Newton Golf Company, Inc.: Form 10-K for the period ended Dec 31, 2025

Company Overview

Newton Golf Company, Inc. (the “Company,” “Newton,” “we,” “us,” or “our”) designs, manufactures, and sells performance golf equipment, including premium golf shafts and putters, and focuses on developing technology-driven golf products intended to enhance player performance. The Company’s Newton Motion™ shaft product line represents a core component of its product strategy and has contributed significantly to recent revenue growth.

In April 2022, the Company expanded its manufacturing capabilities by opening a shaft manufacturing facility in St. Joseph, Missouri to support the production of advanced carbon fiber golf shafts. The Company seeks to manufacture and assemble substantially all of its products in the United States where economically feasible, which management believes provides supply chain advantages and supports product quality, engineering control, and operational flexibility.

The Company sells its products through a combination of direct-to-consumer channels, including its websites, as well as through resellers, professional club fitters, distributors, and golf retailers. The Company currently distributes products primarily in the United States, with additional distribution in international markets including Japan and South Korea.

The Company continues to expand its relationships with professional club fitters and retail partners as adoption of its shaft products increases. Growing awareness of the Newton brand among professional golfers, club fitters, and retail partners may create opportunities to expand distribution of other Newton-branded products.

The Company believes its technology-driven shaft platform and domestic manufacturing capabilities position it to scale production efficiently as demand for premium performance golf equipment increases. Management believes the Company is in the early stages of scaling its Newton shaft platform and that continued adoption by golfers, professional club fitters, and retail partners may support significant long-term revenue growth.

Over time, the Company may expand its product offerings through internal product development or strategic acquisitions of complementary golf-related product lines or technologies. In addition, the Company may explore opportunities to collaborate with other golf equipment manufacturers or industry partners where its shaft technologies and manufacturing capabilities may complement broader equipment platforms.

Historical Development

The Company was formed in March 2018 as Sacks Parente Golf, Inc., a Delaware corporation. In July 2018, the corporation converted from a corporation to a limited liability company. In March 2022, the limited liability company converted back to a corporation. On March 17, 2025, the Company changed its name to Newton Golf Company, Inc. Pursuant to the Company’s plan of conversion, on March 17, 2025, all outstanding ownership interests in Sacks Parente Golf, Inc., and rights to receive such interests, were converted into and exchanged for shares of capital stock of the newly formed Delaware corporation. The conversion has been retroactively reflected in the accompanying financial statements for all periods presented.

Public Offerings

On August 14, 2023, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement with The Benchmark Company in connection with its initial public offering. In the offering, the Company sold 10,667 shares of common stock at a price of $1,200 per share. The offering closed on August 17, 2023, generating gross proceeds of approximately $11.6 million. The Company received net proceeds of approximately $11.0 million after deducting underwriting discounts, commissions, and offering expenses of approximately $565,000.

On October 8, 2024, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement with Aegis Capital Corp. as sole underwriter for the sale of 12,200 shares of common stock at a public offering price of $60.00 per share. The offering closed on October 10, 2024, generating net proceeds to the Company of approximately $467,000, after deducting underwriting discounts, commissions, and estimated offering expenses.

On December 12, 2024, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement with Aegis Capital Corp. as sole underwriter for the sale of 233,333 common units (“Common Units”) of the Company each consisting of (i) one share of common stock, (ii) one Series A common warrant of the Company (“Series A Warrant”), and (iii) one Series B common warrant of the Company (“Series B Warrant”). The public offering price per Common Unit was $36.00. The Series A Warrants have an initial exercise price of $72.00 per share, are exercisable following stockholder approval, and expire 60 months thereafter.

The Series B Warrants have an initial exercise price of $72.00 per share or may be exercised pursuant to an alternative cashless exercise feature, are exercisable following stockholder approval, and expire 30 months thereafter.

Reverse Stock Splits

On July 18, 2024, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment to amend its Certificate of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of Delaware to effect a 1-for-10 reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock (the “First Reverse Stock Split”). The First Reverse Stock Split became effective at 12:01 a.m. Eastern Time on July 30, 2024, and the Company’s common stock began trading on The Nasdaq Capital Market on a post-split basis under its existing trading symbol.

On March 4, 2025, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment to amend its Certificate of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of Delaware to effect a 1-for-30 reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock (the “Second Reverse Stock Split”). The Second Reverse Stock Split became effective at 12:01 a.m. Eastern Time on March 17, 2025, and the Company’s common stock began trading on The Nasdaq Capital Market on a post-split basis under its existing trading symbol.

All share amounts and per-share information presented in this Annual Report have been retroactively adjusted to reflect both reverse stock splits for all periods presented.

No fractional shares were issued in connection with the reverse stock splits, as all fractional shares were rounded up to the next whole share.

Industry Overview

The global golf equipment industry includes golf clubs, shafts, balls, and related accessories sold through golf retailers, professional club fitters, distributors, and direct-to-consumer channels. Industry reports estimate that the global golf equipment market is estimated to be $8.55 billion in 2025 and is expected to grow at a mid-single-digit annual rate over the next several years.

Golf participation increased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic as the sport was widely viewed as a socially distanced outdoor activity. Although the initial pandemic-driven surge has moderated, participation levels have remained elevated relative to historical levels, and industry organizations have reported continued engagement among both new and returning golfers.

According to Grand View Research, in addition to traditional golf participation, off-course golf experiences and indoor golf technologies have expanded opportunities for consumers to engage with the sport. Golf entertainment venues such as Topgolf and the increasing availability of golf simulators and indoor golf facilities allow consumers to participate in golf-related activities in non-traditional environments and in regions where weather conditions may limit outdoor play during portions of the year.

The golf equipment market is highly competitive and driven in part by product innovation, equipment fitting, and brand recognition among professional golfers, club fitters, and retailers. Many golfers seek equipment designed to improve performance, including customized clubs and high-performance components such as premium shafts.

International markets represent an important component of the golf equipment industry. Countries such as Japan and South Korea have well-established golf markets with strong demand for premium equipment, while other regions continue to experience increasing participation and investment in golf-related infrastructure.

The Company believes these industry trends, including increasing demand for premium equipment and the growing importance of professional club fitting, support the long-term opportunity for technology-driven golf equipment manufacturers.

Product Portfolio Characteristics

The Company designs and develops golf equipment intended for golfers of all skill levels, from amateur to professional. The Company seeks to design its products to conform to the Rules of Golf as established by the United States Golf Association (“USGA”) and the R&A, the governing bodies responsible for establishing and interpreting the rules of golf equipment.

The Company’s product development philosophy emphasizes the application of engineering principles and physics to golf equipment design. Through research and development activities, the Company seeks to develop products that differentiate themselves through materials engineering, weight distribution, and structural performance characteristics. The Company focuses its research and development efforts on composite shaft technologies and other engineering-driven golf equipment innovations.

To support product development, the Company utilizes computer-aided design software, finite element analysis tools, structural optimization techniques, and various testing technologies. These include robotics, launch monitor systems, and other testing equipment used to evaluate performance characteristics of golf equipment products.

Newton Shafts

In November 2023, the Company expanded its product portfolio through the introduction of the Newton Motion driver shaft, marking the Company’s entry into the premium composite golf shaft market. In April 2024, the Company expanded its shaft product line with the introduction of the Newton Motion fairway wood shaft. These products are manufactured at the Company’s shaft manufacturing facility in St. Joseph, Missouri. The Company’s ability to manufacture composite shafts domestically allows it to control production processes and support ongoing product development activities.

The Newton shaft product family includes two primary driver shaft models: Motion and Fast Motion. The Fast Motion driver shaft was introduced in 2025 and has become the Company’s best-selling shaft product. The Fast Motion driver shaft incorporates higher modulus carbon fiber materials and lighter composite construction designed to reduce overall shaft weight while maintaining structural stability. The Motion shaft utilizes a different composite construction intended to provide alternative performance characteristics for golfers with varying swing profiles.

The Newton Motion shafts utilize carbon fiber composite materials and proprietary shaft construction techniques designed to influence key performance characteristics such as stability, energy transfer, and weight distribution during the golf swing. The Company manufactures its shafts using proprietary mandrels and composite wrapping processes developed for the Newton Motion shaft product line.

Unlike many traditional shaft designs that are used across multiple club types, the Company develops shafts tailored to the performance characteristics of specific clubs, including drivers, fairway woods, and hybrid clubs. The Company believes that shafts designed specifically for individual club types may improve launch conditions, consistency, and overall club performance.

The Newton Motion shaft product line also incorporates the Company’s proprietary “DOT” system, which replaces traditional shaft flex designations with a numerical system ranging from one to seven dots. This system is intended to provide golfers with a more precise method for selecting shaft stiffness and to allow golfers to match shaft characteristics across driver, fairway wood, and hybrid clubs.

The Company continues to expand the Newton Motion shaft product line through ongoing product development. During 2026, the Company expects to introduce additional shaft products including a Fast Motion fairway wood shaft, Fast Motion hybrid shaft, and Motion hybrid shaft as part of the continued expansion of the Newton Motion product family.

Golf shafts play an important role in the club fitting process and are often selected independently of the golf club head. As a result, shaft manufacturers frequently work closely with professional club fitters and golf retailers who recommend shaft products to golfers during the fitting process. The Company believes that the growing adoption of its shaft products among golfers, professional club fitters, and retailers may create additional opportunities to expand distribution of other Newton-branded golf equipment products over time.

The Company’s shaft product development is supported by in-house engineering capabilities, including computer-aided design, structural modeling, and product testing. These capabilities allow the Company to develop composite shaft designs using proprietary manufacturing processes and specialized composite materials.

The Company’s shafts are used by professional golfers across several professional tours, including the PGA TOUR Champions and other international tours. The Company believes that professional adoption provides visibility for its products among golfers, club fitters, and retailers.

Newton Gravity Putters

The Company also offers golf putting instruments marketed under the Newton Gravity brand. These products incorporate certain proprietary design characteristics, including ultra-low balance point technology intended to influence the distribution of weight within the putter.

Ultra-low balance point technology refers to a shaft balance point positioned closer to the putter head, which shifts the relative weight distribution toward the head of the putter. The Company achieves this balance profile through the use of lightweight shaft and grip components rather than increasing the mass of the putter head.

Gravity putters are manufactured using a variety of materials, including steel, aluminum, carbon fiber, tungsten, magnesium components, and other materials. These products incorporate proprietary face and shaft technologies intended to influence feel, weight distribution, and stroke characteristics.

While the Company continues to develop putter technologies, recent product development efforts and revenue growth have been primarily driven by the expansion of the Newton Motion shaft product line.

Product Expansion Opportunities

The Company may from time to time evaluate opportunities to expand its product portfolio beyond its current golf shaft and putting instrument product lines. Potential expansion opportunities may include additional golf equipment categories or technologies that support the golf equipment ecosystem and complement the Company’s existing products, engineering capabilities, and distribution channels.

Such opportunities may be pursued through internal product development, strategic partnerships, or the acquisition of complementary businesses. Examples of potential opportunities could include golf equipment products, such as golf balls, or technologies that support equipment performance, fitting, or training.

There can be no assurance that the Company will pursue or complete any such expansion opportunities.

Manufacturing and Distribution

The Company maintains its headquarters and research and development facility in Camarillo, California, where certain product development activities are performed. Putter head assembly was historically performed in Camarillo; however, in January 2024, the Company relocated its primary golf club assembly operations to the St. Joseph, Missouri facility.

The Company’s primary manufacturing, assembly, warehousing, and distribution operations are located in St. Joseph, Missouri, which management believes provides greater control over product quality, engineering, and production processes. The facility supports the production of carbon fiber golf shafts, product assembly, inventory management, and order fulfillment. Management also believes that domestic manufacturing helps mitigate certain risks associated with global supply chain disruptions, tariffs, and geopolitical trade uncertainties.

In 2023, the Company began manufacturing putter and replacement shafts using its proprietary mandrels and wrapping technology. In 2024, the Company expanded its shaft product offerings to include driver wood and fairway wood replacement shafts.

The Company’s golf club manufacturing and assembly processes are labor intensive and require coordination across multiple production steps, including shaft manufacturing, component assembly, finishing, and quality control. The Company seeks to design, develop, and manufacture as many of its products in the United States as is economically feasible.

The Company’s St. Joseph manufacturing facility provides meaningful production capacity to support anticipated growth in shaft demand, and management believes the facility can support significantly higher production volumes with modest operational improvements and incremental equipment investments.

The Company distributes its products primarily in the United States through direct-to-consumer and wholesale channels. Internationally, the Company sells products through distribution partners, including relationships in Japan and South Korea, as well as through certain direct-to-consumer e-commerce sales.

Raw Material and Suppliers

The Company’s golf shafts are manufactured using carbon fiber and prepreg materials, along with coatings, paints, inks, and other decorative materials. Carbon fiber is a specialized composite material commonly used in the manufacture of advanced golf shafts due to its strength, weight, and performance characteristics. Raw materials used in the production of the Company’s putters include various types of steel and aluminum, as well as other metals such as tungsten and magnesium.

The Company sources the majority of its raw materials and components from suppliers located in the United States, including suppliers of carbon fiber materials used in the manufacture of its golf shafts. These materials include high-performance carbon fiber products manufactured by suppliers such as Toray Composite Materials America, Inc. The Company manufactures its shafts in-house using carbon fiber materials supplied by third parties.

Certain components used in the assembly of the Company’s products, including grips and shaft tips, are sourced from third-party suppliers located both in the United States and internationally, including Vietnam and China. Putter products are assembled from components produced by suppliers in the United States and China, and certain components are produced using Computer Numerical Control (“CNC”) machining performed by third-party manufacturers.

The Company does not generally enter into long-term supply agreements and typically purchases raw materials and components on a purchase-order basis. However, the Company maintains a blanket purchase order with one of its key suppliers that provides a committed supply allocation for certain materials. While this arrangement provides some short-term supply assurance, it does not eliminate risks associated with sourcing constraints or supplier concentration.

Some raw materials and components may be available from a limited number of suppliers. The Company competes with other manufacturers for access to these materials and production capacity. The Company periodically evaluates alternative suppliers and sourcing strategies in order to reduce supply chain concentration risk. If the Company were unable to obtain necessary materials or components from existing suppliers and could not identify alternative suppliers in a timely manner, its business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Markets

The Company sells its products primarily in the United States, with additional international distribution in markets including Japan and South Korea.

The Company distributes its products through a combination of direct-to-consumer channels, including its e-commerce websites, as well as through wholesale channels such as professional club fitters, pro shops at golf courses, golf retailers, online retailers, and third-party distributors.

The Company also works with professional club fitting organizations, including Club Champion, to make its products available to golfers through custom fitting programs. The Company has also entered into a distribution relationship with Voice Caddie to distribute its products in South Korea.

The Company believes its expanding relationships with club fitters, retailers, and international distributors may provide opportunities to increase the availability of its products in existing and new markets.

