Cathay General Bancorp: Form 10-Q for the period ended Jun 30, 2026

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025 and are based upon its unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of these Consolidated Financial Statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues, and expenses, and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the Consolidated Financial Statements. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Quarterly Statement of Operations Review

Financial Performance

($ In millions, except per share and ratio data)

Net Income

Net income for the three months ended June 30, 2026, was $92.2 million, an increase of $14.7 million, or 19.0% compared to net income of $77.5 million for the same period in 2025. Diluted earnings per share for the three months ended June 30, 2026, was $1.37 per share compared to $1.10 per share for the same period in 2025.

Return on average stockholders’ equity was 12.21% and return on average assets was 1.52% for the three months ended June 30, 2026, compared to a return on average stockholders’ equity of 10.72% and a return on average assets of 1.33% for the same period in 2025.

Net Interest Income Before Provision for Credit Losses

Net interest income before provision for credit losses increased $19.7 million, or 10.9%, to $200.9 million during the second quarter of 2026, compared to $181.2 million during the same quarter in 2025. The increase was primarily due to a lower interest expense on deposits, partially offset by a lower interest income on deposits with other banks.

The net interest margin was 3.48% for the second quarter of 2026 compared to 3.27% for the second quarter of 2025.

For the second quarter of 2026, the yield on average interest-earning assets was 5.66%, the cost of funds on average interest-bearing liabilities was 2.89%, and the average cost of interest-bearing deposits was 2.86%. In comparison, for the second quarter of 2025, the yield on average interest-earning assets was 5.83%, the cost of funds on average interest-bearing liabilities was 3.37%, and the average cost of interest-bearing deposits was 3.35%. The decrease in the cost on average interest-bearing liabilities resulted mainly from lower interest rates paid on deposits, while the decrease in the yield on average interest-earning assets resulted mainly from lower interest rates earned on loans. The net interest spread, defined as the difference between the yield on average interest-earning assets and the cost of funds on average interest-bearing liabilities, was 2.77% for the quarter ended June 30, 2026, compared to 2.46% for the same quarter in 2025.

The following table sets forth information concerning average interest-earning assets, average interest-bearing liabilities, and the average yields earned on those assets and rates paid on those liabilities for the three months ended June 30, 2026, and 2025. The average outstanding amounts included in the table are daily averages.

($ In thousands)

27

The following table summarizes the changes in interest income and interest expense attributable to changes in volume and changes in interest rates for the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025:

Taxable-Equivalent Net Interest Income — Changes Due to Volume and Rate(1)

($ In thousands)

Provision for credit losses

The Company recorded a provision for credit losses of $11.2 million in the second quarter of 2026 compared to $11.2 million in the second quarter of 2025. As of June 30, 2026, the allowance for loan losses increased $23.0 million to $218.9 million, or 1.06% of total loans compared to $195.9 million, or 0.97% of total loans as of December 31, 2025.

The following table sets forth the charge-offs and recoveries for the periods indicated:

($ In thousands)

Non-Interest Income

Non-interest income, which includes revenues from depository service fees, letters of credit commissions, securities gains (losses), wealth management fees, and other sources of fee income, was $21.4 million for the second quarter of 2026, an increase of $6.0 million, or 39.0%, compared to $15.4 million for the second quarter of 2025. The increase was primarily due to a $13.0 million increase in net gains from equity securities and a $3.0 million increase in wealth management fees, partially offset by a $10.6 million net loss on the sale of available-for-sale investment securities related to investment securities repositioning activities.

Non-Interest Expense

Non-interest expense was $92.3 million for the second quarter of 2026, an increase of $3.2 million, or 3.6% compared to $89.1 million for the second quarter of 2025. The increase was primarily due to a $3.6 million increase in salaries and employee benefits, a $1.4 million increase in computer and equipment expenses, and a $0.7 million increase in other real estate owned expense, partially offset by a $1.5 million decrease in professional service expense, and a $1.3 million decrease in amortization expense of investments in low-income housing. The efficiency ratio was 41.53% in the second quarter of 2026 compared to 45.34% for the same quarter in 2025.

