Propanc Biopharma, Inc.: Form 10-Q for the period ended Sep 30, 2023

Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Information

The following discussion and analysis of the results of operations and financial condition of Propanc Biopharma, Inc., and its wholly-owned Australian subsidiary, Propanc PTY LTD (collectively, “Propanc” or the “Company”) as of September 30, 2023 and for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 should be read in conjunction with our unaudited financial statements and the notes to those unaudited financial statements that are included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2023 (this “Quarterly Report”). References in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations section to “us”, “we”, “our” and similar terms refer to Propanc. This Quarterly Report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). The events described in forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report may not occur. Generally, these statements relate to business plans or strategies, projected or anticipated benefits or other consequences of our plans or strategies, projected or anticipated benefits from acquisitions to be made by us, or projections involving anticipated revenues, earnings or other aspects of our operating results. The words “aim”, “anticipate”, “believe”, “continue”, “could”, “estimate”, “expect”, “feel”, “forecast”, “intend”, “may,”, “outlook”, “plan”, “potential”, “predict”, “project,”, “seek”, “should”, “will”, “would” and their opposites and similar expressions, are intended to identify forward-looking statements. We caution you that these statements are not guarantees of future performance or events and are subject to a number of uncertainties, risks and other influences, many of which are beyond our control, which may influence the accuracy of the statements and the projections upon which the statements are based.

Our actual results, performance and achievements could differ materially from those expressed or implied in these forward-looking statements. Except as required by federal securities laws, we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether from new information, future events or otherwise.

U.S. Dollars are denoted herein by “USD,” “$” and “dollars”.

Overview

The Company was originally formed in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia on October 15, 2007 as Propanc PTY LTD. On November 23, 2010, Propanc Health Group Corporation was incorporated in the State of Delaware and in January 2011, to reorganize our Company, we acquired all of the outstanding shares of Propanc PTY LTD on a one-for-one basis, whereby Propanc PTY LTD became our wholly-owned subsidiary. Effective April 20, 2017, we changed our name to “Propanc Biopharma, Inc.” to better reflect our current stage of operations and development.

We are a development-stage healthcare company that is currently focused on developing new cancer treatments for patients suffering from pancreatic, ovarian and colorectal cancer. Utilizing our scientific and oncology consultants, we have developed a rational, composite formulation of anti-cancer compounds, which together exert a number of effects designed to control or prevent tumors from recurring and spreading through the body. Our lead product candidate, PRP, is a variation upon our novel formulation and involves pro-enzymes, the inactive precursors of enzymes.

Recent Developments

November 7, 2023, POP1 Joint Research and Drug Discovery Program

On November 7, 2023, results reported by the Company’s joint researcher, Mrs. Belén Toledo Cutillas, MSc, at the laboratory of Professor Macarena Perán, PhD, University of Jaén, Granada, Spain, showed that PRP enhances the sensitivity of resistant pancreatic tumor cells to standard chemotherapy treatment and alters the tumor microenvironment by decreasing the fibrotic tissue and its malignancy (ability to spread into surrounding tissues). Results from the experiments demonstrates the effects of PRP on reducing chemoresistance in pancreatic tumor cells, which is a significant issue among pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients who have a poor 5-year survival rate of less than eight percent. As a result, the Company plans to investigate the clinical effects of PRP where an opportunity for a combinatorial therapeutic strategy may be uncovered to treat these resistant tumors

October 20, 2023 Purchase Agreement

On October 20, 2023, Propanc Biopharma, Inc. (the “Company”) entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with an investor (the “Investor”), pursuant to which the Investor agreed to purchase a convertible promissory note from the Company in the aggregate principal amount of $40,000 (the “Note”), such principal and the interest thereon convertible into shares of common stock of the Company, par value $0.001 per share (the “Common Stock”), at the option of Investor at any time after 180 days of the issuance date of the Note (the “Conversion Shares”). The transaction closed on October 29, 2023, and the Company intends to use the net proceeds therefrom for general working capital purposes.

