Alset Inc.: Form 10-K for the period ended Dec 31, 2025

Our Company

We are a diversified holding company principally engaged through our subsidiaries in the development of EHome communities and other real estate, financial services, digital transformation technologies, biohealth activities and consumer products with operations in the United States, Singapore, Hong Kong, Australia, Republic of Korea and the People’s Republic of China. We manage our three principal businesses primarily through our 85.8% owned subsidiary, Alset International Limited (“Alset International”), a public company traded on the Singapore Stock Exchange. Through this subsidiary (and indirectly, through other public and private U.S. and Asian subsidiaries), we are actively developing real estate projects near Houston, Texas, in our real estate segment. In recent years, the Company expanded its real estate portfolio to single family rental homes, and we currently own 132 homes that are rented or are available for rent. In our digital transformation technology segment, we focus on serving business-to-business (B2B) needs in e-commerce, collaboration and social networking functions. Our biohealth segment includes sale of consumer products. We identify global businesses for acquisition, incubation and corporate advisory services, primarily related to our operating business segments.

We also have ownership interests outside of Alset International, including a 36.9% equity interest in American Pacific Financial, Inc., a 43.6% equity interest in DSS Inc. (“DSS”), an indirect 45.8% equity interest in Value Exchange International, Inc., a 29.0% equity interest in Sharing Services Global Corporation, and a 41.5% equity interest in New Energy Asia Pacific Company Limited. American Pacific Financial, Inc. is a financial network holding company. DSS is a multinational company operating businesses with five divisions: product packaging, biotechnology, direct marketing, commercial lending, and securities and investment management. DSS Inc. is listed on the NYSE American (NYSE: DSS). Value Exchange International, Inc. is a provider of information technology services for businesses, and is traded on the OTC Expert Market (OTC: VEII). Sharing Services Global Corporation (OTC: SHRG), is a publicly traded company dedicated to building shareholder value by developing or acquiring businesses, products and technologies in the direct selling industry and other industries that augment the Company’s product and services portfolio, business competencies, and geographic reach.

Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision makers (the “CODMs”), or decision–making group, in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company’s chief operating decision makers are the two Co-CEOs, who review and assess the performance of the Company as a whole. The Company reports its segment information to reflect the manner in which the CODMs review and assess performance. The Company has four operating segments based on the products and services we offer, which include three of our principal businesses – real estate, digital transformation technology and biohealth – as well as a fourth category consisting of certain other business activities. In determination of segments, the Company, together with its CODMs, considers factors that include the nature of business activities, allocation of resources and management structure.

The primary financial measures used by the CODMs to evaluate performance and allocate resources are net income (loss) and operating income (loss). The CODMs use net income (loss) and operating income (loss) to evaluate the performance of the Company’s ongoing operations and as part of the Company’s internal planning and forecasting processes. Information on net income (loss) and operating income (loss) is disclosed in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Segment expenses and other segment items are provided to the CODMs on the same basis as disclosed in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Costs excluded from segment income (loss) before taxes and reported as “Other” consist of corporate general and administrative activities which are not allocable to the four reportable segments.

The CODMs do not evaluate performance or allocate resources based on segment assets.

Under the guidance of Chan Heng Fai, our founder, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, who is also our largest stockholder, we have positioned ourselves as a participant in these key markets through a series of strategic transactions. Our growth strategy is both to pursue acquisition opportunities that we can leverage on our global network using our capital and management resources and to accelerate the expansion of our organic businesses.

We generally acquire majority and/or control stakes in innovative and promising businesses that are expected to appreciate in value over time. Our emphasis is on building businesses in industries where our management team has in-depth knowledge and experience, or where our management can provide value by advising on new markets and expansion. We have at times provided a range of global capital and management services to these companies in order to gain access to Asian markets. We have historically favored businesses that improve an individual’s quality of life or that improve the efficiency of businesses through technology in various industries. We believe our capital and management services provide us with a competitive advantage in the selection of strategic acquisitions, which creates and adds value for our Company and our stockholders.

We intend at all times to operate our business in a manner as to not become inadvertently subject to the regulatory requirements under the Investment Company Act by, among other things, (i) in the event of acquisitions, purchasing all or substantially all of an acquisition target’s voting stock, and only in limited cases purchase less than 51% of the voting stock; (ii) monitoring our operations and our assets on an ongoing basis in order to ensure that we own no less than a majority, or other control, of Alset International and that Alset International, in turn, owns no less than a majority, or other control, of Alset Real Estate Holdings Inc. and other such subsidiaries with significant assets and operations; and (iii) limiting additional equity investments into affiliated companies including our majority-owned and/or controlled operating subsidiaries, except in special limited circumstances. Additionally, we will continue to hire in-house management personnel and employees with industry background and experience, rather than retaining traditional investment portfolio managers to oversee our group of companies.

The Company was incorporated in the State of Delaware on March 7, 2018, as HF Enterprises Inc. Effective as of February 5, 2021, the Company changed its name from “HF Enterprises Inc.” to “Alset EHome International Inc.” The Company effected such name change pursuant to a merger entered into with a wholly owned subsidiary, Alset EHome International Inc. The Company was the surviving entity following this merger and had adopted the name of its former subsidiary. In connection with this name change, our trading symbol on the Nasdaq Stock Market was changed from “HFEN” to “AEI.” On October 4, 2022, through a merger transaction, the Company was reincorporated in Texas and changed its name to Alset Inc. The Company effected such name change pursuant to a merger entered into with a wholly owned subsidiary, Alset Inc. The Company is the surviving entity following this merger and has adopted the name of its former subsidiary. Our trading symbol on Nasdaq Stock Market did not change due to the name change.

The following chart illustrates the current corporate structure of our key operating entities:

Our Current Operations

Real Estate

Property Development Business

Our property development business is primarily conducted through our indirect subsidiary, Alset Real Estate Holdings Inc. (“Alset RE Holdings”), a 99.9%-owned U.S. subsidiary of Alset International, which owns, operates and manages real estate development projects with a focus on land subdivision developments. We generally contract out all real estate development activities, working with engineers, surveyors, architects and general contractors through each phase, including planning, design and construction. Once the contractors complete the land development, we then sell the developed lots to builders for the construction of new homes. Where possible, we have attempted to pre-sell these lots before they are fully developed. Alset RE Holdings’ main asset is a subdivision development project near Houston, Texas (known as Lakes at Black Oak).

Our property development business is headquartered in Bethesda, Maryland. For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, our property development business accounted for 0% and 79% of our total revenues, respectively.

On March 17, 2023, 150 CCM Black Oak Ltd. entered into a Purchase and Sale Agreement (the “DH Purchase and Sale Agreement”) with Davidson Homes, LLC, an Alabama limited liability company (“Davidson”). Pursuant to the terms of the DH Purchase and Sale Agreement, the Seller had agreed to sell approximately 189 single-family detached residential lots developed within section 2 of Lakes at Black Oak project. The sale of the first 94 lots closed on May 30, 2023. The sale of remaining lots closed on January 4, 2024.

On November 13, 2023, 150 CCM Black Oak Ltd. entered into two Contracts for Purchase and Sale and Escrow Instructions (each a “2023 Agreement,” collectively, the “2023 Agreements”) with Century Land Holdings of Texas, LLC. Pursuant to the terms of one of the aforementioned 2023 Agreements, the Seller has agreed to sell approximately 142 single-family detached residential lots (the “Section 4 Agreement”) comprising a section of a residential community at the Lakes at Black Oak. Pursuant to the other 2023 Agreement, the Seller has agreed to sell 63 single-family detached residential lots (the “Alset Villas Agreement”) in the city of Magnolia, Texas. In 2021, our subsidiary Alset EHome Inc. acquired approximately 19.5 acres of partially developed land near Houston, Texas which was used to develop a community named Alset Villas (“Alset Villas”). The sale of the first 70 lots closed on July 1, 2024 generating approximately $3.8 million. The sale of the remaining 72 lots at Lakes at Black Oak closed on October 10, 2024 generating approximately $3.9 million. The sale of 63 lots at Alset Villas closed on December 16, 2024 generating approximately $3.8 million.

The Company has retained four model lots within Section 1 of the property. The Company intends to enter into contract-build agreements with local, regional or national builders to construct single-family, for rent homes. These elevations and floor plans will be carefully selected to suit the for-rent tenants and/or for-sale customers. The Company will also reserve the right to sell these homes in the event this is deemed to be the highest and best use in the marketplace. The Company expects to complete these homes within the next twelve months.

Reorganization of Property Development Business and Spin-off

On August 1, 2025, the Company’s indirect majority-owned subsidiary Winning Catering Group, Inc. (then known as LiquidValue Development Inc., or “LVD”) entered into a Contribution Agreement with Alset Real Estate Holdings Inc., its wholly owned subsidiary (“Alset Real Estate Holdings”). Pursuant to the terms of the Contribution Agreement, LVD agreed to transfer its ownership of all of the issued and outstanding shares of Alset EHome Inc., the company that owned substantially all of the assets and liabilities of LVD, to Alset Real Estate Holdings. On August 18, 2025, LVD completed the distribution of substantially all of its assets to holders of its common stock as of August 15, 2025, in the form of a one-time special dividend (the “Distribution”). The Distribution consisted of all of the issued and outstanding shares of Alset Real Estate Holdings Inc., having an aggregate fair market value of approximately $34.8 million as of the date of Distribution, and constituting substantially all of LVD’s net asset value. LVD shareholders received shares on a pro rata basis, based on the number of shares of the LVD’s common stock. Following this transaction, LVD had no material operations or sources of revenue and would be considered a shell company. Because of the Contribution Agreement and the Distribution, the Company’s ownership interest in Alset Real Estate Holdings Inc. mirrors its ownership interest in LVD at the time of the Distribution. Therefore, the Company’s ownership interest in Alset EHome Inc. and its real estate business remains unchanged following the transactions described above.

On September 22, 2025, LiquidValue Development Inc. changed its name to “Winning Catering Group, Inc.” in anticipation of a planned merger pursuant to an Acquisition Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Acquisition Agreement”) entered into on May 30, 2025 (such merger has not yet closed as of the date hereof). The Acquisition Agreement was entered into by LVD with (i) SeD Intelligent Home Inc., a Nevada corporation, the majority shareholder of LVD and an indirect majority-owned subsidiary of the Company (“SeD”); (ii) LVD Merger Corp., a Nevada corporation and wholly owned subsidiary of LVD (the “Merger Sub”); (iii) Winning Catering Management Limited, a British Virgin Islands corporation (“Winning Group”); (iv) Winning Holdings Limited, a British Virgin Islands corporation (“Winning Holdings”); and (iv) Pure Talent Group Limited, a British Virgin Islands corporation (“PTGL” and collectively, the “Parties”). Pursuant to the terms of the Acquisition Agreement, the Merger Sub will merge with and into Winning Group (the “Merger”), with Winning Group surviving the Merger. Following the Merger, Winning Group will become a wholly owned subsidiary of LVD. In connection with the Merger and as part of the transaction structure, the Parties also agreed that: 3,754,897,728 new fully paid, non-assessable shares of LVD’s common stock will be issued to Winning Holdings and 234,681,108 shares will be issued to PTGL. At the closing of these transactions, (i) Winning Holdings will own 80% of the issued and outstanding shares of LVD; (ii) SeD and other existing stockholders will retain 15% of the LVD’s shares; and (iii) PTGL will own 5% of LVD’s shares. Winning Group’s principal line of business is Wing Nin, a Hong Kong food and beverage brand. Renowned for its cart noodles, a Hong Kong staple, Wing Nin sells customizable bowls featuring a choice of noodle bases, a wide array of toppings, and a rich homemade spicy curry sauce. Wing Nin began as a street vendor in the 1960s and has expanded in recent years. Today, Wing Nin has thirteen locations across Hong Kong.

