Mangoceuticals, Inc.: Form 10-Q for the period ended Jun 30, 2024

General

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with the condensed interim consolidated financial statements and related notes that are included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the audited consolidated financial statements and the notes to those consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, which were included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 1, 2024 (the “2023 Annual Report”). The following discussion contains forward-looking statements regarding future events and the future results of the Company that are based on current expectations, estimates, forecasts, and projections about the industry in which the Company operates and the beliefs and assumptions of the management of the Company. See also “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Information”, above. Words such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “targets,” “goals,” “projects,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates,” variations of such words, and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are only predictions and are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Therefore, actual results may differ materially and adversely from those expressed in any forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed elsewhere in this Quarterly Report and in other reports we file with the SEC. The Company undertakes no obligation to revise or update publicly any forward-looking statements for any reason, except as otherwise provided by law.

The following discussion is based upon our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The preparation of these condensed consolidated interim financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingencies. In the course of operating our business, we routinely make decisions as to the timing of the payment of invoices, the collection of receivables, the shipment of products, and the fulfillment of orders, among other matters. Each of these decisions has some impact on the financial results for any given period. In making these decisions, we consider various factors including contractual obligations, customer satisfaction, competition, internal and external financial targets and expectations, and financial planning objectives. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to sales returns, allowance for doubtful accounts, impairment of long-term assets, especially goodwill and intangible assets, assumptions used in the valuation of stock-based compensation, and litigation. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Certain capitalized terms used below but not otherwise defined, are defined in, and shall be read along with the meanings given to such terms in, the notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements of the Company for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, above.

See also “Glossary of Industry Terms” beginning on page 2 of our 2023 Annual Report for information on certain of the terms used below.

References to our websites and those of third parties below are for information purposes only and, unless expressly stated below, we do not desire to incorporate by reference into this Report information in such websites.

Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this Report to “we,” “us,” “our,” the “Registrant”, the “Company,” “MangoRx” and “Mangoceuticals, Inc.” refer to Mangoceuticals, Inc.

In addition:

• “Exchange Act” refers to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended;
• “FDA” means the U.S. Food and Drug Administration;
• “FFDCA Act” means the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, which is a set of U.S. laws passed by Congress in 1938 giving authority to the FDA to oversee the safety of food, drugs, medical devices, and cosmetics;
• “NASDAQ” means the NASDAQ Capital Market;
• “SEC” or the “Commission” refers to the United States Securities and Exchange Commission; and
• “Securities Act” refers to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

Available Information

We file annual, quarterly, and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. The SEC maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC like us at https://www.sec.gov and can also be accessed free of charge on the “Investors” section of our website under the heading “SEC Filings”. Copies of documents filed by us with the SEC (including exhibits) are also available from us without charge, upon oral or written request to our Secretary, who can be contacted at the address and telephone number set forth on the cover page of this Report. Our website address is www.mangoceuticals.com (http://www.mangoceuticals.com). Our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act of 1934 will be available through our website free of charge as soon as reasonably practical after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. The information on, or that may be accessed through, our website is not incorporated by reference into this Report and should not be considered a part of this Report.

The following discussion of the Company’s historical performance and financial condition should be read together with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included herein. This discussion contains forward-looking statements based on the views and beliefs of our management, as well as assumptions and estimates made by our management. These statements by their nature are subject to risks and uncertainties, and are influenced by various factors. As a consequence, actual results may differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors” included herein for the discussion of risk factors and see “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” for information on the forward-looking statements included below.

The following discussion is based upon our financial statements included elsewhere in in this prospectus, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingencies.

Introduction

Our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) is provided in addition to the accompanying financial statements and notes to assist readers in understanding our results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows. MD&A is organized as follows:

• Overview. An overview of our current operations.
• Recent Events. A summary of recent events affecting the Company.
• Plan of Operations. A description of our plan of operations for the next 12 months including required funding.
• Results of Operations. An analysis of our financial results comparing the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.
• Liquidity and Capital Resources. An analysis of changes in our balance sheets and cash flows and discussion of our financial condition.
• Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates. Accounting estimates that we believe are important to understanding the assumptions and judgments incorporated in our reported financial results and forecasts.

Overview

We connect consumers to licensed healthcare professionals through our website at www.MangoRx.com (http://www.MangoRx.com), for the provision of care via telehealth on our customer portal. We also provide access for customers to a licensed pharmacy for online fulfillment and distribution of certain medications that may be prescribed as part of telehealth consultations. To date, we have identified men’s wellness telemedicine services and products as a growing sector in recent years and especially related to the areas of erectile dysfunction (“ED”), hair growth products and hormone therapies. Our products currently consist of the following:

• ***‘PRIME’ by MangoRx, Powered by Kyzatrex® - ‘***PRIME’, by MangoRx, powered by Kyzatrex®️, an innovative FDA-approved oral Testosterone Replacement Therapy (TRT) product, is a prescription drug that is used to treat adult men who have low or no testosterone levels due to certain medical conditions and is one of only three FDA approved TRT treatments that is delivered orally--as opposed to the traditional, invasive, and inconvenient injection-based drug delivery protocol. ‘PRIME’, by MangoRx, powered by Kyzatrex®️ delivers testosterone in a softgel capsule that is absorbed primarily via the lymphatic system, avoiding liver toxicity. The benefits of ‘PRIME,’ powered by Kyzatrex®️, over traditional injectable TRTs include enhanced vitality, improved mood, sharper cognition, optimized physical performance, and balanced hormonal levels at 96% efficacy by day 90, as demonstrated in Phase 3 clinical research by Marius Pharmaceuticals. With ‘PRIME,’ MangoRx will expand broad-based consumer access to this revolutionary therapy.

Recent Events

In addition to the recent funding events and agreements described in greater detail below under “Liquidity and Capital Resources—Recent Events”, the following material transactions took place during the six months ended June 30, 2024:

Patent Purchase Agreement

Effective on April 24, 2024, the Company entered into a Patent Purchase Agreement (the “IP Purchase Agreement”), with Intramont Technologies, Inc. (“Intramont”). Pursuant to the IP Purchase Agreement, we purchased certain patents and patent applications owned by Intramont, related to prevention of infections, including the common cold, respiratory diseases, and orally transmitted diseases such as human papillomavirus (HPV) (the “Patents”), in consideration for $20,000,000, which is payable to Intramont by (a) the issuance of 980,000 shares of the Company’s newly designated 6% Series C Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Series C Preferred Stock”), with a face value of $20.00 per share, for a total value of $19,600,000 (the “Series C Shares”); and (b) $400,000 in cash, (i) with $200,000 payable on or before June 30, 2024, (ii) $100,000 payable on or before August 31, 2024, and (iii) $100,000 payable on or before November 30, 2024 (collectively, the “Cash Payments”).

In the event any of the Cash Payments have not been made on or before the due date thereof as provided above, we have 30 days to cure such non-payment, and if not paid by the end of such 30 day period, we have the option of paying Intramont $15,000 for a thirty day extension period for each Cash Payment.

The IP Purchase Agreement, and the purchase of the Patents, closed on April 24, 2024, upon the parties entry into the IP Purchase Agreement, and the Series C Shares were also issued on April 24, 2024.

The IP Purchase Agreement included standard representations and warranties and confidentiality and indemnification obligations of the parties, for a transaction of that type and size.

The Company purchased the Patents through its newly formed wholly-owned subsidiary, MangoRx IP Holdings, LLC, a Texas limited liability company.