The conversion price for the Note is equal to 65% of the market price of the Common Stock, which is based on the average of the lowest three trading prices of the Common Stock for the ten trading days immediately prior to the delivery of a notice of conversion of the Note. Notwithstanding the foregoing, such conversions are subject to a 4.99% beneficial ownership limitation and adjustments for stock splits, stock dividends or rights offerings, mergers, consolidations, reorganizations and similar events set forth in the Note. Pursuant to the Note, the Company is required to maintain an initial reserve of at least 500% of the number of Conversion Shares, subject to any increase or decrease of such reserved amount to reflect the Company’s obligations under the Note.

The maturity date of the Note is October 20, 2024, and bears interest at a rate of 8% per annum, which may be increased to 22% in the event of a default. During the first 60 days following the date of the Note, the Company has the right to prepay the principal and accrued but unpaid interest due under the Note, together with any other amounts that the Company may owe the Investor under the terms of the Note, at a 110% premium of the face amount plus accrued and unpaid interest and any other amounts owed to the Investor, which increases to (i) 115% if prepaid after 60 days, but less than 91 days from the issuance date, (ii) 120% if prepaid after 90 days, but less than 121 days from the issuance date, (iii) 125% if prepaid after 120 days, but less than 151 days from the issuance date, and (iv) 129% if prepaid after 150 days, but less than 181 days from the issuance date. After this initial 180-day period, the Company does not have a right to prepay the Note. Additionally, pursuant to the Note, so long as the Note is outstanding, the Company agreed not to sell, lease or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of its assets outside the ordinary course of business which would render the Company a “shell company” as defined in Rule 144 of the Securities Act, without the Investor’s consent.

The Note contains certain events of default, including failure to timely issue the Conversion Shares, failure to maintain the listing of the Common Stock on at least one of the OTC markets (which specifically includes the quotation platforms maintained by the OTC Markets Group) or an equivalent replacement exchange, failure to comply with its reporting requirements under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), a default by the Company under any other agreements entered into with the Investor, as well as certain customary events of default set forth in the Note, including, among others, breach of covenants, representations or warranties, insolvency, bankruptcy, liquidation and failure by the Company to pay the principal and interest due under the Note. Upon an event of default, the Note will become immediately due and payable by the Company in an amount equal to 150% of an amount equal to the then outstanding principal amount of the Note plus any interest accrued upon such event of default or prior events of default

October 12, 2023 Purchase Agreement

On October 12, 2023, Propanc Biopharma, Inc. (the “Company”) entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with an investor (the “Investor”), pursuant to which the Investor agreed to purchase a convertible redeemable promissory note from the Company in the aggregate principal amount of $61,000 (the “Note”), for a purchase price of $57,500. The transaction closed on October 16, 2023, and the Company intends to use the net proceeds therefrom for general working capital purposes.

The principal and interest on the Note is convertible into shares of common stock of the Company, par value $0.001 per share (the “Common Stock”), at the option of Investor at any time (the “Conversion Shares”). The initial conversion price for the Conversion Shares issuable under the Note is equal to $0.015 per share (the “Fixed Price”), provided that the Fixed Price will be reduced to $0.0075 per share in the event that the market price of the Common Stock trades below $0.01 per share for more than five consecutive trading days. In the event of a default under the Note and unless the Fixed Price is lower, such conversion price will equal the lowest trading price of the Common Stock for the ten trading days immediately preceding such default, which price is subject to re-adjustment every thirty calendar days during the period in which the Company remains in default. Pursuant to the Note, in the event that such conversion price is below the par value of the Common Stock, the Company has agreed to take all steps to reduce such par value or conduct a reverse split of its Common Stock, as applicable. Notwithstanding the foregoing, such conversion price and lookback periods are subject to adjustment in favor of the Investor in the event the Company issues securities to another party with more favorable conversion terms, and such conversions are subject to a 4.99% beneficial ownership limitation (which may be increased to 9.9% upon 60 days’ prior written notice from the holder of the Note) and adjustments for mergers, consolidations, reorganizations and similar events set forth in the Note, other than a transfer or sale of all or substantially all Company assets. Pursuant to the Note, the Company is required to maintain an initial reserve of at least 400% of the number of Conversion Shares, subject to any increase of such reserved amount to reflect the Company’s obligations under the Note.