Income Taxes

The effective tax rate for the second quarter of 2026 was 22.4% compared to 19.6% for the second quarter of 2025. The effective tax rate includes the impact of low-income housing tax credits in 2025.

Year-to-Date Statement of Operations Review

Net Income

Net income for the six months ended June 30, 2026, was $179.1 million, an increase of $32.1 million, or 21.9% compared to net income of $147.0 million for the same period in 2025. Diluted earnings per share for the six months ended June 30, 2026, was $2.66 per share compared to $2.09 per share for the same period in 2025.

Return on average stockholders’ equity was 12.05% and return on average assets was 1.50% for the six months ended June 30, 2026, compared to a return on average stockholders’ equity of 10.28% and a return on average assets of 1.27% for the same period in 2025.

The following table sets forth information concerning average interest-earning assets, average interest-bearing liabilities, and the average yields earned on those assets and rates paid on those liabilities for the six months ended June 30, 2026, and 2025. The average outstanding amounts included in the table are daily averages.

($ In thousands)

29

The following table summarizes the changes in interest income and interest expense attributable to changes in volume and changes in interest rates for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025:

Taxable-Equivalent Net Interest Income — Changes Due to Volume and Rate(1)

($ In thousands)

Balance Sheet Review

Assets

Total assets were $24.65 billion as of June 30, 2026, an increase of $423.2 million, or 1.7%, from $24.23 billion as of December 31, 2025.

Securities Available-for-Sale

The carrying value of our securities available-for-sale (“AFS”) portfolio was $1.68 billion and $1.66 billion as of June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025, respectively. The increase in the AFS securities portfolio was primarily due to a net addition of $82.9 million in treasury securities, partially offset by the amortization of existing securities during the six months ended June 30, 2026. AFS securities represented 6.8% of total assets as of both June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025.

The portfolio continues to be concentrated in U.S. government-backed securities, with more than 90% of the AFS investment portfolio invested in U.S. Treasuries and agency mortgage-backed securities issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac with the remainder held in investment-grade securities. There was no allowance for credit losses provided against the AFS investment securities as of both June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025. Additionally, there were no credit losses recognized in earnings during the six months ended June 30, 2026, and 2025.

The Company actively manages the investment portfolio in the context of asset/liability objectives, interest rate risk, and market conditions. These evaluations may result in changes to portfolio size, composition, or hedging strategies, including adjustments to the mix of securities classified as AFS.

During the quarter, the Company recorded a $10.6 million loss related to its decision to sell certain AFS investment securities as part of a portfolio repositioning initiative designed to improve yield while maintaining the portfolio’s overall duration and credit quality. These securities, with a book value of $160.2 million, were sold in June 2026, resulting in a realized loss of $10.6 million. The AFS portfolio had an effective duration of 2.03 years at June 30, 2026, compared to 1.9 years at December 31, 2025.

Loans

Gross loans held for investment were $20.62 billion at June 30, 2026, an increase of $474.1 million, or 2.4%, from $20.15 billion at December 31, 2025. The increase was primarily due to an increase of $340.4 million, or 10.7%, in commercial loans, an increase of $214.6 million, or 2.0%, in commercial real estate loans, and an increase of $7.8 million, or 3.5%, in equity lines, partially offset by a decrease of $89.2 million, or 26.4% in construction loans.

