BWX Technologies, Inc.: Form 10-K for the period ended Dec 31, 2024

General

BWX Technologies, Inc. is a specialty manufacturer of nuclear components, a developer of nuclear technologies and a service provider with an operating history of more than 100 years. Our core businesses focus on the design, engineering and manufacture of precision naval nuclear components, reactors and nuclear fuel for the U.S. Government. We also provide special nuclear materials processing, environmental site restoration services, products and services to customers in the nuclear power industry, critical medical radioisotopes and radiopharmaceuticals and other advanced nuclear technologies. While we provide a wide range of products and services, our business segments are heavily focused on major projects. At any given time, a relatively small number of projects can represent a significant part of our operations.

Business Segments

We operate in two reportable segments: Government Operations and Commercial Operations. For financial information regarding each of our segments and financial information regarding geographic areas, see Note 15 and Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Report. For further details regarding each segment's facilities, see Item 2 of this Report. In general, we operate in capital-intensive industries and rely on large contracts for a substantial amount of our revenues. We are currently exploring growth strategies across our segments through strategic investments and acquisitions to expand and complement our existing businesses. We would expect to fund these opportunities with cash generated from operations or by raising additional capital through debt, equity or some combination thereof.

Government Operations

Through this segment, we engineer, design and manufacture precision naval nuclear components, reactors and nuclear fuel for the U.S. Department of Energy ("DOE")/National Nuclear Security Administration's ("NNSA") Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program. In addition, we supply proprietary and sole-source valves, manifolds and fittings to global naval and commercial shipping customers.

Our Government Operations segment specializes in the design and manufacture of close-tolerance and high-quality equipment for nuclear applications. In addition, we are a leading manufacturer of critical nuclear components, fuels and assemblies for government and limited other uses. We have supplied nuclear components for DOE programs since the 1950s and are the largest domestic supplier of research reactor fuel elements for colleges, universities and national laboratories. We also downblend Cold War-era government stockpiles of high-enriched uranium. In addition, we have over 100 years of experience in supplying components for defense applications.

We work closely with the DOE-supported nuclear non-proliferation program. Currently, this program is assisting in the development of a high-density, low-enriched uranium fuel required for high-enriched uranium test reactor conversions. We have also been a leader in the receipt, storage, characterization, dissolution, recovery and purification of a variety of uranium-bearing materials. All phases of uranium downblending and uranium recovery are performed at our Lynchburg, Virginia and Erwin, Tennessee sites.

The demand for nuclear components by the U.S. Government determines a substantial portion of this segment's backlog. We expect that orders for nuclear components will continue to be a significant part of backlog for the foreseeable future. In March 2024, the U.S. Navy issued its 30-year shipbuilding plan containing three alternative procurement profiles based upon varied funding assumptions. All three indicate growth in the total number of ships and a sustained, or increased, procurement profile for nuclear-powered submarines and aircraft carriers. We plan to make additional capital expenditures and investments in personnel to meet the current demand requirements, and we expect to continue making such expenditures and investments in the future.

This segment also provides various services to the U.S. Government by managing and operating high-consequence operations at U.S. nuclear weapons sites, national laboratories and manufacturing complexes. The revenues and equity in income of investees under these types of contracts are largely a function of spending by the U.S. Government and the performance scores we and our consortium partners earn in managing and operating these sites. With our specialized capabilities of full life-cycle management of special materials, facilities and technologies, we believe that we are well-positioned to continue participating in the ongoing cleanup, operation and management of critical government-owned nuclear sites, laboratories and manufacturing complexes maintained by the DOE, NASA and other federal agencies.

The Government Operations segment is also a leader in the development of advanced nuclear reactors for a variety of power and propulsion applications in the space and terrestrial domains. U.S. Government customers for these applications include NASA, the U.S. Department of Defense ("DoD") and the DOE. We offer complete advanced nuclear fuel and reactor design and engineering, licensing and manufacturing services for these programs.

Commercial Operations

Through this segment, we design and manufacture commercial nuclear steam generators, heat exchangers, pressure vessels, reactor components and other auxiliary equipment, including containers for the storage of spent nuclear fuel and other high-level nuclear waste. We have supplied the nuclear industry with more than 1,300 large, heavy components worldwide and are the only commercial heavy nuclear component manufacturer in North America. This segment is also a leading supplier of nuclear fuel, fuel handling systems, tooling delivery systems, nuclear-grade materials and precisely machined components, and related services for CANDU nuclear power plants. This segment also provides a variety of engineering and in-plant services and is a significant supplier to nuclear power utilities undergoing major refurbishment and plant life extension projects. Our in-depth knowledge comes from over 50 years of experience in the design, manufacturing, commissioning and service of nuclear power generation equipment.

Our Commercial Operations segment specializes in performing full-scope, prototype design work coupled with manufacturing integration. This segment's capabilities include:

• steam generation and separation equipment design and development;
• thermal-hydraulic design of reactor plant components;
• in-plant inspection, maintenance and modification services;
• nuclear component modification and replacement;
• commercial nuclear fuel design and manufacturing;
• nuclear fuel handling system design, manufacturing, delivery, installation and commissioning;
• containers for the storage of spent nuclear fuel and other high-level waste;
• structural and thermal-hydraulic design and vibration analysis for heat exchangers;
• structural component design for precision manufacturing;
• materials expertise in high-strength, low-alloy steels and nickel-based materials;
• material procurement of tubing, forgings and weld wire; and
• metallographic and chemical analysis.

This segment also manufactures and supplies products for diagnostic imaging and radiotherapeutic treatments and is a partner for contract development and manufacturing services for life science and pharmaceutical companies. Among its offerings are the manufacture of medical radioisotopes, radiopharmaceuticals and medical devices, as well as partnerships with life science and pharmaceutical companies developing new drugs.

Our Commercial Operations segment's overall activity primarily depends on the demand and competitiveness of nuclear energy and the demand for critical medical radioisotopes and radiopharmaceuticals. A significant portion of our Commercial Operations segment's operations depends on the timing of maintenance outages and the cyclical nature of capital expenditures and major refurbishments for nuclear utility customers, principally in the Canadian market, which could cause variability in our financial results.

Acquisitions

Aerojet Ordnance Tennessee, Inc.

On November 4, 2024, we announced our intention to acquire Aerojet Ordnance Tennessee, Inc. ("A.O.T"), a subsidiary of L3Harris Technologies, Inc. This acquisition was subsequently completed on January 3, 2025. A.O.T is a leading provider of advanced special materials which will further enhance our capabilities to develop and manufacture advanced materials and products for commercial, military and space applications. A.O.T. will be reported as part of our Government Operations segment.

Kinectrics, Inc.

On December 27, 2024, we entered into an agreement to acquire Kinectrics Holdings, Inc., the parent company of Kinectrics, Inc. ("Kinectrics"). Kinectrics is a leader in providing lifecycle management services for the global nuclear power and transmission and distribution markets, and in the production and supply of isotopes for the radiopharmaceutical industry. Kinectrics employs over 1,300 employees located across 20 sites worldwide. This acquisition is targeted to close in the middle of 2025, following necessary regulatory and other approvals. Once completed, Kinectrics will be reported as part of our Commercial Operations segment.

See Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Report for additional information about our recent acquisition activity.

Contracts

We execute our contracts through a variety of methods, including fixed-price incentive fee, cost-plus, cost-reimbursable, firm fixed-price or some combination of these methods. We generally recognize our contract revenues and related costs on an over time basis. Accordingly, we review contract price and cost estimates regularly as the work progresses and reflect adjustments in profit proportionate to the percentage of completion in the period when we revise those estimates. To the extent that these adjustments result in a reduction or an elimination of previously reported profits with respect to a project, we would recognize a charge against current earnings, which could be material.

We have contracts that extend beyond one year. Most of our long-term contracts have provisions for progress payments. We attempt to cover anticipated increases in labor, material and service costs of our long-term contracts either through an estimate of such changes, which is reflected in the original price, or through risk-sharing mechanisms, such as escalation or price adjustments for items including labor and material prices.

In the event of a contract deferral or cancellation, we generally would be entitled to recover costs incurred, settlement expenses and profit on work completed prior to deferral or cancellation. Significant or numerous contract deferrals or cancellations could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Government Operations

The majority of the revenue generated by this segment is from long-term contracts with the DOE/NNSA's Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program. Unless otherwise specified in a contract, allowable and allocable costs are billed to contracts with the U.S. Government in accordance with the Federal Acquisition Regulation (the "FAR") and the related U.S. Government Cost Accounting Standards ("CAS"). Examples of costs that may be incurred by us and not billable to the U.S. Government in accordance with the requirements of the FAR and CAS regulations include, but are not limited to, unallowable employee compensation and benefit costs, lobbying costs, interest, certain legal costs and charitable donations.

Most of our contracts in this segment are fixed-price incentive fee contracts that provide for reimbursement of allowable costs incurred plus a fee and generally require that we use our best efforts to accomplish the scope of the work within some specified time and stated dollar limitation. Fees can be established in terms of dollar value or percentage of costs. Award and incentive fees are determined and earned based on customer evaluation of our performance against negotiated criteria, primarily related to cost, and are intended to provide motivation for excellence in contract performance. Incentive fees that are based on cost provide for an initially negotiated fee to be adjusted later, typically using a formula to measure performance against the associated criteria, based on the relationship of total allowable costs to total target costs. Award and incentive fees represent variable consideration that we include in revenue when there is sufficient evidence to determine that the variable consideration is not constrained.

Certain of our U.S. Government contracts span one or more base years and multiple option years. The U.S. Government generally has the right not to exercise option periods and may not exercise an option period for various reasons including, but not limited to, annual funding determinations. In addition, contracts between the U.S. Government and its prime contractors usually contain standard provisions for termination at the convenience of the U.S. Government or the prime contractor. As a U.S. Government contractor, we are subject to federal regulations under which our right to receive future awards of new federal contracts would be unilaterally suspended or barred if we were convicted of a crime or indicted based on allegations of a violation of specific federal statutes. In addition, some of our contracts with the U.S. Government require us to provide advance notice in connection with any contemplated sale or shut down of the relevant facility. In each of these situations, the U.S. Government has an exclusive right to negotiate a mutually acceptable purchase of the facility.

Our Government Operations segment also enters into contracts that include the management and operation of nuclear production facilities, environmental management sites and the management of spent nuclear fuel and transuranic waste for the U.S. Government, primarily the DOE. These activities are primarily accomplished through our participation in joint ventures with other contractors as further discussed under the caption "Joint Ventures" below. The contracts for the management and operation of U.S. Government facilities are awarded through a complex and protracted procurement process. These contracts are generally structured as five-year contracts with options for up to five additional years, which are exercisable by the customer, or include provisions whereby the contract durations can be extended as a result of the achievement of certain performance metrics. These are generally cost-reimbursable contracts that include an award fee that is primarily based on annual performance, with periodic provisional fee payments and annual true-up payments. Depending on the type of contract, the contractor may be required to supply working capital, which is reimbursed by the U.S. Government through regular invoicing.

This segment also serves customers of our advanced technology platforms primarily through contracts that are awarded following a competitive bid process, primarily in the early design and development phases of the underlying program. Most of our contracts in this area are cost-plus which reduces our overall risk as the underlying projects increase in scale.

Commercial Operations

Contracts in this segment are usually awarded through a competitive bid process. Factors that customers may consider include price, plant or equipment availability, technical capabilities of equipment and personnel, efficiency, safety record and reputation. Certain of these contracts are fixed-price contracts in which the specified scope of work is agreed to for a pre-determined price that is generally not subject to adjustment, regardless of costs incurred by the contractor, unless changes in scope are authorized by the customer. Fixed-price contracts entail more risk to us because they require us to predetermine both the quantities of work to be performed and the costs associated with executing the work. Remaining contracts are primarily time-and-materials contracts, under which the customer pays a fixed hourly rate for direct labor and generally reimburses us for the cost of materials. Our profit may vary under time-and-materials contracts if actual labor-hour rates vary significantly from the negotiated rates. Additionally, because time-and-materials contracts can provide little or no fee for managing material costs, the content mix can have an impact on profitability.

Our arrangements with customers may require us to provide letters of credit, bid and performance bonds or guarantees to secure bids or performance under contracts, which may involve significant amounts for contract security.

Backlog

Backlog represents the dollar amount of revenue we expect to recognize in the future from contracts awarded and in progress. Not all of our expected revenue from a contract award is recorded in backlog for a variety of reasons, including that some projects are awarded and completed within the same reporting period.

Our backlog is equal to our remaining performance obligations under contracts that meet the criteria in Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Topic Revenue from Contracts with Customers, as discussed in Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Report. It is possible that our methodology for determining backlog may not be comparable to methods used by other companies.

We are subject to the budgetary and appropriations cycle of the U.S. Government as it relates to our Government Operations segment. Backlog may not be indicative of future operating results, and projects in our backlog may be cancelled, modified or otherwise altered by customers.

Our backlog at December 31, 2024 and 2023 was as follows:

We do not include the value of our unconsolidated joint venture contracts in backlog. These unconsolidated joint ventures are included in our Government Operations segment. See Note 4 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Report for financial information on our equity method investments.

At December 31, 2024, our ending backlog was $4,842.5 million, which included $387.4 million of unfunded backlog related to U.S. Government contracts. We expect to recognize approximately 48% of the revenue associated with our backlog by the end of 2025, with the remainder to be recognized thereafter.

Major new awards from the U.S. Government are typically received following Congressional approval of appropriations for the U.S. Government's next fiscal year, which starts October 1, and may not be awarded to us before the end of the calendar year. Due to the fact that most contracts awarded by the U.S. Government are subject to these annual funding approvals, the total values of the underlying programs are significantly larger.

Competition

The competitive environments in which each segment operates are described below.

Government Operations

We have specialized technical capabilities that have allowed us to be a valued supplier of nuclear components and fuel for the U.S. Government's naval nuclear fleet since the 1950s. Because of the technical and regulatory standards required to meet U.S. Government contracting requirements for nuclear components and fuel and the barriers to entry present in this type of environment, competition is limited. The primary bases of limited competition are price, high capital investment, technical capabilities, high regulatory licensing costs and quality of products and services. In addition, significant portions of the designs, processing and final product are classified by the U.S. Government, requiring applicable personnel to obtain and maintain U.S. Government security clearances.

This segment also engages in the management and operation of U.S. Government facilities and the delivery of environmental remediation services (decontamination and decommissioning) associated with U.S. Government-owned nuclear facilities. Many of our government contracts in this area are bid as a joint venture with one or more companies, in which we have a majority or a minority position. The performance of our joint venture partners can impact our reputation and our future competitive position with respect to that particular project and customer. Our primary competitors in the delivery of goods and services to the U.S. Government and the operation of U.S. Government facilities include, but are not limited to, Bechtel National, Inc., Amentum Environment & Energy, Inc., Fluor Corporation, Jacobs Engineering Group, Inc., Northrop Grumman Corporation, Huntington Ingalls Industries, Inc., Honeywell International, Inc., Leidos, Inc., Westinghouse Electric Corporation and AtkinsRéalis. The primary bases of competition for this segment are experience, past performance, availability of key personnel and technical capabilities.

Commercial Operations

Our Commercial Operations segment supplies heavy nuclear components, specialized engineering and maintenance services, nuclear fuel, fuel handling systems and tooling delivery systems for CANDU reactors. This segment competes with a number of companies specializing in nuclear capabilities including, but not limited to, Framatome, Cameco Corporation, Doosan Heavy Industries & Construction Co., Ltd., E.S. Fox Limited, AECON Group Inc., Bechtel National, Inc., Westinghouse Electric Corporation and AtkinsRéalis. The primary bases of competition for this segment are price, technical capabilities, quality, timeliness of performance, breadth of products and services and willingness to accept project risks.

This segment also manufactures medical radioisotopes, radiopharmaceuticals and medical devices, and partners with life science and pharmaceutical companies developing new drugs. This segment competes with a number of nuclear medicine companies which include, but are not limited to, Curium Pharma, Lantheus Holdings, Inc. and Jubilant DraxImage Inc. The primary bases of competition in this area are quality, distribution capabilities, price and reliability.

Joint Ventures

We share in the ownership of a variety of entities with third parties, primarily through corporations, limited liability companies and partnerships, which we refer to as "joint ventures." Through these joint venture arrangements, our Government Operations segment primarily manages and operates nuclear facilities and associated plant infrastructure, constructs large capital facilities, provides safeguards and security for inventory and assets, supports and conducts research and development for advanced energy technology and manages environmental programs for the DOE, the NNSA and NASA. We generally account for our investments in joint ventures under the equity method of accounting. Certain of our Government Operations segment unconsolidated joint ventures are described below.