In addition, pursuant to the Note, in the event of a transfer or sale of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets, or certain merger, consolidation, reorganization and similar events described in the Note, the Company will be required to, upon the Investor’s request, (i) redeem the Note in cash for 150% of the principal and accrued but unpaid interest thereon through such redemption date or (ii) convert the unpaid principal and accrued but unpaid interest into shares of Common Stock immediately prior to such event at the conversion price then in effect.

The maturity date of the Note is April 12, 2024 and the Note bears interest at a rate of 8% per annum, which may be increased to 24% in the event of a default. Interest on such Note is payable only in Common Stock in accordance with the terms of conversion in the Note. During the first 60 days following the date of the Note, the Company has the right to prepay the principal and accrued but unpaid interest due under the Note, at a 110% premium of the face amount plus accrued and unpaid interest, which increases to (i) 120% if prepaid after 60 days, but less than 121 days from the issuance date and (ii) 125% if prepaid after 120 days, but less than 181 days from the issuance date. After this initial 180-day period, the Company does not have a right to prepay the Note.

The Note contains certain events of default, including failure to timely issue the Conversion Shares, failure to maintain the listing of the Common Stock on at least one of the OTC markets (which specifically includes the quotation platforms maintained by the OTC Markets Group) or an equivalent replacement exchange or lose the “bid” price of its Common Stock on such exchange (if the latter occurs, the outstanding principal amount under the Note will increase by 20%), failure to comply with its reporting requirements with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, a breach of certain covenants in the Purchase Agreement, default by the Company under any other note issued to the Investor, as well as certain customary events of default set forth in the Note, including, among others, breach of covenants, representations or warranties, insolvency, bankruptcy, liquidation and failure by the Company to pay the principal and interest due under the Note. Upon an event of default, the Note will become immediately due and payable by the Company.

Results of Operations

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the Company’s unaudited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this Report. The results discussed below are of the Company and its wholly-owned Australian subsidiary, Propanc PTY LTD.

For the Three months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to the Three months ended September 30, 2022.

Revenue

For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, we generated no revenue because we are currently undertaking research and development activities for market approval and no sales were generated in this period.

Administration Expense

Administration expense decreased to $393,828 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to $465,132 for the three months ended September 30, 2022. This decrease of approximately $71,000 is primarily attributable to a decrease of approximately $103,000 in general consulting, legal and investor relation fees and decrease in stock-based expenses of approximately $2,000, offset by increase in accounting fees of approximately $9,000, increase of approximately $24,000 in employee remuneration expense and increase in other general and administrative expenses of approximately $1,000.

Occupancy Expense

Occupancy expenses increased to $7,149 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to $6,373 for the three months ended September 30, 2022. This increase of approximately $800 is primarily attributable to exchange rate movements over the period when compared to the same period in 2022.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses were decreased to $16,242 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to $101,325 for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease in research and development expenses of $85,083 is primarily due to budgetary constraints as the Company prepares to advance PRP to a First-In-Human study in advanced cancer patients in 2024.

Such research and development expenses are related to the two-year collaboration agreement with University of Jaén, which was executed in October 2020 to provide certain research services to the Company ending on October 2022, relating to the investigation of a fully synthetic recombinant version of PRP. Additionally, on July 27, 2022, the Company entered into another two-year research agreement with the University of Jaén to provide certain research and experiment services to the Company relating to the investigation of the effects of pancreatic proenzymes against the tumor microenvironment.

Interest Expense

Interest expense increased to $178,234 for the three months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to $162,752 for the three months ended September 30, 2022. Interest expense is primarily comprised of approximately $175,000 of debt discount amortization and accretion of put premium and interest expense from accrual of interest expense and other financing fees for a total of approximately $3,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2023.

This increase in interest expense of $15,482 is primarily attributable to the increase in amortization of debt discount of approximately $38,000, offset by decrease of approximately $27,000 in accretion of put premium.

Derivative Expense

Derivative expense were increased to $77,721 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to a loss of $0 for the three months ended September 30, 2022. This increase is primarily attributable to the issuance of a convertible note in August 2023 to GS Capital which initial value was bifurcated from the embedded conversion option and was recorded as derivative expense.