The loan held for investment balances and composition at June 30, 2026, compared to December 31, 2025, are set forth below:

($ In thousands)

Non-performing Assets

Non-performing assets include loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest, non-accrual loans, and OREO. Our policy is to place loans on non-accrual status if interest and/or principal is past due 90 days or more, or in cases where management deems the full collection of principal and interest unlikely. After a loan is placed on non-accrual status, any previously accrued but unpaid interest is reversed and charged against current income and subsequent payments received are generally first applied towards the outstanding principal balance of the loan. Depending on the circumstances, management may elect to continue the accrual of interest on certain past due loans if partial payment is received and/or the loan is well collateralized and in the process of collection. The loan is generally returned to accrual status when the borrower has brought the past due principal and interest payments current and, in the opinion of management, the borrower has demonstrated the ability to make future payments of principal and interest as scheduled.

Management reviews the loan portfolio regularly to seek to identify problem loans. During the ordinary course of business, management may become aware of borrowers that may not be able to meet the contractual requirements of their loan agreements. Such loans generally are placed under closer supervision with consideration given to placing the loans on non-accrual status, the need for an additional allowance for loan losses, and (if appropriate) partial or full charge-off.

The ratio of non-performing assets to total assets was 0.59% as of June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025. Total non-performing assets increased $1.7 million, or 1.2%, to $145.4 million at June 30, 2026, compared to $143.7 million at December 31, 2025, primarily due to an increase of $3.3 million, or 11.0%, in other real estate owned, partially offset by a decrease of $1.0 million, or 100.0%, in accruing loans past due 90 days or more, and a decrease of $0.7 million, or 0.6%, in non-accrual loans.

As a percentage of gross loans, excluding loans held for sale, plus OREO, non-performing assets were 0.71% as of both June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025. The non-performing loan portfolio coverage ratio, defined as the allowance for credit losses to non-performing loans, increased to 209.33% as of June 30, 2026, from 183.79% as of December 31, 2025.

The following table sets forth the changes in non-performing assets as of June 30, 2026, compared to December 31, 2025, and to June 30, 2025:

($ In thousands)

31

Non-accrual Loans

As of June 30, 2026, total non-accrual loans were $111.7 million, a decrease of $0.7 million, or 0.6%, from $112.4 million at December 31, 2025, and a decrease of $62.5 million, or 35.9%, from $174.2 million at June 30, 2025. The allowance for the collateral-dependent loans is calculated based on the difference between the outstanding loan balance and the value of the collateral as determined by recent appraisals, sales contracts, or other available market price information, less cost to sell. The allowance for collateral-dependent loans varies from loan to loan based on the collateral coverage of the loan at the time of designation as non-performing. We continue to monitor the collateral coverage of these loans, based on recent appraisals, on a quarterly basis and adjust the allowance accordingly.

The following tables set forth the type of properties securing the non-accrual portfolio loans and the type of businesses the borrowers were engaged in as of the dates indicated:

($ In thousands)

($ In thousands)

For non-accrual loans, amounts previously charged-off represented 6.3% and 14.4% of the contractual balances of non-accrual loans as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. As of June 30, 2026, $103.2 million, or 92.4%, of the $111.7 million of non-accrual loans were secured by real estate compared to $90.9 million, or 80.8%, of the $112.4 million of non-accrual loans that were secured by real estate as of December 31, 2025. The Bank generally seeks to obtain current appraisals, sales contracts, or other available market price information to update the factors used in evaluating potential losses.

The allowance for loan losses to non-performing loans was 195.97% as of June 30, 2026, compared to 172.82% as of December 31, 2025. The increase was primarily due to an increase in the allowance for loan losses and a decrease in non-accrual loans.

Loan Interest Reserves

In accordance with customary banking practice, construction loans and land development loans generally are originated with interest disbursed from pre-established interest reserves included in the total original loan commitment. Our construction loans and land development loans generally include optional renewal terms after the maturity of the initial loan term. New appraisals are obtained before extension or renewal of these loans in part to determine the appropriate interest reserve to be established for the new loan term. Loans with interest reserves are generally underwritten to the same criteria, including loan to value and, if applicable, pro forma debt service coverage ratios, as loans without interest reserves. Construction loans with interest reserves are monitored on a periodic basis to gauge progress toward completion. Interest reserves are frozen if it is determined that additional draws would result in a loan to value ratio that exceeds policy maximums based on collateral property type. Our policy limits in this regard are consistent with supervisory limits and range from 50% in the case of land to 85% in the case of one to four family residential construction projects.