• Los Alamos Legacy Cleanup Contract. Newport News Nuclear BWXT – Los Alamos, LLC, a limited liability company formed by Stoller Newport News Nuclear, Inc., a subsidiary of Huntington Ingalls Industries, Inc.'s Technical Solutions division, and BWXT Technical Services Group, Inc. ("BWXT TSG"), was awarded a contract to perform environmental monitoring and remediation, waste management and disposition, and decontamination and decommissioning at the Los Alamos National Laboratory site and surrounding private and government-owned lands.
• Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, a limited liability company formed by the University of California, Bechtel National, Inc., Amentum Environment & Energy, Inc. and BWXT Government Group, Inc., manages and operates Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory located in Livermore, California. The laboratory serves as a national resource in science and engineering, focused on national security, energy, the environment and bioscience, with special responsibility for nuclear devices.
• Savannah River Integrated Mission Completion Contract. Savannah River Mission Completion, LLC, a limited liability company formed by BWXT TSG, Amentum Environment & Energy, Inc. and Fluor Federal Services, Inc. was awarded a contract to receive, store, treat and dispose of radioactive liquid waste for the DOE at the Savannah River Site located in Aiken, South Carolina.
• Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant D&D. Fluor-BWXT Portsmouth LLC is a limited liability company formed by Fluor Federal Services, Inc. and BWXT TSG to provide nuclear operations, decontamination and decommissioning services at the Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant in Portsmouth, Ohio. A follow-on contract was awarded by the DOE to another contractor and transition is expected to occur during 2025.
• West Valley Demonstration Project Phase I Decommissioning and Facility Disposition. CH2M Hill-BWXT West Valley, LLC is a limited liability company formed by Amentum Environment & Energy, Inc. (formerly CH2M Hill Constructors, Inc.), BWXT TSG and Environmental Chemical Corporation. Services provided include project management and support services, site operations, maintenance, utilities, high-level waste canister relocation, facility disposition, waste tank farm management, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission ("NRC") licensed disposal area management, waste management and nuclear materials disposition, and safeguards and security.
• West Valley Demonstration Project Phase 1B. West Valley Cleanup Alliance, LLC is a limited liability company formed by BWXT TSG, Jacobs Technology, Inc. and Geosyntec Consultants, Inc. to achieve significant risk and financial liability reduction and provide the best overall optimal solution for accelerated completion and closure of the site near West Valley, New York. The Phase 1B contract begins in June 2025 and will continue the current cleanup mission and will include the demolition of remaining components of the main plant process building, soil remediation and disposition, waste management and disposition, environmental monitoring, surveillance and maintenance and program support activities.
• Synergy Achieving Consolidated Operations & Maintenance (SACOM). Syncom Space Services, LLC is a limited liability company formed by PAE Applied Technologies, LLC (acquired by Amentum in 2022) and BWXT Nuclear Operations Group, Inc. to provide facility operations and maintenance services for institutional and technical facilities, and perform test and manufacturing support services at two NASA facilities – the Stennis Space Center in Hancock County, Mississippi and the Michoud Assembly Facility in New Orleans, Louisiana. A reduced scope, follow-on contract was awarded by NASA to another contractor in 2024 and transition is expected to occur during 2025.
• Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant Deactivation and Remediation Project. Four Rivers Nuclear Partnership, LLC is a limited liability company formed by Amentum Environment & Energy, Inc. (formerly CH2M Hill Constructors, Inc.), BWXT TSG and Fluor Federal Services, Inc. to provide nuclear operations, deactivation and remediation services at the Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant in Paducah, Kentucky.
• Pantex Plant. PanTeXas Deterrence, LLC is a limited liability company formed by BWXT TSG, Fluor Federal Services, Inc, SOC LLC and The Texas A&M University System to provide nuclear production operations services, long-term plant modernization and capability enhancement/stewardship along with other required services to support the NNSA and broader national security requirements assigned to the Pantex Plant near Amarillo, Texas.
• Hanford Integrated Tank Disposition Contract. Hanford Tank Waste Operations & Closure, LLC is a limited liability company formed by BWXT TSG, Amentum Environment & Energy, Inc. and Fluor Federal Services, Inc. to achieve significant risk and financial liability reduction through accelerated cleanup of high-risk waste at the DOE-owned Hanford Tank Farms near Richland, Washington.

Customers

We provide our products and services to a diverse customer base, including the U.S. Government, utilities and other customers in the nuclear power and radiopharmaceutical industries. Our largest and primary customer of our Government Operations segment is the U.S. Government. During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the U.S. Government represented approximately 76%, 75% and 76% of our total consolidated revenues, respectively. No individual non-U.S. Government customer accounted for more than 10% of our consolidated revenues in the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 or 2022.

Raw Materials and Suppliers

Our operations use raw materials, such as carbon and alloy steels in various forms and components and accessories for assembly, which are available from numerous sources. We generally purchase these raw materials and components as needed for individual contracts. Although shortages of some raw materials have existed occasionally, no serious shortage exists at the present time.

Our Government Operations and Commercial Operations segments rely on a limited number of suppliers, including single-source suppliers, for certain materials used in our products; however, we believe the suppliers of these materials are reliable. Additionally, we and the U.S. Government expend significant effort to monitor and maintain the supplier base for our Government Operations segment.

Human Capital Management

People Strong, Innovation Driven

Our employees are responsible for providing safe and effective nuclear solutions for global security, clean energy, environmental restoration, nuclear medicine and space exploration. We encourage innovation to develop new technologies, improve our products and open new markets.

Our goal is to be the employer of choice within our industry and the communities in which we operate. We focus on maintaining a solid pipeline of talent throughout our organization and developing the capabilities and skills in our workforce needed for the future of our business. We strive to maintain a highly-skilled and diverse workforce where employees are recruited, compensated, retained and promoted based on their performance and contribution to the Company.

Employees

At December 31, 2024, we employed approximately 8,700 persons worldwide, predominantly in the U.S. (6,800 employees) and Canada (1,900 employees). Many of our operations are subject to union contracts, which we negotiate periodically. At December 31, 2024, approximately 2,300 of our employees were members of labor unions. We consider our relationships with our employees to be satisfactory.

Employee Compensation and Benefits

Our compensation plans are designed to reward our employees for achieving and exceeding objectives that create long-term value for shareholders. The success and growth of our business is attributable to our ability to attract, develop, engage and retain talented and high-performing employees at all levels in our Company. Our compensation programs are further designed to ensure we remain competitive relative to the markets in which we operate; provide meaningful value to employees and those they care for; incentivize the short- and long-term success of BWXT and its stakeholders through programs with consistent performance measures throughout the organization; and recognize employees who make outstanding contributions to the organization.

Providing comprehensive, competitive, and affordable retirement, healthcare, income protection and other benefits is also central to our attraction and retention strategy. We offer health benefits which include various medical/pharmacy plan options, health savings accounts for those in high deductible health plans, and flexible spending accounts for both health care and dependent care are also available to employees, where applicable. Our income protection plans provide coverage for employees in the event of an unexpected illness or injury. We also offer retirement, investment, and tax savings/deferral opportunities to our employees.

Employee Development

The professional development of our employees is critical to our success. We offer online and in-person professional development and training, as well as mentoring programs, to enhance the knowledge, skills and advancement opportunities for our employees. To further our employee development goals, we partner with a number of educational institutions for accredited, vocational and technical upskilling programs. We provide tuition reimbursement to employees pursuing job-related, career enhancing courses and provide full tuition grants for the completion of undergraduate and graduate degree programs through an accredited university partner. For employees identified with high potential for promotion to leadership roles, we routinely offer leadership development programs focused on preparing future leaders for their next career steps.

We established the BWXT Technical Fellows program which honors and celebrates some of our most talented employees for their contributions to driving innovation and inspiring creativity. Our Technical Fellows offer a breadth of knowledge and diversity of technical expertise that can be focused on developing creative solutions to numerous challenges we face in our industry.

Diversity and Inclusion

We value the diversity of our employees and are committed to providing an engaging and inclusive atmosphere for all that promotes productivity and encourages creativity and innovation. We maintain a Diversity and Inclusion ("D&I") Committee comprised of a rotating group of employees representing various job functions, levels and backgrounds. The D&I Committee works to identify and implement changes to promote awareness and foster a culture of diversity and inclusion throughout the workforce. In addition, we participate in numerous conferences and career fairs each year that focus on diversity, including those hosted by the National Society of Black Engineers and the Society of Women Engineers.

Health and Safety

The safety of our employees is critical to our success as a specialty manufacturer of nuclear fuel, nuclear components, nuclear medicine products and an operator of high-consequence nuclear and national security facilities for the U.S. Government. As such, we are committed to maintaining the highest safety, security, ethical and environmental standards. We maintain comprehensive safety programs focused on identifying risks and eliminating hazards that could lead to personnel injuries or environmental impacts. We provide our employees upfront and ongoing training to ensure that environmental, health and safety policies and procedures are effectively communicated and implemented.

We operate NRC Category 1 and Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission ("CNSC") licensed facilities and have instilled as a core value a culture that prioritizes safety with a vision of zero injuries and incidents at all of our work locations. In pursuit of an injury-free workplace, we constantly monitor and assess all injuries and "near misses" for any lessons we can learn and leverage to reduce the risk inherent in occupational activities. In addition to providing regular safety training to our employees, we routinely conduct safety culture surveys to identify employee concerns. We use this information to further improve our safety culture and programs in an effort to prevent future occupational and environmental incidents.

Ethics and Integrity

We believe that maintaining a work environment that recognizes effort and teamwork, values mutual respect and open communication, and demonstrates care and concern for our employees' well-being is essential to retaining an engaged and productive workforce. Our Code of Business Conduct ("Code") establishes the principles and standards that we expect our employees to follow. Each officer, director and employee is required to use good ethical judgment when conducting business; be respectful of colleagues, business partners, customers and others in their interactions; and comply with applicable laws, rules, and regulations. The Code describes what is appropriate behavior and guides ethical business decisions that maintain a commitment to integrity. In furtherance of this objective, we provide regular training on the Code for our employees to identify and prevent misconduct, and the Code requires that employees report situations that violate our policies and/or negatively impact our work environment. In addition, we maintain the BWXT Ethics Helpline to allow employees to report any concerns relating to ethics or other concerns confidentially and, if they choose, anonymously. We investigate and take prompt action to correct conduct that is inconsistent with our Code and other policies.

Patents and Technology Licenses

We currently hold a large number of U.S. and foreign patents and have patent applications pending in certain technologies, including nuclear reactor systems, components and fuel, advanced and additive manufacturing, space nuclear propulsion, and radioisotope production. We acquire patents and technology licenses and grant licenses to others when we consider it advantageous for us to do so. Although in the aggregate our patents and technology licenses are important to us, we do not regard any single patent or license or group of related patents or licenses as critical or essential to our business as a whole. In general, we depend on our technological capabilities and the application of know-how, rather than patents and technology licenses, in the conduct of our various businesses.

Research and Development Activities

Our research and development activities are related to the development and improvement of new and existing products and equipment, as well as conceptual and engineering evaluation for translation into practical applications. These activities include the development of isotope production, medical radiochemical and radiopharmaceutical production and a variety of advanced technologies in the areas of additive and autonomous manufacturing, space nuclear power and propulsion, and high-temperature gas-cooled reactors, among others. These projects are sponsored and funded through internal research and development and by a number of commercial and government customers.

We charge the costs of research and development unrelated to specific contracts as incurred. Excluding customer-sponsored research and development, the majority of our activities in this area for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 related to the development of technologies in the area of medical and industrial radioisotopes, radiopharmaceuticals, additive and autonomous manufacturing, advanced reactors and nuclear fuel. Contractual arrangements for customer-sponsored research and development can vary and include contracts, cost-sharing arrangements, cooperative agreements and grants.

See Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Report for further information on research and development.

Hazard Risks and Insurance

Our operations present risks of injury to or death of people, loss of or damage to property and damage to the environment. We have created loss control systems and processes to assist us in the identification and treatment of the hazard risks presented by our operations, and we endeavor to make sure these systems are effective.

As loss control measures will not always be successful, we seek to establish various means of funding losses and transferring financial liability related to incidents or occurrences. We primarily seek to do this through contractual protections, including waivers of consequential damages, indemnities, caps on liability, liquidated damages provisions and access to the insurance of other parties. We also procure insurance, operate our own captive insurance company and establish funded and/or unfunded reserves. However, none of these methods will eliminate all risks.

Depending on competitive conditions, the nature of the work, industry custom and other factors, we may not be successful in obtaining adequate contractual protection from our customers and other parties against losses and liabilities arising out of or related to the performance of our work. The scope of the protection may be limited, may be subject to conditions and may not be supported by adequate insurance or other means of risk financing. In addition, we may have difficulty enforcing our contractual rights with others following a material loss.

Similarly, insurance for certain potential losses or liabilities may not be available or may only be available at a cost or on terms we consider not to be economical. Insurers frequently react to market losses by ceasing to write or severely limiting coverage for certain exposures. Risks that we have frequently found difficult to cost-effectively insure against include, but are not limited to, property losses from wind, flood and earthquake events, nuclear hazards, war, pollution liability (including per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances), liabilities related to occupational health exposures (including asbestos), professional liability, errors and omissions coverage, the failure, misuse or unavailability of our information and/or operational technology systems, the failure of security measures designed to protect our information technology systems from security breaches and liability related to risk of loss of our work in progress and customer-owned materials in our care, custody and control. In cases where we purchase insurance, we are subject to the creditworthiness of the relevant insurer(s), the available limits of the coverage, our retention under the relevant policy, exclusions in the policy and gaps in coverage.

Our operations in designing, engineering, manufacturing, constructing and servicing nuclear power equipment and components for our commercial nuclear utility customers subject us to various risks, including, without limitation, damage to our customers' property and third-party claims for personal injury, environmental liability, death and property damage. To protect against liability for damage to a customer's property, we endeavor to obtain waivers of liability and subrogation from the customer and its insurer. We also attempt to cap our overall liability in our contracts. To protect against liability from claims brought by third parties in the U.S., we seek to be insured under the utility customer's nuclear liability policies and have the benefit of the indemnity and limitation of any applicable liability provision of the Price-Anderson Act. The Price-Anderson Act limits the public liability of U.S. manufacturers and operators of licensed nuclear facilities and other parties who may be liable in respect of, and indemnifies them against, all claims in excess of a statutory amount. This amount is determined by the sum of commercially available liability insurance plus certain retrospective premium assessments payable by operators of commercial nuclear reactors. For those sites where we provide environmental remediation services, we seek the same protection from our customers as we do for our other nuclear activities. Contracts that were entered into during a period of time that the Price-Anderson Act was in full force and effect continue to receive the benefit of the Price-Anderson Act's nuclear indemnity. The Price-Anderson Act is set to expire on December 31, 2065. We also provide nuclear fabrication and other services to the nuclear power industry in Canada. Canada's Nuclear Liability and Compensation Act ("NLCA") generally conforms to international conventions and is conceptually similar to the Price-Anderson Act in the U.S. Accordingly, indemnification protections and the possibility of exclusions under Canada's NLCA are similar to those under the Price-Anderson Act in the U.S.

Our Commercial Operations segment supplies commercial nuclear equipment and services to certain customers in countries other than the U.S. and Canada that are party to international treaties and in countries that are not signatory to international treaties but have their own nuclear liability laws that, in general, have regulations in place whereby nuclear operators are solely liable for nuclear damage claims, which would exclude nuclear suppliers from any such exposure. BWXT does retain some level of risk in the event of future changes to the legal landscape in these countries regarding international third-party nuclear liability.

In 2008, the U.S. ratified the Convention on Supplementary Compensation for Nuclear Damage ("CSC") with the International Atomic Energy Agency. The CSC is an international treaty developed to create a global legal framework for allocating responsibility and assuring prompt and equitable compensation in the unlikely event of certain nuclear incidents. The ratification by the U.S. authorizes the Secretary of Energy to issue regulations establishing a retrospective risk pooling program whereby, in the event that the U.S. must make a contribution to the CSC international fund, U.S. nuclear suppliers, including BWXT, would pay the full cost of this contribution by the U.S.

Although we do not own or operate any nuclear reactors, we have some coverage under commercially available nuclear liability and property insurance for our facilities that are currently licensed to possess special nuclear materials. Substantially all of our Government Operations segment contracts involving nuclear materials are covered by and subject to the nuclear indemnity provisions of either the Price-Anderson Act or Public Law 85-804, which, among other things, authorizes the DOE to indemnify certain contractors when such acts would facilitate national defense. However, to the extent the value of the nuclear materials in our care, custody or control exceeds the commercially available limits of our insurance, we potentially have underinsured risk of loss for such nuclear material.