The IP Purchase Agreement also included a grant back license, whereby the Company provided Intramont, an irrevocable, co-exclusive, non-transferable and non-assignable (except in the event of a change of control), non-sublicensable, worldwide, license to use the Patents for the lives thereof (the “Grant Back-License”). The Grant Back-License is subject to Intramont paying the Company a royalty of ten percent (10%) of gross worldwide sales of products sold by Intramont which utilize the Patents, beginning on April 24, 2025, and continuing until the end of the life of the last Patent (the “Royalty Payments”). The Royalty Payments are to be paid to the Company on an annual basis, within 30 days after the end of the calendar year.

Finally, the IP Purchase Agreement granted Intramont a right of first refusal, which provides that, if at any time prior to April 24, 2027, if we receive an offer to purchase the Patents and determine to accept such offer, or we determine to sell the Patents to a third party, we are required to provide Intramont the right of first refusal to either match such offer, or negotiate different purchase terms for the Patents.

The Company intends to utilize the Patents by commencing research, development, clinical trial studies and efficacy testing on a variety of oral applications including, but not limited to, an oral dissolvable tablet (ODT), lozenge, toothpaste and/or mouthwash.

The terms of the Company’s Series C Preferred Stock are described in greater detail in the Current Report on Form 8-K that the Company filed with the SEC on April 25, 2024.

Master Distribution Agreement

On July 9, 2024, we entered into a Master Distribution Agreement with ISFLST, Inc. (“ISFLST”) dated July 2, 2024 (the “Distribution Agreement”). Pursuant to the Distribution Agreement, we agreed to sell, and ISFLST agreed to purchase, certain of our products, including our MangoRx Grow and Mango ED products (collectively, the “Products”), for distribution and resale by ISFLST during the term of the agreement.

Pursuant to the Distribution Agreement, ISFLST agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts to sell and promote the sale of the Products in Asia Pacific and Latin America (excluding Mexico), and we provided ISFLST a non-exclusive, non-transferable license to market and sell the Products, and grant sub-licenses (subject to certain pre-requisites and limitations described in greater detail in the Distribution Agreement) to sell the Products, in the Market. We also agreed, subject to certain future mutually agreed milestones that ISFLST could earn exclusive rights to market the Products in the applicable “Market”.

The Distribution Agreement has a term of three years and is automatically renewable thereafter for three additional one year terms, unless either party provides the other notice of non-renewal at least 90 days prior to an automatic renewal date. The agreement may also be terminated by the non-breaching party upon the material breach of the agreement by the counterparty and failure to cure such breach after 90 days written notice, or upon insolvency.

The Distribution Agreement includes customary confidentiality requirements of the parties, representations and warranties of the parties, mutual indemnification rights, disclaimers of warranties and limitation of liabilities, and force majeure provisions.

The Distribution Agreement also includes a non-solicitation obligation of ISFLST, which applies during the term of the agreement and for two years thereafter.

All pricing information will be mutually agreed to by the parties and set forth in a separate purchase order, subject to availability and volume requirements.

Plan of Operations

We had a working deficit of $0.9 million as of June 30, 2024. With our current cash on hand, expected revenues, and based on our current average monthly expenses, we currently anticipate the need for additional funding in order to continue our operations at their current levels and to pay the costs associated with being a public company for the next 12 months. We may also require additional funding in the future to expand or complete acquisitions.

Our plan for the next 12 months is to continue using the same marketing and management strategies and continue providing a quality product with excellent customer service while also seeking to expand our operations organically or through acquisitions as funding and opportunities arise. As our business continues to grow, customer feedback will be integral in making small adjustments to improve products and our overall customer experience.

We are headquartered in Dallas, Texas and intend to grow our business both organically and through identifying acquisition targets over the next 12 months in the technology, health and wellness space, funding permitting. Specifically, we plan to continue to make additional and ongoing technology enhancements to our platform, further develop, market and advertise additional men’s health and wellness related products on our telemedicine platform, and identify strategic acquisitions that complement our vision. As these opportunities arise, we will determine the best method for financing such acquisitions and growth which may include the issuance of debt instruments, common stock, preferred stock, or a combination thereof, all of which may result in significant dilution to existing shareholders.

We may seek additional funding in the future through equity financings, debt financings or other capital sources, including collaborations with other companies or other strategic transactions, a portion of which we expect to raise pursuant to the SPA and ELOC, which are discussed in detail above. We may not be able to obtain financing on acceptable terms or at all. The terms of any financing may adversely affect the holdings or rights of our shareholders and/or create significant dilution. Although we continue to pursue these plans, there is no assurance that we will be successful in obtaining sufficient funding on terms acceptable to us to fund continued operations, if at all.

Results of Operations

Comparison of the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023

Revenues

We began generating revenues in November 2022 and had revenues of $163,163 and $141,237 for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Revenue increased by $21,926 or 15.5% for the three months ended June 30, 2024, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023, due to the Company increasing its digital marketing efforts and through recurring customer subscriptions.

Cost of Revenues

We had cost of revenues of $29,665 and $25,592 for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, attributed to costs associated with the Company’s third party doctor’s network and product shipping costs, and related party cost of revenues of $63,706 and $28,515 for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, relating to amounts paid to Epiq Scripts, LLC (“Epiq Scripts”), a related party, 51% owned and controlled by Jacob D. Cohen, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, which entity provides us pharmacy and compounding services. The related party cost of revenues was associated with a Master Services Agreement entered into with Epiq Scripts and a related statement of work and the remaining cost of revenues was attributed to the amounts paid to our unrelated party doctors network and shipping expenses.

Cost of revenues increased for the three months ended June 30, 2024, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023, directly corelated to the increase in products sold.

The Company analyzed the following factors when determining the amounts to be paid to Epiq Scripts under the Master Services Agreement and related statement of work: a) the fairness of the terms for the Company (including fairness from a financial point of view); b) the materiality of the transaction; c) bids / terms for a similar transaction from unrelated parties; d) the structure of the transaction; and e) the interests of each related party in the transaction.

Gross Profit

We had gross profit of $69,792 and $87,130 for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, which gross profit decreased due to an increase in shipping costs and the Company offering various discounts and incentives to attract first time customers.

Operating Expenses

We had total general and administrative expenses of $850,704 and $567,655, for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, an increase of $264,662 from the prior period.

The increase in general administration expenses for the quarter ended June 30, 2024, compared to the prior period, was due primarily to increased cost related to our legal fees of $165,368 and $106,560 for the quarters ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, mainly related to legal fees in connection with our follow-on offering, preferred offering and related matters. Accounting and auditing fees of $27,744 and $6,744, for the quarters ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, which was in connection with fees paid to our accountants and auditors in connection with the preparation of the financial statements for our quarterly reviews, and annual filing. General consulting related expenses of $108,651 and $52,023, for the quarters ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, related to other various consulting fees paid in connection with our operations in the current period. Software development fees of $239,520 and $79,680 for the quarters ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, related to the front and backend development of our website in the current period. Software development expenses are integral to customers accessing our ordering system and successfully placing an order for our products. We had loss on sale of assets of $18,387 for the three months ended June 30, 2024, compared to $0 for the three months ended June 30, 2023. On May 15, 2024, the Company disposed of $119,819 of equipment to Epic Scripts, a related party, in an arm’s length transaction. The equipment was sold for $65,000, realizing a loss on sale of assets of $18,837.

Salary and benefits were $259,105 and $374,396 for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, which decreased due to the Company’s reduction and consolidation of certain employees and operating staff.

Advertising and marketing expenses in the amount of $229,244 and $797,263, for the three-months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, related to the decrease in our advertising and marketing efforts in connection with the expansion and development of our new telemedicine platform.

We had $40,000 of investor relations expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2024, related to awareness of our stock to the public market, compared to $90,500 of investor relations expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2023.

