Ernexa Therapeutics Inc.: Form 10-K for the period ended Dec 31, 2015

About Our Business and How We Talk About It

We deliver interactive entertainment and innovative dining technology to bars and restaurants in North America. Our customers license our customizable solution to differentiate themselves via competitive fun by offering guests trivia, card, sports and arcade games, nationwide competitions, and self-service dining features including dynamic menus, touchscreen ordering and secure payment. Our platform can improve operating efficiencies, create connections among the players and venues and amplify guests’ positive experiences. Built on an extended network platform, our interactive entertainment system has historically allowed multiple players to interact at the venue, and now also enables competition between venues, referred to as massively multiplayer gaming. Our current tablet platform, which we refer to as Buzztime Entertainment On Demand, or BEOND, was first introduced as a pilot program in December 2012, was expanded commercially during 2013, and the expansion was scaled during 2014. We continue to enhance our network architecture and the BEOND technology platform and player engagement paradigms. We also continue to support our legacy network product line, which we refer to as Classic.

We currently generate revenue by charging subscription fees for our service to our network subscribers, by leasing equipment (including tablets used in our BEOND tablet platform and the cases and charging trays for the tablets) to certain network subscribers, by hosting live trivia events, and by selling advertising aired on in-venue screens and as part of customized games. In 2014, we began offering pay-to-play premium content to certain customers via our BEOND tablet platform, such as paid arcade. During the second quarter of 2015, we made a strategic change in our premium content model by making the arcade offering available on both a free-to-consumer and pay-to-play basis. This change required us to delay the general availability of the pay-to-play arcade offering as we retooled its content, workflow and positioning. As a result, during 2015, we generated additional subscription fee revenue from those venues offering free-to-consumer arcade. We anticipate rolling out the new pay-to-play arcade offering during the second quarter of 2016.

Over 115 million games were played on our network during 2015. Additionally, as of December 31, 2015, our mobile application has been installed on over 1.5 million consumer mobile devices. As of December 31, 2015, approximately 48% of our network subscriber venues are affiliated with national and regional restaurant brands, including Buffalo Wild Wings, Old Chicago, Beef O’Brady’s, Buffalo Wings & Rings, Native New Yorker, Houlihans, Boston Pizza, and Arooga’s.

We own several trademarks and consider the Buzztime®, Playmaker®, Mobile Playmaker, BEOND Powered by Buzztime and Play Along trademarks to be among our most valuable assets. These and our other registered and unregistered trademarks used in this document are our property. Other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

Unless otherwise indicated, references in this report: (a) to “Buzztime,” “NTN,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to NTN Buzztime, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries; (b) to “network subscribers” or “customers” refer to hospitality venues that subscribe to our network service; (c) to “consumers” or “players” refer to the individuals that engage in our games, events, and entertainment experiences available at our customers’ venues and (d) to “venues” or “sites” refer to locations (such as a bar or restaurant) of our customers at which our games, events, and entertainment experiences are available to consumers.

Recent Developments

Notice of non-compliance with NYSE MKT continued listing standard

As previously reported, in November 2015, we received a letter from the NYSE Regulation Inc. stating that we are not in compliance with Section 1003(a)(iii) of the NYSE MKT Company Guide because we reported stockholders’ equity of less than $6 million as of September 30, 2015 and had net losses in five of our most recent fiscal years ended December 31, 2014. In December 2015, we submitted a plan to NYSE Regulation advising of actions we have taken or will take to regain compliance with Section 1003(a)(iii) by May 13, 2017. In January 2016, NYSE Regulation notified us that it has accepted our plan and granted us a plan period that extends through May 13, 2017 to regain compliance with Section 1003(a)(iii). The listing of our common stock on the NYSE MKT is being continued during the plan period pursuant to an extension. The NYSE Regulation staff will review us periodically for compliance with initiatives outlined in our plan. If we are not in compliance with Section 1003(a)(iii) by May 13, 2017 or if we do not make progress consistent with our plan during the plan period, NYSE Regulation staff will initiate delisting proceedings as appropriate. See “ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS—Risks Relating to the Market for Our Common Stock—Our common stock could be delisted or suspended from trading on the NYSE MKT if we fail to maintain compliance with continued listing criteria,” below.

East West Bank Credit Facility

In April 2015, we entered into a loan and security agreement with East West Bank, or the lender, pursuant to which, we could request advances in an aggregate outstanding amount at any time up to the lesser of $7,500,000, which we refer to as the revolving line, or an amount equal to our borrowing base, in each case, less the aggregate outstanding principal amount of prior advances. In March 2016, we entered into an amendment (the “Amendment”) to the loan and security agreement. The loan and security agreement as amended by the Amendment is referred to as the “Amended Loan Agreement.”

Under the Amended Loan Agreement, through March 31, 2017, we may request advances in an aggregate outstanding amount at any time up to the lesser of (a) the revolving line or (b) the sum of $2,000,000 (which we refer to as the “sublimit”) plus the amount equal to our borrowing base, in each case, less the aggregate outstanding principal amount of prior advances. On March 31, 2017, the sublimit becomes zero. If the aggregate amount of advances as of March 31, 2017 exceeds the lesser of the revolving line or the amount equal to our borrowing base, then we must pay the lender the amount of such excess.

Other changes to the original terms of the loan and security agreement made under the Amendment are:

• Under the original terms of the loan and security agreement, our borrowing base was, as of the date of determination, an amount equal to the product of: (a) the average monthly recurring revenue for the immediately preceding three months; times (b) one plus our average churn rate for the immediately preceding three months (not to exceed zero); times (c) 300%. The manner in which our borrowing base is determined is unchanged under the Amendment, except that our monthly recurring revenue is limited to all recurring subscription revenue attributable to software that we sold or licensed and all recurring revenue relating to services we delivered and 50% of all revenue attributable to our “Stump” product line.
• All advances under the revolving line are due on December 31, 2017 as opposed to April 14, 2018 as was the case under the original terms.
• On or before March 31, 2017, advances will bear interest, at our option, at the rate of either (A) a variable rate per annum equal to the prime rate as set forth in The Wall Street Journal plus 2.75%, up from 1.25% under the original terms, or (B) at a fixed rate per annum equal to the LIBOR Rate for the interest period for the advance plus 5.50%, up from 4.00% under the original terms. After March 31, 2017, the interest rates will revert to their original terms.
• Our financial covenants with respect to our minimum adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, or adjusted EBITDA, changed from a six-month measurement period to a three-month measurement period, beginning with the three month period ending March 31, 2016, and, accordingly, the minimum adjusted EBITDA targets we are required to achieve over each of the three month measurement periods were changed.
• The Amendment provides for two additional financial covenants: (a) that we maintain a balance on deposit with the lender equal to (i) on March 31, 2017, 100% of the aggregate outstanding principal amount of the advances at such time, and (ii) at all times after March 31, 2017, an amount determined by the lender based on our 2017 financial projections; and (b) that the sum of the following be not less than $2,000,000: (i) the aggregate amount of unrestricted cash that we hold in accounts maintained with the lender and (ii) the amount available to us under the Amended Loan Agreement.
• The aggregate amount that we owe under our current credit facility with our equipment lender at any time is no longer limited to $2,500,000.
• With the lender’s consent, we may incur additional indebtedness with other equipment lenders of up to $2,000,000 in the aggregate for equipment financing.

Under the Amendment, the lender also waived an event of default that occurred because we did not achieve the specified churn rate required under the loan and security agreement for the month ended January 31, 2016.

For additional information regarding this credit facility, see “PART II—ITEM 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources,” below.

Our Strategy

We have historically operated under a subscription-based model where our primary source of revenue was monthly subscription fees from network subscribers. Although we expect that subscription fees will remain our primary source of revenue, we believe there are other transactional consumer revenue streams that could grow as a result of our investment in the BEOND tablet platform, such as revenue generated directly from consumers who pay to play or use our premium content. Our strategy for achieving revenue growth includes the following:

• Scale digital menu and payment functionality. As of December 31, 2015, approximately 61% of our total sites, including 100% of Buffalo Wild Wing sites, were on our BEOND tablet platform, compared to 37% of our total sites at the end of 2014. Having achieved this scale of BEOND tablet platform sites, we can now focus more heavily on delivering digital menu and payment functionality on the tablet platform, which is designed to improve the operational and marketing value of our product offering. During 2015, we continued testing our digital menu functionality and added payment functionality at some of the locations of one of our chain customers, Arooga’s Grill House and Sports Bar. Now that we have all of the Buffalo Wild Wings locations on our BEOND tablet platform, we can focus on providing this same functionality in a pilot test with Buffalo Wild Wings during 2016, which should help provide a national reference for other chain customers in our sales pipeline that are also looking for digital menu and payment functionality.
• Improve value and price for our “independent” customers. We are focused on increasing the value of our offering by improving game content and reducing the BEOND tablet platform cost to attract and retain quality independent customers. We have made significant strides in both of these areas during 2015:
• Game Content
• Jackpot Trivia, which we released in the second quarter of 2015, is the number one played trivia game in our network.
• Buzztime Sports, which is a football trivia game that we launched in the third quarter of 2015, allowed us to better understand how to drive play into our customer sites and how to better integrate social promotions.
• Sponsored Content, like Academy of Football, which was a branded game centered around college football and sponsored by both MillerCoors and Dr. Pepper, was launched during the fourth quarter of 2015 in participating locations across the country, and drove an 8% increase in sales for Dr. Pepper across those locations.

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• We believe the improved gaming content is more engaging and is an improved entertainment experience. As of December 31, 2015, we had over nine million player registrations, up from seven million at the end of 2014; tablet sessions increased approximately 80% from 11.5 million in 2014 to 20.8 million in 2015; and total games played increased approximately 40% from approximately 80 million in 2014 to approximately 115 million in 2015.
• The new gaming platform and the sponsorships have fostered new relationships. For example, during 2015 we began relationships with FanDuel and with the Washington Redskins. We will be testing a number of initiatives with FanDuel throughout 2016, such as special FanDuel tournaments with prizes just for our players, and plan to leverage Jackpot Trivia to create a Redskins sponsored edition that players in the Washington D.C. market can play to earn points and win experiential Redskins related prizes throughout several trivia seasons in 2016.
• BEOND tablet platform costs. As previously reported, during 2015, we experienced problems with our in-house designed and manufactured second generation BEOND tablet platform equipment, which resulted in significant repair expense and write-offs of obsolete components during 2015. We have since outsourced the design and manufacturing of our third generation BEOND tablet platform equipment to an unaffiliated third party, and have seen a reduction in its cost. During 2016, we will continue focusing on further reducing the cost for other components of the tablet platform.