Customers

Our customers include individual golfers as well as wholesale and retail customers, including professional club fitters, golf pro shops, off-course golf retailers, sporting goods retailers, and third-party distributors. We also sell products directly to consumers through our e-commerce platforms. Certain customers, including professional club fitting organizations such as Club Champion, purchase products for resale through their club fitting and retail locations in the United States and internationally. No single customer accounted for more than 10% of our total revenue in 2025, and we do not depend on any single or limited group of major customers for a majority of our revenues.

Advertising and Marketing

The Company conducts marketing activities to increase awareness of the Newton brand and its golf equipment products. Marketing efforts include paid media advertising, digital and social media campaigns, participation in industry events, product placement and use by professional golfers, and promotional activities with club fitters and golf retailers.

The Company allocates a significant portion of its marketing resources to paid media advertising, including digital platforms, social media channels, and golf-industry media outlets. Historically, the Company has utilized direct-to-consumer advertising through digital media, television, and print publications within the golf industry. During 2025, the Company reallocated a greater portion of its direct-to-consumer advertising toward promoting its Newton Motion shaft product line, which represents the Company’s primary revenue source.

The Company maintains relationships with professional golfers and other industry personalities who use or promote their products in professional competitions and other public settings. In some cases, the Company enters into agreements that provide compensation in exchange for name, image, and likeness rights associated with athletes or influencers who promote the Company’s products.

The Company also employs representatives who attend professional golf tournaments and industry events to support professional players, club fitters, and retailers who use the Company’s products. In addition, the Company sponsors various golf-related events, including competitions such as the World Long Drive Championship and charitable golf tournaments, which help increase visibility of the Newton brand among golfers, industry participants, and consumers.

Competition

The golf equipment industry is highly competitive. Companies compete based on product performance, technology, brand recognition, pricing, customer service, and relationships with professional golfers, club fitters, and retailers.

In the golf shaft category, the Company competes with manufacturers including Fujikura Ltd., Mitsubishi Chemical Group Corporation, Graphite Design Inc., Nippon Shaft Co., Ltd., and Paderson Kinetixx, among others. Competition in the premium shaft market is driven in part by technological innovation, performance characteristics, and adoption by professional golfers and club fitting professionals. The Company believes that its technology-driven shaft designs and relationships within the professional club fitting community position it to compete within the premium performance shaft segment of the market. The premium golf shaft market includes a number of specialized manufacturers, and the Company competes within this segment through product innovation and performance-focused design.

In the putter category, the Company’s Newton Gravity putters compete with products offered by major golf equipment manufacturers, including Callaway Golf Company, TaylorMade Golf Company, Ping Inc., and brands owned by Acushnet Holdings Corp., such as Scotty Cameron and Titleist.

Many of these competitors have been in business significantly longer than the Company and have substantially greater financial, technical, marketing, and distribution resources.

The Company believes its technology-driven shaft design, domestic manufacturing capabilities, and focus on applied physics differentiate Newton from many traditional golf equipment manufacturers that primarily compete through brand marketing and incremental product changes.

Intellectual Property

The Company’s intellectual property portfolio includes patents, trademarks, proprietary manufacturing processes, and other intellectual property rights related to its golf equipment technologies and product designs.

The Company seeks to protect its intellectual property through a combination of patent registrations, trademark registrations, trade secret protections, and contractual arrangements. The Company also maintains proprietary manufacturing processes and design methodologies that it believes provide competitive advantages in the development and production of its golf equipment products.

Certain aspects of the Company’s composite shaft technologies, including manufacturing techniques, material configurations, and design methodologies, are maintained as proprietary trade secrets rather than patented technologies in order to preserve confidentiality.

Patents generally remain in effect for up to 20 years from the filing date of the patent application, subject to maintenance requirements. Trademarks may remain in effect indefinitely provided that they continue to be used in commerce and applicable renewal requirements are satisfied.

Patents

The Company holds a number of issued patents and patent rights relating to golf equipment technologies and product designs. These patents primarily relate to certain putter technologies, including weight distribution features and clubhead components.

The Company currently holds the following U.S. patents:

• US D874589 S (Series 18 design patent)
• US D874592 S (Series 54 design patent)
• US D867494 S (Series 39 design patent)
• US 11,123,614 B2 (Magnesium Golf Clubhead Insert)

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The Company also holds intellectual property rights relating to its Ultra-Low Balance Point technology, which is protected through patents and patent applications in multiple jurisdictions, including the U.S., Australia, Canada, China, Europe, Japan, South Korea, and South Africa.,

The Ultra-Low Balance Point patent rights described above were licensed to the Company by Parcks Designs, LLC on July 24, 2018. The license granted to the Company is perpetual, worldwide, royalty-free, and exclusive aside from one additional licensee.

The principals of Parcks Designs, LLC include Steve Sacks and Richard Parente.

On May 25, 2022, the Company and Parcks Designs entered into a consulting agreement under which Parcks Designs provides club and shaft testing and analysis, putter head design consulting, and related technical services. Consulting fees under this agreement were initially nominal and increased to $2,000 per month beginning June 1, 2024.

On August 7, 2018, Richard E. Parente and Steve Sacks assigned to the Company the entire worldwide right, title, and interest in and to intellectual property relating to the Quad Weighted Lightweight Putter design.

Confidential Information and Trade Secrets

The Company relies in part on confidential information and trade secrets, including proprietary manufacturing processes, product design methodologies, engineering know-how, and other technical information. The Company seeks to protect this proprietary information through a combination of contractual obligations and internal policies.

Employees generally enter into confidentiality agreements with the Company, and confidentiality provisions are included in certain consulting and supplier agreements when those parties may have access to proprietary information. The Company also maintains internal procedures designed to safeguard confidential information and trade secrets.

Certain aspects of the Company’s composite shaft technologies, including manufacturing techniques, material configurations, and design methodologies, are maintained as proprietary trade secrets rather than patented technologies in order to preserve confidentiality.

Trademarks

The Company owns various trademarks and service marks used in connection with its golf equipment products and branding. These trademarks are registered in the United States and certain international jurisdictions.

• USPTO Reg. No. 5,783,037 (Veni Vidi Vici)
• USPTO Reg No. 5,822,719 (Sacks Parente)
• South Korea Reg. No. 40-1820381 (Sacks Parente)

The Company also uses various trademarks, trade names, and brand identifiers in connection with its products and marketing activities. These include marks associated with the Company’s Newton-branded golf equipment products. The Company may seek trademark protection for certain of these marks in the United States and other jurisdictions where appropriate.

Trademark rights may continue indefinitely as long as the marks remain in use and registrations are properly maintained.

Domain names and Online Presence

The Company owns and maintains various domain names and online properties used in connection with its websites, investor relations communications, and marketing activities, including www.newtongolf.com (http://www.newtongolf.com). The Company also maintains official social media accounts used to communicate with customers, investors, and the broader golf community.

Government Regulation

Our operations are subject to various federal, state, local, and foreign laws and regulations applicable to businesses engaged in the design, manufacture, marketing, and distribution of consumer sporting goods.

Our golf equipment products are generally designed to conform to the Rules of Golf as established by the USGA and the R&A, the governing bodies responsible for equipment standards used in competitive play. Although conformity with these rules is not legally required, most golf equipment manufacturers design products to meet these standards because non-conforming equipment may be restricted from use in sanctioned competitions.

In addition, we are subject to laws and regulations relating to product safety, consumer protection, workplace health and safety, environmental compliance, import and export controls, and other similar regulatory requirements. These laws include, among others, environmental regulations governing the handling and disposal of certain materials used in manufacturing processes and workplace safety requirements administered by federal and state agencies.

Our operations are also subject to laws addressing anti-corruption and anti-bribery matters, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”), particularly with respect to our international operations and relationships with distributors and other business partners.

We are subject to various data protection, privacy, and cybersecurity laws and regulations applicable to companies that maintain websites, conduct e-commerce activities, and process personal information. These laws include, among others, U.S. federal and state privacy laws such as the California Consumer Privacy Act, as amended by the California Privacy Rights Act, as well as other emerging state privacy regimes, and may also include international data protection laws to the extent we engage with customers outside the United States.

While we primarily rely on third-party service providers, including e-commerce platforms and payment processors such as Shopify, Amazon, and Fortis, to process payment transactions and related sensitive financial information, we collect and maintain certain personal information from customers, including names, email addresses, shipping addresses, and related order information. As a result, we remain subject to applicable privacy, data security, and breach notification requirements.

Compliance with these laws and regulations may require us to implement and maintain administrative, technical, and organizational safeguards, as well as policies and procedures relating to data collection, use, retention, and security. These requirements may increase our compliance costs and operational complexity, and any failure or perceived failure to comply with applicable data protection and privacy laws could result in regulatory investigations, fines, litigation, reputational harm, and loss of customer trust.

We believe we are in material compliance with applicable laws and regulations governing our operations. However, changes in laws, regulations, or their interpretation could require modifications to our business practices and may increase our compliance costs in the future.

Environmental Matters

The Company is subject to federal, state, and local environmental laws and regulations that impose requirements related to the discharge of pollutants into the environment and establish standards for the handling, generation, emission, release, discharge, treatment, storage, and disposal of certain materials, substances, and wastes, as well as the remediation of environmental contamination (collectively, “Environmental Laws”).

In the ordinary course of its manufacturing and product assembly processes, the Company uses paints, coatings, chemical solvents, and other materials and generates waste by-products that are subject to these Environmental Laws.

The Company maintains environmental and safety programs at its facilities designed to support compliance with applicable Environmental Laws. These programs include obtaining required environmental permits, managing and disposing of waste materials in accordance with regulatory requirements, tracking hazardous waste generation and disposal, monitoring air emissions and stormwater management practices, maintaining material safety data records, and conducting internal compliance reviews.

The Company believes it is in material compliance with applicable Environmental Laws. Compliance with these laws has not had a material adverse effect on the Company’s capital expenditures, earnings, or competitive position, although future changes in environmental regulations could require additional compliance efforts or expenditures.

Employees

As of December 31, 2025, the Company employed 38 full-time employees and 1 part-time employee and engaged 7 consultants. We may hire additional personnel from time to time to support operational needs and anticipated growth. None of our employees are represented by a labor union, and we have not experienced any work stoppages. We believe our relations with our employees are good.

Available Information

The Company maintains a website at www.newtongolf.com (http://www.newtongolf.com). The information contained on, or accessible through, the Company’s website is not incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K and should not be considered part of this report.

The Company makes available, free of charge, on or through its website certain reports and amendments to those reports that it files with or furnishes to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). These include the Company’s Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, proxy and information statements, and any amendments to those reports or statements. These materials are made available on the Company’s website as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC.

In addition, the Company routinely posts on the “Investors” section of its website news releases, announcements, and other information about the Company’s business and results of operations, some of which may be considered material information for investors. Accordingly, the Company encourages investors to monitor the Investors section of its website for important information about the Company.

The SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy statements, information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. These materials are available at www.sec.gov (http://www.sec.gov).

An investment in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below, together with all other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including our financial statements and related notes, before making an investment decision.

The risks and uncertainties described below are those that we currently believe are material to our business. If any of these risks occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected. In that event, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and investors could lose all or part of their investment.

The risks described below are not the only risks we face. Additional risks and uncertainties that are not currently known to us or that we currently consider to be immaterial may also materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

Risks Related to Our Industry and Business

Our independent auditor has expressed substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

We have experienced recurring operating losses and negative operating cash flows since our inception, and we may not be able to generate sufficient funds from our future operations to meet our cash flow requirements. Our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon our ability to obtain necessary debt or equity financing to continue operations until we begin generating positive cash flow. No assurance can be given that any future financing will be available to us or, if available, that it will be on terms that are satisfactory to us. Even if we are able to obtain additional financing, it may contain undue restrictions on our operations, in the case of debt financing, or cause substantial dilution for our stockholders, in the case of equity financing.

A reduction in the number of rounds of golf played or in the number of golf participants could adversely affect sales.

We currently generate our revenue from the sale of golf shafts, golf putters, golf grips and related gear. The demand for golf-related products in general, as well as the demand for golf-related soft goods, is directly related to the number of golf participants and the number of rounds of golf being played by these participants. If golf participation decreases or the number of rounds of golf played decreases, sales of our products may be adversely affected. In the future, the overall dollar volume of the market for golf-related products may not grow or may decline.

In addition, the demand for golf products is directly related to the popularity of magazines, cable channels and other media dedicated to golf, television coverage of golf tournaments and attendance at golf events. We depend on the exposure of our products through advertising and the media or at golf tournaments and events. Any significant reduction in television coverage of, or attendance at, golf tournaments and events or any significant reduction in the popularity of golf magazines or golf television channels, could reduce the visibility of our brand and could adversely affect sales.

We may have limited opportunities for future growth in sales of golf products.

In order for us to significantly grow sales of golf putters or golf shafts, we must either increase our share of the market for golf putters or golf shafts, develop markets in geographic regions historically underrepresented by our products, or the overall market for golf equipment or golf shafts must grow. We currently have no significant share of worldwide sales of golf equipment and golf shafts, and the golf industry is very competitive. As such, gaining market share quickly or at all is difficult. Therefore, opportunities for additional market share may be limited given the challenging competitive nature of the golf industry, and the overall dollar volume of worldwide sales of golf equipment or golf shafts may not grow or may decline.

We are in the early stages of scaling our business, and our growth strategy may not be successful.

We are in the early stages of scaling our operations, including expanding manufacturing capacity, increasing marketing activities, and growing our distribution channels. Our future success depends on our ability to manage growth effectively while maintaining product quality, operational efficiency, and customer satisfaction.

Rapid growth may place significant demands on our management, operational, and financial resources. We may encounter difficulties in expanding production capacity, hiring and retaining qualified personnel, managing supply chains, or maintaining effective internal controls as our business grows.

If we are unable to successfully manage these challenges, our growth strategy may not be successful, and our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

We may face increased labor costs or labor shortages that could slow growth and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Labor is a primary component in the cost of operating our business. If we face labor shortages or increased labor costs because of inflation, increased competition for employees, higher employee turnover rates, increases in the federally-mandated or state-mandated minimum wage, changes in exempt and non-exempt status, the impact of pandemics, or other employee benefits costs (including costs associated with health insurance coverage or workers’ compensation insurance), our operating expenses could increase and our growth could be adversely affected. With specific regard to recent inflationary pressures, we have seen some increases in material costs for various metals and carbon fiber, and costs associated with shipping and receiving goods. We may see additional pressure on labor costs, both inside the Company and from suppliers as they face these same issues.