Change in Fair Value of Derivative Liabilities

Change in fair value of derivative liabilities were increased to a gain of $ 303,929 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to a gain of $65,173 for the three months ended September 30, 2022. This increase in gain of approximately $239,000 is primarily attributable to a decrease in fair value of the principal amount of convertible notes with bifurcated embedded conversion option derivatives as a result of the decrease in stock prices during the three months ended September 30, 2023.

Gain from Settlement of accounts payable

Gain from settlement of accounts payable was $0 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to $17,499 for the three months ended September 30, 2022. On August 16, 2022, the Company and a third-party investor relations consultant agreed to settle an outstanding payable of $23,050 in exchange for 2,305,000 warrants to purchase the Company’s common stock at $0.01 per share with an expiry date of August 16, 2025 and fair market value of $5,551. Accordingly, the Company recognized gain from settlement of accounts payable of $17,499 during the three months ended September 30, 2022.

Gain (Loss) on Extinguishment of Debt, net

During the three months ended September 30, 2023 notes with principal amounts totaling $70,800, accrued interest of $5,184 and conversion fees of $1,437 containing bifurcated embedded conversion option derivatives were converted into common stock. Accordingly, the fair market value of the shares issued upon conversion was $191,043, resulting in a loss on extinguishment at the time of conversion of $113,622 and $147,932 of derivative liability fair value was recorded as a gain on extinguishment at the time of conversion, resulting in a net gain of $34,310 which is included in gain (loss) on extinguishment of debt in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

During the three months ended September 30, 2022, notes with principal amounts totaling $79,000 and accrued interest of $9,543 contained bifurcated embedded conversion option derivatives. Accordingly, the fair market value of the shares issued was $195,952, resulting in a loss on extinguishment at the time of conversion of $107,409 and $106,799 of derivative fair value liability was recorded as a gain on extinguishment at the time of conversion, resulting in a net loss of $610.

Foreign Currency Transaction Gain (Loss)

Foreign currency transaction gain (loss) decreased to a loss of ($15,948) for the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to a gain of $36,223 for the three months ended September 30, 2022. This decrease of approximately $52,000 is partially attributable to the decrease in exchange rates during the three months ended September 30, 2023.

Net loss

Net loss decreased to $350,866 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to a net loss of $617,295 for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The change relates to the factors discussed above.

Deemed dividend

The Company recognized the value of the effect of a down round feature related to our Series A warrants when triggered. Upon the occurrence of the triggering event that resulted in a reduction of the strike price, the Company measured the value of the effect of the feature as the difference between the fair value of the warrants without the down round feature or before the strike price reduction and the fair value of the warrants with a strike price corresponding to the reduced strike price upon the down round feature being triggered. Accordingly, the Company recognized deemed dividend of $142,575 and $389,235 during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and a corresponding reduction of income available to common stockholders upon the alternate cashless exercise of these warrants during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Net loss available to common stockholders

Net loss available to common stockholders decreased to $493,441 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to a net loss available to common stockholders of $1,006,530 for the three months ended September 30, 2022. This decrease of approximately $513,000 is primarily attributable to the change relates to the factors discussed above.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Current Financial Condition

As of September 30, 2023, we had total assets of $180,371, comprised primarily of cash of $6,625, GST tax receivable of $2,634, prepaid expenses and other current assets of $20,376, refundable advance deposit of $116,169, security deposit of $1,928, operating lease ROU asset, net of $32,479, and property and equipment, net of $160. As compared to June 30, 2023, we had total assets of $60,328, comprised primarily of cash of $10,047, GST tax receivable of $2,867, prepaid expenses and other current assets of $6,125, property and equipment, net, of $302, operating lease ROU asset, net of $38,988, and security deposit of $1,999.

We had current liabilities of $3,133,113, primarily comprised of net convertible debt of $397,443, accounts payable and accrued expenses of $1,081,316, employee benefit liability of $579,083, loan payable of $65,280, note payable, net of $126,000 and embedded conversion option liabilities of $119,069 as of September 30, 2022. As compared to June 30, 2022, we had current liabilities of $3,158,229, primarily comprised of net convertible debt of $390,539, loan payable of $65,280, accounts payable and accrued expenses of $1,546,425, employee benefit liability of $587,618, and embedded conversion option liabilities of $423,209.