Our Government Operations segment participates in the management and operation of various U.S. Government facilities. This participation is customarily accomplished through the participation in joint ventures with other contractors for any given facility. These activities involve, among other things, handling nuclear devices and their components. Insurable liabilities arising from these sites are rarely protected by our or our partners' corporate insurance programs. Instead, we rely on government contractual agreements and insurance purchased specifically for a site. The U.S. Government has historically fulfilled its contractual agreement to reimburse its contractors for covered claims, and we expect it to continue this process during our participation in the management and operation of these facilities. However, in most of these situations in which the U.S. Government is contractually obligated to pay, the payment obligation is subject to the availability of authorized government funds. The reimbursement obligation of the U.S. Government is also conditional, and provisions of the relevant contract or applicable law may preclude reimbursement.

Our wholly owned captive insurance subsidiary provides primary workers' compensation, employer's liability, commercial general and excess liability, automotive liability and property insurance to support our operations. Liabilities include provisions for estimated losses incurred but not reported ("IBNR"), as well as estimated provisions for known claims. IBNR reserve estimates are primarily based upon historical loss experience, industry data and other actuarial assumptions. Reserve estimates are adjusted in future periods as actual losses differ from experience. Through our insurance subsidiary, we also have reinsurance coverage with third parties for certain losses above a per occurrence and/or aggregate retention. Receivables for reinsurance coverage are recognized when realization is deemed probable. We may also have business reasons in the future to have our insurance subsidiary accept other risks that we cannot or do not wish to transfer to outside insurance companies. These risks may be considerable in any given year or cumulatively. Our insurance subsidiary does not provide insurance to unrelated parties. Claims as a result of our operations could adversely impact the ability of our insurance subsidiary to respond to all claims presented.

Additionally, upon the February 22, 2006 effectiveness of the settlement relating to the Chapter 11 proceedings involving several of our former subsidiaries, most of our subsidiaries contributed substantial insurance rights to the asbestos personal injury trust, including rights to (1) certain pre-1979 primary and excess insurance coverages and (2) certain of our 1979-1986 excess insurance coverage. These insurance rights provided coverage for, among other things, asbestos and other personal injury claims, subject to the terms and conditions of the policies. The contribution of these insurance rights was made in exchange for the agreement on the part of the representatives of the asbestos claimants, including the representative of future claimants, to the entry of a permanent injunction, pursuant to Section 524(g) of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code, to channel to the asbestos trust all asbestos-related general liability claims against our subsidiaries and former subsidiaries arising out of, resulting from or attributable to their operations, and the implementation of related releases and indemnification provisions protecting those subsidiaries and their affiliates from future liability for such claims. Although we are not aware of any significant, unresolved claims against our subsidiaries and former subsidiaries that are not subject to the channeling injunction and that relate to the periods during which such excess insurance coverage related, with the contribution of these insurance rights to the asbestos personal injury trust, it is possible that we could have underinsured or uninsured exposure for non-derivative asbestos claims or other personal injury or other claims that would have been insured under these coverages had the insurance rights not been contributed to the asbestos personal injury trust. On June 30, 2015, we completed the spin-off of our former Power Generation business (the "spin-off") into an independent, publicly traded company named Babcock & Wilcox Enterprises, Inc. ("BWE"). In conjunction with the spin-off, claims and liabilities associated with the asbestos personal injury, property damage and indirect property damage claims mentioned above have been expressly assumed by BWE pursuant to the master separation agreement between us and BWE.

Governmental Regulations and Environmental Matters

Governmental Regulations

Many aspects of our operations and properties are affected by political developments and are subject to both domestic and foreign governmental regulations, including those relating to:

• possessing and processing special nuclear materials;
• workplace health and safety;
• constructing and equipping electric power facilities;
• currency conversions and repatriation;
• taxation of earnings; and
• protecting the environment.

We are required by various governmental and quasi-governmental agencies to obtain certain permits, licenses and certificates with respect to our operations. The kinds of permits, licenses and certificates required in our operations depend upon a number of factors.

We cannot determine the extent to which new legislation, new regulations or changes in existing laws or regulations may affect our future operations.

Environmental

Our operations and properties are subject to a wide variety of increasingly complex and stringent federal, foreign, state and local environmental laws and regulations, including those governing discharges into the air and water, the handling, storage and disposal of mixed, solid and hazardous wastes, the remediation of soil and groundwater contaminated by hazardous substances and the health and safety of employees. Sanctions for non-compliance may include revocation of permits, corrective action orders, administrative or civil penalties and criminal prosecution. Some environmental laws provide for strict, joint and several liability for remediation of spills and other releases of hazardous substances, as well as damage to natural resources. In addition, companies may be subject to claims alleging personal injury or property damage as a result of alleged exposure to hazardous substances. Such laws and regulations may also expose us to liability for the conduct of or conditions caused by others or for our acts that were in compliance with all applicable laws at the time such acts were performed.

These laws and regulations include the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980, as amended ("CERCLA"), the Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act and similar laws that provide for responses to, and liability for, releases of hazardous substances into the environment. These laws and regulations also include similar foreign, state or local counterparts to these federal laws, which regulate air emissions, water discharges, hazardous substances and waste and require public disclosure related to the use of various hazardous substances. Our operations are also governed by laws and regulations relating to workplace safety and worker health, including the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Act and regulations promulgated thereunder.

We are currently in the process of investigating and remediating some of our current and former operating sites. Although we have recorded reserves in connection with certain of these environmental matters, due to the uncertainties associated with environmental remediation, there can be no assurance that the actual costs resulting from these remediation matters will not exceed the recorded reserves.

Our compliance with federal, foreign, state and local environmental control and protection regulations resulted in pre-tax expense of approximately $22.7 million, $20.0 million and $20.0 million in the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. In addition, compliance with existing environmental regulations necessitated capital expenditures of $0.8 million, $0.7 million and $1.6 million in the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. We expect to spend another $3.7 million on such capital expenditures over the next five years. We cannot predict all of the environmental requirements or circumstances that will exist in the future, but we anticipate that environmental control and protection standards will become increasingly stringent and costly. Based on our experience to date, we do not currently anticipate any material adverse effect on our business or consolidated financial condition as a result of future compliance with existing environmental laws and regulations. However, future events, such as changes in existing laws and regulations or their interpretation, more vigorous enforcement policies of regulatory agencies or stricter or different interpretations of existing laws and regulations, may require additional expenditures by us, which may be material. Accordingly, we can provide no assurance that we will not incur significant environmental compliance costs in the future.

We have been identified as a potentially responsible party at various cleanup sites under CERCLA. CERCLA and other environmental laws can impose liability for the entire cost of cleanup on any of the potentially responsible parties, regardless of fault or the lawfulness of the original conduct. Generally, however, where there are multiple responsible parties, a final allocation of costs is made based on the amount and type of wastes disposed of by each party and the number of financially viable parties, although this may not be the case with respect to any particular site. We have not been determined to be a major contributor of wastes to any of these sites. On the basis of the relative contribution of waste to each site by potentially responsible parties, as well as the financial solvency of other potentially responsible parties, we expect our share of the ultimate liability for the various sites will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows in any given year.

Environmental remediation projects have been and continue to be undertaken at certain of our current and former facilities. In 2002, Congress directed the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers ("Army Corps") to clean up radioactive waste at the Shallow Land Disposal Area located in Parks Township, Armstrong County, Pennsylvania (the "SLDA"), consistent with the Memorandum of Understanding between the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the United States Army Corps of Engineers for Coordination on Cleanup and Decommissioning of the Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program Sites with NRC-Licensed Facilities, dated July 5, 2001 (the "MOU"). From 1961 to 1970, the SLDA was operated by the Nuclear Materials and Equipment Corporation ("NUMEC") pursuant to Atomic Energy Commission ("AEC") License SNM-145. The AEC was the predecessor to the NRC. The SLDA was used for the disposal of waste from NUMEC's nuclear fuels fabrication facility in Apollo, Pennsylvania. Both radioactive and non-radioactive waste was disposed in a series of trenches at the SLDA. NUMEC, a former subsidiary of Atlantic Richfield Company ("ARCO"), was acquired by BWXT in November 1971. Shortly after the Army Corps' contractor commenced cleanup operations in 2011, the Army Corps ceased excavation activities because the contractor deviated from accepted field procedures, and the excavated material was found to be complex and beyond the Army Corps' characterization and management procedures. The MOU was modified in late 2014 to add the DOE and the NNSA as parties to deal with "special nuclear materials." In December 2014, the Army Corps issued a Proposed Record of Decision Amendment, which reflects a revised cost estimate of $350 million, in addition to the $62 million expended through September 2014, to implement the selected remedy. In October 2018, the Army Corps confirmed award of the previously protested remediation contract as amended to the original contractor. In March 2019, the Army Corps issued a notice-to-proceed to this contractor. The federal legislation directing the Army Corps to clean up the SLDA also directs the Army Corps to seek to recover response costs from appropriate responsible parties in accordance with CERCLA. In connection with BWXT's acquisition of NUMEC from ARCO in November 1971, ARCO assumed and agreed to indemnify and hold harmless BWXT with respect to claims and liabilities arising as a result of transactions or operations of NUMEC prior to the acquisition date. Although this ARCO indemnity would cover claims by the Army Corps to seek recovery from BWXT for SLDA cleanup costs, no assurance can be given that this indemnity will be available or sufficient in the event such claims are asserted. For additional discussion of environmental matters, see Note 10 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Report.

We perform significant amounts of work for the U.S. Government under both prime contracts and subcontracts and operate certain facilities that are licensed to possess and process special nuclear materials. As a result of these activities, we are subject to continuing reviews by governmental agencies, including the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the NRC. We are also involved in manufacturing activities at licensed facilities in Canada that are subject to continuing reviews by governmental agencies in Canada, including the CNSC.

The NRC's decommissioning regulations require our Government Operations segment to provide financial assurance that it will be able to pay the expected cost of decommissioning its two licensed facilities at the end of their service lives. We provided financial assurance totaling $68.1 million and $68.1 million during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, with surety bonds for the ultimate decommissioning of these licensed facilities. These facilities have provisions in their government contracts pursuant to which substantially all of our decommissioning costs and financial assurance obligations are covered by the DOE, including the costs to complete the decommissioning projects underway at the facility in Erwin, Tennessee. The surety bonds noted above are to cover decommissioning required pursuant to work not subject to this DOE obligation.

In Canada, the CNSC's decommissioning regulations require our Commercial Operations segment to provide financial assurance that it will be able to pay the expected cost of decommissioning its CNSC-licensed facilities at the end of their service lives. We provided financial assurance totaling $28.5 million and $44.3 million during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, with letters of credit and surety bonds for the ultimate decommissioning of these licensed facilities.

At December 31, 2024 and 2023, we had total environmental accruals, including asset retirement obligations, of $103.4 million and $101.1 million, respectively. Of our total environmental accruals at December 31, 2024 and 2023, $9.2 million and $10.6 million, respectively, were included in current liabilities. Inherent in the estimates of these accruals are our expectations regarding the levels of contamination, decommissioning costs and recoverability from other parties, which may vary significantly as decommissioning activities progress. Accordingly, changes in estimates could result in material adjustments to our operating results, and the ultimate loss may differ materially from the amounts we have provided for in our consolidated financial statements.

Cautionary Statement Concerning Forward-Looking Statements

From time to time, our management or persons acting on our behalf make forward-looking statements to inform existing and potential security holders about our Company. Statements and assumptions regarding expectations and projections of specific projects, our future backlog, revenues, income, capital spending, strategic investments, acquisitions or divestitures, return of capital activities or margin improvement initiatives are examples of forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are generally accompanied by words such as "estimate," "project," "predict," "believe," "expect," "anticipate," "plan," "seek," "goal," "could," "intend," "may," "should" or other words that convey the uncertainty of future events or outcomes. In addition, sometimes we will specifically describe a statement as being a forward-looking statement and refer to this cautionary statement.

Statements in this Report, including those that express a belief, expectation or intention, as well as those that are not statements of historical fact, are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements appear in Item 1, Item 3, Item 7 and in the notes to our consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of this Report and elsewhere in this Report.

We have based our forward-looking statements on information currently available to us and our current expectations, estimates and projections about our industries, business environment and our Company. We caution that these statements are not guarantees of future performance, and you should not rely unduly on them as they involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions that we cannot predict. In addition, we have based many of these forward-looking statements on assumptions about future events that may prove to be inaccurate. While our management considers these statements and assumptions to be reasonable, they are inherently subject to numerous factors, including potentially the risk factors described in the section labeled Item 1A of this Report, most of which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond our control. As a contractor to the U.S. Government, such risks include, without limitation, budget uncertainty, the risk of future budget cuts, the impact of continuing resolution funding mechanisms and the debt ceiling, the potential for government shutdowns and changing funding and acquisition priorities. Accordingly, our actual results may differ materially from the future performance that we have expressed or forecast in our forward-looking statements.

We have discussed many of these factors in more detail elsewhere in this Report. These factors are not necessarily all the factors that could affect us. Unpredictable or unanticipated factors we have not discussed in this Report could also have material adverse effects on actual results of matters that are the subject of our forward-looking statements. We do not intend to update or review any forward-looking statement or our description of important factors, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by applicable laws.

Available Information

Our website address is www.bwxt.com (http://www.bwxt.com). We make available through the Investors section of this website under "SEC Filings," free of charge, our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, our proxy statement, statements of beneficial ownership of securities on Forms 3, 4 and 5 and amendments to those reports as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file those materials with, or furnish those materials to, the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). The SEC maintains a website at www.sec.gov (http://www.sec.gov) that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. We have also posted on our website our: Corporate Governance Principles; Code of Business Conduct; Code of Ethics for our Chief Executive Officer and Senior Financial Officers; Director Conflict of Interest Policy; Amended and Restated Bylaws; and charters for the Audit and Finance, Governance and Compensation Committees of our Board of Directors.

Industry Risks

We rely on U.S. Government contracts for a substantial percentage of our revenue, and some of those contracts are subject to continued appropriations by Congress and may be terminated or delayed if future funding is not made available. In addition, the U.S. Government may not renew or may seek to modify or terminate our existing contracts.

For the year ended December 31, 2024, U.S. Government contracts comprised approximately 76% of our total consolidated revenues. Government contracts are subject to various uncertainties, restrictions and regulations, including oversight audits, which could result in withholding or delaying payments to us, and termination or modification at the U.S. Government's convenience. In addition, some of our large, multi-year contracts with the U.S. Government are subject to annual funding determinations and the continuing availability of Congressional appropriations. Although multi-year operations may be planned in connection with major procurements, Congress generally appropriates funds on a fiscal-year basis even though a program may continue for several years. Consequently, programs often are only partially funded initially, and additional funds are committed only as Congress makes further appropriations.

In addition, our Government Operations segment depends on U.S. Government funding, particularly funding levels at the DOE. Significant reductions in the level of funding (for example, the annual budget of the DOE) or specifically mandated levels for individual programs that are important to our business could have an unfavorable impact on us. Any reduction in the level of U.S. Government funding, particularly at the DOE, may result in, among other things, a reduction in the number and scope of projects put out for bid by the U.S. Government or the curtailment of existing U.S. Government programs, either of which may result in a reduction in the number of contract award opportunities available to us, a reduction of activities at DOE sites and an increase in costs, including the costs of obtaining contract awards.

We anticipate the federal budget will continue to be subject to debate and compromise shaped by, among other things, heightened political tensions, the global security environment, inflationary pressures and macroeconomic conditions. This may result in shifting funding priorities, which could have material adverse impacts on defense spending broadly and our programs.

The U.S. Government typically can terminate or modify any of its contracts with us either for its convenience or if we default by failing to perform under the terms of the applicable contract. A termination arising out of our default could expose us to liability and have an adverse effect on our ability to compete for future contracts and orders. If any of our contracts reflected in backlog are terminated by the U.S. Government, our backlog would be reduced by the expected value of the remaining work under such contracts. In addition, on those contracts for which we are teamed with others and are not the prime contractor, the U.S. Government could terminate a prime contract under which we are a subcontractor, irrespective of the quality of our products and services as a subcontractor. Furthermore, certain of our U.S. Government contracts span one or more base years and multiple option years. The U.S. Government generally has the right not to exercise option periods and may not exercise an option period for various reasons.

We also have several significant contracts with the U.S. Government that are subject to periodic renewal and rebidding through a competitive process. If the U.S. Government fails to renew these contracts or modifies key terms, our results of operations and cash flows would be adversely affected.

