Intelligent Bio Solutions Inc.: Form 10-Q for the period ended Dec 31, 2023

You should read the following discussion in conjunction with our audited historical consolidated financial statements, which are included in the 2023 Form 10-K and our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2023, included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contains statements that are forward-looking. These statements are based on current expectations and assumptions that are subject to risks, uncertainties, and other factors. Actual results could differ materially because of the factors discussed below or elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. See Part II, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of the 2023 Form 10-K.

Forward-Looking Information

All statements other than statements of historical fact or relating to present facts or current conditions included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding expectations, hopes, beliefs, intentions, or strategies regarding the future. In addition, any statements that refer to projections, forecasts or other characterizations of future events or circumstances, including any underlying assumptions, are forward-looking statements. These statements may include words such as “anticipate,” “estimate,” “expect,” “project,” “plan,” “intend,” “believe,” “may,” “should,” “can have,” “likely” and the negative of such words and other words and terms of similar meaning, but the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking.

The forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are based on our current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effects on us. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including those described in “Item 1A — Risk Factors” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in our 2023 Form 10-K. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for our management to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the future events and trends discussed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may not occur and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements.

You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. The events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements may not be achieved or occur. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements. Except as required by the federal securities laws, we are under no duty to update any of these forward-looking statements after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or to conform these statements to actual results or revised expectations.

Overview

Intelligent Bio Solutions Inc. (formerly known as GBS Inc.), and its wholly owned Delaware subsidiary, GBS Operations Inc. were each formed on December 5, 2016, under the laws of the state of Delaware. Our Australian subsidiary Intelligent Bio Solutions (APAC) Pty Ltd (formerly known as Glucose Biosensor Systems (Greater China) Pty Ltd) was formed on August 4, 2016, under the laws of New South Wales, Australia and was renamed to Intelligent Bio Solutions (APAC) Pty Ltd on January 6, 2023. On October 4, 2022, INBS acquired Intelligent Fingerprinting Limited (IFP), a company registered in England and Wales (the IFP Acquisition). Our headquarters are in New York, New York.

We are a medical technology company focused on developing and delivering intelligent, rapid, non-invasive testing and screening solutions. We operate globally with the objective of providing innovative and accessible solutions that improve the quality of life.

Our current product portfolio includes:

• Intelligent Fingerprinting Platform - Our proprietary portable platform analyzes fingerprint sweat using a one-time (recyclable) cartridge and portable handheld reader. Our flagship product from this platform, which is commercially available in certain countries outside of the United States, is the Intelligent Fingerprinting Drug Screening System (the “IFP System” or “IFP Products”), a two-part system that consists of non-invasive, fingerprint sweat-based diagnostic testing products designed to detect drugs of abuse including opiates, cocaine, methamphetamines, benzodiazepines, cannabis, methadone, and buprenorphine. The system comprises a small, tamper-evident drug screening cartridge onto which ten fingerprint sweat samples are collected in under a minute, before the portable analysis unit provides an on-screen result in under ten minutes. Samples collected with our confirmatory kits can be sent to a third-party laboratory service provider to perform confirmation testing. Customers include safety-critical industries such as construction, transportation and logistics firms, manufacturing, engineering, drug treatment organizations in the rehabilitation sector, and judicial organizations.
• The Biosensor Platform – Our “Biosensor Platform” consists of a small, printable modified organic thin-film transistor strip that we license across the Asia Pacific Region (“APAC Region”) from Life Science Biosensor Diagnostics Pty Ltd (“LSBD” or “Licensor”). The Biosensor Platform, which is designed to detect multiple biological analytes by substituting the Glucose Oxidase (“GOX”) enzyme with a suitable alternative for each analyte, is currently in the development stage. Our flagship product candidate based on the Biosensor Platform technology is the Saliva Glucose Biosensor (“SGB” and, together with a software app that interfaces the SGB with the Company’s digital information system, the Saliva Glucose Test or “SGT”), a Point of Care Test (POCT) expected to complement the finger pricking invasive blood glucose monitoring test for diabetic patients. Our products based on the SGT are referred to herein as the “SGT products.”

These platform technologies have the potential to develop a range of POCT including the modalities of clinical chemistry, immunology, tumor markers, allergens, and endocrinology.