Stock-based compensation totaled $859,380 and $549,574 (including a total of $416,340 and $700,000 attributed to stock issued for services and $37,965 and $64,271 attributed to stock-based compensation from issuances of options and warrants), for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, which increase was mainly due to bonuses issued to certain officers, directors and employees for services rendered.

Other Expense

We had imputed interest expense of $0 and $8,233 (which represented imputed interest on the related party loans which were repaid in 2023, as discussed below under “Liquidity and Capital Resources”) for the quarters ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

We had interest expense (amortization on discount) of $222,678 for the three months ended June 30, 2024, compared to $0 for the three months ended June 30, 2023, which was in connection with our Series B Preferred Stock offering. The discount on convertible preferred stock is amortized over the term until conversion, which is expected to be within six months.

Net Loss

We had a net loss of $2,390,979 and $2,284,025 for the quarters ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, representing an increase in net loss of $106,954 or 4.7% from the prior period, for the reasons discussed above.

Comparison of the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023

Revenues

We began generating revenues in November 2022 and had revenues of $377,258 and $241,959 for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Revenue increased by $135,299 or 55.9% for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2023, due to the Company increasing its digital marketing efforts and through recurring customer subscriptions.

Cost of Revenues

We had cost of revenues of $50,460 and $49,345 for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, attributed to costs associated with the Company’s third party doctor’s network and product shipping costs, and related party cost of revenues of $109,608 and $48,285 for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, relating to amounts paid to Epiq Scripts, a related party, 51% owned and controlled by Jacob D. Cohen, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, which entity provides us pharmacy and compounding services.

Cost of revenues increased for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2023, directly corelated to the increase in products sold.

The Company analyzed the following factors when determining the amounts to be paid to Epiq Scripts under the Master Services Agreement and related statement of work: a) the fairness of the terms for the Company (including fairness from a financial point of view); b) the materiality of the transaction; c) bids / terms for a similar transaction from unrelated parties; d) the structure of the transaction; and e) the interests of each related party in the transaction.

Gross Profit

We had gross profit of $217,190 and $144,329 for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The related party cost of revenues was associated with a Master Services Agreement entered into with Epiq Scripts and a related statement of work and the remaining cost of revenues was attributed to the amounts paid to our unrelated party doctors network and shipping expenses.

Operating Expenses

We had total general and administrative expenses of $1,622,662 and $1,951,614, for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, a decrease of $347,339 from the prior period.

The decrease in general administration expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to the prior period, was due primarily to reduced cost related to our legal fees of $287,415 and $198,386 for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, mainly related to legal fees in connection with our follow-on offering, preferred offering and related matters. Placement agent fees of $12,600 and $400,000, for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, relating to fees paid to our placement agent in connection with our private placement and initial public offerings. Accounting and auditing fees of $66,083 and $77,600, for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, which was in connection with fees paid to our accountants and auditors in connection with the preparation and reviews of our financial statements included in our quarterly reports and the audit of our financial report included in our annual report. General consulting related expenses of $220,309 and $219,141, for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, related to other various consulting fees paid in connection with our operations in the current period. Software development fees of $411,381 and $291,260 for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, related to the front and backend development of our website in the current period. Software development expenses are integral to customers accessing our ordering system and successfully placing an order for our products. We had loss on sale of assets of $18,387 for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to $0 for the six months ended June 30, 2023. On May 15, 2024, the Company disposed of $119,819 of equipment to Epic Scripts, a related party, in an arm’s length transaction. The equipment was sold for $65,000, realizing a loss on sale of assets of $18,837.

Salary and benefits were $552,314 and $396,094 for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, which increased due to an increase in our internal operational workforce.

Advertising and marketing expenses in the amount of $1,081,627 and $912,997, for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, related to us increasing our advertising and marketing costs in the 2024 period as we expanded our marketing efforts in connection with the expansion of our operations.

We had $183,000 of investor relations expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2024, related to awareness of our stock to the public market, compared to $519,465 of investor relations expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2023.

Stock-based compensation totaled $1,313,845 and $1,215,542 (including a total of $416,340 and $700,000 attributed to stock issued for services and $37,965 and $64,271 attributed to stock-based compensation from issuances of options and warrants), for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, which increase was due to which increase was mainly due to bonuses issued to certain officers, directors and employees for services rendered.

Other Expense

We had imputed interest expense of $0 and $6,473 (which represented imputed interest on the related party loans which were repaid in 2023, as discussed below under “Liquidity and Capital Resources”) for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

We had interest expense (amortization on discount) of $222,678 for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to $0 for the six months ended June 30, 2023, which was in connection with our Series B Preferred Stock offering. The discount on convertible preferred stock is amortized over the term until conversion, which is expected to be within six months.

Net Loss

We had a net loss of $4,758,560 and $4,844,910 for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, representing a decrease in net loss of $86,350 or 1.8% from the prior period, for the reasons discussed above.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of June 30, 2024, we had $490,243 of cash on-hand, compared to $739,006 of cash on-hand of December 31, 2023. We also had $13,299 of prepaid expenses, related party, relating to amounts funded to Epiq Scripts, which is 51% owned and controlled by Jacob D. Cohen, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, $14,019 of inventory; $3,313 of property and equipment, net, consisting of computers and general office equipment, $16,942 of security deposit, representing the security deposit on our leased office space, $90,011 of right of use asset in connection with our office space lease and $14,610,000 of patents, which we acquired pursuant to the Patent Purchase Agreement described in greater detail above under “Recent Events—Patent Purchase Agreement”

Cash decreased mainly due to funds used for general operating expenses.

As of June 30, 2024, the Company had total current liabilities of $1,378,265, consisting of $718,650 of accounts payable and accrued liabilities, $4,687 of payroll tax liabilities, $187,500 of notes payable to related parties, relating to loans to the Company by our CEO and an entity owned by our CEO, $67,428 of right-of-use liability, operating lease, current portion, and $400,000 of other liabilities related to purchase of intellectual property. We also had $30,117 of right-of-use liability, long-term.

As of June 30, 2024, we had a working deficit of $0.9 million and a total accumulated deficit of $15,986,733.

We have mainly relied on related party loans, as well as funds raised through the sale of securities, mainly through the private placement offering, our IPO and our Follow On Offering, each discussed below, and revenues generated from sales of our Mango ED, Mango GROW, and Prime products, to support our operations since inception. We have primarily used our available cash to pay operating expenses. We do not have any material commitments for capital expenditures, except pursuant to the terms of the SPA and ELOC, discussed in greater detail below.

We have experienced recurring net losses since inception. We believe that we will continue to incur substantial operating expenses in the foreseeable future as we continue to invest to bring our Mango ED, Mango GROW and Prime by MangoRx products to market and to attract customers, expand the product offerings and enhance technology and infrastructure. These efforts may prove more expensive than we anticipate, and we may not succeed in generating commercial revenues or net income to offset these expenses. Accordingly, we may not be able to achieve profitability, and we may incur significant losses for the foreseeable future. Our independent registered public accounting firm included an explanatory paragraph in its report on our financial statements as of December 31, 2023. As of June 30, 2024, our current capital resources, combined with the net proceeds from the offering, are not expected to be sufficient for us to fund operations for the next 12 months. We need to raise funding in addition to the funding raised in our IPO and Follow On Offering, to support our operations in the future, a portion of which we expect to raise pursuant to the SPA and ELOC. We may also seek to acquire additional businesses or assets in the future, which may require us to raise funding. We currently anticipate such funding being raised through the offering of debt or equity. Such additional financing, if required, may not be available on favorable terms, if at all. If debt financing is available and obtained, our interest expense may increase and we may be subject to the risk of default, depending on the terms of such financing. If equity financing is available and obtained it may result in our shareholders experiencing significant dilution. If such financing is unavailable, we may be forced to curtail our business plan, which may cause the value of our securities to decline in value.