As a result of these and other factors, reductions in the level of funding for individual programs that are important to our business, the termination of one or more of our significant government contracts, our suspension from government contract work, the failure of the U.S. Government to renew our existing contracts or the disallowance of the payment of our contract costs could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Federal debt ceiling limitations, reductions in government spending, or impacts to federal appropriations that fund many of our contracts (such as those impacts arising from a continuing resolution or government shutdown), could adversely impact government spending for the products and services we provide.

Federal government spending reductions could adversely impact U.S. Government programs for which we provide products or services. While we believe many of our programs are well-aligned with national defense and other strategic priorities, government spending on these programs can be subject to negative publicity, political factors and public scrutiny. The risk of future budget delays or reductions is uncertain, and it is possible that spending cuts may be applied to U.S. Government programs across the board, regardless of how programs align with those priorities. There are many variables in how budget reductions could be implemented that will determine its specific impact; however, reductions in federal government spending could adversely impact programs in which we provide products or services. In addition, these cuts could adversely affect the viability of the suppliers and subcontractors under our programs. We may also be required to temporarily maintain operations of our joint ventures if the U.S. Government can no longer meet its debt obligations.

From time to time, the U.S. Government operates under a continuing resolution to continue funding the U.S. Government. Under such a continuing resolution, funding at amounts consistent with appropriated levels for the prior fiscal year are typically available, subject to certain restrictions, but new contract and program starts are not authorized. During periods covered by a continuing resolution, we expect our key programs will continue to be supported and funded under the continuing resolution. However, during periods covered by a continuing resolution, we may experience delays in new awards of our products and services, and those delays could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. If Congress is not able to enact appropriations bills or extend a continuing resolution, the U.S. Government would enter a whole or partial shutdown. Additionally, there is a risk that no continuing resolution would be entered into in certain circumstances, which would also cause a whole or partial government shutdown. The impact of any government shutdown is uncertain. However, if a government shutdown were to occur and were to continue for an extended period, our employees could be at risk of furlough and we could be at risk of program cancellations, schedule delays, production halts and other disruptions and nonpayment, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Demand for our products and services is vulnerable to economic downturns, the competitiveness of alternative energy sources and industry conditions. In addition, unfavorable economic conditions may lead customers to delay, curtail or cancel proposed or existing projects, which may decrease the overall demand for our products and services and adversely affect our results of operations.

Demand for our products and services has been, and we expect that demand will continue to be, subject to significant fluctuations due to a variety of factors beyond our control, including economic and industry conditions. These factors include, but are not limited to, inflation, geopolitical issues, the availability and cost of credit, the demand for and competitiveness of nuclear power with other energy sources, the cyclical nature of the power generation industry, low business and consumer confidence, high unemployment, energy conservation measures and decisions of utilities that operate nuclear power plants.

Our customers may find it more difficult to raise capital in the future due to limitations on the availability of credit, increases in interest rates and other factors affecting the federal, municipal and corporate credit markets. Additionally, our customers may demand more favorable pricing terms and find it increasingly difficult to timely pay invoices for our products and services, which would impact our future cash flows and liquidity. Inflation or significant changes in interest rates could reduce the demand for our products and services. Any inability to timely collect our invoices may lead to an increase in our accounts receivables and potentially to increased write-offs of uncollectable invoices. If the economy weakens, or customer spending declines, then our backlog, revenues, net income and overall financial condition could deteriorate. As a result, we may find it more difficult to raise capital in the future due to limitations on the availability of credit, increases in interest rates, changes in regulatory requirements, new investor requirements, such as stakeholder expectations regarding environmental, social and governance matters, and other factors affecting our access to the capital markets.

Our future business prospects in Canada are dependent upon the continued operation of Canadian nuclear plants and refurbishment of the majority of the plants in Ontario to extend their operating lives. Unfavorable economic conditions, competition from other forms of power generation, increased competition for refurbishment contracts, changes in government policy or operational or project execution issues may lead nuclear plant operators in Canada to cease operations or delay, curtail or cancel proposed or existing life-extension projects, which may decrease the overall demand for our products and services in Canada and adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

We are subject to risks associated with contractual pricing in our industries, including the risk that, if our actual costs exceed the costs we estimate on our fixed-price contracts, our profitability will decline and we may suffer losses.

We are engaged in a number of highly competitive industries and we have priced a number of our contracts on a fixed-price basis. Our actual costs on certain contracts have, and on other contracts could, exceed our projections, which has resulted, and may in the future also result in reduced profit or loss. We attempt to cover the increased costs of anticipated changes in labor, material and service costs of long-term contracts, either through estimates of cost increases, which are reflected in the original contract price, or through price escalation clauses. Despite these attempts, the cost and gross profit we realize on a fixed-price contract have and could vary materially from the estimated amounts because of supplier, contractor and subcontractor performance, execution issues, changes in job conditions, variations in labor and equipment productivity, inflation and increases in the cost of labor and raw materials, particularly steel, over the term of the contract.

These variations and the risks generally inherent in our industries may result in actual revenues or costs being different from those we originally estimated and may result in reduced profitability or losses on projects. Some of these risks include:

• difficulties encountered on our large-scale projects related to the procurement of materials or due to schedule disruptions, equipment performance failures, unforeseen site conditions, rejection clauses in customer contracts or other factors that may result in additional costs to us, reductions in revenue, claims or disputes;
• our inability to obtain compensation for additional work we perform or expenses we incur as a result of our customers providing deficient design, engineering information, equipment or materials;
• requirements to pay liquidated damages upon our failure to meet schedule or performance requirements of our contracts; and
• difficulties in engaging third-party subcontractors, equipment manufacturers or materials suppliers or failures by third-party subcontractors, equipment manufacturers or materials suppliers to perform could result in project delays and cause us to incur additional costs.

Our operations in foreign countries expose us to currency, political and trade risks, including from tariffs, trade barriers, and other protectionist or retaliatory measures, which could impact our results of operations.

We have significant manufacturing and sales operations in foreign countries, particularly in Canada. Our financial results may be adversely affected by fluctuations in foreign currencies and by the translation of the financial statements of our foreign subsidiaries from local currencies into U.S. dollars. Both the sales from international operations and export sales are subject to varying degrees of risks inherent in doing business outside of the U.S. Such risks include the possibility of unfavorable circumstances arising from host country laws or regulations including, but not limited to changes in tariff and trade barriers.

Uncertainty remains with respect to trade policies and treaties between the U.S. and other countries, including Canada, where we manufacture heavy nuclear components and products for our medical radioisotopes business that may be sold to US customers. The U.S. federal government has recently implemented tariffs on certain foreign goods and may implement additional tariffs on foreign goods. For example, in January 2025, the U.S. presidential administration stated its intention to impose a 25% tariff on imports from Canada into the United States, and the Canadian government stated it would take certain retaliatory measures. On February 3, 2025, the U.S. presidential administration and the Canadian prime minister announced a 30-day pause to the implementation of these tariffs. As we currently manufacture substantially all of our products for our medical radioisotope business in Canada, a 25% tariff on all imports from Canada would increase the costs of those products manufactured in Canada and could adversely impact our gross profit for this business if we are unable to pass this cost to our customers. Our Canadian business does not currently have any material contracts for the sale of heavy nuclear components to US customers so the direct risk related to those tariffs is currently negligible. Such tariffs and, if enacted, any further legislation or actions taken by the U.S. federal government or Canadian government that restrict trade, such as additional tariffs, trade barriers, and other protectionist or retaliatory measures taken by such governments, could adversely impact our profitability and ability to sell products and services. For example, new or increased tariffs would increase the cost of our products and the components and raw materials that go into making them. These increased costs could adversely impact the gross margin that we earn on our products, which could make our products less competitive and reduce demand from customers. The ultimate impact of any tariffs will depend on various factors, including if any tariffs are ultimately implemented, the timing of implementation, contractual terms, and the amount, scope, and nature of the tariffs.

Tariffs and other restrictive trade measures may require us to take various actions, including changing suppliers and restructuring business relationships. Changing our operations in accordance with new or changed trade restrictions can be expensive, time-consuming, disruptive to our operations and distracting to management. Tariffs and trade restrictions can be announced with little or no advance notice, and we may not be able to effectively mitigate all adverse impacts from such measures.

Operational Risks

Our business could be negatively impacted by security threats, including physical and cybersecurity threats, and other disruptions.

We face various security threats, including cyber threats, threats to the physical security of our facilities and infrastructure (including those that we manage and operate for our customers), and threats from terrorist acts, as well as the potential for business disruptions associated with these threats. Further, security breaches within our supply chain or unauthorized disclosures of confidential information could also adversely affect our business and reputation. Although we utilize a combination of tailored and industry standard security measures and technology to monitor and mitigate these threats, we cannot guarantee that these measures and technology will be sufficient to prevent security threats from materializing.

We have been, and will likely continue to be, subject to cyber-based attacks and other attempts to threaten our information technology systems, including attempts to gain unauthorized access to our proprietary and sensitive information and attacks from computer hackers, viruses, malicious code, internal threats and other security problems. As a U.S. Government contractor, we may be prone to a greater number of these threats than companies in other industries. These threats range from attacks common to most industries to more advanced and persistent threats from highly-organized adversaries targeting us because we are a U.S. Government contractor. We are required to maintain minimum security standards for handling information under our government contracts and failure to do so could result in termination of those contracts. From time to time, we experience system interruptions and delays; however, prior cyber-based attacks directed at us have not had a material adverse impact on our results of operations. Due to the evolving nature of these security threats, the impact of any future incident cannot be predicted. If we are unable to protect our proprietary and sensitive information, our customers could question the adequacy of our threat mitigation and detection processes and procedures, which could negatively impact our reputation and present and future business. Moreover, the rapid evolution and increased sophistication, availability, and use of artificial intelligence technologies may exacerbate our cybersecurity risks by use of these technologies by us, our customers, suppliers, business partners, third-party providers, and bad actors. These trends may increase the likelihood of cybersecurity events occurring.

The costs related to cyber or other security threats or disruptions may not be fully insured or indemnified by other means. Occurrence of any of these events could adversely affect our internal operations, the services we provide to customers, the value of our investment in research and development efforts and other intellectual property, our future financial results, our reputation or our stock price.

In addition, we maintain, replace and/or upgrade current financial, human resources and other information technology systems. These activities subject us to inherent costs and risks associated with replacing and updating these systems, including potential disruption of our internal control structure, substantial capital expenditures, demands on management time and other risks of delays or difficulties in transitioning to new systems or of integrating new systems into our current systems. Our systems implementations and upgrades may not result in productivity improvements at the levels anticipated, or at all. In addition, the implementation of new technology systems may cause disruptions in our business operations. Such disruptions and any other information technology system disruptions, and our ability to mitigate these disruptions, if not anticipated and appropriately mitigated, could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Actual or threatened public health epidemics, pandemics or outbreaks, such as COVID-19, could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

Actual or threatened public health epidemics, pandemics or outbreaks, such as the global outbreak of COVID-19, could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. Any public health epidemic, pandemic or outbreak poses the risk that we or our employees, contractors, suppliers, customers and other partners may be prevented from conducting business activities for an indefinite period of time, including due to shutdowns that may be requested or mandated by governmental authorities. Our business could be materially adversely impacted by employee illness, quarantines, government actions, facility closures, other actions to contain the impact of such diseases and/or potential responses to such actions by our customers, suppliers, contractors and employees. If our operations or the operations of our customers or our suppliers are restricted, we may be unable to perform fully on our contracts and our costs may increase as a result of a public health epidemic, pandemic or outbreak. These cost increases may result in unfavorable changes in estimates which may not be fully recoverable or adequately covered by insurance or through government assistance programs.

A public health epidemic, pandemic or outbreak and mitigation measures may also have an adverse impact on global economic conditions, which could have an adverse effect on our business. The extent to which such an epidemic, pandemic or outbreak impacts our business will depend on future developments that are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including new information that may emerge concerning the severity of a public health epidemic, pandemic or outbreak and the actions to contain its impact.

We rely on intellectual property law and confidentiality agreements to protect our intellectual property. We also rely on intellectual property we license from third parties. Failure to protect our intellectual property rights, alleged infringement of third-party intellectual property rights or our inability to obtain or renew licenses to use intellectual property of third parties, could adversely affect our business.

Our success depends, in part, on our ability to protect our proprietary information and other intellectual property. Our intellectual property could be stolen, challenged, invalidated, circumvented or rendered unenforceable. Furthermore, the increased use of artificial intelligence may raise potential liabilities related to privacy and intellectual property or result in a loss of intellectual property. In addition, effective intellectual property protection may be limited or unavailable in certain jurisdictions where we operate.

Our failure to protect our intellectual property rights may result in the loss of valuable technologies or adversely affect our competitive business position. We rely significantly on proprietary technology, information, processes and know-how that are not subject to patent or copyright protection. We seek to protect this information through trade secret or confidentiality agreements with our employees, consultants, subcontractors or other parties, as well as through other security measures. These agreements and security measures may be inadequate to deter or prevent misappropriation of our confidential information. In the event of an infringement of our intellectual property rights, a breach of a confidentiality agreement or divulgence of proprietary information, we may not have adequate legal remedies to protect our intellectual property. In addition, third parties may allege that we have infringed their intellectual property rights, which could result in litigation. Litigation to protect, defend or determine the scope of intellectual property rights, even if ultimately successful, could be costly and could divert management's attention away from other aspects of our business. In addition, our trade secrets may otherwise become known or be independently developed by competitors.

In some instances, we have augmented our technology base by licensing the proprietary intellectual property of third parties. In the future, we may not be able to obtain necessary licenses on commercially reasonable terms, which could have a material adverse effect on our operations.

Our operations are subject to disruption caused by severe weather, environmental and natural disasters and other natural and man-made events that could adversely affect our manufacturing facilities or the infrastructure necessary to support them. Our ability to operate or operate profitably could be significantly impacted, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We operate a number of large manufacturing facilities in the U.S. and Canada, including NRC Category 1 and CNSC-licensed nuclear manufacturing and fuel facilities. While we have experienced disruptions due to severe weather, environmental and natural disasters and other natural and man-made events in the past, including a recent facility closure due to Hurricane Helene, none have had a material adverse effect on our business or operations to date. Similar events impacting the facilities of our customers, suppliers and other subcontractors could also impact our business or disrupt our operations. If insurance or other risk mitigating mechanisms are insufficient for us to recover our costs and resume operations in a timely fashion, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Additionally, increased concern regarding the environment and global climate change may result in state, federal or international requirements such as the imposition of stricter limits on greenhouse gas emissions, carbon pricing mechanisms, increasing global chemical restrictions and bans, water and waste requirements and compliance and disclosure requirements. If environmental or climate-change laws or regulations are adopted or changed, they could necessitate the need for substantial capital and other expenditures and have further negative impacts on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Increasing sustainability disclosure requirements may result in increased costs or reputational risks and could limit our ability to manufacture certain of our products.

Our operations are subject to operating risks, which could expose us to potentially significant professional liability, product liability, warranty and other claims. Our insurance coverage may be inadequate to cover all of our significant risks, or our insurers may deny coverage of material losses we incur, which could adversely affect our profitability and overall financial condition.

We operate large manufacturing facilities and perform services in large commercial power plants where accidents or system failures can have significant consequences. Risks inherent in our operations include:

• accidents resulting in injury or the loss of life or property;
• environmental or toxic tort claims, including delayed manifestation claims for personal injury or loss of life;
• pollution or other environmental mishaps;
• natural disasters;
• adverse weather conditions;
• mechanical or design failures;
• property losses;
• business interruption due to political action in foreign countries or other reasons; and
• labor stoppages.

Any accident or failure at a site where we have provided products or services could result in significant professional liability, product liability, warranty and other claims against us, regardless of whether our products or services caused the incident. We have been, and in the future we may be, named as defendants in lawsuits asserting large claims as a result of litigation arising from events such as those listed above.

