Innsuites Hospitality Trust: Form 10-Q for the period ended Apr 30, 2024

GENERAL

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Form 10-Q and our audited consolidated Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2024.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements in this Form 10-Q, including statements containing the phrases “believes,” “intends,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “predicts,” “projects,” “will be,” “should be,” “looking ahead,” “may” or similar words, constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. We intend that such forward-looking statements be subject to the safe harbors created by such Acts. These forward-looking statements include statements regarding our intent, belief or current expectations in respect of (i) the declaration or payment of dividends; (ii) the leasing, management or operation of the Hotels; (iii) the adequacy of reserves for renovation and refurbishment; (iv) our financing plans; (v) our position regarding investments, acquisitions, developments, financings, conflicts of interest and other matters; (vi) expansion of UniGen; (vii) our plans and expectations regarding future sales of hotel properties; and (viii) trends affecting our or any Hotel’s financial condition or results of operations.

These forward-looking statements reflect our current views in respect of future events and financial performance, but are subject to many uncertainties and factors relating to the operations and business environment of the Hotels that may cause our actual results to differ materially from any future results expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Examples of such uncertainties include, but are not limited to:

• Virus Pandemic and its effect on the Travel Industry;
• potential risk of investments, including the investment in UniGen;
• inflation and economic recession;
• terrorist attacks or other acts of war;

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• political instability;
• available cash, supply chain issues, and increased labor costs for diversified clean energy development and production;
• fluctuations in hotel occupancy rates;
• changes in room rental rates that may be charged by InnSuites in response to market changing demand and rental rate changes or otherwise;
• seasonality of our hotel operations business;
• collectability of receivables;
• our ability to sell any of our Hotels at market value, or at all;
• interest rate fluctuations;
• changes in, or reinterpretations of, governmental regulations, including, but not limited to, environmental and other regulations, the Americans with Disability Act, Covid-19 restrictions, and federal income tax laws and regulations;
• competition including supply and demand for hotel rooms and hotel properties;
• availability of credit or other financing;
• our ability to meet present and future debt service obligations;
• our ability to refinance or extend the maturity of indebtedness at, prior to, or after the time it matures;
• any changes in our financial condition or operating results due to acquisitions or dispositions of hotel properties;
• insufficient resources to pursue our current strategy;
• concentration of our investments in the InnSuites ® brand;
• loss of membership contracts;
• the financial condition of franchises, brand membership companies, travel related companies, and receivables from travel related companies;
• ability to develop and maintain positive relations with “Best Western” and potential future franchises or brands;
• real estate and hospitality market conditions;
• hospitality industry factors;
• our ability to carry out our strategy, including our strategy regarding diversification and investments;

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• the Trust’s ability to remain listed on the NYSE American;
• effectiveness and security of the Trust’s software program;
• the need to periodically repair and renovate our Hotels at a cost at or in excess of our standard 4% reserve;
• tariffs and health travel restrictions may affect trade and travel;
• our ability to cost effectively integrate any acquisitions with the Trust in a timely manner;
• increases in the cost and availability of labor, energy, healthcare, insurance and other operating expenses as a result of inflation, or changed or increased regulation, or otherwise;
• presence of drugs or outbreaks of communicable diseases attributed to our hotels or impacting the hotel industry in general;
• natural disasters, including adverse climate changes in the areas where we have or serve hotels;
• airline strikes;
• transportation and fuel price increases;
• adequacy of property and liability insurance coverage including liability coverage, and increases in cost for property, liability, and health care coverage for employees and potential government regulation with respect to health care coverage;
• data breaches or cybersecurity attacks, including breaches impacting the integrity and security of employee and guest data; and
• loss of key personnel and uncertainties in the interpretation and application of tax laws and other legislation.

We do not undertake any obligation to update publicly or revise any forward-looking statements whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise except as may be required by law. Pursuant to Section 21E(b)(2)(E) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the qualifications set forth hereinabove are inapplicable to any forward-looking statements in this Form 10-K relating to the operations of the Partnership.

OVERVIEW

We are engaged in the ownership and operation of hotel properties. On April 30, 2024, the Trust had two moderate-service hotels, one in Tucson, Arizona and one in Albuquerque, New Mexico with 270 hotel suites. Both of our Trust Hotels are branded through membership agreements with Best Western, and both are also trademarked as InnSuites Hotels and Suites. We are also involved in various operations incidental to the operation of hotels, such as the operation of a limited service restaurant, and bar, as well as meeting/banquet room rentals.

At April 30, 2024, we owned a direct 21.90% interest in the Albuquerque, New Mexico Hotel, and, together with the Partnership, owned an indirect 51.62% interest in the Tucson, Arizona Hotel.

Trust operations consist of one reportable segment – Hotel Ownership & Hotel Management Services. Hotel Ownership Operations derives its revenue from the operation of the Trust’s two hotel properties with an aggregate of 270 hotel suites in Arizona and New Mexico. Hotel management services, provides management services for the Trust’s two Hotels. As part of our management services, we also provide trademark and licensing services.