We have funded our operations primarily through the issuance of equity and/or convertible securities for cash. The cash was used primarily for payments for research and development, administration expenses, occupancy expenses, professional fees, consultants and travel.

During the three months ended September 30, 2023 we received proceeds from issuance of note of $120,000, proceeds from issuance of convertible notes of $220,000, and proceeds from issuance of loan payable from a related party of $153,256.

We have substantial capital resource requirements and have incurred significant losses since inception. As of September 30, 2023, we had $6,625 in cash. We depend upon debt and/or equity financing to fund our ongoing operations and to execute our current business plan. Such capital requirements are in excess of what we have in available cash and for which we currently have commitments. Therefore, we presently do not have enough available cash to meet our obligations over the next 12 months. If continued funding and capital resources are unavailable at reasonable terms, we may curtail our plan of operations. We will be required to obtain alternative or additional financing from financial institutions, investors or otherwise, in order to maintain and expand our existing operations. The failure by us to obtain such financing would have a material adverse effect upon our business, financial condition and results of operations, and adversely affecting our ability to complete ongoing activities in connection with our research and development programs.

Sources and Uses of Cash

Net Cash Flow from Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities was $333,457 for the three months ended September 30, 2023, due to our net loss of $350,866 offset primarily by non-cash charges of amortization of debt discount of $69,457, non-cash interest expense of $1,437, accretion of put premium of $88,846, derivative expense of $77,721, foreign currency transaction loss of $15,948, addback change in fair value of derivatives of $303,929 and gain from extinguishment of debt of $34,310. Net changes in operating assets and liabilities totaled $96,977, which is primarily attributable to increase in prepaid expense of $14,468, increase in refundable advance deposit of $116,169, increase accrued interest of $15,712, increase in accounts payable of $148,834, and increase in accrued expenses and other payables of $55,693.

Net cash used in operating activities was $509,315 for the three months ended September 30, 2022, due to our net loss of $617,295 offset primarily by non-cash charges of amortization of debt discount of $31,275, stock-based compensation of $2,408, accretion of put premium of $115,769, change in fair value of derivatives of $65,173 and issuance and gain from settlement of debt of $17,499. Net changes in operating assets and liabilities totaled $71,209, which is primarily attributable to increase in employee benefit liability of $10,415, increase accrued interest of $13,430, increase in accrued expenses and other payables of $15,162, and increase in accounts payable of $45,121.

Net Cash Flow from Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities for the three months ended September 30, 2023 were $350,347 as compared to $494,219 for the three months ended September 30, 2022. During the three months ended September 30, 2023 we received net proceeds from issuance of convertible notes of $220,000, proceeds from issuance of note of $120,000, proceeds from issuance of loan from a related party of $153,256 offset by repayment of convertible note of $142,909.

During the three months ended September 30, 2022 we received proceeds from the exercise of warrants of $100,000, proceeds from sale of common stock of $24,711, collections of subscription receivable of $23,758, and net proceeds from issuance of convertible notes of $345,750.

Effect of Exchange Rate

The effect of the exchange rate on cash resulted in a $20,312 negative adjustment to cash flows in the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to a $30,425 positive adjustment to cash flows in the three months ended September 30, 2022. The reason for the fluctuation is due to the application of currency translation rates throughout the cash flow statement, the volume of transactions within each period and the daily fluctuation in exchange rates.

Critical Accounting Estimates

Below is a discussion of our more subjective accounting estimation processes for purposes of explaining (i) the methodology used in calculating the estimates, (ii) the inherent uncertainties pertaining to such estimates, and (iii) the possible effects of a significant variance in actual experience, from that of the estimate, on our financial condition. Estimates involve numerous assumptions that, if incorrect, could create a material adverse impact on the Company’s results of operations and financial condition.

Reference is frequently made herein to the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”). This is the source of authoritative US GAAP recognized by the FASB to be applied to non-governmental entities. Each ASC reference in this filing is presented with a three-digit number, which represents its Topic. As necessary for explanation and as applicable, an ASC topic may be followed with a two-digit subtopic, a two-digit section or a two-or-three-digit paragraph.