We are party to following technology license agreements:

• SGT - The Amended and Restated License Agreement dated September 12, 2019, which amends and restates all previous license agreements (the “SGT License Agreement”) is limited to the APAC Region.
• COV2 - The technology license agreement dated June 23, 2020 (the “COV2 License Agreement”), for COV2 diagnostic test globally.

In addition to above, we have 50% equity interest in BiosensX (North America) Inc., which has a separate technology license agreement with the Licensor covering glucose/diabetes management field in the North America Territory.

SGT License Agreement - On September 12, 2019, we entered into an Amended and Restated Technology License Agreement, or the “SGT License Agreement,” with the LSBD amending and restating all the previous SGT license agreements with LSBD. The SGT License Agreement sets forth our contractual rights and responsibilities relating to the Licensed Products in the APAC Region. The “Licensed Products” are products consisting of a biosensor strip and smart device application or dedicated reader device that use the biosensor technology owned by the Licensor relating to measuring, or otherwise determining, the amount or concentration of glucose, and the existence of biological markers of cancer, allergy/immunology and hormones, in a bodily fluid. The Licensed Products only include products that are supplied by an authorized supplier. We do not currently intend to manufacture the Licensed Products in-house.

COV2 License Agreement - On June 23, 2020, we entered into a COV2 License Agreement with LSBD. The COV2 License Agreement sets forth our contractual rights and responsibilities relating to the COV2 Products. The “COV2 Products” include: (i) a biosensor strip for antibodies against SARS-CoV-2; (ii) a proprietary smartphone application for the purpose reading, storing, analyzing and providing patient support programs for any one or more of the indicators for the purpose of measuring the amount or concentration of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgA) specific to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); and/or (iii) a dedicated sensor strip reading device for any one or more of the indicators for the purpose of measuring the amount or concentration of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgA) specific to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The COV2 Products only include products that are supplied by an authorized supplier.

Highlights of Achievements

Our major highlights of achievements through the quarter ended December 31, 2023:

• On October 4, 2023, the Company raised approximately $4.38 million, prior to deducting underwriting discounts, commissions and offering expenses, via a registered underwritten public offering of the Company’s securities. Net proceeds to the Company, after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by the Company, were approximately $3.79 million. This capital will allow the business to fund ongoing operations.
• On October 24, 2023, the Company announced its expansion into the New Zealand market, expanding its global footprint and extending the reach of its drug screening product. Expansion into New Zealand demonstrates the Company’s ability to introduce its product in new markets. The Company aims to continue growth in new markets, offering an alternative and innovative solution that places a strong emphasis on operational efficiency, fitness for duty, employee privacy and dignity.
• During the quarter, we announced new partnerships with VKVP Haulage, State Road Constructions, Titan Cranes and Rigging Pty Ltd. and P&O Ferries. Additionally, the Company reported the successful completion of 25,000 Intelligent Fingerprinting tests by its existing customer, Auctus Management Group. These new customer contracts demonstrate the growing demand for the Company’s innovative drug screening product across a wide range of organizations and industries. The Company looks to continue this momentum and expand its customer base as its drug screening product becomes more established in the market.
• In December 2023, the National Association of Testing Authorities (NATA) accredited the Company’s laboratory partner, Racing Analytical Services Limited (RASL), to perform its fingerprint confirmatory drug testing procedure. This accreditation serves as an independent benchmark for technical validation, demonstrating the Company’s commitment to product quality, safety, and reliability for its customers. This achievement positions INBS as a trusted and reliable partner, catering to the evolving compliance and safety needs of organizations across Asia-Pacific and beyond. The Company is committed to expanding awareness of its commitment to excellence and the high quality of its drug screening product.

27

Results of Operations

Comparison of the Three and Six Months Ended December 31, 2023 and 2022

* Common stock and per share amount have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the decreased number of shares resulting from a 1-for-12 reverse stock split effected on January 26, 2024, and a 1-for-20 reverse stock split effected on February 9, 2023, throughout the condensed consolidated financial statement unless otherwise stated.

Revenue

Sales of goods

Revenue from sales of goods increased by $407,385 from $356,679 to $764,064 for the quarter ended December 31, 2023, compared to same period in 2022. This is due to the expansion of the customer base, both in the pre-existing markets and expansion into new regions. We expect this trend to continue as we expand into new markets in the future.