Our results are significantly affected by the overall economy and travel, occupancy and room rates at the Hotels, our ability to manage costs, changes in room rates, and changes in the number of available suites caused by the Trust’s disposition activities. Results are also significantly impacted by overall economic conditions and conditions in the travel industry. Unfavorable changes in these factors, such as the virus-related travel slowdown in the Fiscal Year starting February 1, 2020, can and have negatively impacted hotel room demand and pricing, which reduces our profit margins. Additionally, our ability to manage costs could be adversely impacted by significant inflationary increases in operating expenses, resulting in lower operating margins, and higher hourly labor costs. Further increases in area hotel supply, hourly labor cost, declines in demand, or declines in room rates, could result in increased competition, which could have an adverse effect on the rates, revenue, costs, and profits of the Hotels in their respective markets.

Over time, we expect our high risk but also high profit potential UniGen diversification efficient clean energy generation investment, to grow and provide a substantial source of income in the future.

We expect the current Fiscal Year 2025 to be continued growth of the travel industry, stable high level Hotel occupancy, continued recovery and increases of room rates, as well as continuation of current cost control all leading to improved profitability of our hotels. We believe that we have positioned the Hotels to remain competitive through our now fully completed Tucson and Albuquerque hotel refurbishments, by offering fully refurbished studios and two-room suites at each location, and by maintaining complementary guest items, including complimentary hot breakfast and free Internet access.

Our strategic plan is to continue to obtain the full benefit of our real estate equity, by ultimately obtaining full market value for our two Hotels at market value, which is believed by management to be substantially higher than lower book values, over the next 12-36 months. In addition, the Trust is seeking a larger private reverse merger partner that may benefit from a merger that would afford that partner access to our listing on the NYSE AMERICAN.

In the process of reviewing merger opportunities, the Trust identified in December 2019, and invested $1 million in UniGen Power, Inc. (“UniGen”), an innovative efficient clean energy power generation company. The Trust has invested $1 million in debentures convertible into 1 million shares of UniGen Power Inc., the Trust has invested in 575,000 UniGen shares, and in addition has acquired warrants to purchase approximately an additional up to 2 million UniGen shares over the next approximately three years, which could result in up to 20% or more ownership in UniGen. For more information on our strategic plan, including information on our progress in disposing of our hotel properties and expanding energy diversification, see “Future Positioning” in this Management Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

HOTEL OPERATIONS

Our expenses consist primarily of property taxes, insurance, corporate overhead, interest on mortgage debt, professional fees, non-cash depreciation of the Hotels and hotel operating expenses. Hotel operating expenses consist primarily of payroll, guest and maintenance supplies, marketing, and utilities expenses. Management believes that a review of the historical performance of the operations of the Hotels, particularly with respect to Occupancy, which is calculated as rooms sold divided by total rooms available, average daily rate (“ADR”), calculated as total room revenue divided by number of rooms sold, and revenue per available room (“REVPAR”), calculated as total room revenue divided by number of rooms available, is appropriate for understanding revenue from the Hotels.

The following tables show historical financial and other information for the periods indicated:

No assurance can be given that occupancy, ADR and/or REVPAR will not increase or decrease as a result of changes in national or local economic or hospitality industry conditions.

We enter transactions with certain related parties from time to time. For information relating to such related party transactions see the following:

• For a discussion of management and licensing agreements with certain related parties, see Note 2 to our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – “Summary of Significant Policies – Revenue Recognition – Hotel Operations”
• For a discussion of guarantees of our mortgage notes payable by certain related parties, see Note 6 to our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – “Mortgage Notes Payable.”
• For a discussion of our equity sales and restructuring agreements involving certain related parties, see Note 3 to our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – “Sale of Ownership Interests in Subsidiaries”.
• For a discussion of other related party transactions, see Note 11 to our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – “Related Party Transactions.”

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS FOR THE FISCAL TWELVE MONTH TRAILING ENDED APRIL 30, 2024 COMPARED TO THE FISCAL TWELVE MONTH TRAILING ENDED APRIL 30, 2023.

A summary of total operating results of the Trust for the twelve month trailing periods ended April 30, 2024 and 2023 is as follows:

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS FOR THE FISCAL THREE MONTHS ENDED APRIL 30, 2024 COMPARED TO THE FISCAL THREE MONTHS ENDED APRIL 30, 2023

A summary of total operating results of the Trust for the three months ended April 30, 2024 and 2023 is as follows:

Trust operations consist of one reportable segment – Hotel Ownership & Hotel Management Services. Hotel Ownership Operations derives its revenue from the operation of the Trust’s two hotel properties with an aggregate of 270 hotel suites in Arizona and New Mexico. Hotel management services, provides management services for the Trust’s two Hotels. As part of our management services, we also provide trademark and licensing services.

The Trust has chosen to focus its hotel investments on the southwest region of the United States. The Trust does not review assets by geographical region; therefore, no income statement or balance sheet information by geographical region is provided.

REVENUE:

For the First Fiscal Quarter three months ended April 30, 2024, we had total revenue of approximately $2.29 million compared to approximately $2.21 million for the three months ended April 30, 2023, an increase of approximately $0.08 million. In the prior fiscal years ended January 31, 2024, 2020 and 2019, we made significant improvements to our Albuquerque, New Mexico and Tucson, Arizona hotels. During the three months ended April 30, 2024, we had an increase in total revenue resulting from the recovery of demand, and benefitting from prior refurbishments.

Total Consolidated Net Income for the three months ended April 30, 2024 was approximately $87,000 which is an increase of approximately $379,000 compared to the same prior Fiscal Quarter for the same period of approximately $465,000. Earnings Per Share based on this Consolidated Net Income amount were $0.01, down $0.04 from the prior year of $0.05. Loss Per Share based on net loss attributable to Controlling Interest was $0.02, down from the prior year similar three month period of $0.03.