Geographic Areas

The following table presents the geographic breakdown of our revenue for the last two fiscal years.

The following table presents the geographic breakdown of our long-term tangible assets for our last two fiscal years.

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Competition

We face direct competition in venues and face competition for total entertainment and marketing dollars in the marketplace from other companies offering similar content and services. A relatively small number of direct competitors are active in the hospitality marketing services and entertainment markets, including Ziosk, E la Carte, Inc. and Touchtunes Interactive Networks. Competing forms of technology, entertainment, and marketing available in hospitality venues include on-table bar and restaurant entertainment systems, music and video-based systems, live entertainment and games, cable, satellite and pay-per-view programming, coin-operated single-player games/amusements, and traffic-building promotions like happy hour specials and buffets.

In addition, we are increasingly competing with games, apps and other forms of entertainment offerings available directly to consumers on their smart phones and tablets.

Buzztime Significant Customer

Our customers range from small independently operated bars and restaurants to bars and restaurants operated by national chains. This results in diverse venue sizes and locations. As of December 31, 2015, 2,960 venues in the U.S. and Canada subscribed to our interactive entertainment network, of which, approximately one-third were Buffalo Wild Wings corporate-owned restaurants and its franchisees (collectively, “Buffalo Wild Wings”). For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, revenue generated from Buffalo Wild Wings was as follows:

As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, amounts included in accounts receivable from Buffalo Wild Wings was as follows:

Backlog

We historically have not had a significant backlog at any time because we have been able to deliver and install new systems at venues within a 30 day period. During 2014, we encountered challenges with the assembly of the cases for our BEOND tablet, which prevented us from delivering and installing new systems within the 30 day period, thereby creating a backlog. As of December 31, 2014, customer agreements worth approximately $1,416,000 were affected by the backlog. We determined the worth of such agreements based on the sum of the annualized amount of the subscription fees, which is recognized as revenue as the service is provided, and the amount of equipment lease revenue, if any, subject to such agreements, which is recognized as revenue upon installation of the equipment leased. During 2015, we resolved the case assembly issue, and as a result, we currently do not have any significant backlog.

Licensing, Trademarks, Copyrights and Patents

Our intellectual property assets, including patents, trademarks, and copyrights, are important to our business and, accordingly, we have programs in place designed to protect these assets.

We keep confidential as trade secrets our technology, know-how and software. Some of the hardware we use in our operations is customized, and all of it is purchased from outside vendors. We enter into agreements with third parties with whom we conduct business, which contain provisions designed to protect our intellectual property and to limit access to, and disclosure of, our proprietary information. We also enter into confidentiality and invention assignment agreements with our employees and contractors.

We have trademark protection for the names of our key proprietary programming, products, and services to the extent that we believe trademark protection is appropriate. We are expanding our efforts to protect these investments. We consider the Buzztime, Playmaker, Mobile Playmaker, BEOND Powered by Buzztime, PlayersPlus, and Play Along trademarks and our other related trademarks to be valuable assets, and we seek to protect them through a variety of actions. Our content, branding, and some of our game titles, such as Countdown, SIX, and Showdown are also protected by copyright and trademark law.

Government Contracts

We provide our content distribution services through the Buzztime network to colleges, universities, and a small number of government agencies, typically military base recreation units. However, the number of government customers is small compared to our overall customer base. We provide our products and services to government agencies under contracts with substantially the same terms and conditions as are in place with non-government customers.

Government Regulations

The cost of compliance with federal, state, and local laws has not had a material effect on our capital expenditures, earnings, or competitive position to date. In December 2012, we received approval from the Federal Communications Commission, or the FCC, for our BEOND tablet charging trays, and in September 2015, we received FCC approval for our third generation BEOND tablet cases with and without payment electronics. The BEOND tablets we currently use have been certified by its manufacturer.

In addition to laws and regulations applicable to businesses generally, we are also subject to laws and regulations that apply directly to the interactive entertainment and product marketing industries. Additionally, state and federal governments may adopt additional laws and regulations that address issues related to certain aspects of our business such as:

• user privacy;
• copyrights;
• gaming, lottery and alcohol beverage control regulations;
• consumer protection;
• the distribution of specific material or content; and
• the characteristics and quality of interactive entertainment products and services.

As part of our service, we operate games of chance and games of skill. These games are subject to regulation in many jurisdictions. Our games are played just for fun and winner recognition. None of our games award anything of value to winners. Included in our offering are a number of interactive card games, such as Texas Hold’em poker. These card games are restricted in certain jurisdictions. The laws and regulations that govern these games, however, vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction and are subject to legislative and regulatory change, as well as law enforcement discretion. We may find it necessary to eliminate, modify, or cancel certain components of our products in certain states or jurisdictions based on changes in law, regulations and law enforcement discretion, which could result in additional development costs and/or the possible loss of customers and revenue.

Web Site Access to SEC Filings

Our annual reports on F orm 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports, and proxy statements and other information we file or furnish pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act are available on our website at www.buzztime.com/business/investor-relations/ (http://www.buzztime.com/business/investor-relations/) under the heading SEC Filings as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such reports with, or furnish them to, the SEC. In addition, we make available on that same website under the heading Corporate Governance our (i) our code of conduct and ethics; (ii) our corporate governance guidelines; and (iii) the charter of each active committee of our board of directors. We intend to disclose any amendment to, or a waiver from, a provision of our code of conduct and ethics that applies to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions and that relates to any element of the code of ethics definition enumerated in paragraph (b) of Item 406 of Regulation S-K by posting such information on that website.

Materials we file with the SEC may also be read and copied at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC also maintains a website at www.sec.gov (http://www.sec.gov) that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding our company that we file electronically with the SEC.

Employees

As of March 4, 2016, we employed approximately 106 people on a full-time basis and 251 people on a part-time basis. We also utilize independent contractors for specific projects. None of our employees are represented by a labor union, and we believe our employee relations are satisfactory.

Our Corporate History

NTN Buzztime, Inc. was incorporated in Delaware in 1984 as Alroy Industries and changed its corporate name to NTN Communications, Inc. in 1985. The name was changed to NTN Buzztime, Inc. in 2005 to better reflect the growing role of the Buzztime consumer brand.

Risk Factors That May Affect Our Business

Our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows are subject to various risks, many of which are not exclusively within our control. These risks may cause actual performance to differ materially from historical or projected future performance. We urge investors to carefully consider the risk factors described below in evaluating the information contained in this report.

We may not be able to compete effectively within the highly competitive and evolving interactive games, entertainment and marketing services industries.

We face intense competition in the markets in which we operate. We face significant competition for entertainment and marketing services in hospitality venues from other companies offering similar content and services. Our services also compete with games, apps and other forms of entertainment offerings available directly to consumers on their smart phones and tablets. See “ITEM 1. Business—Competition,” above. Some of our current and potential competitors enjoy substantial competitive advantages, including greater financial resources for competitive activities, such as content development and programming, research and development, strategic acquisitions, alliances, joint ventures, and sales and marketing. As a result, our current and potential competitors may be able to respond more quickly and effectively than we can to new or changing opportunities, technologies, standards, or consumer preferences.

The increased availability of the internet and wireless networks provides consumers with an increasing number of alternatives to our entertainment offerings. With this increasing competition and the rapid pace of change in product and service offerings, we must be able to compete in terms of technology, content, and management strategy. If we fail to provide competitive, engaging, quality services and products, we will lose revenues to competing companies and technologies. Increased competition may also result in price reductions, fewer customer orders, reduced gross margins, longer sales cycles, reduced revenues, and loss of market share.

New products and rapid technological change, especially in the mobile and wireless markets, may render our operations obsolete or noncompetitive.

The emergence of new entertainment products and technologies, changes in consumer preferences, the adoption of new industry standards, and other factors may limit the life cycle and market penetration of our technologies, products, and services. In particular, the mobile and wireless device, content, applications, social media, and entertainment markets are highly competitive and rapidly changing. Accordingly, our future performance will depend on our ability to:

• identify emerging technological trends and industry standards in our market;
• identify changing consumer needs, desires, or tastes;
• develop and maintain competitive technology, including new hardware and content products and service offerings;
• improve the performance, features, and reliability of our existing products and services, particularly in response to changes in consumer preferences, technological changes, and competitive offerings; and
• bring technology to the market quickly at cost-effective prices.

If we do not compete successfully in developing new products and keep pace with rapid technological change, we will be unable to achieve profitability or sustain a meaningful market position.

We may not be successful in developing and marketing new products and services that respond to technological and competitive developments, changing customer needs, and consumer preferences. We may have to incur substantial costs to modify or adapt our products or services to respond to these developments, customer needs, and changing preferences. We must be able to incorporate new technologies into the products we design and develop in order to address the increasingly complex and varied needs of our customer base. Any significant delay or failure in developing new or enhanced technology, including new product and service offerings, could result in a loss of actual or potential market share and a decrease in revenues.

We receive a significant portion of our revenues from Buffalo Wild Wings, and any decrease in the amount of their business could materially and adversely affect our cash flow and revenue.

For the year ended December 31, 2015, Buffalo Wild Wings accounted for approximately 44%, or $10,889,000, of our total revenue. As of that date, approximately $172,000 was included in accounts receivable. If Buffalo Wild Wings, a significant number of its franchisees, or any other customer who may in the future represent a significant portion of our revenue, breach or terminate their subscriptions or otherwise decrease the amount of business they transact with us, we could lose a significant portion of our revenues and cash flow.

