AMC Entertainment Holdings, Inc.: Form 10-K for the period ended Dec 31, 2023

General Development of Business

AMC Entertainment Holdings, Inc. (“Holdings”), through its direct and indirect subsidiaries, including American Multi-Cinema, Inc. and its subsidiaries, (collectively with Holdings, unless the context otherwise requires, the “Company” or “AMC”), is principally involved in the theatrical exhibition business and owns, operates or has interests in theatres primarily located in the United States and Europe.

Our business was founded in Kansas City, Missouri in 1920. Holdings was incorporated under the laws of the state of Delaware on June 6, 2007. We maintain our principal executive offices at One AMC Way, 11500 Ash Street, Leawood, Kansas 66211.

Liquidity

At December 31, 2023, we had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $884.3 million.

Additionally, we continued to lower our future interest expense through purchases of debt below par value and debt exchanges for equity and enhanced liquidity through equity issuances. See Note 8—Corporate Borrowings and Finance Lease Liabilities, Note 9—Stockholders’ Deficit, and Note 16—Subsequent Events in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements under Part II, Item 8 thereof, for further information.

We believe our existing cash and cash equivalents, together with cash generated from operations, will be sufficient to fund our operations and satisfy our obligations currently and through the next twelve months. We are subject to a minimum liquidity requirement of $100.0 million as a condition to the financial covenant suspension period under the Credit Agreement (as defined in Note 8—Corporate Borrowings and Finance Lease Liabilities in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements under Part II, Item 8 thereof). We believe we will comply with the minimum liquidity requirement through the current maturity date of the Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility on April 22, 2024. We currently do not expect to extend such maturity or replace the Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility upon maturity, although we may seek to replace it in the future.

Our cash burn rates are not sustainable long-term. In order to achieve sustainable net positive operating cash flows and long-term profitability, we believe that operating revenues will need to increase to levels in line with pre-COVID-19 operating revenues. North America box office grosses were down approximately 21% for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to the year ended December 31, 2019. Until such time as we are able to achieve positive operating cash flow, it is difficult to estimate our liquidity requirements, future cash burn rates, future operating revenues, and attendance levels. Depending on our assumptions regarding the timing and ability to achieve levels of operating revenue, the estimates of amounts of required liquidity vary significantly.

There can be no assurance that the operating revenues, attendance levels, and other assumptions used to estimate our liquidity requirements and future cash burn rates will be correct, and the ability to be predictive is uncertain due to limited ability to predict studio film release dates, the overall production and theatrical release levels, and success of individual titles. Additionally, the effects of labor stoppages, including but not limited to the Writers Guild of America strike and the Screen Actors Guild–American Federation of Television and Radio Artists strike that occurred during 2023, cannot be reasonably estimated and are expected to have a negative impact in 2024 on the future film slate for exhibition, our future liquidity and cash burn rates. Further, there can be no assurances that we will be successful in generating the additional liquidity necessary to meet our obligations beyond twelve months from the issuance of this Annual Report on terms acceptable to us or at all.

We expect, at any time and from time to time, to continue to seek to retire or purchase our outstanding debt through cash purchases and/or exchanges for equity or debt, in open-market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. Such repurchases or exchanges, if any, will be upon such terms and at such prices as we may determine, and will depend on prevailing market conditions, our liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors. The amounts involved may be material and to the extent equity is used, dilutive.

On December 22, 2022, we entered into a forward purchase agreement (the “Forward Purchase Agreement”) with Antara Capital LP (“Antara”) pursuant to which we agreed to (i) sell to Antara 10,659,511 AMC Preferred Equity

Units for an aggregate purchase price of $75.1 million and (ii) simultaneously purchase from Antara $100.0 million aggregate principal amount of our 10%/12% Cash/PIK Toggle Second Lien Notes due 2026 in exchange for 9,102,619 AMC Preferred Equity Units. On February 7, 2023, we issued 19,762,130 AMC Preferred Equity Units to Antara in exchange for $75.1 million in cash and $100.0 million aggregate principal amount of our 10%/12% Cash/PIK Toggle Second Lien Notes due 2026. We recorded $193.7 million to stockholders’ deficit as a result of the transaction. We paid $1.4 million of accrued interest in cash upon exchange of the notes. See Note 9—Stockholders’ Deficit for more information.

The below table summarizes the cash debt repurchase transactions during the year ended December 31, 2023, including related party transactions with Antara, which was a related party from February 7, 2023 to August 25, 2023. These transactions were executed at terms equivalent to an arms-length transaction. See Note 8—Corporate Borrowings and Finance Lease Liabilities in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements under Part II, Item 8 thereof, for more information.

(In millions)

The below table summarizes various debt for equity exchange transactions that occurred during the year ended December 31, 2023. See Note 8—Corporate Borrowings and Finance Lease Liabilities, Note 9—Stockholders’ Deficit, and Note 16—Subsequent Events in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements under Part II, Item 8 thereof, for more information.

(In millions, except for share data)

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company raised gross proceeds of approximately $790.0 million and paid fees to sales agents and incurred other third-party issuance costs of approximately $19.8 million and $9.9 million, respectively, through its at-the-market offering of approximately 88.0 million shares of its Common Stock and 7.1 million of its AMC Preferred Equity Units. The Company paid $12.6 million of other third-party issuance costs during the year ended December 31, 2023. See Note 9—Stockholders’ Deficit for further information regarding the at-the-market offerings.

Please see Item 7—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of Part II thereof for additional information.

Narrative Description of Business

We are the world’s largest theatrical exhibition company and an industry leader in innovation and operational excellence. Over the course of our 100+ year history, we have pioneered many of the theatrical exhibition industry’s most important innovations. We introduced multiplex theatres in the 1960s and the North American stadium-seated Megaplex theatre format in the 1990s. Most recently, we continued to innovate and evolve the movie-going experience with the deployment of our theatre renovations featuring plush, powered recliner seating and the launch of our U.S. subscription loyalty tier, AMC Stubs® A-List. Our growth has been driven by a combination of organic growth through reinvestment in our existing assets and through the acquisition of some of the most significant companies in the theatrical exhibition industry.

Our business is operated in two theatrical exhibition reportable segments, U.S. markets and International markets. Substantially all of our international operations are attributed to Odeon Cinemas Group Limited (“OCGL”) and its subsidiaries (collectively with OCGL, unless the context otherwise requires, “Odeon Cinemas Group”), Odeon and UCI Cinemas Holdings Limited (“Odeon”) and Nordic Cinema Group Holding AB (“Nordic”).

As of December 31, 2023, we owned, leased or operated 898 theatres and 10,059 screens in 11 countries, including 562 theatres with a total of 7,369 screens in the United States and 336 theatres and 2,690 screens in European markets. On January 24, 2023, we sold our investment in 13 theatres and 85 screens in Saudi Arabia, see Note 6—Investments in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements under Part II, Item 8 thereof, for further information. We have productive assets in each of the capital cities and most densely populated areas of the countries in which we operate.

As of December 31, 2023, we were the market leader in the United States and Europe including in Italy, Sweden, Norway, and Finland, and a leading theatre operator in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Spain, Portugal and Germany. We have operations in four of the world’s 10 largest economies, including four of the six largest European economies (the United Kingdom, Spain, Italy and Germany) as of December 31, 2023.

As of December 31, 2023, in the U.S. markets, we owned, leased or operated theatres in 43 states and the District of Columbia, with approximately 50% of the U.S. population living within 10 miles of one of our theatres. We have a diversified footprint with complementary global geographic and guest demographic profiles, which we believe gives our circuit a unique profile and offers us strategic and operational advantages while providing our studio partners with a large and diverse distribution channel. We operate some of the most productive theatres in the top markets in the United States and were the market leader in the top two markets for the year ended December 31, 2023: New York and Los Angeles. During 2023 our top five markets, in each of which we held the #1 share position, were New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Atlanta, and Philadelphia, according to data provided by Comscore.

The following table provides detail with respect to the geographic location of our theatrical exhibition circuit as of December 31, 2023:

(1) Included in the above table are 65 theatres and 320 screens that we manage or in which we have a partial ownership interest. In the U.S. markets segment, we manage or have a partial interest in four theatres and 55 screens. In the International markets segment, we manage or have a partial interest in 61 theatres and 265 screens.

Our theatrical exhibition revenues are generated primarily from box office admissions and theatre food and beverage sales. We offer consumers a broad range of entertainment alternatives including traditional film programming, private theatre rentals, independent and foreign films, performing arts, music and sports. We also offer food and beverage alternatives beyond traditional concession items, including collectible concession vessels, made-to-order meals, customized coffee, healthy snacks, beer, wine, premium cocktails, and dine-in theatre options. The balance of our revenues is generated from ancillary sources, including on-screen advertising, fees earned from our customer loyalty programs, rental of theatre auditoriums, income from gift card and exchange ticket sales, theatrical distribution, retail popcorn sales, and online ticketing fees.

Our Strategy

We are committed to maintaining a leadership position in the exhibition industry by focusing on forward-thinking initiatives for the benefit of our guests. We do this through a combination of unique marketing outreach, seamless digital technology and innovative theatre amenities designed to 1) transform AMC into a world-class leader in customer engagement, 2) deliver the best in-person experience while at AMC theatres, 3) selectively enhance our footprint through expansion in certain markets and strategic closure of underperforming theatres, 4) pursue adjacent opportunities that extend the AMC brand, and 5) explore attractive acquisitions leveraging our existing capabilities and core competencies. Consistent with our history and culture of innovation, we believe our vision and relentless focus on these key elements, which apply strategic and marketing components to traditional theatrical exhibition, will drive our future success.

1) Transform AMC into a World-Class Leader in Customer Engagement

We engage movie-goers through advances in technology and marketing activities to strengthen the bonds with our current guests and create new connections with potential customers that drive both growth and loyalty. We serve our guests, end-to-end, from before they enter our theatres, through their enjoyment of a comprehensive spectrum of film content while at our theatres and then again after the movie when they’ve left the theatre and are deciding what film to see the next time they visit.

In our U.S. markets, we begin the process of engagement with AMC Stubs® (“Stubs”), our customer loyalty program, which allows members to earn rewards, receive discounts and participate in exclusive members-only offerings and services. It features a paid tier called AMC Stubs Premiere™ (“Premiere”) for a flat annual membership fee and a non-paid tier called AMC Stubs Insider™ (“Insider”). Both programs reward loyal guests for their patronage of AMC theatres. Rewards earned are redeemable on future purchases at AMC locations.

AMC Stubs® A-List (“A-List”) is our monthly subscription-based tier of our Stubs loyalty program. This program offers guests admission to movies at AMC up to three times per week, including multiple movies per day and repeat visits to movies from $19.95 to $24.95 per month depending upon the geographic market. A-List also includes premium offerings including IMAX®, Dolby Cinema™ at AMC, RealD, Prime and other proprietary Premium Large Format (“PLF”) brands. A-List members can book tickets online in advance with reserved seating at AMC Theatres for no additional cost.

As of December 31, 2023, we had a combined total of approximately 32 million member households enrolled in A-List, Premiere, and Insider programs. Our Stubs members represented approximately 46% of our U.S. market attendance during the year ended December 31, 2023. Our large database of identified movie-goers also provides us with additional insight into our customers’ movie preferences. This enables us to have an increasingly comprehensive, more personalized and targeted marketing effort.

In our International markets, we currently have loyalty programs in all territories in which we operate. Movie-goers can earn points for spending money at the theatre, and those points can be redeemed for tickets or food and beverage items, depending on the program, at a later date. We currently have approximately 16.6 million members in our various International loyalty programs.

Our marketing efforts expand beyond our loyalty program. We continue to improve our customer connections through our website and mobile apps and expand our online and movie offerings. We upgraded our mobile applications across the U.S. circuit with the ability to order food and beverage offerings via our mobile applications while ordering tickets ahead of scheduled showtimes.

In June 2021, the Company launched AMC Investor Connect (“AIC”), an innovative new communication initiative to engage directly with its sizable retail shareholder base and convert shareholders into AMC consumers. AIC allows our shareholders to self-identify through our website and receive special offers and important communications. As part of AIC, domestic members must sign up for a Stubs account, which includes providing additional personalized data that allows us to more precisely engage with our investor consumers. As of December 31, 2023, there were approximately 1.2 million global members of AIC, which is comprised of both registered and beneficial shareholders.

2) Deliver the best in-person experience while at AMC theatres

In conjunction with our advances in technology and marketing initiatives, and consistent with our long-term growth strategy, we plan to continue investing in our theatres and enhancing the consumer experience to deliver the best in-person experience and take greater advantage of incremental revenue-generating opportunities, primarily through comfort and convenience innovations, imaginative food and beverage initiatives, and exciting PLF offerings.

Comfort and Convenience. Recliner seating is a key feature of many of our locations. We believe that maximizing comfort and convenience for our customers will be increasingly necessary to maintain and improve our relevance. These locations include plush, electric recliners that allow customers to deploy a leg rest and fully recline at the push of a button. These locations typically warrant increased ticket prices to reflect the enhanced consumer experience.

As of December 31, 2023, in our U.S. markets, we featured recliner seating in 362 U.S. theatres, including Dine-in-Theatres, totaling approximately 3,588 screens and representing 48.7% of total U.S. screens. In our International markets, as of December 31, 2023, we had recliner seating in 82 International theatres, totaling 554 screens and representing 20.6% of total International screens.

Open-source internet ticketing makes AMC’s entire universe of seats in the U.S. (approximately 1 million as of December 31, 2023), for all our show times, as available as possible, on as many websites and mobile applications as possible. Our tickets are currently sold either directly at the box office or through mobile apps, at our own website and mobile app and through other third-party ticketing vendors. For the year ended December 31, 2023, approximately 69% of our tickets were purchased online in the U.S., with approximately 83% of total online tickets being purchased through our own website and mobile apps.

Imaginative Food and Beverage Initiatives. Our deployment initiatives also apply to food and beverage enhancements. We have expanded our menu of enhanced food and beverage products to include meals, healthy snacks, premium beers, wine and mixed drinks, and other gourmet products. Our long-term growth strategy calls for investment across a spectrum of enhanced food and beverage formats, ranging from simple, less capital-intensive food and beverage design improvements to the development of new dine-in theatre options. We have expanded the capabilities of our online and mobile apps to include the ability to pre-order food and beverages when advanced tickets are purchased. Guests then have the items ready upon arrival and available at dedicated pick-up areas or delivered to seat at select theatres.

Our MacGuffins Bar and Lounges (“MacGuffins”) give us an opportunity to offer alcohol to our legal age customers in our U.S. markets. As of December 31, 2023, we offered alcohol in 382 theatres in our U.S. markets and 231 theatres in our International markets.

Below is a summary of our recliner seating, Dine-In Theatres, and alcohol amenities by reportable segment as of December 31, 2023.

10

Exciting Premium Large Format Offerings. PLF auditoriums generate our highest customer satisfaction scores, and we believe the investment in PLFs increases the value of the movie-going experience for our guests, ultimately leading to additional ticket revenue. To that end, we are committed to investing in and expanding our offerings of the best sight and sound experiences through a combination of our partnerships with IMAX® and Dolby Cinema™ and the further development of our own proprietary PLF offerings.

• IMAX®. IMAX® is one of the world’s leading entertainment technology companies, specializing in motion picture technologies and presentations.

As of December 31, 2023, AMC was the largest IMAX® exhibitor in the U.S., with 184 IMAX® screens and a 51% market share. Each one of our IMAX® local installations is protected by geographic exclusivity, and as of December 31, 2023, our IMAX® screen count was 102% higher than our closest competitor. Additionally, as of December 31, 2023, our per-screen grosses were 34% higher than our closest competition. We also operate 33 IMAX® screens in International markets. As part of our long-term growth strategy, we expect to continue to expand our IMAX® relationship across the U.S. and Europe, further strengthening our position as the largest IMAX® exhibitor in the U.S. and a significant IMAX® exhibitor in Europe.

• Dolby Cinema™. Dolby Cinema™ offers a premium cinema offering for movie-goers that combines state-of-the-art image and sound technologies with inspired theatre design and comfort. Dolby Cinema™ at AMC includes Dolby Vision™ laser projection and object-oriented Dolby Atmos® audio technology, as well as AMC’s plush power reclining seats with seat transducers that vibrate with the action on screen.

As of December 31, 2023, we operated 162 Dolby Cinema™ at AMC auditoriums in the U.S. and seven Dolby Cinema™ auditoriums in the International markets. We expect to expand the deployment of our innovative Dolby Cinema™ auditoriums in both our U.S. and International markets as part of our long-term growth strategy.

• In-house PLF Brands. We also offer our private label PLF experience at many of our locations, with superior sight and sound technology and enhanced seating as contrasted with our traditional auditoriums. These proprietary PLF auditoriums offer an enhanced theatrical experience for movie-goers beyond our current core theatres, at a lower price premium than IMAX® or Dolby Cinema™. Therefore, it may be especially relevant in smaller or more price-sensitive markets. As of December 31, 2023, we operated 57 screens under proprietary PLF brand names in the U.S. markets and 79 screens in the International markets.

The following table provides detail with respect to large screen formats, such as IMAX® and our proprietary Dolby Cinema™, other PLF screens, enhanced food and beverage offerings and our premium seating as deployed throughout our circuit on December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

Laser at AMC. We launched Laser at AMC, a broadscale initiative to upgrade the projectors at 3,500 auditoriums throughout the U.S., with cutting-edge laser projectors. The Laser at AMC experience delivered by laser projection from Cinionic, a global leader in laser-powered cinema solutions, provides guaranteed light levels that are at the top end of the 2D DCI specification. The technology improves image contrast, produces more vivid colors, and maximizes brightness, compared to digital projectors with a xenon light source. We are partnering with Cinionic through their Cinema-as-a-Service program which requires minimal upfront capital investment required by AMC. The initial agreement to install 3,500 projectors is expected to be completed by 2026, with 1,325 installations completed as of December 31, 2023.

3) Performance-Based Expansion and Strategic Closure of Theatres

Our long-term growth strategy includes the deployment of our strategic growth initiatives, opening new-build theatres and continued exploration of small acquisitions. By expanding our platform through disciplined new-build theatres and acquisitions, we are able to further deploy our proven strategic initiatives while further diversifying our consumer base, leading to greater appeal for more films. The additional scale achieved through new-build theatres and acquisitions also serves to benefit our business through global procurement savings and increased overhead efficiencies. We believe that expansion offers us additional opportunities to introduce our proven guest-focused strategies to movie-goers and will generate meaningful benefits to guests, employees, studio partners and our shareholders.

The following table sets forth our historical information concerning new builds (including expansions), acquisitions and dispositions (including permanent closures of underperforming theatres and net construction closures) and end-of-period operated theatres and screens through December 31, 2023:

4) Pursue Adjacent Opportunities that Extend the AMC Brand

We believe there is considerable opportunity to extend and monetize the AMC brand outside of our movie theatre auditoriums. We plan to pursue opportunities that capitalize on our attractive customer base, our leading brand, our 100+ years of food and beverage expertise, and technology capabilities.

As part of that strategy, we have expanded our food and beverage business beyond theatrical exhibition and enter the multi-billion dollar popcorn industry with the launch of AMC Theatres Perfectly Popcorn in the U.S. markets.

• During 2023, we began offering ready-to-eat and microwaveable AMC Theatres Perfectly Popcorn products that are available or will be available for purchase in well-known grocery stores around the country or on-line via Amazon.com.
• Freshly popped AMC Theatres Perfectly Popcorn is available through food delivery-to-home services.
• “To Go” packages at our theatres of freshly popped popcorn are available for takeout and/or pickup.

AMC Theatres Perfectly Popcorn is an opportunity to diversify our business and to create a new food and beverage revenue stream.

During 2023, we launched the AMC Entertainment Visa Card – the only co-branded movie theatre credit card in the United States. AMC Entertainment Visa Card cardholders earn Stubs rewards points with every purchase and extra points when making purchases at an AMC theatre.

We made our inaugural foray into theatrical distribution in 2023 when we, along with our sub-distribution partners, served as the theatrical distributor for two theatrical releases: TAYLOR SWIFT | THE ERAS TOUR and RENAISSANCE: A FILM BY BEYONCÉ. We have the potential to capitalize on new theatrical distribution opportunities in the future which would lead to additional theatrical distribution revenue and increased admissions market share for the films we distribute.

5) Explore Attractive Acquisitions Leveraging Our Existing Capabilities and Core Competencies

As part of our plans to pursue value-enhancing initiatives that lead to diversification of our business, we will consider attractive and opportunistic acquisitions inside and outside the theatrical exhibition industry that leverage our footprint and capabilities, as well as the core competencies and experiences of our management team.

Our Competitive Strengths

We believe we have the following competitive strengths:

Leading guest engagement through digital marketing and technology platforms. Through our Stubs loyalty programs, we have developed a consumer database of approximately 32 million households, representing approximately 64 million individuals. Our digital marketing and technology platforms allow us to engage with these customers frequently, efficiently and on a very personalized level. We believe personalized data drives increased engagement, resulting in higher attendance.