Home Rental Business

In recent years, the Company expanded its real estate portfolio to single family rental houses. During 2022 and 2021 the Company signed multiple purchase agreements to acquire 20 and 112 homes, respectively, in Montgomery and Harris Counties, Texas. By December 31, 2022, the acquisition of all 132 homes was completed with an aggregate purchase cost of $30,998,258. All of these purchased homes are properties of our rental business.

On December 9, 2022, Alset Inc. entered into an agreement with Alset EHome Inc. and Alset International Limited pursuant to which Alset Inc. agreed to reorganize the ownership of its home rental business. Previously, Alset Inc. and certain majority-owned subsidiaries collectively owned 132 single-family rental homes in Texas, of which 112 were owned by subsidiaries of Alset EHome Inc. Alset Inc. owns 85.8% of Alset International Limited, and Alset International Limited indirectly owns approximately 99.9% of Alset EHome Inc.

The closing of the transaction contemplated by this agreement was completed on January 13, 2023. Pursuant to this agreement, the Company has become the direct owner of American Home REIT Inc. (“AHR”) and its subsidiaries that collectively own these 112 homes, instead of such homes being owned indirectly through Alset International Limited’s subsidiaries.

Alset EHome Inc. sold AHR to Alset Inc. for a total consideration of $26,250,933, including the forgiveness of debt in the amount of $13,900,000, a promissory note in the amount of $11,350,933 and a cash payment of $1,000,000. This purchase price represents the book value of AHR as of November 30, 2022.

The closing of this transaction was approved by the shareholders of Alset International Limited. Certain members of Alset Inc.’s Board of Directors and management are also members of the Board of Directors and management of each of Alset International Limited and Alset EHome Inc.

As part of our commitment to advancing smart and healthy sustainable living, we installed Tesla PV solar panels and Powerwalls in approximately 96 of the 132 single-family rental homes. In addition, we added technologies at many of the single-family rental homes such as (i) smart solar, thermostat, and energy usage controls; (ii) smart lighting controls; (iii) smart locks and security; and (iv) smart home automation devices. We believe these and other technologies will be attractive to renters.

The Company has entered into a property management agreement with the property managers under which the property managers generally oversee and direct the leasing, management and advertising of the properties in our portfolio, including collecting rents and acting as liaison with the tenants. The Company pays its property managers a monthly property management fee per property unit and a leasing fee.

Potential Future Projects

In addition to our main projects, we are embarking on residential development activities in partnership with U.S. homebuilders, and have commenced discussions to acquire smaller U.S. residential development projects. These projects may be within both the for-sale and for-rent markets. We consider projects in diverse regions across the United States, and maintain longstanding relationships with local owners, brokers, attorneys and lenders to source projects. We will continue to focus on off-market deals and raise appropriate financing for attractive development opportunities. We believe these initiatives will provide a set of solutions to stabilize the long-term revenue associated with property development in the United States and create new ancillary service opportunities and revenue from this business.

Digital Transformation Technology

Our digital transformation technology business unit is committed to enabling enterprises to engage in a digital transformation by providing support, implementation and development services with various technologies including blockchain, e-commerce, social media, artificial intelligence customer service applications and metaverse services. We commenced our technology business in 2015 through Hapi Metaverse Inc. (“Hapi Metaverse”), our 99.6% owned subsidiary. Its technology platform focuses on business-to-business, or B2B, solutions, such as communications and workflow, through instant messaging, international calling, social media and e-commerce. Hapi Metaverse’s investment into Value Exchange International Inc. (“VEII”) expanded our offering to retail business digital transformation such as supermarket and chain stores. Hapi Metaverse is now the largest stockholder of VEII.

Through Hapi Metaverse, we have successfully implemented several strategic platform developments for clients, including a mobile front-end solution for network marketing, a hotel e-commerce platform for a company in Asia and a real estate agent management platform in China. We have also enhanced our technological integration capability to include artificial intelligence in the area of customer service, augmented reality and the metaverse.

While focusing on development and integration services by building white label mobile applications for e-commerce and community engagement such as direct marketing and affiliate marketing, VEII has been working on I.T. Services for major retailers in Asia for retail solutions integration.

We believe that the increasing deployment of the technology, both in membership engagement as well as in the retail industry, will allow for feedback from customers, and help us build a robust and scalable software. Adding latest technological framework, such as A.I. and Metaverse, allows the Company to enhance our clients’ digital transformation journey with better consumer engagement and analytics.

Biohealth Business

With populations aging and a growing focus on healthcare issues, biohealth science has become increasingly vital. We entered the biomedical and healthcare market by forming our biohealth division, which is engaged in developing, researching, testing, manufacturing, licensing and distributing (through retail, direct selling, network marketing and e-commerce) biohealth products and services. We strive to leverage our scientific know-how and intellectual property rights to provide solutions to pending healthcare issues.

In October 2019, the Company expanded its biohealth segment into the Korean market through one of the subsidiaries of HWH International Inc., HWH World Inc. (“HWH World”). HWH World is in the business of sourcing and distributing dietary supplements and other health products through its network of members in the Republic of Korea (“South Korea”). HWH World generates product sales via its direct sale model as products are sold to its members. Through the use of a Hapi Gig platform that combines e-commerce, social media and a customized rewards system, HWH World equips, trains and empowers its members.

On April 23, 2025, the Company completed the sale of HWH World Inc. by Health Wealth Happiness Pte. Ltd. (“HWHPL”) to AES Group Inc. (“AES”), a Korean entity. The sale was consummated under a term sheet signed on April 20, 2025, pursuant to which the Company agreed to transfer its 100% equity interest in HWHKOR to AES. In exchange, AES agreed to issue new shares, representing 19.9% of the enlarged share capital of AES to the Company upon closing. Total of $384,356 gain was generated from this deal and recorded in the Company’s statement of operations.

As of December 31, 2024, the Company held a 39.7% ownership in Impact BioMedical Inc. (“Impact BioMedical”). Impact BioMedical is focused on discovery, development, and commercialization of products and technologies to address unmet needs in human healthcare and wellness for specialty biopharmaceuticals, antivirals, antimicrobials, consumer healthcare, and wellness products in the United States. Impact BioMedical is listed on NYSE American (NYSE: IBO). Between March 31, 2025 and April 4, 2025, the Company and its subsidiaries Alset International Limited and Global Biomedical Pte. Ltd. collectively sold the Company’s entire equity interest in Impact Biomedical Inc. consisting of 4,568,165 shares of Impact’s common stock. The disposition of the Impact stock was made through several sales on the market through a broker. These transactions generated total proceeds of $4,184,575 and resulted in a recognized loss of $2,439,264.

Other Business Activities

In addition to our three principal business activities, we oversee several smaller other business activities at the present time, which we believe complement our three principal businesses.

BMI Capital Partners. Alset International’s wholly-owned Hong Kong subsidiary, BMI Capital Partners International Limited provides consultancy services on corporate restructuring efforts, debt restructuring efforts and capital markets related corporate actions, including potential stock exchange listings.

Alset F&B. The Company, through Alset F&B One Pte. Ltd. (“Alset F&B One”) and Alset F&B (PLQ) Pte. Ltd. (“Alset F&B PLQ”) each acquired a restaurant franchise licenses at the end of 2021 and 2022 respectively. These licenses allow Alset F&B One and Alset F&B PLQ each to operate a Killiney Kopitiam restaurants in Singapore. Killiney Kopitiam, founded in 1919, is a Singapore-based chain of mass-market, traditional kopitiam style service cafes selling traditional coffee and tea, along with a range of local delicacies such as Curry Chicken, Laksa, Mee Siam, and Mee Rebus. In the second quarter of 2024, the Company ceased operations of its subsidiary Alset F&B (PLQ) Pte. Ltd.

Hapi Cafes. The Company, through Hapi Cafe Inc. (“HCI-T”), an indirect majority-owned subsidiary of the Company, commenced operation of two cafés during 2022 and 2021, which are located in Singapore and South Korea.

The cafes are operated by subsidiaries of HCI-T, namely Hapi Cafe SG Pte. Ltd. (“HCSG”) in Singapore and Hapi Cafe Korea Inc. (“HCKI”) in Seoul, South Korea. Hapi Cafes are distinctive lifestyle café outlets that strive to revolutionize the way individuals dine, work and live, by providing a conducive environment for everyone to relish the four facets – health and wellness, fitness, productivity, and recreation all under one roof. On September 13, 2025, the Company ceased operations of its subsidiary Hapi Café Korea Inc.

In 2023 the Company incorporated new subsidiaries Guangdong LeFu Wealth Investment Consulting Co., Ltd. (f.k.a. Shenzhen Leyouyou Catering Management Co., Ltd.) and Dongguan Leyouyou Catering Management Co., Ltd. in the People’s Republic of China. These companies are principally engaged in the food and beverage business in Mainland China.

Additionally, through its subsidiary Hapi Group HK Limited (f.k.a. MOC HK Limited), the Company was focusing on operating café business in Hong Kong. The café was closed on September 16, 2024.

During the years ended on December 31, 2025 and 2024, the revenue from the other business activities described above was approximately 48% and 7% of the total revenue, respectively.

American Pacific Financial Inc. (“APF”) APF is a financial network holding company focused on acquiring equity positions in (i) undervalued commercial bank(s), bank holding companies and nonbanking licensed financial companies operating in the United States, South East Asia, Taiwan, Japan and South Korea, and (ii) companies engaged in—nonbanking activities closely related to banking, including loan syndication services, mortgage banking, trust and escrow services, banking technology, loan servicing, equipment leasing, problem asset management, SPAC (special purpose acquisition company) consulting services, and advisory capital raising services.

Acquisition of New Energy Asia Pacific Inc. On December 13, 2023 the Company entered into a term sheet with Chan Heng Fai (the “Seller”), the Chairman of the Board of Directors, Chief Executive Officer and largest stockholder of the Company. The Company had agreed to purchase from the Seller all of the issued and outstanding shares of New Energy Asia Pacific Inc. (“NEAPI”), a corporation incorporated in the State of Nevada, for the consideration of $103,750,000, to be paid in the form of a convertible promissory note to be issued to the Seller. NEAPI owns 41.5% of the issued and outstanding shares of New Energy Asia Pacific Limited (“New Energy”), a Hong Kong corporation.