Foreign Currency Translation and Comprehensive Income (Loss): The Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary’s functional currency is the AUD. For financial reporting purposes, the Australian Dollar (“AUD”) has been translated into USD as the Company’s reporting currency. Assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses are translated at the average rate of exchange prevailing during the reporting period. Equity transactions are translated at each historical transaction date spot rate. Translation adjustments arising from the use of different exchange rates from period to period are included as a component of stockholders’ equity (deficit) as “accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).” Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency transactions are included in the statement of operations and comprehensive loss as other income (expense). Effective fiscal year 2021, the Company determined that intercompany loans will not be repaid in the foreseeable future and thus, per ASC 830-20-35-3, gains and losses from measuring the intercompany balances are recorded within cumulative translation adjustment, a component of other comprehensive income.

Accounting for Income Taxes: We are governed by Australian income tax laws and United States income tax laws, which are administered by the Australian Taxation Office and the United States Internal Revenue Service, respectively. We follow ASC 740, “Accounting for Income Taxes,” which requires an asset and liability approach to financial accounting and reporting for income taxes. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are computed annually for temporary differences between the financial statements and tax bases of assets and liabilities that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in the future based on enacted tax laws and rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. Income tax expense is the tax payable or refundable for the period plus or minus the change during the period in deferred tax assets and liabilities.

The Company adopted provisions of ASC 740, Sections 25 through 60, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes.” These sections provide detailed guidance for the financial statement recognition, measurement and disclosure of uncertain tax positions recognized in the financial statements. Tax positions must meet a “more-likely-than-not” recognition threshold at the effective date to be recognized upon the adoption of ASC 740 and in subsequent periods.

Accounting for Stock Based Compensation: We record stock-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718, “Stock Compensation” and Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107 issued by the SEC in March 2005 regarding its interpretation of ASC 718. ASC 718 requires the fair value of all stock-based employee compensation awarded to employees to be recorded as an expense over the related requisite service period. The statement also requires the recognition of compensation expense for the fair value of any unvested stock option awards outstanding at the date of adoption. We value any employee or non-employee stock-based compensation at fair value using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model.

We account for non-employee share-based awards in accordance with the measurement and recognition criteria of ASC 718.

Derivative Instruments: ASC 815, “Derivatives and Hedging,” establishes accounting and reporting standards for derivative instruments and for hedging activities by requiring that all derivatives be recognized in the balance sheet and measured at fair value. Gains or losses resulting from changes in the fair value of derivatives are recognized in earnings. On the date of conversion, or payoff, of debt, we record the fair value of the conversion shares, remove the fair value of the related derivative liability, remove any discounts and record a net gain or loss on debt extinguishment.

Convertible Notes with Variable Conversion Options: We have entered into convertible notes, some of which contain variable conversion options, whereby the outstanding principal and accrued interest may be converted, by the holder, into shares of Common Stock at or around a fixed discount to the price of the Common Stock at the time of conversion. We treat these convertible notes as stock settled debt under ASC 480 and measure the fair value of the notes at the time of issuance, which is the result of the share price discount at the time of conversion and record the put premium as accretion to interest expense.

Research and Development Tax Credits: We may apply for research and development tax concessions with the Australian Taxation Office on an annual basis. Although the amount is possible to estimate at year end, the Australian Taxation Office may reject or materially alter the claim amount. Accordingly, we do not recognize the benefit of the claim amount until cash receipt since collectability is not certain until such time. The tax concession is a refundable credit. If we have net income then we can receive the credit which reduces its income tax liability. If we have net losses, then we may still receive a cash payment for the credit, however, our net operating loss carry forwards are reduced by the gross equivalent loss that would produce the credit amount when the income tax rate is applied to that gross amount. The concession is recognized as an income tax benefit, in operations, upon receipt.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Please see section captioned “Recent Accounting Pronouncements” in Note 1 to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report for a discussion of recently issued and adopted accounting pronouncements.

