BT Brands, Inc.: Form 10-Q for the period ended Mar 30, 2025

The following discussion of the financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, and capital resources of BT Brands, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (together, “BT Brands” “we,” “our,” or the “Company”) should be read in conjunction with the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included under Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as well as with the audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Introduction

As of March 30, 2025, including our partially owned Bagger Dave’s business, we own and operate the following sixteen restaurants:

• Seven Burger Time fast-food restaurants (“BTND”);
• Keegan’s Seafood Grille in Indian Rocks Beach, Florida (“Keegan’s”);
• Pie In The Sky Coffee and Bakery in Woods Hole, Massachusetts (“PIE”).
• Schnitzel Haus in Stuart, Florida (“Schnitzel”).
• Unconsolidated affiliate, Bagger Dave’s Burger Tavern, Inc., 40.7% owned, operates six Bagger Dave’s restaurants in Michigan, Ohio, and Indiana (“BD”).

Burger Time opened its first restaurant in Fargo, North Dakota, in 1987. Burger Time restaurants feature grilled hamburgers and other affordable foods such as chicken sandwiches, pulled pork sandwiches, sides, and soft drinks. Burger Time’s operating principles include (i) offering bigger burgers and more value for the money; (ii) offering a limited menu to permit attention to quality and speed of preparation; (iii) providing fast service by way of single and double drive-thru designs and a point-of-sale system that expedites the ordering and preparation process, and (iv) great tasting and quality food made fresh to order at a fair price. Our primary strategy is to serve the drive-thru and take-out segment of the quick-service restaurant industry.

The average customer transaction at our Burger Time restaurants was unchanged in the first quarter of 2025 and is currently approximately $15.00. We have implemented new initiatives for Burger Time in third-party delivery, which generally results in a higher check average, and we expect to contribute to future sales growth. Many factors influence our sales trends. Our business environment is challenging, as competition is intense.

We operate through a central management organization that provides continuity across our restaurant base by utilizing the efficiencies of a central management team.

Notable Recent Events

During the first quarter this year, we closed our Village Bier Garden restaurant in Cocoa, Florida, and our Ham Lake, Minnesota location. In the first quarter of 2024, the two closed locations contributed $507,458 in revenue and recorded an operating loss of approximately $94,000. We entered into an assignment of the Village Bier Garten lease to an unrelated party and are currently assessing alternatives for the Ham Lake location, including the sale of the property, which we believe would result in a gain on the sale of assets.

Material Trends and Uncertainties

Industry trends have a direct impact on our business. Current trends include difficulties attracting food service workers and rapid inflation in the cost of input items. Recent trends also include the rapidly changing area of technology and food delivery. The major companies in the restaurant industry have rapidly adopted and developed smartphone and mobile delivery applications, aggressively expanded drive-through operations, and developed loyalty programs and database marketing supported by a robust technology platform. We expect these trends to continue as restaurants aggressively compete for customers. Competitors will continue to discount prices through aggressive promotions.

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Results of Operations for the Thirteen Weeks Ended March 30, 2025, and the Thirteen Weeks Ended March 31, 2024

The following table sets forth our Condensed Statements of Income and percentages of total sales for the thirteen-week fiscal periods. The percentages below may not reconcile because of rounding.

Sales:

Net sales for the first fiscal quarter of 2025 increased $40,926 to $3,231,073 from $3,190,147 in fiscal 2024. The increase resulted from sales increases at most of our locations, which were offset by the decline of approximately $507,000 resulting from the closing of two locations. Schnitzel Haus, which was acquired in the second quarter of 2024, had sales of approximately $500,000 in the first quarter of 2025, contributing to the overall sales increase.

Restaurant unit sales for Burger Time for the 13 weeks ranged from a low of approximately $121,000 to a high of approximately $295,000. The average sales for each Burger Time unit were approximately $217,000 in 2025, approximately $8,000 above the same period in 2024.

Our various restaurants each experience unique seasonal sales patterns. The first quarter is seasonally slower for BTND and PIE. PIE revenues are significantly higher in the second and third quarters of the year, resulting from tourist traffic in the Cape Cod area. In 2024, approximately 40% of sales occurred during the seasonally strong third quarter. PIE had sales of $451,000 in the first quarter of 2025, a decrease of 2% from the same quarter a year ago.

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Costs of Sales - food and paper:

The cost of sales—food and paper—for the fiscal 2025 period decreased as a percentage of restaurant sales to 37.1% from 40.1% in the first quarter of fiscal 2024. This decrease was the net result of improved margins realized through selective menu price increases, a menu change at BTND to introduce hand-cut fries with a lower food cost component, and cost-cutting steps at all locations, moderating inflationary pressures, including a decline in the cost of several key inputs from a year ago.

Restaurant Operating Costs:

Restaurant operating costs (which refer to all the costs associated with the operation of our restaurants but do not include general and administrative expenses and depreciation and amortization) as a percentage of restaurant sales decreased to 90.2% of sales in the fiscal quarter of 2025 from 100.5% in the similar period of fiscal 2024. The decrease resulted from selective price increases, the introduction of hand-cut fries lowering food costs at BTND, and cost-cutting measures at all locations. These actions, combined with moderate inflation, resulted in a decline in key input costs compared to last year, stabilizing commodity costs, as well as the matters discussed in the “Cost of Sales - food and paper,” “Labor Costs,” and “Occupancy and Other Operating Costs” sections below.