The parties mutually agreed to revise this agreement, and on May 8, 2025, the Company and the Seller entered into an Amended Term Sheet (the “Amended Term Sheet”). Under the terms of the Amended Term Sheet, the Company agreed to purchase from the Seller all of the outstanding shares of NEAPI through a stock purchase agreement for a purchase price of $83,000,000 in the form of a promissory note convertible into newly issued shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Convertible Note”). The Convertible Note had an interest rate of 1% per annum. Under the terms of the Convertible Note, the Seller was able to convert any outstanding principal and interest into shares of the Company’s common stock at $3.00 per share upon ten (10) days’ notice prior to maturity of the Convertible Note five (5) years from the date of the Amended Term Sheet, and upon maturity of the Convertible Note any outstanding principal and accrued interest accrued thereunder would automatically be converted into shares of the Company’s common stock at the conversion rate.

New Energy focuses on distributing all-electric versions of special-purpose and transportation vehicles, charging stations and batteries. The Company intends for this to be a strategic move, in line with the Company’s commitment to advancing sustainable and eco-friendly solutions for the future. The Seller is a member of the Board of Directors of New Energy and is a stockholder of New Energy.

The closing of the transactions contemplated by the Amended Term Sheet occurred on July 23, 2025. Additionally, on July 23, 2025, Mr. Chan converted the entire balance of the $83,000,000 Convertible Note into 27,666,667 restricted shares of the Company’s common stock.

Investing Activities. The Company operates a portfolio of trading securities with the objective of generating profits from short-term fluctuations in market prices. The portfolio is actively managed, and securities are bought and sold with the intent to realize gains from price movements within a short-term horizon.

Agreements to Sell Stock of HWH International Inc.

On November 21, 2023, Alset International Limited entered into two Stock Purchase Agreements (each, a “Stock Purchase Agreement,” collectively the “Stock Purchase Agreements”), with each of Teh Wing Kwan, a citizen of Singapore, and Massive Brilliant Limited, a Hong Kong limited company (each an “Investor,” collectively, the “Investors”), the terms of each Stock Purchase Agreement being substantially the same. Pursuant to the terms of the Stock Purchase Agreements, Alset International Limited agreed to sell 640 shares (the “Shares”) of the Common Stock of HWH International Inc., a Nevada corporation and a majority owned subsidiary of the Company (“HWH International”), to each Investor. The consideration for each of the two purchases of stock was $8,000,000 paid through the issuance of a promissory note made to Alset International Limited by each Investor.

Each Investor also entered into a Security Agreement, dated as of November 21, 2023. Security interest in the brokerage account into which each investor deposited the Shares (the “Collateral”) shall in each case serve as security for the Investor’s repayment of their respective promissory note, and repossession of such Collateral by Alset International Limited shall be the sole recourse for non-payment.

Certain members of the Company’s Board of Directors and management are also members of the Board of Directors and management of each of Alset International Limited and HWH International.

On January 9, 2024, HWH International and Alset Capital Acquisition Corp., a Delaware corporation (“Alset Capital”) closed their merger as contemplated by an agreement and plan of merger (the “Merger Agreement”). The closing of the Merger Agreement resulted in HWH International surviving the merger as a wholly owned subsidiary of Alset Capital (the “Merger”), and Alset Capital changing its name to HWH International Inc. (“New HWH”).

The total consideration paid at the closing of the merger by New HWH to HWH International shareholders was 12,500,000 shares of New HWH common stock. Alset International Limited owned the majority of the outstanding shares of HWH International at the time of the business combination, and received 10,900,000 shares of New HWH as consideration for its shares of HWH International.

Upon the closing of the sale of HWH International to Alset Capital, each of the Investors received 6.4% of the consideration for such sale, in the form of 800,000 shares of New HWH apiece.

Sales and Marketing

We focus our corporate marketing efforts on increasing brand awareness, communicating the advantages of our various platforms and generating qualified leads for our sales team. Our corporate marketing plan is designed to continually elevate awareness of our brand and generate demand for our offerings. We rely on a number of channels in this area, including digital advertising, email marketing, social media, affiliate marketing and broad-based media, as well as through various strategic partnerships. We maintain our website at https://www.alsetinc.com, and our various operating subsidiaries maintain individual websites, many of which are accessible through our main website.

Each of our businesses has developed a field sales force in their geographic markets. These sales force teams are responsible for identifying and managing individual sales opportunities in their respective regions.

Competition

The businesses in which we participate, real estate, digital transformation technology and biohealth, are each highly competitive.

Existing and future competitors may introduce products and services in the same markets we serve, and competing products or services may have better performance, lower prices, better functionality and broader acceptance than our products. Our competitors may also add features to their products or services similar to features that presently differentiate our product and service offerings from theirs. This competition could result in decreased sales and increased marketing expenses, thereby materially reducing our operating margins, and could harm our ability to grow, or cause us to lose market share. Some of our competitors and potential competitors supply a wide variety of products and services, and have well-established relationships with our current and prospective customers.

Most, if not all, of our current and potential competitors may have significantly greater resources or better competitive positions in certain product segments, geographic regions or user demographics than we do. These factors may allow our competitors to respond more effectively than us to new or emerging technologies and changes in market conditions. By way of example, in our real estate business, some of our competitors already have the advantage of having created vertically integrated businesses, while other competitors have broader and deeper relationships with sources of financing. Other competitors in our real estate business may have more substantial ties and experience in geographical areas in which we operate.

Our competitors may develop products, features or services that are similar to ours or that achieve greater acceptance, may undertake more far-reaching and successful product development efforts or marketing campaigns, or may adopt more aggressive pricing policies. This is particularly relevant for our digital transformation technology business. Certain competitors could use strong or dominant positions in one or more markets to gain competitive advantage against us in our target market or markets. As a result, our competitors may acquire and engage customers or generate revenue at the expense of our own efforts.

Protection of Proprietary Technology

We rely on a combination of patent, trademark, copyright and trade secret laws in the United States and other jurisdictions, as well as confidentiality procedures and contractual provisions, to protect our proprietary information, technology and brands.

We protect our proprietary information and technology, in part, by generally requiring our employees to enter into agreements providing for the maintenance of confidentiality and the assignment of rights to inventions made by them while employed by us. We also may enter into non-disclosure and invention assignment agreements with certain of our technical consultants to protect our confidential and proprietary information and technology. We cannot assure that our confidentiality agreements with our employees and consultants will not be breached, that we will be able to effectively enforce these agreements, that we will have adequate remedies for any breach of these agreements, or that our trade secrets and other proprietary information and technology will not be disclosed or will otherwise be protected.

We also rely on contractual and license agreements with third parties in connection with their use of our technology and services. There is no guarantee that such parties will abide by the terms of such agreements or that we will be able to adequately enforce our rights. Protection of confidential information, trade secrets and other intellectual property rights in the markets in which we operate and compete is highly uncertain and may involve complex legal questions. We cannot completely prevent the unauthorized use or infringement of our confidential information or intellectual property rights as such prevention is inherently difficult. Costly and time-consuming litigation could be necessary to enforce and determine the scope of our confidential information and intellectual property protection.

Government Regulation

Like many similarly diversified companies, our operations are subject to routine regulation by governmental agencies. Much of this regulation will affect us indirectly, inasmuch as, and to the extent that, it affects our customers more directly. A summary of the laws and regulations that might affect our customers is set forth below.

Real Estate Business. The development of our real estate projects will require us to comply with federal, state and local environmental regulations. In connection with this compliance, our real estate acquisition and development projects will require environmental studies. To date, we have spent approximately $71,431 on environmental studies and compliance. Such costs were reflected in capitalized construction costs in our financial statements and subsequently expensed.

The cost of complying with governmental regulations is significant and will increase if we add additional real estate projects, become involved in homebuilding in the future and are required to comply with certain due diligence procedures related to third party lenders.

At the present time, we believe that we have all of the material government approvals that we need to conduct our business as currently conducted. We are subject to periodic local permitting that must be addressed, but we do not anticipate that such requirements for government approval will have a material impact on our business as presently conducted. We are required to comply with government regulations and to make filings from time to time with various government entities. Such work is typically handled by outside contractors we retain.

Digital Transformation Technology Business. Companies conducting business on the Internet are subject to a number of foreign and domestic laws and regulations. In addition, laws and regulations relating to user privacy, freedom of expression, content, advertising, information security and intellectual property rights are being debated and considered for adoption by many countries throughout the world. Online businesses face risks from some of the proposed legislation that could be passed in the future.

The adoption of any laws or regulations that adversely affect the growth, popularity or use of the Internet, including laws impacting Internet neutrality, could decrease the demand for our services and increase our cost of doing business. As we expand internationally, government regulation concerning the Internet, and in particular, network neutrality, may be nascent or non-existent. Within such a regulatory environment, coupled with potentially significant political and economic power of local network operators, we could experience discriminatory or anti-competitive practices that could impede our growth, cause us to incur additional expense or otherwise negatively affect our business.

In the United States, laws relating to the liability of providers of online services for activities of their users and other third parties are currently being tested by a number of claims, which include actions for libel, slander, invasion of privacy and other tort claims, unlawful activity, copyright and trademark infringement, and other theories based on the nature and content of the materials searched, the ads posted, or the content generated by users. Certain foreign jurisdictions are also testing the liability of providers of online services for activities of their users and other third parties. Any court ruling that imposes liability on providers of online services for activities of their users and other third parties could harm our licensees’ businesses, and thus, indirectly, our business.

Biohealth Business. Our businesses are subject to varying degrees of governmental regulation in the countries in which our operations are conducted, and the general trend is toward increasingly stringent regulation. In the United States, the drug, device and cosmetic industries have long been subject to regulation by various federal and state agencies, primarily as to product safety, efficacy, manufacturing, advertising, labeling and safety reporting. The exercise of broad regulatory powers by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, continues to result in increases in the amounts of testing and documentation required for FDA approval of new drugs and devices and a corresponding increase in the expense of product introduction. Similar trends are also evident in major markets outside of the United States. The new medical device regulatory framework and the new privacy regulations in Europe are examples of such increased regulation.

The costs of human health care have been and continue to be a subject of study, investigation and regulation by governmental agencies and legislative bodies around the world. In the United States, attention has been focused on drug prices and profits and programs that encourage doctors to write prescriptions for particular drugs, or to recommend, use or purchase particular medical devices. Payers have become a more potent force in the market place and increased attention is being paid to drug and medical device pricing, appropriate drug and medical device utilization and the quality and costs of health care generally. The regulatory agencies under whose purview we operate have administrative powers that may subject it to actions such as product withdrawals, recalls, seizure of products and other civil and criminal sanctions. In some cases, our subsidiaries may deem it advisable to initiate product recalls.

In addition, business practices in the health care industry have come under increased scrutiny, particularly in the United States, by government agencies and state attorneys general, and resulting investigations and prosecutions carry the risk of significant civil and criminal penalties.

Further, we rely on global supply chains, and production and distribution processes, that are complex, are subject to increasing regulatory requirements, and may be faced with unexpected changes that may affect sourcing, supply and pricing of materials used in our products. These processes also are subject to lengthy regulatory approvals.

As described above, certain of our businesses are subject to compliance with laws and regulations of U.S. federal and state governments, non-U.S. governments, their respective agencies and/or various self-regulatory organizations or exchanges relating to, among other things, disclosure and the privacy of client information, and any failure to comply with these regulations could expose us to liability and/or damage our reputation. Our businesses have operated for many years within a legal framework that requires us to monitor and comply with a broad range of legal and regulatory developments that affect our activities. However, additional legislation, changes in rules promulgated by self-regulatory organizations or changes in the interpretation or enforcement of existing laws and rules, either in the United States or elsewhere, may directly affect our mode of operation and profitability.