Going Concern Qualification

We did not generate any revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 and have incurred significant losses and cash used in operations, and such losses and use of cash are expected to continue. Our independent registered public accounting firm has included a “Going Concern Qualification” in their audit report for each of the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022. In addition, we have negative working capital and convertible debt that is past maturity that we are currently negotiating with lenders in order to amend the maturity dates. The foregoing raises substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern for a period of 12 months from the issue date of this report. Our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent on our ability to execute our strategy and on our ability to raise additional funds and/or to consummate a public offering. Management is currently seeking additional funds, primarily through the issuance of equity and/or debt securities for cash to operate our business. No assurance can be given that any future financing will be available or, if available, that it will be on terms that are satisfactory to us. Even if we are able to obtain additional financing, it may contain undue restrictions on our operations, in the case of debt financing or cause substantial dilution for our stockholders, in case of equity and/or convertible debt financing. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty. The “Going Concern Qualification” might make it substantially more difficult to raise capital.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

As of September 30, 2023, we were in default under certain loan issued to certain noteholder on October 3, 2019 for failure to pay an aggregate of $65,280 and $38,190 of principal and accrued interest, respectively, as of September 30, 2023, subsequent to their maturity date. We are currently in discussions with such noteholder to extend such maturity date. See “Note 5 – Loans “ to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I of this Quarterly Report for additional information.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) that are designed to reasonably ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure based closely on the definition of “disclosure controls and procedures” in Rule 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, our management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

At the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report, we conducted an evaluation (the “Evaluation”), under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based upon the foregoing, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of September 30, 2023, the disclosure controls and procedures of our Company were not effective to ensure that the information required to be disclosed in our Exchange Act reports was recorded, processed, summarized and reported on a timely basis due to the material weaknesses in financial reporting as discussed below.

Material Weaknesses and Corrective Actions

The framework used by management in making that assessment was the criteria set forth in the document entitled “2013 Internal Control - Integrated Framework” issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, (“COSO”). In connection with the audits of our financial statements for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, we identified certain deficiencies relating to our internal control over financial reporting that constitute a material weakness under standards established by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (the “PCAOB”). A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, within the meaning of PCAOB Audit Standard No. 5, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

The following material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting continued to exist at September 30, 2023:

• we do not have written documentation of our internal control policies and procedures. Written documentation of key internal controls over financial reporting is a requirement of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”);
• we do not have sufficient segregation of duties within accounting functions, which is a basic internal control. Due to our limited size and early-stage nature of operations, segregation of all conflicting duties may not always be possible and may not be economically feasible; however, to the extent possible, the initiation of transactions, the custody of assets and the recording of transactions should be performed by separate individuals;
• lack of audit committee of our board of directors; and
• insufficient monitoring and review controls over the financial reporting closing process, including the lack of individuals with current knowledge of U.S. GAAP.

We outsource certain of the functions that would normally be performed by a principal financial officer to assist us in implementing the necessary financial controls over the financial reporting and the utilization of internal management and staff to effectuate these controls.

We believe that these material weaknesses primarily relate, in part, to our lack of sufficient staff with appropriate training in U.S. GAAP and SEC rules and regulations with respect to financial reporting functions, and the lack of robust accounting systems, as well as the lack of sufficient resources to hire such staff and implement these accounting systems.

We plan to take a number of actions in the future to correct these material weaknesses including, but not limited to, establishing an audit committee of our board of directors comprised of at least two independent directors, adding experienced accounting and financial personnel and retaining third-party consultants to review our internal controls and recommend improvements, subject to receiving sufficient additional capital. If we receive sufficient capital, we hope to increase the chief financial officer’s role from part-time to full-time as the next step in building out our accounting department. We will need to take additional measures to fully mitigate these issues, and the measures we have taken, and expect to take, to improve our internal controls may not be sufficient to (1) address the issues identified, (2) ensure that our internal controls are effective or (3) ensure that the identified material weakness or other material weaknesses will not result in a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements. In addition, other material weaknesses may be identified in the future. If we are unable to correct deficiencies in internal controls in a timely manner, our ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information accurately and within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC will be adversely affected. This failure could negatively affect the market price and trading liquidity of our Common Stock, cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, subject us to civil and criminal investigations and penalties, and generally materially and adversely impact our business and financial condition.

Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures

In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.

Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.