Leading market share in important, affluent and diverse markets. As of December 31, 2023, across our three biggest metropolitan markets in the United States—New York, Los Angeles and Chicago, representing 18% of the country’s total box office—we held a 44% combined market share. We operated theatres located in the top 25 U.S. markets, holding the #1 or #2 position in 18 of those 25 markets based on box office revenue. As of December 31, 2023 we are also the #1 theatre operator in Italy, Sweden, Norway, and Finland; the #2 operator in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Spain and Portugal, and the #4 operator in Germany. We believe our strong presence in these top markets makes our theatres highly visible and therefore strategically more important to content providers, who rely on the large audiences and marketing momentum provided by major markets to drive opinion-making and deliver a movie’s overall box office results.

We also have a diversified footprint with complementary global geographic and guest demographic profiles. We have theatres in more densely populated major metropolitan markets, where there is also a scarcity of attractive retail real estate opportunities, as well as complementary suburban and rural markets. Guests from different demographic and geographic profiles have different tastes in movies, and we believe by broadening our geographic base, we can help mitigate the impact of film genre volatility on our box office revenues.

Well located and highly productive theatres. Our theatres are generally located in the top retail centers across the U.S. We believe this provides for long-term visibility and higher productivity and is a key element in the success of our enhanced food and beverage and more comfort and convenience initiatives. Our location strategy, combined with our strong major market presence, enable us to deliver industry-leading theatre-level productivity. During the year ended December 31, 2023, 9 of the 10 highest grossing theatres in the U.S. were AMC theatres, according to data provided by Comscore. During the same period, AMC’s U.S. markets average total revenues per theatre was approximately $6.6 million. This per unit productivity is important not only to content providers, but also to developers and landlords, for whom per location and per square foot sales numbers are critical measures.

Our AMC Classic branded theatres are located primarily in smaller, suburban and rural markets, which affects total revenues per theatre. However, in general, theatres located in smaller suburban and rural markets tend to have less competition and a lower cost structure.

In our International markets, many theatres are located in top retail centers in major metropolitan markets with high visibility. We believe that deploying our proven strategic initiatives in these markets will help drive attendance and greatly improve productivity. Other theatres are in larger and mid-sized cities and towns in affluent regions.

Deployment of unique pricing structures to enhance revenue. We have developed a dedicated pricing department and, as a result, we have deployed several different strategic pricing structures that have increased revenue and profitability.

A-List is our monthly subscription-based tier of our Stubs loyalty program. This program offers guests admission to movies at AMC up to three times per week, including multiple movies per day and repeat visits to movies from $19.95 to $24.95 depending on geographical market. We also offer Stubs members “Discount Tuesday”, a reduced price for movie attendance on Tuesdays.

Sources of Revenue

Box Office Admissions and Film Content. Box office admissions are our largest source of revenue. We predominantly license theatrical films from distributors owned by major film production companies and from independent distributors on a film-by-film and theatre-by-theatre basis. Film exhibition costs are based on a share of admissions revenues and are accrued based on estimates of the final settlement pursuant to our film licenses. These licenses typically state that rental fees are based on the box office performance of each film, though in certain circumstances and less frequently, our rental fees are based on a mutually agreed settlement rate that is fixed. In some European territories, film rental fees are established on a weekly basis and some licenses use a per capita agreement instead of a revenue share, paying a flat amount per ticket.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, films licensed from our seven largest movie studio distributors based on revenues accounted for approximately 84% of our U.S. admissions revenues, which consisted of Universal, Disney, Warner Bros., Sony, Paramount, Lionsgate, and 20th Century Studios. In Europe, approximately 78% of our box office revenue came from films attributed to our five largest movie distributor groups, which consisted of Universal, Warner Bros., Disney, Sony, and Paramount. Our revenues attributable to individual distributors may vary significantly from year to year depending upon the commercial success of each distributor’s films in any given year.

During 2023 we, along with our sub-distribution partners, served as the theatrical distributor for two theatrical releases: TAYLOR SWIFT | THE ERAS TOUR and RENAISSANCE: A FILM BY BEYONCÉ. The distribution business is a new source of revenue that we have the potential to capitalize on in the future.

Food and Beverage. Food and beverage sales are our second largest source of revenue after box office admissions. We offer enhanced food and beverage products that include meals, healthy snacks, premium liquor, beer and wine options, and other gourmet products. Our long-term growth strategy calls for investment across a spectrum of enhanced food and beverage formats, ranging from simple, less capital-intensive food and beverage menu improvements to the expansion of our Dine-In-Theatre brand.

We currently operate 49 Dine-In-Theatres in the U.S. and three Dine-In-Theatres in Europe that deliver chef-inspired menus with seat-side or delivery service to luxury recliners with tables. Our recent Dine-In-Theatre concepts are designed to capitalize on the latest food service trend, the fast and casual eating experience.

MacGuffins give us an opportunity to offer alcohol to our legal age customers in our U.S. markets. As of December 31, 2023, we offered alcohol in approximately 382 theatres in our U.S. markets and 231 theatres in our International markets and continue to explore expansion globally.

During 2023 we began offering ready-to-eat and microwaveable AMC Theatres Perfectly Popcorn products that are available or will be available for purchase in well-known grocery stores around the country or on-line via Amazon.com

Theatrical Exhibition Industry and Competition

U.S. markets. In the U.S., the movie exhibition business is large and mature, however, the number of total screens in the U.S. has declined since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. We believe it is the quality of the movie-going experience that will define our future success. Whether through enhanced food and beverage options (Food and Beverage Kiosks, Marketplaces, Coca-Cola Freestyle, MacGuffins or Dine-in-Theatres), more comfort and convenience (recliner seating, open-source internet ticketing, reserved seating), engagement and loyalty (AMC Stubs®, mobile apps, social media, or AMC Investor Connect) or sight and sound (digital and laser projection, 3D, Dolby Cinema™ at AMC, IMAX® or other PLF screens), it is the ease of use and the amenities that these innovations bring to customers that we believe will help drive sustained profitability in the years ahead.

The following table represents information about the U.S./Canada exhibition industry obtained from the National Association of Theatre Owners, with the exception of box office revenues for calendar years 2023, 2022, and 2021 obtained from Comscore. See Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations under Part II, Item 7 thereof for information regarding our operating data:

(in millions)

(in millions)

Based on information obtained from Comscore, we believe that the three largest exhibitors, in terms of U.S./Canada box office revenue (AMC, Regal Entertainment Group, and Cinemark Holdings, Inc.) generated approximately 54% of the box office revenues in 2023.

International markets. Movie-going is a popular leisure activity with high penetration across key geographies in our International markets. Theatre appeal has proven resilient to competition for consumers’ leisure spending and to recessionary periods. The European market lags the U.S. market across a number of factors, including annual spend per customer, number of IMAX® screens, and screens per capita, which causes us to believe that the deployment of our customer initiatives will be successful in these markets. Additionally, our European markets are more densely populated and operate with fewer screens per one million of population, making the screens more valuable.

U.S. films generate the majority of the box office in Europe, but movie-goers in specific geographies also welcome locally produced films with local actors and familiar story lines which can mitigate film genre attendance fluctuations.

The following table provides information about the exhibition industry attendance for the International markets where we operate obtained from territory industry trade sources; see Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations under Part II, Item 7 thereof for information regarding our operating data:

(In millions)

Competition. Our theatres are subject to varying degrees of competition in the geographic areas in which they operate. Competition is often intense with respect to attracting patrons, licensing motion pictures and finding new theatre sites. Where real estate is readily available, it is easier to open a theatre near one of our theatres, which may adversely affect operations at our theatre. However, in certain of our densely populated major metropolitan markets, we believe a scarcity of attractive retail real estate opportunities enhances the strategic value of our existing theatres. We also believe the complexity inherent in operating in these major metropolitan markets is a deterrent to other less sophisticated competitors, protecting our market share position.

The theatrical exhibition industry faces competition from other forms of out-of-home entertainment, such as concerts, amusement parks and sporting events, and from other distribution channels for filmed entertainment, such as video streaming services, premium video on demand (“PVOD”), cable television, pay-per-view, and home video systems, as well as from all other forms of entertainment.

We believe movie-going is a compelling consumer out-of-home entertainment experience. Movie theatres currently garner a relatively small share of overall consumer entertainment time and spend, and our industry benefits from available capacity to satisfy additional consumer demand.

Seasonality

Our revenues are dependent upon the timing of motion picture releases by distributors. The most marketable motion pictures are usually released during the summer and the year-end holiday seasons. Therefore, our business is seasonal, with higher attendance and revenues generally occurring during the summer months and holiday seasons.

Regulatory Environment

Our theatres in the U.S. must comply with Title III of the Americans with Disabilities Act (“ADA”). Compliance with the ADA requires that public accommodations, including websites and mobile apps for such accommodations, be accessible to individuals with disabilities and that new construction or alterations are made to conform to accessibility guidelines. Non-compliance with the ADA could result in the imposition of injunctive relief, fines, and awards of damages to private litigants and additional capital expenditures to remedy such noncompliance. As an employer covered by the ADA, we must make reasonable accommodations to the limitations of employees and qualified applicants with disabilities, provided that such reasonable accommodations do not pose an undue hardship on the operation of our business. In addition, many of our employees are covered by various government employment regulations, including minimum wage, overtime and working conditions regulations. In Europe, all territories have similar national regulations relating to disabilities.

Our operations also are subject to federal, state and local laws regulating such matters as construction, renovation and operation of theatres, as well as wages and working conditions, citizenship, health and sanitation requirements, consumer and employee privacy rights, and licensing, including alcoholic beverage sales. We believe our theatres are in material compliance with such requirements.

We own and operate theatres and other properties in the United States, United Kingdom, Spain, Italy, Germany, Portugal, Ireland, Sweden, Finland, Norway, and Denmark, which are subject to various federal, state and local laws and regulations. Certain of these laws and regulations, including those relating to environmental protection, may impose joint and several liability on certain statutory classes of persons for the costs of investigation or remediation of contamination, regardless of fault or the legality of original disposal. We believe our theatres are in material compliance with such requirements.

Human Capital Resources

Our People. AMC promotes a healthy culture where people are encouraged to achieve their personal best and work together with integrity and openness to change. AMC associates are core to our commitment to deliver the best theatrical experience in the world. They uphold AMC’s mission of focusing on the guest experience where excellent customer service is complemented with amazing food and beverage, comfort, and premium sight and sound.

As of December 31, 2023, we employed a total of 33,812 associates consisting of 2,881 full-time and 30,931 part-time associates, up from a total of 33,694 associates consisting of 2,787 full-time and 30,907 part-time associates as of December 31, 2022. Among our 33,812 associates, we employed 24,165 in the United States and 9,647 in our international markets.

Talent Acquisition, Development and Retention. Critical to our operation is the hiring, development, and retention of qualified associates who support our guest-focused mission. Acquiring the right talent at speed and scale is a core capability that we regularly monitor and manage, given the need to rapidly staff our frontline operations at certain times of the year. Once hired, we train for success, creating experiences and programs that promote performance, growth, and long-term career opportunities. Programs like our Leadership Academy (AMC) and Incredible Leadership (Odeon) are designed to upskill and enhance managerial capability, facilitate quality execution of our business initiatives, drive guest satisfaction, and increase return on investment. Furthermore, our trainings include compulsory modules that meet regulatory requirements, policy enforcement and best practices to adhere to employment laws, practical tactics for safety and security, and compliance with anti-corruption regulations. Our measures to maintain a holistic view of the associate experience support the needs of our associates through engagement opportunities, including recognition programs and events.

Diversity, Equity and Inclusion (“DEI”). Belonging is fundamental to our culture and key to our success. AMC’s efforts around DEI help us maintain a global workforce as diverse as the guests we serve and the movies we show on our screens. We provide a multi-channel approach to building awareness and training to reinforce an inclusive workplace through continuous learning opportunities. AMC has five DEI councils that are most representative of the largest diverse communities in our workforce: Women (42%), Latinx (27%), African American (19%), Asian American & Pacific Islander (4%), and LGBTQ+ (an emerging number). By appointing AMC officers to serve as Executive Sponsors, we ensure these efforts are championed at the highest levels of the Company, which has resulted in improved openness and reinforced the importance of all types of diversity in delivering our business outcomes. Our culture is strengthened as we embrace our diversity and lead with fairness and impartiality to create a more inclusive workplace. Additionally, our work has been recognized externally: AMC has received a perfect score for 15 consecutive years on the Human Rights Campaign Foundation’s Corporate Equality Index as one of the Best Places to Work for LGBTQ Equality; 9 consecutive years as one of the Best Places to Work for people with disabilities through the Disability Equality Index; named one of Forbes Best Employers for Diversity from 2018-2022, and most recently recognized by Newsweek as one of America’s Greatest Workplaces for Diversity, America’s Greatest Workplaces for LGBTQ+, America’s Greatest Workplaces for Job Starters, and America’s Greatest Workplaces for Parents & Families.

Compensation, Benefits, Safety and Wellness. We offer market competitive salaries and wages, generally targeting market median, to attract and retain qualified talent. Our compensation programs are designed to drive engagement and support business objectives through pay-for-performance and incentive opportunities that reward the achievement of operational and financial goals. As part of our ongoing efforts to monitor and maintain pay equity, we partner with advisory companies to conduct statistical pay analysis using industry best practices to ensure pay programs are administered equitably. We also use the services of independent compensation consulting firms to advise on matters including market competitiveness and program design.

In addition, we prioritize and invest in our associate’s health and welfare. Our “LiveWell” philosophy is based on a whole person approach to physical, fiscal, and emotional wellness tailored to the diverse needs of our global workforce in each country we operate. Examples, include global Employee Assistance Programs, Headspace Mindfulness application, Cuckoo application, and Mental Health First Aiders training. Comprehensive health and welfare benefits for eligible associates are supplemented with specific programs to manage or improve common health conditions, a variety of voluntary benefits to satisfy individual needs, and paid time off.

Our commitment to the safety and health of our associates continues to be a top priority as demonstrated by our ongoing professional training and awareness campaigns. All Theatre Support Center and Theatre Leadership associates complete in-person and online courses focused on professionalism, safety, and security that meet or exceed regulatory requirements and best practices as determined by the Equal Employment Opportunities Commission (“EEOC”), Payment Card Industry (“PCI”), Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), and Sarbanes-Oxley Act (“SOX”).

Available Information

We make available free of charge on our website (www.amctheatres.com (http://www.amctheatres.com)) under “Investor Relations” / Financial Performance”/ “SEC Filings,” annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, proxy materials on Schedule 14A and amendments to those reports as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file or furnish such materials with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The contents of our website are not incorporated into this report. The Securities and Exchange Commission maintains a website (www.sec.gov (http://www.sec.gov)) that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information about the Company.

Information about our Executive Officers

The following table sets forth certain information regarding our executive officers and key employees as of February 28, 2024:

All our current executive officers hold their offices at the pleasure of our board of directors, subject to rights under their respective employment agreements in some cases. There are no family relationships between or among any executive officers.

Mr. Adam Aron has served as Chief Executive Officer, President and a director of the Company since January 2016, and as Chairman of the Board since July 2021. From February 2015 to December 2015, Mr. Aron was Chief Executive Officer of Starwood Hotels and Resorts Worldwide, Inc. and served on its board of directors from 2006 to 2015. Since 2006, Mr. Aron also has served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of World Leisure Partners, Inc., which he founded and which serves as a personal consultancy for matters related to travel and tourism, high-end real estate development, and professional sports. Mr. Aron served as Chief Executive Officer and Co-Owner of the Philadelphia 76ers from 2011 to 2013, and remained an investor in the team through early 2023. From 2006 to 2015, Mr. Aron served as Senior Operating Partner of Apollo Management L.P., a leading private equity investor. During the past ten years, Mr. Aron has previously served on the board of directors of Norwegian Cruise Line Holdings, Ltd., Centricus Acquisitions Corp, Prestige Cruise Holdings Inc., and HBSE (which is a private company that owns the NHL’s New Jersey Devils and the NBA’s Philadelphia 76ers). Mr. Aron received a Master’s of Business Administration degree with distinction from the Harvard Business School and a Bachelor of Arts degree cum laude from Harvard College. Mr. Aron brings to the Board significant business and executive leadership experience, including valuable insight into consumer services. In a variety of industries, he has more than 30 years of experience as a Chief Executive Officer, more than 35 years of experience as a corporate director, and more than 45 years of consumer-engagement experience.

Mr. Sean D. Goodman is AMC’s Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer. Mr. Goodman’s areas of responsibility at AMC include international operations, information technology, and procurement. Mr. Goodman has served on the Board of Directors of Hycroft Mining, Inc. as AMC’s representative since April 2022. Prior to joining AMC in December 2019, Mr. Goodman was the Chief Financial Officer of Fortune 500 retailer Asbury Automotive Group, Inc. from July 2017 to November 2019. Earlier in his career, Mr. Goodman held Chief Financial Officer roles at Unifi, Inc. and Landis+Gyr, AG. In addition, Mr. Goodman served in strategy and finance leadership roles at Fortune 20 retailer The Home Depot, Inc. Mr. Goodman began his career as an investment banker with Morgan Stanley, Inc. and in various consulting and accounting positions with Deloitte LLP. Mr. Goodman has a Master’s of Business Administration degree from The Harvard Business School and a Bachelor of Business Science Degree (with honors) from the University of Cape Town in South Africa. Mr. Goodman is a certified public accountant.

Ms. Elizabeth Frank has served as Executive Vice President, Worldwide Programming and Chief Content Officer for AMC since July 2012. Between August 2010 and July 2012, Ms. Frank served as Senior Vice President, Strategy and Strategic Partnerships. From 2006 to 2010, Ms. Frank served as Senior Vice President of Global Programs for AmeriCares. From 2003 to 2006, Ms. Frank served as Vice President of Corporate Strategic Planning for Time Warner Inc. Prior to Time Warner Inc., Ms. Frank was a partner at McKinsey & Company for nine years. Ms. Frank holds a Bachelor of Business Administration degree from Lehigh University and a Master’s of Business Administration from The Harvard Business School.

Mr. Daniel Ellis has served as the Executive Vice President, Chief Operations and Development Officer since March 2022. From March 2020 to March 2022, he served as Senior Vice President Development & International. From December 21, 2016 to March 2020, he served as Senior Vice President, Domestic Development. From August 2011 until December 2016, Mr. Ellis was Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary of Carmike Cinemas, Inc. From 1999 until 2011, Mr. Ellis served in several roles with Lodgian, Inc., including as President, Chief Executive Officer, and a member of the Board of Directors from 2009 through 2010 and Senior Vice-President, General Counsel and Secretary from 2002 through 2009. Prior to joining Lodgian, Mr. Ellis was engaged in private law practice and also served as an Assistant District Attorney for the State of Georgia. Mr. Ellis holds a Bachelor of Business Administration from Georgia Southern University, a Master’s of Business Administration from Mercer University, and a Juris Doctorate degree from the University of Mississippi.

Ms. Ellen Copaken has served as Senior Vice President, Marketing of AMC since August 2023. Between February 2022 and August 2023, Ms. Copaken served as Vice President, Growth Strategy and led all aspects of AMC’s Perfectly Popcorn home popcorn product launch. Prior to joining AMC, Ms. Copaken served as Partner at global innovation consulting firm, Sterling Rice Group, where she led client relationships and growth strategy engagements in foodservice, retail, consumer package goods and hospitality industries. Previously, she worked in marketing leadership roles for Frito-Lay, PepsiCo and Hostess Brands in general management, innovation and brand management. During her time in the consumer-packaged goods industry, she launched dozens of new food and beverage products in grocery, retail and restaurant/foodservice. Ms. Copaken has a Bachelor of Arts from University of Pennsylvania and a Master’s of Business Administration from The Wharton School.

Mr. Kevin M. Connor has served as Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary of AMC since April 2003. Prior to April 2003, Mr. Connor served as Senior Vice President, Legal beginning November 2002. Prior thereto, Mr. Connor was in private practice in Kansas City, Missouri as a partner with the firm Seigfreid Bingham, P.C. from October 1995. Mr. Connor holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in English and History from Vanderbilt University, a Juris Doctorate degree from the University of Kansas School of Law and LLM in Taxation from the University of Missouri-Kansas City.

Mr. Chris A. Cox has served as Senior Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer of AMC since June 2010. Prior thereto Mr. Cox served as Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer since May 2002. Prior to May 2002, Mr. Cox had served as Vice President and Controller since November 2000. Previously, Mr. Cox had served as Director of Corporate Accounting for the Dial Corporation from December 1999 until November 2000. Prior to Dial Corporation, Mr. Cox held various positions at PwC LLP. Mr. Cox holds a Bachelor of Business Administration in Accounting and Finance degree from the University of Iowa.