Total Trust Equity decreased to $2,563,397 at the end of Fiscal First Quarter 2024, down approximately $1.4 million, from the $4,017,911 reported at the end of the prior Fiscal First Quarter 2023. Net Income before non-cash depreciation expense was $24,492 for the Fiscal First Quarter ended April 30, 2024, compared to $404,786 for the Fiscal First Quarter ended April 30, 2023, which is a decrease of approximately $380,000.

We realized a 3% increase in room revenues during the three months ended April 30, 2024 as room revenues were approximately $2.24 million for the three months ending April 30, 2023 as compared to approximately $2.18 million for the three months ending April 30, 2022. Due to increased demand as the hospitality and travel industry recovers, food and beverage revenue increased 29% to approximately $23,000 for the three months ending April 30, 2024 as compared to approximately $18,000 during the three months ending April 30, 2023, an increase of approximately $5,000. During Fiscal Year 2025, we expect additional modest improvements in occupancy, modest improvements in rates and steady food and beverage revenues.

EXPENSES:

Total expenses net of interest expense was approximately $2.1 million for the three months ended April 30, 2024 reflecting an increase of approximately $0.1 million, or 5%, compared to total expenses net of interest expense of approximately $2.0 million for the three months ended April 30, 2023.

Room expenses consisting of salaries and related employment taxes for property management, front office, housekeeping personnel, reservation fees and room supplies were approximately $665,000 for the three months ended April 30, 2024 compared to approximately $630,000 in the prior year three month period for an increase of approximately $35,000, or 5%. Room expenses increased as occupancy at the hotels increased, and increased expenses were incurred with the increased occupancy.

Food and beverage expenses included food and beverage costs, personnel and miscellaneous costs to provide banquet events. For the three months ended April 30, 2024, food and beverage expenses remained relatively flat at $28,000 for the three months ended April 30, 2024, compared to approximately $30,000 for the three months ended April 30, 2023. There were several cost savings initiatives to offset rising food and beverage purchasing costs.

General and administrative expenses include overhead charges for management, accounting, shareholder and legal services. General and administrative expenses of approximately $606,000 for the three months ended April 30, 2024, decreased approximately $14,000 from approximately $620,000 for the three months ended April 30, 2023 primarily due to cost savings efforts in corporate overhead costs.

Sales and marketing expense increased approximately $18,000, or 19%, to approximately $116,000 for the three months ended April 30, 2024 from approximately $97,000 for the three months ended April 30, 2023. Increased focus on sales and marketing due to the rebound in hotel occupancy drove the increase.

Repairs and maintenance expense decreased by approximately $10,000, or 9%, from approximately $116,000 reported for the three months ended April 30, 2023 compared to approximately $106,000 for the three months ended April 30, 2024. Having completed the property improvements at our Tucson, Arizona hotel Management anticipates the improvements which complies with the increasing Best Western standards, will (after the adverse effects of travel restrictions and slowdown), lead to improvement in guest satisfaction and will drive additional revenue growth through increased occupancy and increased rates.

Hospitality expenses, which includes the cost associated with our complimentary hot breakfast, increased by approximately $16,000, or 12%, from $139,000 for the three months ended April 30, 2023 to approximately $155,000 for the three months ended April 30, 2024. The increase was primarily due to COVID-19 regulations minimizing and once again increasing food service availability, expanding our complimentary breakfast and social hour offerings.

Utility expenses decreased approximately $1,000, or 2%, to approximately $99,000 reported for the three months ended April 30, 2023 compared with approximately $98,000 for the three months ended April 30, 2024.

Hotel property non-cash depreciation expenses increased by approximately $5,000 from approximately $168,000 reported for the three months ended April 30, 2023 compared to approximately $173,000 for the three months ended April 30, 2024.

Real estate and personal property taxes, Insurance and Ground Rent expenses increased approximately $48,000, or 42%, to approximately $173,000 reported for the three months ended April 30, 2024 compared with approximately $163,000 for the three months ended April 30, 2023. Increased real estate and property taxes, insurance and ground rent expense resulted from changes in insurance policies, along with decreased personal property valuations.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Overview – Hotel Operations & Corporate Overhead

Two principal sources of cash to meet our cash requirements, include monthly management fees from our two hotels and distributions of our share of the Partnership’s cash flow of the Tucson hotel and quarterly distributions from the Albuquerque, New Mexico properties. Additional sources of cash include intercompany loan repayments, potential future real estate hotel sales, and potential returns on diversified investments. The Partnership’s principal source of revenue is hotel operations for the hotel property it owns in Tucson, Arizona. Our liquidity, including our ability to make distributions to our shareholders, will depend upon our ability, and the Partnership’s ability, to generate sufficient cash flow from hotel operations, from management fees, and from the potential sale and/or refinance of the hotel, and to service our debt including repayment of intercompany loan from Tucson.

Hotel operations were positively affected by improved occupancy and substantially increased room rates at the Hotels in the Fiscal Year 2024, and the First Fiscal Quarter of Fiscal 2025, ended April 30, 2024, as the travel industry continued to rebound.