A disruption in the supply of equipment could negatively impact our subscriptions and revenue.

The BEOND tablet is currently manufactured by one unaffiliated third party, and we currently do not have an alternative manufacturing source for, or an alternative device to, the tablet. We purchase the BEOND tablets from various unaffiliated third parties, and we purchase each piece of the BEOND tablet equipment (consisting of tablet case components and tablet charging trays) from a different unaffiliated third party. We currently do not have an alternative supply source for the tablet equipment.

If the sole manufacturer of the tablet or any of our sole suppliers is delayed in delivering the tablets and related equipment to us, become unavailable, have product quality issues, or shortages occur, we may be unable to timely obtain a replacement for the tablet or replacement equipment. For example, during 2014, we encountered challenges with the assembly of the cases for our BEOND tablet, which prevented us from delivering and installing new systems within the time frame requested by customers, thereby creating a backlog of approximately $1,416,000 as of December 31, 2014. See “ITEM 1. BUSINESS—Backlog,” above. Although we fixed our case assembly issue in 2015 and currently do not have any significant backlog, no assurances can be given that other challenges will not arise, including challenges related to transitioning to new versions of the tablet that may require different cases, charging trays or other equipment. Delays, unavailability of equipment, product quality issues and shortages could damage our reputation and customer loyalty, cause subscription cancellations, increase our expense and reduce our revenue. See also “Our business could be adversely impacted if the sole manufacturer of our tablet equipment is not able to meet our manufacturing quality standards,” below.

If our manufacturers and/or suppliers were to go out of business or otherwise become unable to meet our needs for reliable equipment, the process of locating and qualifying alternate sources could take months, during which time our production could be delayed, and may, in some cases, require us to redesign our products and systems. Such delays and potentially costly re-sourcing and redesign could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, and financial condition.

Our business could be adversely impacted if the sole manufacturer of our BEOND tablet equipment is not able to meet our manufacturing quality standards.

Continued improvement in supply-chain management and manufacturing of our BEOND tablet equipment (consisting of tablet case components and tablet charging trays) and manufacturing quality and product testing are important to our business. Flaws in the design and manufacturing of our BEOND tablet equipment (by us or our supplier) could result in substantial delays in shipment and in substantial repair, replacement or service costs, could damage our reputation and customer loyalty, could cause subscription cancellations, and could increase our expense and reduce our revenue. Costs associated with equipment defects due to, for example, problems in our design and manufacturing processes, could include: (a) writing off the value of inventory; (b) disposing of equipment that cannot be fixed; (c) recalling equipment that has been shipped; and (d) providing equipment replacements or modifications. These costs could be significant and may increase expenses and lower gross margin.

As reported in prior quarters, in early 2014, we began to manufacture, design and manage the supply chain of the equipment related to our BEOND second generation tablet platform in-house and experienced problems with the design and manufacturing processes. As a result, during 2015, we recognized approximately $979,000 of repair expense related to the second generation in-house designed BEOND tablet equipment that we have had to repair or deem we will need to repair in the future. We can give no assurances that the amount of repair expense that we have accrued with respect to tablet equipment that we estimate will need repair in the future is adequate. If more equipment needs repair than the amount currently estimated, we may have to accrue for additional repair expense.

During 2015, due to our design and manufacturing process problems discussed above with the second generation tablet platform equipment, we re-evaluated the strategy of managing the manufacture, design and supply chain in-house. In connection with that re-evaluation, we determined to write off approximately $797,000 of tablet components that became obsolete due to upcoming changes in the tablet platform. Also during 2015, and as part of our re-evaluation, we out-sourced the supply-chain management and manufacturing of certain equipment related to our third generation BEOND tablet platform to an unaffiliated third party manufacturer. This relationship is in its early stages, and we are unable to predict if it will be successful. Among other things, the equipment manufactured by this manufacturer may not meet our quality standards. For example, during the fourth quarter of 2015, some of the tablet cases produced by this manufacturer had quality defects, and although we have not yet incurred any direct costs associated with addressing these defects, all of which have been or will be borne by the manufacturer, our tablet case inventory level may decrease as a result. See also “A disruption in the supply of equipment could negatively impact our subscriptions and revenue,” above.

There can be no assurance that our efforts to monitor, develop, modify and implement appropriate test and manufacturing processes for our equipment will be sufficient to permit us to avoid equipment quality issues. Significant equipment quality issues could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.

If we do not adequately protect our proprietary rights and intellectual property or we are subjected to intellectual property claims by others, our business could be seriously damaged.

We rely on a combination of trademarks, copyrights, patents, and trade secret laws to protect our proprietary rights in our products. We have a small number of patents and patent applications pending in jurisdictions related to our business activities. Our pending patent applications and any future applications might not be approved. Moreover, our patents might not provide us with competitive advantages. Third parties might challenge our patents or trademarks or attempt to use infringing technologies or brands which could harm our ability to compete and reduce our revenues, as well as create significant litigation expense. In addition, patents and trademarks held by third parties might have an adverse effect on our ability to do business and could likewise result in significant litigation expense. Furthermore, third parties might independently develop similar products, duplicate our products or, to the extent patents are issued to us, design around those patents. Others may have filed and, in the future may file, patent applications that are similar or identical to ours. Such third-party patent applications might have priority over our patent applications. To determine the priority of inventions, we may have to participate in interference proceedings declared by the United States Patent and Trademark Office. Such interference proceedings could result in substantial cost to us.

We believe that the success of our business also depends on such factors as the technical expertise and innovative capabilities of our employees. It is our policy that all employees and consultants sign non-disclosure agreements and assignment of invention agreements. Our competitors, former employees, and consultants may, however, misappropriate our technology or independently develop technologies that are as good as or better than ours. Our competitors may also challenge or circumvent our proprietary rights. If we have to initiate or defend against an infringement claim to protect our proprietary rights, the litigation over any such claim could be time-consuming and costly to us, adversely affecting our financial condition.

From time to time, we hire or retain employees or consultants who may have worked for other companies developing products similar to those that we offer. These other companies may claim that our products are based on their products and that we have misappropriated their intellectual property. Any such claim could cause us to incur substantial costs, which in turn could materially adversely affect our business.

We may be liable for the content and services we make available on our Buzztime network and the internet.

We make content and entertainment services available on our Buzztime network and the internet which includes games and game content, software, and a variety of other entertainment content. The availability of this content and services and our branding could result in claims against us based on a variety of theories, including defamation, obscenity, negligence, or copyright or trademark infringement. We could also be exposed to liability for third-party content accessed through the links from our websites to other websites. Federal laws may limit, but not eliminate, our liability for linking to third-party websites that include materials that infringe copyrights or other rights, so long as we comply with certain statutory requirements. We may incur costs to defend against claims related to either our own content or that of third parties, and our financial condition could be materially adversely affected if we are found liable for information that we make available. Implementing measures to reduce our exposure may require us to spend substantial resources and may limit the attractiveness of our services to users which would impair our profitability and harm our business operations.

Our cash flow may not cover our capital needs and we may need to raise additional funds in the future. Such funds may not be available on favorable terms or at all and, if available, may dilute current stockholders.

Our capital requirements will depend on many factors, including:

• our ability to generate cash from operating activities;
• acceptance of, and demand for, our interactive games and entertainment;
• the costs of continuing to develop and implement our BEOND technology platform and product line;
• the costs of developing new entertainment content, products, or technology or expanding our offering to new media platforms such as the internet and mobile phones;
• the extent to which we invest in the creation of new entertainment content and new technology; and
• the number and timing of acquisitions and other strategic transactions, if any.

In addition, in order to fully execute on our long-term strategic initiatives discussed above under the section entitled “ITEM 1. Business—Our Strategy,” we believe we will likely require additional funding.

If we need to raise additional funds in the future, such funds may not be available on favorable terms, or at all. Furthermore, if we issue equity or debt securities to raise additional funds, our existing stockholders may experience dilution, and the new equity or debt securities may have rights, preferences, and privileges senior to those of our existing stockholders. If we cannot raise funds on acceptable terms, or at all, we may not be able to continue to develop and implement our BEOND technology platform and product line, develop or enhance our other products and services, successfully execute our business plan or any or all of our strategic initiatives, take advantage of future opportunities, or respond to competitive pressures or unanticipated customer requirements.

We have experienced significant losses, and we may incur significant losses in the future.

We have a history of significant losses, including net losses of $7,226,000 and $5,030,000 for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, and have an accumulated deficit of $125,087,000 as of December 31, 2015. We may also incur future operating and net losses, due in part to expenditures required to continue to implement our business strategies, including the continued development and implementation of our BEOND technology platform and product line. Despite significant expenditures, we may not be able to achieve or maintain profitability. Moreover, even if we do achieve profitability, the level of any profitability cannot be predicted and may vary significantly from quarter to quarter and year to year. See also “—Risks Relating to the Market for Our Common Stock—Our common stock could be delisted or suspended from trading on the NYSE MKT if we fail to maintain compliance with continued listing criteria,” below.

We may not be able to significantly grow our subscription revenue and implement our other business strategies.

Our success depends on our ability to increase market awareness and encourage the adoption of the Buzztime brand and our Buzztime network among hospitality venues such as restaurants, sports bars, taverns and pubs, and within the interactive game player community. Our success also depends on our ability to improve customer retention. We may not be able to leverage our resources to expand awareness of and demand for our Buzztime network. In addition, our efforts to improve our game platform and content may not succeed in generating additional demand for our products or in strengthening the loyalty and retention of our existing customers. The degree of market adoption of our Buzztime network will depend on many factors, including consumer preferences, the availability and quality of competing products and services, and our ability to leverage our brand.

Our success also depends on our ability to implement our other business strategies, which include developing our BEOND tablet platform that allows for consumer play across the digital platform, developing more premium content that allow us to grow the revenue stream directly from consumers, developing dynamic menuing and point-of-sale, or POS, integration competency, and growing our marketing services and sponsorship revenues. Implementing these strategies will require us to dedicate significant resources to, among other things, fully developing and implementing our BEOND technology platform and product line, expanding our other product offerings, customizing our products and services to meet the unique needs of select accounts, and expanding and improving our marketing services and promotional efforts. We may be unable to implement these strategies as currently planned.