Ms. Carla C. Chavarria has served as Senior Vice President, Chief Human Resources Officer of AMC since January 2019 and Senior Vice President, Human Resources of AMC since January 2014. Ms. Chavarria served as Vice President, Human Resources Services from September 2006 to January 2014. Prior thereto, Ms. Chavarria served as Vice President, Recruitment and Development from April 2005 to September 2006. Ms. Chavarria’s prior experience includes human resources manager and director of employment practices. Ms. Chavarria holds a B.S. from The Pennsylvania State University.

The following is a summary list of risk factors:

Financial Risks

• absent more normalized levels of attendance and operating revenues, our ability to obtain additional liquidity, which if not realized or is insufficient, likely would result in us seeking an in-court or out-of-court restructuring of our liabilities, and in the event of such future liquidation or bankruptcy proceeding, holders of our Common Stock and other securities would likely suffer a total loss of their investment;
• our substantial level of indebtedness and our current liquidity constraints could adversely affect our financial condition and our ability to service our indebtedness, to pre-pay debt, and to refinance debt and to do so with comparable interest rates or other favorable terms, and our ability to take advantage of certain business opportunities, which could negatively impact the ability of investors to recover their investment in our Common Stock;
• risks relating to impairment losses, including with respect to goodwill and other intangibles, and theatre and other closure charges;
• limitations on the availability of capital or poor financial results may prevent us from deploying strategic initiatives; and
• we are currently not paying dividends and in the future may not generate sufficient cash flows or have sufficient restricted payment capacity under our Credit Agreement or the indentures governing our debt securities to pay dividends on our Common Stock.

Operational Risks

• risks relating to motion picture production and theatrical performance;
• our lack of control over distributors of films;
• increased use of alternative film delivery methods, including premium video on demand or other forms of entertainment;
• shrinking exclusive theatrical release windows or release of movies to theatrical exhibition and streaming platforms on the same date, and the production and theatrical release of fewer movies as a consequence of labor stoppages, increased cost of production, decreased consumer demand, or changes in strategic focus of studios;
• intense competition in the geographic areas in which we operate among exhibitors or from other forms of entertainment;
• failures, unavailability or security breaches of our information systems;
• dependence on key personnel for current and future performance and our ability to attract and retain senior executives and other key personnel, including in connection with any future acquisitions;
• our ability to achieve expected synergies, benefits and performance from our strategic theatre acquisitions and strategic initiatives;
• the risk of severe weather events or other events caused by climate change disrupting or limiting operations;
• general and international economic, political, regulatory, social and financial market conditions, including potential economic recession, inflation, and other risks that may negatively impact discretionary income and our operating revenues and attendance levels;
• the availability and/or cost of energy in Europe may negatively impact our operating results;
• supply chain disruptions, labor shortages, and inflation may negatively impact our operating results;
• optimizing our theatre circuit through new construction and the transformation of our existing theatres may be subject to delay and unanticipated costs; and
• the expiration of our current equity incentive plan could cause difficulties in retaining and hiring executives, which could cause an adverse impact on cash flow or adverse accounting consequences from alternative forms of compensation.

Regulatory Risks

• general and international economic, political, regulatory, social and financial market conditions, including potential economic recession, inflation, and other risks that may negatively impact discretionary income and our operating revenues and attendance levels;
• review by antitrust authorities in connection with acquisition opportunities;
• risks relating to the incurrence of legal liability, including costs associated with ongoing securities class action lawsuits;
• increased costs in order to comply or resulting from a failure to comply with governmental regulation, including the GDPR and all other current and pending privacy and data regulations in the jurisdictions where we have operations; and
• the potential for political, social, or economic unrest, terrorism, hostilities, cyber-attacks or war, including the conflict between Russia and Ukraine and other international conflicts.

Risks Related to our Shares

• there has been significant recent dilution and there may continue to be additional future dilution of our Common Stock, which could adversely affect the market price of shares of our Common Stock;
• the market prices and trading volumes of our shares of Common Stock have experienced, and may continue to experience, extreme volatility, which could cause purchasers of our Common Stock to incur substantial losses;
• the risk of a “short squeeze” due to a sudden increase in demand for shares of our Common Stock that largely exceeds supply and/or focused investor trading in anticipation of a potential short squeeze has led to, may be currently leading to, and could again lead to, extreme price volatility in shares of our Common Stock;
• there is no guarantee that our retail stockholders will continue to support AMC in the future, and negative sentiment among AMC’s retail stockholder base in the future could have a material adverse impact on the market price of the Common Stock and investor’s investment therein;
• future offerings of debt, which would be senior to our Common Stock upon liquidation, and/or other preferred equity securities, which may be senior to our Common Stock for purposes of distributions or upon liquidation, could adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock;
• anti-takeover protections in our certificate of incorporation and our bylaws may discourage or prevent a takeover of our Company, even if an acquisition would be beneficial to our stockholders;
• an issuance of preferred stock, including the Series A Convertible Participating Preferred Stock, could dilute the voting power of the common stockholders and adversely affect the market value of our Common Stock;
• information available in public media that is published by third parties, including blogs, articles, online forums, message boards and social and other media may include statements not attributable to the Company and may not be reliable or accurate; and
• increases in market interest rates may cause potential investors to seek higher returns and therefore reduce demand for our Common Stock, which could result in a decline in the market price of our Common Stock.

Financial Risks

In the absence of significant increases in operating revenues and attendance from current levels, or obtaining significant additional sources of liquidity, an investment in our Common Stock is highly speculative; holders of our Common Stock could suffer a total loss of their investment.

To remain viable beyond the next twelve months, the Company is expected to require additional sources of liquidity, reductions or abatements of its rent obligations and/or significant increases in operating revenues and attendance levels, see Liquidity and Capital Resources—For the Year Ended December 31, 2023 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2022 included in Part II, Item 7 thereof for further information regarding operating revenue and attendance assumptions. The required amounts of additional liquidity may be material. Although the Company believes that cash flow from operations will be sufficient to meet its material cash requirements over the next twelve months, it is actively continuing to explore additional sources of liquidity. The Company is unable to determine at this time whether any additional sources of liquidity will be available to it or if available, individually or taken together, will be sufficient to address its potential liquidity needs. There is significant uncertainty as to whether these potential sources of liquidity will be realized or that they will be sufficient to generate the material amounts of additional liquidity that may be required until the Company is able to achieve more normalized levels of attendance and operating revenues. Any individual source of liquidity that the Company is pursuing may not be sufficient to address all the Company’s future liquidity requirements, and even if all of the potential sources of liquidity that the Company is pursuing are available, they may not be sufficient to address the Company’s liquidity requirements. Further, any relief provided by lenders, governmental agencies, and business partners may not be adequate and may include onerous terms, scheduled film releases may fail to drive increased operating revenues and attendance, scheduled releases may be postponed or moved to the home video market, or the attendance levels of, and revenues generated by, our theatres may normalize at a level that will not support our substantial amount of indebtedness, rent liabilities or other obligations. Due to these factors, if the Company is unable to obtain the necessary additional sources of liquidity, an investment in our Common Stock is highly speculative.

Significant impacts on our business caused by changes in the film exhibition industry during the course of and after the COVID-19 pandemic include, and are likely to continue to include, among others: (1) decreased attendance at our theatres, including due to changes in consumer behavior in favor of viewing feature-length movies at home on directly to video streaming or PVOD platforms or spending on alternative forms of entertainment, (2) unavailability of employees due to general shortages in the labor market, (3) our inability to generate significant cash flow from operations if our theatres continue to operate at significantly lower than historical levels, which could lead to a need to increase our indebtedness, and negatively impact our ability to comply with the financial covenants, as applicable, in our debt agreements and (4) our inability to service our existing and future indebtedness or other liabilities.

With the changing operating landscape for the film exhibition industry following the COVID-19 pandemic, coupled with decreases in revenue during that time frame, we may face difficulty in maintaining relationships with our creditors, landlords, vendors, motion picture distributors, customers, and employees. Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 virus, some movie studios have reduced the theatrical exclusive release window, have skipped a theatrical release and released their movies through streaming or other channels, or have announced that future theatrical releases will be released concurrently through streaming channels. Studios may continue to do so with additional releases.

Work stoppages by the Writers Guild of America and Screen Actors Guild–American Federation of Television and Radio Artists during 2023 also had an impact upon the production pipeline for theatrical releases by most studios, which are expected to have the effect of decreasing the volume of theatrical releases in 2024, and therefore negatively affect our attendance levels and revenue. The new collective bargaining agreements with these labor unions may lead to increased costs to create content, which could cause studios to demand greater fees for the exhibition of their motion pictures, or further reduce the amount of future theatrical releases.

In the event the Company’s operating revenues do not continue to increase to pre-COVID-19 levels, we would seek to negotiate with creditors changes to our balance sheet liabilities and continue to take steps to reach agreements with our landlords to reduce or abate our rent obligations. Ultimately, if operating revenues do not normalize and we are unsuccessful in restructuring our liabilities, we would face the risk of a future liquidation or bankruptcy proceeding, in which case holders of the Company’s Common Stock would likely suffer a total loss of their investment.

Our substantial level of indebtedness and liquidity constraints could adversely affect our financial condition and our ability to service our indebtedness, which could negatively impact an investor’s ability to recover their investments in the Common Stock.

We have a substantial amount of indebtedness, which requires significant interest payments. As of December 31, 2023, the carrying value of our corporate borrowings and finance lease obligations were $4,577.4 million ($4,504.3 million aggregate principal amount) and $55.4 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, we also had approximately $4.5 billion of discounted rental payments under operating leases (with a weighted average remaining lease term of 8.7 years).

Including repayments of deferred lease amounts, the Company’s cash expenditures for rent increased substantially in the second, third, and fourth quarters of 2021 and throughout 2022 and 2023 as previously deferred rent payments and landlord concessions started to become current obligations. The Company received rent concessions provided by the lessors that aided in mitigating the economic effects of COVID-19 during the pandemic. These concessions primarily consisted of rent abatements and the deferral of rent payments. As a result, deferred lease amounts were approximately $56.3 million as of December 31, 2023. See Note 3—Leases in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements under Part II, Item 8 thereof, for a summary of the estimated future repayment terms for the deferred lease amounts due to COVID-19.

Our substantial level of indebtedness and the current constraints on our liquidity could have important consequences, including the following:

• we entered into the Ninth Amendment (as defined in Note 8—Corporate Borrowings and Finance Lease Liabilities in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements under Part II, Item 8 thereof), pursuant to which the requisite revolving lenders party thereto agreed to extend the fixed date for the termination of the suspension period for the financial covenant applicable to the Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility from March 31, 2021 to March 31, 2022, which was further extended by the Eleventh

Amendment (as defined in Note 8—Corporate Borrowings and Finance Lease Liabilities in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements under Part II, Item 8 thereof) and Twelfth Amendment (as defined in Note 8—Corporate Borrowings and Finance Lease Liabilities in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements under Part II, Item 8 thereof) from March 31, 2022 to March 31, 2023 and then from March 31, 2023 to March 31, 2024, respectively, in each case, as described, and on the terms and conditions specified, therein, including a minimum liquidity requirement of $100 million during the covenant suspension period. A breach of any condition to the financial covenant suspension set forth in the Credit Agreement may result in an event of default under the Credit Agreement or resume testing of the financial covenant. The current maturity date of the Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility is April 22, 2024 and we currently do not expect to extend such maturity or replace the Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility upon such maturity;

• we must use a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to pay interest and principal on our indebtedness, which reduces or will reduce funds available to us for other purposes such as working capital, capital expenditures, other general corporate purposes and potential acquisitions;
• our ability to refinance such indebtedness or to obtain additional financing for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions or general corporate purposes may be impaired;
• we are exposed to fluctuations in interest rates because our senior credit facilities have variable rates of interest;
• our leverage may be greater than that of some of our competitors, which may put us at a competitive disadvantage and reduce our flexibility in responding to current and changing industry and financial market conditions;
• there are significant constraints on our ability to incur additional debt; and
• we may be more vulnerable to economic downturn and adverse developments in our business.

​ We and our subsidiaries may be able to incur additional indebtedness in the future, subject to the restrictions and compliance obligations contained in the agreements governing our indebtedness. To the extent new indebtedness is added to our debt levels, including as a result of satisfying interest payment obligations on certain of our indebtedness with payments-in-kind, the related risks that we now face could intensify.

Our ability to meet our expenses, to remain in compliance with our covenants under our debt instruments and to make future principal and interest payments in respect of our debt depends on, among other factors, our operating performance, competitive developments and financial market conditions, all of which are significantly affected by financial, business, economic and other factors outside of our control. Given current industry and economic conditions, our cash flow may not be sufficient to allow us to pay principal and interest on our debt and meet our other obligations.

To the extent our relationship with lenders is negatively affected by disputes that may arise from time to time, it may be more difficult to seek covenant relief, if needed, or to raise additional funds in the future.

We may incur future impairment charges to goodwill, other intangibles, or long-lived assets and future theatre and other closure charges.

We have a significant amount of goodwill on our balance sheet as a result of acquisitions. As of December 31, 2023, goodwill recorded on our consolidated balance sheet totaled $2,358.7 million. If the market price of our Common Stock declines, if the fair value of our debt declines, or if other events or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of our reporting units below their respective carrying value, all or a portion of our goodwill may be impaired in future periods.

We review long-lived assets, goodwill, indefinite-lived intangible assets and other intangible assets and theatre assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable. The review for goodwill compares the fair value for each of our reporting units to their associated carrying value. Factors that could lead to impairment of goodwill and intangible assets include adverse industry or economic trends, reduced estimates of future cash flows, and declines in the market price of our Common Stock or declines in the fair value of our debt. Our valuation methodology for assessing impairment requires management to make judgments and assumptions based on historical experience and projections of future operating performance, including estimating the fair value of our corporate borrowings and finance lease liabilities. We may be required to record future charges to earnings during the period in which an impairment of goodwill or intangible assets is determined to exist. During the years ended December 31, 2023, December 31, 2022, and December 31, 2021, we recorded impairment of long-lived asset charges of $106.9 million, $133.1 million, $77.2 million, respectively. The assets impaired during year 2023 included 68 theatres in the U.S. markets with 738 screens and 57 theatres in the International markets with 488 screens. We did not record any goodwill non-cash impairment charges during the years ended December 31, 2023, December 31, 2022, and December 31, 2021 as we determined it was not more likely than not that the fair value of our reporting units was below their respective carrying values.

Limitations on the availability of capital and reductions to capital expenditures may delay or prevent deployment of strategic initiatives.

Implementation of our key strategic initiatives, including premium sight and sound, other upgrades to auditoriums, and food and beverage enhancements require significant capital expenditures. Our gross capital expenditures were approximately $225.6 million, $202.0 million, and $92.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. We estimate that our cash outflows for capital expenditures, net of landlord contributions, will be approximately $175 million to $225 million for the year ending December 31, 2024 to maintain and enhance operations. A lack of available capital resources due to business performance or other financial commitments could prevent or delay the deployment of innovations in our theatres. We may reduce capital expenditures significantly or seek additional financing or issue additional securities, which may affect the timing and scope of growth strategy. We cannot be certain that we will be able to obtain new financing on favorable terms, or at all. In addition, covenants under our existing indebtedness limit our ability to incur additional indebtedness, and the performance of any additional or improved theatres may not be sufficient to service the related indebtedness that we are permitted to incur.

We are currently not paying dividends and in the future may not generate sufficient cash flows or have sufficient restricted payment capacity under our Credit Agreement or the indentures governing our debt securities to pay dividends on our Common Stock.

We are currently not paying a cash dividend. We are only able to pay dividends from our available cash on hand and funds received from our subsidiaries. Our subsidiaries' ability to make distributions to us will depend on their ability to generate substantial operating cash flow. Our ability to pay dividends to our stockholders in the future is subject to the terms of our Credit Agreement and the indentures governing our outstanding notes. Our operating cash flow and ability to comply with restricted payment covenants in our debt instruments will depend on our future performance, which will be subject to prevailing economic conditions and to financial, business and other factors beyond our control. In addition, dividend payments are not mandatory or guaranteed, and our board of directors may determine not to resume the payment of dividends. We may not pay dividends as a result of the following additional factors, among others:

• we are not legally or contractually required to pay dividends;
• even if we determine to resume paying cash dividends, the actual amount of dividends distributed and the decision to make any distribution is entirely at the discretion of our board of directors and future dividends, if any, will depend on, among other things, our results of operations, cash requirements, financial condition, business opportunities, provisions of applicable law and other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant;
• the inability to deduct all or significant portions of our interest expense for tax purposes, will ultimately increase the need to generate revenues to support our capital structure;
• the amount of dividends distributed is and will be subject to contractual restrictions under the restrictive payment covenants contained in the indentures governing our debt securities, the terms of our Credit Agreement, and the terms of any other outstanding or future indebtedness incurred by us or any of our subsidiaries; and
• the amount of dividends distributed is subject to state law restrictions.

Operational Risks

Our business depends on motion picture production and performance and is subject to intense competition, including increases in alternative film delivery methods or other forms of entertainment.

Our ability to operate successfully depends upon the availability, diversity and appeal of motion pictures, our ability to license motion pictures and the performance of such motion pictures in our markets. The most attended films are usually released during the summer and the calendar year-end holidays, making our business seasonal. We primarily license first-run motion pictures, the success of which has increasingly depended on the marketing efforts of the major motion picture studios and the duration of the exclusive theatrical release windows. Poor performance of, or any disruption in the production of these motion pictures (including by reason of a strike or lack of adequate financing), a reduction in, or suspension of, the marketing efforts of the major motion picture studios, the choice by distributors to release fewer feature-length movies theatrically, or the choice to release feature-length movies directly to video streaming or PVOD platforms, either in lieu of or on the same date as a theatrical release, could hurt our business and results of operations. Conversely, the successful performance of these motion pictures, particularly the sustained success of any one motion picture, or an increase in effective marketing efforts of the major motion picture studios and extension of the exclusive theatrical release windows, may generate positive results for our business and operations in a specific fiscal quarter or year that may not necessarily be indicative of, or comparable to, future results of operations. As movie studios rely on a smaller number of higher grossing “tent pole” films there may be increased pressure for higher film licensing fees. Our loyalty program and certain promotional pricing also may affect performance and increase the cost to license motion pictures relative to revenue for admission. In addition, a change in the type and breadth of movies offered by motion picture studios and the theatrical exclusive release window may adversely affect the demographic base of movie-goers.

Motion picture production is highly dependent on labor that is subject to various collective bargaining agreements. Stikes by the Writers Guild of America and the Screen Actors Guild–American Federation of Television and Radio Artists during 2023 halted production of motion pictures for several months, and are expected to delay or otherwise affect the supply, of certain motion pictures. The disruption in film production may also cause delays for currently scheduled film release dates. It is difficult to anticipate the scope and timing of such delays. It is difficult to predict the full extent of the adverse impact of the strikes on the Company’s business and results of operations in future reporting periods. Studios are party to collective bargaining agreements with a number of other labor unions, and failure to reach timely agreements or renewals of existing agreements, including pending renewals with the American Federation of Musicians and the International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees, may further affect the production and supply of theatrical motion picture content.

Our theatres are subject to varying degrees of competition in the geographic areas in which we operate. Competitors may be multi-national circuits, national circuits, regional circuits or smaller independent exhibitors. Competition among theatre exhibition companies is often intense with respect to attracting patrons, terms for licensing of motion pictures and availability and securing and maintaining desirable locations.

We also compete with other film and content delivery methods, including video streaming, network, syndicated cable and satellite television, as well as video-on-demand, pay-per-view services, subscription streaming services, and social media platforms. We also compete for the public’s leisure time and disposable income with other forms of entertainment, including sporting events, video gaming, social media, amusement parks, live music concerts, live theatre, and restaurants. An increase in the popularity of these alternative film delivery methods and other forms of entertainment could reduce attendance at our theatres, limit the prices we can charge for admission and materially adversely affect our business and results of operations.

We rely on distributors of motion pictures, over whom we have no control, for the films that we exhibit, and our business may be adversely affected if our access to motion pictures is limited or delayed.

Our business depends on maintaining good relations with these distributors, as this affects our ability to negotiate commercially favorable licensing terms for first-run films or to obtain licenses at all. With only seven movie studio distributors representing approximately 84% of our U.S. markets’ box office revenues in 2023 and five movie studio distributors representing approximately 78% of our International markets’ box office revenues in 2023, there is a high level of concentration and continued consolidation in the industry. Our business may be adversely affected if our access to motion pictures is limited or delayed because of deterioration in our relationships with one or more distributors or for some other reason. To the extent that we are unable to license a popular film for exhibition in our theatres, our operating results may be adversely affected.

Our results of operations will be impacted by shrinking theatrical exclusive release windows and other practices adopted by movie studies.

