Cadiz Inc: Form 10-Q for the period ended Mar 31, 2025

In connection with the “safe harbor” provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, the following discussion contains trend analysis and other forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of words such as “intends”, “anticipates”, “believes”, “estimates”, “projects”, “forecasts”, “expects”, “plans” and “proposes”. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, there are a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from these forward-looking statements. These include, among others, our ability to maximize value from our land and water resources and our ability to obtain new financings as needed to meet our ongoing working capital needs. See additional discussion under the heading “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. Our forward-looking statements are made only as of the date hereof. We assume no duty to update these forward-looking statements to reflect new, changed or unanticipated events or circumstances, other than as may be required by law.

We are a water solutions provider with a unique combination of land, water, pipeline and water filtration assets located in Southern California between major water systems serving population centers in the Southwestern United States. Our portfolio of assets includes 2.5 million acre-feet of water supply, 1 million acre-feet of groundwater storage capacity, 220 miles of existing, underground pipeline, 43 miles of right-of-way entitlements for pipeline construction, and versatile, scalable and cost-effective water filtration technology that removes contaminants and constituents of concern from groundwater. Our customers are public and private water systems, government agencies and commercial businesses.

We manage our landholdings, pipeline and water filtration technology assets to offer a suite of integrated products and services to public water systems, government agencies and commercial customers that include reliable water supply, groundwater storage, water conveyance and custom-designed water filtration technology systems.

Water Supply – We own vested water rights to withdraw 2.5 million acre-feet of groundwater for beneficial uses, including agricultural development on our property and export to serve communities across Southern California. Because water in the aquifer system will eventually be lost to evaporation, surplus water that is captured and withdrawn before it evaporates is a new water supply (i.e. “conserved” water). We have completed environmental review in accordance with local, state and federal laws authorizing the management of the groundwater aquifer underlying our property in the Cadiz Valley (“Cadiz Ranch”) which is expected to produce an average of 50,000 acre-feet of water per year (“AFY”) for 50 years for beneficial use in Southern California communities.

Water Storage – The alluvium aquifer that lies beneath the Cadiz Ranch is also large enough for use as a water “banking” facility, capable of storing water “in-lieu” for supply customers and up to 1 million acre-feet of imported surplus water for return during drought periods. For comparison, Metropolitan Water District of Southern California stores approximately 1.2 million acre-feet of water in the largest surface reservoir in the United States, Lake Mead.

Water Conveyance Infrastructure – We own an existing 220-mile 30-inch steel pipeline (“Northern Pipeline”), that intersects several water storage and conveyance facilities in Southern California, including the California Aqueduct, the Los Angeles Aqueduct, and the Mojave River Pipeline. The capacity of the Northern Pipeline for water conveyance is 25,000 AFY. We also own a 99-year lease with the Arizona & California Railroad Company that will allow us to construct a 43-mile water conveyance pipeline (“Southern Pipeline”) within the existing, active railroad right-of-way that extends from the Cadiz Ranch to the Colorado River Aqueduct. We expect the capacity of the Southern Pipeline to be 150,000 AFY to accommodate imported water storage. We hold an option to purchase up to 180 miles of existing unused 36” steel pipeline that can be used in construction of the Southern Pipeline system or to replace certain components of the Northern Pipeline.

Water Filtration Technology – In 2022, we completed the acquisition of the assets of ATEC Water Systems, Inc. into ATEC Water Systems, LLC (“ATEC”), which provides innovative water filtration solutions for impaired or contaminated groundwater sources. ATEC’s specialized filtration media provide cost-effective, high-rate of removal for common groundwater impairments and contaminants that pose health risks in drinking water including iron, manganese, arsenic, Chromium-6, nitrates, per-and-polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and other constituents of concern.

Our addition of pipeline infrastructure and ATEC water filtration technology to our portfolio of land and water assets has enabled us to adjust our business model to begin offering integrated services and solutions to public water systems that address the urgent challenges of climate change and make significant progress in advancing contract negotiations for water supply with public water systems.

In 2024, we entered into agreements with multiple public water systems for their purchase of 21,275 AFY of annual water supply from us to be delivered via the Northern Pipeline. These agreements cumulatively represent 85% of the full capacity (25,000 AFY) of the Northern Pipeline.

Through membership in Fenner Gap Mutual Water Company, a mutual water company to be owned by the participating water agencies, these agreements provide for delivery of purchased annual water supply over a 40-year term (take or pay), at an agreed upon market price estimated to start at approximately $850/AFY and subject to annual adjustment. Participating public agencies are also expected to pay a portion of operating costs and the capital costs for conversion of facilities.