Labor Costs

For the first quarter of fiscal 2025, labor and benefits costs decreased as a percentage of restaurant sales to 37.7% from 43.5% in fiscal 2024. The decrease in the percentage cost resulted from improved labor cost controls at all locations and the impact of the closing of the Village Bier Garten, which had higher labor costs than other locations. Payroll costs are semi-variable, meaning they do not change proportionally to changes in revenue.

Occupancy and Other Operating Expenses

For the first fiscal quarter of 2025, occupancy and other expenses decreased to 9.6% of sales from 10.5% in 2024, reflecting the closing of VBG and the impact of cost reductions at all locations and a sales increase on fixed costs.

Depreciation and Amortization Expense:

For the first fiscal quarter of 2025, depreciation and amortization expenses were $156,395 (4.8% of sales), a slight decrease from the prior year of $160,542 (5.0% of sales). The result is partially caused by a greater portion of BTND assets becoming fully depreciated.

General and Administrative Costs

General and administrative costs in the first fiscal quarter of 2025 were $451,034, a decrease of $3,581 from the previous year’s first quarter of $454,615. General and administrative costs were 14.0% of sales, a decrease from 14.3% in the previous year. The decrease is the result of a concerted cost reduction effort at all locations.

Loss from Operations

The loss from operations for the first quarter of fiscal 2025 was $292,196 compared to a loss of $630,829 in the prior fiscal year, reflecting cost-cutting in virtually all of the Company’s businesses and the items discussed in the “Net Revenues” and “Restaurant Operating Costs” sections above.

Restaurant-level EBITDA

To supplement the condensed consolidated financial statements, which are prepared and presented in accordance with GAAP. The Company uses restaurant-level EBITDA, which is not a measure defined by GAAP. This non-GAAP operating measure is useful to both management and, we believe, investors because it represents one means of gauging the overall profitability of our recurring and controllable core restaurant operations. This measure is not indicative of our overall results, nor does restaurant-level profit accrue directly to the benefit of stockholders, primarily due to the exclusion of corporate-level expenses. Restaurant-level EBITDA should not be considered a substitute or superior to operating income calculated under GAAP. The reconciliations to operating income set forth below should be carefully evaluated.

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We define restaurant-level EBITDA as operating income before pre-opening costs, if any, general and administrative costs, depreciation and amortization, and impairment charges. General and administrative expenses are excluded as they are generally not specifically identifiable as restaurant-specific costs. Depreciation, amortization, and impairment charges are excluded because they are not ongoing controllable cash expenses and are not related to the health of ongoing operations.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Recently, our Burger Time business sales have shown a slight upward trend. On March 30, 2024, the restaurant EBITDA increased significantly from the 2024 performance. We had $3.8 million in cash and marketable securities and net working capital of $3.5 million, a decrease of approximately $66,000 from December 29, 2024.

Unforeseen public health matters may again impact the United States at any time, and recently announced tariffs may impact the economy in the future. It is difficult to predict the United States economy in general, the impact on the quick service drive-through segment of the food service industry, and our operating results and financial condition.

Our primary requirements for liquidity are to fund our working capital needs, capital expenditures, and general corporate needs, as well as to invest in or acquire businesses. Our operations do not require significant working capital, and, like many restaurant companies, we generally operate with negative working capital. We anticipate that working capital deficits may be incurred and possibly increase. Our primary liquidity and cash flow sources are operating cash flows and cash on hand. We use this to service debt, maintain our stores operating efficiently, and increase our working capital. Our working capital position benefits from the fact that we collect cash from sales from our customers at the point of purchase or within a few days from our credit card processor; generally, payments to our vendors are not due for thirty days.

Summary of Cash Flows

Cash Flows Provided by Operating Activities

Operating cash flow for the thirteen weeks ending March 30, 2025, was a negative $306,739. Seasonal patterns in our business impacted cash flow in the first quarter.

Cash Flows Used in Investing Activities

We have continued to make improvements in our existing businesses and to seek acquisitions in the food service and related industries.

Cash Flows Used in Financing Activities

A significant portion of our cash flow used in financing activities is allocated to service our debt.

Contractual Obligations

As of March 30, 2025, we had $3.7 million in contractual obligations, including $2.2 million relating to amounts due under mortgages on the real property where our stores are situated, including $1.5 million in operating lease obligations related to our recent acquisitions. Our monthly required payments on lease and mortgage obligations are approximately $36,000.

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As a smaller reporting company, as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and Item 10(f)(1) of Regulation S-K, we have elected to comply with certain scaled disclosure reporting obligations and are not required to provide the information required by this item.

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

(1) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain a set of disclosure controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we filed under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the periods specified by the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls are also designed to ensure that this information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

As of March 30, 2025, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15(b) promulgated under the Exchange Act. Based upon that evaluation and the material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting as disclosed in the Company’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 29, 2024, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of March 30, 2025, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective at a reasonable assurance level in ensuring that material information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the periods specified in the rules, regulations, and forms of the SEC, including ensuring that such material information is accumulated by and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

(2) Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

In addition to the matters discussed previously, the Company is considering utilizing outside consultants as an extension of management, potentially to assist in the accounting for significant acquisitions. So far in fiscal 2025, the Company has not completed any acquisitions. Except for the items described above, there were no other changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during our most recently completed fiscal quarter, which ended March 30, 2025, that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.

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We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and are not required to provide the information required under this item.