Over the last decade, the average theatrical exclusive release window, which represents the time that elapses from the date of a film’s theatrical release to the date a film is available to consumers in-home, has decreased from approximately four months to approximately one-and-one half months. Additionally, during the COVID-19 pandemic, certain movie studios adopted strategies that have eliminated the theatrical exclusive release window. While this trend has diminished in 2023 as the COVID-19 pandemic has diminished, studios may adopt similar strategies in the future that shorten or eliminate the theatrical release window. These practices have significantly impacted our revenues and are expected to continue to have an adverse impact on our business and results of operations going forward.

We rely on our information systems to conduct our business, and any failure to protect these systems against security breaches or failure of these systems themselves could adversely affect our business, results of operations and liquidity and could result in litigation and penalties. Additionally, if these systems fail or become unavailable for any significant period of time, our business could be harmed.

Potential cybersecurity incidents could interfere with our business and operations. Computer hacking, installation of malware, installation of ransomware, phishing, and spamming attacks against online networking platforms have become more prevalent and more sophisticated. Though it is difficult to determine what, if any, harm may directly result from any specific attack or interruption, such events could also be expensive to remedy, harm our reputation or brands, lead users to lose trust and confidence in our business, and/or result in costly fines, penalties, and costly remediation requirements. We, and others on our behalf, also store “personally identifiable information” (“PII”) with respect to employees, vendors, customers, and others. We and our third-party vendors have been subject to, and will likely continue to be subject to, attempts to gain unauthorized access to our and their information systems. None of these attempts has individually or in the aggregate resulted in a cybersecurity incident with a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations. While we have implemented safeguards to protect the privacy of PII, there is still a risk of a material cybersecurity incident where hackers or others might obtain information, which could result in potentially costly remedial action, as well as potential fines, penalties, lawsuits, and reputational damage.

Furthermore, we rely on our information systems and those of third parties for storing proprietary company information about our products and intellectual property, as well as for processing patron purchases, loyalty program activity, supporting accounting functions and financial statement preparation, paying our employees, and otherwise running our business. In addition, we may need to enhance our information systems to provide additional capabilities and functionality. The implementation of new information systems and enhancements is frequently disruptive to the underlying business of an enterprise. Any disruptions affecting our ability to accurately report our financial performance on a timely basis could adversely affect our business in a number of respects. If we are unable to successfully implement potential future system enhancements, our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows could be negatively impacted.

We depend on key personnel for our current and future performance.

Our current and future performance depends to a significant degree upon the retention of our senior management team and other key personnel. The loss or unavailability of any member of our senior management team or a key employee could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. We cannot give assurance that we would be able to locate or employ qualified replacements for senior management or key employees on acceptable terms.

Supply chain disruptions, labor shortages, and inflation may negatively impact our operations and operating results.

We rely on a limited number of suppliers for certain products, supplies and services, including a single U.S. vendor for the warehousing and distribution of most of the products and supplies for our U.S. food and beverage operations. Items such as consumable oils used in food preparation and containers/packaging for food and beverage service have been impacted by price and availability in both the U.S. markets and International markets. Shortages, delays, or interruptions in the availability of food and beverage items and other supplies to our theatres may be caused by commodity availability; public health crises or pandemics, including resulting lockdowns in areas where goods are manufactured; social or economic unrest, terrorism, hostilities, cyber-attacks or war, including the conflict between Russia and Ukraine and the potential impact of financial and economic sanctions on the regional and global economy; labor issues or other operational disruptions; the inability of our suppliers to manage adverse business conditions, obtain credit or remain solvent; adverse weather conditions; natural disasters; governmental regulation; recalls; or other conditions beyond our control. Such shortages, delays or interruptions could adversely affect the availability, quality, and cost of the items we buy and the operations of our business. Supply chain risk could increase our costs and limit the availability of products that are critical to our operations. If we raise prices in response to increased costs or shortages, it may negatively impact our sales. If we temporarily remove popular food and beverage options without comparable alternatives, we may experience a reduction in sales during the time affected by the shortage or thereafter if our guests change their purchasing habits.

During the recovery from the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, we have, with regard to certain items, experienced difficulties in maintaining a consistent supply, seen delays in production and deliveries, been required to identify alternative suppliers, and suspended sales regionally or entirely. We expect these issues to continue for the foreseeable future and plan to minimize the impact by focusing on the supply of those items with the greatest impact on our sales and operations.

The success of our business depends on our ability to recruit and retain staff members for our theatres. Labor shortages and demand for staff are becoming more prominent after the COVID-19 pandemic. Without proper staffing, wait times to buy tickets and concessions are extended, operating hours may be reduced, and, in some cases, theatres cannot open at all. As patrons return to our theatres in greater numbers, these conditions may result in a poor guest experience, perhaps causing them to not return in the future. These labor shortages have also required us to raise wages to be competitive in the small available workforce. Increased labor costs cut into profits already impacted by COVID-19 and the recovery from the pandemic.

In addition, we are dependent upon natural gas and electricity to operate our theatres. The cost of natural gas and electricity may fluctuate widely due to economic and political conditions, government policy and regulations, war, or other unforeseen circumstances. Substantial future increases in prices, including the availability and/or cost of energy in Europe, for, or shortages of, natural gas and electricity could have a negative effect on our profitability. There can be no assurance that we can cover these potential cost increases through future pricing actions.

In an inflationary environment, such as the current economic environment, depending on the market conditions in each region or country, we may be unable to raise the prices of our movie tickets or food and beverage products enough to keep up with the rate of inflation, which would reduce our profitability, and continued inflationary pressures could impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Optimizing our theatre circuit through new construction and the transformation of our existing theatres may be subject to delay and unanticipated costs.

The availability of attractive site locations for new construction is subject to various factors that are beyond our control. These factors include:

• local conditions, such as scarcity of space or increase in demand for real estate, demographic changes and changes in zoning and tax laws; and
• competition for site locations from both theatre companies and other businesses.

We typically require 18 to 24 months in the United States from the time we reach an agreement with a landlord to when a theatre opens. This timeframe may vary in International markets.

In addition, the improvement of our existing theatres through our enhanced food and beverage offerings, recliner seating, and premium sight and sound initiatives is subject to substantial risks, such as difficulty in obtaining permits, landlord approvals and operating licenses (e.g., liquor licenses). We may also experience cost overruns from delays or other unanticipated costs in both new construction and facility improvements. Furthermore, our new sites and transformed locations may not perform to our expectations.

Climate change, adverse weather conditions and natural disasters could adversely affect our theatre operations, sales or financial results.

Climate change and natural disasters may adversely affect our ability to keep movie theatres open and operational in affected regions and consumer ability to travel to our theatres if they are open. Relative to normal weather conditions, extended severe weather as a result of climate change can close theatres for days due to pervasive power outages, flooding, or wildfires. These severe weather events can also result in delays in the construction of new theatres, interruptions to the availability or increases in the cost of utilities, and shortages in the supply, or increases in the costs of concessions and other supplies required for operations. Additionally, the seasonal timing of severe weather patterns tends to mimic the fluctuation of our sales. With our busy season being around the winter holidays and in the summer, the risk is even greater for extended severe winter storms and increased hurricanes and tornadoes in the summer months.

The Company's current equity incentive plan expired in December 2023 and a new equity incentive plan has not been put into place. Without a new equity incentive plan, the Company could experience difficulties retaining and hiring executives due to its inability to issue compensatory equity awards and could experience an adverse impact on its cash flow or adverse accounting consequences from alternative forms of compensation.

The current equity incentive plan of the Company expired at the end of its 10-year term in December 2023. As required by New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) rules, the Company intends to ask its stockholders for approval of a new equity incentive plan at its 2024 annual meeting. There can be no guarantee that the stockholders will approve a new plan. The absence of an equity incentive plan may create challenges for executive recruitment and retention. Absent a new plan, the Company could issue equity-related awards to be settled in cash. The issuance of such awards may mitigate short-term risks related to executive recruitment and retention, but cash settlements of these awards would negatively impact cash flow and would require the Company to account for these awards based on the fair value of the related equity at the end of each reporting period, giving effect to the portion of services rendered during the requisite service periods. Until such time as the stockholders approve a new equity incentive plan, equity-related awards made to executives would need to be settled in cash. Continued issuance of cash-settled awards may not be sustainable given the Company’s cash flow challenges. The operating cash flow of the Company is still negative.

Regulatory Risks

General political, social and economic conditions can reduce our operating revenues and attendance.

Our success depends on general political, social, and economic conditions and the willingness of consumers to spend money at movie theatres. If going to motion pictures becomes less popular or consumers spend less on food and beverage, our operations could be adversely affected. In addition, our operations could be adversely affected if consumers’ discretionary income falls as a result of an economic downturn. Geopolitical events, including the threat of regional war, terrorism or cyber-attacks, or widespread health emergencies, such as pandemics or epidemics, could cause people to avoid our theatres or other public places where large crowds are in attendance. In addition, due to our concentration in certain markets, natural disasters such as hurricanes or earthquakes in those markets could adversely affect our overall results of operations.

We are subject to substantial government regulation, which could entail significant cost.

We are subject to various federal, state and local laws, regulations and administrative practices both domestically and internationally affecting our business, and we must comply with provisions regulating antitrust, customary health and sanitation standards, equal employment, environmental, licensing for the sale of food and, in some theatres, alcoholic beverages, and data protection and privacy laws, including GDPR, and all other current and pending privacy and data regulations in the jurisdictions where we have operations. Our new theatre openings could be delayed or prevented or our existing theatres could be impacted by difficulties or failures in our ability to obtain or maintain required approvals or licenses. Changes in existing laws or implementation of new laws, regulations and practices could have a significant impact on our business. A significant portion of our theatre level employees are part-time workers who are paid at or near the applicable minimum wage in the theatre’s jurisdiction. Increases in the minimum wage and implementation of reforms requiring the provision of additional benefits will increase our labor costs.

We own and operate facilities throughout the United States and various international markets throughout Europe and are subject to the environmental laws and regulations of those jurisdictions, particularly laws governing the cleanup of hazardous materials and the management of properties. We might in the future be required to participate in the cleanup of a property that we own or lease, or at which we have been alleged to have disposed of hazardous materials from one of our facilities. In certain circumstances, we might be solely responsible for any such liability under environmental laws, and such claims could be material.

In the United States, our theatres must comply with Title III of the ADA. Compliance with the ADA requires that public accommodations, including websites and mobile apps for such public accommodations, “reasonably accommodate” individuals with disabilities and that new construction or alterations made to “commercial facilities” conform to accessibility guidelines unless “structurally impracticable” for new construction or technically infeasible for alterations. Non-compliance with the ADA could result in the imposition of injunctive relief, fines, and an award of damages to private litigants or additional capital expenditures to remedy such non-compliance, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our operations and financial condition. In Europe, all territories have similar national regulations relating to disabilities that our theatres operate in accordance with. Noncompliance with these regulations could carry financial, operational and reputation risks.

We are subject to complex taxation, changes in tax rates, adoption of new United States, European Union or international tax legislation and disagreements with tax authorities that could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

We are subject to many different forms of taxation in both the United States and in foreign jurisdictions where we operate. Current economic and political conditions make compliance with domestic and international tax and transfer pricing laws and regulations, including in the United States, United Kingdom, and European Union subject to ongoing change. The cost of compliance is high and likely to increase in the future. Any failure on our part to comply with these laws and regulations can result in negative publicity and diversion of management time and effort and could subject us to significant liabilities and other penalties.

Numerous countries have agreed to a statement in support of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (“OECD”) model rules that propose a global minimum tax rate of 15% and European Union member states have agreed to implement the global minimum tax. Certain countries, including European Union member states, have enacted or are expected to enact legislation to be effective as early as 2024, with widespread implementation of a global minimum tax expected by 2025. We will continue to monitor pending legislation and implementation by individual countries and evaluate the potential impact on our business in future periods.

The legal regimes governing our international business operations could require our international subsidiaries or their directors to pursue insolvency proceedings.

The legal regimes governing certain of our international subsidiaries (including Germany, Spain, Portugal, Norway and Sweden) impose on directors an obligation to pursue insolvency proceedings in certain circumstances. There are various potential triggers including illiquidity, over-indebtedness and inadequate capitalization. If our international subsidiaries were required to (and did) pursue insolvency proceedings, that could in turn trigger events of default under our international senior secured notes and/or have other material adverse effects on our business and financial position, including additional insolvency proceedings.

We may be reviewed by antitrust authorities.

Given our size and market share, pursuit of acquisition opportunities that would increase the number of our theatres in markets where we have a leading market share would likely result in significant review by antitrust regulators in the applicable jurisdictions, and we may be required to dispose of theatres in order to complete such acquisition opportunities. As a result, we may not be able to succeed in acquiring other exhibition companies or we may have to dispose of a significant number of theatres in key markets in order to complete such acquisitions.

We operate in a consolidating industry that is scrutinized from time to time for compliance with antitrust and competition laws, including currently dormant investigations into film clearances and joint ventures among competing exhibitors. If we were found to have violated antitrust laws, it could have a material adverse effect on our operations and financial condition.

Our business is subject to international economic, political and other risks that could negatively affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

As a result of our international operations, 23.4% of our revenues were derived from countries outside the United States for the year ended December 31, 2023. The success of our international operations is subject to risks that are beyond our control. Accordingly, our business is subject to risks associated with doing business internationally, including:

• difficulties and costs of staffing and managing international operations among diverse geographies, languages and cultures;
• the impact of regional or country-specific business cycles and economic instability;
• the potential for political, social, or economic unrest, terrorism, hostilities, cyber-attacks or war, including the conflict between Russia and Ukraine and other international conflicts, and adverse changes in political or economic relations with the United States;
• fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates which could lead to fluctuations in our reported results of operations or result in significant decreases in the value of our international investments as denominated in U.S. Dollars;
• increased foreign interest rates, foreign exchange fees and other bank charges as a result of financing our foreign operations;
• exposure to anti-corruption laws, including the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”) and the U.K. Bribery Act (the “Bribery Act”), and export-control regulations and economic sanctions regulations, including those promulgated by the Office of Foreign Assets Control, United States Department of Treasury (“OFAC”);
• exposure to local economic conditions, labor and employment conditions, and local laws and regulations, including data privacy laws, tariffs, or other trade barriers;
• difficulty in protecting our brand, reputation and intellectual property; and
• restrictions on the ability to obtain or retain licenses required for operation.

If we are unable to manage the complexity of our global operations successfully, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Risk Related to our Share Issuances

There has been significant recent dilution and there may continue to be additional future dilution of our Common Stock, which could adversely affect the market price of shares of our Common Stock.

From January 1, 2020 through February 21, 2024, the outstanding shares of our Common Stock have increased by 258,070,230 shares (on a Reverse Stock Split adjusted basis) in a combination of at-the-market sales, conversion of Series A Convertible Participating Preferred Stock, shareholder litigation settlement, conversion of Class B common stock, conversion of notes, exchanges of notes, transaction fee payments, and equity grant vesting. On March 14, 2023, the Company held the Special Meeting and obtained the requisite stockholder approval for the Charter Amendments and on August 14, 2023, we filed the amendment to our Certificate of Incorporation implementing the Charter Amendments effective as of August 24, 2023. Accordingly, in accordance with the Charter Amendments, we increased the total number of authorized shares of Common Stock from 524,173,073 to 550,000,000 shares of Common Stock and effectuated a reverse stock split at a ratio of one share of Common Stock for every ten shares of Common Stock outstanding. In accordance with the terms of the Certificate of Designations governing the Series A Convertible Participating Preferred Stock, following the effectiveness of the Charter Amendments all outstanding shares of our Series A Convertible Participating Preferred Stock converted into 99,540,642 shares of Common Stock. As of February 21, 2024, there were 263,278,238 shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding. We expect to issue additional shares of Common Stock to raise cash to bolster our liquidity, to repay, refinance, redeem or exchange indebtedness (including expenses, accrued interest and premium, if any), for working capital, to finance strategic initiatives and future acquisitions or for other purposes. We may also issue preferred equity securities or securities convertible into, or exchangeable for, or that represent the right to receive, shares of Common Stock or acquire interests in other companies, or other assets by using a combination of cash and shares of Common Stock, or just shares of Common Stock.

Additionally, vesting under our equity compensation programs results in the issuance of new shares of Common Stock and shares withheld to cover tax withholding obligations upon vesting remain available for future grants. Any of these events would likely dilute the ownership interests of current stockholders and reduce our earnings per share, and could have an adverse effect on the price of our shares of Common Stock. For capitalized terms used herein but not defined see Note 9—Stockholders’ Deficit in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements under Part II, Item 8 thereof.

The market price and trading volume of our shares of Common Stock have experienced, and may continue to experience, extreme volatility, which could cause purchasers of our Common Stock to incur substantial losses.

The market prices and trading volume of our shares of Common Stock have experienced, and may continue to experience, extreme volatility, which could cause purchasers of our Common Stock to incur substantial losses. For example, during 2023 through February 21, 2024, as adjusted for the Reverse Stock Split, the market price of our Common Stock has fluctuated from an intra-day low of $3.59 per share on February 6, 2024 to an intra-day high on the NYSE of $85.30 on February 28, 2023. The last reported sale price of our Common Stock on the NYSE on February 21, 2024 was $4.57 per share. During 2023 through February 21, 2024, daily trading volume ranged from approximately 771,720 to 84,989,600 shares.

We believe that the volatility and our market prices have reflected and may continue to reflect market and trading dynamics unrelated to our underlying business, or macro or industry fundamentals, and we do not know how long these dynamics will last.

Extreme fluctuations in the market price of our Common Stock have been accompanied by reports of strong and atypical retail investor interest, including on social media and online forums. The market volatility and trading patterns we have experienced create several risks for investors, including the following:

• the market price of our Common Stock has experienced and may continue to experience rapid and substantial increases or decreases unrelated to our operating performance or prospects, or macro or industry fundamentals, and substantial increases may be significantly inconsistent with the risks and uncertainties that we continue to face;
• factors in the public trading market for our Common Stock may include the sentiment of retail investors (including as may be expressed on financial trading and other social media sites and online forums), the direct access by retail investors to broadly available trading platforms, the amount and status of short interest in our securities, access to margin debt, trading in options and other derivatives on our Common Stock and any related hedging and other trading factors;
• our market capitalization, as implied by various trading prices, currently reflects valuations that diverge significantly from those seen prior to recent volatility, and to the extent these valuations reflect trading dynamics unrelated to our financial performance or prospects, purchasers of our Common Stock could incur substantial losses if there are declines in market prices;
• to the extent volatility in our Common Stock is caused, or may from time to time be caused, as has widely been reported, by a “short squeeze” in which coordinated trading activity causes a spike in the market price of our Common Stock as traders with a short position make market purchases to avoid or to mitigate potential losses, investors purchase at inflated prices unrelated to our financial performance or prospects, and may thereafter suffer substantial losses as prices decline once the level of short-covering purchases has abated; and
• if the market price of our Common Stock declines, you may be unable to resell your shares of Common Stock at or above the price at which you acquired them. We cannot assure you that the equity issuance of our Common Stock will not fluctuate or decline significantly in the future, in which case you could incur substantial losses.

We may continue to incur rapid and substantial increases or decreases in the market price of our Common Stock in the foreseeable future that may not coincide in timing with the disclosure of news or developments by or affecting us. Accordingly, the market price of our shares of Common Stock may fluctuate dramatically and may decline rapidly, regardless of any developments in our business. Overall, there are various factors, many of which are beyond our control, that could negatively affect the market price of our Common Stock or result in fluctuations in the price or trading volume of our Common Stock, including:

• the impacts resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic;
• actual or anticipated variations in our annual or quarterly results of operations, including our earnings estimates and whether we meet market expectations with regard to our earnings;
• our current inability to pay dividends or other distributions;
• publication of research reports by analysts or others about us or the motion picture exhibition industry, which may be unfavorable, inaccurate, inconsistent or not disseminated on a regular basis;
• changes in market interest rates that may cause purchasers of our shares to demand a different yield;
• changes in market valuations of similar companies;
• market reaction to any additional equity, debt or other securities that we may issue in the future, and which may or may not dilute the holdings of our existing stockholders;
• additions or departures of key personnel;
• actions by institutional or significant stockholders;
• short interest in our securities and the market response to such short interest;
• dramatic increase or decrease in the number of individual holders of our Common Stock and their participation in social media platforms targeted at speculative investing;
• speculation in the press or investment community about our company or industry;
• strategic actions by us or our competitors, such as acquisitions or other investments;
• legislative, administrative, regulatory or other actions affecting our business, our industry, including positions taken by the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”);
• strategic actions taken by motion picture studios such as changes to the number of films to be released theatrically or the shuffling of film release dates;
• investigations, proceedings, or litigation that involve or affect us;
• the occurrence of any of the other risk factors included or incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K; and
• general market and economic conditions.

Negative sentiment among AMC’s retail stockholder base could have a material adverse impact on the market price of our Common Stock and your investment therein.