As of June 30, 2026, construction loans of $227.5 million were disbursed with pre-established interest reserves of $44.1 million, compared to $225.9 million with pre-established interest reserves of $34.0 million at December 31, 2025. There were no balances on construction loans with pre-established interest reserves that had been extended as of June 30, 2026, compared to a balance of $3.3 million of such loans with pre-established interest reserves of $95 thousand at December 31, 2025. Land loans of $20.4 million were disbursed with pre-established interest reserves of $1.3 million at June 30, 2026, compared to land loans of $15.3 million with pre-established interest reserves of $1.3 million at December 31, 2025. There were no land loans with interest reserves that had been extended as of June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025.

At June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025, the Bank had no loans on non-accrual status with available interest reserves. There were no non-accrual residential construction loans, non-accrual non-residential construction loans, or non-accrual land loans that were originated with pre-established interest reserves as of June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025. While we typically expect loans with interest reserves to be repaid in full according to the original contractual terms, some loans may require one or more extensions beyond the original maturity before full repayment. Typically, these extensions are required due to construction delays, delays in the sale or lease of the property, or some combination of these factors.

Loan Concentration

Most of the Company’s business activities are with clients located in areas with significant Asian populations in Southern and Northern California; New York City, New York; Dallas and Houston, Texas; Seattle, Washington; Boston, Massachusetts; Chicago, Illinois; Edison, New Jersey; Rockville, Maryland; and Las Vegas, Nevada. The Company also has loan clients in Hong Kong. The Company does not have a significant concentration in any single commercial industry section, and our loans generally are collateralized with real property or other pledged collateral of the borrowers. The Company generally expects loans to be paid off from the operating profits of the borrowers, through refinancing by another lender, or through the borrowers' sales of collateral.

The federal banking regulatory agencies issued final guidance on December 6, 2006, regarding risk management practices for financial institutions with high or increasing concentrations of commercial real estate (“CRE”) loans on their balance sheets. The regulatory guidance reiterates the need for sound internal risk management practices for those institutions that have experienced rapid growth in CRE lending, have notable exposure to specific types of CRE, or are approaching or exceeding the supervisory criteria used to evaluate the CRE concentration risk, but the guidance is not to be construed as a limit for CRE exposure. The supervisory criteria are: (1) total reported loans for construction, land development, and other land represent 100% of the institution’s total risk-based capital, and (2) total CRE loans represent 300% or more of the institution’s total risk-based capital, and the institution’s CRE loan portfolio has increased 50% or more within the last thirty-six months. The Bank’s loans for construction, land development, and other land represented 10% of the Bank’s total risk-based capital as of June 30, 2026, and 14% as of December 31, 2025. Total CRE loans represented 277% of total risk-based capital as of June 30, 2026, and 287% as of December 31, 2025, which were within the Bank’s internal limit of 400%, of total capital.

CRE and Construction Loans ("CREC")

The Company’s total CREC loan portfolio is diversified by property type with an average CREC loan size of $2.0 million as of June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025. The following table summarizes the Company’s total CREC loans by property type as of June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025:

($ In thousands)

The weighted-average loan-to-value (“LTV”) ratio of the total CREC loan portfolio was 49% as of June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025. Approximately 86% of total CREC loans had an LTV ratio of 60% or lower as of June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025.

The following tables provide a summary of the Company’s CREC, multifamily residential, and construction and land loans by geography as of June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025. The distribution of the total CREC loan portfolio reflects the Company’s geographical footprint, which is primarily concentrated in California:

($ In thousands)

($ In thousands)

33

California represented 46% of total CREC loans as of both June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025. Changes in California’s economy and real estate values could have a significant impact on the collectability of these loans and the required level of allowance for loan losses.