To support our existing operations or any future expansion of business, including the ability to execute our growth strategy, we must have sufficient capital to continue to make investments and fund operations. We have plans to pursue an aggressive growth strategy for the expansion of operations through marketing to attract new customers for our Mango ED, Mango GROW, and Prime products.

Cash Flows

39

Net cash used in operating activities was $2,568,367 for the six months ended June 30, 2024, which was mainly due to $4,758,936 of net loss, offset by $1,224,900 of common stock issued for services, and $577,885 of accounts payable and accrued liabilities related parties.

Net cash used in operating activities was $3,588,886 for the six months ended June 30, 2023, which was mainly due to $4,844,910 of net loss offset by $1,087,000 of common stock issued for services and $128,542 of options vested for stock-based compensation.

Net cash used in investing activities was $3,519 for the six months ended June 30, 2023, which was due to the purchase of equipment. There was $65,000 net cash provided by investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2024.

Net cash provided by financing activities was $2,255,770 for the six months ended June 30, 2024, which was mainly due to $1,500,000 of proceeds from the sale of preferred stock for cash, relating to shares of Series B Preferred Stock sold during the period (see “Securities Purchase Agreement”, below) and $568,270 of proceeds from the sale of common stock for cash relating to proceeds received from the Follow On Offering and our ELOC.

Net cash provided by financing activities was $5,857,040 for the six months ended June 30, 2023, which was mainly due to $5,000,000 of proceeds from the sale of common stock in our IPO, discussed below.

Related Party Loans and Advances

On June 29, 2022, the Company received an advance of $25,000 from Cohen Enterprises, which is owned by Mr. Cohen, the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, who is also the majority shareholder of the Company, in order to cover various general and administrative expenses. The Company repaid Cohen Enterprises $25,000 on August 18, 2022 and the remaining $89,200 on April 4, 2023, bringing the total amount owed to Cohen Enterprises to $0 as of December 31, 2023. The Company further recorded a credit of $8,223 and $6,473 towards imputed interest, as other income (previously calculated at a rate of 8% per annum) against the related party advances for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023.

On November 18, 2022, the Company entered into a Secured Installment Promissory Note with a vendor for the purchase of equipment in the amount of $78,260 (the “Note Payable”). The note bears no interest unless an event of default occurs, and then it bears interest at the rate of 10% per annum until paid in full. The Note Payable was payable in installments, requiring payments of $5,000 on each of January 1, 2023, February 1, 2023, and March 1, 2023, with a $31,630 payment due on April 1, 2023 and a final payment due on May 1, 2023. The January 1 and March 1, 2023 payments were timely made and on March 23, 2023, the Company elected to pay off the remaining balance of $63,260. The outstanding balance on December 31, 2022 was $78,260 and as of December 31, 2023, was $0.

On March 1, 2024, the Company borrowed $37,500 from Ronin Equity Partners, which is owned and controlled by Jacob D. Cohen, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors. The amount borrowed is payable on demand and does not accrue interest.

On March 18, 2024, the Company borrowed $50,000 from Cohen Enterprises, Inc., which is owned and controlled by Jacob D. Cohen, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors. The amount borrowed is payable on demand and does not accrue interest.

On April 1, 2024, the Company borrowed $100,000 from Cohen Enterprises, which is owned and controlled by Jacob D. Cohen, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors. The amount borrowed is payable on demand and does not accrue interest.

Initial Public Offering

On March 23, 2023, we consummated our IPO of 1,250,000 shares of common stock at a price to the public of $4.00 per share, pursuant to that certain Underwriting Agreement, dated March 20, 2023, between the Company and Boustead Securities, LLC, as representative of several underwriters named in the Underwriting Agreement (“Boustead”). The Company received gross proceeds of approximately $5 million, before deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by the Company upon the sale of the shares. In connection with the IPO, the Company also granted Boustead a 45-day option to purchase up to an additional 187,500 shares of its common stock, which expired unexercised

At the same time, and as part of the same registration statement, but pursuant to a separate prospectus the Company registered the sale of 4,765,000 shares of common stock, including 2,000,000 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding warrants to purchase shares of common stock with an exercise price of $1.00 per share, of which warrants to purchase 975,500 shares of common stock remain outstanding, and unexercised, as of the date of this prospectus.

As additional consideration in connection with the IPO, we granted Boustead, the representative of the underwriters named in the Underwriting Agreement for the IPO, warrants to purchase 87,500 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $5.00 per share, which are exercisable beginning six months after the effective date of the registration statement filed in connection with the IPO (March 20, 2023) and expire five years after such effectiveness date.

At the same time, and as part of the same registration statement, but pursuant to a separate prospectus (the “Resale Prospectus”), the Company registered the sale of 4,765,000 shares of common stock, including 2,000,000 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding warrants to purchase shares of common stock with an exercise price of $1.00 per share, of which warrants to purchase 975,500 shares of common stock remain outstanding and unexercised.

As additional consideration in connection with the IPO, upon the closing of the IPO, we granted Boustead, the representative of the underwriters named in the Underwriting Agreement for the IPO, warrants to purchase 87,500 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $5.00 per share, which are exercisable beginning six months after the effective date of the registration statement filed in connection with the IPO (March 20, 2023) and expire five years after such effectiveness date.

Follow On Offering

On December 15, 2023, we entered into another underwriting agreement (the “Underwriting Agreement”) with Boustead, as representative of the underwriters named on Schedule 1 thereto (the “Underwriters”), relating to a public offering of 4,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock to the Underwriters at a purchase price to the public of $0.30 per share and also granted to the Underwriters a 45-day option to purchase up to 600,000 additional shares of its common stock, solely to cover over-allotments, if any, at the public offering price less the underwriting discounts (the “Follow On Offering”).

The Follow On Offering closed on December 19, 2023. As a result, the Company sold 4,000,000 shares of its common stock for total gross proceeds of $1.2 million.

The net proceeds to the Company from the Offering, after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses, were approximately $1.0 million. The Company used the net proceeds from the Offering to finance the marketing and operational expenses associated with the marketing of its Mango ED and GROW hair growth products, to develop and maintain software, and for working capital and other general corporate purposes.

On December 19, 2023, pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement, the Company issued a common stock purchase warrant to Boustead for the purchase of 280,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.38, subject to adjustments. The warrant is exercisable at any time and from time to time, in whole or in part, until December 14, 2029, and may be exercised on a cashless basis.

On January 18, 2024, the Underwriters notified the Company that they were exercising their over-allotment option in full to purchase an additional 600,000 shares of common stock, which sale closed on January 22, 2024. The net proceeds to the Company from the sale of the 600,000 shares of common stock, after deducting underwriting discounts and expenses, was approximately $160,000. Inclusive of the full exercise of the over-allotment option, a total of 4,600,000 shares of common stock were issued and sold in the Offering.

On January 22, 2024, pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement, the Company also issued a common stock purchase warrant to Boustead for the purchase of 42,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.375, subject to adjustments. The warrant is exercisable at any time and from time to time, in whole or in part, until December 14, 2028, and may be exercised on a cashless basis.