With approximately $0.4 million of cash as of April 30, 2024 and the availability of three $250,000 bank lines of credit, and $2,000,000 available from the $2,000,000 related party Demand/Revolving Line of Credit/Promissory Note, and the availability of Advances to Affiliate credit facilities and available Bank line of Credit, we believe that we will have enough cash on hand to meet all of our financial obligations as they become due for at least the next twelve months from the issuance date of the these consolidated financial statements. Our management is analyzing other strategic options available to us, including raising additional funds, asset sales, and benefitting from clean energy investment cash flow as our diversification investment matures. However, such transactions may not be available on terms that are favorable to us, or at all.

IHT and InnDependent Boutique Collections Hotels (IBC), previously agreed to extend the payment schedule on IBC’s note receivable to allow IBC to fully use its available cash and/or revenues to rebuild market share as the hotel industry rebounds. Management believes that with an additional extension repayment term, that the future collectability of the current carrying value of the note is probable and not subject to further impairment, or allowance for the Quarter ended April 30, 2024.

There can be no assurance that we will be successful fully collecting receivables, in refinancing debt, or raising additional or replacement funds, or that these funds may be available on terms that are favorable to us. If we are unable to raise additional or replacement funds, we may be required to sell certain of our assets to meet our liquidity needs, which may not be on terms that are favorable.

We anticipate strong leisure travel demand, and limited additional new-build hotel supply in our markets during the current Fiscal Year 2025, and accordingly we anticipate a continued increase of revenues and operating margins. We expect challenges for the remaining Fiscal Year to be the economy, inflation, and cost control. Travel, leisure, corporate, group, and government business continued to grow and may further increase room rates while maintaining and/or building market share in Fiscal Year 2025.

Cash used in operating activities from continuing operations totaled approximately $459,000 during the three months ended April 30, 2024 as compared to net cash provided of approximately $37,000 during the three months ended April 30, 2023. Consolidated net income was approximately $87,000 for the three months ended April 30, 2024 as compared to consolidated net income for the three months ended April 30, 2023 of approximately $465,000. Explanation of the differences between these fiscal years are explained above in the results of operations of the Trust.

Changes in the adjustments to reconcile net income for the three months ended April 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, consist primarily of operating lease costs, stock-based compensation, hotel property depreciation, and changes in assets and liabilities. Hotel property depreciation was approximately $173,000 during the three months ended April 30, 2024 compared to approximately $168,000 during the three months ended April 30, 2023, an inrease of $5,000 as the Trust recognized less depreciation as capitalized fixed assets became fully depreciated.

Changes in assets and liabilities for accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other assets and accounts payable and accrued expenses totaled approximately $719,000 and $265,000 for the three months ended April 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. This significant decrease in changes in assets and liabilities for the three months ended April 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended April 30, 2023 was due to the decrease in operating liabilities related to ongoing operations.

Net cash used in investing activities totaled approximately $186,000 for the three months ended April 30, 2024 compared to net cash used in investing activities of approximately $123,000 for the three months ended April 30, 2023. The decrease in net cash used in activities during the three months ended April 30, 2024 was due primarily due to capital improvements in the hotels.

Net cash used in financing activities totaled approximately ($243,000) and ($321,000), respectively, for the three months ended April 30, 2024 and 2023. The decrease of approximately $78,000 was primarily due to repayments on the Rare Earth Note Payable – Related Party, and Other Notes Payable.

Principal payments on mortgage notes payable for continuing operations was approximately $65,000 and $44,000 during the three months ended April 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Net payments and borrowings on other notes payable was approximately $0 and approximately ($100,000) during the three months ended April 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Payments on notes payable–related party, was approximately $0 and ($27,000) of cash used in financing activities during the three months ended April 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

We had purchases of our IHT stock for cash for the three months ended April 30, 2024 of $25,493 and April 30, 2023 of $0.

During the three months ended April 30, 2024, our distributions to non-controlling interest holders was approximately $153,000 compared with approximately $149,000 for the three months ended April 30, 2023. We anticipate a reduction in distributions to non-controlling interest holders for the balance of the current Fiscal Year 2025.

We continue to contribute to a Capital Expenditures Fund (the “Fund”) an amount equal to 4% of our Tucson InnSuites Hotel revenues from operation of the Hotel. The Fund is restricted by the mortgage lender for our Tucson property. As of April 30, 2024, and 2023, there were no monies held in these accounts reported on our unaudited condensed consolidated Balance Sheet as “Restricted Cash.” The Fund is intended to be used for capital improvements to the Hotels and refurbishment and replacement of furniture, fixtures and equipment. During the three months ended April 30, 2024 and 2023, the Hotel spent approximately $151,000 and $108,000 respectively, for capital expenditures. The capital expenditures were primarily associated with the property improvements at the Hotel, as required to meet continuing Best Western standards. We consider most of these improvements to be revenue producing. Therefore, these amounts are capitalized and depreciated over their estimated useful lives. For the remaining Fiscal Year 2024 capital expenditures, we plan on spending less on capital improvements as we have completed our property improvements at our Tucson, Arizona hotel and our Albuquerque hotel, both of which required significant amounts of capital improvements in prior periods. Repairs and maintenance were charged to expense as incurred and approximated $106,000 and $116,000 for the three months ended April 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

We have minimum debt payments, net of debt discounts, of approximately $646,000 and approximately $248,000 due during Fiscal Years 2025 and 2026, respectively. Minimum debt payments due during Fiscal Year 2025 and 2026 include approximately $176,000 and $248,000 of mortgage notes payable, and approximately $470,000 of other notes payable, which are secured promissory notes outstanding to unrelated third parties.