Rigorous legal and compliance analysis of our businesses is endemic to our culture and risk management. Management of each of our businesses supervise our compliance personnel, who are responsible for addressing all regulatory and compliance matters that affect our activities. We strive to maintain a culture of compliance through the use of policies and procedures, including a code of ethics, electronic compliance systems, testing and monitoring, communication of compliance guidance and employee education and training. Our compliance policies and procedures address a variety of regulatory and compliance matters such as the handling of material non-public information, personal securities trading, marketing practices, gifts and entertainment, valuation of investments, recordkeeping, potential conflicts of interest, the allocation of corporate opportunities, collection of fees and expense allocation.

We also monitor the information barriers that we maintain between the public and private sides of our businesses. We believe that our various businesses’ access to the intellectual knowledge and contacts and relationships that reside throughout our firm benefits all of our businesses. To maximize that access without compromising compliance with our legal and contractual obligations, our compliance group oversees and monitors the communications between groups that are on the private side of our information barrier and groups that are on the public side, as well as between different public side groups. Our compliance group also monitors contractual obligations that may be impacted and potential conflicts that may arise in connection with these inter-group discussions.

Facilities

We manage our worldwide business from our principal executive offices located in Bethesda, Maryland, in a leased space of approximately 2,059 square feet, under a lease that expires in 2027. We also maintain leased spaces in Singapore, Hong Kong, South Korea, China and Taiwan through leased spaces aggregating approximately 25,000 square feet, under leases expiring on various dates from May 2026 to April 2029. The leases have rental rates ranging from $1,321 to $23,020 per month. Our total rent expense under these office leases was $793,279 and $1,192,776 in 2025 and 2024, respectively. We expect total rent expense to be approximately $598,372 under office leases in 2026. We believe our present office space and locations are adequate for our current operations and for near-term planned expansion.

Employees

As of March 31, 2026, we had a total of 48 full-time employees. In addition to our full-time employees, we occasionally hire part-time employees and independent contractors to assist us in various operations, including food and beverage services, real estate, research and product development and production.

Our future success will depend in part on our ability to attract, retain and motivate highly qualified technical and sales personnel for whom competition is intense. Our employees are not represented by any collective bargaining unit. We believe our relations with employees and contractors are good.

Additional Information

The Company is subject to the information requirements of the Exchange Act, and, in accordance therewith, files annual, quarterly, and special reports, proxy statements and other information with the Commission. The Commission maintains an Internet website at http://www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the Commission. The periodic reports, proxy statements and other information that the Company files with the Commission are available for inspection on the Commission’s website free of charge as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with or furnished to the Commission.

The Company maintains a website at https://www.alsetinc.com where you may also access these materials free of charge. We have included our website address as an inactive textual reference only and the information contained in, and that can be accessed through, our website is not incorporated into and is not part of this report on Form 10-K.

An investment in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks described below and the other information in this Report before making a decision to invest in our common stock. If any of the following risks and uncertainties develop into actual events, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected. In those cases, the trading price of our common stock could decline and you may lose all or part of your investment. As a “smaller reporting company”, the Company is not required to provide the information required by this item, but below are the risk factors the Company believes investors should consider before purchasing any of the Company’s securities.

Risks Related to Our Company

Management has identified a material weakness in the design and effectiveness of our internal controls, which, if not remediated, could affect the accuracy and timeliness of our financial reporting and result in misstatements in our financial statements.

In connection with the preparation of our Report on Form 10-K, an evaluation was carried out by management, with the participation of our Co-Chief Executive Officers and Co-Chief Financial Officers, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) as of December 31, 2025. Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Co-Chief Executive Officers and Co-Chief Financial Officers, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

During evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2025, conducted as part of our annual audit and preparation of our annual financial statements, management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operations of our disclosure controls and procedures and concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective. Management determined that on December 31, 2025, we had a material weakness that relates to the relatively small number of staff. This limited number of staff prevents us from segregating duties within our internal control system and restricts our ability to timely evaluate the accuracy and completeness of our financial statement disclosures.

This material weakness, which remained unremedied by the Company as of December 31, 2025, could result in a misstatement to the accounts and disclosures that would result in a material misstatement to our annual or interim consolidated financial statements that would not be prevented or detected. If we do not remediate the material weakness or if other material weaknesses are identified in the future, we may be unable to report our financial results accurately or to report them on a timely basis, which could result in the loss of investor confidence and have a material adverse effect on our stock price as well as our ability to access capital and lending markets. We are presently taking efforts to remediate this weakness.

Risks Relating to Our Business

We have a history of annual net losses which may continue and which may negatively impact our ability to achieve our business objectives.

For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, we had revenue of $4,470,875 and $21,115,899, respectively, and net losses of $49,350,566 and $4,165,816 in the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Our failure to increase our revenues or improve our gross margins will harm our business. We may not be able to achieve, sustain or increase profitability on a quarterly or annual basis in the future. If our revenue grows more slowly than we anticipate, our gross margins fail to improve or our operating expenses exceed our expectations, our operating results will suffer. The prices we charge for our properties, products and services may decrease, which would reduce our revenues and harm our business. If we are unable to sell our properties, products and services at acceptable prices relative to our costs, or if we fail to develop and introduce on a timely basis new products or services from which we can derive additional revenues, our financial results will suffer.

We cannot ensure the long-term successful operation of our business or the execution of our growth strategy.

Our prospects must be considered in light of the risks, expenses and difficulties frequently encountered by growing companies in new and rapidly evolving markets. We may meet many challenges including:

• establishing and maintaining broad market acceptance of our products and services and converting that acceptance into direct and indirect sources of revenue;
• establishing and maintaining adoption of our technology on a wide variety of platforms and devices;
• timely and successfully developing new products and services and increasing the features of existing products and services;
• developing products and services that result in high degrees of customer satisfaction and high levels of customer usage;
• successfully responding to competition, including competition from emerging technologies and solutions;
• developing and maintaining strategic relationships to enhance the distribution, features, content and utility of our products and services; and
• identifying, attracting and retaining talented technical and sales services staff at reasonable market compensation rates in the markets in which we operate.

Our growth strategy may be unsuccessful and we may be unable to address the risks we face in a cost-effective manner, if at all. If we are unable to successfully address these risks our business will be harmed.

We have a holding company ownership structure and will depend on distributions from our majority-owned and/or controlled operating subsidiaries to meet our obligations. Contractual or legal restrictions applicable to our subsidiaries could limit payments or distributions from them.

We are a holding company and derive all of our operating income from, and hold substantially all of our assets through, our U.S. and foreign subsidiaries, some of which are publicly held and traded. The effect of this structure is that we will depend on the earnings of our subsidiaries, and the payment or other distributions to us of these earnings, to meet our obligations and make capital expenditures. Provisions of U.S. and foreign corporate and tax law, like those requiring that dividends are paid only out of surplus, and provisions of any future indebtedness, may limit the ability of our subsidiaries to make payments or other distributions to us. Certain of our subsidiaries are minority owned and the assets of these companies are not included in our consolidated balance sheets. Additionally, in the event of the liquidation, dissolution or winding up of any of our subsidiaries, creditors of that subsidiary (including trade creditors) will generally be entitled to payment from the assets of that subsidiary before those assets can be distributed to us.

Our significant ownership interests in public companies listed on limited public trading markets subjects us to risks relating to the sale of their shares and the fluctuations in their stock prices.

We own indirect interests in several publicly traded companies – most significantly, Alset International Limited, whose shares are listed on the Singapore Stock Exchange, DSS, Inc., whose shares are listed on the NYSE American LLC Exchange, Sharing Services Global Corporation, whose shares are quoted on the OTC Expert Market of the OTC Markets Group, Inc., Value Exchange International Inc., whose shares are listed on OTC Expert Market of the OTC Markets Group, Inc., and HWH International Inc., whose shares are trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market; (Winning Catering Group, Inc. and Hapi Metaverse Inc. are not currently traded on any exchange). The average trading volume of the public shares is limited for some of these companies. In view of the limited public trading markets for some of these shares, there can be no assurance that we would succeed in obtaining a price for these shares equal to the price quoted for such shares in their respective trading markets at the time of sale or that we would not incur a loss on our shares should we determine to dispose our shareholding in any of these companies in the future. Additionally, on an ongoing basis, fluctuations in the stock prices of these companies are likely to be reflected in the market price of our common stock. Given the limited public trading markets in some of these public companies, stock price fluctuations in our price may be significant.

General political, social and economic conditions can adversely affect our business.

Demand for our products and services depends, to a significant degree, on general political, social and economic conditions in our markets. Worsening economic and market conditions, downside shocks, or a return to recessionary economic conditions could serve to reduce demand for our products and services and adversely affect our operating results. In addition, an economic downturn could impact the valuation and collectability of certain long-term receivables held by us. We could also be adversely affected by such factors as changes in foreign currency rates and weak economic and political conditions in each of the countries in which we operate.

Disruptions in the financial markets and uncertain economic conditions could adversely affect the value of our real estate investments.

Disruptions in the financial markets could adversely affect the value of our real estate investments. Concerns over economic recession, interest rate increases, policy priorities of the U.S. presidential administration, trade wars, labor shortages, or inflation may contribute to increased volatility and diminished expectations for the economy and markets. Additionally, concern over geopolitical issues may also contribute to prolonged market volatility and instability. For example, the conflict between Russia and Ukraine has led to disruption, instability and volatility in global markets and industries. The U.S. government and other governments in jurisdictions have imposed severe economic sanctions and export controls against Russia and Russian interests, have removed Russia from the SWIFT system, and have threatened additional sanctions and controls. The impact of these measures, as well as potential responses to them by Russia, is unknown. Such conditions could impact real estate fundamentals and result in lower occupancy, lower rental rates, and declining values in our real estate portfolio and in the collateral securing our loan investments. As a result, the value of our property investments could decrease below the amounts paid for such investments, the value of collateral securing our loans could decrease below the outstanding principal amounts of such loans, and revenues from our properties could decrease due to fewer and/or delinquent tenants or lower rental rates. These factors would significantly harm our revenues, results of operations, financial condition, business prospects and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

We have made and expect to continue to make acquisitions as a primary component of our growth strategy. We may not be able to identify suitable acquisition candidates or consummate acquisitions on acceptable terms, which could disrupt our operations and adversely impact our business and operating results.

A primary component of our growth strategy has been to acquire complementary businesses to grow our Company. We intend to continue to pursue acquisitions of complementary technologies, products and businesses as a primary component of our growth strategy to expand our operations and customer base and provide access to new markets and increase benefits of scale. Acquisitions involve certain known and unknown risks that could cause our actual growth or operating results to differ from our expectations. For example:

• we may not be able to identify suitable acquisition candidates or to consummate acquisitions on acceptable terms;
• we may pursue international acquisitions, which inherently pose more risks than domestic acquisitions;
• we compete with others to acquire complementary products, technologies and businesses, which may result in decreased availability of, or increased price for, suitable acquisition candidates;
• we may not be able to obtain the necessary financing, on favorable terms or at all, to finance any or all of our potential acquisitions; and
• we may ultimately fail to consummate an acquisition even if we announce that we plan to acquire a technology, product or business.