Furthermore, the successful operation of our business depends upon the ability to attract, motivate and retain a sufficient number of qualified executives, managers and skilled employees. From time to time, there may be a shortage of skilled labor in certain of the communities in which we operate. Shortages of skilled labor may make it increasingly difficult and expensive to attract, train and retain the services of a satisfactory number of qualified employees, which could disrupt the ability to get product to market, to produce products, to acquire suitable companies or partners and adversely impact some or all of our operations and our profitability. Furthermore, competition for qualified employees, particularly in markets where such shortages exist, could require us to pay higher wages, which could result in higher labor costs. Companies in the golf industry have also historically experienced relatively high turnover rates, which may also result in higher labor costs. Accordingly, if we are unable to recruit and retain sufficiently qualified individuals, our business, results of operations, financial condition and growth prospects could be materially and adversely affected.

In addition, immigration reform continues to attract significant attention in the public arena and the U.S. Congress. If new immigration legislation is enacted, such laws may contain provisions that could increase our costs in recruiting, training and retaining employees, which could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

Unfavorable economic conditions, including due to future pandemics, inflation, tariffs, geopolitical conflicts or otherwise, could have a negative impact on consumer discretionary spending and therefore negatively impact our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

Our products are recreational in nature and are therefore discretionary purchases for consumers. Consumers are generally more willing to make discretionary purchases of golf products and to spend on leisure and out-of-home entertainment during favorable economic conditions and when consumers are feeling confident and prosperous. Any actual or perceived deterioration or weakness in general, regional or local economic conditions, unemployment levels, the job or housing markets, consumer debt levels or consumer confidence, as well as other adverse economic or market conditions due to a pandemic, inflation, tariffs, geopolitical conflicts or otherwise may lead to customers having less discretionary income to spend on entertainment and recreational activities, and may result in significant fluctuations and spending patterns year to year. Discretionary spending is also affected by many other factors, including general business conditions, interest rates, the availability of consumer credit, taxes and consumer confidence in future economic conditions. Purchases of our products and services could decline during periods when disposable income is lower, or during periods of actual or perceived unfavorable economic conditions. A significant or prolonged decline in general economic conditions or uncertainties regarding future economic prospects that adversely affect consumer discretionary spending, whether in the United States or in our international markets, could result in reduced sales of our products, which in turn would have a negative impact on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

A severe or prolonged economic downturn could adversely affect our wholesale customers’ financial condition, their levels of business activity and their ability to pay trade obligations.

We primarily sell our products to consumers online, through retailers and wholesalers, and through certain other outlets, like golf fitters. We perform credit evaluations of larger distribution customers’ financial condition and generally require no collateral from these customers. However, a severe or prolonged downturn in the general economy could adversely affect the retail market which in turn, would negatively impact the liquidity and cash flows of these distribution customers, including the ability of such customers to obtain credit to finance purchases of our products and to pay their trade obligations. This could result in increased delinquent or uncollectible accounts for some of our customers. A failure by these customers to pay on a timely basis a significant portion of outstanding account receivable balances would adversely impact our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

We face intense competition in all of our markets, and if we are unable to compete effectively, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and growth prospects.

Our golf shaft products, golf putting instruments, grips and other products exist in a highly competitive marketplace that is served by a number of well-established and well-financed companies with recognized brand names. In particular four major competitors enjoy the majority of U.S. market share in golf.

With respect to golf equipment sales, new product introductions, price reductions, consignment sales, extended payment terms, “close outs”, tour and advertising spending by competitors continues to generate intense market competition. Furthermore, downward pressure on pricing in the market for products like ours could have a significant adverse effect on our business.

With respect to golf shaft sales, our competitors do incur significant costs in the areas of advertising, tour and other promotional support. To be competitive, we believe we also will need to incur significant expenses in tour, advertising and promotional support. In addition, we have invested, and may continue to invest in the future, significant capital into upgrades in our manufacturing and assembly facilities, including our golf shaft manufacturing facility in St. Joseph, Missouri, to maintain what we believe to be our technological and competitive advantage. Unless there is a change in competitive conditions, these competitive pressures and increased costs could adversely affect our results of operations and financial position.

If we are unable to successfully manage the introduction of new products that perform and satisfy changing consumer preferences, it could significantly and adversely impact financial performance and prospects for future growth.

Our golf products, like those of our competitors, generally have a life cycle. Depending on the product, it is considered typical within the industry that revenue from a new product rises and peaks within a three-year period, with sales occurring at a higher rate in the first two years than in the third. Factors driving a product life cycle include the rapid introduction of competitive products, consumer demands for the latest technology or a professional who uses the product and is victorious in a major tournament. In this marketplace, it is reasonable to assume our annual revenues can be affected each year by the introduction of new products, those that are in their first two years of the product life cycle, and successful professional use.

These marketplace conditions raise a number of issues that we must successfully manage. For example, we must properly anticipate consumer preferences and design products that meet those preferences while also complying with restrictions imposed on golf equipment by the Rules of Golf (see further discussion of the Rules of Golf below) or our new products will not achieve sufficient market success to compensate for the usual decline in sales experienced by products already in the market. Second, our research and development, third-party design and prototyping services and external suppliers will face constant pressures to design, develop, source and supply new products that perform better than their predecessors, many of which incorporate new or otherwise untested technology, suppliers or materials. Third, for new products to generate equivalent or greater revenues than their predecessors, they must either maintain the same or higher sales levels with the same or higher pricing, or exceed the performance of their predecessors in one or both of those areas. Fourth, the relatively short window of opportunity for launching and selling new products requires great precision in forecasting demand and assuring that supplies are ready and delivered during the critical selling periods.

Finally, the rapid changeover in products creates a need to monitor and manage the closeout of older products both at retail and in our own inventory. Should we not successfully manage the frequent introduction of new products that satisfy consumer demand, our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows could be significantly adversely affected.

Our revenue could become concentrated among a limited number of customers, and the loss of a significant customer could adversely affect our business.

For the year ended December 31, 2025, no individual customer accounted for more than 10% of our consolidated revenue. However, our golf equipment, golf gear, and other related products are sold through distributors, retailers, club fitters, and other channel partners, and our revenue may become concentrated among a limited number of customers in the future.

If one or more significant customers were to reduce, delay, or discontinue purchases of our products, experience financial difficulties, or otherwise terminate their relationship with us, and we were unable to replace that business in a timely manner, our revenue, financial condition, and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

Our business depends on a strong brand and related reputation, and if we are not able to build, maintain and enhance our brand or build a strong reputation, our sales may be adversely affected.

Our success depends in part on our ability to build, maintain, and enhance a brand image and reputation. Maintaining, promoting and enhancing our brand may require us to make substantial investments in areas such as product innovation, product quality, intellectual property protection, marketing and employee training, and these investments may not have the desired impact on our brand image and reputation. Our business could be adversely impacted if we fail to achieve any of these objectives or if the brand reputation or image of any of our products is tarnished or receives negative publicity.

In addition, adverse publicity about regulatory or legal action against us could damage our reputation and brand image, undermine consumer confidence and reduce demand for our products, even if the regulatory or legal action is unfounded or not material to our operations. Also, as we seek to grow our presence in existing, and expand into new, geographic or product markets, consumers in these markets may not accept our brand image and may not be willing to pay a premium to purchase our products as compared to other brands. We anticipate as we continue to grow our presence in existing markets and expansion into new markets, further developing our brand may become increasingly difficult and expensive. If we are unable to maintain or further develop the image of our brand, it could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, there has been a marked increase in the use of social media platforms and other forms of internet-based communications that provide individuals and businesses with access to a broad audience of consumers and other interested persons. The availability of information on social media platforms is virtually immediate, as is its potential impact to affected individuals and businesses. Many social media platforms immediately publish the content posted by their subscribers and participants, often without filters or checks on the accuracy of the content posted. Accordingly, the use of social media by customers or other third parties could create negative publicity, damage our brand or our reputation and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our ability to grow our business depends in part on the effectiveness of our marketing and digital advertising strategies.

We rely on various marketing channels, including digital advertising, social media platforms, search engines, influencer marketing, and other promotional activities to generate consumer awareness and demand for our products. The effectiveness of these marketing efforts may fluctuate due to changes in advertising costs, platform algorithms, privacy regulations, or consumer preferences.

Increased competition for online advertising placements or changes to advertising platform policies may increase the cost of customer acquisition or reduce the effectiveness of our marketing campaigns. In addition, negative publicity or unfavorable commentary about our brand on social media or other online platforms could adversely affect consumer perception of our products.

If our marketing efforts are not effective or become significantly more expensive, our ability to acquire new customers and grow revenue could be adversely affected.

International political instability and terrorist activities may decrease demand for our products and disrupt our business.

Terrorist activities and armed conflicts, such as in Ukraine and the Middle East, including escalation of hostilities arising out of any global conflict, could have an adverse effect on the United States or worldwide economy and could decrease demand for our products as consumers’ attention and interests are diverted from golf and become focused on issues relating to these events. If such events disrupt domestic or international air, ground or sea shipments, or the operation of our manufacturing facilities, our ability to obtain the materials and components necessary to manufacture products and to deliver customer orders would be harmed, which would have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. Such events can also negatively impact tourism, which could adversely affect our sales to retailers at resorts and other vacation destinations. In addition, the occurrence of political instability and/or terrorist activities generally restricts travel to and from the affected areas, making it more difficult in general to manage our international relationships and operations. In particular, escalating political tensions could adversely impact macroeconomic conditions, give rise to regional instability and result in heightened economic sanctions from the U.S. and the international community in a manner that adversely affects our business.

Consolidation of retailers or concentration of retail market share among a few retailers may increase and concentrate our credit risk, put pressure on our margins and impair our ability to sell products.

The sporting goods and off-course golf equipment retail markets in some countries, including the United States, are dominated by a few large retailers. Certain of these retailers have in the past increased their market share and may continue to do so in the future by expanding through acquisitions and construction of additional stores. Future industry consolidation and correction is possible. These situations may result in a concentration of our credit risk with respect to our sales to such retailers, and, if any of these retailers were to experience a shortage of liquidity or other financial difficulties, or file for bankruptcy or receivership protection, it would increase the risk that their outstanding payables to us may not be paid. This consolidation may also result in larger retailers gaining increased leverage, which may impact our margins. In addition, increasing market share concentration among one or a few retailers in a particular country or region increases the risk that if any one of them substantially reduces their purchases of our products, we may be unable to find a sufficient number of other retail outlets for our products to sustain the same level of sales. Any reduction in sales by our retailers could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Demographic factors may affect the number of golf participants and related spending on our products.

Golf is a recreational activity that requires both time and financial resources, and different generations and socioeconomic and ethnic groups use their leisure time and discretionary funds in different ways. Golf participation among younger generations and certain socioeconomic and ethnic groups may not prove to be as popular as it is among older generations. A decline in golf participation or the number of rounds of golf played due to factors such as demographic changes or lack of interest in the sport among young people or certain socioeconomic and ethnic groups could reduce sales of our products and materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our business could be harmed by the occurrence of natural disasters, pandemic diseases, or other emergencies.

The occurrence of a natural disaster, such as an earthquake, tornado, tsunami, fire, flood or hurricane, or the further outbreak of a pandemic disease, could significantly adversely affect our business. A natural disaster or a pandemic disease could significantly adversely affect the demand for our products, our ability to manufacture our products, as well as the supply of the components and materials used to make our products. Demand for golf products also could be negatively affected as consumers in the affected regions restrict their recreational activities and as tourism to those areas declines. If our suppliers experienced a significant disruption in their business as a result of a natural disaster or other emergency, our ability to obtain the necessary components to make our products could be significantly adversely affected. In addition, the occurrence of a natural disaster or the outbreak of a pandemic disease generally restricts travel to and from the affected areas, making it more difficult in general to manage operations.

Our business and operating results are subject to seasonal fluctuations, which could result in fluctuations in our operating results and stock price.

Our business, and the golf industry in general, is subject to both seasonal and non-seasonal fluctuations. In the golf equipment business, first-quarter sales may generally represent sales of products online and to certain golf retail channels for the new golf season. Our second and third-quarter sales may generally represent sales online and reorder business for our products. Sales of products during the second and third quarters may be significantly affected not only by the sell-through of our products that were sold into the channel during the first quarter but also by the sell-through of products by our competitors. Retailers can be reluctant to reorder our products in significant quantities if they already have excess inventory of our products or our competitors. Our sales during the fourth quarter may be generally less than those of the other quarters because in many of our key regions fewer people are playing golf during that time of year due to cold weather. Furthermore, we generally announce new golf product lines in the fourth quarter to allow retailers to plan for the new golf season. Such early announcements of new products could cause golfers, and therefore our customers, to defer purchasing additional golf equipment until our new products are available. Such deferments could have a material adverse effect on sales of current products or result in closeout sales at reduced prices.

In addition, due to the seasonality of our business, our business can be significantly adversely affected by unusual or severe weather conditions. Unfavorable weather conditions generally result in fewer golf rounds played, which generally results in reduced demand for all golf products. Furthermore, catastrophic storms can negatively affect golf rounds played both during the storms and afterward, as storm damaged golf courses are repaired and golfers focus on repairing damage to their homes, businesses and communities.

Changes in equipment standards under applicable Rules of Golf could adversely affect our business.

We seek to have all our shafts, putting instruments, and grips meet the standards published by the USGA and the R&A in the Rules of Golf because these standards are generally followed by golfers, both professional and amateur, within their respective jurisdictions. The USGA publishes rules that are generally followed in the United States, Canada and Mexico, and the R&A publishes rules that are generally followed in most other countries throughout the world. However, the Rules of Golf as published by the R&A and the USGA are virtually the same and are intended to be so pursuant to a Joint Statement of Principles issued in 2001.

In the future, existing USGA and/or R&A standards may be altered in ways that adversely affect the sales of our current or future products. If a change in rules were adopted and caused one or more of our current or future products to be nonconforming, our sales of such products would be adversely affected.

Our sales and business could be materially and adversely affected if professional athletes, celebrities and other endorsers do not endorse or use our products.

We have and intend in the future to establish relationships with professional athletes, celebrities and other endorsers in order to evaluate and promote our branded products. We have currently and intend in the future to enter into endorsement arrangements with members of the world’s various professional tours. These tours are known as the PGA Champions Tour, the PGA Tour, the LPGA Tour, the PGA European Tour, the Japan Golf Tour, the Korn Ferry Tour, the Epson Tour, and The PGA Latin America Tour. We also expect to enter into endorsements with celebrities to promote our brand. While most endorsers fulfill their contractual obligations without issue, some have been known to stop using a sponsor’s products despite contractual commitments. If certain of our endorsers were to stop using our products contrary to their endorsement agreements, or if any such endorser is or becomes the subject of negative publicity, our business could be adversely affected in a material way by the negative publicity or lack of endorsement.