We endeavor to identify and obtain, in established markets, insurance agreements to cover significant risks and liabilities. Insurance against some of the risks inherent in our operations is either unavailable or available only at rates or on terms that we consider uneconomical. Also, catastrophic events customarily result in decreased coverage limits, more limited coverage, additional exclusions in coverage, increased premium costs and increased deductibles and self-insured retentions. Risks that we have frequently found difficult to cost-effectively insure against include, but are not limited to, business interruption, property losses from wind, flood and earthquake events, nuclear hazards, war, pollution liability, liabilities related to occupational health exposures (including asbestos), professional liability/errors and omissions coverage, the failure, misuse or unavailability of our information systems, the failure of security measures designed to protect our information systems from security breaches, and liability related to risk of loss of our work in progress and customer-owned materials in our care, custody and control. Depending on competitive conditions and other factors, we endeavor to obtain contractual protection against certain uninsured risks from our customers. When obtained, such contractual indemnification protection may not be as broad as we desire or may not be supported by adequate insurance maintained by the customer. Such insurance or contractual indemnity protection may not be sufficient or effective under all circumstances or against all hazards to which we may be subject. A successful claim for which we are not insured or for which we are underinsured could have a material adverse effect on us. Additionally, disputes with insurance carriers over coverage may affect the timing of cash flows and, if litigation with the carrier becomes necessary, an outcome unfavorable to us may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

We are also involved in management and operating activities for the U.S. Government. These activities involve, among other things, handling nuclear devices and their components for the U.S. Government. Most insurable liabilities arising from these sites are not protected in our corporate insurance program. Instead, we rely on government contractual agreements, including a U.S. Government-provided nuclear indemnity (see the below discussion regarding the Price-Anderson Act), some insurance purchased specifically for the sites and certain specialized self-insurance programs funded by the U.S. Government. The U.S. Government has historically fulfilled its contractual agreement to reimburse for insurable claims, and we expect it to continue this process. However, it should be noted that, in most situations, the U.S. Government is contractually obligated to pay subject to the availability of authorized government funds. The reimbursement obligation of the U.S. Government is also conditional, and provisions of the relevant contract or applicable law may preclude reimbursement.

We have a captive insurance company subsidiary that provides us with various insurance coverages. Claims, as a result of our operations, could adversely impact the ability of our captive insurance company subsidiary to respond to all claims presented.

Although we have product liability insurance coverage, with policy limits that we believe are customary for the medical radioisotope industry, such coverage may not be adequate, requiring that we pay judgments or settlement amounts in excess of policy limits. We may not be able to maintain insurance coverage at adequate levels. Any product liability claims could be costly to defend, time-consuming and result in adverse judgments, which could result in a material adverse effect on our business, reputation and results of operations.

Additionally, upon the February 22, 2006 effectiveness of the settlement relating to the Chapter 11 proceedings involving several of our former subsidiaries, most of our subsidiaries contributed substantial insurance rights providing coverage for, among other things, asbestos and other personal injury claims, to an asbestos personal injury trust. With the contribution of these insurance rights to the asbestos personal injury trust, we may have underinsured or uninsured exposure for non-derivative asbestos claims or other personal injury or other claims that would have been insured under these coverages had the insurance rights not been contributed to the asbestos personal injury trust. In conjunction with the spin-off, claims and liabilities associated with the asbestos personal injury, property damage and indirect property damage claims mentioned above have been expressly assumed by BWE pursuant to the master separation agreement between us and BWE.

The loss of, or the inability to attract and retain, qualified personnel could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Our business depends upon the recruitment and continued service of our highly skilled, educated and trained employees. Our ability to attract, motivate, compensate, and retain highly qualified and diverse employees is necessary to support our customers and achieve business objectives. Competition for skilled and diverse employees in our industry can be intense, and any uncertainty surrounding future employment opportunities, facility locations, organizational and reporting structures, acquisitions and divestitures, and related concerns may impair our ability to attract and retain qualified employees. In addition, certain parts of our business, including in the Government Operations segment, involve designs, processing and final products that are classified by the U.S. Government and require applicable personnel to obtain and maintain U.S. Government security clearances. These additional employee qualifications often limit the pool of available candidates and extend the time necessary to recruit and qualify new employees. The loss of the services of qualified employees and any inability to recruit effective replacements or to otherwise attract, motivate, train or retain highly qualified and diverse employees could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We also have established leadership development and succession planning programs throughout our business. Any significant leadership change and accompanying senior management transition involves inherent risk, and any failure to ensure a smooth transition could hinder our strategic planning, execution and future performance. While we strive to mitigate the negative impact associated with changes to our senior management team, such changes may cause uncertainty among investors, employees, customers, creditors, and others concerning our future direction and performance. If we fail to effectively manage any leadership changes, including organizational and strategic changes, such failure could have a material adverse effect on our ability to successfully attract, motivate and retain highly qualified employees, as well as our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Negotiations with labor unions and possible work stoppages and other labor problems could divert management's attention and disrupt operations. In addition, new collective bargaining agreements or amendments to agreements could increase our labor costs and operating expenses.

A significant number of our employees are members of labor unions. If we are unable to negotiate acceptable new contracts with our unions from time to time, we could experience strikes or other work stoppages by the affected employees. If any such strikes or other work stoppages were to occur, we could experience a significant disruption of operations. In addition, negotiations with unions could divert management's attention. New union contracts or the organization of nonunion employees could result in increased operating costs, as a result of higher wages, higher benefit expenses and other factors, for both union and nonunion employees.

We rely on a limited number of suppliers, including single-source suppliers, which could, under certain circumstances, adversely affect our revenues and operating results.

We rely on a limited number of suppliers, including several single-source suppliers, for materials used in our products in both our Government Operations and Commercial Operations segments. If the supply of a single-sourced or limited-sourced material is delayed or ceases, we may not be able to produce the related product in a timely manner or in sufficient quantities, if at all, which could adversely affect our revenues and operating results. In addition, a single-source or limited-source supplier of a key component could potentially exert significant bargaining power over price, quality, warranty claims or other terms relating to these materials, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Maintaining adequate bonding and letter of credit capacity is necessary for us to successfully bid on and win various contracts.

In line with industry practice, we are often required to post standby letters of credit, bank guarantees and surety bonds to support contractual obligations to customers as well as other obligations. These letters of credit, bank guarantees and surety bonds generally indemnify customers should we fail to perform our obligations under the applicable contracts. If a letter of credit, bank guarantee or surety bond is required for a particular project and we are unable to obtain such instrument due to insufficient capacity or other reasons, we will not be able to pursue that project. We utilize surety bond facilities, but, as is typically the case, the issuance of surety bonds under these facilities is at the surety's sole discretion. In addition, we have capacity limits under our credit facility for letters of credit and bank guarantees. Moreover, due to events that affect the insurance and bonding and credit markets generally, surety bonds, letters of credit and bank guarantees may be more difficult to obtain in the future or may only be available at significant additional cost. There can be no assurance that letters of credit, bank guarantees and surety bonds will continue to be available to us on reasonable terms. Our inability to obtain adequate letters of credit, bank guarantees and surety bonds and, as a result, to bid on new work could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. As of December 31, 2024, we had $35.0 million in letters of credit and bank guarantees and $278.7 million in surety bonds outstanding.

Our business strategy includes acquisitions and strategic investments to support our growth, which can create certain risks and uncertainties.

We intend to pursue growth through the acquisition of, or strategic investments in, businesses or assets that we believe will enable us to strengthen our existing business and expand into adjacent industries. We may be unable to execute this growth strategy if we cannot identify suitable businesses or assets, reach agreement on potential strategic transactions on acceptable terms or for other reasons.

Acquisitions may be funded by the issuance of additional equity or debt financing, which may not be available on attractive terms. Our ability to secure such financing will depend in part on prevailing capital market conditions, as well as conditions in our business and operating results. Moreover, to the extent an acquisition transaction financed by non-equity consideration results in goodwill, it will reduce our tangible net worth, which may have an adverse effect on potential credit and surety bond capacity.

Additionally, an acquisition may bring us into a business we have not previously conducted and expose us to additional business risks that are different than those we have historically experienced.

Our business strategy also includes development and commercialization of new technologies to support our growth, which requires significant investment and involves various risks and uncertainties. These new technologies may not achieve desired commercial or financial results.

Our future growth will depend on our ability to continue to innovate by developing and commercializing new product and service offerings. Investments in new technologies involve varying degrees of uncertainties and risk. Commercial success depends on many factors, including the levels of innovation, the development costs and the availability of capital resources to fund those costs, the levels of competition from others developing similar or other competing technologies, our ability to obtain or maintain government permits or certifications, the effectiveness of production, distribution and marketing efforts, market demand, market growth or shrinkage, market acceptance and the costs to customers to deploy and provide support for the new technologies. We may not achieve significant revenue from new product and service investments for a number of years, if at all. Additionally, there can be no assurance that the current technologies that our business relies upon will remain competitive, or that competing technologies will not disrupt our business. Moreover, new products and services may not be profitable, and, even if they are profitable, our operating margins from new products and services may not be as high as the margins we have experienced historically. Lastly, new technologies may not be patentable and, as a result, we may face increased competition.

Among our opportunities involving new technologies, we are developing new medical radioisotope technology. The costs to develop and commercialize this technology require a substantial amount of investment over a period of years, and commercialization of this technology also requires authorizations from government agencies, including the U.S. Food and Drug Administration ("FDA"), Health Canada and the CNSC. There can be no assurance that we will be successful in addressing all of the technological challenges to developing and commercializing this technology or in obtaining the required authorizations from the FDA, Health Canada or the CNSC. In addition, commercialization of the medical radioisotope technology could subject us to product liability claims. The potential also exists for competitors to emerge with alternative technologies. We can provide no assurance that those competitors will not develop and commercialize similar or superior technologies sooner than we can or at a significant cost or price advantage.

Additionally, the Company's competitors may adopt new technologies and technological advancements using artificial intelligence and machine learning to pursue new products and approaches more quickly, successfully and effectively than the Company. We may be unable to successfully integrate the technology into our internal business processes and product and service offerings in a timely, cost-effective manner and may become less competitive as a result.

We conduct a portion of our operations through joint venture entities, over which we may have limited ability to influence.

We currently have equity interests in several joint ventures and may enter into additional joint venture arrangements in the future. Our influence over some of these entities may be limited. Even in those joint ventures over which we do exercise significant influence, we are often required to consider the interests of our joint venture partners in connection with major decisions concerning the operations of the joint ventures. In any case, differences in views among the joint venture participants may result in delayed decisions or disputes. We also cannot control the actions of our joint venture partners. We sometimes have joint and several liabilities with our joint venture partners under the applicable contracts for joint venture projects and we cannot be certain that our partners will be able to satisfy any potential liability that could arise. These factors could potentially harm the business and operations of a joint venture and, in turn, our business and operations.

Operating through joint ventures in which we are minority holders results in us having limited control over many decisions made with respect to projects and internal controls relating to projects. These joint ventures may not be subject to the same requirements regarding internal controls and internal control over financial reporting that we follow. As a result, internal control problems may arise with respect to the joint ventures that could adversely affect our ability to respond to requests or contractual obligations to customers or to meet the internal control requirements to which we are otherwise subject.

In addition, our arrangements involving joint ventures may restrict us from gaining access to the cash flows or assets of these entities. In some cases, our joint ventures have governmentally imposed restrictions on their abilities to transfer funds to us.

If our co-venturers fail to perform their contractual obligations on a project or if we fail to coordinate effectively with our co-venturers, we could be exposed to legal liability, loss of reputation and reduced profit on the project.

We often perform projects jointly with third parties. For example, we enter into contractual arrangements to bid for and perform jointly on large projects. Success on these joint projects depends in part on whether our co-venturers fulfill their contractual obligations satisfactorily. If any one or more of these third parties fail to perform their contractual obligations satisfactorily, we may be required to make additional investments and provide added services in order to compensate for that failure. If we are unable to adequately address any such performance issues, then our customer may exercise its right to terminate a joint project, exposing us to legal liability, loss of reputation and reduced profit.

Under these arrangements, participating parties may disagree on business decisions and strategies. These disagreements could result in delays, additional costs and risks of litigation. Our inability to successfully maintain existing relationships or enter into new agreements could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

Accounting and Financial Reporting Risks

We recognize a large portion of our revenue on an over time basis which could result in volatility in our results of operations.

We generally recognize revenues and profits under our long-term contracts on an over time basis. Accordingly, we review contract price and cost estimates regularly as the work progresses and reflect adjustments proportionate to our progress made towards completion in income in the period when we revise those estimates. To the extent these adjustments result in a reduction or an elimination of previously reported profits with respect to a project, we would recognize a charge against current earnings, which could be material. Our current estimates of our contract costs and the profitability of our long-term projects, although reasonably reliable when made, could change as a result of the uncertainties associated with these types of contracts, and if adjustments to overall contract costs are significant, the reductions or reversals of previously recorded revenue and profits could be material in future periods.

Our backlog is subject to unexpected adjustments and cancellations and may not be a reliable indicator of future revenues or earnings.

There can be no assurance that the revenues projected in our backlog will be realized or, if realized, will result in profits. Because of project cancellations or changes in project scope and schedule, we cannot predict with certainty when or if backlog will be performed. In addition, even where a project proceeds as scheduled, it is possible that contracted parties may default and fail to pay amounts owed to us or poor project performance could increase the cost associated with a project. Delays, suspensions, cancellations, payment defaults, scope changes and poor project execution could materially reduce or eliminate the revenues and profits that we actually realize from projects in backlog.

Reductions in our backlog due to cancellation or modification by a customer or for other reasons may adversely affect, potentially to a material extent, the revenues and earnings we actually receive from contracts included in our backlog. Many of the contracts in our backlog provide for cancellation fees in the event customers cancel projects. These cancellation fees usually provide for reimbursement of our out-of-pocket costs, revenues for work performed prior to cancellation and a varying percentage of the profits we would have realized had the contract been completed. However, we typically have no contractual right upon cancellation to the total revenues reflected in our backlog. Projects may remain in our backlog for extended periods of time. If we experience significant project terminations, suspensions or scope adjustments to contracts reflected in our backlog, our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows may be adversely impacted.

Pension and medical expenses associated with our retirement benefit plans may fluctuate significantly depending on changes in actuarial assumptions, future market performance of plan assets, future trends in health care costs and legislative or other regulatory actions.

A substantial portion of our current and retired employee population is covered by pension and postretirement benefit plans, the costs and funding requirements of which depend on our various assumptions, including estimates of rates of return on benefit-related assets, discount rates for future payment obligations, rates of future cost growth, mortality assumptions and trends for future costs. Variances from these estimates could have a material adverse effect on us. In addition, our policy to recognize these variances annually through mark to market accounting could result in volatility in our results of operations, which could be material. Service accruals for salaried participants ceased as of December 31, 2015. As of December 31, 2024, we had underfunded defined benefit pension and postretirement benefit plans with obligations totaling approximately $103.9 million. A substantial portion of our postretirement benefit plan costs are recoverable on our U.S. Government contracts. See Note 7 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Report for additional information regarding our pension and postretirement benefit plan obligations.

Legal, Regulatory and Compliance Risks

We are involved in a number of legal proceedings. We cannot predict the outcome of litigation and other contingencies with certainty.

Our business may be adversely affected by the outcome of legal proceedings, investigations, disputes and other contingencies that cannot be predicted with certainty. As required by GAAP, we estimate loss contingencies and establish reserves based on our assessment of contingencies where liability is deemed probable and reasonably estimable in light of the facts and circumstances known to us at a particular point in time. Subsequent developments in legal proceedings may affect our assessment and estimates of the loss contingency recorded as a liability or as a reserve against assets in our financial statements. For a description of current legal proceedings, see Note 10 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Report.

If we fail to comply with government procurement laws and regulations, we could lose business and be liable for various penalties or sanctions.

We must comply with laws and regulations relating to the formation, administration, and performance of U.S. Government contracts. These laws and regulations include the FAR, Defense Federal Acquisition Regulations, the Truth in Negotiations Act, CAS, and laws, regulations, and orders restricting the use and dissemination of classified information under the U.S. export control laws and the export of certain products and technical information. Certain government contracts provide audit rights by government agencies, including with respect to performance, costs, internal controls and compliance with applicable laws and regulations. In complying with these laws and regulations, we may incur significant costs, and non-compliance may result in the imposition of fines and penalties, including contractual damages. If we fail to comply with existing or future laws and regulations or if a government audit, review, or investigation uncovers improper or illegal activities, we may be subject to civil penalties, criminal penalties, or administrative sanctions, including suspension or debarment from contracting with the U.S. Government. Changes in environmental and climate change laws or regulations, including laws relating to greenhouse gas emissions, could lead to new or additional investment in facilities and could increase environmental compliance expenditures, including increased energy, raw material and other costs. If we are unable to comply with any such regulatory changes, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Further, our reputation could suffer harm if allegations of impropriety were made or found against us, which could adversely affect our operating performance and may result in additional expenses and possible loss of revenue.

Employee, agent or partner misconduct or our overall failure to comply with laws, regulations or government contracts could weaken our ability to win contracts, lead to the suspension of our operations and result in reduced revenues and profits.