Commercial Real Estate Loans

The Company focuses on providing financing to experienced real estate investors and developers who have moderate levels of leverage, many of whom are long-time customers of the Bank. CRE loans totaled $7.83 billion as of June 30, 2026, compared to $7.61 billion as of December 31, 2025, and accounted for 38% of total loans held-for-investment, not including loans held for sale, as of June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025. Interest rates on CRE loans may be fixed or variable. As of June 30, 2026, 22% and 39% of our CRE portfolio were variable rate and hybrid loans in their fixed period, respectively. In comparison, as of December 31, 2025, 21% and 40% of our CRE portfolio were variable rate and hybrid loans in their fixed period, respectively. Loans are underwritten with conservative standards for cash flows, debt service coverage and LTV.

Owner-occupied properties comprised 26% of the CRE loans as of June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025. The remainder were non-owner-occupied properties, where 50% or more of the debt service for the loan is typically provided by rental income from an unaffiliated third party.

Commercial-Multifamily Residential Loans

The multifamily residential loan portfolio is largely comprised of loans secured by residential properties with five or more units. Multifamily residential loans totaled $2.88 billion as of June 30, 2026, compared to $2.89 billion as of December 31, 2025, and accounted for 14% of total loans held-for-investment, not including loans held for sale, as of June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025. The Company offers a variety of first lien mortgages, including fixed and variable-rate loans. As of June 30, 2026, 23% and 37% of our multifamily residential loan portfolio were variable rate and hybrid loans in their fixed period, respectively. In comparison, as of December 31, 2025, 24% and 36% of our multifamily residential loan portfolio were variable rate and hybrid loans in their fixed period, respectively.

Commercial-Construction and Land Loans

Construction and land loans provide financing for diversified projects by real estate property type. Construction and land loans totaled $310.4 million as of June 30, 2026, compared to $408.0 million as of December 31, 2025, and accounted for 2% of total loans held-for-investment, not including loans held for sale, as of June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025. Construction loan exposure was made up of $248.4 million in outstanding loans, plus $269.0 million in unfunded commitments as of June 30, 2026, compared to $337.6 million in outstanding loans, plus $235.3 million in unfunded commitments as of December 31, 2025. Land loans totaled $62.0 million as of June 30, 2026, compared to $70.4 million as of December 31, 2025.

Allowance for Credit Losses

The following table sets forth information relating to the allowance for loan losses, charge-offs, recoveries, and the reserve for off-balance sheet credit commitments for the periods indicated:

($ In thousands)

34

The table set forth below reflects management’s allocation of the allowance for loan losses by loan category and the ratio of each loan category to the average gross loans as of the dates indicated:

($ In thousands)

The increase in the ACL was driven primarily by changes in the quantitative component of the reserve in relation to the changes in loan volume. The quantitative reserve increased with strong growth in both the CRE and C&I segments, offset by a decline in the Construction portfolio. In addition, individually assessed reserves increased, largely attributable to a reserve established for a newly completed CRE Multifamily property which sustained damage requiring significant remediation.

The qualitative component of the allowance increased modestly during the quarter, largely reflecting an enhancement to the loan risk rating imprecision methodology to better align the reserve with an expected lifetime loss framework. This increase was partially offset by lower qualitative reserves for certain commercial real estate segments, including Office and Construction, as a softening baseline economic forecast reduced the severity differential with the model’s downside scenario.

The ACL is also influenced by the macroeconomic forecasts used in the Company’s CECL model. The June 30, 2026 estimate incorporated multiple forward‑looking economic scenarios obtained from a reputable third‑party forecaster. These scenarios reflect a range of potential economic outcomes and include a baseline view of expected conditions, along with more optimistic and more adverse alternatives. Management applies judgment in determining how these scenarios are incorporated into the allowance estimate, taking into account prevailing economic uncertainty and risks.