Some of our retail investors have referred to themselves as “Apes” on social media and in other forums. Self-proclaimed “Apes” are widely viewed as playing a significant role in the market dynamics that have resulted in substantial increases and volatility in the market prices of our Common Stock and other so-called “meme” stocks. While AMC and its management have actively sought to foster positive relationships with its significant retail stockholder base as the owners of AMC, and while AMC’s retail stockholder base has been credited favorably with assisting AMC in raising significant capital in the past, there is no guarantee that AMC will be able to continue to benefit from support from its retail stockholder base in the future. Negative investor sentiment could have a material adverse impact on the market price of our Common Stock.

Information available in public media that is published by third parties, including blogs, articles, online forums, message boards and social and other media may include statements not attributable to the Company and may not be reliable or accurate.

We have received, and may continue to receive, a high degree of media coverage that is published or otherwise disseminated by third parties, including blogs, articles, online forums, message boards and social and other media. This includes coverage that is not attributable to statements made by our directors, officers or employees. You should read carefully, evaluate and rely only on the information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed on September 29, 2023, the prospectus supplement filed November 9, 2023, the accompanying prospectus or any applicable free writing prospectus or incorporated documents filed with the SEC in determining whether to purchase our shares of Common Stock. Information provided by third parties may not be reliable or accurate and could materially impact the trading price of our Common Stock which could cause losses to your investments.

Future offerings of debt, which would be senior to our Common Stock upon liquidation, and/or other preferred equity securities, which may be senior to our Common Stock for purposes of distributions or upon liquidation, could adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock.

In the future, we may attempt to increase our capital resources by making additional offerings of debt or preferred equity securities, including convertible or non-convertible senior or subordinated notes, convertible or non-convertible preferred stock, medium-term notes and trust preferred securities, to raise cash or bolster our liquidity, to repay, refinance, redeem or repurchase indebtedness (including expenses, accrued interest and premium, if any), for working capital, to finance strategic initiatives and future acquisitions or for other purposes. Upon liquidation, holders of our debt securities and lenders with respect to other borrowings will receive distributions of our available assets prior to the holders of our Common Stock. In addition, any additional preferred stock we may issue could have a preference on liquidating distributions or a preference on distribution payments that could limit our ability to make a distribution to the holders of our Common Stock. Since our decision to issue securities in any future offering will depend on market conditions and other factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing or nature of our future offerings. Thus, our stockholders bear the risk of our future offerings potentially reducing the market price of our Common Stock.

Anti-takeover protections in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws may discourage or prevent a takeover of our Company, even if an acquisition would be beneficial to our stockholders.

Provisions contained in certificate of incorporation and bylaws, as amended, as well as provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”) delay or make it more difficult to remove incumbent directors or for a third-party to acquire us, even if a takeover would benefit our stockholders. These provisions include:

• a classified board of directors;
• the sole power of a majority of the board of directors to fix the number of directors;
• limitations on the removal of directors;
• the sole power of the board of directors to fill any vacancy on the board of directors, whether such vacancy occurs as a result of an increase in the number of directors or otherwise;
• the ability of our board of directors to designate one or more series of preferred stock and issue shares of preferred stock without stockholder approval; and
• the inability of stockholders to call special meetings.

Our issuance of shares of preferred stock could delay or prevent a change of control of our company. Our board of directors has the authority to cause us to issue, without any further vote or action by the stockholders, up to 50,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share, in one or more series, to designate the number of shares constituting any series, and to fix the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions thereof, including dividend rights, voting rights, rights and terms of redemption, redemption price or prices and liquidation preferences of such series. The issuance of shares of preferred stock may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of our company without further action by the stockholders, even where stockholders are offered a premium for their shares. As of February 21, 2024, 50,000,000 shares of preferred stock are authorized and available for issuance.

Our incorporation under Delaware law, the ability of our board of directors to create and issue a new series of preferred stock or a stockholder rights plan and certain other provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws, as amended, could impede a merger, takeover or other business combination involving our company or the replacement of our management or discourage a potential investor from making a tender offer for our Common Stock, which, under certain circumstances, could reduce the market value of our Common Stock.

An issuance of preferred stock could dilute the voting power of the Common Stockholders and adversely affect the market value of our Common Stock.

The issuance of shares of preferred stock with voting rights may adversely affect the voting power of the holders of our other classes of voting stock either by diluting the voting power of our other classes of voting stock if they vote together as a single class, or by giving the holders of any such preferred stock the right to block an action on which they have a separate class vote even if the action were approved by the holders of our other classes of voting stock.

In addition, the issuance of shares of preferred stock with dividend or conversion rights, liquidation preferences or other economic terms favorable to the holders of preferred stock could adversely affect the market price for our Common Stock by making an investment in the Common Stock less attractive. For example, investors may not wish to purchase Common Stock at a price above the conversion price of a series of convertible preferred stock because the holders of the preferred stock would effectively be entitled to purchase Common Stock at the lower conversion price causing economic dilution to the holders of Common Stock.

Increases in market interest rates may cause potential investors to seek higher returns and therefore reduce demand for our Common Stock, which could result in a decline in the market price of our Common Stock.

One of the factors that may influence the price of our Common Stock is the return on our Common Stock (i.e., the amount of distributions or price appreciation as a percentage of the price of our Common Stock) relative to market interest rates. An increase in market interest rates may lead prospective purchasers of our Common Stock to expect a return, which we may be unable or choose not to provide. Further, higher interest rates would likely increase our borrowing costs and potentially decrease the cash available for distribution. Thus, higher market interest rates could cause the market price of our Common Stock to decline.

Risk Management and Strategy

The Company recognizes the importance of developing, implementing, and maintaining cybersecurity measures to assess, identify, and manage material risks from cybersecurity (including cybersecurity threats associated with the use of third-party service providers), to safeguard our information systems, and to protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the data on our information systems.

Managing Material Risks & Integrated Overall Risk Management

The Company has strategically integrated cybersecurity risk management into our broader risk management framework. Management has formed cross-functional risk and information security committees (the “Security Committees”) to initiate, develop, review and implement cybersecurity policies, procedures and training to mitigate cybersecurity risks. Our information technology (“IT”) cybersecurity leadership team works closely with our Security Committees and internal audit team to evaluate and address cybersecurity risks in alignment with our business objectives and operational needs.

Risk Management Personnel

The Company’s senior IT leadership, comprised of the Chief Information Officers of both AMC and Odeon, and IT cybersecurity teams have the primary responsibility for assessing, monitoring, and managing, our cybersecurity programs. The Company’s senior IT leadership bring over fifty years of combined IT experience to their roles. Each member of the Company’s IT cybersecurity leadership team, comprised of the AMC Sr. Director Cybersecurity and Network, the AMC Director Cybersecurity, the Odeon Group Head of Cyber, Risk and Operations and the AMC VP IT Operations, brings 20+ years of IT experience. The Company regularly invests in training on these teams, and key leadership positions hold CISSP certifications. Our senior IT leadership and IT cybersecurity team, with input as appropriate from the Security Committees, oversee our governance programs, tests our compliance with standards, remediate known risks, and direct employee training.

Monitoring Cybersecurity Incidents

The Security Committees are continually informed about the latest developments in cybersecurity, including potential threats and risk management techniques. The Security Committees, and in particular senior IT leadership, IT cybersecurity and internal audit members serving on the Security Committees, implement and oversee processes for the regular monitoring of our information systems. The Company follows the NIST framework to design and implement security processes, tools and procedures, and regular system audits identify and lead to remediation of potential vulnerabilities. In the event of a cybersecurity incident, senior IT leadership and the Security Committees are equipped with a well-defined incident response plan. This plan includes immediate actions to mitigate the impact, internal and external communication plans, and notification requirements.

Engagement of Consultants for Risk Management Services

Recognizing the complexity and evolving nature of cybersecurity threats, the Company engages with a range of external experts to perform a variety of functions for the Company. These include, but are not limited to, cybermaturity audits, targeted ransomware assessment and table-top exercises, red and purple team attack simulations, internal penetration tests and other internal and external audits. These partnerships enable us to leverage specialized knowledge and insights into our cybersecurity strategies and processes.

Overseeing Third-Party Risk

Because we are aware of the risks associated with third-party service providers, the Company implements processes to oversee and manage these risks. The Company utilizes software products and services to monitor and protect the Company’s environment from possible third-party breaches impacting the Company’s environment. This approach is designed to mitigate risks related to data breaches or other security incidents originating from third-parties. Third-parties who have access to highly sensitive information due to services performed and data retained are subject to increased scrutiny.

Risks from Cybersecurity Threats

We have not experienced any cybersecurity incidents that we believe have materially affected, or are likely to materially affect, the Company.

Governance

Board of Directors and Audit Committee Oversight

Our board of directors (the “Board”) understands the critical nature of managing risks associated with cybersecurity threats. The Board has established robust oversight mechanisms to ensure effective governance in managing risks associated with cybersecurity threats.

The audit committee of the Board (the “Audit Committee”) is central to the Board’s oversight of cybersecurity risks and bears the primary responsibility for overseeing these risks. Senior IT leadership regularly informs the Audit Committee, the Chief Financial Officer and other members of the Company’s senior leadership of cybersecurity risks and incidents. This ensures that the highest levels of management are kept abreast of the cybersecurity posture and potential risks facing the Company.

Management’s Role Managing Risk

Senior IT leadership play a pivotal role in managing cybersecurity risk and keeping the Audit Committee apprised of cybersecurity developments. Senior IT leadership provide comprehensive briefings to the Audit Committee on a periodic basis. These briefings encompass a broad range of topics, including:

• current cybersecurity landscape and emerging threats;
• status of ongoing cybersecurity initiatives and strategies;
• learnings from any cybersecurity events; and
• compliance with regulatory requirements and industry standards.

In addition to our scheduled meetings, the Audit Committee and senior IT leadership maintain an ongoing dialogue regarding emerging or potential cybersecurity risks. The Company, at the direction of the Audit Committee, conducts periodic reviews of the Company’s cybersecurity posture and the effectiveness of its risk management strategies. These reviews help in identifying areas for improvement and ensuring the alignment of cybersecurity efforts with the overall risk management framework.

The following table sets forth the general character and ownership classification of our theatre circuit, excluding non-consolidated joint ventures and managed theatres, as of December 31, 2023:

We lease our corporate headquarters in Leawood, Kansas. We believe our facilities are currently adequate for our operations.

Please refer to Narrative Description of Business under Part I, Item 1 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the geographic locations of our Theatrical Exhibition circuit as of December 31, 2023. See Note 3—Leases in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements under Part II, Item 8 thereof.

The information required to be furnished by us under this Part I, Item 3 (Legal Proceedings) is incorporated by reference to the information contained in Note 11—Commitments and Contingencies to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 on this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The following discussion relates to the consolidated audited financial statements of AMC included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This discussion contains forward-looking statements. Please see “Forward-Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors” in Part I on this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a discussion of the risks, uncertainties and assumptions relating to these statements. See Note 1—The Company and Significant Accounting Policies in Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements under Part II, Item 8 thereof for information regarding the Company’s significant accounting policies.

Overview

AMC is the world’s largest theatrical exhibition company and an industry leader in innovation and operational excellence. As of December 31, 2023 we operated in 11 countries including the United States and throughout Europe.

Our theatrical exhibition revenues are generated primarily from box office admissions and food and beverage sales. The balance of our revenues is generated from ancillary sources, including on-screen advertising, fees earned from our customer loyalty programs, rental of theatre auditoriums, income from gift card and exchange ticket sales, theatrical distribution, retail popcorn sales, and online ticketing fees. As of December 31, 2023, we owned, operated or had interests in 898 theatres and 10,059 screens.

Significant Events—For the Year Ended December 31, 2023

AMC Distribution. During 2023 we, along with our sub-distribution partners, served as the theatrical distributor for two theatrical releases: TAYLOR SWIFT | THE ERAS TOUR and RENAISSANCE: A FILM BY BEYONCÉ. The distribution business is a new source of revenue that we have the potential to capitalize on in the future.

Lease Termination. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company received a $13.0 million buyout incentive from a landlord which provided the landlord the right to terminate the lease of one theatre. The incentive and termination gain resulted in a $16.7 million reduction to rent expense.

Saudi Cinema Company. On December 30, 2022, we entered into an agreement to sell our 10.0% investment in Saudi Cinema Company, LLC for SAR 112.5 million ($30.0 million), subject to certain closing conditions. On January 24, 2023, the Saudi Ministry of Commerce recorded a sale of equity and we received the proceeds on January 25, 2023. We recorded a gain on the sale of $15.5 million in investment income during the year ended December 31, 2023.

Debt Repurchases & Exchanges. The below table summarizes the cash debt repurchase transactions during the year ended December 31, 2023, including related party transactions with Antara, which was a related party from February 7, 2023 to August 25, 2023. These transactions were executed at terms equivalent to an arms-length transaction.

(In millions)

The below table summarizes various debt for equity exchange transactions that occurred during the year ended December 31, 2023. See Note 8—Corporate Borrowings and Finance Lease Liabilities, Note 9—Stockholders’ Deficit, and Note 16—Subsequent Events in Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements under Part II, Item 8 thereof for more information.

(In millions, except for share data)

Additional Share Issuances to Antara. On December 22, 2022, we entered into the Forward Purchase Agreement with Antara pursuant to which we agreed to (i) sell to Antara 10,659,511 AMC Preferred Equity Units for an aggregate purchase price of $75.1 million and (ii) simultaneously purchase from Antara $100.0 million aggregate principal amount of the Company’s 10%/12% Cash/PIK Toggle Second Lien Notes due 2026 in exchange for 9,102,619 AMC Preferred Equity Units. On February 7, 2023, we issued 19,762,130 AMC Preferred Equity Units to Antara in exchange for $75.1 million in cash and $100.0 million aggregate principal amount of our 10%/12% Cash/PIK Toggle Second Lien Notes due 2026. We recorded $193.7 million to stockholders’ deficit as a result of the transaction. We paid $1.4 million of accrued interest in cash upon exchange of the notes.

Share Issuances. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we entered into various equity distribution agreements with sales agents to sell shares of our Common Stock and AMC Preferred Equity Units, from time to time, through “at-the-market” offering programs that have been completed.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company raised gross proceeds of approximately $790.0 million and paid fees to sales agents and incurred other third-party issuance costs of approximately $19.8 million and $9.9 million, respectively, through its at-the-market offering of approximately 88.0 million shares of its Common Stock and 7.1 million of its AMC Preferred Equity Units. The Company paid $12.6 million of other third-party issuance costs during the year ended December 31, 2023. See Note 9—Stockholders’ Deficit for further information regarding the at-the-market offerings.

Special Awards. On February 23, 2023, AMC’s Board of Directors approved special awards in lieu of vesting of the 2022 PSU awards. The special awards were accounted for as a modification to the 2022 PSU awards which lowered the Adjusted EBITDA and free cash flow performance targets such that 200% vesting was achieved for both tranches. This modification resulted in the immediate additional vesting of 238,959 Common Stock 2022 PSUs and 238,959 AMC Preferred Equity Unit 2022 PSUs. This was treated as a Type 3 modification (improbable-to-probable) which requires us to recognize additional stock compensation expense based on the modification date fair values of the Common Stock PSUs and AMC Preferred Equity Units PSUs of $14.9 million and $5.3 million, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we recognized $20.2 million of additional stock compensation expense related to these awards.

NCM Bankruptcy. On April 11, 2023, National CineMedia, LLC (“NCM”) filed a petition under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code in the Southern District of Texas. NCM is the in-theatre advertising provider for the majority of our theatres in the United States. Under the Chapter 11 Plan (the “Plan”), NCM has assumed its agreements with us. As part of the Plan, on August 7, 2023, NCM issued 16,581,829 common units that were owed to AMC as part of the annual common unit adjustment. But under the terms of the Plan and the restructuring of the equity of NCM thereunder, the NCM common units were immediately cancelled upon the efficacy of the Plan. We have filed appeals with the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas, objecting to, among other things, certain terms of the Plan, including modification of the terms of the exhibitor services agreement with other parties that were not granted to us and appeal of the court’s order to approve cancellation of the NCM common unit issuance. We do not expect the NCM bankruptcy to have a material impact on the Company.

Shareholder Litigation. Two putative stockholder class actions were filed in the Delaware Chancery Court that assert a breach of fiduciary duty against certain of our directors and a claim for breach of 8 Del. C. § 242 against those directors and us, arising out of our creation of AMC Preferred Equity Units, the transactions between Antara and us that we announced on December 22, 2022, and the Charter Amendments.

This litigation prevented us from immediately implementing the Charter Amendments. On April 2, 2023, the parties entered into a binding settlement term sheet to settle the litigation and allow implementation of the Charter Amendments. On August 11, 2023, the Delaware Chancery Court approved the settlement and on Monday, August 21, 2023, the Delaware Supreme Court confirmed the ruling of the Chancery Court. Pursuant to the settlement term sheet, record holders of Common Stock at the close of business on August 24, 2023, after giving effect to the Reverse Stock Split, but prior to the conversion of AMC Preferred Equity Units into Common Stock, received a payment of one share of Common Stock for every 7.5 shares of Common Stock owned by the Settlement Payment Recipients. On August 28, 2023, the Company made the Settlement Payment and issued 6,897,018 shares of Common Stock. See Note 11—Commitments and Contingencies in the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements under Item 8 of Part II of this Form 10-K for further information regarding the litigation and settlement. For capitalized terms used herein but not defined see Note 9—Stockholders’ Deficit in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements under Part II, Item 8 thereof.

Significant Events—For the Year Ended December 31, 2022

Share Issuances. On September 26, 2022, we entered into an equity distribution agreement (the “Equity Distribution Agreement”) with Citigroup Global Markets Inc. as a sales agent (“Sales Agent”), to sell up to 42.5 million shares, as adjusted for the Reverse Stock Split, of our AMC Preferred Equity Units, from time to time, through an “at-the-market” offering program. We raised gross proceeds of approximately $228.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2022, through our at-the-market offering of approximately 20.8 million shares, as adjusted for the Reverse Stock Split, of our AMC Preferred Equity Units and paid fees to the Sales Agent and incurred other third-party issuance costs of approximately $5.7 million and $5.5 million, respectively.

AMC Preferred Equity Units. On August 4, 2022, we announced that the Board of Directors declared a special dividend of one AMC Preferred Equity Unit for each share of Class A common stock outstanding at the close of business on August 15, 2022, the record date. The dividend was paid at the close of business on August 19, 2022 to investors who held Class A common stock as of August 22, 2022, the ex-dividend date. Each AMC Preferred Equity Unit was a depositary share and represents an interest in a share of Series A Convertible Participating Preferred Stock evidenced by a depositary receipt pursuant to a deposit agreement. Each AMC Preferred Equity Unit was designed to have the same economic and voting rights as a share of Common Stock. Trading of the AMC Preferred Equity Units on the NYSE began on August 22, 2022 under the ticker symbol “APE” and ceased on August 25, 2023.

Investment in Hycroft. On March 14, 2022, we purchased 2.3 million units of Hycroft Mining Holding Corporation (NASDAQ: HYMC) (“Hycroft”) for $27.9 million, with each unit consisting of one common share of Hycroft and one common share purchase warrant. The units were priced at $11.93 per unit. The preceding amounts have been adjusted for the one-for-ten reverse stock split Hycroft effectuated on November 15, 2023.

Each warrant we hold is exercisable for one common share of Hycroft at a price of $10.680 per share over a 5-year term through March 2027. We account for the common shares of Hycroft under the equity method and we have elected the fair value option in accordance with ASC 825-10. We account for the warrants as derivatives in accordance with ASC 815. Accordingly, the fair value of the investments in Hycroft are remeasured at each subsequent reporting period and unrealized gains and losses are reported in investment expense (income). During the years ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company recorded unrealized losses related to the investment in Hycroft of $12.6 million and $6.3 million, respectively, in investment expense (income), respectively. See Note 12—Fair Value Measurements in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements under Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K for further information.

First Lien Senior Secured Notes due 2029. On February 14, 2022, we issued $950.0 million aggregate principal amount of our 7.5% First Lien Senior Secured Notes due 2029 (“First Lien Notes due 2029”). We used the net proceeds from the sale of the notes, and cash on hand, to fund the full redemption of the $500 million aggregate principal amount of the First Lien Notes due 2025, the $300 million aggregate principal amount of the First Lien Notes due 2026, and $73.5 million aggregate principal amount of the First Lien Toggle notes due 2026 and to pay related accrued interest, fees, costs, premiums and expenses. We recorded a loss on debt extinguishment related to this transaction of $135.0 million in other expense in 2022.