Revenue from sales of goods increased by $1,203,478 from $356,679 to $1,560,157 for the six months ended December 31, 2023, compared to same period in 2022. This is due to the acquisition of IFP on October 4, 2022 following which the revenue started to grow. The overall revenue increase is attributable to the expansion of the customer base as noted above.

Revenue from the IFPG segment relates to the sale of readers, cartridges and accessories and is summarized as follows:

Cost of revenue

Cost of revenue increased by $452,180 from $112,635 to $564,815 for the quarter ended December 31, 2023, compared to same period in 2022. Cost of revenue relates to the direct labor, direct material costs and direct overhead costs incurred in the production of the goods. This is in line with expectations, as we grow the business and expand into new markets, which will drive revenue growth.

Cost of revenue increased by $1,015,943 from $112,635 to $1,128,578 for the six months ended December 31, 2023, compared to same period in 2022. The increase in cost of revenue is driven by the increase in revenue.

Gross profit

Gross profit is primarily attributable to the IFPG segment.

Gross profit decreased by $44,796 from $244,044 to $199,248 for the quarter ended December 31, 2023, compared to same period in 2022. This has been driven by increased direct costs in establishing our product in the new market and acquiring new customers. We expect gross profit margin to stabilize as the business expands its customer base in existing and new markets.

Gross profit increased by $ 187,535 from $244,044 to $431,579 for the six months ended December 31, 2023, compared to same period in 2022. This is due to the growth in revenue due to expansion of the customers base, offset by the increased direct costs of establishing our product in new markets and acquiring new customers.

Government support income

Government support income in the IFPG and SGBP segments decreased by $116,421 from $269,625 to $153,204 for the quarter ended December 31, 2023, compared to same period in 2022. This decrease was primarily attributable to timing of amount spent on qualifying research and development expenditure for research and development government subsidies.

Government support income in the IFPG and SGBP segment decreased by $317,870 from $580,945 to $263,075 for the six months ended December 31, 2023, compared to same period in 2022. This decrease was primarily attributable to timing of the amount spent on qualifying research and development expenditure for research and development government subsidies.

The grant support income is primarily attributable to INBS’s subsidiary companies recognizing an R&D tax refund as the Company believes that it is probable that the amount will be recovered in full through a future claim (see Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further information and disclosures relating R&D tax refund).

Operating expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased by $540,245 to $1,705,044 from $2,245,289 for the quarter ended December 31, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022. This is a result of improvements in the business as we seek to streamline the IFP business following the acquisition in the prior period and improve our fiscal performance by focusing on improving the cost efficiency of the combined businesses.

General and administrative expenses increased by $466,397 to $4,162,104 from $3,695,707 for the six months ended December 31, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022. This is largely due to the effects of acquisition of IFP, as results of operations of IFP were consolidated in the current period from October 4, 2023 and therefore the associated costs were not included for over half of this reporting period.

As the Company’s operating activities increase, we expect its general and administrative costs will include additional costs in overhead contribution, consultancy, as well as an increase in employee-related costs associated with a higher headcount. We aim to ensure that our cost efficiency is increased over the same period whilst we streamline the businesses, delivering increased value for investors.

Development and regulatory approval expenses

Development and regulatory approval expenses increased by $347,261 from $1,191 to $348,452 for the quarter ended December 31, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022. This increase is primarily driven by amount spent on in-house research and development staff and timing of R&D work performed by the research partners engaged by the business.

Development and regulatory approval expenses increased by $371,934 from $80,465 from $452,399 for the six months ended December 31, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022. This increase is primarily driven by amount spent on in-house research and development staff and timing of R&D work performed by the research partners engaged by the business.

As the Company’s operating activities increase, we expect its development and regulatory expenses to increase in future periods, as demonstrated by the results above.

Depreciation and amortization

Depreciation and amortization decreased by $107,843 from $398,156 to $290,313 for the quarter ended December 31, 2023, compared to same period in 2022. This is due to the re-evaluation of the useful life of the technology assets acquired from IFP on October 4, 2022. The life of the technology assets was increased from 5 years to 7 years on April 1, 2023.

Depreciation and amortization increased by $199,717 from $398,156 to $597,873 for the six months ended December 31, 2023, compared to same period in 2022. This is due to the acquisition of IFP and amortization of acquired Intangibles during the current period, offset by the revaluation of the useful life of technology assets as noted above.