Misconduct, fraud, or other improper activities by one or more of our employees, agents or partners, as well as our failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations, could have a significant negative impact on our business and reputation. Such misconduct could include the failure to comply with government procurement regulations, regulations regarding the protection of classified and other information, regulations regarding the pricing of labor and other costs in government contracts, regulations on lobbying or similar activities, regulations pertaining to the internal controls over financial reporting and various other applicable laws or regulations. For example, we regularly provide services that may be highly sensitive or that are related to critical national security matters. If a security breach were to occur, our ability to procure future government contracts could be severely limited. The precautions we take to prevent and detect these activities may not be effective, and we could face unknown risks or losses. Further, incorporating artificial intelligence could give rise to litigation risk and risk of non-compliance and unknown cost of compliance, as artificial intelligence is an emerging technology for which the legal and regulatory landscape is not fully developed (including potential liability for breaching intellectual property or privacy rights or laws). While new artificial intelligence initiatives, laws, and regulations are emerging and evolving, what they ultimately will look like remains uncertain, and our obligation to comply with them could entail significant costs, negatively affect our business, or entirely limit our ability to incorporate certain artificial intelligence capabilities into our offerings.

We are routinely audited and reviewed by the U.S. Government and its agencies. These agencies review our performance under our contracts, our cost structure and our compliance with applicable laws, regulations and standards, as well as the adequacy of, and our compliance with, our internal control systems and policies. Systems that are subject to review include our purchasing systems, billing systems, property management and control systems, cost estimating systems, compensation systems and management information systems. Any costs found to be improperly allocated to a specific contract will not be reimbursed or must be refunded if already reimbursed. If an audit or review uncovers improper or illegal activities, we could be subject to civil and criminal penalties and administrative sanctions, including termination of contracts, forfeiture of profits, suspension of payments, fines, loss of security clearance and suspension or debarment from contracting with the U.S. Government. In addition, we could suffer serious reputational harm if allegations of impropriety were made against us.

Our nuclear operations subject us to various environmental, regulatory, financial and other risks.

Our operations in designing, engineering, manufacturing, supplying, constructing and maintaining nuclear fuel and nuclear power equipment and components subject us to various risks, including:

• potential liabilities relating to harmful effects on the environment and human health resulting from nuclear operations and the storage, handling and disposal of radioactive materials;
• unplanned expenditures relating to maintenance, operation, security, defects, upgrades and repairs required by the NRC, the CNSC and other government agencies;
• limitations on the amounts and types of insurance commercially available to cover losses that might arise in connection with nuclear operations; and
• potential liabilities arising out of a nuclear, radiological or criticality incident, whether or not it is within our control.

Our nuclear operations are subject to various safety-related requirements imposed by the U.S. Government, the DOE, the NRC and the CNSC. In the event of non-compliance, these agencies might increase regulatory oversight, impose fines or shut down our operations, depending upon the assessment of the severity of the situation. Revised security and safety requirements promulgated by these agencies could necessitate substantial capital and other expenditures. In addition, we must comply with and are affected by laws and regulations relating to the award, administration and performance of U.S. Government contracts. U.S. Government contract laws and regulations affect how we do business with our customers and, in some instances, impose added costs on our business. A violation of specific laws and regulations could result in the imposition of fines and penalties or the termination of our contracts or debarment from bidding on contracts.

Environmental, social and governance matters and any related reporting obligations may impact our business.

U.S. and international regulators, investors and other stakeholders are increasingly focused on environmental, social and governance matters. For example, new domestic and international laws and regulations relating to environmental, social and governance matters, including environmental sustainability and climate change, human capital management and cybersecurity, are under consideration or being adopted, which may include specific, target-driven disclosure requirements or obligations. Our response will require increased costs to comply, the implementation of new reporting processes, entailing additional compliance risk, a skilled workforce and other incremental investments.

Limitations or modifications to indemnification regulations of the U.S. or foreign countries could adversely affect our business.

The Price-Anderson Act partially indemnifies the nuclear industry against liability arising from nuclear incidents in the U.S., while ensuring compensation for the general public. The Price-Anderson Act comprehensively regulates the manufacture, use and storage of radioactive materials, while promoting the nuclear industry by offering broad indemnification to commercial nuclear power plant operators and DOE contractors. Because we provide nuclear fabrication and other services to the DOE relating to its nuclear devices, facilities and other programs and the nuclear power industry in the ongoing maintenance and modifications of its nuclear power plants, including the manufacture of equipment and other components for use in such nuclear power plants, we expect, in the event of a nuclear incident or precautionary evacuation (as such terms are defined in the Atomic Energy Act), to be entitled to the indemnification protections under the Price-Anderson Act against liability arising from nuclear incidents occurring in the U.S. (with an available indemnification amount of approximately $16.5 billion) and in foreign countries (with an available indemnification amount of $2 billion). The statutory authority for indemnification under the Price-Anderson Act has been extended by Congress five times, most recently through December 2065 by Section 107 to the Further Consolidated Appropriations Action, 2024 (Public Law 118-47, March 23, 2024).

We also provide nuclear fabrication and other services to the nuclear power industry in Canada and other countries. Canada's NLCA generally conforms to international conventions and is conceptually similar to the Price-Anderson Act in the U.S. Accordingly, indemnification protections and the possibility of exclusions under Canada's NLCA are similar to those under the Price-Anderson Act in the U.S.

The Price-Anderson Act and Canada's NLCA indemnification provisions may not apply to all liabilities that we might incur while performing services as a contractor for the DOE and the nuclear power industry. If an incident, damages or evacuation is not covered under the indemnification provisions of the Price-Anderson Act or Canada's NLCA, we could be held liable for damages, in some cases regardless of fault, which could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. In connection with the international transportation of toxic, hazardous and radioactive materials, it is possible for a claim to be asserted that may not fall within the indemnification provided by the Price-Anderson Act or Canada's NLCA. If such indemnification authority is not applicable in the future, our business could be adversely affected if the owners and operators of nuclear power plants fail to retain our services in the absence of commercially adequate insurance and indemnification.

Moreover, because we manufacture nuclear components for the U.S. Government's defense program, we may be entitled to some of the indemnification protections afforded by Public Law 85-804 for certain of our nuclear operations risks. Public Law 85-804 authorizes certain agencies of the U.S. Government, such as the DOE and the DoD, to indemnify their contractors against unusually hazardous or nuclear risks when such action would facilitate the national defense. However, because the indemnification protections afforded by Public Law 85-804 are granted on a discretionary basis, situations could arise where the U.S. Government elects not to offer such protections. In such situations, our business could be adversely affected by either our inability to obtain commercially adequate insurance or indemnification or our refusal to pursue such operations in the absence of such protections.

Our operations involve the handling, transportation and disposal of radioactive and hazardous materials, and environmental laws and regulations and civil liability for contamination of the environment or related personal injuries may result in increases in our operating costs and capital expenditures and decreases in our earnings and cash flows.

Our operations involve the handling, transportation and disposal of radioactive and hazardous materials, including nuclear devices and their components. Failure to properly handle these materials could pose a health risk to humans or wildlife and could cause personal injury and property damage (including environmental contamination). If an accident were to occur, its severity could be significantly affected by the volume of the materials and the speed of corrective action taken by us and others, including emergency response personnel, as well as other factors beyond our control, such as weather and wind conditions. Actions taken in response to an accident could result in significant costs.

Governmental requirements relating to the protection of the environment, including solid waste management, air quality, water quality, the decontamination and decommissioning of nuclear manufacturing and processing facilities and cleanup of contaminated sites, have had a substantial impact on our operations. These requirements are complex and subject to frequent change. In some cases, they can impose liability for the entire cost of cleanup on any responsible party without regard to negligence or fault and impose liability on us for the conduct of others or conditions others have caused, or for our acts that complied with all applicable requirements when we performed them. Our compliance with amended, new or more stringent requirements, stricter interpretations of existing requirements or the future discovery of contamination may require us to make material expenditures or subject us to liabilities that we currently do not anticipate. Such expenditures and liabilities may adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. In addition, some of our operations and the operations of predecessor owners of some of our properties have exposed us to civil claims by third parties for liability resulting from alleged contamination of the environment or personal injuries caused by releases of hazardous substances into the environment. See the heading "Governmental Regulations and Environmental Matters" in Item 1 of this Report.

In our contracts, we seek to protect ourselves from liability associated with accidents, but there can be no assurance that such contractual limitations on liability will be effective in all cases or that our or our customers' insurance will cover all the liabilities we have assumed under those contracts. The costs of defending against a claim arising out of a nuclear incident or precautionary evacuation, and any damages awarded as a result of such a claim, could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

We maintain insurance coverage as part of our overall risk management strategy and due to requirements to maintain specific coverage in our financing agreements and in many of our contracts. These policies do not protect us against all liabilities associated with accidents or for unrelated claims. In addition, comparable insurance may not continue to be available to us in the future at acceptable prices, or at all.

Our business requires us to obtain, and to comply with, federal, state and local government permits and approvals.

Our business is required to obtain, and to comply with, federal, state and local government permits and approvals. Any of these permits or approvals may be subject to denial, revocation or modification under various circumstances. Failure to obtain or comply with the conditions of permits or approvals may adversely affect our operations by temporarily suspending our activities or curtailing our work and may subject us to penalties and other sanctions. Although existing licenses are routinely renewed by various regulators, renewal could be denied or jeopardized by various factors, including:

• failure to provide adequate financial assurance for decommissioning or closure;
• failure to comply with environmental and safety laws and regulations or permit conditions;
• local community, political or other opposition;
• executive action; and
• legislative action.

We are also subject to regulatory oversight by the FDA and Health Canada for our medical isotope business. The commercialization of our medical radioisotope technology will require the review and approval of these and other government agencies. Any delay or denial of such approvals could have a material adverse effect on our medical isotope business.

In addition, if new legislation or regulations are enacted or implemented, or if existing laws or regulations are amended or are interpreted or enforced differently, we may be required to obtain additional operating permits or approvals. Our inability to obtain, and to comply with, the permits and approvals required for our business could have a material adverse effect on us.

We seek to provide a secure working environment by establishing and maintaining effective security measures to protect the Company’s employees, properties, technology and our customers’ assets from potential threats, including cybersecurity threats. Accordingly, we have implemented numerous controls, technologies and processes and have integrated operational measures into our overall risk management system to assess, identify and manage material risks from internal and external cybersecurity threats.

The Governance Committee of our Board of Directors oversees the Company’s guidelines, policies and processes to assess and manage the Company’s exposure to risks, which include cybersecurity risks. The Committee meets periodically with management to review and discuss major financial risk exposures, including from cybersecurity threats, and the steps management has taken to monitor and control those exposures. As necessary, our Cybersecurity Incident Management Team (“CIMT”) (described below) reports significant cybersecurity threats and incidents to the Governance Committee. The Governance Committee is also periodically briefed by management, including our Chief Digital Officer (“CDO”), with respect to our cybersecurity posture to facilitate its role in overseeing the Company’s overall cybersecurity program.

As a general matter, our CDO is responsible for defining our entire cybersecurity posture. The CDO has oversight in planning the strategy, programs, policies and procedures to protect the organization’s digital assets, information and infrastructure. Our IT Director, Cyber Security serves as the CIMT’s Incident Manager and is the member of management primarily responsible for assessing, identifying, mitigating and managing cybersecurity risks; supervising IT security design, development, implementation and testing; and running the day-to-day operations of our cybersecurity team. Our CDO holds a bachelor’s degree in electronics and telecommunications engineering and has more than 35 years of information technology and cybersecurity experience in various leadership and executive roles. In addition, our IT Director, Cyber Security holds a bachelor’s degree in computer information systems and the Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP) and Information Systems Security Architecture Professional (ISSAP) certifications, as well as over 30 years of experience as an information technology professional with the most recent 15 years specializing in cybersecurity.

The CIMT is responsible for coordinating the containment, response, investigation, reporting and recovery related to a cybersecurity incident, and is an internally led management team made up of leaders from our Communications, Human Resources, IT and Cybersecurity, Legal and Compliance, Risk Management and other departments, including our IT Director, Cyber Security. Team members possess a broad scope of expertise, including cybersecurity, information technology, legal, compliance, risk management, insurance and crisis communications. The CIMT operates under the co-leadership of the General Counsel and CDO, who are responsible for oversight and composition of the CIMT, determining whether an incident warrants activating external service providers, providing updates to the Chief Executive Officer and senior management team, keeping our Governance Committee as well as our Board of Directors informed as appropriate, and ultimately establishing and executing our enterprise-wide incident response strategy.

Training and preparation are essential to the overall success of the CIMT to help ensure team members develop and maintain the operational, technical and managerial skillsets necessary to support the effective function of the CIMT. Our CIMT members undergo training and preparation for cybersecurity incidents like participating in regular cybersecurity incident response tabletop exercises and reviewing lessons learned. Our general cybersecurity team receives extensive on-the-job training with respect to cybersecurity operations, maintenance, analysis, detection, investigation, mitigation and protection. In addition, company-wide cybersecurity and insider threat training is mandated for our employees.

We have processes and controls that oversee, identify and manage cybersecurity risks with respect to our external service providers, including cybersecurity service providers. For example, we review and seek to negotiate terms and conditions in our legal agreements to provide for the adequate protection of confidential information and the Company’s networks and systems and compliance with any applicable cybersecurity requirements, including with respect to any information exchanged. We also review the security controls of hosted solutions in an effort to ensure protection is commensurate with our security requirements. We periodically revalidate those cybersecurity control reviews commensurate with the risk identified. Further, we utilize an external security assessment service to produce security ratings that include detailed descriptions of deficiencies affecting the rating. We seek to respond accordingly to those deficiencies to the extent practicable. Lastly, as appropriate and when feasible, we may visit our service providers’ facilities to observe security practices and physical security controls.

Despite taking extensive precautions, cybersecurity incidents are still possible. In general, when our cybersecurity team detects a cybersecurity threat by way of an alert within our cyber defense systems, employee notice, or otherwise, our IT Director, Cyber Security, along with other relevant personnel, is promptly apprised of the situation, and actively takes steps to prevent, mitigate, or remediate that threat. If a cybersecurity threat appears to progress into a possible cybersecurity incident, our IT Director, Cyber Security serves as the CIMT’s incident manager and the CDO or designee notifies the Chief Risk

Officer of a need to activate the CIMT as appropriate, informs and updates the CIMT and may consult other internal and external resources with the required technical, application, organizational and business knowledge to provide effective advice to the CIMT.

The CIMT responds to potential cybersecurity incidents raised to its attention by making an assessment of the event to determine if a cybersecurity incident has, in fact, occurred, identifying any assets impacted by the incident, determining any information stored and processed by assets identified as compromised, assessing the nature and level of damage that has occurred (accessed, exfiltrated, released to the public, etc.) and revising the assessment throughout the incident response process when additional details are identified.

As a U.S. Government contractor, we may be prone to a greater number of cybersecurity threats than companies in other industries. We believe we are well positioned to meet the requirements of the Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification ("CMMC") program and are preparing for certification once the requirements are effective. As of the date of this Report, risks from cybersecurity threats, including as a result of previous cybersecurity incidents, have not materially affected us, including our business strategy, results of operations or financial condition. However, there can be no guarantee that cybersecurity threats and incidents will not materially affect us in the future. See Item 1A of this Report for more information on our cybersecurity risks.

The following table provides the segment name, location and general use of each of our principal properties at December 31, 2024 that we own or lease:

(1) Our Government Operations segment operates two facilities in Lynchburg, Virginia:

• The segment's primary manufacturing plant which resides on 497 acres and has approximately 1 million square feet under roof. This facility is the nation's largest commercial high-enriched uranium processing facility and is also the largest commercial International Atomic Energy Agency certified facility in the U.S.
• A center for manufacturing and research and development, referred to as the BWXT Innovation Campus. This site is adjacent to the facility noted above.

(2) Nuclear Fuel Services, Inc. ("NFS") operates this facility, which manufactures fuel for naval nuclear reactors and downblends Cold War-era government stockpiles of high-enriched uranium. NFS is the sole provider of nuclear fuel for the U.S. Navy.

(3) These facilities are licensed by the CNSC in order to allow us to fabricate natural uranium fuel and produce medical radioisotopes.

(4) These facilities are subject to review by either the NRC or the CNSC for licensee performance. The performance reviews determine the safe and secure conduct of operations of the facility.

We consider each of our significant properties to be suitable and adequate for its intended use. For further details regarding our properties, see Item 1 of this Report.

The information set forth under the heading "Investigations and Litigation" in Note 10 to our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Report is incorporated by reference into this Item 3.