Our products and services are subject to government regulations that may restrict our operations or cause demand for our products to decline significantly.

In addition to laws and regulations applicable to businesses generally, we are also subject to laws and regulations that apply specifically to the interactive entertainment and product marketing industries. In addition, we operate games of chance and, in some instances, award prizes. These games are regulated in many jurisdictions and the laws and regulations vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. See “ITEM 1. BUSINESS—Government Regulations.”

We may find it necessary to eliminate, modify, suspend, or cancel certain features of our products (including the games we offer) in certain jurisdictions based on the adoptions of new laws and regulations or changes in law or regulations or the enforcement thereof, which could result in additional development costs and/or the loss of customers and revenue.

Communication or other system failures could result in the cancellation of subscribers and a decrease in our revenues.

We rely on continuous operation of our information technology and communications systems, and those of a variety of third parties, to communicate with and to distribute our services to the locations of our Buzztime network subscribers. We currently transmit our data to our customers via broadband internet connections including telephone and cable TV networks. Both our communications systems and those of third parties on which we rely are vulnerable to damage or interruption from earthquakes, terrorist attacks, floods, storms, fires, power loss, telecommunications and other network failures, equipment failures, computer viruses, computer denial of service or other attacks, and other causes. These systems are also subject to break-ins, sabotage, vandalism, and to other disruptions, for example if we or the operators of these systems and system facilities have financial difficulties. Some of our systems are not fully redundant, and our system protections and disaster recovery plans cannot prevent all outages, errors, or data losses. In addition, our services and systems are highly technical and complex and may contain errors or other vulnerabilities. Any errors or vulnerabilities in our products and services, damage to or failure of our systems, any natural or man-made disaster, a decision to close a facility we are using without adequate notice for financial or other reasons, or other unanticipated problems at our facilities or those of a third party, could result in lengthy interruptions in our service to our customers, which could reduce our revenues and cash flow, and damage our brand. Any interruption in communications or failure of proper hardware or software function at our or our customers’ venues could also decrease customer loyalty and satisfaction and result in a cancellation of our services.

Our management turnover creates uncertainties.

We have experienced significant changes in our senior management team over the past several years. Ram Krishnan was appointed as our chief executive officer in September 2014 and, before he was appointed, we had three different individuals and an interim committee serve as our chief executive officer or perform the functions of a chief executive between February 2009 and September 2014. Allen Wolff was appointed as our chief financial officer in December 2014, and was appointed as our chief financial officer and executive vice president effective February 1, 2016 due to his expanded responsibilities following the departure of our former chief revenue officer, our former chief development officer, our former chief product officer and our former senior vice president of sales and marketing during 2014 and 2015. Because of our recent financial and stock performance, geographic location, and other business factors in a relatively small industry, we face substantial challenges in attracting and retaining experienced senior executives. Changes in senior management are inherently disruptive, and efforts to implement any new strategic or operating goals may not succeed in the absence of a long-term management team. Changes to strategic or operating goals with the appointment of new executives may themselves prove to be disruptive. Periods of transition in senior management leadership are often difficult as the new executives gain detailed knowledge of our operations and due to cultural differences and friction that may result from changes in strategy and style. Without consistent and experienced leadership, our employees, customers, creditors, stockholders, and others may lose confidence in us.

Our success depends on our ability to recruit and retain skilled professionals.

Our business requires experienced programmers, creative designers, application developers, and sales and marketing personnel. Our success will depend on identifying, hiring, training, and retaining such experienced and knowledgeable professionals. We must recruit and retain talented professionals in order for our business to grow. There is significant competition for the individuals with the skills required to develop the products and perform the services we offer. We may be unable to attract a sufficient number of qualified individuals in the future to sustain and grow our business, and we may not be successful in motivating and retaining the individuals we are able to attract. If we cannot attract, motivate, and retain qualified technical and sales and marketing professionals, our business, financial condition, and results of operations will suffer.

We may face exposure on sales and use taxes in various states.

From time to time, state and provincial tax authorities have made inquiries as to whether or not a portion of our services might require the collection of sales and use taxes from customers in those jurisdictions. Many jurisdictions are expanding their interpretation of their sales and use tax statutes to subject more activities to tax. While in the past, the sales and use tax assessments we have paid have not had a significant adverse effect on our operations, such assessments may increase in the future and could adversely affect our operations.

We have incurred significant net operating loss carryforwards that we will likely be unable to use.

As of December 31, 2015, we had federal income tax net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards of approximately $60,327,000, which will begin to expire in 2017. As of December 31, 2015, we had state income tax NOL carryforwards of approximately $31,315,000, portions of which will continue expiring in 2016. We believe that our ability to utilize our NOL carryforwards may be substantially restricted by the passage of time and the limitations of Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code, which apply when there are certain changes in ownership of a corporation. To the extent we begin to realize significant taxable income, these Section 382 limitations may result in our incurring federal income tax liability notwithstanding the existence of otherwise available NOL carryforwards. We have established a full valuation allowance for substantially all of our deferred tax assets, including the NOL carryforwards, since we do not believe we are likely to generate future taxable income to realize these assets.

We are subject to cybersecurity risks and incidents.

Our business involves transmitting payment information of our customers and certain personal information of consumers (such as their name, date of birth, and email address). In the future, we may store and transmit additional personal information of consumers, particularly as the services of the BEOND tablet platform become more advanced to include POS integration. While we have implemented measures designed to prevent security breaches and cyber incidents, any failure of these measures and/or any material security breaches, theft, misplaced or lost data, programming errors, employee errors and/or malfeasance could potentially lead to the compromising of sensitive, confidential or personal data or information, improper use of our systems, software solutions or networks, unauthorized access, use, disclosure, modification or destruction of information, system downtimes and operational disruptions. In addition, a cyber-related attack could result in other negative consequences, including damage to our reputation or competitiveness, remediation or increased protection costs, litigation or regulatory action.

We could become subject to additional regulations and compliance requirements as we introduce features in direct payments from patrons.

In preparation for expanding features and functionality to our BEOND tablet platform that involve us accepting credit card and other forms of payments directly from patrons, we are currently in the process of verifying our compliance with Payment Card Industry (“PCI”) Data Security Standard v3.1 as a service provider, and will be required to recertify annually. Compliance with additional regulations and requirements may be difficult for us; thereby limiting our ability to grow the amount of revenue we receive directly from patrons. In addition to these additional regulations and requirements, if we fail to comply with the rules or requirements of any provider of a payment method we accept, if the volume of fraud in our transactions limits or terminates our rights to use payment methods we accept, or if a data breach occurs relating to our payment systems, we may, among other things, be subject to fines or higher transaction fees and may lose, or face restrictions placed upon, our ability to accept credit card and debit card payments from patrons.

Risks Relating to the Market for Our Common Stock

Our common stock could be delisted or suspended from trading on the NYSE MKT if we fail to maintain compliance with continued listing criteria.

As previously reported, in November 2015, we received a letter from the NYSE Regulation Inc. (“NYSE Regulation”) stating that we are not in compliance with NYSE MKT LLC (“NYSE MKT”) continued listing standards. Specifically, we are not in compliance with Section 1003(a)(iii) of the NYSE MKT Company Guide (the “Company Guide”) because we reported stockholders’ equity of less than $6 million as of September 30, 2015 and had net losses in five of our most recent fiscal years ended December 31, 2014. As a result, we became subject to the procedures and requirements of Section 1009 of the Company Guide.

We were required to submit a plan to NYSE Regulation advising of actions we have taken or will take to regain compliance with Section 1003(a)(iii) of the Company Guide by May 13, 2017. We submitted such a plan in December 2015. In January 2016, NYSE Regulation notified us that it has accepted our plan and granted us a plan period that extends through May 13, 2017 to regain compliance with Section 1003(a)(iii). The listing of our common stock on the NYSE MKT is being continued during the plan period pursuant to an extension. The NYSE Regulation staff will review us periodically for compliance with initiatives outlined in our plan. If we are not in compliance with Section 1003(a)(iii) by May 13, 2017 or if we do not make progress consistent with our plan during the plan period, NYSE Regulation staff will initiate delisting proceedings as appropriate.

Under Section 1003(a)(ii) of the Company Guide, the NYSE MKT will normally consider suspending dealings in, or removing from the list, securities of an issuer which has stockholders’ equity of less than $4 million if such issuer has sustained losses from continuing operations and/or net losses in three of its four most recent fiscal years. As of December 31, 2015, our stockholders’ equity was less than $4 million and we had net losses in three of our most recent fiscal years ended December 31, 2015. Accordingly, we may receive another letter from the NYSE Regulation stating that we are not in compliance with this continued listing standard, in which case, we may also be given the opportunity to submit a plan advising of actions we have taken or will take to regain compliance with Section 1003(a)(ii) by a specified date. Under Section 1003(a)(i) of the Company Guide, the NYSE MKT will normally consider suspending dealings in, or removing from the list, securities of an issuer which has stockholders’ equity of less than $2 million if such issuer has sustained losses from continuing operations and/or net losses in two of its three most recent fiscal years. We had net losses in two of our three most recent fiscal years ended December 31, 2015. While our stockholders’ equity as of December 31, 2015 is greater than $2 million, if we continue to recognize losses and do not take other measures that would increase our stockholders’ equity, we could potentially have less than $2 million of stockholders’ equity and become out of compliance with Section 1003(a)(i), as well.

Under Section 1003(f)(v) of the Company Guide, the NYSE MKT will normally consider suspending dealings in, or delisting, common stock from the exchange if the common stock is selling for a substantial period of time at a low price per share and if the issuer fails to effect a reverse split of such stock within a reasonable time after being notified that NYSE MKT deems such action to be appropriate under all the circumstances. NYSE Regulation has informed us that it deems it appropriate for us to effect a reverse stock split or other action within a reasonable amount of time, or become subject to the continued listing evaluation and follow-up procedures set forth in Section 1009 of the Company Guide, which could, among other things, result in the initiation of delisting proceedings. Moreover, the NYSE MKT can take accelerated delisting action if our common stock trades at levels viewed to be abnormally low. In light of the foregoing, we are considering actions to take, including effecting a reverse split of our common stock, which, in order to be effected, must be approved by our stockholders.