Other income and expenses

Interest expense

Interest expense decreased by $44,299 from $76,767 to $32,468 for the quarter ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in 2022. This decrease was attributable to the conversion of the convertible notes into common shares of the Company in May 2023.

Interest expenses decreased by $7,916 from $77,832 to $69,916 for the six months ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in 2022. This decrease was attributable to the conversion of the convertible notes into common shares of the Company in May 2023.

Realized foreign exchange loss

Realized foreign exchange loss decreased by $13,346 to $555 from a loss of $13,901 for the quarter ended December 31, 2023, compared to the same period in fiscal 2022. This decrease was largely attributable to more favorable exchange rates while settling transactions in currencies other than its functional currencies.

Realized foreign exchange loss decreased by $15,593 to $555 from a loss of $16,148 for the six months ended December 31, 2023, compared to the same period in fiscal 2022. This decrease was largely attributable to more favorable exchange rates while settling transactions in currencies other than its functional currencies.

Fair value movements through profit and loss

The fair value gain decreased by $1,748,603 from $1,793,091 to $44,488 for the quarter ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in 2022. This is mainly due to revaluation gain on convertibles notes recorded during the quarter ended December 2022. The Company did not record a fair value gain or loss during the quarter ended December 31, 2023 as the convertible notes were converted into common shares in May 2023.

The fair value gain decreased by $1,617,353 from $1,793,091 to $175,738 for the six months ended December 31, 2023 as compared to the same period in 2022. This is due to the conversion of convertible notes of IFP into common shares of INBS as noted above.

Income tax (expense) benefit

There was no income tax expense for both the three and six months ended December 31, 2023, and 2022, respectively, as the Company has established a full valuation allowance for all its deferred tax assets.

Other comprehensive income

Foreign currency translation gain

Unrealized foreign currency translation gain decreased by $286,464 from $361,597 to $75,133 for the quarter ended December 31, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022. It is calculated based on the Company’s unsettled transactions in currencies other than its functional currency and translation of Assets and Liabilities of foreign subsidiaries in reporting currency.

Unrealized foreign currency translation gain decreased by $168,921 from $226,038 to $57,117 for the quarter ended December 31, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022. It is calculated based on the Company’s unsettled transactions in currencies other than its functional currency and translation of Assets and Liabilities of foreign subsidiaries in reporting currency.

Net loss

Net loss attributable to INBS increased by $1,549,041 from $420,600 to $1,969,641 for the quarter ended December 31, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022. This increase is primarily driven by combined results of operations after the acquisition of IFP offset by a recognition of fair value gain on revaluation of convertible notes Closing Holdback Shares of $ 1,793,091 during the same period in 2022.

Net loss attributable to INBS increased by $2,765,952 from $1,628,893 to $4,394,845 for the six months ended December 31, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022. This increase is primarily driven by combined results of operations after the acquisition of IFP offset by a recognition of fair value gain on revaluation of convertible notes and Closing Holdback Shares of $ 1,793,091 during the same period in 2022.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We use working capital and cash measures to evaluate the performance of our operations and our ability to meet our financial obligations. We define Working Capital as current assets less current liabilities. This measure should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for any standardized measure under GAAP. This information is intended to provide investors with information about our liquidity. Other companies in our industry may calculate this measure differently than we do, limiting its usefulness as a comparative measure.

Since our inception, our operations have primarily been financed through the issuance of our common stock, redeemable convertible preferred stock, and the incurrence of debt. As of December 31, 2023, we had $1,119,004 in cash and cash equivalents and a working capital deficit of $2,238,430.

The Company expects that its cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2023, will be insufficient to allow the Company to fund its current operating plan through at least the next twelve months from the issuance of these financial statements. These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least one year from the date these financial statements are issued. There can be no assurance that, in the event that the Company requires additional financing, such financing will be available on terms which are favorable to us, or at all.

On October 4, 2023, the Company raised approximately $4.38 million prior to deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses, via a registered underwritten public offering of the Company’s securities. Net proceeds to the Company, after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by the Company, were approximately $3.79 million. Refer to Note 10 for details.