To illustrate the sensitivity of the allowance to changes in economic assumptions, management estimates that applying a 100% weighting to the downside scenario would have increased the ACL by approximately $72.1 million as of June 30, 2026. This analysis is intended to demonstrate the directional impact of more adverse economic conditions and should not be interpreted as a forecast of future allowance levels.

Our methodology, policies and estimates on allowance for credit losses for loans are described in Item 7 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in the 2025 Form 10-K. For more information, please also see Note 5 to the Company’s unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

Deposits

Total deposits were $21.06 billion as of June 30, 2026, an increase of $167.5 million, or 0.8% from $20.89 billion as of December 31, 2025.

The Company calculates its uninsured deposits based on the methodologies and assumptions used for regulatory reporting. Total uninsured deposits were $10.39 billion as of June 30, 2026, an increase of approximately $199.5 million, from $10.19 billion as of December 31, 2025. Excluding $847.3 million in collateralized deposits, the uninsured and uncollateralized deposits of $9.55 billion were 45.3% of total deposits as of June 30, 2026. As of June 30, 2026, our unused borrowing capacity from the Federal Home Loan Bank was $7.05 billion, and our unpledged securities were $1.66 billion. These sources of available liquidity, including cash and short-term investments, were more than 100% of uninsured and uncollateralized deposits as of June 30, 2026.

The following table sets forth the deposit mix as of the dates indicated:

($ In thousands)

35

The following table sets forth the maturity distribution of time deposits as of June 30, 2026:

($ In thousands)

FDIC Special Assessment

In November 2023, the FDIC adopted a final rule implementing a special assessment to recover losses to the Deposit Insurance Fund ("DIF") arising from the systemic risk determination related to the failures of Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank in March 2023. The Company was subject to the special assessment and paid its eighth and final scheduled quarterly assessment during the quarter ended March 31, 2026. As of June 30, 2026, the Company had no remaining accrued liability related to the FDIC special assessment.

In December 2025, the FDIC adopted an interim final rule establishing a process under which institutions subject to the special assessment may receive an offset against future regular deposit insurance assessments if total special assessment collections ultimately exceed losses required to be recovered by the FDIC. The interim final rule also provides for the possibility of an additional one-time shortfall special assessment if ultimate losses exceed amounts collected. As of June 30, 2026, the Company had not recognized any asset related to a potential future offset because the amount and timing of any such offset, if any, are not currently determinable. The Company will continue to monitor future FDIC communications and guidance regarding any additional assessments or offsets.

Off-Balance-Sheet Arrangements and Contractual Obligations

The following table summarizes the Company’s contractual obligations to make future payments as of June 30, 2026. Payments for deposits and borrowings do not include interest. Payments related to leases are based on actual payments specified in the underlying contracts:

($ In thousands)

In the normal course of business, we enter into various transactions, which, in accordance with GAAP, are not included in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. We enter into these transactions to meet the financing needs of our clients. These transactions include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit, which involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk and interest rate risk in excess of the amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Loan Commitments - We enter into contractual commitments to extend credit, normally with fixed expiration dates or termination clauses, at specified rates and for specific purposes. Substantially all of our commitments to extend credit are contingent upon clients maintaining specific credit standards at the time of loan funding. We minimize our exposure to loss under these commitments by subjecting them to credit approval and monitoring procedures. Management assesses the credit risk associated with certain commitments to extend credit in determining the level of the allowance for credit losses.

Standby Letters of Credit - Standby letters of credit are written conditional commitments issued by us to secure the obligations of a client to a third party. In the event the client does not perform in accordance with the terms of an agreement with the third party, we would be required to fund the commitment. The maximum potential amount of future payments we could be required to make is represented by the contractual amount of the commitment. If the commitment is funded, we would be entitled to seek reimbursement from the client. Our policies generally require that standby letter of credit arrangements contain security and debt covenants similar to those contained in loan agreements.