We believe that professional usage of our golf shafts, golf putting instruments, and golf grips contributes to retail sales. We therefore spend a significant amount of money to secure professional usage of our products. Many other companies, however, also aggressively seek the patronage of these professionals and offer many inducements, including significant cash incentives and specially designed products. There is a great deal of competition to secure the representation of tour professionals. As a result, it is expensive to attract and retain such tour professionals. The inducements offered by other companies could result in a decrease in usage of our products by professional golfers or limit our ability to attract other tour professionals. A decline or refusal of use by professional players of our products, or a significant increase in the cost to attract or retain endorsers, could have a material adverse effect on our sales and our business.

Any significant changes in U.S. trade or other policies that block or restrict imports or increase import tariffs could have a material adverse effect on results of operations.

Although the majority of our products are sourced or manufactured in the United States, certain components used in our products, including grips and shaft adapters, are sourced from suppliers in China. In addition, certain manufacturing equipment used in our operations, particularly equipment required to expand production capacity, may also be sourced from China.

Changes in U.S. trade policies, including the imposition or expansion of tariffs or other restrictions on imports from China or other countries, could increase the cost of these components or manufacturing equipment or disrupt their availability. If we are unable to offset such cost increases or supply disruptions through pricing adjustments, alternative sourcing, or operational efficiencies, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected. Although international sales currently represent less than 1% of our total revenue, changes in international trade policies could affect our ability to expand into international markets in the future.

Our current senior management team and other key executives are critical to our success, and the loss of, and failure to adequately replace, any individual executive, or manager, could significantly harm our business.

Our ability to build and maintain a competitive position is dependent to a large degree on the efforts and skills of the senior officers, and certain key managers. Our executives are experienced and highly qualified with strong reputations in their industries, and we believe our management team enables us to pursue our strategic goals. The success of our business is dependent upon the management and leadership skills of our senior management team and other key personnel. Certain key personnel may not be easily replaced, and may have knowledge in processes, manufacturing techniques, materials science, etc. where the loss of such a person, or persons, may limit our ability to achieve our strategic goals. Competition for these employees and their individuals’ talents is intense, and we may not be able to attract and retain a sufficient number of qualified personnel in the future. The loss of one or more of these senior officers could have a material adverse effect on our business and ability to achieve our strategic goals.

Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property

Failure to adequately enforce our intellectual property rights could adversely affect our reputation and sales.

The golf industry, in general, has been characterized by widespread imitation of designs, or technological improvements. We have an active program of monitoring, investigating and enforcing our proprietary rights against companies and individuals who market or manufacture counterfeits and “knockoff” products or copy intellectual property. We will assert our rights against infringers of our patents, copyrights, trademarks and trade dress. However, these efforts may not be successful in reducing sales of golf products by these infringers. Additionally, other golf club manufacturers may be able to produce successful golf clubs which imitate our designs without infringing any of our copyrights, patents, trademarks or trade dress.

We may become subject to intellectual property claims or lawsuits that could cause us to incur significant costs or pay significant damages or that could prohibit us from selling our products.

Competitors in the golf equipment industry seek to obtain patent, trademark, copyright or other protection of their proprietary rights and designs for golf equipment, golf shafts and other products as do we. From time to time, third parties have claimed or may claim in the future that our products infringe upon their proprietary rights. We have evaluated and would evaluate any such claims and, where appropriate, would seek to obtain licenses or other business arrangements. To date, there have been no interruptions in our business as a result of any claims of infringement, and we do not believe that we materially infringe the intellectual property rights of third parties. However, in the future, intellectual property claims could force us to alter existing products or withdraw them from the market or could delay the introduction of new products.

Various patents have been issued to our competitors in the golf industry, and these competitors may assert that our golf products infringe their patent or other proprietary rights. If our golf products were found to infringe third-party intellectual property rights, we may be unable to obtain a license to use such technology, and it could incur substantial costs to redesign products, withdraw them from the market, and/or to defend legal actions.

Risks Related to Operations, Manufacturing, and Technology

We are exposed to risks associated with doing business globally and manufacturing in the U.S.

Currently we sell and distribute products in markets around the world, such as the Americas, Asia and Europe. These activities have and will continue to result in investments in inventory, accounts receivable, employees, corporate infrastructure and manufacturing facilities. There are a limited number of suppliers that manufacture components in the United States, and we are dependent on these suppliers and vendors. We have some components provided by vendors located outside of the United States and if these components were unavailable, it could have a materially adverse effect on our operations, financial performance and condition. The operation of foreign distribution in our international markets, as well as our management of relationships with international suppliers and vendors, will require the dedication of our management and other Company resources. We currently assemble all of our products and manufacture some of our products in the United States.

As a result of our international business, we are exposed to increased risks inherent in conducting business outside of the United States. These risks include the following:

• Adverse changes in foreign currency exchange rates can have a significant effect upon our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows;
• Increased difficulty in protecting our intellectual property rights and trade secrets;
• Unexpected government action or changes in legal or regulatory requirements;
• Social, economic or political instability;
• The effects of any anti-American sentiments on our brand or sales of our products;
• Increased difficulty in ensuring compliance by employees, agents and contractors with our policies as well as with the laws of multiple jurisdictions, including but not limited to the FCPA, international environmental, health and safety laws, and increasingly complex regulations relating to the conduct of international commerce, including import/export laws and regulations, economic sanctions laws and regulations and trade controls, including tariffs;
• changes in international labor costs and other costs of doing business internationally;
• Increased difficulty in controlling and monitoring foreign vendor operations from the United States, including increased difficulty in identifying and recruiting qualified personnel for our foreign operations; and
• Increased exposure to interruptions in land based, air carrier or ocean shipping services.

Any significant adverse change in these and other circumstances or conditions relating to international operations could have a significant adverse effect on our operations, financial performance and condition.

We have international sales and international supply chains where unfavorable changes in foreign currency exchange rates could have a significant negative impact on our results of operations.

A portion of our component inventory purchases and a portion of our sales come from international markets. As a result, we will conduct transactions in various currencies worldwide. We expect international business, and the number of transactions that we will conduct in foreign currencies, to become significant. Conducting business in such currencies exposes us to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates relative to the U.S. dollar.

Our financial results are reported in U.S. dollars, and as a result, transactions conducted in foreign currencies must be translated into U.S. dollars for reporting purposes based upon the applicable foreign currency exchange rates. Fluctuations in these foreign currency exchange rates therefore may positively or negatively affect our reported financial results and can significantly affect period-over-period comparisons.

The effect of the translation of foreign currencies on our financial results could be significant. We therefore may engage in hedging activities to mitigate the annual impact of the translation of foreign currencies on our financial results. These hedging activities may reduce, but will not eliminate, the effects of foreign currency fluctuations. The extent to which our hedging activities mitigate the effects of foreign currency translation varies based upon many factors, including the number of transactions being hedged. Other factors that could affect the effectiveness of our hedging activities include accuracy of sales forecasts, volatility of currency markets and the availability of hedging instruments. Since the hedging activities are designed to reduce volatility, they not only reduce the negative impact of a stronger U.S. dollar but also reduce the positive impact of a weaker U.S. dollar. Our future financial results could be significantly affected by the value of the U.S. dollar in relation to the foreign currencies in which we conduct business.

Foreign currency fluctuations may also affect the prices at which products are sold in international markets. Therefore, we adjust pricing based in part upon fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. Significant unanticipated changes in foreign currency exchange rates make it more difficult for us to manage pricing in international markets. If we are unable to adjust pricing in a timely manner to counteract the effects of foreign currency fluctuations, our pricing may not be competitive in the marketplace and our financial results in international markets could be adversely affected.

Any difficulties from strategic acquisitions or strategic partnerships we pursue or consummate could adversely affect business, financial condition and our results of operations.

We may acquire companies, businesses and products or product lines that complement or augment our existing business or planned growth markets. Integrating any newly acquired business, or partnership, is typically expensive and time-consuming. Integration efforts often take a significant amount of time, place a significant strain on managerial, operational and financial resources and could prove to be more difficult or expensive than predicted. The diversion of management’s attention and any delay or difficulties encountered in connection with any such acquisitions could result in the disruption of ongoing business or inconsistencies in standards and controls that could negatively affect our ability to maintain third-party relationships. Moreover, we may need to raise additional funds through public or private debt or equity financing, or issue additional shares, to continue operating the business, which may result in dilution for stockholders or the incurrence of indebtedness.

As part of our efforts to acquire companies, businesses or products or to enter into other significant transactions, we intend to conduct business, legal and financial due diligence with the goal of identifying and evaluating material risks involved in such transactions. Despite our efforts, we ultimately may be unsuccessful in ascertaining or evaluating all such risks and, as a result, might not realize the intended advantages of the transaction. If we fail to realize the expected benefits from a transaction, whether as a result of unidentified risks, integration difficulties, complexities associated with managing the combined business, performance shortfalls at one or both of the companies as a result of the diversion of management’s attention caused by completing the transaction and integrating the companies’ operations, litigation with current or former employees and other events, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

If we inaccurately forecast demand for our products, we may manufacture either insufficient or excess quantities, which, in either case, could adversely affect our financial performance.

We plan our manufacturing capacity based upon forecasted demand for our products. Forecasting demand for our products is very difficult given the manufacturing lead times and the number of specifications involved. For example, we must forecast how many putting instruments we will sell, but also (1) the quantity of each model, (2) the quantity of the different components in each model, and (3) for each model, the style of grip, the number of left-handed and right-handed versions, and the style of shaft and hosel type. The nature of our business allows for some control over our manufacturing capacity if actual demand for a product or products exceed or are less than forecasted demand. However, if actual demand for a product or products exceeds the forecasted demand, we may not be able to produce sufficient quantities of products in time to fulfill actual demand, which could limit our sales and adversely affect financial performance. On the other hand, if actual demand is less than the forecasted demand for a product or products, we could produce excess quantities, resulting in excess inventories and related obsolescence charges that could adversely affect our financial performance.

If we inaccurately forecast demand or fail to manage inventory effectively, our financial results could be adversely affected.

Our ability to manage inventory effectively depends on accurately forecasting demand for our products and maintaining appropriate production and inventory levels. Because our products are manufactured with multiple specifications and components, including variations in shaft models, flexes, and configurations, forecasting demand is complex.

If we overestimate demand, we may produce excess inventory, which could result in inventory write-downs, discounting, or obsolescence. Conversely, if we underestimate demand, we may be unable to produce sufficient quantities of products in a timely manner to meet customer demand, resulting in lost sales opportunities and damage to customer relationships.

In addition, our inventory balances depend on accurate bills of materials, cost assumptions, and system configurations. Errors in these assumptions or systems could lead to inaccurate inventory valuations, operational inefficiencies, or financial reporting adjustments. Any of these factors could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Our planned international business expansions could adversely affect results if they fail to successfully transition and grow revenue.

As we plan to expand our footprint into Asia, Latin America, and Europe, we could be harmed if we fail to successfully transition the business processes to a larger global scale. Our initial international expansion target is Asia, more specifically Japan, South Korea and other growth areas within the region, and is expected to require significant investment of capital and human resources. Since brick-and-mortar retail stores are still strong in many parts of Asia, the distribution structure and its costs and operations are significantly different from those in the U.S. As we increase the number of distributors, it is likely that the number of retail outlets throughout the region will also increase, in which case we will be required to add staff and devote additional management attention. This international attention by the management team and other employees who would otherwise be solely focused on the core U.S. business creates significant risk. If our globalization efforts fail to produce increases in revenue, or the transition is not managed effectively, we may experience loss of investments or excessive inventories and undue costs that could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We depend on single source or a limited number of suppliers for some of the components of in our products, and the loss of any of these suppliers could harm our business.

We are currently dependent on a limited number of suppliers for CNC milled components and carbon fiber for our shafts, some of which could have limited sourcing options. Furthermore, some of our products require specially developed manufacturing techniques and processes which make it difficult to identify and utilize alternative suppliers quickly. In addition, many of our suppliers may not be well capitalized and prolonged unfavorable economic conditions could increase the risk that they will go out of business. If current suppliers are unable to deliver putter components, materials or other components, or if we are required to transition to other suppliers, we could experience significant production delays or disruption to our business. We also depend on a single or a limited number of suppliers for the materials used to make our golf grips. Many of these materials are designed and customized to our specifications. Any delay or interruption in such supplies could have a material adverse impact on our golf grip or shaft business. If we experience any such delays or interruptions, we may not be able to find adequate alternative suppliers at a reasonable cost or without significant disruption to our business.

A significant disruption in the operations of our assembly and golf shaft manufacturing facilities could have a material adverse effect on our sales, profitability and results of operations.

A significant disruption at any of our assembly or golf shaft manufacturing facilities or distribution centers in the United States or in regions outside the United States could materially and adversely affect our sales, profitability and results of operations. Our manufacturing and assembly facilities or distribution centers may be subject to a number of risks related to computer viruses, the proper operation of software and hardware, electronic or power interruptions, and other system failures. Risks associated with upgrading or expanding these facilities may significantly disrupt or increase the cost of our operations, which may have an immediate, or in some cases prolonged, impact on our margins. Difficulties in implementing new or upgraded technology or operational systems, could disrupt our operations and could materially and adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

A significant portion of our manufacturing operations are concentrated in a single facility, and any disruption to this facility could adversely affect our business.

A significant portion of our manufacturing operations, including the production of our carbon fiber golf shafts and assembly of certain golf products, are conducted at our facility in St. Joseph, Missouri. Because a large portion of our manufacturing capacity is concentrated in this single location, any disruption to operations at this facility could materially affect our ability to manufacture products and fulfill customer orders.

Such disruptions could result from equipment failure, power outages, fires, severe weather events, labor shortages, natural disasters, cybersecurity incidents, supply interruptions, or other unforeseen circumstances. If our manufacturing operations were disrupted for any extended period of time, we could experience delays in fulfilling orders, lost sales, increased operating costs, and damage to customer relationships. Any such disruption could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

A disruption in the service or a significant increase in the cost of our primary delivery and shipping services for our products and component parts or a significant disruption at shipping ports could have a material adverse effect on our business.

We use FedEx Corporation (“FedEx”) and United Parcel Service (“UPS”) for substantially all ground shipments of products to U.S. customers. We have and will continue to consider other carriers for domestic shipments, and we use air carriers, ocean shipping services and the like, for our international shipments of products. Furthermore, many of the components we use to build our putters, including heads and components and carbon fiber for shafts, are shipped to our locations via air carrier and ship services. If there is any significant interruption in service by such providers or at airports or shipping ports, we may be unable to engage alternative suppliers or to receive or ship goods through alternate sites in order to deliver our products, components or materials in a timely and cost-efficient manner. As a result, we could experience manufacturing delays, increased manufacturing and shipping costs and lost sales as a result of missed delivery deadlines and product demand cycles. Any significant interruption in FedEx, UPS or other carrier services, air carrier services, ship services or at airports or shipping ports could have a material adverse effect on our business. Furthermore, if the cost of delivery or shipping services were to increase significantly and the additional costs could not be covered by product pricing, our results of operations and financial position could be materially adversely affected.

The costs and availability of finished products, product components and raw materials could affect our operating results.