In the event we require additional capital, there can be no assurances that we will be able to raise such capital on acceptable terms, or at all. Failure to generate sufficient revenues or raise additional capital through debt or equity financings, or through collaboration agreements, strategic alliances or marketing and distribution arrangements, could have a material adverse effect on our ability to meet our long-term liquidity needs and achieve our intended long-term business plan. Our failure to obtain such funding when needed could create a negative impact on our stock price or could potentially lead to a reduction in our operations or the failure of our company. Accordingly, these factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern unless it can successfully raise additional capital.

As of December 31, 2023, and June 30, 2023, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.

Extended Transition Period for “Emerging Growth Companies”

We have elected to use the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards under Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act. This election allows us to delay the adoption of new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until those standards apply to private companies. As a result of this election, our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with public company effective dates. Because our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with public company effective dates, investors may have difficulty evaluating or comparing our business, performance or prospects in comparison to other public companies, which may have a negative impact on the value and liquidity of our common stock.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that impact the amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes that are not readily apparent from other sources. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimate is revised, if the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future periods, if the revision affects both current and future periods.

A summary of our significant accounting policies is included in Note 3 “Summary of significant accounting policies” to the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. Certain of our accounting policies are considered critical, as these policies require significant, difficult or complex judgments by management, often requiring the use of estimates about the effects of matters that are inherently uncertain. Our critical policies are summarized in Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023.

Recently issued Accounting Pronouncements

For the impact of recently issued accounting pronouncements on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, see Note 3 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and incorporated herein by reference.

We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and are not required to provide the information otherwise required under this item.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2023. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2023, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were ineffective due to the material weakness in internal control over financial reporting discussed below.

Notwithstanding this conclusion, we believe that our consolidated financial statements and other information contained in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q present fairly, in all material respects, our business, financial condition and results of operations for the periods presented.

In its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, management identified material weaknesses in control environment, risk assessment, control activities, information and communication and monitoring. Specifically, the material weaknesses identified relate to the fact that the Company has not yet designed and maintained an effective control environment commensurate with its financial reporting requirements, including (a) has not yet completed formally documented policies and procedures with respect to review, supervision and monitoring of the Company’s accounting and reporting functions, (b) lack of evidence to support the performance of controls and the adequacy of review procedures, including the completeness and accuracy of information used in the performance of controls and (c) as an emerging growth company we have limited accounting personnel and other supervisory resources necessary to adequately execute the Company’s accounting processes and address its internal controls over financial reporting.

Remediation Plan

Management is committed to continuing the steps necessary to remediate the control deficiencies that constituted the above material weaknesses. Since our initial public offering (“IPO”), which we completed in December 2020, we made the following enhancements to our control environment:

• We added accounting and finance personnel to provide additional individuals to allow for segregation of duties in the preparation and review of schedules, calculations and journal entries that support financial reporting, to provide oversight, structure and reporting lines to provide additional review over our disclosures;
• We enhanced our controls to improve the preparation and review of complex accounting measurements, the application of GAAP to significant accounts and transactions and our financial statement disclosures; and,
• We engage independent experts when complex transactions are entered into;
• We have recruited and plan to recruit additional financial reporting and accounting personnel with adequate knowledge of US GAAP and SEC rules; and
• We are in the process of engaging outside consultants to assist us in our evaluation of the design, implementation and documentation of internal controls that address the relevant risks, to provide appropriate evidence of performance of our internal controls (including completeness and accuracy procedures).

Under the direction of the Audit Committee of our board of directors, management will continue to take measures to remediate the material weaknesses. As such, we will continue to enhance corporate oversight over process-level controls and structures to ensure that there is appropriate assignment of authority, responsibility and accountability to enable remediation of our material weakness.

As we continue to evaluate, and work to improve, our internal control over financial reporting, management may determine that additional measures to address control deficiencies or modifications to the remediation plan are necessary.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Other than the ongoing remediation effort, described above, there have been no changes to the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d 15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Inherent Limitation on the Effectiveness of Internal Controls

A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the internal control system are met. Because of the inherent limitations of any internal control system, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues, if any, within a company have been detected.

As of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, there have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on August 23, 2023, except for risks described below. Any of these risk factors could result in a significant or material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition. Additional risk factors not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our business or results of operations. We may disclose changes to such factors or disclose additional factors from time to time in our future filings with the SEC.

We will need to raise additional capital to fund our operations in the future. If we are unsuccessful in attracting new capital, we may not be able to continue operations or may be forced to sell assets to do so. Alternatively, capital may not be available to us on favorable terms, if at all. If available, financing terms may lead to significant dilution of our stockholders’ equity.