Capital Resources

Total equity was $3.05 billion as of June 30, 2026, an increase of $121.2 million, from $2.93 billion as of December 31, 2025, primarily due to net income of $179.1 million, other comprehensive income of $16.1 million, stock-based compensation of $3.9 million, stock issued to directors of $0.9 million, and proceeds from dividend reinvestment of $1.3 million, offset by common stock cash dividends of $50.9 million, purchase of treasury stock of $26.8 million and shares withheld related to net share settlement of RSUs of $2.4 million.

The following table summarizes changes in total equity for the six months ended June 30, 2026:

($ In thousands)

Capital Adequacy Review

Management seeks to maintain capital at a level sufficient to support future growth, protect depositors and stockholders, and comply with applicable regulatory requirements.

The following tables set forth actual and required capital ratios as of June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025, for Bancorp and the Bank under the Basel III Capital Rules. Capital levels required to be considered well capitalized are based upon prompt corrective action regulations, as amended to reflect the changes under the Basel III Capital Rules. See the 2025 Form 10-K for a more detailed discussion of the Basel III Capital Rules.

($ In thousands)

($ In thousands)

During the three months ended June 30, 2026, the Company’s common equity tier 1 (“CET1”) ratio and total risk based capital ratio benefited, approximately 20 basis points, from a risk-weighted asset optimization analysis associated with certain off-balance sheet commitments for home equity lines of credit.”

As of June 30, 2026, capital levels at Bancorp and the Bank exceed all capital adequacy requirements under the fully phased-in Basel III Capital Rules. Based on the ratios presented above, capital levels as of June 30, 2026, at Bancorp and the Bank exceed the minimum levels necessary to be considered “well capitalized.”

Dividend Policy

Holders of common stock are entitled to dividends as and when declared by our Board of Directors out of funds legally available for the payment of dividends. Although we have historically paid cash dividends on our common stock, we are not required to do so. The Company increased cash dividends per common share from $0.34 to $0.38 during the three months ended March 31, 2026. The amount of future dividends, if any, will depend on our earnings, financial condition, capital requirements and other factors, and will be determined by our Board of Directors. The terms of our Junior Subordinated Notes also limit our ability to pay dividends. If we are not current in our payment of dividends on our Junior Subordinated Notes, we may not pay dividends on our common stock.

The Company declared a cash dividend of $0.38 per share on 66,951,215 shares outstanding on May 28, 2026, for distribution to holders of our common stock on June 9, 2026. The Company paid total cash dividends of $25.4 million in the second quarter of 2026.

Liquidity

Liquidity is our ability to maintain sufficient cash flow to meet maturing financial obligations and client credit needs, and to take advantage of investment opportunities as they are presented in the marketplace. Our principal sources of liquidity are growth in deposits, proceeds from the maturity or sale of securities and other financial instruments, repayments from securities and loans, Federal funds purchased, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, and advances from the FHLB. As of June 30, 2026, our average monthly liquidity ratio (defined as net cash plus short-term and marketable securities to net deposits and short-term liabilities) was 14.2% compared to 14.7% as of December 31, 2025.

The Bank is a shareholder of the FHLB, which enables the Bank to have access to lower-cost FHLB financing when necessary. At June 30, 2026, the Bank had an approved credit line with the FHLB of San Francisco totaling $8.41 billion. There were no outstanding advances from the FHLB of San Francisco and there were $865.9 million in standby letters of credit issued by the FHLB on the Company’s behalf as of June 30, 2026. FHLB advances, if any, bear fixed rates and are secured by the Bank’s loans. See Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. At June 30, 2026, the Bank pledged $1.32 billion of its commercial loans and no securities to the Federal Reserve Bank’s Discount Window under the Borrower-in-Custody program. The Bank had borrowing capacity of $1.22 billion from the Federal Reserve Bank Discount Window at June 30, 2026.