The costs and availability of the finished products, product components and raw materials needed in our products can be volatile as a result of numerous factors, including general, domestic, and international economic conditions; labor costs; production levels; competition; consumer demand; import duties; tariffs; and currency exchange rates. In 2025, we have already experienced increases in the cost of specific materials, such as aluminum, brass, stainless/carbon steel, and tungsten. Although these increases have not had a material impact on our results of operations to date, if the current inflationary trend were to continue, it could affect our margins and retail pricing. This volatility could significantly affect the availability and cost of these items for us which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The materials and components that we use, and that are used by our suppliers, involve raw materials, including aluminum, magnesium, stainless steel, carbon steel, synthetic rubbers, thermoplastics, and carbon fiber for the manufacturing of our golf shafts, titanium alloys, and epoxy resins and other materials for the assembly of our golf equipment, can experience significant price fluctuations or shortages. These raw materials or components, including the costs to transport such materials or components, the uncertainty of currency fluctuations against the U.S. dollar, increases in labor rates, trade duties or tariffs, and/or the introduction of new and expensive raw materials, could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, prolonged periods of inflationary pressure on some or all costs may result in increased costs to produce our products that could have an adverse effect on profits from sales of these products, or require us to increase prices for our products that could adversely affect consumer demand for our products.

Some of our components are manufactured outside of the United States, which requires these products to be transported by third parties, sometimes over large geographical distances. Shortages in ocean, land or air shipment capacity and volatile fuel costs can result in rapidly changing transportation costs or an inability to transport products in a timely manner. Similarly, disruption to shipping and transportation channels due to labor disputes could cause us to rely more heavily on alternative modes of transportation to achieve timely delivery to customers, resulting in significantly higher freight costs. Because prices of our products are already seen online, prior to shipment, as changes in transportation and other costs may be difficult to predict, we may not be able to pass all or any portion of these higher costs on to our customers or adjust our pricing structure in a timely manner in order to remain competitive, either of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may be subject to product warranty claims that require the replacement or repair of products sold. Such warranty claims could adversely affect our results of operations and relationships with our customers.

We manufacture and/or distribute a variety of products that have a two-year warranty policy for certain golf equipment. From time to time, such products may contain manufacturing defects or design flaws that are not detected prior to sale, particularly in the case of new product introductions or upon design changes to existing products. The failure to identify and correct manufacturing defects and product design issues prior to the sale of those products could result in product warranty claims that result in costs to replace or repair any such defective products. Because our products are sold to fitters/retailers for broader consumer distribution and/or to customers/distributors who buy in large quantities, there could be significant costs associated with such product warranty claims, including the potential for customer dissatisfaction that may adversely affect our reputation and relationships with customers, which may result in lost or reduced sales.

Our growth initiatives require significant capital investments and there can be no assurance we will realize a positive return on these investments.

Initiatives to drive sales and scale our business will require investment in, for example, technological improvements to our manufacturing or assembly facilities, marketing programs with special displays or unique offerings, or special product limited editions, all involve many risks which could result in, among other things, business interruptions and increased costs, any of which may result in our inability to realize returns on these capital investments. Expansion of business processes or facilities, including a significant expansion or technical upgrades for our golf shaft manufacturing facility in St Joseph, Missouri, all require significant capital investment. If we have insufficient sales or are unable to realize the full potential of our capital investment, it may not realize a positive return on investment, which could impact our margins and have a significant adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

Sales of our products by unauthorized retailers or distributors could adversely affect our authorized distribution channels and harm our reputation.

Some of our products find their way to unauthorized outlets or distribution channels. This “gray market” for our products can undermine authorized retailers and foreign wholesale distributors who promote and support the sales of our products, and can injure our image in the minds of our customers and consumers. While we may have to take lawful steps to limit commerce of our products in the “gray market” in both the United States and abroad, it is unlikely that we could completely stop such commerce. In such case we could incur damage to distributor relationships, which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We rely on research and development, technical innovation and high-quality products to successfully compete.

Technical innovation and quality control in product design and manufacturing processes is essential to our success in the golf industry. Research and development play a key role in technical innovation and our competitive advantage. We rely upon experts in various fields to work with us to develop materials, processes, and components that give our products performance advantages over our competition. We also depend on others who test the performance of our products. If we fail to continue to introduce technical innovation in our products, or if we are unable to effectively utilize new technologies and materials, consumer demand for our products could fail to materialize, or decline, and if we experience problems with the quality of our products, we may incur substantial brand damage and expense to remedy the problems, any of which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We rely on information systems that assist in the management of our manufacturing, inventory, distribution, engineering, sales and other functions. If our information systems were to fail to perform these functions adequately or if we experienced an interruption in operation, including a cybersecurity breach, our business and results of operations could suffer.

All of our major operations, including manufacturing, inventory, distribution, sales and accounting, are dependent upon information systems. All information systems are vulnerable to damage or interruption from:

• Earthquake, fire, flood, hurricane and other natural disasters;
• Power loss, computer systems failure, Internet and telecommunications or data network failure; and
• Hackers, computer viruses, software bugs or glitches.

Any damage or significant disruption in the operation of any of our information systems, the failure of our IT vendors to perform as expected, the failure to successfully integrate the information technology systems of a businesses that we may acquire or any cybersecurity breach to any of our information systems (including financial or credit/payment frauds) would disrupt our business, which may result in decreased sales, increased overhead costs, excess inventory and product shortages and otherwise adversely affect our reputation, operations, financial performance and condition.

We rely in part on e-commerce platforms and online systems to generate sales, and disruptions to these systems could adversely affect our business.

A portion of our revenue is generated through direct-to-consumer sales conducted through our websites and other online platforms. Our e-commerce operations rely on various third-party technology providers for website hosting, payment processing, order management, shipping integrations, and other technology services.

If our websites experience outages, degraded performance, cybersecurity incidents, or other technical disruptions, or if any of our third-party technology providers experience service interruptions or cybersecurity breaches, our ability to accept and process customer orders could be impaired. In addition, changes in pricing, service terms, or the availability of services from these providers could increase our operating costs or disrupt our operations.

Any failure of our e-commerce systems or those of our service providers could result in lost sales, delayed order fulfillment, reputational harm, customer dissatisfaction, and increased operational costs, which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Cyber-attacks, unauthorized access to, or accidental disclosure of, consumer personally-identifiable information that we or our vendors collect through our websites or stores on servers may result in significant expense and negatively impact our reputation and business.

Today there is serious concern and awareness of the security of personal information transmitted over the Internet, consumer identity theft and user privacy. As discussed in Item 1C, Cybersecurity, while we have implemented security measures, our computer systems and those of our third party vendors and their data security systems and services may nevertheless be susceptible to electronic or physical computer break-ins, viruses, fraud, and other disruptions and security compromises involving the loss or unauthorized access of confidential information because technologies used to obtain unauthorized access to or sabotage systems are constantly evolving, change frequently, and generally are not recognized until they are launched against a target. Any perceived or actual unauthorized or inadvertent disclosure of personally-identifiable information, whether through a compromise of our own or our third party vendors’ networks by an unauthorized party, employee theft, misuse or error or otherwise, could harm our reputation, impair our ability to attract website visitors, require us to notify payment processors, compel us to comply with federal and/or state breach notification laws and foreign equivalents, subject us to costly mandatory corrective action, or subject us to claims or litigation arising from damages suffered by consumers, all of which could adversely affect our operations, financial performance and condition.

Artificial intelligence presents risks and challenges that can impact our business including by posing security risks to our confidential information, proprietary information, and personal data.

Issues associated with the development and use of artificial intelligence (“AI”), combined with an uncertain regulatory environment, may result in reputational harm, liability, or other adverse consequences to our business operations. We have adopted and may in the future adopt and integrate generative AI tools into our systems for specific use cases in consultation with our legal and information technology departments. Our vendors may incorporate generative AI into their offerings without disclosing this use to us, and the providers of these generative AI tools may not meet existing or rapidly evolving regulatory or industry standards with respect to privacy and data protection and may inhibit our or our vendors’ ability to maintain an adequate level of service and experience. Although we have implemented policies and procedures intended to mitigate the risks associated with the use of AI and machine learning technologies, users of our network services, technology systems or computing equipment may take actions in violations of those policies. If we, our vendors, or our third-party partners experience an actual or perceived breach of privacy or security incident because of the use of AI, we may lose valuable intellectual property and confidential information and our reputation and the public perception of the effectiveness of our security measures could be harmed. Further, bad actors around the world use increasingly sophisticated methods, including the use of AI, to engage in illegal activities involving the theft and misuse of personal information, confidential information, and intellectual property. AI and machine learning technologies may also contribute to novel and urgent cybersecurity risks, including through the use by third parties of such technologies to launch more automated, targeted and coordinated attacks. Any of these outcomes could have a material adverse effect on our business, reputation, financial condition and results of operations.

Risks Related to Governmental Regulations

We are subject to many federal, state, local and foreign laws, as well as other statutory and regulatory requirements, with which compliance can be both costly and complex. Our failure to comply with, or adapt to changes in these laws or requirements, could have an adverse impact on our business.

We subject to federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations, as well as other statutory and regulatory requirements.

• the Americans with Disabilities Act and similar state laws;
• data privacy and cybersecurity laws;
• environmental, health and human safety laws and regulations;
• FCPA and other similar anti-bribery and anti-kickback laws; and
• laws regarding sweepstakes and promotional contests.

We are also subject to U.S. financial services regulations, a myriad of consumer protection laws, including economic sanctions, laws and regulations, anticorruption laws, escheat regulations and data privacy and security regulations. Changes to legal rules and regulations, or interpretation or enforcement of them, could increase our cost of doing business, affect our competitive abilities, and increase the difficulty of compliance. Failure to comply with regulations may have an adverse effect on our business, including the limitation, suspension or termination of services provided to, or by, third parties, and the imposition of penalties or fines.

Regulations related to “conflict minerals” require us to incur additional expenses and could limit the supply and increase the cost of certain metals used in manufacturing our products.

We design and contract for the manufacture of certain products, including putters, that may contain metals such as tungsten, tin, tantalum, or gold, which are considered “conflict minerals” under SEC regulations. These rules require companies to conduct inquiries into the origin of such materials, including whether they originate from the Democratic Republic of the Congo or adjoining countries.

As a result, we may be required to conduct due diligence on our supply chain and comply with related disclosure requirements. Compliance with these rules may result in additional administrative costs and reliance on information provided by third-party manufacturers, which may be incomplete or difficult to verify. In addition, sourcing of such materials could become more limited or costly if suppliers are unable to meet applicable standards.

We are subject to environmental, health and safety laws and regulations, which could subject us to liabilities, increased costs or restrictions of operations in the future.

Our locations and operations are subject to a number of environmental, health and safety laws and regulations in each of the jurisdictions in which our facilities are operating. These laws and regulations govern, among other things, air emissions, water discharges, handling and disposal of solid and hazardous substances and wastes, soil and groundwater contamination and employee health and safety. Our failure to comply with such environmental, health and safety laws and regulations could result in substantial civil or criminal fines or penalties or enforcement actions, including regulatory or judicial orders enjoining or curtailing operations or requiring remedial or corrective measures, installation of pollution control equipment or other actions. Liability under environmental laws has been interpreted to be joint and several unless the harm is divisible and there is a reasonable basis for allocating the responsibility.

We may also be subject to similar liabilities and claims in connection with locations at which hazardous substances, contaminates or wastes we generated have been stored, treated, otherwise managed, or disposed. As a result, any of these events, and the environmental conditions at or related to current or former properties or operations, and/or the costs of complying with current or future environmental, health and safety requirements (which have become more stringent and complex over time), could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Changes in, or any failure to comply with, data privacy laws, regulations, and standards may adversely affect our business.

Data privacy and data security have become significant issues in the United States, Europe, and in many other jurisdictions. The regulatory framework for data privacy and security issues worldwide is rapidly evolving and is likely to remain uncertain and continue evolving for the foreseeable future. Federal, state, or foreign government bodies or agencies have in the past adopted, and may in the future adopt additional, laws and regulations affecting data privacy. In the United States, these include rules and regulations promulgated under the authority of federal agencies, such as the Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”), and state attorneys general and legislatures and consumer protection agencies. For example, the FTC Act grants the FTC authority to enforce against unfair or deceptive practices, which the FTC has interpreted to require companies’ practices with respect to personal information comply with the commitments posted in their privacy policies. With respect to the use of personal information for direct marketing purposes, the Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and Marketing Act of 2003 (the “CAN-SPAM Act”), establishes specific requirements for commercial email messages and specifies penalties for the transmission of commercial email messages that are intended to deceive the recipient as to source or content, and obligates, among other things, the sender of commercial emails to provide recipients with the ability to opt out of receiving future commercial emails from the sender. Further, the Telephone Consumer Protection Act (TCPA) restricts telemarketing and the use of technologies that enable automatic calling and/or messaging without proper customer consent, and is a particularly highly litigated issue. Many states in the United States have enacted statutes and rules governing the ways in which businesses may collect, use, and retain personal information. One such example is the California Consumer Privacy Act (“CCPA”), which came into effect in 2020. In addition, the California Privacy Rights Act (“CPRA”) was passed in November 2020, which significantly modified the CCPA, including by creating a new state agency that is vested with authority to implement and enforce the CCPA and CPRA. Moreover, many other states have passed and may continue to pass similar privacy-related laws whose restrictions and requirements differ from those of California, which have required, and likely will continue to require, us to design, implement and maintain different types of state-based, privacy-related compliance controls and programs simultaneously in multiple states. Similar laws relating to data privacy and security have been proposed at the federal level as well. Such laws have potentially conflicting requirements that could make compliance even more challenging, require us to expend significant resources to come into compliance, and restrict our ability to process certain personal information. Internationally, many jurisdictions in which we operate have established or enhanced their own data security and privacy legal framework with which we or our customers must comply, including but not limited to, the European Union’s (the “EU”) General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”), which imposes stringent operational requirements, including, for example, requiring expanded disclosures about how personal information is used, limitations on retention of information, mandatory data breach notification obligations, and higher standards for obtaining consent to process personal information. The GDPR provides that EU member states may make their own additional laws and regulations in relation to certain data processing activities. Legal developments in the EU have created complexity and uncertainty regarding transfers of personal information from the EU to “third countries,” especially the United States. For example, in 2020, the Court of Justice of the EU invalidated the EU-U.S. Privacy Shield Framework (a mechanism for the transfer of personal information to the EU from the US) and made clear that reliance on standard contractual clauses (another mechanism for the transfer of personal information outside of the EU) alone may not be sufficient in all circumstances. In addition, after the United Kingdom (the “U.K.”), left the EU, the U.K. enacted the U.K. GDPR, which together with the amended U.K. Data Protection Act 2018 retains the GDPR in U.K. national law. In many jurisdictions, enforcement actions and consequences for noncompliance are also rising. In addition to government regulation, privacy advocates and industry groups may propose new and different self-regulatory standards that either legally or contractually apply to us. The changing legal and regulatory landscape could in the future further limit our ability to use and share personal information and require changes to our operating model. Any inability or perceived inability to adequately address data privacy and security concerns, even if unfounded, or comply with applicable data privacy and data security laws, regulations, and policies, could result in additional compliance costs, penalties and liability costs, damage to our reputation and adversely affect our business.