Securities Purchase Agreement

Effective on April 5, 2024 (the “Initial Closing Date”), we agreed to definitive terms on a Securities Purchase Agreement dated April 4, 2024 (as amended from time to time, the “SPA”), with an institutional accredited investor (the “Purchaser”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell to the Purchaser, and the Purchaser agreed to purchase from the Company, 1,500 shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock (“Series B Preferred Stock”) of the Company for $1,650,000, and warrants (the “Initial Warrants”), to purchase up to 3,300,000 shares of common stock, of the Company, for an aggregate purchase price of $1,500,000. On the Initial Closing Date, the Company sold the Purchaser 500 shares of Series B Preferred Stock (the “Initial Closing Shares”) and the Initial Warrants, for an aggregate of $500,000. The Initial Warrants have a term of five years.

On April 26, 2024, the Company partially closed a planned second closing under the SPA (the “Second Closing”), the Purchaser paid $150,000 to the Company, and in consideration therefore the Company issued the Purchaser 150 shares of Series B Preferred Stock.

On May 17, 2024, the Company closed the remaining portion of the Second Closing, the Purchaser paid $100,000 to the Company, and in consideration therefore the Company issued the Purchaser 100 shares of Series B Preferred Stock.

On April 28, 2024, the Company and the Purchaser entered into an Omnibus Amendment Agreement No. 1 (the “Amendment”), which amended the SPA to, adjust the closings which were to take place under the SPA as follows:

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On June 28, 2024 (the “Third Closing Date”), the Company sold the Purchaser 750 shares of Series B Preferred Stock (the “Third Closing Shares”) and (a) warrants to purchase up to 1,000,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.50 per share; and (b) warrants to purchase up to 500,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $1.00 per share (collectively, (a) and (b), the “Additional Warrants”, and together with the Initial Warrants, the “Warrants”, and the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants, the “Warrant Shares”). The Additional Warrants are exercisable on or after October 4, 2024, and for five years thereafter.

As described in the table above, the sale of an additional 1,000 shares of Series B Preferred Stock in the Fourth Closing is subject to certain conditions to closing and is expected to occur within 180 days after the shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the Series B Preferred Stock sold in the Initial Closing, Second Closing, Third Closing and Fourth Closing, have been registered under the Securities Act.

From (a) the Initial Closing Date until 30 days after the effective date of the registration statement registering for resale all of the Warrant Shares and shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the Series B Preferred Stock which may be sold at the Initial Closing, Second Closing, Third Closing and Fourth Closing, which registration statement has not yet been declared effective, the Company is prohibited from (i) issuing, entering into any agreement to issue or announcing the issuance or proposed issuance of any shares of common stock, common stock equivalents, preferred stock or preferred stock equivalents or (ii) filing any registration statement or amendment or supplement thereto, other than the filing a registration statement on Form S-8 in connection with any employee benefit plan; and (b) from the Initial Closing Date until 180 days after the Initial Closing Date, the Company is prohibited from effecting or entering into an agreement to effect any issuance by the Company or any of its subsidiaries of common stock, common stock equivalents, preferred stock or preferred stock equivalents (or a combination of units thereof) involving a Variable Rate Transaction (as defined in the SPA), except for an equity line of credit.

Finally, the SPA provides that until the 18th month anniversary of the Closing Date, the Purchaser has the right to participate in any issuance by the Company or any of its subsidiaries of common stock or common stock equivalents or any offering of debt or any other type of financing, or a combination thereof (other certain customary exempt issuances)(each a “Subsequent Financing”), in an amount not to exceed the amount of the Purchaser’s subscription, on the same terms, conditions and price provided for in the Subsequent Financing.

The Company has reserved from its duly authorized capital stock 50,000,000 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants and conversion of the Series B Preferred Stock.

Registration Rights Agreement

In connection with the SPA, the Company entered into a registration rights agreement (as amended from time to time, the “Registration Rights Agreement”) with the Purchaser. Pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement, the Company is required to file a resale registration statement (the “Registration Statement”) with the SEC to register for resale of the shares of the Company’s common stock issuable upon conversion of all shares of Series B Preferred Stock which may be sold at the Initial Closing, Second Closing, Third Closing and Fourth Closing, shares of common stock issuable in lieu of cash dividends which could accrue on the Series B Preferred Stock for a period of two years, and the Warrant Shares, within 30 days of the Closing Date, and to have such Registration Statement declared effective within 5 trading days after the date notified by the SEC that the SEC is not reviewing the Registration Statement, in the event the Registration Statement is not reviewed by the SEC, or 60 days of the Closing Date in the event the Registration Statement is reviewed by the SEC. The Company will be obligated to pay certain liquidated damages to the Purchaser if the Company fails to file the Registration Statement when required, fails to cause the Registration Statement to be declared effective by the SEC when required, of if the Company fails to maintain the effectiveness of the Registration Statement. Additionally, pursuant to the Amendment, within ten (10) calendar days of the execution and delivery of the Amendment, the Company was required to file a new registration statement on Form S-1 to provide for the registration of (a) 14,666,667 shares of common stock issuable in respect of the Series B Preferred Stock sold in each of the Second Closing, the Third Closing, and the Fourth Closing and (b) 1,500,000 shares of common stock issuable pursuant to the Additional Warrants.

The Company agreed, among other things, to indemnify the Purchaser and its affiliates with respect to certain liabilities and to pay all fees and expenses incident to the Company’s obligations under the Registration Rights Agreement.

Description of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock

On March 28, 2024, the Company submitted for filing to the Secretary of State of Texas, a Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Rights of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock of Mangoceuticals, Inc. (the “Series B Designation”), which was filed with the Secretary of State of Texas on April 4, 2024, effective as of March 28, 2024.

The Series B Convertible Preferred Stock terms are described in greater detail in the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the Company with the SEC on April 11, 2024. On June 27, 2024, with the approval of the Company and the sole shareholder of the Series B Preferred Stock, the Company amended the Series B Designation, to increase the floor price of the Series B Preferred Stock from $0.035 per share to $0.15 per share.

Equity Purchase Agreement

Also on the Initial Closing Date, the Company entered into an Equity Purchase Agreement (the “ELOC”) with the Purchaser pursuant to which the Purchaser committed to purchase up to $25,000,000 (the “Maximum Amount”) of the Company’s common stock (the “Financing”). On the Initial Closing Date, the Company issued 1,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock to the Purchaser as a commitment fee (the “Commitment Shares”). In connection with the Financing, on the Closing Date, the Company and the Purchaser also entered into a Registration Rights Agreement (the “ELOC RRA”).

Upon filing and effectiveness of a Registration Statement on Form S-1 to register the Advance Shares (defined below), which was declared effective on May 9, 2024, and provided other closing conditions are met, from time to time over the term of the ELOC, the Company has the right, but not the obligation, to direct the Purchaser to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Advance Shares”) in a maximum amount of one hundred percent (100%) of the average daily trading volume over the five trading days preceding the applicable advance date. At any time and from time to time during the 2-year term of the ELOC (the “Commitment Period”), the Company may deliver a notice to Purchaser (the “Advance Notice”) and shall deliver the Advance Shares to Purchaser via DWAC (as defined in the ELOC) on the next trading day. The purchase price (the “Purchase Price”) for the Advance Shares shall equal 90.0% of the gross proceeds received by the Purchaser for the resale of the Advance Shares during the three consecutive trading days immediately following the date an Advance Notice is delivered (the “Valuation Period”). The closing of an Advance Notice shall occur within two trading days following the end of the respective Valuation Period, whereby the Purchaser shall deliver the Investment Amount (as defined below) to the Company by wire transfer of immediately available funds. The Company shall not deliver another Advance Notice to Purchaser within one trading day of a prior closing of Advance Shares. The “Investment Amount” means the aggregate Purchase Price for the Advance Shares purchased by the Purchaser, minus clearing costs payable to the Purchaser’s broker or to the Company’s transfer agent for the issuance of the Advance Shares.