We may be unable to successfully integrate acquisitions, which may adversely impact our operations.

Acquired technologies, products or businesses may not perform as we expect and we may fail to realize anticipated revenue and profits. In addition, our acquisition strategy may divert management’s attention away from our existing business, resulting in the loss of key customers or employees, and expose us to unanticipated problems or legal liabilities, including responsibility as a successor for undisclosed or contingent liabilities of acquired businesses or assets.

If we fail to conduct due diligence on our potential targets effectively, we may, for example, not identify problems at target companies or fail to recognize incompatibilities or other obstacles to successful integration. Our inability to successfully integrate future acquisitions could impede us from realizing all of the benefits of those acquisitions and could severely weaken our business operations. The integration process may disrupt our business and, if new technologies, products or businesses are not implemented effectively, may preclude the realization of the full benefits expected by us and could harm our results of operations. In addition, the overall integration of new technologies, products or businesses may result in unanticipated problems, expenses, liabilities and competitive responses. The difficulties integrating an acquisition include, among other things:

• issues in integrating the target company’s technologies, products or businesses with ours;
• incompatibility of marketing and administration methods;
• maintaining employee morale and retaining key employees;
• integrating the cultures of our companies;
• preserving important strategic customer relationships;
• consolidating corporate and administrative infrastructures and eliminating duplicative operations; and
• coordinating and integrating geographically separate organizations.

In addition, even if the operations of an acquisition are integrated successfully, we may not realize the full benefits of the acquisition, including the synergies, cost savings or growth opportunities that we expect. These benefits may not be achieved within the anticipated time frame, or at all.

Acquisitions which we complete may have an adverse impact on our results of operations.

Acquisitions may cause us to:

• issue common stock that would dilute our current stockholders’ ownership percentage;
• use a substantial portion of our cash resources;

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• increase our interest expense, leverage and debt service requirements if we incur additional debt to pay for an acquisition;
• assume liabilities for which we do not have indemnification from the former owners; further, indemnification obligations may be subject to dispute or concerns regarding the creditworthiness of the former owners;
• record goodwill and non-amortizable intangible assets that are subject to impairment testing and potential impairment charges;
• experience volatility in earnings due to changes in contingent consideration related to acquisition earn-out liability estimates;
• incur amortization expenses related to certain intangible assets;
• lose existing or potential contracts as a result of conflict-of-interest issues;
• become subject to adverse tax consequences or deferred compensation charges;
• incur large and immediate write-offs; or
• become subject to litigation.

Our resources may not be sufficient to manage our expected growth; failure to properly manage our potential growth would be detrimental to our business.

We may fail to adequately manage our anticipated future growth. Any growth in our operations will place a significant strain on our administrative, financial and operational resources and increase demands on our management and on our operational and administrative systems, controls and other resources. We cannot assure you that our existing personnel, systems, procedures or controls will be adequate to support our operations in the future or that we will be able to successfully implement appropriate measures consistent with our growth strategy. As part of this growth, we may have to implement new operational and financial systems, procedures and controls to expand, train and manage our employee base, and maintain close coordination among our technical, accounting, finance, marketing and sales teams. We cannot guarantee that we will be able to do so, or that if we are able to do so, we will be able to effectively integrate them into our existing staff and systems. There may be greater strain on our systems as we acquire new businesses, requiring us to devote significant management time and expense to the ongoing integration and alignment of management, systems, controls and marketing. If we are unable to manage growth effectively, such as if our sales and marketing efforts exceed our capacity to design and produce our products and services or if new employees are unable to achieve performance levels, our business, operating results and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.

Our officers will allocate some of their time to other business ventures including but not limited to subsidiaries of our Company, thereby limiting the amount of time they are able to devote to our affairs. This potential time management conflict could have a negative impact on our operations.

Several of our officers and directors also serve as officers and directors of entities where we are the direct or indirect majority stockholder, including but not limited to Alset International Limited, HWH International Inc., and Hapi Metaverse Inc. In addition, some of our officers and directors also serve as officers and directors of other businesses, including businesses that we hold a non-majority positions in. These officers may not commit their full time to our affairs, which may result in a conflict of interest in allocating their time between our operations and the operations of our subsidiaries or other business ventures. These officers are not obligated to contribute any specific number of hours per week to our affairs. While we do not believe that the time devoted to other affairs will undermine their ability to fulfill their duties with respect to our Company, if the business affairs of our subsidiaries or other ventures require them to devote substantial amounts of time to such affairs, it could limit their ability to devote time to our affairs which may have a negative impact on our operations.

Our officers, including our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Chan Heng Fai, will allocate some of their time to HWH International Inc., thereby causing potential conflicts of interest in their determination as to how much time to devote to our affairs. This potential conflict of interest could have a negative impact on our operations.

Rongguo Wei, our Chief Financial Officer, also serves in this position for HWH International Inc. (“HWH International”), and Chan Heng Fai, our Chairman, serves as a director and Chief Executive Officer of HWH International. These officers may not commit their full time to our affairs, which may result in a conflict of interest in allocating their time between our operations and HWH International’s operations. These officers are engaged in HWH International and are not obligated to contribute any specific number of hours per week to our affairs. While we do not believe that the time devoted to HWH International will undermine their ability to fulfill their duties with respect to our Company, if the business affairs of HWH International require them to devote substantial amounts of time to such affairs, it could limit their ability to devote time to our affairs which may have a negative impact on our operations.

Our international operations are subject to increased risks which could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

In addition to uncertainty about our ability to expand our international market position, there are risks inherent in doing business internationally, including:

• trade barriers, tariffs and changes in trade regulations;
• difficulties in developing, staffing and simultaneously managing a large number of varying foreign operations as a result of distance, language and cultural differences;
• the need to comply with varied local laws and regulations;
• longer payment cycles;
• possible credit risk and higher levels of payment fraud;
• profit repatriation restrictions and foreign currency exchange restrictions;
• political or social unrest, economic instability or human rights issues;
• geopolitical events, including acts of war and terrorism;
• import or export regulations;
• compliance with U.S. laws (such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act), and local laws prohibiting corrupt payments to government officials;
• laws and business practices that favor local competitors or prohibit foreign ownership of certain businesses; and
• different and more stringent data protection, privacy and other laws.

Our failure to manage any of these risks successfully could harm our international operations and our overall business, and results of our operations.

If we are unable to retain the services of Chan Heng Fai or if we are unable to successfully recruit qualified personnel, we may not be able to continue operations.

Our success depends to a significant extent upon the continued service of Chan Heng Fai, our founder, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. The loss of the services of Chan Heng Fai could have a material adverse effect on our growth, revenues and prospective business. If Chan Heng Fai was to resign or we are unable to retain his services, the loss could result in loss of sales, delays in new product development and diversion of management resources. We could face high costs and substantial difficulty in hiring a qualified successor and could experience a loss in productivity while any such successor obtains the necessary training and experience. Chan Heng Fai has committed that the majority of his time will be devoted to managing the affairs of our Company; however, Chan Heng Fai may engage in other business ventures, including other technology-related businesses.

In order to successfully implement and manage our businesses, we are also dependent upon successfully recruiting qualified personnel. In particular, we must hire and retain experienced management personnel to help us continue to grow and manage each business, and skilled engineering, product development, marketing and sales personnel to further our research and product development efforts. Competition for qualified personnel is intense. If we do not succeed in attracting new personnel or in retaining and motivating our current personnel, our business could be harmed.

If we do not successfully develop new products and services, our business may be harmed.

Our business and operating results may be harmed if we fail to expand our various product and service offerings (either through internal product or capability development initiatives or through partnerships and acquisitions) in such a way that achieves widespread market acceptance or that generates significant revenue and gross profits to offset our operating and other costs. We may not successfully identify, develop and market new product and service offerings in a timely manner. If we introduce new products and services, they may not attain broad market acceptance or contribute meaningfully to our revenue or profitability. Competitive or technological developments may require us to make substantial, unanticipated capital expenditures in new products and technologies or in new strategic partnerships, and we may not have sufficient resources to make these expenditures. Because the markets for many of our products and services are subject to rapid change, we may need to expand and/or evolve our product and service offerings quickly. Delays and cost overruns could affect our ability to respond to technological changes, evolving industry standards, competitive developments or customer requirements and harm our business and operating results.

Your investment return may be reduced if we are required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act; if we or our majority-owned and/or controlled operating subsidiaries become an unregistered investment company, then we would need to modify our business philosophy and/or make other changes to our asset composition.

Neither we nor any of our majority-owned and/or controlled subsidiaries intend to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940. If we or our subsidiaries were obligated to register as investment companies, then we would have to comply with a variety of regulatory requirements under the Investment Company Act that impose, among other things:

• limitations on capital structure;
• restrictions on specified investments;
• prohibitions on transactions with affiliates; and
• compliance with reporting, record keeping, voting, proxy disclosure and other rules and regulations that would significantly increase our operating expenses.

Under the relevant provisions of Section 3(a)(1) of the Investment Company Act, an investment company is any issuer that:

• pursuant to Section 3(a)(1)(A), is or holds itself out as being engaged primarily, or proposes to engage primarily, in the business of investing, reinvesting or trading in securities (the “primarily engaged test”); or
• pursuant to Section 3(a)(1)(C), is engaged or proposes to engage in the business of investing, reinvesting, owning, holding or trading in securities and owns or proposes to acquire “investment securities” having a value exceeding 40% of the value of such issuer’s total assets (exclusive of United States government securities and cash items) on an unconsolidated basis (the “40% asset test”). “Investment securities” exclude United States government securities and securities of majority-owned subsidiaries that are not themselves investment companies and are not relying on the exception from the definition of investment company under Section 3(c)(1) or Section 3(c)(7) (relating to private investment companies).

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Neither we nor any of our majority-owned and/or controlled subsidiaries should be required to register as an investment company under either of the tests above. With respect to the 40% asset test, most of the entities through which we and our majority-owned and/or controlled subsidiaries will own assets will in turn be majority-owned and/or controlled subsidiaries that will not themselves be investment companies and will not be relying on the exceptions from the definition of investment company under Section 3(c)(1) or Section 3(c)(7) (relating to private investment companies).

With respect to the primarily engaged test, we, together with our majority-owned and/or controlled subsidiaries, are a holding company and do not intend to invest or trade in securities. Rather, through our majority-owned and/or controlled subsidiaries, we will be primarily engaged in the non-investment company businesses of these subsidiaries, namely, real estate, digital transformation technology and biohealth.

To maintain compliance with the Investment Company Act, our majority-owned and/or controlled operating subsidiaries may be unable to sell assets we would otherwise want them to sell and may need to sell assets we would otherwise wish them to retain. In addition, our subsidiaries may have to acquire additional assets that they might not otherwise have acquired or may have to forego opportunities to buy minority equity interests that we would otherwise want them to make and would be important to our business philosophy. Moreover, the SEC or its staff may issue interpretations with respect to various types of assets that are contrary to our views and current SEC staff interpretations are subject to change, which increases the risk of non-compliance and the risk that we may be forced to make adverse changes to our asset composition. If we were required to register as an investment company but failed to do so, we would be prohibited from engaging in our current business and criminal and civil actions could be brought against us. In addition, our contracts would be unenforceable unless a court required enforcement and a court could appoint a receiver to take control of our Company and liquidate our business.