Risks Related to Tax and Financial Matters

We expect to need to raise additional funds from time to time through public or private debt or equity financings in order to implement our business plan.

We expect to need to raise additional funds from time to time in order to implement our business plan, take advantage of opportunities, including the expansion of our business or the acquisition of complementary products, technologies or businesses; develop new products or expand existing lines of business, including the launching of new products or responding to competitive pressures. Even if we are able to achieve our business plan, we estimate that approximately $6.0 million of additional capital may be required to support operations until we reach operating break-even.

If we are unable to find ways to finance our operations and the manufacturing and development of products to scale the business on acceptable terms or at all, or if we or our financing partners default on our respective obligations to fund such costs, we could be required to delay, significantly curtail or eliminate planned products or marketing programs, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. There can be no guarantee that we will be able to timely secure financing on favorable terms, or at all, for any of the foregoing purposes.

Any capital raised through the sale of equity or securities convertible into equity will dilute the percentage ownership of holders of our common stock. Capital raised through debt financing would require us to make periodic interest payments and may impose restrictive covenants on the conduct of our business. Furthermore, additional financings may not be available on economically favorable terms, especially during periods of adverse economic conditions, which could make it more difficult or impossible for us to obtain funding for the operation of our business, for making additional investments in product development and for repaying outstanding indebtedness. A failure to obtain necessary additional funding could prevent us from making expenditures that may be required to grow our business or maintain our operations.

Changes in tax laws and unanticipated tax liabilities could adversely affect our effective income tax rate and profitability.

We are subject to income taxes in the United States and potentially numerous foreign jurisdictions. Our effective income tax rate in the future could be adversely affected by a number of factors, including: changes in the mix of earnings in countries with differing statutory tax rates, changes in the valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities, changes in tax laws, the outcome of income tax audits in various jurisdictions around the world.

In addition, new income, sales, use or other tax laws, statutes, rules, regulations or ordinances could be enacted at any time, or interpreted, changed, modified or applied adversely to our business, any of which could adversely affect our business operations and financial performance. In particular, the U.S. government may enact significant changes to the taxation of business entities including, among others, a permanent increase in the corporate income tax rate, an increase in the tax rate applicable to the global intangible low-taxed income and elimination of certain exemptions, and the imposition of minimum taxes or surtaxes on certain types of income. We are currently unable to predict whether such changes will occur and, if so, the ultimate impact it would have on our business. To the extent that such changes have a negative impact on our business, or suppliers or customers, including as a result of related uncertainty, these changes may materially and adversely impact our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Increases in interest rates could increase the cost of servicing our indebtedness and have an adverse effect on our results of operations and cash flows.

Should we secure any business loan(s), increases in interest rates would increase the cost of servicing our indebtedness and could materially reduce our profitability and cash flows. An increase in interest rates could also make it difficult for us to obtain financing at attractive rates, which could adversely impact our ability to execute our growth strategy or future acquisitions. Additionally, rising interest rates could have a dampening effect on overall economic activity, which could have an adverse effect on our business.

Risks Related to Our Common Stock

The market prices and trading volume of our shares of common stock may experience rapid and substantial price volatility which could cause purchasers of our common stock to incur substantial losses.

Recently, the market prices and trading volume of shares of our common stock and of other small publicly traded companies with a limited number of shares available to purchasers have experienced rapid and substantial price volatility unrelated to the financial performance of those companies. Extreme fluctuations in the market price of our common stock may occur in response to strong and atypical retail investor interest, including on social media and online forums, direct access by retail investors to broadly available trading platforms, the amount and status of short interest in our common stock, access to margin debt, trading in options and other derivatives on our common stock and any related hedging and other trading factors.

If there is extreme market volatility and trading patterns in our common stock, it may create several risks for investors, including the following:

• the market price of our common stock may experience rapid and substantial increases or decreases unrelated to our operating performance or prospects, or macro or industry fundamentals;
• if our future market capitalization reflects trading dynamics unrelated to our financial performance or prospects, purchasers of our common stock could incur substantial losses as prices decline once the level of market volatility has abated; and
• if the future market price of our common stock declines, purchasers may be unable to resell their shares at or above the price at which they acquired them.

Further, we may incur rapid and substantial increases or decreases in our stock price in the foreseeable future that may not coincide in timing with the disclosure of news or developments by or affecting us. Accordingly, the market price of our shares of common stock may fluctuate dramatically, and may decline rapidly, regardless of any developments in our business. Overall, there are various factors, many of which are beyond our control, that could negatively affect the market price of our common stock or result in fluctuations in the price or trading volume of our common stock, including:

• actual or anticipated variations in our annual or quarterly results of operations, including our earnings estimates and whether we meet market expectations with regard to our earnings;
• our current inability to pay dividends or other distributions;
• changes in market valuations of similar companies;
• market reaction to any additional equity, debt or other securities that we may issue in the future, and which may or may not dilute the holdings of our existing stockholders;
• additions or departures of key personnel;
• actions by institutional or significant stockholders;
• short interest in our stock and the market response to such short interest;
• the dramatic increase in the number of individual holders of our stock and their participation in social media platforms targeted at speculative investing;
• speculation in the press or investment community about our company or industry;
• strategic actions by us or our competitors, such as acquisitions or other investments;
• legislative, administrative, regulatory or other actions affecting our business, our industry, including positions taken by the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”);
• investigations, proceedings, or litigation that involve or affect us;
• the occurrence of any of the other risk factors included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K; and
• general market and economic conditions.

If we fail to regain and maintain compliance with Nasdaq continued listing requirements, our common stock could be delisted.

Our common stock is listed on Nasdaq and is subject to continued listing requirements established by Nasdaq. These requirements include, among other things, minimum bid price, market value, stockholders’ equity, and corporate governance requirements.

As of December 31, 2025, our shareholders’ equity was $0.9 million, which is below the $2.5 million of minimum shareholders’ equity required by the Nasdaq Listing Rules. As a result, we will be out of compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(1) upon the filing of this Annual Report.

If we fail to regain and maintain compliance with Nasdaq’s continued listing requirements, Nasdaq may initiate delisting proceedings. If our common stock were delisted, the liquidity and market price of our common stock could decline significantly, and our ability to raise capital could be adversely affected.

A delisting could also reduce analyst coverage and investor interest in our common stock and may make it more difficult for stockholders to sell their shares. Any such outcome could have a material adverse effect on the market value of our common stock and our ability to access the capital markets.

Market and economic conditions may negatively impact our business, financial condition and share price.

Concerns over energy costs, geopolitical issues, the U.S. mortgage market and a deteriorating real estate market, unstable global credit markets and financial conditions, volatile oil prices and medical epidemics have led to periods of significant economic instability, diminished liquidity and credit availability, declines in consumer confidence and discretionary spending, diminished expectations for the global economy and expectations of slower global economic growth, increased unemployment rates, and increased credit defaults. Our general business strategy may be adversely affected by any such economic downturns, volatile business environments and continued unstable or unpredictable economic and market conditions. If these conditions continue to deteriorate or do not improve, it may make any necessary debt or equity financing more difficult to complete, more costly, and more dilutive. Failure to secure any necessary financing in a timely manner and on favorable terms could have a material adverse effect on our growth strategy, financial performance, and share price and could require us to delay or abandon development or commercialization plans.

Future sales and issuances of our common stock could result in additional dilution of the percentage ownership of our stockholders and could cause our share price to fall.

We expect that additional capital will be needed in the future to continue our planned operations, including increased marketing, hiring new personnel, commercializing our product, and continuing activities as an operating public company. To the extent we raise additional capital by issuing equity securities, our stockholders may experience substantial dilution. We may sell common stock, convertible securities or other equity securities in one or more transactions at prices and terms that we determine at our discretion. If we sell common stock, convertible securities or other equity securities in more than one transaction, investors may be materially diluted by subsequent sales. Such sales may also result in material dilution to our existing stockholders, and new investors could gain rights superior to our existing stockholders. Also, the issuance of shares of common stock as a result of the exercise of the Company’s outstanding Series A and Series B Warrants will result in additional dilution of the percentage ownership of existing shareholders.

Our Bylaws and Certificate of Incorporation provide that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the exclusive forum for substantially all disputes between us and our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers or employees.

Our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws provide that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware is the exclusive forum for any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, any action asserting a breach of fiduciary duty, any action asserting a claim against us arising pursuant to the Delaware General Corporation Law, our Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws or any action asserting a claim against us that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine. This exclusive forum provision would not apply to suits brought to enforce a duty or liability created by the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the Exchange Act, or any other claim for which the federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction.

These provisions may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers or other employees and may discourage these types of lawsuits. Alternatively, if a court were to find the choice of forum provision contained in our Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, which could harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

General Risk Factors

Our insurance policies may not provide adequate levels of coverage against all claims and we may incur losses that are not covered by our insurance.

We maintain insurance of the type and in amounts that we believe is reasonable and that is available to businesses in our industry. We carry or will carry various types of insurance, including general liability, auto liability, business interruption, workers’ compensation and excess umbrella, from highly rated insurance carriers. Market forces beyond our control could limit the scope of the insurance coverage that we can obtain in the future or restrict our ability to buy insurance coverage at reasonable rates. We cannot predict the level of the premiums that we may be required to pay for subsequent insurance coverage, the level of any deductible and/or self-insurance retention applicable thereto, the level of aggregate coverage available or the availability of coverage for specific risks. In the event of a substantial loss, the insurance coverage that we carry may not be sufficient to compensate us for the losses we incur or any costs we are responsible for.

If our estimates or judgments relating to our critical accounting policies prove to be incorrect, our financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. We base estimates on experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, as discussed below in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”. The results of these estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets, liabilities and equity, and the amount of revenue and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Significant assumptions and estimates used in preparing our financial statements include those related to revenue recognition; allowance for doubtful accounts; inventories; long-lived assets, goodwill and non-amortizing intangible assets; warranty policy; income taxes and provisional estimates due to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) enacted in December 2017; share-based compensation; and foreign currency translation. Our financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected if our assumptions change or if actual circumstances differ from those in our assumptions, which could cause our results of operations to fall below the expectations of securities analysts and investors, resulting in a decline in the price of our common stock.

Risk Management and Strategy

The Company maintains policies and processes designed to identify, assess, and manage cybersecurity risks that could affect its information systems and business operations. Cybersecurity risk management is integrated into the Company’s overall risk management processes and is considered as part of its broader operational and strategic decision-making.

The Company’s processes include periodic assessments of potential cybersecurity threats, evaluation of vulnerabilities, and implementation of safeguards designed to protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of its information systems and data. These activities are informed by industry practices and may include the use of internal resources as well as third-party service providers.

The Company relies on third-party platforms and service providers, including e-commerce, payment processing, and cloud-based systems, and considers risks associated with such providers as part of its cybersecurity risk management processes. The Company evaluates third-party service providers, where appropriate, and monitors for potential risks arising from such relationships.

The Company may engage external consultants or service providers from time to time to assist with evaluating cybersecurity risks, implementing security measures, and responding to potential incidents.

While the Company has not identified cybersecurity risks that have materially affected its business, results of operations, or financial condition, it cannot provide assurance that such risks will not have a material impact in the future.

The Company maintains policies and processes designed to identify, assess, and manage cybersecurity risks that could affect its information systems and business operations. These processes include periodic reviews of potential cybersecurity threats and evaluation of safeguards designed to protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the Company’s information systems.

The Company may engage third-party consultants or service providers to assist with evaluating cybersecurity risks and implementing appropriate security measures.

The Company has not experienced any cybersecurity incidents and has not identified any risks from cybersecurity threats that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, its business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition.

Governance

The Company’s Board of Directors has oversight responsibility for cybersecurity risk as part of its overall risk oversight function. The Board of Directors receives periodic updates from management regarding cybersecurity risks, including potential threats, mitigation efforts, and the status of the Company’s information security controls.

The Company’s Chief Financial Officer is responsible for overseeing the Company’s cybersecurity risk management processes, including monitoring cybersecurity risks, coordinating mitigation efforts, and engaging third-party service providers, as appropriate. The Chief Financial Officer reports to the Board of Directors periodically on cybersecurity matters as part of the Company’s broader risk management framework.

The Company’s executive management team, including the Chief Financial Officer, periodically reviews cybersecurity risks and the effectiveness of related safeguards. While the Company does not maintain a dedicated cybersecurity committee, cybersecurity risks are considered as part of the Board’s and management’s ongoing oversight of enterprise risk.

The Company’s leadership has experience managing financial, operational, and technology-related risks, including oversight of third-party service providers and information systems. In addition, the Company may engage external consultants or advisors with relevant cybersecurity expertise to assist in evaluating risks and implementing appropriate safeguards.

We lease on a month-to-month basis approximately 4,700 square feet of office space in Camarillo, California, which serves as our principal executive offices and research and development facility.

The Company leases approximately 9,000 square feet of manufacturing, assembly, and distribution space in St. Joseph, Missouri. The lease currently expires in December 2027.

There are no legal proceedings that are pending against the Company or that involve the Company that, in the opinion of management, could reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business or financial condition.

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and the related notes appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report. This discussion and analysis may contain forward-looking statements based on assumptions about our future business. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including but not limited to those set forth under “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Annual Report.

Executive Summary

During 2024, 2025 and early 2026, several factors influenced the Company’s operations and financial position, including:

• Expansion of the Newton Motion shaft product line. The Company continued to expand its premium shaft offerings, including the introduction of the Motion fairway wood shaft in 2024, the Fast Motion driver shaft in 2025, and additional product development across the fairway wood and hybrid shaft categories set to launch in 2026.
• Increased market adoption of Newton shafts. More than 60 professional golfers have placed Newton shafts into tournament play across multiple professional tours, including the PGA TOUR Champions, contributing to increased awareness of the Newton brand and growth in shaft-related revenue.
• Capital raising activities. On March 16, 2026, the Company issued to entities affiliated with and controlled by Brett Hoge, one of the Company’s directors, an unsecured convertible promissory note with an aggregate principal amount of $500,000, which bears interest at a rate of 10% per annum and matures in 18 months, along with a five-year warrant to purchase 50,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $1.75 per share. The convertible promissory note, including accrued interest, is convertible into shares of common stock at maturity at a conversion price of $1.60 per share.

During 2024, the Company completed two public offerings generating approximately $7.8 million in net proceeds, strengthening liquidity and supporting product development, manufacturing expansion, and working capital.