Liquidity can also be provided through the sale of liquid assets, which may consist of federal funds sold, securities purchased under agreements to resell, and securities available-for-sale. At June 30, 2026, investment securities totaled $1.68 billion, with $19.4 million pledged as collateral for borrowings and other commitments. The remaining balance was available as additional liquidity or to be pledged as collateral for additional borrowings.

Approximately 99.7% of our time deposits mature within one year or less as of June 30, 2026. Given the current competitive environment for certificates of deposit and expectations for a relatively stable interest rate environment, management anticipates that certain maturing time deposits may reprice at higher rates. Management also anticipates that a portion of these deposits may run off at maturity due to competitive pressures in the Bnak's market. However, based on our historical runoff experience, we expect such outflow will not be significant and can be replenished through our normal growth in deposits. As of June 30, 2026, management believes all the above-mentioned sources will provide adequate liquidity during the next twelve months for the Bank to meet its operating needs.

The business activities of Bancorp consist primarily of the operation of the Bank and limited activities in other investments. The Bank paid dividends to Bancorp totaling $120.0 million and $105.0 million during the second quarter of 2026 and 2025, respectively.

Critical Accounting Policies

Our most significant accounting policies are described in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025. Certain of these accounting policies require management to use significant judgment and estimates, which can have a material impact on the carrying value of certain assets and liabilities. We consider these policies to be our critical accounting estimates. The judgment and assumptions are based on historical experience, future forecasts, or other factors that management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Because of the nature of the judgment and assumptions, actual results could differ from estimates, which could have a material effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

For additional information regarding critical accounting estimates, see the section titled “Critical Accounting Policies” included in Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025. There have been no material changes in the Company’s application of critical accounting estimates since December 31, 2025.

We use a net interest income simulation model to measure the extent of the differences in the behavior of the lending and funding rates to changing interest rates, to project future earnings or market values under alternative interest rate scenarios. Interest rate risk arises primarily through the Company’s traditional business activities of extending loans and accepting deposits. Many factors, including but not limited to economic, market and financial conditions, movements in interest rates, and consumer preferences, affect the spread between interest earned on assets and interest paid on liabilities. The net interest income simulation model is designed to measure the volatility of net interest income and net portfolio value, defined as net present value of assets and liabilities, under immediate rising or falling interest rate scenarios in 25 basis points increments.

Although the modeling can be helpful in managing interest rate risk, it does require significant assumptions for the projection of loan prepayment rates on mortgage related assets, loan volumes and pricing, and deposit and borrowing volume and pricing, that might prove inaccurate. Because these assumptions are inherently uncertain, the model cannot precisely estimate net interest income, or precisely predict the effect of higher or lower interest rates on net interest income. Actual results will differ from simulated results due to the timing, magnitude, and frequency of interest rate changes, the differences between actual experience and the assumed volume, changes in market conditions, and management strategies, among other factors. The Company monitors its interest rate sensitivity and seeks to reduce the risk of a significant decrease in net interest income caused by a change in interest rates.

We have established a tolerance level in our policy for net interest income volatility when the hypothetical change is plus or minus 100 or 200 basis points or more. When the net interest rate simulation projects that our tolerance level will be met or exceeded, we seek corrective action after considering, among other things, market conditions and the estimated impact on profitability. The table below shows the estimated impact of changes in interest rates on net interest income and market value of equity as of June 30, 2026:

The Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer have evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s “disclosure controls and procedures,” as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report. Based upon their evaluation, the principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports filed or submitted by it under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and include controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in such reports is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

There has not been any change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the second quarter of 2026 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

The Company is not aware of any material change to the risk factors as previously disclosed in Part I, Item 1A, of the Company’s 2025 Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025. In addition to the other information set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, you should carefully consider the risk factors disclosed in Part I, Item 1A, of the Company’s 2025 Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, which could materially and adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations and stock price. The risk factors disclosed in the 2025 Form 10-K are not the only risks facing the Company. Additional risks and uncertainties, including those not presently known to the Company or that the Company presently believes not to be material, could also materially and adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition, and results of operations and stock price.