The right of the Company to issue and sell the Advance Shares to the Purchaser is subject to the satisfaction of certain closing conditions, including, but not limited to, (i) a Registration Statement on Form S-1 registering for resale by the Purchaser of the Advance Shares and Commitment Shares being declared effective by the SEC, which has occurred to date, (ii) accuracy of the Company’s representations and warranties, (iii) the Company’s performance under the ELOC in all material respects, (iv) no suspension of trading or delisting of common stock, (v) the limitation of the Purchaser’s beneficial ownership of the Company’s common stock to no more than 4.99% of the Company’s then outstanding common stock, (vi) the Company maintaining its DWAC-eligible status, (vii) the Company maintaining a sufficient share reserve, and (viii) the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date the Advance Notice is received must exceed $0.15.To date, the Company has sold a total of 950,000 shares for a gross proceeds of $457,655 before fees, discounts and expenses.

The ELOC terminates upon the first to occur of April 4, 2026; the date that $25,000,000 in Advance Shares have been purchased by the Purchaser; the date that the Company terminates the ELOC, which may be terminated in the Company’s option at any time following effectiveness of the Registration Statement registering the resale of the Advance Shares, except that the ELOC can’t be terminated at any time the Purchaser holds any Advance Shares; and upon the Company entering into bankruptcy protection (such period of time that the ELOC is in place, the “Commitment Period”).

Pursuant to the ELOC, the Purchaser agreed, that neither it, nor any of its affiliates, will in any manner whatsoever, directly or indirectly, during the period commencing on the date of the ELOC and ending on (x) earlier of the date of the delivery of the first Advance Notice by the Company, and (y) the date that is six months from the date the ELOC was entered into (the “Lock-Up Termination Date”), (i) offer, pledge, announce the intention to sell, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, make any short sale, or otherwise transfer or dispose of, any shares of common stock; (ii) enter into any transaction that is designed to, or might reasonably be expected to, result in the transfer to another person, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of any shares of common stock (each, a “Disposition”); or (iii) publicly disclose the intention to make any Disposition or engage in any short sale, without the prior written consent of the Company.

While the Company has the obligation to maintain such share reserve while the ELOC is effective, the Company does not have the obligation to sell any Advance Shares to the Purchaser. Additionally, neither the Purchaser, nor any affiliate of the Purchaser acting on its behalf or pursuant to any understanding with it, will execute any short sales during the period from the date hereof to the end of the Commitment Period.

In connection with the ELOC, the Company entered into the ELOC RRA with the Purchaser. Pursuant to the ELOC RRA, the Company was required to file a resale registration statement (the “ELOC Registration Statement”) with the SEC to register all common stock underlying the Advance Shares, and the Commitment Shares, which was declared effective on May 9, 2024.

The Company has agreed, among other things, to indemnify the Purchaser and its affiliates with respect to certain liabilities and to pay all fees and expenses incident to the Company’s obligations under the ELOC RRA.

Need for Future Funding

As discussed above, our current capital resources, combined with the net proceeds from the offering, are not expected to be sufficient for us to fund operations for the next 12 months. We believe we will need funding in addition to the funding raised in our IPO and Follow On Offering, to support our operations in the future. We may also seek to acquire additional businesses or assets in the future, which may require us to raise funding. As noted above, we have entered into a SPA and ELOC agreements, which are detailed above, for additional funding to help meet our capital requirements over the next 12 months, which will result in shareholder dilution. Additional funding, if required, may be raised through the offering of debt or equity. Such additional financing, if required, may not be available on favorable terms, if at all. If debt financing is available and obtained, our interest expense may increase and we may be subject to the risk of default, depending on the terms of such financing. If equity financing is available and obtained it may result in our shareholders experiencing significant dilution. If such financing is unavailable, we may be forced to curtail our business plan, which may cause the value of our securities to decline in value.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preparation of the Company’s financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and expenses. “Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to the audited financial statements included in “Part I, Item 1. Financial Statements”, above describes the significant accounting policies used in the preparation of the financial statements. Certain of these significant accounting policies and estimates have a higher degree of inherent uncertainty and require significant judgments. Accordingly, actual results could differ from those estimates. To the extent that there are differences between our estimates and actual results, our future financial statement presentation, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows will be affected.

A critical accounting policy is defined as one that is both material to the presentation of our financial statements and requires management to make difficult, subjective or complex judgments that could have a material effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Specifically, critical accounting estimates have the following attributes: (1) we are required to make assumptions about matters that are highly uncertain at the time of the estimate; and (2) different estimates we could reasonably have used, or changes in the estimate that are reasonably likely to occur, would have a material effect on our financial condition or results of operations.

Estimates and assumptions about future events and their effects cannot be determined with certainty. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions believed to be applicable and reasonable under the circumstances. These estimates may change as new events occur, as additional information is obtained and as our operating environment changes. These changes have historically been minor and have been included in the financial statements as soon as they became known. Based on a critical assessment of our accounting policies and the underlying judgments and uncertainties affecting the application of those policies, management believes that our financial statements are fairly stated in accordance with GAAP and present a meaningful presentation of our financial condition and results of operations. We believe the following critical accounting policies reflect our more significant estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements:

Share-Based Compensation - Stock-based compensation is accounted for based on the requirements of the Share-Based Payment Topic of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 718, which requires recognition in the consolidated financial statements of the cost of employee and director services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments over the shorter of period the employee or director is required to perform the services in exchange for the award or the vesting period. ASC 718 also requires measurement of the cost of employee and director services received in exchange for an award based on the grant-date fair value of the award. Pursuant to ASC 505-50, for share-based payments to non-employees, compensation expense is determined at the “measurement date.” The expense is recognized over the service period of the award. Until the measurement date is reached, the total amount of compensation expense remains uncertain. The Company initially records compensation expense based on the fair value of the award at the reporting date. Additionally, we used this same methodology when determining the fair value of our restricted common stock issuances to managers and other related parties.

Estimating the Fair Value of Common Stock - We are required to estimate the fair value of the common stock underlying our stock-based awards and warrants when performing the fair value calculations using the Black-Scholes option pricing model

Our determination of the fair value of stock options with time-based vesting on the date of grant utilizes the Black-Scholes option pricing model, and is impacted by our common stock price as well as other variables including, but not limited to, expected term that options will remain outstanding, expected common stock price volatility over the term of the option awards, risk-free interest rates and expected dividends. Estimating the fair value of equity-settled awards as of the grant date using valuation models, such as the Black-Scholes option pricing model, is affected by assumptions regarding a number of complex variables. Changes in the assumptions can materially affect the fair value and ultimately how much stock-based compensation expense is recognized. These inputs are subjective and generally require significant analysis and judgment to develop.

Warrants - In accordance with ASC 480, the Company classifies as equity any contracts that (i) require physical settlement or net-share settlement or (ii) gives the Company a choice of net-cash settlement in its own shares. The Company classifies as liabilities any contracts that (i) require net-cash settlement (including a requirement to net-cash settle the contract if an event occurs and if that event is outside the control of the Company) or (ii) give the counterparty a choice of net-cash settlement or settlement in shares.

The Company accounts for its currently issued warrants in conjunction with the Company’s ordinary shares in permanent equity. These warrants are indexed to the Company’s stock and meet the requirements of equity classification as prescribed under ASC 815-40. Warrants classified as equity are initially measured at fair value, and subsequent changes in fair value are not recognized so long as the warrants continue to be classified as equity. The value of the warrant is based on accepted valuation procedures and practices that rely substantially on the third-party professional’s use of numerous assumptions and its consideration of various factors that are relevant to the operation of the Company.

JOBS Act and Recent Accounting Pronouncements

The JOBS Act provides that an “emerging growth company” can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act, for complying with new or revised accounting standards. In other words, an “emerging growth company” can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have elected to take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act, for complying with new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until the earlier of the date we (i) are no longer an emerging growth company or (ii) affirmatively and irrevocably opt out of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act.

We have implemented all new accounting pronouncements that are in effect and may impact our financial statements and we do not believe that there are any other new accounting pronouncements that have been issued that might have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) that are adopted by the Company as of the specified effective date. If not discussed, management believes that the impact of recently issued standards, which are not yet effective, will not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements upon adoption.

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU No. 2023-07, Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (Topic 280). This ASU updates reportable segment disclosure requirements by requiring disclosures of significant reportable segment expenses that are regularly provided to the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) and included within each reported measure of a segment’s profit or loss. This ASU also requires disclosure of the title and position of the individual identified as the CODM and an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measures of a segment’s profit or loss in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources. The ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Adoption of the ASU should be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. Early adoption is also permitted. This ASU will likely result in us including the additional required disclosures when adopted. We are currently evaluating the provisions of this ASU and expect to adopt them for the year ending December 31, 2024.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (Topic 740). The ASU requires disaggregated information about a reporting entity’s effective tax rate reconciliation as well as additional information on income taxes paid. The ASU is effective on a prospective basis for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is also permitted for annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. This ASU will result in the required additional disclosures being included in our consolidated financial statements, once adopted.

We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and are not required to provide the information otherwise required under this item.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of June 30, 2024, the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on such evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended June 30, 2024 that materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures

In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.

Reference is made to Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” included in our 2023 Annual Report for information concerning risk factors, which should be read in conjunction with the factors set forth in “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Information” of this Report and below. There have been no material changes with respect to the risk factors disclosed in our 2023 Form 10-K, except as discussed below. You should carefully consider such factors in the 2023 Annual Report, and below, which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results. The risks described in the 2023 Annual Report and below, are not the only risks facing our company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results.

Our Series B Convertible Preferred Stock and 6% Series C Convertible Cumulative Preferred Stock include a liquidation preference.

Our Series B Preferred Stock includes a liquidation preference of $1,100 per share, which may be increased from time to time pursuant to the terms of such Series B Preferred Stock (currently totaling an aggregate of $1,100,000 for all 1,000 outstanding shares of Series B Preferred Stock) which is payable upon liquidation, before any distribution to our common stock shareholders. Our Series C Preferred Stock includes a liquidation preference of $20 per share, which may be increased from time to time pursuant to the terms of such Series C Preferred Stock (currently totaling an aggregate of $19,600,000 for all outstanding shares of Series B Preferred Stock) which is payable upon liquidation, before any distribution to our common stock shareholders, but after distributions to our Series B Preferred Stock holders. As a result, if we were to dissolve, liquidate or sell our assets, the holders of our Series B Preferred Stock would have the right to receive up to the first approximately $1,100,000 million in proceeds from any such transaction and holders of our Series C Preferred Stock would have the right to receive up to approximately $19.6 million of the remaining proceeds from any such transaction. The payment of the liquidation preferences could result in common stock shareholders not receiving any consideration if we were to liquidate, dissolve or wind up, either voluntarily or involuntarily. Additionally, the existence of the liquidation preferences may reduce the value of our common stock, make it harder for us to sell shares of common stock in offerings in the future, or prevent or delay a change of control. Because our Board of Directors is entitled to designate the powers and preferences of the preferred stock without a vote of our shareholders, subject to Nasdaq rules and regulations, our shareholders will have no control over what designations and preferences our future preferred stock, if any, will have.

The issuance of common stock upon conversion of the Series B Preferred Stock and Series C Preferred Stock and upon exercise of the Warrants will cause immediate and substantial dilution to existing shareholders.

Each holder of Series B Preferred Stock may, at its option, convert its shares of Series B Preferred Stock into that number of shares of common stock equal to the Stated Value of such share of Series B Preferred Stock (initially $1,100 per share), divided by the lesser of (x) $0.40, or (y) 90% of the average of the three lowest volume weighted average prices during the ten trading days preceding and ending on and including the conversion date subject to adjustment as provided in the designation (the “Conversion Price”). Further, in no event shall the Conversion Price be less than $0.15, subject to adjustment in the designation or the mutual agreement of the holder and the Company (the “Floor Price”). The Conversion Price is subject to anti-dilutive rights in the event that the Company issues any shares of common stock or common stock equivalents with a value less than the then conversion price, subject to certain customary exceptions for equity plan issuances, securities already outstanding, and certain strategic acquisitions, subject to the Floor Price.

Each holder of Series C Preferred Stock may, at its option, convert its shares of Series C Preferred Stock into that number of shares of common stock equal to the Stated Value of such share of Series C Preferred Stock, divided by the conversion price of $10.00 per share (i.e., initially a 2-for-1 conversion ratio) (the “Conversion Price”), subject to adjustment for stock splits and stock dividends, with any fractional shares rounded up to the nearest whole share.

The issuance of common stock upon conversion of the Series B Preferred Stock and Series C Preferred Stock will result in immediate and substantial dilution to the interests of other stockholders since the holders of the Series B Preferred Stock and Series C Preferred Stock may ultimately receive and sell the full amount of shares issuable in connection with the conversion of such Series B Preferred Stock and Series C Preferred Stock. Although the Series B Preferred Stock, and Series C Preferred Stock may not be converted by the holders thereof if such conversion would cause such holder to own more than 4.99% (4.999% in the case of the Series C Preferred Stock) of our outstanding common stock (which may be increased to 9.999% with at least 61 days prior written notice on a per shareholder basis for holders of our Series C Preferred Stock), these restrictions do not prevent such holders from converting some of their holdings, selling those shares, and then converting the rest of their holdings, while still staying below the 4.99%/9.999% limit. In this way, the holders of the Series B Preferred Stock and Series C Preferred Stock could sell more than these limits while never actually holding more shares than the limits allow. If the holders of the Series B Preferred Stock or Series C Preferred Stock choose to do this, it will cause substantial dilution to the then holders of our common stock.

The availability of shares of common stock upon conversion of the Series B Preferred Stock and Series C Preferred Stock for public resale, as well as any actual resales of these shares, could adversely affect the trading price of our common stock. We cannot predict the size of future issuances of our common stock upon the conversion of our Series B Preferred Stock and Series C Preferred Stock and/or upon exercise of the Warrants, or the effect, if any, that future issuances and sales of shares of our common stock may have on the market price of our common stock. Sales or distributions of substantial amounts of our common stock upon the conversion of our Series B Preferred Stock and Series C Preferred Stock and upon exercise of the Warrants, or the perception that such sales could occur, may cause the market price of our common stock to decline.

In addition, the common stock issuable upon the conversion of our Series B Preferred Stock and Series C Preferred Stock and upon exercise of the Warrants may represent overhang that may also adversely affect the market price of our common stock. Overhang occurs when there is a greater supply of a company’s stock in the market than there is demand for that stock. When this happens the price of our stock will decrease, and any additional shares which stockholders attempt to sell in the market will only further decrease the share price. If the share volume of our common stock cannot absorb shares sold by holders of the Series B Preferred Stock and Series C Preferred Stock and Warrants, then the value of our common stock will likely decrease.

We have filed a registration statement to permit the public resale of certain of the shares of common stock that may be issued upon the conversion of the Series B Preferred Stock and Series C Preferred Stock and the exercise of the Warrants. The influx of those shares into the public market could potentially have a negative effect on the trading price of our common stock.