We are exploring options to address our non-compliance with the NYSE MKT continued listing standards, in particular, options to address our low stockholders’ equity. We can give no assurances that we will be able to address our non-compliance with the NYSE MKT continued listing standards or, even if we do, that we will be able to maintain the listing of our common stock on the NYSE MKT. Our common stock could be delisted because we do not make progress consistent with our plan during the plan period, because we do not regain compliance with Section 1003(a)(iii) by May 13, 2017, or because we fall below compliance with other NYSE MKT listing standards, including those described above. In addition, we may determine to pursue business opportunities or grow our business at levels or on timelines that reduces our stockholders’ equity below the level required to maintain compliance with NYSE MKT continued listing standards. The delisting of our common stock for whatever reason could, among other things, substantially impair our ability to raise additional capital; result in a loss of institutional investor interest and fewer financing opportunities for us; and/or result in potential breaches of representations or covenants of our warrants or other agreements pursuant to which we made representations or covenants relating to our compliance with applicable listing requirements. Claims related to any such breaches, with or without merit, could result in costly litigation, significant liabilities and diversion of our management’s time and attention and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, business and results of operations. In addition, the delisting of our common stock for whatever reason may materially impair our stockholders’ ability to buy and sell shares of our common stock and could have an adverse effect on the market price of, and the efficiency of the trading market for, our common stock.

If our common stock were delisted and determined to be a “penny stock,” a broker-dealer may find it more difficult to trade our common stock, and an investor may find it more difficult to acquire or dispose of our common stock in the secondary market.

If our common stock were removed from listing with the NYSE MKT, it may be subject to the so-called “penny stock” rules. The SEC has adopted regulations that define a penny stock to be any equity security that has a market price per share of less than $5.00, subject to certain exceptions, such as any securities listed on a national securities exchange. For any transaction involving a penny stock, unless exempt, the rules impose additional sales practice requirements on broker-dealers, subject to certain exceptions. If our common stock were delisted and determined to be a penny stock, a broker-dealer may find it more difficult to trade our common stock, and an investor may find it more difficult to acquire or dispose of our common stock on the secondary market.

Future sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market or the anticipation of such sales could have a material adverse effect on then-prevailing market prices.

In a private placement we completed in November 2013, we issued 6,000,000 shares of our common stock and warrants to purchase 3,600,000 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $0.40 per share. A registration statement registering the resale of all of those shares is currently effective and we are obligated to use commercially reasonable efforts to maintain such registration statement continuously effective until all such registered shares have been sold.

In addition, since 2009, in connection with acquisitions, we issued (directly or upon the exercise of warrants issued in connection with such acquisitions) an aggregate of approximately 2,798,000 shares of our common stock. As of December 31, 2015, there were outstanding warrants to purchase an aggregate of 6,600,000 shares of common stock at exercise prices ranging from $0.40 to $1.50 per share (including the warrants to purchase 3,600,000 shares we issued in our November 2013 private placement). In addition, as of December 31, 2015, there were 156,000 shares of our Series A Preferred Stock outstanding. The holders of such shares may elect to convert them into shares of our common stock at any time. Based on the current conversion price, we would issue approximately 484,000 shares of our common stock if all of the outstanding shares of our Series A Preferred Stock were so converted. Generally, all of the shares of common stock we issued in connection with the acquisitions, the shares we may issue upon exercise of warrants and the shares of common stock we may issue upon conversion of the Series A Preferred Stock may be sold under Rule 144 of the Securities Act of 1933, subject to any applicable holding period with respect to the shares issued upon exercise of warrants the exercise price of which is paid with cash.

As of December 31, 2015, there were also approximately 6,814,000 shares of common stock reserved for issuance upon the exercise of outstanding stock options at exercise prices ranging from $0.14 to $0.70 per share. A registration statement registering such shares of common stock is currently effective.

Accordingly, a significant number of shares of our common stock could be sold at any time. Depending upon market liquidity at the time our common stock is resold by the holders thereof, such resales could cause the trading price of our common stock to decline. In addition, the sale of a substantial number of shares of our common stock, or anticipation of such sales, could make it more difficult for us to obtain future financing. To the extent the trading price of our common stock at the time of exercise of any of our outstanding options or warrants exceeds their exercise price, such exercise will have a dilutive effect on our stockholders.

Raising additional capital may cause dilution to our existing stockholders and may restrict our operations.

We may raise additional capital at any time and may do so through one or more financing alternatives, including public or private sales of equity or debt securities directly to investors or through underwriters or placement agents. As discussed above, we are exploring options to address our non-compliance with the NYSE MKT continued listing standards, in particular, options to address our low stockholders’ equity. In April 2014, we sold 12,765,000 shares of our common stock in an underwritten public offering. We currently have a shelf registration statement on file under which we could sell up to approximately $18 million worth of securities. Raising capital through the issuance of common stock (or securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for shares of our common stock) may depress the market price of our stock and may substantially dilute our existing stockholders. In addition, our board of directors may issue preferred stock with rights, preferences and privileges that are senior to those of the holders of our common stock. Debt financings could involve covenants that restrict our operations. These restrictive covenants may include limitations on additional borrowing and specific restrictions on the use of our assets, as well as prohibitions on our ability to create liens or make investments and may, among other things, preclude us from making distributions to stockholders (either by paying dividends or redeeming stock) and taking other actions beneficial to our stockholders. In addition, investors could impose more one-sided investment terms and conditions on companies that have or are perceived to have limited remaining funds or limited ability to raise additional funds. The lower our cash balance, the more difficult it is likely to be for us to raise additional capital on commercially reasonable terms, or at all.

Our charter contains provisions that may hinder or prevent a change in control of our company, which could result in our inability to approve a change in control and potentially receive a premium over the current market value of your stock.

Certain provisions of our certificate of incorporation could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire control of us, even if such a change in control would benefit our stockholders, or to make changes in our board of directors. For example, our certificate of incorporation (i) prohibits stockholders from filling vacancies on our board of directors, calling special stockholder meetings, or taking action by written consent, and (ii) requires a super majority vote of at least 80% of the total voting power of our outstanding shares, voting together as a single class, to remove our directors from office or to amend provisions relating to stockholders taking action by written consent or calling special stockholder meetings.

Additionally, our certificate of incorporation and restated bylaws contain provisions that could delay or prevent a change of control of our company. Some of these provisions:

• authorize the issuance of preferred stock which can be created and issued by our board of directors without prior stockholder approval, with rights senior to those of the common stock;
• prohibit our stockholders from making certain changes to our bylaws except with 66 2/3% stockholder approval; and
• require advance written notice of stockholder proposals and director nominations.

These provisions could discourage third parties from taking control of our company. Such provisions may also impede a transaction in which you could receive a premium over then current market prices and your ability to approve a transaction that you consider in your best interest.

In addition, we are governed by the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporate Law, which may prohibit certain business combinations with stockholders owning 15% or more of our outstanding voting stock. These and other provisions in our certificate of incorporation, restated bylaws and Delaware law could make it more difficult for stockholders or potential acquirers to obtain control of our board of directors or initiate actions that are opposed by the then-current board of directors, including delaying or impeding a merger, tender offer, or proxy contest involving our company. Any delay or prevention of a change of control transaction or changes in our board of directors could cause the market price of our common stock to decline.

We lease approximately 28,000 square feet of office space in Carlsbad, California. The term of the lease is from June 2011 through November 2018, and we are entitled to renew the lease for an additional five-year extension. We also lease approximately 7,500 square feet of warehouse space in Hilliard, Ohio. The term of this lease is from May 2013 through April 2017. The facilities that we lease are suitable for our current needs and are considered adequate to support expected growth.

From time to time, we become subject to legal proceedings and claims, both asserted and unasserted, that arise in the ordinary course of business. Litigation in general, and securities litigation in particular, can be expensive and disruptive to normal business operations. Moreover, the results of legal proceedings are difficult to predict. An unfavorable resolution of one or more legal proceedings could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, or financial condition. In addition, defending any claim requires resources, including cash to pay legal fees and expenses, and our limited financial resources could severely impact our ability to defend any such claim.

Also from time to time, state and provincial tax agencies have made, and we anticipate will make in the future, inquiries as to whether our service offerings are subject to taxation in their jurisdictions. Many states have expanded their interpretation of their sales and use tax statutes, which generally had the effect of increasing the scope of activities that may be subject to such statutes. We evaluate inquiries from state and provincial tax agencies on a case-by-case basis and have favorably resolved the majority of these inquiries in the past, though we can give no assurances as to our ability to favorably resolve such inquiries in the future. Any such inquiry could, if not resolved favorably to us, materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, or financial condition.

We are currently involved in sales tax inquiries with certain states and provinces. As a result of those inquiries, we recorded a total net liability of $25,000 and $17,000 as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, with respect to tax assessments to which we may be subject as a result of such inquiries. Based on the guidance set forth by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) No. 450, Contingencies, we deemed the likelihood that we will be required to pay all or part of these assessments as reasonably possible. During the year ended December 31, 2014, we prevailed in one provincial tax inquiry, resulting in a receivable of approximately $108,000 and a reversal of a liability of approximately $25,000. We received the $108,000 in January 2015.

You should read the following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the notes to those statements included elsewhere in this report. Please also see the section entitled “Forward Looking Statements” at the beginning of this report.

Overview

We deliver interactive entertainment and innovative dining technology to bars and restaurants in North America. Venues license our customizable solution to differentiate themselves via competitive fun by offering guests trivia, card, sports and arcade games, nationwide competitions, and self-service dining features including dynamic menus, touchscreen ordering and secure payment. Our platform can improve operating efficiencies, create connections among the players and venues and amplify guests’ positive experiences.

Results of Operations

Year Ended December 31, 2015 compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2014

We generated a net loss of $7,226,000 for the year ended December 31, 2015, compared to net loss of $5,030,000 for the year ended December 31, 2014.