Company Overview

We design, manufacture, and sell performance golf equipment, including premium golf shafts and putters, and focus on developing technology-driven golf products intended to enhance player performance. Our Newton Motion™ shaft product line represents a core component of our product strategy and has contributed significantly to recent revenue growth.

In April 2022, we expanded our manufacturing capabilities by opening a shaft manufacturing facility in St. Joseph, Missouri to support the production of advanced carbon fiber golf shafts. We seek to manufacture and assemble substantially all of our products in the United States where economically feasible, which management believes provides supply chain advantages and supports product quality, engineering control, and operational flexibility.

We sell our products through a combination of direct-to-consumer channels, including our websites, as well as through resellers, professional club fitters, distributors, and golf retailers. We currently distribute products primarily in the United States, with additional distribution in international markets including Japan and South Korea.

Newton Motion Shafts

Product Introduction

In November 2023, the Company expanded its product portfolio through the introduction of the Newton Motion driver shaft, marking the Company’s entry into the premium golf shaft market. The Newton Motion driver shaft is a carbon fiber golf shaft designed to improve performance and consistency for golfers. In April 2024, the Company further expanded its product line with the introduction of the Newton Motion fairway wood shaft. In April 2025, the Company introduced the Fast Motion driver shaft, an updated premium shaft design that expands the Company’s driver shaft product lineup. The drivers and fairway wood shafts are manufactured at the Company’s facility in St. Joseph, Missouri.

The Newton Motion shafts utilize the Company’s proprietary “DOT” system, which replaces traditional shaft flex categories with a numerical system ranging from one to seven dots designed to provide golfers with a more precise fit based on swing characteristics. The Company believes this system simplifies shaft selection and allows golfers to match driver, fairway wood, and hybrid shafts across its product lines.

Product Development and Pipeline

The Company continues to refine and expand its shaft product lineup. In March 2026, the Company introduced an updated version of its Fast Motion Driver shaft. Updated versions of the Motion driver shaft and Motion fairway wood shaft are expected to be released in late March and April 2026. The Company is also developing additional shaft products, including a Fast Motion fairway wood shaft expected to launch in the second quarter of 2026 and hybrid shafts for both the Motion and Fast Motion product lines expected to launch during the second and third quarters of 2026.

The Company has focused product development on shaft designs tailored to specific club types, including shafts designed specifically for fairway woods rather than using a single shaft design across both drivers and fairway woods.

Market Adoption

Since the launch of the Newton Motion shaft line, the Company has seen increasing adoption among professional golfers across several tours, including the PGA TOUR Champions, Korn Ferry Tour, LPGA Tour, and other international tours. More than 60 professionals have put Newton shafts in play in tournament competitions across these tours. The Company believes that professional adoption is an indicator of product performance, as professional golfers typically select equipment based on its ability to improve performance.

During the 2025 golf season, Newton shafts were used in three tournament victories on the PGA TOUR Champions.

The expansion of the Newton Motion shaft product line has been a significant contributor to the Company’s recent revenue growth. The Company believes its premium golf-shaft products represent a core component of its long-term growth strategy. Increased adoption of Newton shafts by professional golfers, club fitters, and retail partners has expanded awareness of the Newton brand and helped facilitate broader distribution opportunities for the Company’s products.

Newton Gravity Putters

The Company also offers a line of putters under the Newton Gravity brand. During 2025, the Company reduced marketing expenditures directed toward the direct-to-consumer channel after determining that the return on advertising spend did not meet internal targets. As a result, the Company has shifted its near-term focus toward expanding distribution through wholesale and retail channels, including professional club fitters and golf retailers.

The Company’s growing presence in the premium golf shaft market has helped facilitate introductions to retail and fitter partners, which may create additional opportunities to expand distribution of other Newton-branded products. As the Company continues to develop these retail relationships, it expects the Gravity putter line to benefit from increased product visibility and broader distribution through these channels.

Key Factors Affecting Our Performance

Seasonality and General Trends in Golf Participation

Golf equipment sales are generally seasonal, with demand typically increasing during the spring and summer months when golf activity is highest in many regions. As a result, the Company historically experiences stronger sales during the second and third quarters of the year when weather conditions are more favorable for outdoor play. Conversely, sales may be lower during the first and fourth quarters when cold weather in certain regions reduces outdoor golf activity.

Golf participation increased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic as the sport was widely viewed as a socially distanced outdoor activity. Although the initial pandemic-driven surge has moderated, participation levels have remained elevated relative to historical levels, and the Company believes the sport has benefited from increased engagement among new and returning golfers.

In addition, the continued growth of off-course golf experiences, including golf entertainment venues such as Topgolf, and the increasing popularity of golf simulators and indoor golf facilities have expanded opportunities for individuals to participate in the sport. These venues and technologies allow consumers to experience golf in non-traditional environments, including urban locations, indoor facilities, and residential settings.

Golf simulators and indoor golf facilities have also expanded opportunities for participation in regions where weather conditions limit traditional outdoor play during portions of the year. As a result, golf enthusiasts in colder climates are increasingly able to practice and remain engaged with the sport on a year-round basis.

The Company believes that sustained participation in golf and increased engagement through both traditional and non-traditional golf experiences may support continued demand for golf equipment; however, future participation trends and consumer demand remain subject to economic conditions and other factors beyond the Company’s control.

Public Company Costs

Since listing our common stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market in August 2023, we have incurred additional expenses associated with operating as a public company. These costs include compliance with SEC reporting requirements, internal control compliance, director and officer liability insurance, board compensation, and increased accounting, legal, and audit fees. As a result, we expect our operating expenses to remain higher than those incurred prior to becoming a public company.

Impact of Inflation

Inflation has resulted in moderate increases in the cost of certain raw materials and component parts used in the manufacture of our products. To date, we have largely absorbed these increases and have not significantly raised prices. If inflationary pressures persist, our manufacturing costs may increase and could adversely affect gross margins unless we are able to offset these increases through pricing adjustments, cost reductions, or operational efficiencies.

We continue to expand our network of qualified domestic suppliers to diversify sourcing and mitigate potential supply chain disruptions.

Comparison of the Year Ended December 31, 2025 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2024

Our sales, cost of goods sold, operating expenses, and net loss from operations for the year ended December 31, 2025, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2024 were as follows (amounts are rounded to nearest thousands):

Overview of Operating Results

The Company’s operating results for the year ended December 31, 2025 were primarily driven by the following factors:

• Expansion of the Newton Motion shaft product line. Revenue growth during 2025 was primarily driven by the launch of the Fast Motion driver shaft, an updated premium shaft design that expands the Company’s driver shaft product lineup, full-year sales of the Newton Motion fairway wood shaft launched in April 2024 and continued expansion of the Newton Motion driver shaft launched in November 2023. The Company has continued to expand the platform with additional shaft configurations, including the introduction of the Fast Motion driver shaft and the planned launch of the Fast Motion fairway wood shaft, Fast Motion hybrid shaft, and Motion hybrid shaft. The Company manufactures its shafts at its facility in St. Joseph, Missouri, which management believes provides meaningful production capacity to support continued growth.
• Growth in direct-to-consumer sales. The Company continued to expand its direct-to-consumer channel through its websites, supported by improvements in digital marketing efficiency, higher conversion rates, and repeat customer purchases.
• Increased adoption by professional club fitters. Newton shafts gained increased visibility and adoption within the professional fitting channel, including recognition as the No. 1 selling shafts for both drivers and fairway woods at Club Champion Golf during 2025.
• Investment in marketing and operational infrastructure. The Company increased spending on marketing, personnel, and operational systems to support revenue growth and the scaling of the Newton brand.

These factors are discussed in greater detail below in the Company’s analysis of results of operations.

Net Sales

Net sales increased approximately $4.7 million, or 136%, to approximately $8.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to $3.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, driven primarily by strong demand for the Newton Motion shaft product line and growth in the Company’s direct-to-consumer channel.

The increase in net sales was primarily driven by the introduction and expansion of the Newton Motion shaft product line. The Company launched the Newton Motion driver shaft in November 2023 and the Newton Motion fairway wood shaft in April 2024. As a result, the year ended December 31, 2025 reflects the first full year of sales for the Newton Motion fairway shaft product line.

During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Newton Motion shaft product line generated approximately $8.0 million of net sales and represented approximately 99% of the Company’s total revenue.

Demand for the Company’s shaft products increased throughout 2025, including strong seasonal sales during promotional periods such as Black Friday. Direct-to-consumer sales represented approximately 91% of total net sales during 2025 and were primarily generated through the Company’s websites. The Company believes improvements in digital marketing efficiency, higher conversion rates, and repeat customer purchases contributed to the growth in online sales.

The Company also experienced increased adoption of its shaft products among professional club fitters. During 2025, Newton shafts were named the No. 1 selling shafts for both drivers and fairway woods at Club Champion Golf, a professional club-fitting retailer, which the Company believes reflects strong demand among club-fitting professionals.

In April 2025, the Company introduced the Fast Motion driver shaft, an updated premium shaft design that expands the Company’s driver shaft product lineup.

Cost of goods sold

Cost of goods sold consists primarily of materials, labor, components, and changes in inventory reserves for slow-moving or potentially obsolete products.

Cost of goods sold increased by approximately $2.4 million to $3.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to $1.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase was primarily attributable to higher sales volumes during 2025 associated with the expansion of the Company’s Motion shaft product line plus additional labor cost driven by incremental headcount and overtime to meet increased demand.

Gross margin was 56% for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to 66% for the year ended December 31, 2024. The decrease in gross margin was primarily attributable additional labor cost driven by incremental full-time employees, an increase in temporary labor, and overtime to meet increased demand.

During 2025, the Company implemented improvements to its costing processes, bill of materials management, and internal controls over inventory accounting. The Company is formalizing its demand planning and production scheduling processes to better align manufacturing capacity with anticipated demand and improve operational efficiency as production volumes increase. In addition, the Company enhanced its inventory verification procedures, including more frequent cycle counts and expanded physical inventory counts, to further improve the accuracy of inventory records and financial reporting.

The Company is also enhancing its manufacturing management and operational planning processes to support the continued scaling of production operations. In January 2026, the Company expanded the operational responsibilities of its Chief Financial Officer to include oversight of manufacturing and operational functions, strengthening coordination between financial management and factory operations.

As production volumes increase, the Company expects to benefit from improved manufacturing efficiencies and more stable production planning. However, gross margins may fluctuate in future periods based on production efficiency, product mix, and sales channel mix, including the relative contribution of direct-to-consumer and wholesale sales.

Operating expenses

Operating expenses include selling, general and administrative expenses, and research and development costs.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses consist primarily of employee compensation and benefits, legal and professional fees, sales and marketing expenses, stock-based compensation, public company compliance costs, shipping costs, Shopify transaction fees, rent, depreciation, and other general operating expenses.

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased approximately $4.8 million to $11.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to $6.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2024.

The increase was primarily attributable to:

• a $1.5 million increase in marketing expenses, primarily related to paid media and brand marketing initiatives;
• a $1.1 million increase in sales-related expenses, including affiliate commissions, Shopify transaction fees, and shipping costs associated with higher sales volume;
• a $1.0 million increase in public company operating costs, including legal, audit, insurance, and compliance expenses;
• a $0.5 million increase in employee-related costs associated with new hires to support the Company’s growth; and
• a $0.3 million increase in professional services related to the optimization and enhancement of enterprise systems, including NetSuite, AfterShip, demand-planning tools, and related system integrations intended to improve operational efficiency and support future scalability.

Selling, general and administrative expenses also included approximately $0.7 million of expenses that are not expected to recur at similar levels, consisting primarily of legal expenses associated with a special stockholder meeting and Series B Warrant exercises, incremental accounting and audit fees related to warrant valuation and accounting requirements, transfer agent costs related to warrant exercises, proxy solicitation expenses associated with the special stockholder meeting, and certain system optimization costs.

During 2025, the Company also added FedEx as an additional logistics provider to support fulfillment operations. The Company expects this change to improve delivery efficiency and reduce shipping costs over time.

The Company expects sales and marketing expenses to increase in absolute dollars as it continues to invest in brand awareness, customer acquisition, and market expansion to support revenue growth. However, as the Newton brand continues to gain recognition and the Company expands its distribution through wholesale channels, including professional club fitters, retailers, and potential OEM relationships, management expects sales and marketing expenses to decline as a percentage of net sales over time. The Company believes that increasing brand awareness, a growing installed base of Newton shaft users, and expansion of its wholesale distribution network may improve marketing efficiency and contribute to operating leverage as revenue scales.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses consist primarily of employee compensation, consulting expenses, licensing fees, and product design and development costs.

Research and development expenses increased approximately $0.04 million to $0.8 million, or 5%, for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to $0.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2024.

The increase was primarily attributable to continued investment in product development and testing as the Company expands and refines its Newton Motion shaft product lineup, including the development of additional shaft configurations and related technologies. These investments support the Company’s ongoing efforts to enhance product performance and expand its technology-driven golf equipment portfolio.

Loss from operations

Loss from operations increased approximately $2.5 million to $7.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to $5.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2024.

The increase in operating loss was primarily attributable to higher operating expenses associated with the Company’s growth initiatives and public company infrastructure, including increased marketing and brand development investments, higher employee-related costs, increased public company compliance expenses, and an increase in factory labor costs to meet increased demand.

These increases were partially offset by significant revenue growth driven by increased sales of the Company’s Newton Motion shaft product line.

The Company continues to invest in marketing, personnel, operational infrastructure, and product development to support long-term revenue growth and expansion of its product portfolio. As revenue continues to scale, the Company expects to benefit from improved operating leverage over time.

Other income (expense), net

Interest income, net was $99,000 for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to $161,000 for the year ended December 31, 2024. The decrease in interest income was primarily attributable to lower average cash balances during 2025 compared to the prior year.

The Company did not incur any financing costs during the year ended December 31, 2025. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recognized $6.9 million of financing costs associated with the issuance of warrants and other costs related to its December 2024 financing transactions.

During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company recognized a $1.4 million gain related to the change in the fair value of warrant liabilities, compared to a $22,000 loss recognized during the year ended December 31, 2024. The change in fair value of warrant liabilities reflects the periodic remeasurement of certain warrants that are classified as liabilities under applicable accounting guidance. The fair value of these warrants is remeasured at each reporting date, and changes in fair value are recorded in the Company’s statement of operations.

Net loss and Strategic Investments

Net loss was $6.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to $11.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2024.

The decrease in net loss was primarily attributable to the absence of the $6.9 million financing costs recorded during 2024 and the $1.4 million gain related to the change in the fair value of warrant liabilities during 2025. These improvements were partially offset by an increase in operating loss associated with the Company’s continued investments in marketing, personnel, and operational infrastructure to support revenue growth.

Excluding financing costs and changes in the fair value of warrant liabilities, the increase in net loss primarily reflects higher operating expenses related to the Company’s growth initiatives, including marketing investments, personnel expansion, and operational infrastructure to support the scaling of the Company’s Newton Motion shaft product line.