Our outstanding Series B Preferred Stock and Series C Preferred Stock accrue a dividend.

From and after the issuance date of the Series B Preferred Stock, of which 1,000 shares are currently outstanding, each share of Series B Preferred Stock is entitled to receive, when, as and if authorized and declared by the Board of Directors of the Company, out of any funds legally available therefor, cumulative dividends in an amount equal to (i) the 10% per annum on the stated value (initially $1,100 per share or $110 per year) as of the record date for such dividend (as described in the Series B Designation), and (ii) on an as-converted basis, any dividend or other distribution, whether paid in cash, in-kind or in other property, authorized and declared by the Board of Directors on the issued and outstanding shares of common stock in an amount determined by assuming that the number of shares of common stock into which such shares of Series B Preferred Stock could be converted on the applicable record date for such dividend or distribution.

From and after the issuance date of the Series C Preferred Stock, each share of Series C Preferred Stock is entitled to receive, when, as and if authorized and declared by the Board of Directors of the Company, out of any funds legally available therefor, cumulative dividends in an amount equal to (i) the 6% per annum on the stated value (initially $20 per share or $1.176 million per year) as of the record date for such dividend (as described in the Series C Designation), and (ii) on an as-converted basis, any dividend or other distribution, whether paid in cash, in-kind or in other property, authorized and declared by the Board of Directors on the issued and outstanding shares of common stock in an amount determined by assuming that the number of shares of common stock into which such shares of Series C Preferred Stock could be converted on the applicable record date for such dividend or distribution.

Accrued dividends may be settled in cash, subject to applicable law, shares of common stock (valued at the closing price on the date the dividend is due) or in-kind, by increasing the stated value by the amount of the quarterly dividend.

In the event dividends are paid in common stock of the Company, the number of shares payable will be calculated by dividing the accrued dividend by the closing sales price of the Company’s common stock. If the Company is prohibited from paying, or chooses not to pay the dividend in cash or common stock, the Company may pay the dividend by increasing the Stated Value of the preferred stock.

We may choose not to pay such dividends in cash, may not have sufficient available cash to pay the dividends as they accrue or may be prohibited contractually, or pursuant to applicable law, from paying such dividends in cash. The payment of the dividends could reduce our available cash on hand, have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and cause the value of our stock to decline in value. Additionally, the issuance of shares of common stock or an increase in the Stated Value of our Series B Preferred Stock or Series C Preferred Stock in lieu of cash dividends (and the subsequent conversion of such Series B Preferred Stock or Series C Preferred Stock into common stock pursuant to the terms of such Series B Preferred Stock and Series C Preferred Stock) could cause substantial dilution to the then holders of our common stock.

Certain of our outstanding warrants include anti-dilution and reset rights.

At the Initial Closing, the Company issued the Purchaser warrants to purchase up to 3,300,000 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $0.26 per share and at the Third Closing, the Company issued the Purchaser (a) warrants to purchase up to 1,000,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.50 per share; and (b) warrants to purchase up to 500,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $1.00 per share. The exercise price of the Warrants (the “Exercise Price”) is subject to adjustment in the event of customary stock splits, stock dividends, combinations or similar events. If at any time following the 120th day after the Initial Closing, there is no effective registration statement registering, or the prospectus contained therein is not available for the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants, the Warrants can be exercised on a cashless basis and the Company is subject to certain liquidated damages and damages as described in greater detail in the agreements evidencing the Warrants. The Initial Warrants are exercisable until April 4, 2029 and the Additional Warrants are exercisable on or after October 4, 2024, and for five years thereafter.

The Warrants contain provisions that prohibit exercise if the holder, together with its affiliates, would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% of the number of the Company’s shares of common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to such exercise. The holder of the Warrants may increase or decrease this percentage, but not in excess of 9.99%, by providing at least 61 days’ prior notice to the Company. In the event of certain corporate transactions, the holder of the Warrants will be entitled to receive, upon exercise of the warrants, the kind and amount of securities, cash or other property that the holder would have received had it exercised the Warrants immediately prior to such transaction.

If the Company or any subsidiary at any time while the Warrants are outstanding, shall sell, enter into an agreement to sell or grant any option to purchase, or sell or grant any right to reprice, or otherwise dispose of or issue (or announce any offer, sale, grant or any option to purchase or other disposition) any common stock or common stock equivalents, at an effective price per share less than the Exercise Price of the Warrants then in effect (such lower price, the “Base Share Price” and such issuances collectively, a “Dilutive Issuance”) then simultaneously with the consummation (or, if earlier, the announcement) of each Dilutive Issuance the Exercise Price shall be reduced and only reduced to equal the Base Share Price. No adjustment however is to be made for certain customary exempt issuances (as defined in the SPA).

The Warrants also include customary buy-in rights in the event the Company fails to timely deliver the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise thereof.

If at any time the Warrants are outstanding there occurs any share split, share dividend, share combination recapitalization or other similar transaction involving the common stock (each, a “Share Combination Event”, and such date thereof, the “Share Combination Event Date”) and the Event Market Price (defined below) is less than the then exercise price then in effect, then on the sixth trading day immediately following such Share Combination Event Date, the Exercise Price then in effect on such sixth trading day is automatically reduced (but in no event increased) to the Event Market Price. The “Event Market Price” means, with respect to any Share Combination Event Date, the quotient determined by dividing (x) the sum of the volume weighted average price of the common stock for each of the five trading days ending and including the trading day immediately preceding the sixth trading day after such Share Combination Event Date, divided by (y) five.

Anti-dilutive rights of the Warrants may cause the Exercise Price of the Warrants to decrease significantly, may result to significant dilution to existing stockholders, and may prevent us from completing otherwise accretive transactions.

The sale of shares of common stock under the ELOC may cause significant dilution to existing shareholders.

The issuance of shares of common stock pursuant to the terms of the ELOC (including the Commitment Shares) will not affect the rights of the Company’s existing stockholders, but such issuances will have a dilutive effect on the Company’s existing stockholders, including, over time, the voting power of the existing stockholders. The issuance of shares of common stock pursuant to the terms of the ELOC (pursuant to which we are able to sell up to $25 million shares of common stock, subject to certain requirements, of which 950,000 shares of common stock have been sold to date) will also dilute the ownership interests of our existing stockholders. The availability of these shares for public resale, as well as any actual resales of these shares, could adversely affect the trading price of our common stock. We cannot predict the size of future issuances of our common stock pursuant to the terms of the ELOC, or the effect, if any, that future issuances and sales of shares of our common stock may have on the market price of our common stock. Sales or distributions of substantial amounts of our common stock pursuant to the terms of the ELOC, or the perception that such sales could occur, may cause the market price of our common stock to decline.

In addition, the common stock issuable pursuant to the terms of the ELOC may represent overhang that may also adversely affect the market price of our common stock. Overhang occurs when there is a greater supply of a company’s stock in the market than there is demand for that stock. When this happens the price of our stock will decrease, and any additional shares which stockholders attempt to sell in the market will only further decrease the share price. If the share volume of our common stock cannot absorb shares sold by the Purchaser, then the value of our common stock will likely decrease.

We have filed a registration statement to permit the public resale of the shares of common stock issuable pursuant to the terms of the ELOC (including the Commitment Shares). The influx of those shares into the public market could potentially have a negative effect on the trading price of our common stock.

The shares of common stock to be sold pursuant to the terms of the ELOC are to be sold based on a discount to fluctuating market prices and as a result, we are unable to accurately forecast or predict with certainty the total amount of shares of Company common stock that may be issued to the Purchaser under the ELOC; however, we expect such sales, if any to cause significant dilution to existing shareholders.