Revenue

We currently generate revenue by charging subscription fees for our service to our network subscribers, by leasing equipment (including tablets used in our BEOND tablet platform and the cases and charging trays for the tablets) to certain network subscribers, by hosting live trivia events, and by selling advertising aired on in-venue screens and as part of customized games. In 2014, we began offering pay-to-play premium content to certain customers via our BEOND tablet platform, such as paid arcade. During the second quarter of 2015, we made a strategic change in our premium content model by making the arcade offering available on both a free-to-consumer and pay-to-play basis. This change required us to delay the general availability of the pay-to-play arcade offering as we retooled its content, workflow and positioning. As a result, during 2015, we generated additional subscription fee revenue from those venues offering free-to-consumer arcade. We anticipate rolling out the new pay-to-play arcade offering during the second quarter of 2016. The table below summarizes the type of revenue we generated for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014:

Subscription revenue decreased for the year ended December 31, 2015 primarily due to lower average site count and a lower average revenue per site (which we refer to as ARPU) when compared to the same period in 2014. Revenue we recognize under sales-type lease arrangements, which we refer to as equipment lease revenue, decreased during the year ended December 31, 2015 due to a lower number of installations of our BEOND tablet platform under sales-type lease arrangements compared to the same period in 2014. Equipment lease revenue (which has lower margins due to the cost we incur to purchase the equipment that we lease) is recognized when we install the leased equipment. The equipment lease revenue is a one-time payment that covers the lease of the equipment for three-years, after which the lessee may purchase the equipment for a nominal fee or lease new equipment. Accordingly, we expect this type of revenue to fluctuate from period to period as certain network subscribers convert their venues from using the Classic playmakers to the BEOND tablets, and to decrease thereafter. Other revenue increased for the year ended December 31, 2015 primarily due to an increase in our premium offering revenue and customer development services when compared to the same period in 2014.

Geographic breakdown of our ending site count for the Buzztime network is as follows:

Direct Costs and Gross Margin

As reported in prior quarters, in early 2014, we began to manufacture, design and manage the supply chain of the equipment related to our BEOND second generation tablet platform in-house and experienced problems with the design and manufacturing processes. As a result, during 2015, we recognized approximately $979,000 of repair expense related to the second generation in-house designed BEOND tablet equipment that we have had to repair or deem we will need to repair in the future. During 2015, due to our design and manufacturing process problems with the second generation tablet platform, we re-evaluated the strategy of managing the manufacture, design and supply chain in-house. In connection with that re-evaluation, we determined to write off approximately $797,000 of tablet components that became obsolete due to upcoming changes in the tablet platform. Also during 2015, and as part of our re-evaluation, we out-sourced the supply-chain management and manufacturing of certain equipment related to our third generation BEOND tablet platform. The primary reasons for doing so were to reduce exposure to repair and maintenance expense related to, and to increase the long-term stability of the quality of, such equipment. In the fourth quarter of 2015, we began deploying the third generation platform, which includes EMV functionality for secure payment.

We may continue to experience challenges with our tablet platform equipment, and as a result, we may be required to recognize additional repair expense in the future. See also “ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS—Risk Factors That May Affect Our Business—Our business could be adversely impacted if the sole manufacturer of our tablet equipment is not able to meet our manufacturing quality standards,” above.

The following table compares the direct costs and gross margin for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014:

This increase in direct costs was due to increased repair expense of $778,000 for the second generation BEOND tablet hardware that we have repaired or expect to repair in the future; increased hardware write-offs and scrap expense of approximately $668,000 for components that became obsolete as a result of changes in our BEOND tablet platform; increased direct depreciation and amortization expense of approximately $476,000; increased equipment and production costs of approximately $218,000; and increased service provider fees of approximately $143,000. These increases were offset by a lower number of installations of the BEOND tablet platform under sales-type lease arrangements year-over-year, which resulted in approximately $935,000 less in direct costs during 2015 when compared to 2014.

The decrease in gross margin for the year ended December 31, 2015 was primarily related to the expense of writing off obsolete components, scrap, repair expense, and increased productions costs discussed above, and, to a lesser extent, to a lower ARPU for certain network subscribers.

Operating Expenses

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

The decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2015 was primarily due to lower professional fees of $1,602,000 resulting from using fewer consultants. This decrease was offset by higher payroll and related expense of $763,000, and, to a lesser extent, by increased marketing expenses of $361,000 due to increased trade show activity and market research initiatives. The 2015 payroll and related expense included severance expense that was related to the restructuring that took place at the end of the second quarter of 2015 as well as increased incentive compensation and non-cash stock based compensation when compared to the same period in 2014.

Impairment of Capitalized Software

Impairment of capitalized software for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 was the result of abandoning certain capitalized software development projects that we concluded were no longer a current strategic fit or for which we determined that the marketability of the content had decreased due to obtaining additional information regarding the specific purpose for which the content was intended.

Depreciation and Amortization

The decrease in depreciation and amortization expense for year ended December 31, 2015 compared to the same period in 2014 was primarily due to assets becoming fully depreciated or amortized sooner than we are replenishing them with new assets.

Other Expense, Net

The increase in total other expense, net for the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to 2014 is primarily due to an increase in interest expense due to higher long-term debt balances during 2015, and prepayment fees on long-term debt during 2015, which we did not incur during 2014, offset by increased foreign currency exchange gains related to the operations of our Canadian subsidiary and other miscellaneous income.

Income Taxes

We expect to incur state income tax liability in 2015 related to our U.S. operations. We also expect to pay income taxes in Canada due to the profitability of our Canadian subsidiary. At December 31, 2015, we had available NOL carryforwards of approximately $60,327,000 for federal income tax purposes, which will begin to expire in 2017. The NOL carryforwards for state purposes, which will continue expiring in 2016, are approximately $31,315,000. There can be no assurance that we will ever be able to realize the benefit of some or all of the federal and state loss carryforwards due to continued operating losses. Further, under Internal Revenue Code Section 382 and similar state provisions, ownership changes may limit the annual utilization of NOL carryforwards existing prior to a change in control that are available to offset future taxable income. Such limitations would reduce, potentially significantly, the gross deferred tax assets disclosed in the table above related to the NOL carryforwards. We completed a Section 382 analysis for the period from January 1, 1992 through December 31, 2013 and determined that we do not expect to be limited in regards to utilizing the total NOL carryforwards that existed as of December 31, 2013, provided we generate sufficient future earnings prior to the expiration of the NOLs and that future changes in ownership do not trigger a Section 382 limitation. Based on our analysis of our stockholder activity for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015, there does not appear to be ownership changes that would have caused an annual limitation under the provisions of Section 382. We continue to disclose the NOL carryforwards at their original amount as no potential limitation has been quantified. We have also established a full valuation allowance for substantially all deferred tax assets, including the NOL carryforwards, since we could not conclude that we are more likely than not able to generate future taxable income to realize these assets. In addition, we have approximately $195,000 of state tax credit tax carryforwards that expire in the years 2016 through 2026.

Adjusted EBITDA—Consolidated Operations

To supplement our consolidated financial disclosures and statements, which are prepared and presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (GAAP), we use certain non-GAAP financial measures, including adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, or Adjusted EBITDA. We compute Adjusted EBITDA by excluding from net profit (or loss) the impact of the following: (a) depreciation and amortization expense; (b) interest expense, net; (c) provision for income taxes; (d) non-cash stock-based compensation expense; (e) other non-cash expenses and charges; and (f) to the extent approved by our lender, other one-time charges and any losses arising from the sale, exchange, transfer or other disposition of assets not in the ordinary course of business. We use this non-GAAP financial measure when evaluating our financial results as well as for internal resource management, planning and forecasting purposes. This non-GAAP financial measure is not intended to represent a measure of performance in accordance with GAAP. Nor should this non-GAAP financial measure be considered as an alternative to statements of cash flows as a measure of liquidity. This non-GAAP financial measure is included herein because we believe it is a measure of operating performance that financial analysts, lenders, investors and other interested parties find to be a useful tool for analyzing companies like us that carry significant levels of non-cash depreciation and amortization charges in comparison to their net income or loss calculated in accordance with GAAP. The following table reconciles our consolidated net loss per GAAP to Adjusted EBITDA:

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of December 31, 2015, we had cash and cash equivalents of $3,223,000 compared to cash and cash equivalents of $7,185,000 as of December 31, 2014.

In April 2015, we entered into a loan and security agreement with East West Bank, which was amended in March 2016. We refer to the loan and security agreement, as amended, as the “Amended Loan Agreement.” Under the original terms of this agreement, we could request advances in an aggregate outstanding amount at any time up to the lesser of $7,500,000, which we refer to as the revolving line, or an amount equal to our borrowing base, in each case, less the aggregate outstanding principal amount of prior advances. . Under the Amended Loan Agreement, through March 31, 2017, we may request advances in an aggregate outstanding amount at any time up to the lesser of (a) the revolving line or (b) the sum of $2,000,000 (which we refer to as the “sublimit”) plus the amount equal to our borrowing base, in each case, less the aggregate outstanding principal amount of prior advances. On March 31, 2017, the sublimit becomes zero. If the aggregate amount of advances as of March 31, 2017 exceeds the lesser of the revolving line or the amount equal to our borrowing base, then we must pay the lender the amount of such excess. The manner in which our borrowing base is determined is unchanged under the Amended Loan Agreement, except that our monthly recurring revenue is limited to all recurring subscription revenue attributable to software that we sold or licensed and all recurring revenue relating to services we delivered and 50% of all revenue attributable to our “Stump” product line. So long as there is no event of default, we may make a one-time request to increase the revolving line by up to $2,500,000, which the lender may accept or decline. All advances under this credit facility are due on December 31, 2017 as opposed to April 14, 2018 as was the case under the original terms.

Also under the Amended Loan Agreement, the aggregate amount that we owe under our current credit facility with our equipment lender at any time is no longer limited to $2,500,000, and with the lender’s consent, we may incur additional indebtedness with other equipment lenders of up to $2,000,000 in the aggregate for equipment financing.