We estimate that it will cost approximately $800 million to construct all required facilities to complete the Mojave Groundwater Bank, including conversion of the Northern Pipeline to water conveyance and construction of the Southern Pipeline, the wellfield and power facilities. In December 2024, we established a new business entity, Mojave Groundwater Storage Company LLC to fund these capital costs in partnership with public sector, tribal and other investors that we expect will contribute up to $401 million equity capital in exchange for ownership of the pipeline facilities and a 51% share of the long-term cash flows from the groundwater banking and storage operations. In May 2025, the name of the business entity was changed to Mojave Water Infrastructure Company, LLC (“MWI”). As of May 2025, we have entered into letters of intent and a letter of agreement with potential MWI investors for up to $425 million. The letters of intent and letter of agreement are non-binding and subject to on-going due diligence. The parties will also coordinate with us to seek available infrastructure grants and/or other financing alternatives including potential bond issuances through a to-be-formed financing Joint Powers Authority to fund the remaining construction costs.

Upon closing of definitive agreements, we would contribute our pipeline infrastructure assets, including the Northern Pipeline and the Southern Pipeline right-of-way, and an expected 51% share of the long-term cash flows from the groundwater banking and storage operations, to MWI in exchange for the equity capital funding. In consideration of our transfer of assets, MWI is expected to pay us approximately $76 million among other considerations and we would retain 49% of the water storage rights.

ATEC and our agricultural operations provide our current principal source of revenue, although our working capital needs are not fully supported by these operations at this time. We believe that our water supply, storage, pipeline conveyance and treatment solutions will provide a significant source of future cash flow for the business and our stockholders. We presently rely upon debt and equity financing to support our working capital needs and development of our water solutions.

Our current and future operations also include activities that further our commitments to sustainable stewardship of our land, water, pipeline and water filtration technology assets, good governance and corporate social responsibility. We believe these commitments are important investments that will assist in maintenance of sustained stockholder value.

Results of Operations

Three Months Ended March 31, 2025, Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2024

We currently operate in two reportable segments. Our largest segment is Land and Water Resources, which comprises all activities regarding our properties in the eastern Mojave Desert, pre-revenue development of the Mojave Groundwater Bank (supply, storage and conveyance), and agricultural operations. Our second operating segment is Water Filtration Technology comprised of ATEC which provides innovative water filtration technology solutions for impaired or contaminated groundwater sources.

We evaluate our performance based on segment operating (loss). Interest expense, income tax expense and losses related to equity method investments are excluded from the computation of operating (loss) for the segments. Segment net revenue, segment operating expenses and segment operating (loss)/income information consisted of the following for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:

Cadiz Inc.

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We have not received significant revenues from our water supply, storage, or conveyance assets to date. Our revenues have been limited primarily to ATEC sales and sales from our alfalfa plantings and rental income from our agricultural leases. As a result, we have historically incurred a net loss from operations. We incurred a net loss of $9.6 million in the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to a $6.9 million net loss during the three months ended March 31, 2024. The higher loss in 2025 was primarily due to increased professional fees incurred in advancing the development of the Mojave Groundwater Bank and higher compensation costs related to stock based non-cash bonus awards.

Our primary expenses are our ongoing overhead costs associated with the development of our water supply, storage, and conveyance assets (i.e., general and administrative expense), farming expenses at the Cadiz Ranch, manufacturing operations of ATEC and our interest expense. We will continue to incur non-cash expenses in connection with our management and director equity incentive compensation plan.

Revenues Revenue totaled $3.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2025, primarily related to ATEC sales totaling $2.4 million, sales from the harvest from our 890 acres of commercial alfalfa crop totaling $0.5 million and rental income from agricultural leases totaling $0.1 million. Revenue totaled $1.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024, primarily related to ATEC sales totaling $0.5 million, sales from the harvest from our commercial alfalfa crop totaling $0.5 million and rental income from our agricultural leases totaling $0.1 million. The increase in ATEC sales primarily relates to revenues under a contract to deliver 320 filters for the Central Utah Water Conservancy District’s Vineyard Wellfield Groundwater Polishing Project announced in 2023.

Cost of Sales Cost of sales totaled $2.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2025, comprised of $1.6 million related to ATEC (35.2% gross margin) and $0.5 million related to our alfalfa crop harvest. Cost of sales totaled $1.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024, comprised of $0.7 million related to our alfalfa crop harvest and $0.3 million related to ATEC.

General and Administrative Expenses General and administrative expenses during the three months ended March 31, 2025, exclusive of stock-based compensation costs, totaled $5.3 million compared to $3.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The increase in 2025 was primarily a result of increased legal and consulting fees incurred in advancing the development of the Mojave Groundwater Bank.