We may seek to negotiate additional credit facilities or issue debt instruments. Any debt incurred or issued by us may be secured or unsecured, long-term, medium-term, or short-term, bear interest at a fixed or variable rate and be subject to such other terms as we consider prudent.

COMPETITION IN THE HOTEL INDUSTRY

The hotel industry is highly competitive. Both the Tucson and Albuquerque hotels experienced record high Gross Operating Profit (GOP Profits), in Fiscal Year 2024 (February 1, 2023 to January 31, 2024), substantially higher than both Covid and Pre-Covid GOP Profits. This gross operating profit is growing even more due to stringent cost control measures. The drastic impact of COVID-19 to the world economy and hospitality industry resulted in severely reduced occupancy and significant reduction in room rates, both of which have now fully recovered. Continued competition in corporate, leisure, group, and government business in the markets in which we operate, may affect our ability to maintain room rates and maintain market share. Each of the Hotels faces competition primarily from other mid-market hotels located in its immediate vicinity, but also competes with hotel properties located in other geographic markets, and increasingly from alternative lodging facilities, such as Airbnb. While none of the Hotels’ competitors dominate any of their geographic markets, some of those competitors may have greater marketing and/or financial resources than the Trust.

Certain hotel property refurbishments have been completed by competitors in both Hotels’ markets, and additional hotel property developments may be built in the future. Such hotel developments could have an adverse effect on the revenue of our Hotels in their respective markets.

The Trust’s hotel investments are located in Arizona and New Mexico. With the completed renovations meeting Best Western standards at our Tucson, Arizona and Albuquerque, New Mexico hotel properties, those hotels are expected to see incremental demand during the next 18 months. Supply has been relatively steady in those respective markets. Either an increase in supply or a decline in demand could result in increased competition, which could have an adverse effect on occupancy, room rates and revenues of our Hotels in their respective markets. The continued recovery has and is benefiting our hotels in the First Fiscal Quarter of 2025, (February 1, 2024 to April 30, 2024). This improvement and continued upward trend is expected to continue for the balance of Fiscal Year 2025, through January 31, 2025.

The Trust may not invest further in hotels, but rather diversify into investments such as the investment made by the Trust in December 2019 in the innovative UniGen Power, Inc. (UniGen), efficient clean energy power generation company. The Trust may continue to seek further diversification through a merger or reverse merger with a larger non-public entity seeking an NYSE-American public stock market listing.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

As a partial balance to the current hotel industry, the Trust looks to benefit from, and expand, its UniGen clean energy operation diversification investments in the years ahead. See Note 2 of the unaudited consolidated financial statements for discussion on UniGen.

In our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the Fiscal Year ended January 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on April 8, 2024, we identified the critical accounting policies that affect our more significant estimates and assumptions used in preparing our condensed consolidated financial statements. We believe that the policies we follow for the valuation of our Hotel properties, which constitute most of our assets, are our most critical policies which has not changed in the period ended April 30, 2024. Those policies include methods used to recognize and measure any identified impairment of our Hotel property assets.

Asset Impairment

We believe that the policies we follow for the valuation of our hotel properties, which constitute most of our assets, are our most critical policies. The Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) has issued authoritative guidance related to the impairment or disposal of long-lived assets, codified in ASC Topic 360-10-35, which we apply to determine when it is necessary to test an asset for recoverability. On an events and circumstances basis, we review the carrying value of our hotel properties. We will record an impairment loss and reduce the carrying value of a property when anticipated undiscounted future cash flows and the current market value of the property do not support it carrying value. In cases where we do not expect to recover the carrying cost of hotel properties held for use, we will reduce the carrying value to the fair value of the hotel, as determined by a current appraisal or other acceptable valuation methods. We did not recognize a hotel properties impairment loss for the three months ended April 30, 2024 or 2023. As of April 30, 2024, our management does not believe that the carrying values of any of our hotel properties are impaired.

Sale of Hotel Assets

Management believes that our currently owned Hotels are valued at prices that are reasonable in relation to their current fair market value. At this time, the Trust is unable to predict when, and if, either of its Hotel properties will be sold. The Trust seeks to sell both hotels over the next 12-36 months. We believe that each of the assets is available at a price that is reasonable in relation to its current fair market value. The plan is to work to sell the remaining two hotel properties over the next 12-36 months, and if needed beyond.

Revenue Recognition

Revenues are primarily derived from the sources below and are recognized as services are rendered and when collectability is reasonably assured. Amounts received in advance of revenue recognition are considered deferred liabilities and are generally not significant.

Revenues primarily consist of room rentals, food and beverage sales, management and trademark fees and other miscellaneous revenues from our properties. Revenues are recorded when rooms are occupied and when food and beverage sales are delivered.

Each room night consumed by a guest with a cancelable reservation represents a contract whereby the Trust has a performance obligation to provide the room night at an agreed upon price. For cancellable reservations, the Trust recognizes revenue as each performance obligation (i.e., each room night) is met. Such contract is renewed if the guest continues their stay. For room nights consumed by a guest with a non-cancellable reservation, the entire reservation period represents the contract term whereby the Trust has a performance obligation to provide the room night or nights at an agreed upon price. For non-cancellable reservations, the Trust recognizes revenue over the term of the performance period (i.e., the reservation period) as room nights are consumed. For these reservations, the room rate is typically fixed over the reservation period. The Trust uses an output method based on performance completed to date (i.e., room nights consumed) to determine the amount of revenue it recognizes on a daily basis if the length of a non-cancellable reservation exceeds one night since consumption of room nights indicates when services are transferred to the guest. In certain instances, variable consideration may exist with respect to the transaction price, such as discounts, coupons and price concessions made upon guest checkout.