Under the Amended Loan Agreement, the amount of our borrowing base is calculated, in part, based on our monthly recurring revenue from all recurring subscription revenue attributable to software that we sold or licensed and all recurring revenue relating to services we delivered and 50% of all revenue attributable to our “Stump” product line. Because the amount of our monthly recurring revenue and how much each source contributes to it will change from month to month, our borrowing base will fluctuate accordingly. The change in the manner in which our borrowing base is determined under the Amended Loan Agreement had the effect of decreasing the amount of our borrowing base as of March 14, 2016, from the amount it would have been if determined in the manner provided under the original terms of the agreement. As a result, although the amount we may borrow under the $2,000,000 sublimit is unrelated to the amount we can borrow based on our borrowing base, because the amount of our borrowing base decreased under the new formula when calculated with respect to February 2016, the net impact to our borrowing capacity under this credit facility, when determined with respect to February 2016, was an increase of approximately $1,500,000.

As of December 31, 2015, we borrowed $5,200,000 under this credit facility. As discussed below, we used approximately $3,381,000 of the proceeds to pay down existing indebtedness and to pay related prepayment fees. We will continue to use the proceeds available under this credit facility to fund strategic growth initiatives and for general working capital purposes.

We have another financing arrangement under which we may borrow up to $9,853,000 for the purchase of certain capital equipment. Through December 31, 2015, we borrowed approximately $9,188,000. In April 2015, we used approximately $3,381,000 of the proceeds received from the East West Bank credit facility to pay down a portion of the principal amount we borrowed under this financing arrangement, accrued interest and a prepayment fee. As of December 31, 2015, approximately $2,238,000 of principal remained outstanding under this financing arrangement, and approximately $665,000 was available for borrowing.

We believe our existing cash and cash equivalents and the availability on our credit facilities will be sufficient to meet our operating cash requirements and to fulfill our debt obligations for at least the next twelve months. In order to increase the likelihood that we will be able to successfully execute our operating and strategic plan and to position the company to better take advantage of market opportunities for growth, we are evaluating additional financing alternatives. If our cash and cash equivalents are not sufficient to meet future cash requirements, we may be required to reduce planned capital expenses, reduce operational cash uses or seek financing. Any actions we may undertake to reduce planned capital purchases or reduce expenses may be insufficient to cover shortfalls in available funds. If we require additional capital, we may be unable to secure additional financing on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all.

Working Capital

As of December 31, 2015, we had working capital (current assets in excess of current liabilities) of $3,988,000 compared to working capital of $7,779,000 as of December 31, 2014. The following table shows our change in working capital from December 31, 2014 to December 31, 2015.

Cash Flows

Cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities, as reflected in the accompanying consolidated statements of cash flows, are summarized as follows:

Net cash used in operations. The decrease in cash used in operations was due to a decrease in cash used in operating assets and liabilities of $3,877,000 primarily related to accounts receivable amounts paid and fewer purchases of our BEOND site equipment to be installed, offset by increased net loss of $1,672,000, after giving effect to adjustments made for non-cash transactions.

Our inventory levels of site equipment to be installed decreased to $3,990,000 as of December 31, 2015, from $4,755,000 as of December 31, 2014, reflecting site equipment installations due to site count growth and conversion of sites to the BEOND tablet platform during 2015. However, because we are supporting multiple generations of the BEOND tablet platforms—which has increased the complexity of our supply chain and which we expect will be the case for at least the 2016 fiscal year—we will be required to maintain a higher inventory level of site equipment to be installed.

Our largest use of cash is payroll and related costs. Cash used for payroll and related costs increased $381,000 to $11,541,000 for the year ended December 31, 2015 from $11,160,000 during the same period in 2014, due to increased wages and severance. We anticipate that cash used for payroll and related costs will decrease in 2016 due to the full-year impact of the restructuring that took place during the second quarter of 2015.

Our primary source of cash is cash we generate from customers. Cash received from customers decreased $202,000 to $26,270,000 for the year ended December 31, 2015 from $26,472,000 during the same period in 2014, primarily as a result of less revenue offset by a reduction in accounts receivable balances.

Net cash used in investing activities. The decrease in cash used in investing activities was primarily due to a decrease in software development expenditures and software acquisitions offset by an increase in capital expenditures.

Net cash provided by financing activities. The decrease in cash provided by financing activities is primarily attributable to the following:

• During 2014, we received $6,369,000 of proceeds from our public offering, and there was no similar event during 2015;
• During 2015, we made an additional $2,295,000 of long-term debt payments compared to the amount of long-term debt payments made during 2014;
• During 2015, we borrowed an additional $688,000 of long-term debt compared to the amount of long-term debt borrowed during 2014; and
• During 2015, we paid $81,000 of debt issuance costs related to the East West Bank credit facility we obtained in April 2015, and there were no similar costs during 2014.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to deferred costs and revenues, depreciation of fixed assets, allowance for doubtful accounts, site equipment to be installed, investments, intangible assets, and contingencies. We base our estimates on a combination of historical experience and various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ materially from these estimates. Critical accounting policies and estimates are defined as those that are both most important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results and require management’s most subjective judgments.

We believe the following critical accounting policies affect our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.

*Allowance for Doubtful Accounts—*We maintain allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from nonpayment by our customers. We reserve for all accounts that have been suspended or terminated from our Buzztime network services and for customers with balances that are greater than a predetermined number of days past due. We analyze historical collection trends, customer concentrations and creditworthiness, economic trends and anticipated changes in customer payment patterns when evaluating the adequacy of our allowance for doubtful accounts for specific and general risks. Additional reserves may also be established if specific customers’ balances are identified as potentially uncollectible. If the financial condition of our customers were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments, additional allowances may be required.

*Site Equipment to be Installed—*Site equipment to be installed consist of finished goods related to our BEOND product platform and are stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined by the first-in, first-out method. Rapid technological change or new product development could result in an increase in the quantity of obsolete site equipment to be installed on hand, and we could recognize losses from disposal of excess or obsolete site equipment to be installed. Additionally, our carrying costs of our site equipment to be installed are dependent on accurate estimates of customer demand for our products. A significant increase in the demand for our products could result in a short-term increase in the cost of site equipment purchases, while a significant decrease in demand could result in an increase in the amount of excess site equipment quantities on hand. As a result, although we attempt to maximize the accuracy of our forecasts of future product demand, any significant unanticipated changes in demand or in technological developments could have a significant impact on the value of our site equipment to be installed and our reported operating results.

The BEOND tablet platform equipment remains in site equipment to be installed until it is installed at our customer sites. For BEOND tablet platform customers that are under sales-type lease arrangements, the cost of the equipment is recognized in direct costs upon installation. For all other BEOND tablet platform customers, the cost of the equipment is reclassified to fixed assets upon installation and depreciated over its useful life.

*Fixed Assets—*Fixed assets are recorded at cost. Equipment under capital leases is recorded at the present value of future minimum lease payments. Depreciation of fixed assets is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Depreciation of leasehold improvements and fixed assets under capital leases is computed using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful lives of the assets or the lease period.

We incur a relatively significant level of depreciation expense in relation to our operating income. The amount of depreciation expense in any fiscal year is largely related to the equipment located at our customers’ sites that are not under sales-type lease arrangements. Such equipment includes our Classic Playmaker, our BEOND tablet, other associated electronics and the computers located at our customer’s sites (collectively, “Site Equipment”). The components within Site Equipment are depreciated over two to five years based on the shorter of the contractual capital lease period or the estimated useful life, which considers anticipated technology changes. If our Site Equipment turns out to have longer lives, on average, than estimated, then our depreciation expense would be significantly reduced in those future periods. Conversely, if the Site Equipment turns out to have shorter lives, on average, than estimated, then our depreciation expense would be significantly increased in those future periods.

ASC No. 350 also requires that intangible assets with estimable useful lives be amortized over their respective estimated useful lives to their estimated residual values, and reviewed for impairment in accordance with ASC No. 360, Property, Plant and Equipment. In accordance with ASC No. 360, we assess potential impairments of our long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the asset’s carrying value may not be recoverable. An impairment loss would be recognized when the carrying amount of a long-lived asset or asset group is not recoverable and exceeds its fair value. The carrying amount of a long-lived asset or asset group is not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset or asset group. We performed our annual review as of December 31, 2015 of our other intangible assets and determined that there were no indications of impairment for the year ended December 31, 2015. During our annual review for the year ended December 31, 2014, we determined that certain fully amortized acquired intangible assets no longer had an economic benefit to us, and therefore, we disposed of these assets as of December 31, 2014. (See Note 4 to the accompanying financial statements.)

*Revenue Recognition—*We recognize revenue from recurring subscription fees for our service earned from our network subscribers, from leasing equipment (including tablets used in our BEOND tablet platform and the cases and charging trays for such tablets) to certain network subscribers, from hosting live trivia events, from selling advertising aired on in-venue screens and as part of customized games and directly from consumers who pay to play or use the premium content we began offering via our BEOND tablet platform in 2014. To the extent any of the foregoing contains multiple deliverables, we evaluate the criteria in ASC No. 605, Revenue Recognition, to determine whether such deliverables represent separate units of accounting. In order to be considered a separate unit of accounting, the delivered items in an arrangement must have stand-alone value to the customer and objective and reliable evidence of fair value must exist for any undelivered elements. Arrangements for the transmission of our Buzztime network contain two deliverables: the installation of equipment and the transmission of our network content for which we receive monthly subscription fees. As the installation deliverable does not have stand-alone value to the customer, it does not represent a separate unit of accounting. Therefore, for our Classic product, all installation fees received are deferred and recognized as revenue on a straight-line basis over the estimated life of the customer relationship. Because deployment of our BEOND tablet platform is still new, we have not yet established an estimated life of a BEOND customer, and therefore, we are deferring and recognizing installation fees as revenue on a straight-line basis over the customer contract term. All installation fees not recognized in revenue have been recorded as deferred revenue in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

In addition, the direct expenses of the installation, commissions, setup and training are being deferred and amortized on a straight-line basis and are classified as deferred costs on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. For these direct expenses that are associated with our Classic product, the amortization period approximates the estimated life of the customer relationship for deferred direct costs that are of an amount that is less than or equal to the deferred revenue for the related contract. For costs that exceed the deferred revenue, the amortization period is the initial term of the contract, in accordance with ASC No. 605, which is generally one year. For direct costs associated with our BEOND tablet platform, the amortization period approximates the life of the contract.