If we do not adequately protect our intellectual property rights, we may experience a loss of revenue and our operations may be materially harmed.

We rely on and expect to continue to rely on a combination of confidentiality and license agreements with our employees, consultants and third parties with whom we have relationships, as well as patent, trademark, copyright and trade secret protection laws, to protect our intellectual property and proprietary rights. We cannot assure you that we can adequately protect our intellectual property or successfully prosecute potential infringement of our intellectual property rights. Also, we cannot assure you that others will not assert rights in, or ownership of, trademarks and other proprietary rights of ours or that we will be able to successfully resolve these types of conflicts to our satisfaction. Our failure to protect our intellectual property rights may result in a loss of revenue and could materially harm our operations and financial condition.

New legislation, regulations or rules related to obtaining patents or enforcing patents could significantly increase our operating costs and decrease our revenue.

We spend a significant number of resources to enforce our patent assets. If new legislation, regulations or rules are implemented either by Congress, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (the “USPTO”), any state or the courts that impact the patent application process, the patent enforcement process or the rights of patent holders, these changes could negatively affect our expenses and revenue and any reductions in the funding of the USPTO could negatively impact the value of our assets.

A number of states have adopted or are considering legislation to make the patent enforcement process more difficult for non-practicing entities, such as allowing such entities to be sued in state court and setting higher standards of proof for infringement claims. We cannot predict what, if any, impact these state initiatives will have on the operation of our enforcement business. However, such legislation could increase the uncertainties and costs surrounding the enforcement of our patented technologies, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.

In addition, the U.S. Department of Justice has conducted reviews of the patent system to evaluate the impact of patent assertion entities on industries in which those patents relate. It is possible that the findings and recommendations of the Department of Justice could impact the ability to effectively license and enforce standards-essential patents and could increase the uncertainties and costs surrounding the enforcement of any such patented technologies.

Finally, new rules regarding the burden of proof in patent enforcement actions could significantly increase the cost of our enforcement actions, and new standards or limitations on liability for patent infringement could negatively impact any revenue we might derive from such enforcement actions.

For our real estate business, the market for real estate is subject to fluctuations that may impact the value of the land or housing inventory that we hold, which may impact the price of our common stock.

Investors should be aware that the value of any real estate we own may fluctuate from time to time in connection with broader market conditions and regulatory issues, which we cannot predict or control, including interest rates, the availability of credit, the tax benefits of homeownership and wage growth, unemployment and demographic trends in the regions in which we may conduct business. Should the price of real estate decline in the areas in which we have purchased land, the price at which we will be able to sell lots to home builders, or if we build houses, the price at which we can sell such houses to buyers, will decline.

Zoning and land use regulations impacting the land development and homebuilding industries may limit our activities and increase our expenses, which would adversely affect our financial results.

We must comply with zoning and land use regulations impacting the land development and home building industries. We will need to obtain the approval of various government agencies to expand our operations into new areas and to commence the building of homes. Our ability to gain the necessary approvals is not certain, and the expense and timing of approval processes may increase in ways that adversely impact our profits.

Health and safety incidents that occur in connection with our potential expansion into the homebuilding business could be costly with uninsured losses.

If we commence operations in the homebuilding business, we will be exposed to the danger of health and safety risks to our employees and contractors. Health and safety incidents could result in the loss of the services of valued employees and contractors and expose us to significant litigation and fines. Insurance may not cover, or may be insufficient to cover, such losses, and premiums may rise.

Adverse weather conditions, natural disasters and man-made disasters may delay our real estate development projects or cause additional expenses.

The land development operations which we currently conduct and the construction projects which we may become involved in at a later date may be adversely impacted by unexpected weather and natural disasters, including storms, hurricanes, tornados, floods, blizzards, fires and earthquakes. Man-made disasters including terrorist attacks, electrical outages and cyber-security incidents may also impact the costs and timing of the completion of our projects. Cyber-security incidents, including those that result in the loss of financial or other personal data, could expose us to litigation and reputational damage. If insurance is unavailable to us on acceptable terms, or if our insurance is not adequate to cover business interruptions and losses from the conditions described above and similar incidents, our results of operations will be adversely affected. In addition, damage to new homes caused by these conditions may cause our insurance costs to increase.

We may face liability for information displayed on or accessible via our website, and for other content and commerce-related activities, which could reduce our net worth and working capital and increase our operating losses.

We could face claims for errors, defamation, negligence or copyright or trademark infringement based on the nature and content of information displayed on or accessible via our website, which could adversely affect our financial condition. Even to the extent that claims made against us do not result in liability, we may incur substantial costs in investigating and defending such claims.

Our insurance, if any, may not cover all potential claims to which we are exposed or may not be adequate to indemnify us for all liabilities that may be exposed. Any imposition of liability that is not covered by insurance or is in excess of insurance coverage would reduce our net worth and working capital and increase our operating losses.

Any failure of our network could lead to significant disruptions in our businesses, which could damage our reputation, reduce our revenues or otherwise harm our businesses.

All of our businesses and, in particular, our digital transformation technology business unit, are dependent upon providing our customers with fast, efficient and reliable services. A reduction in the performance, reliability or availability of our network infrastructure may harm our ability to distribute our products and services to our customers, as well as our reputation and ability to attract and retain customers and content providers. Our systems and operations are susceptible to, and could be damaged or interrupted by outages caused by fire, flood, power loss, telecommunications failure, Internet or mobile network breakdown, earthquakes and similar events. Our systems are also subject to human error, security breaches, power losses, computer viruses, break-ins, “denial of service” attacks, sabotage, intentional acts of vandalism and tampering designed to disrupt our computer systems and network communications, and our systems could be subject to greater vulnerability in periods of high employee turnover. A sudden and significant increase in traffic on our customers’ websites or demand from mobile users could strain the capacity of the software, hardware and telecommunications systems that we deploy or use. This could lead to slower response times or system failures. Our failure to protect our network against damage from any of these events could harm our business.

Public scrutiny of Internet privacy and security issues may result in increased regulation and different industry standards, which could deter or prevent us from providing our current products and solutions to our members and customers, thereby harming our business.

The regulatory framework for privacy and security issues worldwide is evolving and is likely to remain in flux for the foreseeable future. Practices regarding the collection, use, storage, display, processing, transmission and security of personal information by companies offering online services have recently come under increased public scrutiny. The U.S. government, including the White House, the Federal Trade Commission, the Department of Commerce and many state governments, are reviewing the need for greater regulation of the collection, use and storage of information concerning consumer behavior with respect to online services, including regulation aimed at restricting certain targeted advertising practices and collection and use of data from mobile devices. The Federal Trade Commission in particular has approved consent decrees resolving complaints and their resulting investigations into the privacy and security practices of a number of online, social media companies. Similar actions may also impact us directly.

Our business, including our ability to operate and expand internationally or on new technology platforms, could be adversely affected if legislation or regulations are adopted, interpreted, or implemented in a manner that is inconsistent with our current business practices that may require changes to these practices, the design of our websites, mobile applications, products, features or our privacy policy. In particular, the success of our business is expected to be driven by our ability to responsibly use the data that our members share with us. Therefore, our business could be harmed by any significant change to applicable laws, regulations or industry standards or practices regarding the storage, use or disclosure of data our members choose to share with us, or regarding the manner in which the express or implied consent of consumers for such use and disclosure is obtained. Such changes may require us to modify our products and features, possibly in a material manner, and may limit our ability to develop new products and features that make use of the data that we collect about our members.

Particularly with regard to our biohealth business, product reliability, safety and effectiveness concerns can have significant negative impact on sales and results of operations, lead to litigation and cause reputational damage.

Concerns about product safety, whether raised internally or by litigants, regulators or consumer advocates, and whether or not based on scientific evidence, can result in safety alerts, product recalls, governmental investigations, regulatory action on the part of the FDA (or its counterpart in other countries), private claims and lawsuits, payment of fines and settlements, declining sales and reputational damage. These circumstances can also result in damage to brand image, brand equity and consumer trust in our products. Product recalls could in the future prompt government investigations and inspections, the shutdown of manufacturing facilities, continued product shortages and related sales declines, significant remediation costs, reputational damage, possible civil penalties and criminal prosecution.

Significant challenges or delays in our innovation and development of new products, technologies and indications could have an adverse impact on our long-term success.

Our continued growth and success depend on our ability to innovate and develop new and differentiated products and services that address the evolving health care needs of patients, providers and consumers. Development of successful products and technologies is also necessary to offset revenue losses when our existing products lose market share due to various factors such as competition and loss of patent exclusivity. We cannot be certain when or whether we will be able to develop, license or otherwise acquire companies, products and technologies, whether particular product candidates will be granted regulatory approval, and, if approved, whether the products will be commercially successful.

We pursue product development through internal research and development as well as through collaborations, acquisitions, joint ventures and licensing or other arrangements with third parties. In all of these contexts, developing new products, particularly biotechnology products, requires a significant commitment of resources over many years. Only a very few biopharmaceutical research and development programs result in commercially viable products. The process depends on many factors, including the ability to discern patients’ and healthcare providers’ future needs; develop new compounds, strategies and technologies; achieve successful clinical trial results; secure effective intellectual property protection; obtain regulatory approvals on a timely basis; and, if and when they reach the market, successfully differentiate our products from competing products and approaches to treatment. New products or enhancements to existing products may not be accepted quickly or significantly in the marketplace for healthcare providers, and there may be uncertainty over third-party reimbursement. Even following initial regulatory approval, the success of a product can be adversely impacted by safety and efficacy findings in larger real world patient populations, as well as market entry of competitive products.

Our competitors may have greater financial and other resources than we do and those advantages could make it difficult for us to compete with them.

Our three principal businesses, real estate, digital transformation technology and biohealth activities are each highly competitive and constantly changing. We expect that competition will continue to intensify. Increased competition may result in price reductions, reduced margins, loss of customers, and changes in our business and marketing strategies, any of which could harm our business. Current and potential competitors may have longer operating histories, greater name recognition, more employees and significantly greater financial, technical, marketing, public relations and distribution resources than we do. In addition, new competitors with potentially unique or more desirable products or services may enter the market at any time. The competitive environment may require us to make changes in our products, pricing, licensing, services or marketing to maintain and extend our current brand and technology. Price concessions or the emergence of other pricing, licensing and distribution strategies or technology solutions of competitors may reduce our revenue, margins or market share, any of which will harm our business. Other changes we have to make in response to competition could cause us to expend significant financial and other resources, disrupt our operations, strain relationships with partners, or release products and enhancements before they are thoroughly tested, any of which could harm our operating results and stock price.

Since some members of our board of directors are not residents of the United States and certain of our assets are located outside of the United States, you may not be able to enforce a U.S. judgment for claims you may bring against such directors or assets.