Odeon Debt Refinancing. The Odeon Term Loan Facility was set to mature on August 19, 2023. On October 20, 2022, Odeon Finco PLC, a direct subsidiary of Odeon Cinemas Group Limited (“OCGL”) and an indirect subsidiary of the Company issued $400.0 million aggregate principal amount of its 12.75% Odeon Senior Secured Notes due 2027 (“Odeon Notes due 2027”), at an issue price of 92.00%. The Odeon Notes due 2027 bear a cash interest rate of 12.75% per annum and will be payable semi-annually in arrears on May 1 and November 1, beginning on May 1, 2023. The Odeon Notes due 2027 are guaranteed on a senior secured basis by certain subsidiaries of Odeon and by Holdings on a standalone and unsecured basis. The Odeon Notes due 2027 contain covenants that limit Odeon and certain subsidiaries’ ability to, among other things: (i) incur additional indebtedness or guarantee indebtedness; (ii) create liens; (iii) declare or pay dividends, redeem stock or make other distributions to stockholders; (iv) make investments; (v) enter into transaction with affiliates; (vi) consolidate, merge, sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of their respective assets; and (vii) impair the security interest in the collateral. These covenants are subject to a number of important limitations and exceptions. We used the $363.0 million net proceeds from the Odeon Notes due 2027 and $146.7 million of existing cash to fund the payment in full of the £147.6 million ($167.7) million and €312.2 million ($308.9) million aggregate principal amounts of the Odeon Term Loan Facility and to pay related accrued interest, fees, costs, premiums and expenses. We recorded a loss on debt extinguishment related to this transaction of $36.5 million in other expense in 2022.

Significant Events—For the Year Ended December 31, 2021

For a discussion of significant events for the year ended December 31, 2021, see “Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 1, 2022, which is incorporated herein by reference.

Selected Financial Data

(In millions, except operating data)

44

(In millions, except operating data)

(1) During the year ended December 31, 2023, expenses were primarily related to legal and professional costs related to strategic contingent planning. During the year ended December 31, 2022, expenses were primarily related to legal and professional costs related to strategic contingent planning. During the year ended December 31, 2021, expenses were primarily due to bonus expense and stock-based compensation expense. During the year ended December 31, 2020, expenses were primarily due to legal and professional costs related to strategic contingent planning. During the year ended December 31, 2019, expenses were primarily due to organizational design including one-time severance and outplacement costs of $9.8 million and acquisitions and divestitures including entity simplification costs of $4.0 million.

(2) During the year ended December 31, 2023, we recorded non-cash impairment charges related to our long-lived assets of $49.2 million on 68 theatres in the U.S. markets with 738 screens which were related to property, net, and operating lease right-of-use assets, net and $57.7 million on 57 theatres in the International markets with 488 screens which were related to property, net and operating lease right-of-use assets, net. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we recorded non-cash impairment charges related to our long-lived assets of $73.4 million on 68 theatres in the U.S. markets with 817 screens which were related to property, net, and operating lease right-of-use assets, net and $59.7 million on 53 theatres in the International markets with 456 screens which were related to property, net and operating lease right-of-use assets, net. During the year ended December 31, 2021, we recorded non-cash impairment charges related to our long-lived assets of $61.3 million on 77 theatres in the U.S. markets with 805 screens which were related to property, net, operating lease right-of-use assets, net and other long-term assets and $15.9 million on 14 theatres in the International markets with 118 screens which were related to property, net and operating lease right-of-use assets, net. During the year ended December 31, 2020, we recorded goodwill non-cash impairment of $1,276.1 million and $1,030.3 million related to the enterprise fair values of the Domestic Theatres and International Theatres reporting units, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2020, we recorded non-cash impairment charges related to our long-lived assets of $152.5 million on 101 theatres in the U.S. markets with 1,139 screens and $25.4 million on 37 theatres in the International markets with 340 screens and recorded impairment charges related to indefinite-lived intangible assets of $12.5 million and $2.7 million related to the Odeon and Nordic trade names, respectively, in the International markets. We also recorded non-cash impairment charges of $14.4 million for our definite-lived intangible assets in the Domestic Theatres reporting unit during the year ended December 31, 2020. During the year ended December 31, 2019, we recorded non-cash impairment of long-lived assets of $84.3 million on 40 theatres in the U.S. markets with 512 screens, 14 theatres in the International markets with 148 screens, and a U.S. property held and not used.

(3) Other (income) for the year ended December 31, 2023, was primarily due to gains on debt extinguishment of $(142.8) and foreign currency transaction gains of $(17.8) million, partially offset by litigation charges of $110.2 million. Other expense for the year ended December 31, 2022, was primarily due to a loss on extinguishment of debt of $135.0 million related to the full redemption of the $500 million aggregate principal amount of the First Lien Notes due 2025, the $300 million aggregate principal amount of the First Lien Notes due 2026, and the $73.5 million aggregate principal amount of the First Lien Toggle Notes due 2026 and a loss on extinguishment of debt of $36.5 million related to the full redemption of the £147.6 million and €312.2 million ($476.6 million) aggregate principal amount of the Odeon Term Loan Facility, partially offset by a gain on extinguishment of debt of $(75.0) million related to the redemption of $118.3 million of aggregate principal amount of the Second Lien Notes due 2026, a gain on extinguishment of debt of $(3.7) million related to the redemption of $5.3 million aggregate principal amount of Senior Subordinated Notes due 2027, $(25.8) million in government assistance related to COVID-19 and $(12.3) million in foreign currency transaction gains. Other income for the year ended December 31, 2021 was primarily due to $87.1 million in government assistance related to COVID-19. Other expense (income) for the year ended December 31, 2020 included a loss of $109.0 million related to the fair value adjustments of the derivative liability and derivative asset for our Convertible Notes, financing fees related to the Exchange Offer of $39.3 million, and credit losses related to contingent lease guarantees of $15.0 million, partially offset by a gain on extinguishment of the Second Lien Notes due 2026 of $93.6 million and financing related foreign currency transaction losses. Other expense of $13.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2019 was primarily due to $16.6 million of expense related to the repayment of indebtedness, foreign currency transaction losses of $1.5 million, non-operating net periodic benefit cost of $1.2 million, and the decrease in fair value of our derivative asset for the contingent call option related to the Class B common stock purchase and cancellation agreement of $17.7 million, partially offset by decrease in fair value of our derivative liability for the embedded conversion feature in our convertible notes of $23.5 million.

(4) Non-cash NCM exhibitor services agreement includes a significant financing component due to the significant length of time between receiving the non-cash consideration and fulfilling the performance obligation. We received the non-cash consideration in the form of common membership units from NCM, in exchange for rights to exclusive access to our theatre screens and attendees through February 2037.

(5) Equity in (earnings) of non-consolidated entities was primarily due to equity in earnings from AC JV, LLC (“AC JV”) of $4.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. Equity in (earnings) loss of non-consolidated entities was primarily due to equity in loss from Saudi Cinema Company, LLC, partially offset by equity in earnings from DCIP and AC JV for the year ended December 31, 2022. Equity in (earnings) loss of non-consolidated entities was primarily due to equity in earnings from DCIP for the year ended December 31, 2021. Equity in (earnings) loss of non-consolidated entities includes impairment losses in the International markets related to equity method investments of $8.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2020.

(6) Investment (income) during the year ended December 31, 2023 includes a $(15.5) million gain on sale of our investment in Saudi Cinema Company LLC and interest income of $(15.3) million, partially offset by a decline in estimated fair value of investment in common shares of Hycroft of $6.6 million, a decline in the estimated fair value of our investment in warrants to purchase common shares of Hycroft of $6.0 million, $1.8 million of expense for NCM Common Units, $1.0 million impairment of a cost method investment. Investment expense during the year ended December 31, 2022 includes a decline in estimated fair value of investment in common shares of Hycroft Mining Holding Corporation of $12.5 million partially offset by $(6.2) million of appreciation in estimated fair value of our investment in warrants to purchase common shares of Hycroft Mining Holding Corporation, a $13.5 million loss on sale of our investment in NCM common units offset by interest income of $(5.9) million. Investment income during the year ended December 31, 2021 includes a gain on sale of the Baltics theatres of $5.5 million. Investment expense (income) during the year ended December 31, 2020 includes impairment losses of $15.9 million related to equity interest investments without a readily determinable fair value accounted for under the cost method in the U.S. markets. Investment expense (income) during the year ended December 31, 2019 includes a gain on the sale of our Austria theatres of $12.9 million and a loss on impairment of an investment of $3.6 million.

(7) During the year ended December 31, 2023, income tax expense was primarily related to changes in domestic indefinite-lived deferred liabilities, state taxes, and taxes in Finland and Germany. During the year ended December 31, 2022, income tax expense was primarily related to changes in domestic indefinite-lived deferred liabilities and taxes in Finland. During the year ended December 31, 2020, income tax expense was primarily due to the recording of international valuation allowances against deferred tax assets held in Spain of $40.1 million and Germany of $33.1 million, partially offset by income tax benefit from net losses incurred in International markets. During the year ended December 31, 2019, an international valuation allowance previously established against deferred tax assets held in Spain was released in the fourth quarter of 2019 resulting in a $41.5 million benefit to income tax expense. We estimate that we will have no liability for deemed repatriation of foreign earnings.

(8) Includes consolidated theatres only.

Critical Accounting Estimates

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. In connection with the preparation of our financial statements, we are required to make assumptions and estimates about future events and apply judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses and the related disclosures. We base our assumptions, estimates, and judgments on historical experience, current trends and other factors that management believes to be relevant at the time our consolidated financial statements are prepared. On a regular basis, we review the accounting policies, assumptions, estimates, and judgments to ensure that our financial statements are presented fairly and in accordance with U.S. GAAP. However, because future events and their effects cannot be determined with certainty, actual results could differ from our assumptions and estimates, and such differences could be material. We have identified several policies as being critical because they require management to make particularly difficult, subjective and complex judgments about matters that are inherently uncertain, and there is a likelihood that materially different amounts would be reported under different conditions or using different assumptions.

All of our significant accounting policies are discussed in Note 1—The Company and Significant Accounting Policies in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements under Part II, Item 8 thereof.

Long-lived Assets Impairments. We review long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable.

Critical estimates. There are many estimates and significant judgments that are made by management in performing impairment evaluations of long-lived assets, including but not limited to, estimates of future attendance, revenues, operating costs and expenses, capital expenditures, the cost of capital. These estimates determine whether impairments have been incurred and quantify the amount of any related impairment charge.

Assumptions and judgment. Our valuation methodology for assessing impairment requires management to make judgments and assumptions based on historical experience and projections of future cash flows. Our projections assume that operating revenues will continue to gradually improve to the point of approaching pre-COVID-19 levels. This assumption, together with other assumptions, create considerable amount of management judgment with respect to cash flow estimates and appropriate discount rates to be used in determining the fair value of long-lived assets.

Impact if actual results differ from assumptions. Although we believe that our estimates and judgments are reasonable, actual results may differ from these estimates, many of which fall under Level 3 within the fair value measurement hierarchy. Factors that could lead to impairment of long-lived assets include adverse industry or economic trends that would result in declines in the operating performance of our Domestic and International Theatres. Examples of adverse events or circumstances that could change include (i) limited availability of new theatrical releases; (ii) an adverse change in macroeconomic conditions; (iii) increased cost factors that have a negative effect on our earnings and cash flows and higher interest rates; and (iv) negative or overall declining financial performance compared with our actual and projected results of relevant prior periods.

If we are required to record an impairment charge it may substantially reduce the carrying value of our assets and reduce our income in the year in which it is recorded. Given the nature of our business and our recent history, business conditions that are constantly changing, and the competitive business environment in which we operate future material impairments are possible and they may be material.

Our Current Long-lived Asset Impairment related Estimates and Changes in those Estimates. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we recorded non-cash impairment charges related to our long-lived assets of $49.2 million on 68 theatres in the U.S. markets with 738 screens which were related to property, net and operating lease right-of-use assets, net and $57.7 million on 57 theatres in the International markets with 488 screens which were related to property, net and operating lease right-of-use assets, net.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, we recorded non-cash impairment charges related to our long-lived assets of $73.4 million on 68 theatres in the U.S. markets with 817 screens which were related to property, net and operating lease right-of-use assets, net and $59.7 million on 53 theatres in the International markets with 456 screens which were related to property, net and operating lease right-of-use assets, net.

During the year ended December 31, 2021, we recorded non-cash impairment charges related to our long-lived assets of $61.3 million on 77 theatres in the U.S. markets with 805 screens which were related to property, net, operating lease right-of-use assets, net and other long-term assets and $15.9 million on 14 theatres in the International Markets with 118 screens which were related to property, net and operating lease right-of-use assets, net.

At December 31, 2023, related cash flows were discounted at 9.0% for the Domestic Theatres and 11.0% for the International Theatres. At December 31, 2022, related cash flows were discounted at 10.0% for Domestic Theatres and 12.5% for International Theatres. At December 31, 2021, related cash flows were discounted at 10.0% for Domestic Theatres and 11.5% for International Theatres.

Goodwill. We evaluate the goodwill recorded at our two reporting units (Domestic Theatres and International Theatres) for impairment annually as of the beginning of the fourth fiscal quarter or more frequently as specific events or circumstances dictate. Impairment is the condition that exists when the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds its implied fair value. If the estimated fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value, the difference is recorded as a goodwill impairment charge, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. Entities are allowed to perform optional qualitative assessments for both reporting units to determine whether it is more likely than not that goodwill is impaired.

Critical estimates. Calculating the fair value of our Domestic Theatres and International Theatres reporting units by use of the income approach for enterprise valuation methodology which utilizes estimated future discounted cash flows. The income approach provides an estimate of fair value by measuring estimated annual cash flows over a discrete projection period and applying a present value discount rate to the cash flows. The present value of the cash flows is then added to the present value equivalent of the residual value of the business to arrive at an estimated fair value of the reporting unit. The residual value represents the present value of the projected cash flows beyond the discrete projection period. The discount rates are determined using weighted average cost of capital for the risk of achieving the projected cash flows.

We have elected to perform the optional qualitative assessment during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021. Inherent in the qualitative assessment are estimates and assumptions about our consideration of events and circumstances that may indicate a potential impairment. Such estimates and assumptions include, but are not limited to, industry and market conditions, expected cost pressures, expected financial performance, and general macroeconomic conditions. Additionally, the estimated fair value of our debt and equity at the consolidated level may be a relevant factor in determining whether it is more likely than not that goodwill is impaired.

Assumptions and judgment. Estimating the impact of the general macroeconomic conditions, potential cost pressures, and future industry and market conditions requires significant judgement. We must make assumptions around how much weight should be given to each event and circumstance in order to make an overall qualitative assessment on whether it is more likely than not that goodwill is impaired. The estimated fair value of our debt is based on observable market based inputs and the estimated fair value of our equity is based on quoted prices in active markets.

Impact if actual results differ from assumptions. If we were required to record an impairment charge to our goodwill it may substantially reduce the carrying value of goodwill on our balance sheet and reduce our income in the year in which it is recorded. Given the nature of our business and our recent history, business conditions that are constantly changing, and the competitive business environment in which we operate future material impairments are possible and they may be material.

Our Current Goodwill Estimates and Changes in those Estimates. Based on our qualitative assessments for the years ended December 31, 2023, December 31, 2022, and December 31, 2021, we do not believe it is more likely than not that goodwill is impaired.

Income and operating taxes. Income and operating taxes are inherently difficult to estimate and record. This is due to the complex nature of the U.S. and International tax codes and also because our returns are routinely subject to examination by government tax authorities, including federal, state and local officials. Most of these examinations take place a few years after we have filed our tax returns. Our tax audits in many instances raise questions regarding our tax filing positions, the timing and amount of deductions claimed and the allocation of income among various tax jurisdictions.

Critical estimates. In calculating our effective income tax rate and other taxes applicable to our operations, we make judgments regarding certain tax positions, including the timing and amount of deductions and allocations of income among various tax jurisdictions with disparate tax laws.

Assumptions and judgment. We have various tax filing positions with regard to the timing and amount of deductions and credits and the allocation of income among various tax jurisdictions, based on our interpretation of local tax laws. We also inventory, evaluate and measure all uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken on tax returns and record liabilities for the amount of such positions that may not be sustained, or may only be partially sustained, upon examination by the relevant taxing authorities.

Impact if actual results differ from assumptions. Although we believe that our estimates and judgments are reasonable, actual results may differ from these estimates. Some or all of these judgments are subject to review by the taxing authorities. If one or more of the taxing authorities were to successfully challenge our right to realize some or all of the tax benefit we have recorded, and we were unable to realize this benefit, it could have a material adverse effect on our financial results and cash flows.

Our Current Tax Estimates and Changes in those Estimates. At December 31, 2023, our federal income tax loss carryforwards were approximately $1,711.9 million, our state income tax loss carryforwards were approximately $2,463.3 million, and our foreign income tax loss carryforwards were approximately $949.0 million. Since these losses have varying degrees of carryforward periods, it requires us to estimate the amount of carryforward losses that we can reasonably be expected to realize. Future changes in conditions and in the tax code may change these strategies and thus change the amount of carry forward losses that we expect to realize and the amount of valuation allowances we have recorded. As of December 31, 2023, we had a total valuation allowance of $1,641.3 million related to the above loss carryforward and other future tax benefits for which realization is not likely to occur. Accordingly, future reported results could be materially impacted by changes in tax matters, positions, rules and estimates and these changes could be material. See Note 10—Income Taxes in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements under Part II, Item 8 thereof, for further information.

With the exception of Finland, all other international jurisdictions carried valuation allowances against their deferred tax assets at the end of 2023.

Operating Results

The following table sets forth our consolidated revenues, operating costs and expenses attributable to our theatrical exhibition operations and segment operating results. Reference is made to Note 13—Operating Segments in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements under Part II, Item 8 thereof, for additional information therein:

(In millions)

* Percentage change in excess of 100%.

(1) Includes consolidated theatres only and excludes screens offline due to construction.

Adjusted EBITDA

We present Adjusted EBITDA as a supplemental measure of our performance. We define Adjusted EBITDA as net earnings (loss) plus (i) income tax provision (benefit), (ii) interest expense and (iii) depreciation and amortization, as further adjusted to eliminate the impact of certain items that we do not consider indicative of our ongoing operating performance and to include attributable EBITDA from equity investments in theatre operations in International markets and any cash distributions of earnings from other equity method investees. These further adjustments are itemized below. You are encouraged to evaluate these adjustments and the reasons we consider them appropriate for supplemental analysis. In evaluating Adjusted EBITDA, you should be aware that in the future we may incur expenses that are the same as or similar to some of the adjustments in this presentation. Our presentation of Adjusted EBITDA should not be construed as an inference that our future results will be unaffected by unusual or non-recurring items. The preceding definition of and adjustments made to GAAP measures to determine Adjusted EBITDA are broadly consistent with Adjusted EBITDA as defined in the Company’s debt indentures.

Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure commonly used in our industry and should not be construed as an alternative to net earnings (loss) as an indicator of operating performance (as determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP). Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. We have included Adjusted EBITDA because we believe it provides management and investors with additional information to measure our performance and estimate our value.

Adjusted EBITDA has important limitations as an analytical tool, and you should not consider it in isolation, or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under U.S. GAAP. For example, Adjusted EBITDA:

• does not reflect our capital expenditures, future requirements for capital expenditures or contractual commitments;
• does not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs;
• does not reflect the significant interest expenses, or the cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payments, on our debt;
• excludes income tax payments that represent a reduction in cash available to us; and
• does not reflect any cash requirements for the assets being depreciated and amortized that may have to be replaced in the future.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, Adjusted EBITDA in the U.S. markets was $370.2 million compared to $59.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2022. The year-over-year improvement was primarily driven by an increase in attendance as a result of the popularity of new film releases, increases in food and beverage sales per patron, increases in average ticket price, increases in other revenues, and decreases in rent expense. These improvements were partially offset by increases in operating expenses and general and administrative expenses.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, Adjusted EBITDA in the International markets was $55.6 million compared to $(13.0) million during the year ended December 31, 2022. The year-over-year improvement was primarily driven by an increase in attendance as a result of the popularity of new film releases, increases in average ticket price, increases in food and beverage sales per patron. These improvements were partially offset by a decline in gift card and package ticket expirations and theatre rentals for meetings, decreases in government assistance, and increases in rent, operating expenses and general and administrative expenses. During the year ended December 31, 2023, Adjusted EBITDA in the U.S. markets and International markets was $425.8 million compared to $46.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2022, driven by the aforementioned factors impacting Adjusted EBITDA.

The following tables set forth our Adjusted EBITDA by reportable operating segment and our reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA:

(In millions)

(1) For information regarding the income tax provision (benefit), see Note 10—Income Taxes in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements under Part II, Item 8 thereof.

(2) During the year ended December 31, 2023, we recorded non-cash impairment charges related to our long-lived assets of $49.2 million on 68 theatres in the U.S. markets with 738 screens which were related to property, net and operating lease right-of-use assets, net and $57.7 million on 57 theatres in the International markets with 488 screens which were related to property, net and operating lease right-of-use assets, net.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, we recorded non-cash impairment charges related to our long-lived assets of $73.4 million on 68 theatres in the U.S. markets with 817 screens which were related to property, net and operating lease right-of-use assets, net and $59.7 million on 53 theatres in the International markets with 456 screens which were related to property, net and operating lease right-of-use assets, net.