We evaluate our lease transactions in accordance with ASC No. 840, Leases, to determine classification of the leases against the following criteria:

• The lease transfers ownership of the property to the lessee by the end of the lease term;
• There is a bargain purchase option;
• The lease term is equal to or greater than 75% of the economic life of the equipment; or
• The present value of the minimum payments is equal to or greater than 90% of the fair market value of the equipment at the inception of the lease.

Because our current leasing agreement meets at least one of the criteria above, because collectability of the minimum lease payments is reasonably assured and because there are no important uncertainties surrounding the amount of reimbursable costs yet to be incurred under the lease, we classify the lease as a sales-type lease, and we recognize revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, product delivery has occurred or the services have been rendered, the price is fixed and determinable and collectability is reasonably assured.

We recognize revenues from selling advertising, from hosting live trivia events and from consumers who pay to play our premium content when all material services or conditions relating to the transaction have been performed or satisfied.

We have arrangements with certain third parties to share the revenue generated from some of our products and services. We evaluate recognition of the associated revenue in accordance with ASC No. 605-45, Revenue Recognition, Principal Agent Considerations. When indicators suggest that we are functioning as a principal, we record revenue gross and the corresponding amounts paid to third parties are recorded as direct expense. Conversely, when indicators suggest that we are functioning as an agent, we record revenue net of amounts paid to third parties.

*Software Development Costs—*We capitalize costs related to the development of certain software products in accordance with ASC No. 350. Amortization of costs related to interactive programs is recognized on a straight-line basis over the programs’ estimated useful lives, generally two to three years. Amortization expense relating to capitalized software development costs totaled $993,000 and $912,000 for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, approximately $421,000 and $495,000, respectively, of capitalized software costs were not subject to amortization as the development of various software projects was not complete.

We performed our annual review of software development projects for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, and determined to abandon various software development projects that we concluded were no longer a current strategic fit or for which we determined that the marketability of the content had decreased due to obtaining additional information regarding the specific industry for which the content was intended. As a result, an impairment of $295,000 and $668,000 was recognized for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, which is separately stated on our consolidated statements of operations.

Stock Based Compensation—We estimate the fair value of our stock options using a Black-Scholes option pricing model, consistent with the provisions of ASC No. 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation and ASC No. 505-50, Equity – Equity-Based Payments to Non-Employees. The fair value of stock options granted is recognized to expense over the requisite service period. Stock-based compensation expense for share-based payment awards to employees is recognized using the straight-line single-option method. Stock-based compensation expense for share-based payment awards to non-employees is recorded at its fair value on the grant date and is periodically re-measured as the underlying awards vest.

We used the historical stock price volatility as an input to value our stock options under ASC No. 718. The expected term of our stock options represents the period of time options are expected to be outstanding, and is based on observed historical exercise patterns for our company, which we believe are indicative of future exercise behavior. For the risk-free interest rate, we use the observed interest rates appropriate for the term of time options are expected to be outstanding. The dividend yield assumption is based on our history and expectation of dividend payouts.

The following weighted average assumptions were used for grants issued during 2015 and 2014 under the ASC No. 718 requirements:

ASC No. 718 requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised if necessary in subsequent periods if actual forfeiture rates differ from those estimates. Forfeitures were estimated based on historical activity for our company. Stock-based compensation expense for employees for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 was $456,000 and $282,000, respectively, and is included in selling, general and administrative expenses based upon the departments to which substantially all of the associated employees report and credited to additional paid-in-capital.

*Income Taxes—*Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases, and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

ASC No. 740, Income Taxes, defines the threshold for recognizing the benefits of tax return positions in the financial statements as “more-likely-than-not” to be sustained by the taxing authority. A tax position that meets the “more-likely-than-not” criterion are measured at the largest amount of benefit that is more than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. We have reviewed our tax positions and determined that an adjustment to the tax provision is not considered necessary nor is a reserve for income taxes required.

*Earnings Per Share—*Basic and diluted loss per common share have been computed by dividing the losses applicable to common stock by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Our basic and fully diluted EPS calculation are the same since the increased number of shares that would be included in the diluted calculation from assumed exercise of common stock equivalents would be anti-dilutive to the net loss in each of the years shown in the consolidated financial statements.

*Segment Reporting—*In accordance with ASC No. 280, Segment Reporting, we have determined that we operate as one operating segment. Decisions regarding our overall operating performance and allocation of our resources are assessed on a consolidated basis.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). This update requires lessees to recognize at the lease commencement date a lease liability, which is the lessee’s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis, and a right-of-use assets, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. Lessees will no longer be provided with a source of off-balance sheet financing. This update is effective for financial statements issued for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018 (which is January 1, 2019 for us), including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. Lessees and lessors must apply a modified retrospective transition approach for leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements. The modified retrospective approach would not require any transition accounting for leases that expired before the earliest comparative period presented. Applying a full retrospective transition approach is not allowed. We do not anticipate that the adoption of this ASU will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-17, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes. This update requires that deferred tax liabilities and assets be classified as non-current in a classified statement of financial position. This ASU is effective for financial statements issued for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016 (which is January 1, 2017 for us), and interim periods within those annual periods. Earlier application is permitted as of the beginning of an interim or annual reporting period. We adopted this ASU early on a retrospective basis in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2015. Accordingly, prior periods were retrospectively adjusted. The adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In September 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-16, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Simplifying the Accounting for Measurement-Period Adjustments. This update requires that an acquirer recognize adjustments to provisional amounts that are identified during the measurement period with a corresponding adjustment to goodwill in the reporting period in which the adjustment amounts are determined. The effect on earnings of changes in depreciation, amortization or other income effects, if any, as a result of the change to the provisional amounts will be recorded in the same period’s financial statements, calculated as if the accounting had been completed at the acquisition date. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015 (which is January 1, 2016 for us), including interim periods within those fiscal years. The amendments in this update should be applied prospectively to adjustments to provisional amounts that occur after the effective date of this update with earlier application permitted for financial statements that have not been issued. We do not anticipate that the adoption of this ASU will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-11, Inventory (Topic 330): Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory. This update requires inventory to be measured at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016 (which is January 1, 2017 for us), including interim periods within those fiscal years. This update should be applied prospectively with earlier application permitted. We do not expect that the adoption of this ASU will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-07, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820), which permits a reporting entity, as a practical expedient, to measure the fair value of certain investments using the net asset value per share of the investment. This update removes the requirement to categorize within the fair value hierarchy all investments for which fair value is measured using the net asset value per share practical expedient. This update also removes the requirement to make certain disclosures for all investments that are eligible to be measured at fair value using the net asset value per share practical expedient. Rather, those disclosures are limited to investments for which the entity has elected to measure the fair value using that practical expedient. This update applies to reporting entities that elect to measure the fair value of an investment within the related scope by using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient. This update is effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015 (which is January 1, 2016 for us), and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. We do not anticipate that the adoption of this update will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-03, Interest—Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30): Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs. This update require that debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability. ASU 2015-03 is to be applied retrospectively and represents a change in accounting principle. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-15, Interest—Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30): Presentation and Subsequent Measurement of Debt Issuance Costs Associated with Line-of-Credit Arrangements. ASU 2015-15 clarified the presentation and subsequent measurement of debt issuance costs related to line-of-credit arrangements. Such costs may be presented in the balance sheet as an asset and subsequently amortized ratably over the term of the line-of-credit arrangement, regardless of whether there are any outstanding borrowings on the line-of-credit arrangement. ASU 2015-03 and ASU 2015-15 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015 (which is January 1, 2016 for us), including interim periods within those fiscal years. Earlier adoption is permitted for financial statements that have not been previously issued. We do not expect that the adoption of ASU 2015-03 and ASU 2015-15 will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In February 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02 – Consolidation (Topic 810), which amends the consolidation requirements in Topic 810 and significantly changes the consolidation analysis required under GAAP relating to whether or not to consolidate certain legal entities. This update is effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and for interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2015 (which is January 1, 2016 for us). Early adoption is permitted. We do not anticipate that the adoption of this update will have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements in future periods.

In January 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-01, Income Statement-Extraordinary and Unusual Items (Topic 225). This ASU updated the accounting guidance related to extraordinary and unusual items by eliminating the concept of extraordinary items. In addition, disclosure guidance for items that are unusual in nature or occur infrequently will be retained and will be expanded to include items that are both unusual in nature and infrequently occurring. This update is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2015 (which is January 1, 2016 for us). Early adoption is permitted. We do not anticipate that the adoption of this update will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). This update outlines a new, single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. This new revenue recognition model provides a five-step analysis in determining when and how revenue is recognized. The new model will require revenue recognition to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration a company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date, which deferred the effective date of ASU 2014-09 by one year. ASU 2014-09 is now effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017 (which is January 1, 2018 for us), including interim periods within that reporting period. Early adoption is permitted only as of annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. Entities have the option of using either a full retrospective or a modified approach to adopting the guidance. We have not yet selected a transition approach and we are currently assessing the impact on our consolidated financial statements from the adoption of this new accounting guidance.

Under SEC rules and regulations, as a smaller reporting company we are not required to provide the information otherwise required by this item.

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain “disclosure controls and procedures,” as such term is defined under Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e), that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed, in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, we recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and we were required to apply our judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. We have carried out an evaluation as of the end of the period covered by this report under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures.

Based on our evaluation and subject to the foregoing, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that there were no material weaknesses in our disclosure controls and procedures and that such disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report in providing reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and therefore there were no corrective actions taken.

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015. According to the guidelines established by Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, one or more material weaknesses renders a company’s internal control over financial reporting ineffective. Based on this evaluation, we have concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2015.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting during the most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.