Statements we make in the following discussion, which express a belief, expectation or intention, as well as those that are not historical fact, are forward-looking statements that are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Our actual results, performance or achievements, or industry results, could differ materially from those we express in the following discussion as a result of a variety of factors, including the risks and uncertainties we have referred to under the heading "Cautionary Statement Concerning Forward-Looking Statements" in Item 1 and throughout Item 1A of this Report.

General

We are a leading supplier of nuclear components and fuel to the U.S. Government; provide technical, management and site services to support governments in the operation of complex facilities and environmental remediation activities; supply precision manufactured components, nuclear fuel and services for the commercial nuclear power industry; supply critical medical radioisotopes and radiopharmaceuticals; and develop nuclear technologies for a variety of applications, including medical radioisotopes, advanced nuclear power sources and advanced nuclear reactors. In general, we operate in capital-intensive industries and rely on large contracts for a substantial amount of our revenues. We operate in two reportable segments: Government Operations and Commercial Operations. We are currently exploring growth strategies across our segments through strategic investments and acquisitions to expand and complement our existing businesses. We would expect to fund these opportunities with cash generated from operations or by raising additional capital through debt, equity or some combination thereof.

Outlook

We expect to recognize approximately 48% of the revenue associated with our backlog by the end of 2025, with the remainder to be recognized thereafter.

Government Operations

The revenues of our Government Operations segment are largely a function of national security spending by the U.S. Government. As a supplier of major nuclear components for certain U.S. Government programs, we are a significant participant in the defense industry and have not been negatively impacted by federal budget reductions to date. We believe many of our programs are well-aligned with national defense and other strategic priorities as we supply high-end equipment for submarines and aircraft carriers for the U.S. Navy and participate in the continuing cleanup, operation and management of critical government-owned nuclear sites, laboratories and manufacturing complexes maintained by the DOE, NASA and other federal agencies. However, it is possible that reductions in federal government spending could have an adverse impact on the operating results and cash flows of this segment in the future.

A portion of this segment's operations is also conducted through joint ventures, which typically earn fees, and we account for them following the equity method of accounting. See Note 4 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Report for financial information on our equity method investments. This segment also specializes in the development of advanced technologies. The nature, timing and duration of any related contracts are dependent on the demand and funding availability for such technologies.

Commercial Operations

The revenues in this segment primarily depend on the demand and competitiveness of nuclear energy. The activity of this segment depends on the timing of maintenance and refueling outages, the cyclical nature of capital expenditures and major refurbishment and plant life extension projects, as well as the demand for nuclear fuel and fuel handling equipment primarily in the Canadian market, which could cause variability in our financial results.

Our Commercial Operations segment's offerings also include medical radioisotope products, radiopharmaceuticals and medical devices for use in diagnostic imaging and radiotherapeutic treatments. The medical isotope business will be the platform from which we plan to launch our Molybdenum-99 product line and a number of future radioisotope-based imaging, diagnostic and therapeutic products.

Critical Accounting Estimates

Our financial statements and accompanying notes are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("GAAP"). Preparing financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. These estimates and assumptions are affected by management's application of accounting policies. We believe the following are our most critical accounting policies that we apply in the preparation of our financial statements. These policies require our most difficult, subjective and complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates of matters that are inherently uncertain, and the impact of these policies have had or are reasonably likely to have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

See Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Report for further discussion of significant accounting policies.

Contracts and Revenue Recognition

We generally recognize contract revenue and resulting income over time based on the measurement of the extent of progress toward completion using total costs incurred as a percentage of the total estimated project costs for individual performance obligations. We review contract price and cost estimates periodically as the work progresses and reflect adjustments proportionate to the percentage-of-completion in income in the period when those estimates are revised. If a current estimate of total contract costs indicates a loss on a contract, the projected loss is recognized in full when determined. It is possible that current estimates could materially change for various reasons, including, but not limited to, fluctuations in forecasted labor productivity or raw material prices. We routinely review estimates related to our contracts, and revisions to profitability are reflected in the quarterly and annual earnings we report. The aggregate impact of changes in estimates increased our revenue and operating income as follows:

(In thousands)

(1) During the year ended December 31, 2024, no adjustments to any one contract had a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, our Government Operations segment results were favorably impacted by contract adjustments related to a nuclear contract which resulted in an increase in operating income of $22.5 million. Our Government Operations segment also recognized favorable adjustments totaling $27.9 million as a result of the successful negotiation of change orders related to cost growth that was driven by out-of-scope changes associated with the manufacture of non-nuclear components.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, our Government Operations segment results were negatively affected by contract adjustments for cost growth related to the manufacture of non-nuclear components which resulted in a decrease in operating income of $11.3 million.

Contracts may be modified at the request of our customer or initiated by us to amend all or part of an existing contract, including contract type. Depending on the nature of the modification, we consider whether to account for the modification as an adjustment to the existing contract or as a separate contract. Modifications to our contracts are generally accounted for as if they were part of the existing contract as these modifications are not distinct from the existing contract and accounted for as a cumulative adjustment to revenue.

Although we continually strive to improve our ability to estimate our contract costs and profitability, adjustments to overall contract costs due to unforeseen events could be significant in future periods. We recognize contract change orders or changes in scope of work in contract revenues, to the extent of costs incurred, when we believe collection is probable and can be reasonably estimated. We recognize income from claims when formally agreed with the customer. We regularly assess the collectability of contract revenues and receivables from customers.

Pension Plans and Postretirement Benefits

We utilize actuarial and other assumptions in calculating the cost and benefit obligations of our pension and postretirement benefits. The assumptions utilized in the determination of our cost and obligations include assumptions regarding discount rates, expected returns on plan assets, mortality and health care cost trends. The assumptions utilized represent our best estimates based on historical experience and other factors.

We calculate the majority of our pension costs under both financial accounting standards ("FAS") in accordance with GAAP and CAS in accordance with the FAR. We have prepared our consolidated financial statements and segment reporting disclosures utilizing pension costs calculated under FAS. Pension costs calculated under CAS are utilized as the basis for recovery of pension costs on our U.S. Government contracts. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, our CAS pension costs attributed to U.S. Government contracts totaled $20.5 million, $13.6 million and $11.7 million, respectively. The amount of recoverable CAS pension costs recognized as revenue on an annual basis may differ from the amounts noted above. See further discussion of our accounting for contracts and revenue recognition above and in Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Report.

Actual experience that differs from these assumptions or future changes in assumptions will affect our recognized benefit obligations and related costs. We immediately recognize net actuarial gains and losses in earnings in the fourth quarter as a component of net periodic benefit cost. Net actuarial gains and losses occur when actual experience differs from any of the various assumptions used to value our pension and postretirement benefit plans or when assumptions, which are revisited annually through our update of our actuarial valuations, change due to current market conditions or underlying demographic changes. The primary factors contributing to net actuarial gains and losses are changes in the discount rate used to value the obligations as of the measurement date each year and the difference between the actual return on plan assets and the expected return on plan assets. The effect of changes in the discount rate and expected rate of return on plan assets assumptions in combination with the actual return on plan assets can result in significant changes in our estimated pension and postretirement benefit cost and our consolidated financial condition.

The following sensitivity analysis shows the impact of a 25 basis point change in the assumed discount rate and return on plan assets on our FAS pension benefit plan obligations and expense for the year ended December 31, 2024:

(In millions)

(1) Excludes effect of annual mark to market adjustment.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Each year, we evaluate goodwill at each reporting unit to assess recoverability, and impairments, if any, are recognized in earnings. We perform a qualitative analysis when we believe that there is sufficient excess fair value over carrying value based on our most recent quantitative assessment, adjusted for relevant facts and circumstances that could affect fair value. Deterioration in macroeconomic, industry and market conditions, cost factors, overall financial performance, share price decline or entity and reporting unit specific events could cause us to believe a qualitative test is no longer appropriate.

When we determine that it is appropriate to test goodwill for impairment utilizing a quantitative test, we compare the fair value of a reporting unit to its carrying amount, including goodwill. We utilize both the income and market valuation approaches to provide inputs into the estimate of the fair value of our reporting units, which would be considered by market participants.

Under the income valuation approach, we employ a discounted cash flow model to estimate the fair value of each reporting unit. This model requires the use of significant estimates and assumptions regarding future revenues, costs, margins, capital expenditures, changes in working capital, terminal year growth rate and cost of capital. Our cash flow models are based on our forecasted results for the applicable reporting units. Actual results could differ materially from our projections. Some assumptions, such as future revenues, costs and changes in working capital are company driven and could be affected by a loss of one or more significant contracts or customers, failure to control costs on certain contracts, a decline in U.S. Government funding or a decline in demand based on changing economic or regulatory conditions. Changes in external market conditions may affect certain other assumptions, such as the cost of capital. Market conditions can be volatile and are outside of our control.

Under the market valuation approach, we employ the guideline publicly traded company method, which indicates the fair value of the equity of each reporting unit by comparing it to publicly traded companies in similar lines of business. After identifying and selecting guideline companies, we analyze their business and financial profiles for relative similarity. Factors such as size, growth, risk and profitability are analyzed and compared to each of our reporting units. Assumptions include the selection of our peer companies and use of market multiples, which could increase or decrease based on the profitability of our competitors and performance of their stock, which is often dependent on the performance of the stock market and general economy as a whole.

Adverse changes in the assumptions utilized in our impairment test could cause a reduction or elimination of excess fair value over carrying value, resulting in potential recognition of impairment. If the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment charge is recorded to goodwill in the amount by which the carrying value exceeds fair value.

We completed our annual review of goodwill for each of our reporting units for the year ended December 31, 2024, which indicated that we had no impairment of goodwill. The fair value of our reporting units was substantially in excess of carrying value.

Each year, we evaluate indefinite-lived intangible assets to assess recoverability, and impairments, if any, are recognized in earnings. We perform a qualitative assessment when testing indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment to determine whether events or circumstances that could affect the significant inputs used in determining fair value have occurred that indicate that it is more likely than not that the indefinite-lived intangible asset is impaired. Deterioration in macroeconomic, industry and market conditions, cost factors or overall financial performance could cause us to believe a qualitative test is no longer appropriate. When quantitative assessments are performed, we primarily utilize income-based valuation approaches. Under the income-based valuation approach, we employ a relief from royalty method of valuation. This method requires significant assumptions, including assumed royalty rate, future revenues and cost of capital. Assumptions related to operating performance, such as future revenues, could be affected by loss of a customer contract, a decline in U.S. Government funding or a decline in demand based on changing economic or regulatory conditions. Changes in external market conditions may affect certain other assumptions, such as the cost of capital. Market conditions can be volatile and are outside of our control.

Adverse changes in these assumptions utilized within our indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment test could cause a reduction or elimination of excess fair value over carrying value, resulting in potential recognition of impairment.

We have completed our annual review of our indefinite-lived intangible assets for the year ended December 31, 2024, which indicated that we had no impairment. The fair value of our indefinite-lived intangible assets was substantially in excess of carrying value.

Asset Retirement Obligations and Environmental Cleanup Costs

We accrue for future decommissioning of our nuclear facilities that will permit the release of these facilities to unrestricted use at the end of each facility's service life, which is a requirement of our licenses from the NRC and the CNSC. In estimating fair value, we use present value of cash flows expected to be incurred in settling our obligations. To the extent possible, we perform a marketplace assessment of the cost and timing of performing the retirement activities. We apply a credit-adjusted risk-free interest rate to our expected cash flows in our determination of fair value. Actual costs incurred to decommission our facilities may differ from the accreted liability. For environmental liabilities associated with assets that we no longer operate, we have accrued amounts based on the estimated costs of cleanup activities, net of the anticipated effect of any applicable cost-sharing arrangements. We adjust the estimated costs as further information develops or circumstances change. Given the long-lived nature of these facilities, we are required to estimate retirement costs that will be incurred in the future, which may extend up to 40 years at the time the asset retirement obligation is established. Due to the significance of the remaining useful life of these facilities, the timing of retirement and future costs for material components of the asset retirement obligations, such as labor and waste disposal fees, could differ from our estimates. An exception to this accounting treatment relates to the work we perform for two facilities for which the U.S. Government is obligated to pay substantially all the decommissioning costs.

Results of Operations – Years Ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022

Selected financial highlights are presented in the table below:

(In thousands)

This section discusses our 2024 and 2023 results of operations and contains year-to-year comparisons between 2024 and 2023. Discussions of our 2023 results and year-to-year comparisons between 2023 and 2022 that are not included in this Report can be found in Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Consolidated Results of Operations

Year Ended December 31, 2024 vs. 2023

Consolidated revenues increased 8.3%, or $207.3 million, to $2,703.7 million in the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to $2,496.3 million in 2023, due to increases in revenues in our Government Operations and Commercial Operations segments of $154.0 million and $57.6 million, respectively.

Consolidated operating income decreased $2.5 million to $380.6 million in the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to $383.1 million in 2023. Operating income in our Government Operations and Commercial Operations segments increased $5.5 million and $9.3 million, respectively. These increases were more than offset by an increase in Unallocated Corporate expenses of $15.8 million when compared to the prior year.

Government Operations

(In thousands)

Year Ended December 31, 2024 vs. 2023

Revenues increased 7.5%, or $151.7 million, to $2,183.0 million in the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to $2,031.3 million in 2023. The increase was primarily driven by higher volume in the manufacture of nuclear components for U.S. Government programs of $138.7 million when compared to the prior year. Continued growth in design and engineering work executed by our advanced technologies business, particularly in the defense market, resulted in additional revenues of $62.2 million. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in revenues associated with our downblending operations as well as a decrease in revenues caused by the timing of long-lead material procurements of $36.5 million and $24.7 million, respectively.

Operating income increased $3.2 million to $377.9 million in the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to $374.7 million in 2023, primarily driven by the operating income impact of the changes in revenues noted above.

Commercial Operations

(In thousands)

Year Ended December 31, 2024 vs. 2023

Revenues increased 12.4%, or $57.6 million, to $524.0 million in the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to $466.3 million in 2023. The increase was primarily related to higher revenues in nuclear components, medical radioisotopes, fuel handling and fuel fabrication, partially offset by lower revenues related to on-site refurbishment work when compared to the prior year.

Operating income increased $9.3 million to $46.8 million in the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to $37.5 million in 2023. The increase was primarily due to the increase in revenues noted above as well as a favorable shift in our product mix which was partially offset by a $4.4 million increase in expenses associated with due diligence and restructuring-related activities when compared to the prior year.

Unallocated Corporate

Unallocated Corporate expenses increased $14.9 million to $44.1 million in the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to $29.2 million in 2023. During the third quarter of 2023, we undertook several initiatives to transform our current information technology infrastructure and to improve the effectiveness of our digital framework. These initiatives are expected to continue into 2026 and accounted for increases in expense of $9.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. We also experienced an increase in legal and consulting costs associated with due diligence activities of $4.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in unallocated healthcare costs when compared to the prior year.

Other Income (Expense)

During the year ended December 31, 2024, other income (expense) increased $29.8 million to a loss of $31.9 million compared to a loss of $61.7 million in 2023. Included in other income (expense) are components of net periodic benefit cost, which include mark to market adjustments due to our immediate recognition of net actuarial gains (losses) for our pension and postretirement benefit plans which changed to a gain of $0.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to a loss of $20.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. This was caused by a decrease in losses related to mark to market adjustments totaling $20.2 million. In addition, we experienced a decrease in interest expense of $7.6 million in 2024 when compared to the prior year due primarily to a decrease in borrowings coupled with a decline in the weighted-average interest rate on outstanding borrowings under our Credit Facility, as defined below.

Provision for Income Taxes

(In thousands)

For the year ended December 31, 2024, our provision for income taxes decreased $8.7 million to $66.4 million, while income before provision for income taxes increased $27.3 million to $348.7 million when compared to the prior year. Our effective tax rate was 19.0% for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to 23.4% for the year ended December 31, 2023. Our effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2024 was lower than the U.S. corporate income tax rate of 21% primarily due to increased benefits from U.S. federal research and development tax credits. Our effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2023 was higher than the U.S. corporate income tax rate of 21% primarily due to state income taxes within the U.S. and the unfavorable rate differential associated with our non-U.S. earnings.

See Note 5 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Report for further information on income taxes.

Effects of Inflation and Changing Prices

Our financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP, using historical U.S. dollar accounting ("historical cost"). Statements based on historical cost, however, do not adequately reflect the cumulative effect of increasing costs and changes in the purchasing power of the U.S. dollar, especially during times of significant and continued inflation.