Several members of our senior management team, including Chan Heng Fai, have their primary residences and business offices in Asia, and a portion of our assets and a substantial portion of the assets of these directors are located outside the United States. As a result, it may be more difficult for you to enforce a lawsuit within the United States against these non-U.S. residents than if they were residents of the United States. Also, it may be more difficult for you to enforce any judgment obtained in the United States against our assets or the assets of our non-U.S. resident management located outside the United States than if these assets were located within the United States. We cannot assure you that foreign courts would enforce liabilities predicated on U.S. federal securities laws in original actions commenced in such foreign jurisdiction, or judgments of U.S. courts obtained in actions based upon the civil liability provisions of U.S. federal securities laws.

We may be required to record a significant charge to earnings if our real estate properties become impaired.

Our policy is to obtain an independent third-party valuation for each major project in the United States to identify triggering events for impairment. Our management may use a market comparison method to value other relatively small projects. In addition to the annual assessment of potential triggering events in accordance with ASC 360 – Property Plant and Equipment (“ASC 360”), we apply a fair value-based impairment test to the net book value assets on an annual basis and on an interim basis if certain events or circumstances indicate that an impairment loss may have occurred.

Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates affect our operating results.

A portion of our revenues arises from international operations. Revenues generated and expenses incurred by our international subsidiaries are often denominated in the currencies of the local countries. As a result, our consolidated U.S. dollar financial statements are subject to fluctuations due to changes in exchange rates as the financial results of our international subsidiaries are translated from local currencies into U.S. dollars. In addition, our financial results are subject to changes in exchange rates that impact the settlement of transactions in non-local currencies.

The effect of foreign exchange rate changes on the intercompany loans (under ASC 830), which mostly consist of loans from Singapore to the United States and were approximately $28 million and $30 million on December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, are the reason for the significant fluctuation of foreign currency transaction Gain or Loss on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Income. Because the intercompany loan balances between Singapore and United States will remain at approximately $28 million over the next year, we expect this fluctuation of foreign exchange rates to still significantly impact the results of operations in 2026, especially given that the foreign exchange rate may and is expected to be volatile. If the amount of intercompany loans is lowered in the future, the effect will also be reduced. However, at this moment, we do not expect to repay the intercompany loans in the short term.

Our international operations expose us to additional legal and regulatory risks, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial conditions.

At the present time, the majority of our activities are conducted in the United States (particularly with regard to our real estate operations). However, we also have operations worldwide through employees, contractors and agents, as well as those companies to which we outsource certain of our business operations. Compliance with foreign and U.S. laws and regulations that apply to our international operations increase our cost of doing business. These numerous and sometimes conflicting laws and regulations include, among others, labor relations laws, tax laws, anti-competition regulations, import and trade restrictions, data privacy requirements, export requirements, and anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws.

Our business activities currently are subject to no particular regulation by governmental agencies in the United States or the other countries in which we operate other than that routinely imposed on corporate businesses, and no such regulation is currently anticipated. As our operations expand, we anticipate that we will need to comply with laws and regulations in additional jurisdictions.

There is a risk that we may inadvertently breach some provisions which apply to us at the present time or which may apply to us in the future. Violations of these laws and regulations could result in fines, criminal sanctions against us, our officers or our employees, requirements to obtain export licenses, cessation of business activities in sanctioned countries, implementation of compliance programs, and prohibitions on the conduct of our business. Violations of laws and regulations also could result in prohibitions on our ability to operate in one or more countries and could materially damage our reputation, our ability to attract and retain employees, or our business, results of operations and financial condition.

If tariffs or other restrictions are placed on foreign imports or any related counter-measures are taken by other countries, our business and results of operations could be harmed.

At the present time, we do not sell any products produced in China and have no plans to commence manufacturing in China; however, this may change at some point in the future. The current administration has put into place tariffs and other trade restrictions. The current or future administrations may additionally alter trade agreements and terms between the United States and China, among other countries, including limiting trade and/or imposing tariffs on imports from such countries. In addition, China, among others, has either threatened or put into place retaliatory tariffs of their own. Should we commence manufacturing in China, and if tariffs or other restrictions are placed on foreign imports, including on any of our products manufactured overseas for sale in the United States, or any related counter-measures are taken by other countries, our business and results of operations may be materially harmed.

These tariffs have the potential to significantly raise the cost of any products we may manufacture in China. In such a case, there can be no assurance that we will be able to shift manufacturing and supply agreements to non-impacted countries, including the United States, to reduce the effects of the tariffs. As a result, we may suffer margin erosion or be required to raise our prices, which may result in the loss of customers, negatively impact our results of operations, or otherwise harm our business. Additionally, the imposition of tariffs on products that we export to international markets could make such products more expensive compared to those of our competitors if we pass related additional costs on to our customers, which may also result in the loss of customers, negatively impact our results of operations, or otherwise harm our business.

We will incur increased costs as a result of being a U.S. public company, and our management expects to devote substantial time to public company compliance programs.

As a public company, we incur significant legal, insurance, accounting and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, Nasdaq Capital Market listing requirements and other applicable securities rules and regulations impose various requirements on public companies. Our management and administrative staff need to devote a substantial amount of time to comply with these requirements. For example, in connection with becoming a public company, we need to adopt additional internal controls and disclosure controls and procedures and bear all of the internal and external costs of preparing periodic and current public reports in compliance with our obligations under the securities laws. We intend to commit resources to comply with evolving laws, regulations and standards, and this commitment will result in increased general and administrative expenses and may divert management’s time and attention away from product development activities. If for any reason our efforts to comply with new laws, regulations and standards differ from the activities intended by regulatory or governing bodies, regulatory authorities may initiate legal proceedings against us and our business may be harmed.

Additionally, in order to comply with the requirements of being a public company, we may need to undertake various actions, including implementing new internal controls and procedures and hiring new accounting or internal audit staff. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires that we maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting. We are continuing to develop and refine our disclosure controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file with the SEC is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that information required to be disclosed in reports under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), is accumulated and communicated to our principal executive and financial officers. Any failure to develop or maintain effective controls could adversely affect the results of our periodic management evaluations. In the event that we are not able to demonstrate compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, that our internal control over financial reporting is perceived as inadequate, or that we are unable to produce timely or accurate consolidated financial statements, investors may lose confidence in our operating results and the price of our common stock could decline. In addition, if we are unable to continue to meet these requirements, we could be subject to sanctions or investigations by Nasdaq, the SEC or other regulatory authorities, and we may not be able to remain listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market.

Prior to becoming a public company, we were not required to comply with the SEC’s rules that implement Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and therefore were not required to make a formal assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting for that purpose. We are now required to comply with certain of these rules, which require management to certify financial and other information in our quarterly and annual reports and provide an annual management report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting commencing with our second annual report. This assessment needs to include the disclosure of any material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting identified by our management or our independent registered public accounting firm. To achieve compliance with Section 404 within the prescribed period, we are engaged in a costly and challenging process to document and evaluate our internal control over financial reporting. In this regard, we need to continue to dedicate internal resources, potentially engage outside consultants and adopt a detailed work plan to assess and document the adequacy of our internal control over financial reporting. We also need to continue to improve our control processes as appropriate, validate through testing that our controls are functioning as documented and implement a continuous reporting and improvement process for our internal control over financial reporting. Despite our efforts, there is a risk that we will not be able to conclude, within the prescribed timeframe or at all, that our internal control over financial reporting is effective as required by Section 404.

If we are unable to address the weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, investors may lose confidence in our Company and it could result in material errors in our financial statements.

We have identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. If we do not remediate the material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results or file our periodic reports in a timely manner, which may cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information and may lead to a decline in the market price of our common stock.

Our business is subject to reporting requirements that continue to evolve and change, which could continue to require significant compliance effort and resources.

Because our common stock is publicly traded, we will be subject to certain rules and regulations of federal, state and financial market exchange entities charged with the protection of investors and the oversight of companies whose securities are publicly traded. These entities, including the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB), the SEC and the Nasdaq Capital Market, periodically issue new requirements and regulations and legislative bodies also review and revise applicable laws. As interpretation and implementation of these laws and rules and promulgation of new regulations continues, we will continue to be required to commit significant financial and managerial resources and incur additional expenses to address such laws, rules and regulations, which could in turn reduce our financial flexibility and create distractions for management.

Any of these events, in combination or individually, could disrupt our business and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock

Our stock price may be volatile and your investment could decline in value.

The market price of our common stock may fluctuate substantially as a result of many factors, some of which are beyond our control. These fluctuations could cause you to lose all or part of the value of your investment in our common stock. Factors that could cause fluctuations in the market price of our common stock include the following:

• quarterly variations in our results of operations;
• results of operations that vary from the expectations of securities analysts and investors;
• results of operations that vary from those of our competitors;
• changes in expectations as to our future financial performance, including financial estimates by securities analysts;
• publication of research reports about us or the industries in which we participate;

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• announcements by us or our competitors of significant contracts, acquisitions or capital commitments;
• announcements by third parties of significant legal claims or proceedings against us;
• changes affecting the availability of financing for smaller publicly traded companies like us;
• regulatory developments in the real estate, digital transformation technology or biohealth businesses;
• significant future sales of our common stock, and additions or departures of key personnel;
• the realization of any of the other risk factors presented in this Report; and
• general economic, market and currency factors and conditions unrelated to our performance.

In addition, the stock market in general has experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to operating performance of individual companies. These broad market factors may seriously harm the market price of our common stock, regardless of our operating performance. In the past, following periods of volatility in the market price of a company’s securities, securities class action litigation has often been instituted. A class action suit against us could result in significant liabilities and, regardless of the outcome, could result in substantial costs and the diversion of our management’s attention and resources.

Investors purchasing our common stock may be diluted by the issuance of stock options.

To the extent stock options are issued pursuant to our 2025 Incentive Compensation Plan in the future and ultimately exercised, there will be further dilution of the common stock. See “Dilution”.

Future sales, or the perception of future sales, of a substantial amount of our shares of common stock could depress the trading price of our common stock.

If we or our stockholders sell substantial amounts of our shares of common stock in the public market or if the market perceives that these sales could occur, the market price of shares of our common stock could decline. These sales may make it more difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and price that we deem appropriate, or to use equity as consideration for future acquisitions.

As of March 31, 2026, we have 250,000,000 shares of common stock authorized, and 38,895,830 shares of common stock outstanding.

If securities or industry analysts do not publish or cease publishing research or reports about us, our business or our market, or if they change their recommendations regarding our stock adversely, or if our actual results differ significantly from our guidance, our stock price and trading volume could decline.

The trading market for our common stock will be influenced by the research and reports that industry or securities analysts may publish about us, our business, our market or our competitors. If any of the analysts who may cover us change their recommendation regarding our stock adversely, or provide more favorable relative recommendations about our competitors, our stock price would likely decline. If any analyst who may cover us were to cease coverage of our Company or fail to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline.

In addition, from time to time, we may release earnings guidance or other forward-looking statements in our earnings releases, earnings conference calls or otherwise regarding our future performance that represent our management’s estimates as of the date of release. Some or all of the assumptions of any future guidance that we furnish may not materialize or may vary significantly from actual future results. Any failure to meet guidance or analysts’ expectations could have a material adverse effect on the trading price or volume of our stock.