In evaluating its performance obligation, the Trust bundles the obligation to provide the guest the room itself with other obligations (such as free Wi-Fi, grab and go or hot breakfast, access to on-site laundry facilities and parking), as the other obligations are not distinct and separable because the guest cannot benefit from the additional amenities without the consumed room night. The Trust’s obligation to provide the additional items or services is not separately identifiable from the fundamental contractual obligation (i.e., providing the room and its contents). The Trust has no performance obligations once a guest’s stay is complete.

We are required to collect certain taxes and fees from customers on behalf of government agencies and remit these back to the applicable governmental agencies on a periodic basis. We have a legal obligation to act as a collection agent. We do not retain these taxes and fees and, therefore, they are not included in revenues. We record a liability when the amounts are collected and relieve the liability when payments are made to the applicable taxing authority or other appropriate governmental agency.

COMPLIANCE WITH CONTINUED LISTING STANDARDS OF NYSE AMERICAN

The Trust’s Management received communication from the NYSE-American on August 29, 2022, indicating IHT is fully compliant with all of the Continued Listing Standards Equity Requirements set forth in Part 10 of the NYSE American Company Guide, of the NYSE-American.

NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

The following non-GAAP presentations of earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (“EBITDA”) and funds from operations (“FFO”) are made to assist our investors in evaluating our operating performance.

Adjusted EBITDA is defined as earnings before interest expense, amortization of loan costs, interest income, income taxes, depreciation and amortization, and non-controlling interests in the Trust. We present Adjusted EBITDA because we believe these measurements (a) more accurately reflect the ongoing performance of our hotel real estate assets and other investments, (b) provide more useful information to investors as indicators of our ability to meet our future debt payments and working capital requirements, and (c) provide an overall evaluation of our financial condition. Adjusted EBITDA as calculated by us may not be comparable to Adjusted EBITDA reported by other companies that do not define Adjusted EBITDA exactly as we define the term. Adjusted EBITDA does not represent cash generated from operating activities determined in accordance with GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to (a) GAAP net income or loss as an indication of our financial performance or (b) GAAP cash flows from operating activities as a measure of our liquidity.

A reconciliation of net income (loss) attributable to controlling interests to Adjusted EBITDA for the three and three months ended April 30, 2024 and 2023 is approximately as follows:

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FFO is calculated on the basis defined by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“NAREIT”), which is net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders, computed in accordance with GAAP, excluding gains or losses on sales of properties, asset impairment adjustments, and extraordinary items as defined by GAAP, plus non-cash depreciation and amortization of real estate assets, and after adjustments for unconsolidated joint ventures and non-controlling interests in the operating partnership. NAREIT developed FFO as a relative measure of performance of an equity REIT to recognize that income-producing real estate historically has not depreciated on the basis determined by GAAP. The Trust is an unincorporated Ohio business investment, (real estate investment trust); however, the Trust is not a real estate investment trust for federal taxation purposes. Management uses this measurement to compare itself to REITs with similar depreciable assets. We consider FFO to be an appropriate measure of our ongoing normalized operating performance. We compute FFO in accordance with our interpretation of standards established by NAREIT, which may not be comparable to FFO reported by other companies that either do not define the term in accordance with the current NAREIT definition or interpret the NAREIT definition differently than us. FFO does not represent cash generated from operating activities as determined by GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to (a) GAAP net income or loss as an indication of our financial performance or (b) GAAP cash flows from operating activities as a measure of our liquidity, nor is it indicative of funds available to satisfy our cash needs, including our ability to make cash distributions. However, to facilitate a clear understanding of our historical operating results, we believe that FFO should be considered along with our net income or loss and cash flows reported in the consolidated financial statements.

An approximate reconciliation of net income (loss) attributable to controlling interests to FFO for the three and three months ended April 30, 2024 and 2023:

FUTURE POSITIONING

In viewing the hotel industry cycles, including the recent disruption of travel and hospitality, the Board of Trustees determined that it was appropriate to continue to actively seek buyers for our two remaining Hotel properties. We continue to make our Tucson Hotel and Albuquerque Hotel available for sale at market value, on the website www.suitehotelsrealty.com (http://www.suitehotelsrealty.com).

The table below provides book values, mortgage balances and Estimated Market Asking Price for the Hotels.

The “Estimated Market Asking Price” is the amount at which we believe we may be able to sell each of the Hotels and is adjusted to reflect hotel sales in the Hotels’ areas of operation and projected upcoming 12 month earnings of each of the Hotels. The Estimated Market Asking Price is not based on appraisals of the properties.

We have from time to time listed hotel properties with a long time highly successful local real estate hotel broker who has successfully sold four of our hotel properties. We believe that each of the assets, the Tucson and Albuquerque hotels, have an estimated market asking price that is reasonable in relation to its current fair market value. We plan to sell our remaining two Hotel properties within 12-36 months. We can provide no assurance that we will be able to sell either or both of the Hotel properties on terms favorable to us or within our expected time frame, or at all.