We are not profitable and have had negative cash flow from operations since our inception. To fund our operations to develop and commercialize our products (including the SGT and planned applications of IFP Drug Screening System), we have relied primarily on equity, debt financing and government support income. The Company expects that its cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2023, of $1,119,004, will be insufficient to allow the Company to fund its current operating plan through at least the next twelve months from the issuance of its unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2023. These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least one year from the date of issuance of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. Accordingly, the Company will be required to raise additional funds during the next 12 months. However, there can be no assurance that when the Company requires additional financing, such financing will be available on terms which are favorable to the Company, if at all. If the Company is unable to raise additional funding to meet its working capital needs in the future, it will be forced to delay or reduce the scope of its research programs and/or limit or cease its operations. In addition, the Company may be unable to realize its assets and discharge its liabilities in the normal course of business.

To obtain the additional capital necessary to fund our operations, we expect to finance our cash needs through public or private equity offerings, debt financing and/or other capital sources. Even if capital is available, it might be available only on unfavorable terms. Any additional equity or convertible debt financing into which we enter could be dilutive to our existing stockholders. Any future debt financing into which we enter may impose covenants upon us that restrict our operations, including limitations on our ability to incur liens or additional debt, pay dividends, repurchase our stock, make certain investments and engage in certain merger, consolidation or asset sale transactions. Any debt financing or additional equity that we raise may contain terms that are not favorable to us or our stockholders. If we raise additional funds through collaboration and licensing arrangements with third parties, we may need to relinquish rights to our technologies or our products or grant licenses on terms that are not favorable to us. If access to sufficient capital is not available as and when needed, our business will be materially impaired and we may be required to cease operations, curtail one or more product development or commercialization programs, scale back or eliminate the development of business opportunities, or significantly reduce expenses, sell assets, seek a merger or joint venture partner, file for protection from creditors or liquidate all of our assets. Any of these factors could harm our operating results.

We have identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. If our remediation of the material weaknesses is not effective, or if we experience additional material weaknesses in the future or otherwise fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls in the future, we may not be able to accurately or timely report our financial condition or results of operations, which may adversely affect investor confidence in us and, as a result, the value of our common stock.

In connection with the preparation of our financial statements for the half year ended December 31, 2023, we identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal controls such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

The material weaknesses related to the fact that the Company has not yet designed and maintained an effective control environment commensurate with its financial reporting requirements, including (a) that the Company had not yet completed the formally documented policies and procedures with respect to the review, supervision and monitoring of the Company’s accounting and reporting functions, (b) the lack of evidence to support the performance of controls and the adequacy of review procedures, including the completeness and accuracy of information used in the performance of controls and (c) as an emerging growth company we currently have limited accounting personnel and other supervisory resources necessary to adequately execute the Company’s accounting processes and address its internal controls over financial reporting.

We have implemented and are in the process of implementing measures designed to improve our internal control over financial reporting to remediate these material weaknesses, including the hiring of additional qualified accounting and finance personnel, enhancing our controls to improve the preparation and review of complex accounting measurements and the application of GAAP, and engaging independent experts and outside consultants.

We cannot assure you that the measures we have taken and that we intend to take will be sufficient to remediate the material weaknesses we have identified or avoid potential future material weaknesses. While we believe that our efforts will enhance our internal control, remediation of the material weaknesses will require further validation and testing of the design and operating effectiveness of internal controls over a sustained period of financial reporting cycles, and we cannot assure you that we have identified all, or that we will not in the future have additional, material weaknesses.

The sale of a substantial number of shares of our common stock and other securities convertible into or exercisable for our common stock, such as those securities sold in the October 2023 Offering, could depress the market price of our shares of common stock and impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities.

The sale of a substantial number of shares of our common stock and other securities convertible into or exercisable for our common stock, such as those securities sold in the October 2023 Offering, could depress the market price of our shares of common stock and impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. In addition to causing the market price of our common stock to decline, such sales could also greatly increase the volatility associated with the trading of our common stock. Furthermore, stockholders may initiate securities class action lawsuits if the market price of our common stock drops significantly, which may cause us to incur substantial costs and could divert the time and attention of our management. We cannot predict the number of these shares or warrants that might be sold nor the effect that future sales of our shares of our securities would have on the market price of our shares of common stock. See Note 10, Shareholders’ Equity for further details of the October 2023 Offering.