In order to minimize the negative impact of inflation on our operations, we attempt to cover the increased cost of anticipated changes in labor, material and service costs, either through an estimate of those changes, which we reflect in the original price, or through price escalation clauses in our contracts. However, there can be no assurance we will be able to cover all changes in cost using this strategy.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our overall liquidity position, which we generally define as our unrestricted cash and cash equivalents plus amounts available for borrowings under our credit facility, increased by approximately $148.6 million to $797.7 million at December 31, 2024 compared to $649.1 million at December 31, 2023, primarily attributable to improvements in operating cash flows which were used, in part, to repay borrowings under our Revolving Credit Facility, as defined below. We experienced net cash generated from operations in each of the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022. Typically, the fourth quarter has been the period of highest cash flows from operating activities because of the timing of payments received from the U.S. Government on accounts receivable retainages and cash dividends received from our joint ventures.

Credit Facility

On October 12, 2022, we entered into an Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the "Credit Facility") with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent, and the other lenders party thereto, which amended and restated our then existing secured credit facility (the "Former Credit Facility"), which consisted of a $750 million senior secured revolving credit facility. The Credit Facility consists of a $750 million senior secured revolving credit facility (the "Revolving Credit Facility") and a $250 million senior secured term A loan (the "Term Loan"). The Revolving Credit Facility and the Term Loan are scheduled to mature on October 12, 2027. All proceeds from the Term Loan were used to repay outstanding indebtedness under the Former Credit Facility. The proceeds of loans under the Credit Facility are available for working capital needs, permitted acquisitions and other general corporate purposes.

The Credit Facility allows for additional parties to become lenders and, subject to certain conditions, for the increase of the commitments under the Credit Facility, subject to an aggregate maximum for all additional commitments of (1) the greater of (a) $400 million and (b) 100% of EBITDA, as defined in the Credit Facility, for the last four full fiscal quarters, plus (2) all voluntary prepayments of the Term Loan, plus (3) additional amounts provided the Company is in compliance with a pro forma first lien leverage ratio test of less than or equal to 2.50 to 1.00.

The Company's obligations under the Credit Facility are guaranteed, subject to certain exceptions, by substantially all of the Company's present and future wholly owned domestic restricted subsidiaries. The Credit Facility is secured by first-priority liens on certain assets owned by the Company and its subsidiary guarantors (other than its subsidiaries comprising a portion of its Government Operations segment).

The Credit Facility requires interest payments on outstanding loans on a periodic basis until maturity. We were required to make quarterly amortization payments on the Term Loan in an amount equal to 0.625% of the initial aggregate principal amount of the Term Loan on the last business day of each quarter beginning the quarter ending March 31, 2023 and ending the quarter ending December 31, 2024 and are now required to make quarterly amortization payments in an amount equal to 1.25% of the initial aggregate principal amount of the Term Loan on the last business day of each quarter ending after December 31, 2024, with the balance of the Term Loan due at maturity. We may prepay all loans under the Credit Facility at any time without premium or penalty (other than customary Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") breakage costs), subject to notice requirements.

The Credit Facility includes financial covenants that are evaluated on a quarterly basis, based on the rolling four-quarter period that ends on the last day of each fiscal quarter. The maximum permitted leverage ratio is 4.00 to 1.00, which may be increased to 4.50 to 1.00 for up to four consecutive fiscal quarters after a material acquisition. The minimum consolidated interest coverage ratio is 3.00 to 1.00. In addition, the Credit Facility contains various restrictive covenants, including with respect to debt, liens, investments, mergers, acquisitions, dividends, equity repurchases and asset sales. As of December 31, 2024, we were in compliance with all covenants set forth in the Credit Facility.

Outstanding loans under the Credit Facility bear interest at our option at either (1) the Term SOFR plus a credit spread adjustment of 0.10% plus a margin ranging from 1.0% to 1.75% per year or (2) the base rate plus a margin ranging from 0.0% to 0.75% per year. We are charged a commitment fee on the unused portion of the Revolving Credit Facility, and that fee ranges from 0.15% to 0.225% per year. Additionally, we are charged a letter of credit fee of between 1.0% and 1.75% per year with respect to the amount of each financial letter of credit issued under the Revolving Credit Facility, and a letter of credit fee of between 0.75% and 1.05% per year with respect to the amount of each performance letter of credit issued under the Revolving Credit Facility. The applicable margin for loans, the commitment fee and the letter of credit fees set forth above will vary quarterly based on our consolidated total net leverage ratio. Based on the total net leverage ratio applicable at December 31, 2024, the margin for Term SOFR and base rate loans was 1.25% and 0.25%, respectively, the letter of credit fee for financial letters of credit and performance letters of credit was 1.25% and 0.825%, respectively, and the commitment fee for the unused portion of the Revolving Credit Facility was 0.175%.

As of December 31, 2024, borrowings under our Term Loan totaled $237.5 million, borrowings and letters of credit issued under the Revolving Credit Facility totaled $25.0 million and $1.4 million, respectively, and we had $723.6 million available under the Revolving Credit Facility for borrowings and to meet letter of credit requirements. As of December 31, 2024, the weighted-average interest rate on outstanding borrowings under our Credit Facility was 5.72%.

The Credit Facility generally includes customary events of default for a secured credit facility. Under the Credit Facility, (1) if an event of default relating to bankruptcy or other insolvency events occur with respect to the Company, all related obligations will immediately become due and payable; (2) if any other event of default exists, the lenders will be permitted to accelerate the maturity of the related obligations outstanding; and (3) if any event of default exists, the lenders will be permitted to terminate their commitments thereunder and exercise other rights and remedies, including the commencement of foreclosure or other actions against the collateral.

If any default occurs under the Credit Facility, or if we are unable to make any of the representations and warranties in the Credit Facility, we will be unable to borrow funds or have letters of credit issued under the Credit Facility.

Senior Notes due 2028

We issued $400 million aggregate principal amount of 4.125% senior notes due 2028 (the "Senior Notes due 2028") pursuant to an indenture dated June 12, 2020 (the "2020 Indenture"), among the Company, certain of our subsidiaries, as guarantors, and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association (formerly known as U.S. Bank National Association) ("U.S. Bank"), as trustee. The Senior Notes due 2028 are guaranteed by each of the Company's present and future direct and indirect wholly owned domestic subsidiaries that is a guarantor under the Credit Facility.

Interest on the Senior Notes due 2028 is payable semi-annually in cash in arrears on June 30 and December 30 of each year at a rate of 4.125% per annum. The Senior Notes due 2028 will mature on June 30, 2028.

We may redeem the Senior Notes due 2028, in whole or in part, at any time on or after June 30, 2024 at a redemption price equal to (i) 101.031% of the principal amount to be redeemed if the redemption occurs during the 12-month period beginning on June 30, 2024 and (ii) 100.0% of the principal amount to be redeemed if the redemption occurs on or after June 30, 2025, in each case plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date.

The 2020 Indenture contains customary events of default, including, among other things, payment default, failure to comply with covenants or agreements contained in the 2020 Indenture or the Senior Notes due 2028 and certain provisions related to bankruptcy events. The 2020 Indenture also contains customary negative covenants. As of December 31, 2024, we were in compliance with all covenants set forth in the 2020 Indenture and the Senior Notes due 2028.

Senior Notes due 2029

We issued $400 million aggregate principal amount of 4.125% senior notes due 2029 (the "Senior Notes due 2029") pursuant to an indenture dated April 13, 2021 (the "2021 Indenture"), among the Company, certain of our subsidiaries, as guarantors, and U.S. Bank, as trustee. The Senior Notes due 2029 are guaranteed by each of the Company's present and future direct and indirect wholly owned domestic subsidiaries that is a guarantor under the Credit Facility.

Interest on the Senior Notes due 2029 is payable semi-annually in cash in arrears on April 15 and October 15 of each year at a rate of 4.125% per annum. The Senior Notes due 2029 will mature on April 15, 2029.

We may redeem the Senior Notes due 2029, in whole or in part, at any time on or after April 15, 2024 at a redemption price equal to (i) 102.063% of the principal amount to be redeemed if the redemption occurs during the 12-month period beginning on April 15, 2024, (ii) 101.031% of the principal amount to be redeemed if the redemption occurs during the 12-month period beginning on April 15, 2025 and (iii) 100.0% of the principal amount to be redeemed if the redemption occurs on or after April 15, 2026, in each case plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date.

The 2021 Indenture contains customary events of default, including, among other things, payment default, failure to comply with covenants or agreements contained in the 2021 Indenture or the Senior Notes due 2029 and certain provisions related to bankruptcy events. The 2021 Indenture also contains customary negative covenants. As of December 31, 2024, we were in compliance with all covenants set forth in the 2021 Indenture and the Senior Notes due 2029.

Other Arrangements

We have posted surety bonds to support regulatory and contractual obligations for certain decommissioning responsibilities, projects and legal matters. We utilize surety bond facilities to support such obligations, but the issuance of surety bonds under those facilities is typically at the surety's discretion, and the surety bond facilities generally permit the surety, in its sole discretion, to terminate the facility or demand collateral. Although there can be no assurance that we will maintain our surety bond capacity, we believe our current capacity is adequate to support our existing requirements for the next 12 months. In addition, these surety bonds generally indemnify the beneficiaries should we fail to perform our obligations under the applicable agreements. We, and certain of our subsidiaries, have jointly executed general agreements of indemnity in favor of surety underwriters relating to surety bonds those underwriters issue. As of December 31, 2024, surety bonds issued and outstanding under these arrangements totaled approximately $278.7 million.

Similarly, we have provided letters of credit and bank guarantees to governmental agencies and contractual counterparties to support regulatory and contractual obligations for certain decommissioning responsibilities, projects and legal matters. We utilize our Revolving Credit Facility and a bilateral letter of credit facility to support such obligations, but the issuance of letters of credit and bank guarantees under our bilateral letter of credit facility is at the issuer’s discretion, and our bilateral letter of credit facility generally permits the issuer, in its sole discretion, to demand collateral if the issuer does not otherwise have the benefit of the collateral under our Credit Facility. Although there can be no assurance that we will maintain our bilateral letter of credit capacity, we believe our current capacity, together with capacity under our Revolving Credit Facility, is adequate to support our existing requirements for the next 12 months. As of December 31, 2024, letters of credit and bank guarantees issued and outstanding under our bilateral letter of credit facility totaled approximately $33.7 million, and such letters of credit and bank guarantees are secured by the collateral under our Credit Facility.

Other

Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Investments

In the aggregate, our cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents and investments increased by $0.1 million to $91.2 million at December 31, 2024 from $91.1 million at December 31, 2023, primarily due to the items discussed below. Our domestic and foreign cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents and investments as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 were as follows:

(In thousands)

Our working capital increased by $13.0 million to $455.8 million at December 31, 2024 from $442.8 million at December 31, 2023, primarily attributable to the change in income taxes receivable and prepaid expenses which was partially offset by the timing of project cash flows.

Our net cash provided by operating activities increased by $44.7 million to $408.4 million in the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to $363.7 million in the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase in cash provided by operating activities was primarily attributable to the timing of project cash flows.

Our net cash used in investing activities decreased by $1.1 million to $154.6 million in the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to $155.6 million in the year ended December 31, 2023. No single item had a significant impact on the change in cash used in investing activities.

Our net cash used in financing activities increased by $83.4 million to $252.8 million in the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to cash used in financing activities of $169.4 million in the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase in cash used in financing activities was primarily attributable to a reduction in net borrowings of long-term debt of $75.0 million and an increase in repurchases of common stock of $20.0 million.

At December 31, 2024, we had long-term investments with a fair value of $10.6 million. Our investment portfolio consists primarily of corporate bonds and mutual funds.

Cash Requirements

We believe we have sufficient cash and cash equivalents and borrowing capacity, along with cash generated from operations and continued access to debt markets, to satisfy our cash requirements for the next 12 months and beyond.

Our cash requirements as of December 31, 2024 include the following contractual obligations:

(In thousands)

Our contingent commitments under letters of credit and surety bonds currently outstanding expire as follows:

(In thousands)

Other cash requirements include, among other things, capital expenditures, payment of dividends, repurchases of common stock, capital contributions for joint ventures and contributions to our pension and other postretirement benefit plans.

Since 2017, we have made considerable investments in property, plant and equipment to support the growth of our Government Operations and Commercial Operations segments. Significant projects included the expansion of Government Operations facilities to support increased demand from the U.S. Government and the commercialization of our medical radioisotope technology in our Commercial Operations segment. We expect these heightened spending levels to decline as these capital expansion projects are largely complete.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, we paid $88.3 million in dividends to holders of our common stock. The declaration and payment of future dividends will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend upon many factors, including our financial condition, earnings, capital requirements of our business, legal and regulatory requirements and other factors that our Board of Directors may deem relevant.

In April 2021, our Board of Directors authorized us to repurchase an indeterminate number of shares of our common stock up to an aggregate market value of $500 million. As of December 31, 2024, the total remaining share repurchase authorization was $377.6 million. See Item 5 of this Report for additional share repurchase information.

As discussed in Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Report, on January 3, 2025, we completed the acquisition of A.O.T., for approximately $105.5 million, subject to certain working capital adjustments. In addition, on December 27, 2024, we entered into an agreement to acquire Kinectrics for approximately CAD 782.7 million, including the assumption of Kinectrics' net pension and debt liabilities, and estimated transaction expenses. The Kinectrics acquisition is targeted to close in the middle of 2025 at which time we expect to make a cash investment of approximately $525.0 million U.S. dollar equivalent.

We expect cash requirements totaling approximately $7.8 million and $1.2 million for contributions to our pension plans and other postretirement benefit plans, respectively, in 2025.

Our exposure to market risk from changes in interest rates relates primarily to our debt instruments. Our borrowings include both fixed and variable interest rate debt. At December 31, 2024, we had (i) $237.5 million in outstanding borrowings under our Term Loan, $25.0 million in outstanding borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility, $1.4 million in letters of credit issued under the Revolving Credit Facility and $723.6 million available under the Credit Facility, (ii) an aggregate principal amount of $400 million of Senior Notes due 2028 and (iii) an aggregate principal amount of $400 million of Senior Notes due 2029. See the heading "Liquidity and Capital Resources" in Item 7 of this Report for additional information on our debt instruments.

We also have exposure from changes in interest rates related to our cash equivalents and our investment portfolio, which consists primarily of corporate bonds and mutual funds. We are averse to principal loss and seek to ensure the safety and preservation of our invested funds by limiting default risk, market risk and reinvestment risk.

We have operations in foreign locations, and, as a result, our financial results could be significantly affected by factors such as changes in foreign currency exchange ("FX") rates or weak economic conditions in those foreign markets. In order to manage the operational risks associated with FX rate fluctuations, we attempt to hedge those risks with FX derivative instruments. Historically, we have hedged those risks with FX forward contracts. At December 31, 2024, the fair values of our outstanding derivative instruments were not significant. We do not enter into speculative derivative positions.

Interest Rate Sensitivity

The following tables provide information about our financial instruments that are sensitive to changes in interest rates. The tables present principal cash flows and related weighted-average interest rates by expected maturity dates.

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Exchange Rate Sensitivity

The following table provides information about our FX forward contracts outstanding at December 31, 2024 and presents such information in U.S. dollar equivalents. The table presents notional amounts and related weighted-average FX rates by expected (contractual) maturity dates and constitutes a forward-looking statement. These notional amounts generally are used to calculate the contractual payments to be exchanged under the contract. The average contractual FX rates are expressed using market convention, which is dependent on the currencies being bought and sold under the forward contract.

Forward Contracts to Purchase Foreign Currencies in U.S. Dollars (in thousands)

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Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of the end of the period covered by this Report, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as that term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) adopted by the SEC under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act")). Our disclosure controls and procedures were developed through a process in which our management applied its judgment in assessing the costs and benefits of such controls and procedures, which, by their nature, can provide only reasonable assurance regarding the control objectives. It should be noted that the design of any system of disclosure controls and procedures is based in part upon various assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and we cannot assure that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions, regardless of how remote. Based on the evaluation referred to above, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective as of December 31, 2024 to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC and such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including its principal executives and principal financial officers or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as that term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) and for our assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting.

Our internal control over financial reporting includes policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of our consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and Board of Directors; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on the framework established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. This assessment included an evaluation of the design of our internal control over financial reporting and testing of the operational effectiveness of those controls. Based on our assessment under the criteria described above, management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2024. Deloitte & Touche LLP has issued an attestation report on our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, and their report is included in this Item 9A.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2024 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of BWX Technologies, Inc.:

Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of BWX Technologies, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024, of the Company and our report dated February 24, 2025, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.

Basis for Opinion

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/S/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP

Charlotte, North Carolina

February 24, 2025