(3) Amounts represent preopening expense related to temporarily closed screens under renovation, theatre and other closure expense for the permanent closure of screens including the related accretion of interest, non-cash deferred digital equipment rent expense, and disposition of assets and other non-operating gains or losses included in operating expenses. We have excluded these items as they are non-cash in nature or are non-operating in nature.

(4) Equity in (earnings) loss of non-consolidated entities primarily consisted of equity in earnings from AC JV of $4.9 million during the year ended December 31, 2023. During the year ended December 31, 2022, equity in (earnings) loss of non-consolidated entities primarily consisted of equity in loss from Saudi Cinema Company, LLC of $7.6 million, partially offset by equity in (earnings) in DCIP of $3.4 million.

(5) Includes U.S. non-theatre distributions from equity method investments and International non-theatre distributions from equity method investments to the extent received. We believe including cash distributions is an appropriate reflection of the contribution of these investments to our operations.

(6) Attributable EBITDA includes the EBITDA from equity investments in theatre operators in certain International markets. See below for a reconciliation of our equity in (earnings) loss of non-consolidated entities to attributable EBITDA. Because these equity investments are in theatre operators in regions where we hold a significant market share, we believe attributable EBITDA is more indicative of the performance of these equity investments and management uses this measure to monitor and evaluate these equity investments. We also provide services to these theatre operators including information technology systems, certain on-screen advertising services and our gift card and package ticket program.

(In millions)

(7) Other expense (income) during the year ended December 31, 2023, primarily consisted of gains on debt extinguishment of $(142.8) million and foreign currency transaction gains of $(17.8) million, partially offset by non-cash litigation charge of $99.3 million.

Other expense (income) for the year ended December 31, 2022, primarily consisted of a loss on debt extinguishment of $92.8 million, partially offset by income related to the foreign currency transaction gains of $(12.3) million and contingent lease guarantees of $(0.2) million.

(8) Reflects amortization of certain intangible assets reclassified from depreciation and amortization to rent expense, due to the adoption of ASC 842, Leases and deferred rent benefit related to the impairment of right-of-use operating lease assets.

(9) Merger, acquisition and other costs are excluded as they are non-operating in nature.

(10) Non-cash expense included in general and administrative: other.

Segment Information

Our historical results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 reflect the results of operations for our two Theatrical Exhibition reportable segments, U.S. markets and International markets.

Results of Operations—For the Year Ended December 31, 2023, Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2022

Consolidated Results of Operations

Revenues. Total revenues increased $901.2 million, or 23.0%, during the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. Admissions revenues increased $489.1 million, or 22.2%, during the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to the year ended December 31, 2022, primarily due to an increase in attendance of 19.2% from 201.0 million patrons to 239.5 million patrons and a 2.6% increase in average ticket price. The increase in attendance was primarily due to the popularity of film product compared to the prior year. The increase in average ticket price was primarily due to higher ticket prices for TAYLOR SWIFT | THE ERAS TOUR and RENAISSANCE: A FILM BY BEYONCÉ and increased attendance for 3D content, partially offset by higher frequency of use by subscribers to A-List.

Food and beverage revenues increased $356.1 million, or 27.1%, during the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to the year ended December 31, 2022, primarily due to the increase in attendance and an increase in food and beverage per patron. Food and beverage per patron increased 6.6% from $6.54 to $6.97 due primarily to an increase in average prices, the percentage of guests making transactions, and the lifting of COVID-19 restrictions on the sale of food and beverage in certain international markets, partially offset by lower units purchased per transaction and higher frequency from our Stubs loyalty members.

Total other theatre revenues increased $56.0 million, or 14.1%, during the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to the year ended December 31, 2022, primarily due to higher ticket fees due to the increase in the number of tickets purchased online, increases in distribution revenues from TAYLOR SWIFT | THE ERAS TOUR and RENAISSANCE: A FILM BY BEYONCÉ, and increases in advertising and retail sales, partially offset by lower income from gift cards and package tickets and lower income from theatre meetings.

Operating costs and expenses. Operating costs and expenses increased $453.2 million, or 10.2%, during the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to the year ended December 31, 2022 primarily due to increases in film exhibition and food and beverage costs. Film exhibition costs increased $239.4 million, or 22.8%, during the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to the year ended December 31, 2022, primarily due to the increase in attendance. As a percentage of admissions revenues, film exhibition costs were 48.0% for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to 47.8% for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Food and beverage costs increased $86.7 million, or 37.9%, during the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase in food and beverage costs was primarily due to the increase in food and beverage revenues and increases in product costs and obsolescence. As a percentage of food and beverage revenues, food and beverage costs were 18.9% for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to 17.4% for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Operating expense increased by $163.1 million, or 10.7%, during the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase in operating expense was primarily due to an increase in attendance and film distribution costs. As a percentage of revenues, operating expense was 35.1% for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to 39.1% for the year ended December 31, 2022. Rent expense decreased 1.4%, or $12.7 million, during the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to the year ended December 31, 2022, due primarily to the early termination of one theatre lease for a benefit of $16.7 million, which included an early termination payment from the landlord for $13.0 million. See Note 3—Leases in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements under Part II Item 8 thereof for further information on the impact of COVID-19 on leases and rent obligations of approximately $56.3 million that have been deferred to future years as of December 31, 2023.​

Merger, acquisition, and other costs. Merger, acquisition, and other costs were $1.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $2.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2022.

Other. Other general and administrative expense increased $34.3 million, or 16.5%, during the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to the year ended December 31, 2022 due primarily to stock-based compensation expense of $20.2 million related to a February 23, 2023 special award grant accounted for as a modification to the 2022 PSU awards which lowered the Adjusted EBITDA and free cash flow performance targets such that 200% vesting was achieved for both tranches and increased payroll, legal, professional and consulting and computer maintenance costs. The modification resulted in the immediate additional vesting of 238,959 Common Stock PSUs and 238,959 Preferred Equity Unit PSUs. The modification was treated as a Type 3 modification (improbable to probable) which required us to recognize additional stock compensation expense based on the modification date fair values of the Common Stock PSUs and AMC Preferred Equity Unit PSUs of $62.30 per unit and $22.20 per unit, respectively, during the year ended December 31, 2023. See Note 9—Stockholders’ Deficit in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements under Part II Item 8 thereof for additional information about stock-based compensation expense.

Depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization decreased $31.0 million, or 7.8%, during the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to the year ended December 31, 2022, primarily due to lower depreciation expense on theatres impaired during the year ended December 31, 2022, partially offset by accelerated depreciation related to the replacement of digital projectors and permanently closed theatres.

Impairment of long-lived assets. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we recognized non-cash impairment losses of $49.2 million on 68 theatres in the U.S. markets with 738 screens (in Alabama, Colorado, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, North Carolina, New York, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin and West Virginia) which were related to property, net and operating lease right-of-use assets, net and $57.7 million on 57 theatres in the International markets with 488 screens (in Germany, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and the UK), which were related to property, net and operating lease right-of-use assets, net.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, we recognized non-cash impairment losses of $73.4 million on 68 theatres in the U.S. markets with 817 screens (in Alabama, Arkansas, Arizona, California, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, North Carolina, North Dakota, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, West Virginia, and Wisconsin) which were related to property, net and operating lease right-of-use assets, net and $59.7 million on 53 theatres in the International markets with 456 screens (in Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden, and the UK), which were related to property, net and operating lease right-of-use assets, net.

Other expense (income). Other income of $(69.1) million during the year ended December 31, 2023 was primarily due to a gain on extinguishment of debt of $140.5 million related to the redemption of $320.9 million aggregate principal amount of the Second Lien Notes due 2026, a gain on extinguishment of debt of $2.3 million related to the redemption of $4.1 million aggregate principal amount of our Senior Subordinated Notes due 2026, a receipt of $14.0 million in settlement of the Lao Action and $17.8 million in foreign currency transaction gains, and partially offset by, $110.2 million of expense related to the settlement of the Shareholder Litigation (as defined in Note 9—Stockholders’ Deficit in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements under Part II, Item 8 thereof) comprised of $10.9 million of estimated legal fees and contingent insurance recovery costs and $99.3 million of non-cash expense for the estimated fair value as of the date of the final Delaware Supreme Court order of settlement shares issued to holders of Common Stock on August 28, 2023.

Other expense of $53.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2022 was primarily due to a loss on extinguishment of debt of $135.0 million related to the full redemption of the $500 million aggregate principal amount of the First Lien Notes due 2025, the $300 million aggregate principal amount of the First Lien Notes due 2026, and the $73.5 million aggregate principal amount of the First Lien Toggle Notes due 2026 and a loss on extinguishment of debt of $36.5 million related to the full redemption of the $476.6 million aggregate amount of the Odeon Term Loan Facility, partially offset by a gain on extinguishment of debt of $(75.0) million related to the redemption of $118.2 million of aggregate principal amount of the Second Lien Notes due 2026, a gain on extinguishment of debt of $(3.7) million related to the redemption of $5.3 million aggregate principal amount of Senior Subordinated Notes due 2027, $(25.8) million in government assistance related to COVID-19 and $(12.3) million in foreign currency transaction gains. See Note 1—The Company and Significant Accounting Policies in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements under Part II Item 8 thereof for additional information about the components of other expense (income).

Interest expense. Interest expense increased $32.5 million to $411.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to $378.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2022 primarily due to:

• the issuance of $950.0 million of 7.5% First Lien Senior Secured Notes due 2029 on February 14, 2022;
• the issuance of $400.0 million 12.75% Odeon Senior Secured Notes due 2027 on October 20, 2022; and
• the increase in interest rates on the Senior Secured Credit Facility Term Loan due 2026,

partially offset by:

• the extinguishment of $539.1 million of 10%/12% Cash/PIK/Toggle Second Lien Notes due 2026 from May 2022 to December 2023;
• the extinguishment of $500.0 million of 10.5% First Lien Notes due 2025 on February 14, 2022;
• the extinguishment of $300.0 million of 10.5% First Lien Notes due 2026 on February 14, 2022;
• the extinguishment of $73.5 million of 15%/17% Cash/PIK/Toggle Second Lien Notes due 2026 on February 14, 2022; and
• the extinguishment of £147.6 million and €312.2 million ($476.6 million) 10.75%/11.25% Cash/PIK Term Loans due 2023 on October 20, 2022.

See Note 8—Corporate Borrowings and Finance Lease Liabilities in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements under Part II Item 8 thereof for additional information about our indebtedness.

Equity in (earnings) loss of non-consolidated entities. Equity in (earnings) loss of non-consolidated entities was ($7.7) million for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to a loss of $1.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The decrease in equity losses from the prior year is primarily related to our 10.0% interest in Saudi Cinema Company, LLC that was sold on January 24, 2023.

Investment (income) expense. Investment income was $(15.5) million for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to investment expense of $14.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. Investment income in the current year includes a gain on sale of our 10.0% interest in Saudi Cinema Company, LLC of $15.5 million and interest income of $15.3 million, partially offset by $6.6 million of decline in estimated fair value of our investment in common shares of Hycroft and $6.0 million of decline in estimated fair value of our investment in warrants to purchase common shares of Hycroft, a $1.0 million impairment charge related to equity interest investments without a readily determinable fair value accounted for under the cost method, and $1.8 million of expense for NCM Common Units.

Investment expense included $12.5 million of decline in estimated fair value of our investment in common shares of Hycroft partially offset by $(6.2) million of appreciation in estimated fair value of our investment in warrants to purchase common shares of Hycroft, a $13.5 million decline in estimated fair value of our investment in NCM common units offset by interest income of $(5.9) million during the year ended December 31, 2022. ​

Income tax provision. The income tax provision was $3.4 million and $2.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. See Note 10—Income Taxes in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements under Part II Item 8 thereof for further information.

Net loss. Net loss was $396.6 million and $973.6 million during the years ended December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. Net loss during the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to net loss for the year ended December 31, 2022 was positively impacted by the increase in attendance as a result of the popularity of new film releases compared to the prior year, decreases in rent expense, decreases in depreciation and amortization expense, decreases in impairment of long-lived assets, decreases in other expense, decreases in equity in losses and decreases in investment expense, partially offset by increases in general and administrative expenses, increases in interest expense, and an increase in income tax provision.

Theatrical Exhibition–U.S. Markets

Revenues. Total revenues increased $727.0 million, during the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. Admissions revenues increased $373.5 million, or 22.7%, during the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to the year ended December 31, 2022, primarily due to an increase in attendance of 19.8% from 141.4 million patrons to 169.4 million patrons and a 2.4% increase in average ticket price. The increase in attendance was primarily due to the popularity of film product compared to the prior year. The increase in average ticket price was primarily due to higher ticket prices for TAYLOR SWIFT | THE ERAS TOUR and RENAISSANCE: A FILM BY BEYONCÉ, increased attendance for 3D content and partially offset by higher frequency of use by subscribers to our A-List program.

Food and beverage revenues increased $291.6 million, or 27.6%, during the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to the year ended December 31, 2022, primarily due to the increase in attendance and an increase in food and beverage per patron. Food and beverage per patron increased 6.4% from $7.47 to $7.95 due primarily to an increase in average prices and the percentage of guests making transactions, partially offset by lower units purchase per transaction and higher frequency from our Stubs members.

Total other theatre revenues increased $61.9 million, or 23.5%, during the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to the year ended December 31, 2022, primarily due to higher ticket fees due to the increase in the number of tickets purchased online, increases in distribution revenues from TAYLOR SWIFT | THE ERAS TOUR and RENAISSANCE: A FILM BY BEYONCÉ, advertising, and retail sales, partially offset by lower income from gift cards and package tickets and lower income from theatre meetings.

Operating costs and expenses. Operating costs and expenses increased $372.9 million, or 11.3%, during the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to the year ended December 31, 2022 primarily due to increases in film exhibition and food and beverage costs. Film exhibition costs increased $191.9 million, or 23.1%, during the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to the year ended December 31, 2022, primarily due to the increase in attendance. As a percentage of admissions revenues, film exhibition costs were 50.8% for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to 50.6% for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Food and beverage costs increased $68.8 million, or 41.7%, during the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase in food and beverage costs was primarily due to the increase in food and beverage revenues and increases in product costs and obsolescence. As a percentage of food and beverage revenues, food and beverage costs were 17.4% for the year ended December 31, 2023, and 15.6% for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Operating expense increased by $151.3 million, or 13.6%, during the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase in operating expense was primarily due to an increase in attendance and film distribution costs. As a percentage of revenues, operating expense was 34.2% for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 37.5% for the year ended December 31, 2022. Rent expense decreased 2.3%, or $15.0 million, during the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to the year ended December 31, 2022, due primarily to the early termination of one theatre lease for a benefit of $16.7 million, which included an early termination payment from the landlord for $13.0 million. See Note 3—Leases in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements under Part II Item 8 thereof for further information on the impact of COVID-19 on leases and rent obligations of approximately $52.1 million that have been deferred to future years as of December 31, 2023.

Merger, acquisition, and other costs. Merger, acquisition, and other costs were $1.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $2.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2022.

Other. Other general and administrative expense increased $26.8 million, or 18.8%, during the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to the year ended December 31, 2022, due primarily to stock-based compensation expense of $18.1 million related to a February 23, 2023, special award grant accounted for as a modification to the 2022 PSU awards discussed further in Condensed Consolidated Results of Operations and increases payroll, legal, professional and consulting and computer maintenance costs. See Note 9—Stockholders’ Deficit in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements under Part II Item 8 thereof for additional information about stock-based compensation expense.

Depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization decreased $25.7 million, or 8.2%, during the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to the year ended December 31, 2022, primarily due to lower depreciation expense on theatres impaired during the year ended December 31, 2022, partially offset by accelerated depreciation related to the replacement of digital projectors and permanently closed theatres.

Impairment of long-lived assets, definite and indefinite-lived intangible assets, and goodwill. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we recognized non-cash impairment losses of $49.2 million on 68 theatres in the U.S. markets with 738 screens (in Alabama, Colorado, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, North Carolina, New York, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin and West Virginia) which were related to property, net and operating lease right-of-use assets, net.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, we recognized non-cash impairment losses of $73.4 million on 68 theatres in the U.S. markets with 817 screens (in Alabama, Arkansas, Arizona, California, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, North Carolina, North Dakota, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, West Virginia, and Wisconsin) which were related to property, net and operating lease right-of-use assets, net.

Other (income) expense. Other income of $(47.3) million during the year ended December 31, 2023 was primarily due to gain on extinguishment of debt of $140.5 million related to the redemption of $320.9 million aggregate principal amount of the Second Lien Notes due 2026, a gain on extinguishment of debt of $2.3 million related to the redemption of $4.1 million aggregate principal amount of our Senior Subordinated Notes due 2026, and a receipt of $14.0 million in settlement of the Lao Action, partially offset by, $110.2 million of expense related to the settlement of the Shareholder Litigation comprised of $10.9 million of estimated legal fees and contingent insurance recovery costs and $99.3 million of non-cash expense for the estimated fair value as of the date of the final Delaware Supreme Court order of settlement shares issued to holders of Common Stock on August 28, 2023.

Other expense of $52.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2022, was primarily due to a loss on extinguishment of debt of $135.0 million related to the full redemption of the $500 million aggregate principal amount of the First Lien Notes due 2025, the $300 million aggregate principal amount of the First Lien Notes due 2026, and the $73.5 million aggregate principal amount of the First Lien Toggle Notes due 2026, partially offset by a gain on extinguishment of debt of $75.0 million related to the redemption of $118.2 million of aggregate principal amount of the Second Lien Notes due 2026, a gain on extinguishment of debt of $3.7 million related to the redemption of $5.25 million aggregate principal amount of Senior Subordinated Notes due 2027, $2.8 million in government assistance related to COVID-19 and $0.5 million in foreign currency transaction gains. See Note 1—The Company and Significant Accounting Policies in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements under Part II Item 8 thereof for additional information about the components of other expense.

Interest expense. Interest expense increased $42.9 million to $348.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $305.9 million during the year ended December 31, 2022, primarily due to:

• the issuance of $950.0 million of 7.5% First Lien Senior Secured Notes due 2029 on February 14, 2022; and
• the increase in interest rates on the Senior Secured Credit Facility Term Loan due 2026,

partially offset by:

• the extinguishment of $539.1 million of 10%/12% Cash/PIK/Toggle Second Lien Notes due 2026 from May 2022 to December 2023;
• the extinguishment of $500.0 million of 10.5% First Lien Notes due 2025 on February 14, 2022;
• the extinguishment of $300.0 million of 10.5% First Lien Notes due 2026 on February 14, 2022; and
• the extinguishment of $73.5 million of 15%/17% Cash/PIK/Toggle Second Lien Notes due 2026 on February 14, 2022.

See Note 8—Corporate Borrowings and Finance Lease Liabilities in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements under Part II Item 8 thereof for additional information about our indebtedness.

Equity in earnings of non-consolidated entities. Equity in earnings of non-consolidated entities was $5.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $4.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Investment expense. Investment expense was $1.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to investment expense of $15.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. Investment expense in the current year includes $6.6 million of decline in estimated fair value of our investment in common shares of Hycroft, $6.0 million of decline in estimated fair value of our investment in warrants to purchase common shares of Hycroft, a $1.0 million impairment charge related equity interests without a readily determinable fair value accounted for under the cost method and $1.8 million of expense for NCM Common Units, partially offset by interest income of $13.7 million. Investment expense in the prior year includes $12.5 million of deterioration in estimated fair value of our investment in common shares of Hycroft Mining Holding Corporation and $(6.2) million of appreciation in estimated fair value of our investment in warrants to purchase common shares of Hycroft Mining Holding Corporation and a $13.5 million decline in estimated fair value of our investment in NCM common units offset by interest income of $(5.8) million.

Income tax provision. The income tax provision was $1.8 million and $0.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. See Note 10—Income Taxes in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements under Part II Item 8 thereof for further information.

Net loss. Net loss was $287.8 million and $712.0 million during the years ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Net loss during the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to net loss for the year ended December 31, 2022 was positively impacted by the increase in attendance as a result of the popularity of new film releases compared to the prior year, decreases in rent expense, decreases in depreciation and amortization expense, decreases in impairment of long-lived assets, decreases in other expense, increases in equity in earnings and decreases in investment expense, partially offset by increases in general and administrative expenses, increases in interest expense and an increase in income tax provision.

Theatrical Exhibition–International Markets

Revenues. Total revenues increased $174.2 million, or 18.3%, during the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. Admissions revenues increased $115.6 million, or 20.7% during the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to the year ended December 31, 2022, primarily due to an increase in attendance or 17.7% from 59.6 million patrons to 70.1 million patrons and a 2.7% increase in average ticket price. The increase in attendance was primarily due to the popularity of film product compared to the prior year. The increase in average ticket price was primarily due to higher ticket prices.