Although believed feasible, we may be unable to realize the asking price for the individual Hotel properties or to sell and/or refinance one or both. However, we believe that the asking price values are reasonable based on current strong local market conditions, comparable sales, and anticipated continued upturns in occupancy, rates, and profits per hotel. Changes in market conditions have in part resulted, and may in the future result, in our changing one or all of the asking prices.

Our long-term strategic plan is to obtain the full benefit of our real estate equity, to benefit from our UniGen Power, Inc., (UniGen) clean energy operation diversified investment, and to pursue a merger with another company, likely a private larger entity that seeks to go public to list on the NYSE AMERICAN Exchange.

SHARE REPURCHASE PROGRAM

For information on the Trust’s Share Repurchase Program, see Part II, Item 5. “Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.” of our most recent 10-K Annual Report filed on April 8, 2024. The stock and unit Repurchase Program was highly successful during Fiscal Year 2024 (February 1, 2023 to January 31, 2024). We plan to continue the stock and unit buy backs in the current Fiscal Year 2025.

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

We do not have any off-balance sheet financing arrangements or liabilities. We do not have any majority-owned or controlled subsidiaries that are not included in our consolidated financial statements.

SEASONALITY

The Hotels’ operations historically have been somewhat seasonal. The Tucson Arizona Hotel historically experiences the highest occupancy in the first Fiscal Quarter (the winter high season) and, to a lesser extent, the fourth Fiscal Quarter. The second Fiscal Quarter (summer low season) historically tends to be the lowest occupancy period at this Arizona Hotel. This seasonality pattern can be expected to cause fluctuations in the Trust’s quarterly revenues. The Hotel located in Albuquerque, New Mexico historically experiences its most profitable periods during the second and third Fiscal Quarters (the summer high season), providing some balance to the general seasonality of the Trust’s hotel business.

The seasonal nature of the Trust’s business increases its vulnerability to risks such as travel disruptions, labor force shortages and cash flow issues. Further, if an adverse event such as an actual or threatened virus pandemic, terrorist attack, international conflict, data breach, regional economic downturn or poor weather should occur at either of its two hotels, the adverse impact to the Trust’s revenues and profit could be significant.

INFLATION

We rely entirely on the performance of the Hotels and InnSuites ability to increase revenue to keep pace with inflation. Operators of hotels in general, and InnSuites in particular, can change and do change room rates often and quickly, but competitive pressures may limit InnSuites ability to raise rates as fast as or faster than inflation. During Fiscal Year 2024, ended January 31, 2024, InnSuites did experience substantial increases in rates to offset the inflationary increase labor and other expenses. During the current Fiscal 2025, rates continue to increase although at a slower pace than the prior Fiscal Year.

INVESTMENT IN UNIGEN POWER, INC.

On December 16, 2019, the Trust entered into a Convertible Debenture Purchase Agreement with UniGen Power Inc. (“UniGen”). InnSuites Hospitality Trust (IHT) made an initial $1 million diversification investment in late Fiscal Year 2020 and early Fiscal Year 2021. UniGen is in the process of developing a patented high profit potential new efficient clean energy generation innovation. The initial investment was made December 16, 2019, with positive progress to date despite the virus, economic setbacks, international vendor travel disruptions, cost overruns, and delays. The investment includes convertible bonds, stocks, and warrants to purchase UniGen stock upon election of the Trust. The investment is valued at fair value (level 3), as defined in Note 2 of the Consolidated Financial Statements. There is no Investment Commitment to UniGen requiring any restriction of cash.

The Trust purchased secured convertible debentures (“Debentures”) in the aggregate amount of $1,000,000 (the “Loan Amount”) (the “Loan”) at an annual interest rate of 6% ($15,000 per quarter). The Debentures are convertible into 1,000,000 Class A shares of UniGen Common Stock at an initial conversion rate of $1.00 per share.

The Trust has purchased in addition approximately 575,000 shares of UniGen stock.

UniGen issued the Trust common stock purchase warrants (the “Debenture Warrants”) including to purchase up to 1,000,000 shares of Class A Common Stock. The Debenture Warrants are exercisable at an exercise price of $1.00 per share of Class A Common Stock.

UniGen, also, issued the Trust additional common stock purchase warrants (“Additional Warrants”) to purchase up to 500,000 shares of Class A Common Stock. The Additional Warrants are exercisable at an exercise price of $2.25 per share of Class A Common Stock.

UniGen has agreed to allow IHT to fund a $500,000 line of credit at the option of IHT convertible into 500,000 shares of UniGen stock at $1 per share. Currently, there is no outstanding balance at this time.

The total of all stock ownership upon conversion of the debenture and exercise of warrants could total up to 3 million UniGen shares, which could amount to approximately up to 20% or more of fully diluted UniGen equity.

On the Trust’s balance sheet, the investment of the $1,668,750 consists of approximately $700,000 in note receivables, approximately $300,000 as the fair value of the warrants issued with the Trust’s investment in UniGen, and $668,750 of UniGen Common Stock (575,000 shares), at cost. The value of the premium related to the fair value of the warrant will accrete over the life of the debentures.

Privately held UniGen Power, Inc. (UniGen) is developing a patented high profit potential new efficient clean energy generation innovation. The investment is valued at fair value (level 3), as defined in Note 2 of the Consolidated Financial Statements. There is no Investment Commitment to UniGen requiring any restriction of cash.

Engineering work is largely complete on the prototype and has been placed on hold, while UniGen concentrates on its current round of capital raising. IHT may or may not participate in the upcoming round of capital raising including through the exercise of existing warrants, or purchase of additional convertible debentures.