We may not be able to satisfy the continued listing requirements of the Nasdaq Capital Market in order to maintain the listing of our common stock.

On November 16, 2023 the Company received a letter (the “Notice”) from the Listing Qualifications Department of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”) notifying the Company that the minimum closing bid price per share for its common stock was below $1.00 for 30 consecutive business days preceding the date of the Notice, and that the Company did not meet the $1.00 per share minimum bid price requirement set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2).

The Notice has no immediate effect on the listing or trading of the Company’s common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market.

Pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), the Company had a compliance period of 180 calendar days, or until May 14, 2024 (the “Compliance Period”), to regain compliance with Nasdaq’s minimum bid price requirement.

At our annual meeting of stockholders held on December 13, 2023 (the “Annual Meeting”), the stockholders of the Company approved an amendment to the Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation (the “January Amendment”) to effect the reverse stock split at a ratio of not less than 1-for-2 and not more than l-for-12 at any time within 12 months following the date of stockholder approval, with the exact ratio to be set within this range by the Company’s Board at its sole discretion without further approval or authorization of our stockholders. The primary purpose of the reverse stock split was to increase the per share market price of its common stock.

Pursuant to the authority granted by the Company’s stockholders, the Board approved a l-for-12 reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock and the filing of the January Amendment to effectuate the reverse stock split. The Amendment was filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware and the January 2024 Reverse Stock Split became effective at 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time on January 26, 2024, and the Company’s common stock began trading on a reverse stock split-adjusted basis on The Nasdaq Capital Market on January 29, 2024.

Although the January 2024 Reverse Stock Split brought the price of our common stock back above $1.00 per share in order to meet the requirements for the continued listing of our common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market, there can be no assurance that the closing bid price of our common stock will remain at or above $1.00 following the January 2024 Reverse Stock Split. If we fail to satisfy the Nasdaq’s continued listing requirements, Nasdaq may take steps to delist our common stock, which could have a materially adverse effect on our ability to raise additional funds as well as the price and liquidity of our common stock.

If we are unable to achieve certain agreed milestones for the government grant we received, we may become liable to refund the grant we received. The Company has only completed 4 of the 8 agreed milestones set forth in the Company’s grant agreement with the Australian Government.

As of December 31, 2023, there is uncertainty regarding the potential extension of the grant agreement past its original end date of March 28, 2024. If we are not given an extension beyond the original end date, or if we are unable to achieve the agreed milestones on time, we may become liable to refund the grant we received.

We understand that the External Administrator of LSBD (the Licensor of our SGT and COV2T products), pursuant to a creditors meeting held on July 21, 2023, sent notice to the creditors on July 24, 2023, stating that LSBD has appointed a liquidator on July 21, 2023. Our understanding is that the ownership of the intellectual property rights licensed by us reverts to the University of Newcastle. Accordingly, the Company plans to discuss the future licensing of SGT products with the University of Newcastle. There is an inherent risk related to the possibility of modifications to our rights to, or the Company’s ability to use, the Licensed Products, which could materially and adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition, and operating results.

We are party to the SGT License Agreement with LSBD, pursuant to which, among other things, the Company licenses certain products from LSBD, and has a 50% interest in BiosensX (North America) Inc. which has exclusive license to use, make, sell and offer to sell products under the intellectual property rights in connection with the Biosensor technology and the glucose/diabetes management field in the United States, Mexico and Canada. According to the Australian Securities and Investment Commission’s (ASIC’s), Companies and Organizations Register, on May 10, 2022, LSBD filed a Notice of Appointment of External Administrator, followed by a filing of a Deed of Company Arrangement on the August 2, 2022.

We understand that the External Administrator of LSBD (the Licensor of our SGT and COV2T products), pursuant to a creditors meeting held on July 21, 2023, sent notice to the creditors on July 24, 2023, stating that LSBD has appointed a liquidator on July 21, 2023. Our understanding is that the ownership of the intellectual property rights licensed by us reverts to the University of Newcastle. Accordingly, the Company plans to discuss the future licensing of the SGT products with the University of Newcastle. There is an inherent risk related to the possibility of modifications to our rights to, or the Company’s ability to use, the Licensed Products, which could materially and adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition, and operating results.