Food and beverage revenues increased $64.5 million, or 25.0%, during the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to the year ended December 31, 2022, primarily due to the increase in attendance and an increase in food and beverage per patron. Food and beverage per patron increased 6.2% from $4.33 to $4.60 due primarily to an increase in average ticket prices and the lifting of COVID-19 restrictions on the sale of food and beverage in certain international markets.

Total other theatre revenues decreased $5.9 million, or 4.5%, during the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to the year ended December 31, 2022, primarily due to the decline in gift card ticket expirations and lower income from theatre meetings, partially offset by higher ticket fees due to the increase in the number of tickets purchased online, advertising and retail sales.

Operating costs and expenses. Operating costs and expenses increased $80.3 million, or 7.1%, during the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to the year ended December 31, 2022 primarily due to increases in film exhibition and food and beverage costs. Film exhibition costs increased $47.5 million, or 21.6%, during the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to the year ended December 31, 2022, primarily due to the increase in attendance. As a percentage of admissions revenues, film exhibition costs were 39.7% for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to 39.4% for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Food and beverage costs increased $17.9 million, or 28.2%, during the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase in food and beverage costs was primarily due to the increase in food and beverage revenues and increases in product costs. As a percentage of food and beverage revenues, food and beverage costs were 25.2% for the year ended December 31, 2023, and 24.6% for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Operating expense increased by $11.8 million, or 2.8%, during the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase in operating expense was primarily due to an increase in attendance, partially offset by a decline in utilities costs. As a percentage of revenues, operating expense was 38.2% for the year ended December 31, 2023, and 44.0% for the year ended December 31, 2022. Rent expense increased 1.0%, or $2.3 million, during the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. See Note 3—Leases in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements under Part II Item 8 thereof for further information on the impact of COVID-19 on leases and rent obligations of approximately $4.2 million that have been deferred to future years as of December 31, 2023.

Merger, acquisition, and other costs. Merger, acquisition, and other costs were $0.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $(0.6) million during the year ended December 31, 2022.

Other. Other general and administrative expense increased $7.5 million, or 11.5%, during the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to the year ended December 31, 2022, due primarily to higher payroll costs and stock-based compensation expense of $2.1 million related to a February 23, 2023 special award grant accounted for as a modification to the 2022 PSU awards discussed further in Condensed Consolidated Results of Operations. See Note 9—Stockholders’ Deficit in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements under Part II Item 8 thereof for additional information about stock-based compensation expense.

Depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization decreased $5.3 million, or 6.3%, during the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to the year ended December 31, 2022, primarily due to lower depreciation expense on theatres impaired during the year ended December 31, 2022.

Impairment of long-lived assets, definite and indefinite-lived intangible assets, and goodwill. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we recognized non-cash impairment losses of $57.7 million on 57 theatres in the International markets with 488 screens (in Germany, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and the UK), which were related to property, net and operating lease right-of-use assets, net.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, we recognized non-cash impairment losses of $59.7 million on 53 theatres in the International markets with 456 screens (in Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden, and UK), which were related to property, net, and operating lease right-of-use assets, net.

Other (income) expense. Other income of $(21.8) million during the year ended December 31, 2023 was primarily due to $17.8 million in foreign currency transaction gains and $3.8 million in government assistance.

Other expense of $1.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2022, was primarily due to a loss on extinguishment of debt of $36.5 million related to the full redemption of the $476.6 million aggregate amount of the Odeon Term Loan Facility and partially offset by $(23.0) million in government assistance related to COVID-19 and $(12.3) million of foreign currency transaction gains. See Note 1—The Company and Significant Accounting Policies in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements under Part II Item 8 thereof for additional information about the components of other (income) expense.

Interest expense. Interest expense decreased $10.4 million to $62.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to $72.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2022, primarily due to:

• the issuance of $400.0 million 12.75% Odeon Senior Secured Notes due 2027 on October 20, 2022.

partially offset by:

• the extinguishment of £147.6 million and €312.2 million ($476.6 million) 10.75%/11.25% Cash/PIK Term Loans due 2023 on October 20, 2022.

See Note 8—Corporate Borrowings and Finance Lease Liabilities in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements under Part II Item 8 thereof for additional information about our indebtedness.

Equity in (earnings) loss of non-consolidated entities. Equity in (earnings) loss of non-consolidated entities was $(2.2) million for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $5.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Investment income. Investment income was $17.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to investment income of $0.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. Investment income in the current year includes a gain on sale of our 10.0% interest in Saudi Cinema Company, LLC of $15.5 million and interest income of $1.6 million.

Income tax provision. The income tax provision was $1.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022. See Note 10—Income Taxes in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements under Part II Item 8 thereof for further information.

Net loss. Net loss was $108.8 million and $261.6 million during the years ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Net loss during the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to net loss for the year ended December 31, 2022 was positively impacted by the increase in attendance as a result of the popularity of new film releases compared to the prior year, decreases in depreciation and amortization expense, decreases in impairment of long-lived assets, decreases in other expense, decreases in interest expense, decreases in equity in losses and increases in investment income, partially offset by increases in general and administrative and increases in rent expense.

Results of Operations—For the Year Ended December 31, 2022, Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2021

For a comparison of our results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to the year ended December 31, 2021, see “Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 28, 2023, which is incorporated herein by reference.

Liquidity and Capital Resources—For the Year Ended December 31, 2023, Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2022

Our revenues are primarily collected in cash, principally through admissions and food and beverage sales. We have an operating “float” which partially financed our operations and which generally permitted us to maintain a smaller amount of working capital capacity. This float existed because admissions revenues are received in cash, while exhibition costs (primarily film rentals) are ordinarily paid to distributors from 20 to 45 days following receipt of admissions revenues. Film distributors generally release the films which they anticipate will be the most successful during the summer and year-end holiday seasons. Consequently, we typically generate higher revenues during such periods and experience higher working capital requirements following such periods.

We had working capital deficits (excluding restricted cash) as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 of $(456.4) million and $(811.1) million, respectively. As of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, working capital included operating lease liabilities of $508.8 million and $567.3 million, respectively, and deferred revenues of $421.8 million and $402.7 million, respectively.

See Note 8—Corporate Borrowings and Finance Lease Liabilities in the Notes to the Consolidated Statements under Part II, Item 8 thereof, for further discussion of our Financial Covenants.

As of December 31, 2023, we had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $884.3 million compared to $631.5 million as of December 31, 2022.

We have continued to lower our future interest expense through purchases of debt below par value and debt exchanges for equity and enhanced liquidity through equity issuances. See Note 8—Corporate Borrowings and Finance Lease Liabilities, Note 9—Stockholders’ Deficit, and Note 16—Subsequent Events in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements under Part II, Item 8 thereof, for further information. We expect, at any time and from time to time, to continue to seek to retire or purchase our outstanding debt through cash purchases and/or exchanges for equity or debt, in open-market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. Such repurchases or exchanges, if any, will be upon such terms and at such prices as we may determine, and will depend on prevailing market conditions, our liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors. The amounts involved may be material and, to the extent equity is used, dilutive.

We believe our existing cash and cash equivalents, together with cash generated from operations, will be sufficient to fund our operations and satisfy our obligations currently and through the next twelve months. We are subject to a minimum liquidity requirement of $100.0 million as a condition to the financial covenant suspension period under the Credit Agreement. We believe we will comply with the minimum liquidity requirement through the current maturity date of the Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility on April 22, 2024. We currently do not expect to extend such maturity or replace the Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility upon maturity, although we may seek to replace it in the future.

Our cash burn rates are not sustainable long-term. In order to achieve sustainable net positive operating cash flows and long-term profitability, we believe that operating revenues will need to increase to levels in line with pre-COVID-19 operating revenues. North America box office grosses were down approximately 21% for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to the year ended December 31, 2019. Until such time as we are able to achieve positive operating cash flow, it is difficult to estimate our liquidity requirements, future cash burn rates, future operating revenues, and attendance levels. Depending on our assumptions regarding the timing and ability to achieve levels of operating revenue, the estimates of amounts of required liquidity vary significantly.

There can be no assurance that the operating revenues, attendance levels and other assumptions used to estimate our liquidity requirements and future cash burn rates will be correct, and our ability to be predictive is uncertain due to limited ability to predict studio film release dates, the overall production and theatrical release levels and success of individual titles. Additionally, the effects of labor stoppages, including but not limited to the Writers Guild of America strike and the Screen Actors Guild-American Federation of Television and Radio Artists strike that occurred during 2023, cannot be reasonably estimated and are expected to have a negative impact in 2024 on the future film slate for exhibition, the Company’s future liquidity and cash burn rates. Further, there can be no assurances that we will be successful in generating the additional liquidity necessary to meet our obligations beyond twelve months from the issuance of this Annual Report on terms acceptable to us or at all.

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities, as reflected in the consolidated statements of cash flows, were $215.2 million and $628.5 million during the years ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The improvement in cash flows used in operating activities was primarily due to the increase in attendance and decrease in net loss, and reductions in rent repayments for rent that was deferred during the COVID-19 pandemic, partially offset by increases in working capital used and cash interest paid. See Note 3—Leases in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements under Part II, Item 8 thereof for a summary of the estimated future repayment terms for the remaining $56.3 million of rentals that were deferred during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities, as reflected in the consolidated statements of cash flows, were $180.1 million and $224.0 million during the years ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Cash outflows from investing activities for capital expenditures during the years ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were $225.6 million and $202.0 million, respectively.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, cash flows used in investing activities also included proceeds from the sale of our investment in Saudi Cinema Company, LLC of $30.0 million and proceeds from the disposition of long-term assets of $16.5, offset by outflows for the acquisition of theatre assets of $4.0 million.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, cash flows used in investing activities included investment in Hycroft common stock for $25.0 million, investment in Hycroft warrants for $2.9 million, acquisition of theatre assets for $17.8 million, partially offset by proceeds from the disposition of long-term assets of $11.3 million and proceeds of $13.0 million from the sale of securities in conjunction with the liquidation of a non-qualified deferred compensation plan.

We fund the costs of constructing, maintaining and remodeling our theatres through existing cash balances, cash generated from operations, landlord contributions, or borrowed funds, as necessary. We generally lease our theatres pursuant to long-term non-cancelable operating leases, which may require the developer who owns the property, to reimburse us for the construction costs. We estimate that our cash outflows for capital expenditures, net of landlord contributions, will be approximately $175 million to $225 million for the year ending December 31, 2024 to maintain and enhance operations.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities, as reflected in the consolidated statements of cash flows, were $649.3 million and $(91.3) million, during the years ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The increase in cash flows provided by in financing activities during the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to December 31, 2022 was primarily due to equity issuances of $832.7, net of issuance costs, partially offset by the repurchase of Second Lien Notes due 2026 for $139.9 million, scheduled principal payments under the Term Loan due 2026 of $20.0 million, and taxes paid for restricted unit withholdings of $14.2 million. See Note 8—Corporate Borrowings and Finance Lease Liabilities and Note 9—Stockholders’ Deficit in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements under Part II, Item 8 thereof for further information, including a summary of principal payments required and maturities of corporate borrowings as of December 31, 2023.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, principal and premium payments under the First Lien Notes due 2025 of $534.5 million, principal and premium payments under the First Lien Notes due 2026 of $325.6 million, principal and premium payments under the First Lien Toggle Notes due 2026 of $88.1 million, taxes for restricted unit withholdings of $52.3 million, repurchase of Second Lien Notes due 2026 of $68.3 million, and cash used to pay for deferred financing costs of $26.1 million, partially offset by the issuance of the First Lien Notes due 2029 of $950.0 million, issuance of the Odeon Senior Secured Notes due 2027 of $368.0 million, and net proceeds from AMC Preferred Equity Unit share issuances of $220.4 million.

Dividends.

Since April 24, 2020, we have been prohibited from making dividend payments in accordance with the covenant suspension conditions in our Credit Agreement. The payment of future dividends after expiration of our covenant suspension conditions is subject to our Board of Directors’ discretion, and dependent on many considerations, including limitations imposed by covenants in the agreements governing our indebtedness, operating results, capital requirements, strategic considerations and other factors. For further information see Note 8—Corporate Borrowings and Finance Lease Liabilities in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements under Part II, Item 8 thereof.

Future Contractual Obligations

Our estimated future obligations as of December 31, 2023 include both current and long-term obligations. Our expected material contractual cash requirements over the next twelve months, primarily consist of capital related betterments of $22.3 million, minimum operating lease payments of $920.3 million, finance lease payments of $8.4 million, contractual cash rent amounts that were due and not paid of $6.4 million recorded in accounts payable, and corporate borrowings principal and interest payments of $25.1 million and $396.6 million, respectively.

Pension funding. Our U.S., U.K., and Sweden defined benefit plans are frozen. We fund our U.S. pension plans such that the plans are in compliance with Employee Retirement Income Security Act (“ERISA”) and the plans are not considered “at risk” as defined by ERISA guidelines. We expect to make $5.0 million of contributions to the defined pension plans during the year ended December 31, 2024.

Obligation for unrecognized tax benefits. As of December 31, 2023, our recorded obligation for unrecognized tax benefits is $5.5 million. There are currently no unrecognized tax benefits which we anticipate will be resolved in the next twelve months. See Note 10—Income Taxes in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements under Part II, Item 8 thereof for further information.

Minimum operating lease and finance lease payments. We have current and long-term minimum cash requirements for operating lease payments of $920.3 million and $5,930.0 million, respectively. We have current and long-term minimum cash requirements for finance lease payments of $8.4 million and $76.4 million, respectively. The total amounts do not equal the carrying amount due to imputed interest. We received rent concessions provided by the lessors that aided in mitigating the economic effects of COVID-19 during the pandemic. These concessions primarily consisted of rent abatements and the deferral of rent payments and were included in the amounts above, except for contractual cash rent amounts recorded in accounts payable that were due and not paid of $6.4 million. Our cash expenditures for rent increased significantly in 2022 and 2023 as previously deferred rent payments and landlord concessions started to become current obligations. See Note 3—Leases in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements under Part II, Item 8 thereof, for a summary of the estimated future repayment terms for the minimum operating lease and finance lease amounts, including the deferred lease amounts due to COVID-19.

Corporate borrowings principal and interest payments. We have current and long-term cash requirements for the payment of principal related to corporate borrowings of $25.1 million and $4,479.2 million, respectively. The total amount does not equal the carrying amount due to unamortized discounts, premiums and deferred charges. Based upon the December 31, 2023 outstanding principal balances, we have current and long-term cash interest payment requirements related to our corporate borrowings of $396.6 million and $814.3 million, respectively. The cash interest payment requirements for our Senior Secured Term Loans due 2026 was estimated at 8.474% based on the interest rate in effect as of December 31, 2023.

See Note 8—Corporate Borrowings and Finance Lease Liabilities in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements under Part II, Item 8 thereof, for further information, including a schedule of outstanding principal balances, applicable interest rates, and maturity dates for each individual borrowing and a schedule of required principal payments and maturities of corporate borrowings as of December 31, 2023.

Liquidity and Capital Resources—For the Year Ended December 31, 2022, Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2021

For a comparison of our liquidity and capital resources for the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to the year ended December 31, 2021, see “Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 28, 2023, which is incorporated herein by reference.

New Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 1—The Company and Significant Accounting Policies in Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements under Part II, Item 8 thereof for information regarding recently issued accounting standards.

In the ordinary course of business, our financial results are exposed to fluctuations in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. In accordance with applicable guidance, we presented a sensitivity analysis showing the potential impact to net income of changes in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, our analysis utilized a hypothetical 100 basis-point increase or decrease to the average interest rate on our variable rate debt instruments to illustrate the potential impact to interest expense of changes in interest rates and a hypothetical 100 basis-point increase or decrease to market interest rates on our fixed rate debt instruments to illustrate the potential impact to fair value of changes in interest rates.

Similarly, for the same period, our analysis used a uniform and hypothetical 10% increase in foreign currency translation rates to depict the potential impact to net income of changes in foreign currency translation rates. These market risk instruments and the potential impacts to the consolidated statements of operations as presented below.

Market risk on variable-rate financial instruments. At December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we maintained Senior Secured Credit Facilities comprised of a $225.0 million revolving credit facility and $1,905.0 million of Term Loan due 2026. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement (which governs the Senior Secured Credit Facilities) (as amended through the Thirteenth Amendment to Credit Agreement) bear interest at a rate per annum equal to, at our option, either (1) a base rate determined by reference to the highest of (a) 0.50% per annum plus the Federal Funds Effective Rate, (b) the prime rate announced by the Administrative Agent and (c) 1.00% per annum plus Adjusted Term SOFR (as defined below) for a 1-month tenor or (2) Term SOFR plus a credit spread adjustment of 0.11448% per annum, 0.26161% per annum, and 0.42826% per annum for interest periods of one-month, three-months, or six-months or longer, respectively (“Adjusted Term SOFR”) plus (x) in the case of the Senior Secured Term Loans, 2.0% for base rate loans or 3.0% for SOFR loans or (y) in the case of the Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility, an applicable margin based on the Secured Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement). The rate in effect for the outstanding Senior Secured Term Loan due 2026 was 8.474% per annum at December 31, 2023 and 7.274% per annum at December 31, 2022.

Increases in market interest rates would cause interest expense to increase and earnings before income taxes to decrease. The change in interest expense and earnings before income taxes would be dependent upon the weighted average outstanding borrowings during the reporting period following an increase in market interest rates. At December 31, 2023, we had no variable-rate borrowings outstanding under our Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility and had an aggregate principal balance of $1,905.0 million outstanding under the Senior Secured Term Loan due 2026. A 100-basis point change in market interest rates would have increased or decreased interest expense on the Senior Secured Term Loan due 2026 by $19.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2023.

At December 31, 2022, we had no variable-rate borrowings outstanding under our Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility and had an aggregate principal balance of $1,925.0 million outstanding under the Senior Secured Term Loan due 2026. A 100-basis point change in market interest rates would have increased or decreased interest expense on the Senior Secured Credit Facilities by $19.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2022.

Market risk on fixed-rate financial instruments. Included in long-term corporate borrowings at December 31, 2023 were principal amounts of $950.0 million of our First Lien Notes due 2029, $968.9 million of our Second Lien Notes due 2026, $400.0 million of our Odeon Notes due 2027, $98.3 million of our Notes due 2025, $51.5 million of our Notes due 2026, $125.5 million of our Notes due 2027, and £4.0 million ($5.1 million) of our Sterling Notes due 2024. A 100-basis point change in market interest rates would have caused an increase or (decrease) in the fair value of our fixed rate financial instruments of approximately $59.7 million and $(57.5) million, respectively, during the year ended December 31, 2023.

Included in long-term corporate borrowings at December 31, 2022 were principal amounts of $950.0 million of our First Lien Notes due 2029, $1,389.8 million of our Second Lien Notes due 2026, $400.0 million of our Odeon Notes due 2027, $98.3 million of our Notes due 2025, $55.6 million of our Notes due 2026, $125.5 million of our Notes due 2027, and £4.0 million ($4.8 million) of our Sterling Notes due 2024. A 100-basis point change in market interest rates would have caused an increase or (decrease) in the fair value of our fixed rate financial instruments of approximately $47.5 million and $(45.4) million, respectively, during the year ended December 31, 2022.

Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk. We are also exposed to market risk arising from changes in foreign currency exchange rates arising from our International markets operations. International markets revenues and operating expenses are transacted in British Pounds, Euros, Swedish Krona and Norwegian Krone. U.S. GAAP requires that our subsidiaries use the currency of the primary economic environment in which they operate as their functional currency. If any international subsidiary operates in a highly inflationary economy, U.S. GAAP requires that the U.S. dollar be used as the functional currency. Currency fluctuations in the countries in which we operate result in us reporting exchange gains (losses) or foreign currency translation adjustments. Based upon the functional currencies in the International markets as of December 31, 2023, holding everything else constant, a hypothetical 10% increase in foreign currency translation rates to depict the potential impact to net loss from changes in foreign exchange rates would increase the aggregate net loss of our International theatres for the year ended December 31, 2023 by approximately $10.9 million. Based upon the functional currencies in the International markets as of December 31, 2022, holding everything else constant, a hypothetical 10% increase in foreign currency translation rates to depict the potential impact to net loss of changes in foreign exchange rates would increase the aggregate net loss of our International theatres for the year ended December 31, 2022 by approximately $26.2 million.

Our foreign currency translation rates increased by approximately 1.0% for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022.

(a) Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures.

The Company maintains a set of disclosure controls and procedures designed to ensure that material information required to be disclosed in its filings under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms and that material information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. The Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have evaluated these disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K and have determined that such disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

(b) Management’s annual report on internal control over financial reporting.

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting for the Company as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act. With management’s participation, an evaluation of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting was conducted as of December 31, 2023, based on the framework and criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this evaluation, management has concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2023. The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting has been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their attestation report in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

(c) Changes in internal control over financial reporting.

There were no changes in its internal control over financial reporting as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f) during the quarter ended December 31, 2023, that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.