Compensation costs for stock and option awards for the three months ended March 31, 2025, were $2.8 million, compared to $1.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The higher 2025 expense was primarily due to an increase in stock-based non-cash awards to employees and consultants in 2025 compared to 2024 (see Note 4 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – “Stock-Based Compensation Plans”).

Depreciation Depreciation expense totaled $0.3 million during each of the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

Interest Expense, net Net interest expense totaled $2.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to $1.9 million during the same period in 2024. The following table summarizes the components of net interest expense for the two periods (in thousands):

Interest income primarily relates to interest on investments in short-term deposits.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Current Financing Arrangements

As we have not received sufficient revenues or gross profits from our water, agriculture or water filtration technology activities to date, we have been required to obtain financing to bridge the gap between the time water resource and other development expenses are incurred and the time that revenue will commence. Historically, we have addressed these needs primarily through secured debt financing arrangements and private equity placements.

Equity Offerings

In November 2024, we completed the sale and issuance of 7,000,000 shares of our common stock to certain institutional investors in a registered direct offering (“November 2024 Direct Offering”). The shares of common stock were sold at a purchase price of $3.34 per share, for aggregate gross proceeds of $23.4 million and aggregate net proceeds of approximately $22.1 million.

On March 7, 2025, we completed the sale and issuance of 5,715,000 shares of our common stock to certain institutional investors in a registered direct offering (“March 2025 Direct Offering”). The shares of common stock were sold at a purchase price of $3.50 per share, for aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $20.0 million and aggregate net proceeds of approximately $18.3 million.

$5.0 million of the net proceeds from the November 2024 Direct Offering were paid in January 2025 to secure an exclusive option finalized in December 2024 to purchase up to 180 miles of steel pipe intended to be used for the development of the Mojave Groundwater Bank. The remaining proceeds from the November 2024 Direct Offering and the proceeds from the March 2025 Direct Offering are intended to be used for capital and other expenses related to the development and construction of the Mojave Groundwater Bank, which may include acquisition of equipment and materials intended to be used in construction of facilities related to our Northern and/or Southern Pipelines, which we expect to begin in 2025. Net proceeds from the offerings may also be used for the equipment and materials related to wellfield infrastructure on land owned by us and our subsidiaries, business development activities, other capital expenditures, working capital, the expansion of our business and general corporate purposes.

Debt Offerings

In July 2021, we entered into a $50 million new credit agreement (“Credit Agreement”) (see Note 3 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – “Long-Term Debt”). The proceeds of the Credit Agreement, together with the proceeds from a depositary share offering, were used to (a) to repay all our outstanding senior secured debt obligations in the amount of approximately $77.6 million, (b) to deposit approximately $10.2 million into a segregated account, representing an amount sufficient to pre-fund eight quarterly dividend payments on the Series A Preferred Stock underlying depositary shares issued in a depositary share offering, and (c) to pay transaction related expenses. The remaining proceeds were used for working capital needs and for general corporate purposes.

On February 2, 2023, we entered into a First Amendment to Credit Agreement to amend certain provisions of the Credit Agreement (“First Amended Credit Agreement), Under the First Amended Credit Agreement, the lenders will have a right to convert up to $15 million of outstanding principal, plus any PIK interest and any accrued and unpaid interest (the “Convertible Loan”) into shares of our common stock at a conversion price of $4.80 per share (the “Conversion Price”). In addition, prior to the maturity of the Credit Agreement, we have the right to require that the lenders convert the outstanding principal amount, plus any PIK Interest and accrued and unpaid interest, of the Convertible Loan if the following conditions are met: (i) the average VWAP of the Company’s common stock on The Nasdaq Stock Market, or such other national securities exchange on which the shares of common stock are listed for trading, over 30 consecutive trading dates exceeds 115% of the then Conversion Price and (ii) there is no event of default under certain provisions of the Credit Agreement.

Under the First Amended Credit Agreement, the maturity date of the Credit Agreement was extended from July 2, 2024 to June 30, 2026.

On March 6, 2024, we entered into a Third Amendment to Credit Agreement and First Amendment to Security Agreement (“Third Amended Credit Agreement”) with HHC $ Fund 2012 (“Heerema”) (see Note 3 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – “Long-Term Debt”). Before entering into the Third Amended Credit Agreement, Heerema purchased the outstanding secured non-convertible term loans under the Credit Agreement (“Assignment”). In connection with the Assignment, the existing holders of both the Convertible Loan and non-convertible term loans consented to effectuate the Third Amended Credit Agreement in consideration of a consent fee in the aggregate amount of $479,845 payable in the form of our common stock (valued at $2.89 per share, or 166,036 shares), which was registered pursuant to an effective shelf registration statement on Form S-3 and a prospectus supplement thereunder. The Third Amended Credit Agreement provides, among other things, (a) a new tranche of senior secured convertible terms loans from Heerema in an aggregate principal amount of $20 million, having a maturity date of June 30, 2027 (“New Secured Convertible Debt”); (b) the aggregate principal amount of the secured non-convertible term loans acquired by Heerema has been increased from $20 million to $21.2 million and the applicable repayment fee in respect thereof has been eliminated; (c) the Convertible Loan existing prior to the Third Amended Credit Agreement, in an aggregate principal amount of approximately $16 million plus interest accruing thereon, has become unsecured; and (d) extension of the maturity date for the existing Convertible Loan and non-convertible loans to June 30, 2027.