The Company continues to invest in marketing, personnel, product development, and operational infrastructure to support the expansion of the Newton Motion shaft platform and the broader Newton brand. Management believes these investments position the Company for continued revenue expansion as brand awareness grows, additional shaft configurations and new products are introduced, and distribution expands through professional club fitters, retail partners, international distributors, and potential OEM relationships. While these investments have contributed to operating losses in the near term, management believes they position the Company for improved operating leverage as the business scales.

Management believes the Company is in the early stages of scaling the Newton Motion shaft platform and that continued adoption by professional club fitters, retail partners, and international distributors may support significant revenue growth while leveraging the Company’s existing manufacturing infrastructure, including its shaft manufacturing facility in St. Joseph, Missouri.

The following section discusses the Company’s liquidity, capital resources, and financing strategy to support these growth initiatives.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

On October 24, 2025, the Company entered into an At-The-Market Sales Offering Agreement (“ATM Offering Agreement”) with Kingswood Capital Partners, LLC (“Kingswood”), which allows the Company to sell up to $10.0 million of its common stock from time to time pursuant to its effective shelf registration statement on Form S-3. The ATM program provides the Company with an additional source of potential liquidity; however, the amount and timing of any sales will depend on market conditions, trading volume, and investor demand. As of the date of this report, the Company has not sold any shares under the ATM program. The Company intends to utilize the ATM program opportunistically, taking into account market conditions, trading volume, and the Company’s capital requirements.

On March 16, 2026, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue at one or more closings, on the terms and conditions contained in the Purchase Agreement, unsecured promissory notes in the aggregate funded amount of up to $2,000,000 (the “Convertible Notes”) and common stock warrants (the “Warrants”) to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $1.75 per share, subject to adjustments from time to time. The first closing occurred on March 16, 2026, at which the Company issued to entities affiliated with and controlled by Brett Hoge, one of the Company’s directors, a Convertible Note with an aggregate principal amount of $500,000, which bears interest at a rate of 10% per annum and matures in 18 months, along with a five-year Warrant to purchase 50,000 shares of common stock. The Convertible Note, including accrued interest, is convertible into shares of common stock at maturity at a conversion price of $1.60 per share. The Company continues to seek to raise an additional $1,500,000 pursuant to the Purchase Agreement; however, there can be no assurance that additional capital will be obtained.

The Company’s capital strategy is to maintain sufficient liquidity to support ongoing operations, product development, manufacturing expansion, and marketing initiatives while seeking to minimize dilution to existing stockholders. Management intends to utilize available financing sources, including the ATM program and other potential financing sources, in a disciplined manner with the objective of raising the capital necessary to support operations and growth initiatives while seeking to minimize dilution to existing stockholders.

The Company estimates that approximately $6.0 million of additional capital may be required to support operations until the Company reaches operating break-even. The Company expects to evaluate a variety of financing alternatives, including the ATM program and other potential financing sources, to meet its capital requirements.

The Company’s expected timeline to achieve operating break-even is influenced by the level of investment in marketing and growth initiatives. Management has the ability to adjust the pace of these investments, which could accelerate the path to operating break-even but may also reduce the rate of revenue growth.

The Company’s estimated capital requirements assume that performance-based compensation earned by management is paid in cash. The Company may elect to satisfy a portion of such compensation through equity-based awards or other non-cash compensation arrangements, which could reduce the Company’s cash requirements. Any such determinations would be made by the Company’s Board of Directors or compensation committee, as applicable.

As revenue continues to scale and distribution expands through professional club fitters, retail partners, international distributors, and potential OEM relationships, the Company expects that improving operating leverage may contribute to reducing its reliance on external financing over time. The Company’s premium shaft products are designed to support attractive gross margins, and as production volumes increase, management expects manufacturing efficiencies and fixed-cost leverage to further improve the Company’s operating profile. Management expects that future capital raising activities will generally be aligned with operational milestones and revenue growth.

The Company’s manufacturing facility in St. Joseph, Missouri currently provides meaningful production capacity to support anticipated growth. Management estimates that the facility could support production of up to approximately 200,000 shafts annually with incremental operational improvements. The Company’s current facility lease is approximately $3,900 per month, providing a relatively low fixed-cost manufacturing footprint. The Company expects that only modest capital investments may be required to enhance production capacity and operational efficiency as demand for Newton products continues to grow.

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods indicated (amounts are rounded to nearest thousands):

Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2025 was $5,166,000, compared to $4,929,000 for the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase in net cash used in operating activities primarily reflects higher operating expenses associated with the Company’s growth initiatives, including increased marketing and brand-building activities, higher sales-related expenses associated with increased revenue, and increased public company operating costs. Operating cash outflows also reflected increased employee-related costs associated with new hires and performance-based bonuses tied to revenue growth and operational milestones, as well as higher professional services related to the optimization and enhancement of enterprise systems intended to support operational efficiency and future scalability. These factors were partially offset by an increase in gross profit in 2025. The increase in operating expenses reflects management’s continued investment in brand awareness, sales infrastructure, and operational systems intended to support the Company’s long-term revenue growth and scalability.

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2025 totaled $469,000, primarily related to purchases of property and equipment associated with the expansion and support of the Company’s manufacturing operations. Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2024 totaled $502,000, also related primarily to purchases of property and equipment.

Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2025 was $717,000, compared to net cash provided by financing activities of $7,743,000 for the year ended December 31, 2024.

The net cash used in financing activities during 2025 primarily reflected cash used for share repurchases and other financing-related activities during the year.

Net cash provided by financing activities during 2024 primarily reflected proceeds from equity financing transactions completed during the year, partially offset by approximately $50,000 used to repay software and licensing obligations.

Financing activity in 2025 was significantly lower than 2024, which benefited from capital raised through equity financing transactions.

Going Concern

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the settlement of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business.

As reflected in the accompanying financial statements, during the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company incurred a net loss of $6,020,000 and used cash in operations of $5,166,000. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date the financial statements are issued. In addition, the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm expressed substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern in its report on the Company’s financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2025.

At December 31, 2025, the Company had approximately $1.3 million of cash and cash equivalents. Management currently expects that its existing cash resources will fund operations for a limited period and that additional financing will be required to support ongoing operations.

The continuation of the Company as a going concern is dependent upon its ability to obtain additional debt or equity financing until it begins generating positive cash flow. No assurance can be given that such financing will be available or, if available, that it will be on terms acceptable to the Company. Any additional financing may contain restrictive covenants, in the case of debt financing, or result in substantial dilution to existing stockholders, in the case of equity financing.

Emerging Growth Company

We are an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”). As an emerging growth company, we are eligible to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements applicable to other public companies.

We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of:

(i) the last day of the fiscal year in which our annual gross revenues exceed $1.235 billion;

(ii) the last day of the fiscal year in which the market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the end of the second quarter of that fiscal year;

(iii) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt during the previous three-year period; or

(iv) the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of our initial public offering.

As an emerging growth company, we are not required to:

• comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act regarding internal control over financial reporting;
• comply with any requirement that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report providing additional information about the audit and the financial statements (i.e., an auditor discussion and analysis);
• provide certain executive compensation disclosures required of larger public companies; or
• hold advisory votes on executive compensation matters, such as “say-on-pay,” “say-on-frequency,” and “say-on-golden parachutes.”

In addition, Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company may take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. Under this provision, an emerging growth company may delay adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards apply to private companies. The Company has elected to take advantage of this extended transition period.

Inflation and Supply Chain

The Company’s manufacturing operations utilize raw materials such as carbon fiber, metals, coatings, and other specialized components. In recent years, global supply chain disruptions and inflationary pressures have affected the cost of certain raw materials, transportation, and labor. While the Company has experienced increases in certain input costs, management has sought to mitigate these impacts through supplier diversification, operational efficiencies, and product pricing strategies.

Because the Company manufactures a significant portion of its shaft products domestically at its facility in St. Joseph, Missouri, management believes the Company may benefit from greater operational control and reduced exposure to certain international supply chain disruptions and tariffs compared to companies that rely more heavily on overseas manufacturing.

At present, inflation has not had a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations; however, sustained increases in raw material costs, freight costs, or labor expenses could impact the Company’s cost structure and operating margins in future periods.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

At December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company did not have any transactions, obligations or relationships that could be considered off-balance sheet arrangements.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our discussion and analysis of our results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity are based upon our financial statements, which have been prepared and audited in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, stockholders’ equity, revenues, and expenses, as well as the related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities.

Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. These estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Because the use of estimates is inherent in the financial reporting process, actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Management evaluates its estimates on an ongoing basis and adjusts those estimates when facts and circumstances change. Management believes the following accounting policies involve the most significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of the Company’s financial statements.

Revenue Recognition

We account for revenue recognition in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers.”

The amount of revenue we recognize is based on the amount of consideration we expect to receive from customers. The amount of consideration is the sales price adjusted for estimates of variable consideration, including sales returns, discounts and allowances as well as sales programs, sales promotions and price concessions that we offer, as described further below. These estimates are based on amounts earned or expected to be claimed by customers on the related sales, and are therefore recorded to the respective net revenue, trade accounts receivable, and sales program liability accounts.

We may offer short-term sales incentives, which include sell-through promotions and price concessions or price reductions. Sell-through promotions are generally offered throughout a product’s life cycle, which varies from two to three years but could be shorter or longer. Price concessions or price reductions are generally offered at the end of the product’s life cycle. The estimated variable consideration related to these potential programs will be based on a rate that includes historical and forecasted data. We may record a reduction to net revenues using this rate at the time of the sale. We will monitor this rate against actual results and forecasted estimates and adjusts the rate as necessary in order to reflect the amount of consideration it expects to receive from its customers.

We also may record an estimate for anticipated returns as a reduction of sales and cost of sales, and accounts receivable in the period that the related sales are recorded. The cost recovery of inventory associated with this reserve will be accounted for in other current assets. Sales returns will be estimated based upon historical returns, current economic trends, changes in customer demands and sell-through of products. We also may offer certain customers sales programs that would allow for specific returns. We may record a return reserve for anticipated returns related to these sales programs at the time of the sale based on the terms of the sales program.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company periodically grants restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and stock options to employees, directors, and consultants as compensation for services. The Company accounts for these awards in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation, whereby the fair value of the award is measured on the grant date and recognized as compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. Stock-based compensation expense is recorded within the Company’s consolidated statements of operations based on the nature of the services rendered. The fair value of RSUs is determined based on the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the grant date. RSUs generally vest based on continued service over a specified vesting period. Compensation expense for time-based RSU awards is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. The Company may grant RSU awards in the future that include performance-based vesting conditions tied to operational or financial milestones. For such awards, compensation expense would be recognized when it becomes probable that the performance condition will be achieved. The Company recognizes forfeitures as they occur.

The fair value of stock option awards is estimated on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, which requires management to make assumptions regarding the expected term of the award, expected volatility of the Company’s common stock, risk-free interest rate, and expected dividend yield.

Prior to the Company’s initial public offering on August 14, 2023, the Company’s common stock was not publicly traded. As a result, the Company estimated the fair value of its common stock using valuation methodologies consistent with the framework outlined in the AICPA Practice Aid, Valuation of Privately-Held Company Equity Securities Issued as Compensation. These valuations incorporated various objective and subjective factors, including external market conditions, guideline public company information, arm’s-length transactions involving the Company’s securities, the rights and preferences of securities senior to the Company’s common stock, and the probability of achieving a liquidity event such as an initial public offering or sale of the Company.

For periods prior to the Company developing a sufficient trading history for its common stock, the Company estimated expected volatility using the historical volatility of a group of comparable publicly traded companies. Beginning in the third quarter of 2025, the Company began using the historical volatility of its own publicly traded common stock to estimate expected volatility.

The expected term of stock options granted to employees is determined using the “simplified method” for awards that qualify as plain-vanilla options. The expected term of stock options granted to non-employees is generally based on the contractual term of the award. The risk-free interest rate is determined by reference to the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for time periods approximately equal to the expected term of the award. The expected dividend yield is zero, based on the fact that the Company has never paid dividends and does not currently expect to pay dividends in the foreseeable future.

Warrant Accounting

The Company accounts for common stock warrants as either equity-classified or liability-classified instruments based on an evaluation of the specific terms of the warrants and the applicable guidance in ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, and ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging.

This evaluation includes determining whether the warrants are freestanding financial instruments, whether they meet the definition of a liability under ASC 480, and whether they satisfy the criteria for equity classification under ASC 815. In particular, the Company assesses whether the warrants are indexed to the Company’s own stock and whether the terms of the warrants could require net cash settlement in circumstances outside the Company’s control, among other conditions required for equity classification.

This assessment requires the use of professional judgment and is performed at the time of warrant issuance and reassessed at each reporting period while the warrants remains outstanding.

Warrants that are classified as liabilities are recorded at fair value upon issuance and remeasured at fair value at each reporting date, with changes in fair value recognized in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Warrants that qualify for equity classification are recorded within additional paid-in capital and are not subsequently remeasured.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 2 of the Notes to Financial Statements for a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our Chief Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of December 31, 2025 to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms and accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

Management concluded that disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of December 31, 2025.

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

Management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025, based on the criteria established in the Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”).

Based on this evaluation, management concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2025.

Management completed the remediation of previously identified material weaknesses that existed as of December 31, 2024. Remediation efforts included strengthening the Company’s finance and accounting organization, enhancing segregation of duties, and implementing additional processes and controls over financial reporting. Management will continue to monitor the effectiveness of these controls and may implement additional enhancements as the Company’s operations continue to grow.

During 2025, the Company restructured and expanded its finance and accounting organization, including the hiring of a new Chief Financial Officer, Controller, Director of SEC Reporting, and additional accounting personnel. The Company also implemented several improvements to its internal control environment, including enhancements to bill of materials management, inventory accounting processes, and financial reporting procedures. These improvements were implemented by the new Chief Financial Officer and Controller in connection with the Company’s review and correction of certain product costing information within its enterprise resource planning system and the related inventory valuation adjustment recorded during the year.

These changes were implemented to strengthen financial reporting oversight, improve internal controls, and establish greater segregation of duties within the accounting and financial reporting functions and contributed to the remediation of previously identified material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting.

As part of this process, the Company also made personnel changes within its finance and accounting organization to better align the team with the Company’s internal control and financial reporting objectives. Management believes that the current finance and accounting structure provides a stronger control environment and improved oversight of the Company’s financial reporting processes.

This Annual Report does not include an attestation report of the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting because the Company qualifies as an emerging growth company and is therefore not required to obtain such an attestation.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Other than the remediation activities described above, there were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2025 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls

Internal control over financial reporting has inherent limitations and may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Because of these inherent limitations, even effective internal control over financial reporting can provide only reasonable assurance regarding the preparation and presentation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP.