prescription filled at the specialty pharmacy or may find the process of obtaining a prescription through the specialty pharmacy too slow or complicated. There is no guarantee that the infrastructure, systems, processes, policies, relationships or materials we and Biogen have built for the commercialization of ZURZUVAE for the treatment of women with PPD in the U.S. will be sufficient for us to achieve or, even if achieved, maintain success. ZURZUVAE also may not achieve the clinical benefit we expect in women with PPD. Our commercialization of ZURZUVAE in PPD may be negatively impacted by competition from other drugs currently on the market or that may be approved in the future. The number of women with PPD, the unmet need for additional treatment options for women with PPD, and the potential market for ZURZUVAE may be significantly smaller than we expect, or we may encounter other market-related issues in the commercialization of ZURZUVAE for the treatment of women with PPD, including as a result of the price we charge. We and our collaboration partner, Biogen, may not be applying the optimal resources to the launch of ZURZUVAE or we or Biogen may not be able or willing to scale our resources at the right time or at an effective level.