The annual interest rate remains unchanged at 7.00%. Interest on $21.2 million of the remaining principal amount will be paid in cash. Interest on the aggregate $36 million principal amount of the New Secured Convertible Debt and existing Convertible Loan is paid in kind on a quarterly basis.

Limitations on our liquidity and ability to raise capital may adversely affect us. Sufficient liquidity is critical to meet our resource development activities. To the extent additional capital is required, we may increase liquidity through a variety of means, including equity or debt placements, through the lease, sale or other disposition of assets or reductions in operating costs. If additional capital is required, no assurances can be given as to the availability and terms of any new financing.

As we continue to actively pursue our business strategy, additional financing will continue to be required (see “Outlook”, below). The covenants in the Credit Agreement, as amended, do not prohibit our use of additional equity financing and allow us to retain 100% of the proceeds of any common equity financing. We do not expect the loan covenants to materially limit our ability to finance our water and agricultural development activities.

Cash Used in Operating Activities. Cash used in operating activities totaled $3.6 million and $2.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The cash was primarily used to fund general and administrative expenses related to our water development efforts, agricultural development efforts, and our ATEC business including increased working capital needs related to accounts receivable offset by increased accounts payable.

Cash Used in Investing Activities. Cash used in investing activities totaled $6.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, and $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The cash used in 2025 was primarily related to securing an exclusive option to purchase up to 180 miles of steel pipeline intended to be used for the development of the Mojave Groundwater Bank for $5.0 million. The cash used in the 2024 period primarily related to the development cost for the planting of 125 additional acres of alfalfa.

Cash Provided by Financing Activities. Cash provided by financing activities totaled $16.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared with cash provided of $17.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. Proceeds from the financing activities in the 2025 period primarily related to the issuance of shares under a direct offering. Proceeds from financing activities for the 2024 period related to the issuance of long-term debt under the Third Amended Credit Agreement.

Outlook

Short-Term Outlook. The net proceeds of approximately $18.3 million from the completion of the March 2025 Direct Offering, together with cash on hand, provide us with sufficient funds to meet our short-term working capital needs. Our ATEC operations are expected to be funded using existing capital and cash profits generated from operations during 2025.

Long-Term Outlook. In the longer term, we may need to raise additional capital to finance working capital needs and capital expenditures (see “Current Financing Arrangements”, above). Our future working capital needs will depend upon the specific measures we pursue in the entitlement and development of our water supply, storage, conveyance resources and other developments. Future capital expenditures will depend on the progress of the Mojave Groundwater Bank, including the funding of MWI, ATEC operational needs and any further expansion of our agricultural assets. Additionally, timing of reimbursement of development costs advanced related to the Mojave Groundwater Bank and the expected receipt of approximately $76 million for the anticipated transfer of assets into MWI will impact the need to raise additional capital.

We are evaluating the amount of cash needed, and the manner in which such cash will be raised, on an ongoing basis. We may meet any future cash requirements through a variety of means, including equity or debt placements, or through the sale or other disposition of assets. Equity placements will be undertaken only to the extent necessary, so as to minimize the dilutive effect of any such placements upon our existing stockholders. No assurances can be given, however, as to the availability or terms of any new financing. Limitations on our liquidity and ability to raise capital may adversely affect us. Sufficient liquidity is critical to meet our resource development activities.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 1 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – “Basis of Presentation”.

We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Reg. 240.12b-2 of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 and are not required to provide the information under this item.

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company established disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that material information related to the Company, including its consolidated entities, is accumulated and communicated to senior management, including the Chief Executive Officer (the “Principal Executive Officer”) and Chief Financial Officer (the “Principal Financial Officer”) and to its Board of Directors. Based on their evaluation as of March 31, 2025, the Company's Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer have concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) are effective to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms, and such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the principal executive and principal financial officers as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

Changes in Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting

In connection with the evaluation required by paragraph (d) of Rule 13a-15 under the Exchange Act, there was no change identified in the Company's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the last fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

Because of the inherent limitations of internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility of collusion or improper management override of controls, material misstatements due to error or fraud may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

There have been no material changes to the risk factors described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.