UniGen is a high risk investment offering high potential investment return if and when successful.

Based on a 96 core “super computer “ simulated test together with advanced software, UniGen has confirmed that the UPI 1000TA engine with the addition of recent potential technological advancements, is approximately 33% more fuel efficient than first estimated and will emit only approximately 25% of the maximum admissions allowed by CARB, the strictest of the regulatory standards issued by the state of California. Recent projections of demand for electricity including electric vehicles and artificial intelligence indicates the market demand for electricity over the next five years in the U.S. may double.

The UniGen design is to produce generators fueled not only with abundant relatively clean natural gas but also with other even cleaner fuels such as ethanol and hydrogen (that emits only water).

James Wirth (IHT President) and Marc Berg (IHT Executive Vice President) both lack significant UniGen control. They have two of the seven UniGen Board of Directors seats or 28% and were elected in December 2019 to serve on the board of UniGen to monitor and assist in the success of this potentially power industry disruptive relatively clean energy generation innovation.

The Trust has valued UniGen investment as a level 3 fair value measurement, for the following reasons: The investment does not qualify for level 1 since there are no identical actively traded instruments or level 2 identical or similar unobservable markets.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of the end of the period covered by this report, we conducted an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the company in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer (CEO), and our Chief Financial Officer (CFO), concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were fully effective as of April 30, 2024.

Our management, including our CEO and CFO, do not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal controls will prevent all error or fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Due to the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been detected.

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting and for the assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of the Trust’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer and effected by the Trust’s Board of Trustees, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Assessment of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of January 31, 2024. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013). Based on management’s assessment, management concluded our internal control over financial reporting was fully effective as of April 30, 2024.

Management’s Remediation Initiatives

In an effort to remediate past deficiencies and enhance the Trust’s internal control over financial reporting, the Trust previously increased its technical accounting expertise through an increasingly seasoned Chief Financial Officer, and in Fiscal Years 2023/2024 promoting its Corporate Controller, and employing two full-time Senior Staff Accountants to assist with the Trust’s technical accounting and internal control issues. The CFO has extensive public company reporting experience, to further assist with the Trust’s technical accounting and internal controls.

We have taken several appropriate and reasonable additional steps, as outlined above, to make the necessary improvements to our Accounting staff and internal control over financial reporting, which resulted in management providing the support previously needed with the additional hiring and training of sufficient personnel with appropriate training and expertise in accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. This additional staffing and training has allowed us to make the necessary improvements, including:

• Continuing to improve the control environment through (i) being staffed with sufficient number of personnel to address segregation of duties issues, ineffective controls and to perform control monitoring activities, (ii) increasing the level of GAAP knowledge by retaining additional technical accountants, (iii) implementing formal process to account for non-standard transactions, and (iv) implementing and formalizing management oversight of financial reporting at regular intervals;
• Continuing to update the documentation of our internal control processes, including implementing formal risk assessment processes and entity level controls;
• Implementing control activities that address relevant risks and assure that all transactions are subject to such control activities; Ensure systems that impact financial information and disclosures have effective information technology controls;
• Implementing plan to increase oversight and review of ad hoc spreadsheets while also working to reduce their use;
• We are in the process of further enhancing the supervisory procedures to include additional levels of analysis and quality control reviews within the accounting and financial reporting functions;
• IHT previously strengthened the position of Chief Financial Officer (CFO), to assist with the Trust’s internal controls oversight; and
• IHT filled the position of Controller, to further assist with the Trust’s internal controls oversight, and process accounting.

We believe that the remediation measures described above have and will continue to strengthen our internal control over financial reporting and remediate any material weaknesses that may be identified. These remediation efforts were implemented throughout Fiscal Year 2024, and early Fiscal Year 2025. Additional strengthening may take place in the balance of the current Fiscal Year 2025, as well.

Our management believes that our financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended April 30, 2024 fairly present in all material respects our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented and that this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the periods covered by this report.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were continued positive changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended April 30, 2024, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. With the several new additions aforementioned above, these new additions should assist with the Trust’s stability, technical accounting, and internal control issues.

PART II

OTHER INFORMATION

Risks Relating to COVID-19

COVID-19 had a material detrimental impact on our business, financial results and liquidity, in Fiscal Year 2021, ended January 31, 2021. Its consequences had dramatically reduced travel and demand for hotel rooms, in Fiscal Year 2021. We believe that lodging demand and revenue level have now significantly recovered.

Fiscal Year 2024, starting February 1, 2023 and ending January 31, 2024, confirmed a significant strong rebound and encouraging progress. The start of Fiscal Year 2025, starting February 1, 2024 and ending January 31, 2025, has shown no ill effects from the pandemic whatsoever.

COVID-19 and its consequences previously reduced travel and demand for hotel rooms, which previously had an impact our business, operations, and financial results. We believe that lodging demand and revenue level is now at full recovery. The extent to which COVID-19 currently impacts our business, operations, and financial results, including the duration and magnitude of such effects, is diminished. The negative impact COVID-19 had on global and regional economies and economic activity, including the duration and magnitude of its impact on consumer discretionary spending has been reduced significantly, and its short and longer-term impact on the demand for travel, transient and group business, and levels of consumer confidence is no longer considered a major factor for Fiscal Year 2025, (February 1, 2024 to January 31, 2025).