Anti-takeover provisions in our charter documents could discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our Company and may affect the trading price of our common stock.

Our corporate documents and the Texas Business Organizations Code contain provisions that may enable our board of directors to resist a change in control of our Company even if a change in control were to be considered favorable by you and other stockholders. These provisions include:

• authorize the issuance of “blank check” preferred stock that could be issued by our board of directors to help defend against a takeover attempt;
• establish that advance notice requirements for nominating directors and proposing matters to be voted on by stockholders at stockholder meetings will be as provided in the bylaws; and
• provide that stockholders are only entitled to call a special meeting upon written request by 50% of the outstanding common stock.

In addition, Section 21.606 of the Texas Business Organizations Code prohibits large stockholders, in particular those owning 20% or more of our outstanding voting stock, from merging or consolidating with us within a three-year period immediately following the shareholder’s acquisition of shares except under certain circumstances. These provisions and other provisions under Texas law could discourage, delay or prevent a transaction involving a change in control of our Company. These provisions could also discourage proxy contests and make it more difficult for you and other stockholders to elect directors of your choosing and cause us to take other corporate actions you desire.

Concentration of ownership of our common stock by our principal stockholder will limit new investors from influencing significant corporate decisions.

As of March 31, 2026, our principal stockholder Chan Heng Fai owns approximately 90.5% of our outstanding shares of common stock. He will be able to make decisions such as (i) making amendments to our certificate of incorporation and bylaws, (ii) whether to issue additional shares of common stock and preferred stock, including to himself, (iii) employment decisions, including compensation arrangements, (iv) whether to enter into material transactions with related parties, (v) election and removal of directors and (vi) any merger or other significant corporate transactions. The interests of Chan Heng Fai may not coincide with our interests or the interests of other stockholders.

We do not expect to pay any dividends on our common stock for the foreseeable future.

We currently expect to retain all future earnings, if any, for future operation, expansion and debt repayment and have no current plans to pay any cash dividends to holders of our common stock for the foreseeable future. Any decision to declare and pay dividends in the future will be made at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on, among other things, our operating results, financial condition, cash requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant. In addition, our ability to pay dividends may be limited by covenants of any existing and future outstanding indebtedness we or our subsidiaries incur. As a result, you may not receive any return on an investment in our common stock unless you sell our common stock for a price greater than that which you paid for it.

We have 25,000,000 authorized unissued shares of preferred stock, and our board has the ability to designate the rights and preferences of this preferred stock without your vote.

Our certificate of incorporation authorizes our board of directors to issue “blank check” preferred stock and to fix the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions, including voting rights, of these shares, without further stockholder approval. The rights of the holders of common stock will be subject to and may be adversely affected by the rights of holders of any preferred stock that may be issued in the future. As indicated in the preceding risk factor, the ability to issue preferred stock without stockholder approval could have the effect of making it more difficult for a third party to acquire a majority of the voting stock of our Company thereby discouraging, delaying or preventing a change in control of our Company. We currently have no outstanding shares of preferred stock, or plans to issue any such shares in the future.

Risk Management and Strategy

We recognize the critical importance of developing, implementing, and maintaining robust cybersecurity measures to safeguard our information systems and protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of our data.

Managing Material Risks and Integrated Overall Risk Management

We have strategically integrated cybersecurity risk management into our broader risk management framework to promote a company-wide culture of cybersecurity risk management. This integration ensures that cybersecurity considerations are an integral part of our decision-making processes at every level. Our management continuously evaluate and addresses cybersecurity risks in alignment with our business objectives and operational needs.

Risks from Cybersecurity Threats

We have not encountered cybersecurity challenges that have materially impaired our operations or financial standing.

Cybersecurity Governance

Our Board considers cybersecurity risk as part of its risk oversight function and has delegated to the Audit Committee (the “Committee”) oversight of cybersecurity, data privacy and other information technology risks. The Committee oversees management’s implementation of our cybersecurity risk management program and cybersecurity risk exposures, and the steps taken by management to monitor and mitigate cybersecurity risks. The Committee is composed of members of our board of directors with diverse expertise, which has prepared them to oversee our cybersecurity risks.

The Committee receives periodic reports from management on our cybersecurity risks. In addition, management updates the Committee, as necessary, regarding any material cybersecurity incidents, as well as any incidents with lesser impact potential.

The Committee reports to the Board regarding its activities, including those related to cybersecurity. The Board also receives briefings from management on our cybersecurity risk management program.

Our management team, including our Chief Executive Officer, is responsible for assessing and managing our material risks from cybersecurity threats. The team has primary responsibility for our overall cybersecurity risk management program and supervises efforts to prevent, detect, mitigate and remediate cybersecurity risks and incidents through various means, which may include briefings from internal security consultants; threat intelligence and other information obtained from governmental, public or private sources, including external consultants which may be engaged by us; and alerts and reports produced by security tools deployed in the information technology environment. Our management team’s experience includes monitoring the cybersecurity landscape for new risks and best practices, developing and executing cybersecurity strategies, overseeing related governance policies, testing compliance with applicable technical standards, remediating known risks and leading employee training programs.

Our executive offices are located at 4800 Montgomery Lane, Suite 210, Bethesda, MD 20814, and our telephone number is (301) 971-3955.

Lakes at Black Oak

The Lakes at Black Oak property is located in Montgomery County in Magnolia, Texas. This property is located east of FM 2978 via Standard Road to Dry Creek Road and South of the Woodlands, one of the most successful, fastest growing master planned communities in Texas. This residential land development initially consisted of approximately 162 acres. On January 13, 2021, 150 CCM Black Oak, Ltd. purchased an approximately 6.3-acre tract of land in Montgomery County. The Company has sold off residential lots at this location. 150 CCM Black Oak, Ltd. is the primary developer responsible for all infrastructure development. This property is included in Harris County Improvement District #17.

The Company has retained four model lots within Section 1 of the property. The Company intends to enter into contract-build agreements with local, regional or national builders to construct single-family, for rent homes. These elevations and floor plans will be carefully selected to suit the for-rent tenants and/or for-sale customers. The Company will also reserve the right to sell these homes in the event this is deemed to be the highest and best use in the marketplace. The Company expects to complete these homes within the next twelve months.

Alset Villas

In 2021, our subsidiary Alset EHome Inc. acquired approximately 19.5 acres of partially developed land near Houston, Texas which was used to develop a community named Alset Villas (“Alset Villas”). Alset EHome Inc. was developing 63 lots at Alset Villas during 2023. On November 13, 2023 Alset EHome Inc. entered into a Contract for Purchase and Sale and Escrow Instructions with Century Land Holdings of Texas, LLC for the sale of all 63 lots. The sale closed in December of 2024.

Rental Properties

Investments in Single-Family Residential Properties

During 2021 and 2022 the Company signed multiple purchase agreements to acquire 132 homes in Montgomery and Harris Counties, Texas. By December 31, 2022, the acquisition of the 132 homes was completed with an aggregate purchase cost of $30,998,258.

In the first 96 of the 132 rental homes that were acquired, as a part of our commitment to advancing smart and healthy sustainable living, we installed Tesla PV solar panels and Powerwalls. In addition, we added technologies at many of the single-family rental homes such as (i) smart solar, thermostat, and energy usage controls; (ii) smart lighting controls; (iii) smart locks and security; and (iv) smart home automation devices. We believe these and other technologies will be attractive to renters.

Rental of Model Houses

In May 2023, the Company entered into a lease agreement with Rausch Coleman Homes for one of its model houses located in Montgomery County, Texas. The lease was terminated in February 2025. In the last quarter of 2025, the management procured a new tenant to occupy the premises, after the office used for real estate sales was converted back to a garage.

On July 14, 2023, 150 CCM Black Oak, Ltd. entered into a model home lease agreement with Davidson Homes, LLC (“Davidson”). On August 3, 2023, 150 CCM Black Oak, Ltd. entered into a development and construction agreement with Davidson Homes, LLC to build a model house located in Montgomery County, Texas. On January 4, 2024, 150 CCM Black Oak, Ltd. sent $220,076 to Davidson as reimbursement for final construction cost and the contractor’s fee. The model home lease commenced on January 1, 2024, the lease term is twenty-four (24) full months and annual base rent equals to twelve percentage (12%) of the total of the final cost of construction and the contractor’s fee.

Pursuant to the lease agreement and once Davidson Homes sold their last remaining lots, the agreement expired as of January 31, 2026. As outlined in an amendment to the agreement, Davidson notified management that it would proceed with converting the sales office back to garages at their expense on or before April 30, 2026. Management will direct the property management and leasing company to begin marketing the home on a for-rent basis 15-30 days prior to the projected completion. Davidson will continue to pay monthly rent until substantial completion of the tenant improvements to the leased premises.

The Company is not a party to any pending legal proceedings, and no such proceedings are known to be contemplated.

There are no material proceedings to which any director, officer or affiliate of the Company, or any owner of record or beneficially of more than five percent of any class of voting securities of the Company, or any associate of any such director, officer, affiliate of the Company, or security holder is a party adverse to the Company or any of its subsidiaries or has a material interest adverse to the Company or any of its subsidiaries.

This Form 10-K contains certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. For this purpose, any statements contained in this Form 10-K that are not statements of historical fact including, without limitation, statements under “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” regarding the Company’s financial position, business strategy and the plans and objectives of management for future operations, may be deemed to be forward-looking statements. Without limiting the foregoing, words such as “may”, “will”, “expect”, “believe”, “anticipate”, “estimate” or “continue” or comparable terminology are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements by their nature involve substantial risks and uncertainties, and actual results may differ materially depending on a variety of factors, many of which are not within our control. These factors include but are not limited to economic conditions generally and in the industries in which we may participate; competition within our chosen industry, including competition from much larger competitors; technological advances and failure to successfully develop business relationships. Such forward-looking statements are based on the beliefs of management, as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, the Company’s management. Actual results could differ materially from those contemplated by the forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors detailed in our filings with the SEC.

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and the notes thereto contained elsewhere in this Report. Certain information contained in the discussion and analysis set forth below includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties.

Business Overview

We are a diversified holding company principally engaged through our subsidiaries in the development of EHome communities and other real estate, financial services, digital transformation technologies, biohealth activities and consumer products with operations in the United States, Singapore, Hong Kong, Australia, South Korea, the People’s Republic of China and Taiwan. We manage our three principal businesses primarily through our 85.8% owned subsidiary, Alset International Limited, a public company traded on the Singapore Stock Exchange (“Alset International”). Through this subsidiary (and indirectly, through other public and private U.S. and Asian subsidiaries), we are actively developing real estate projects near Houston, Texas in our real estate segment. In our digital transformation technology segment, we focus on serving business-to-business (B2B) needs in e-commerce, collaboration and social networking functions. Our biohealth segment includes the sale of consumer products.

Additionally, we have ownership interests outside of Alset International, including a 36.9% equity interest in American Pacific Financial, Inc., a 43.6% equity interest in DSS Inc. (“DSS”), an indirect 45.8% equity interest in Value Exchange International, Inc., a 29.0% equity interest in Sharing Services Global Corporation, and a 41.5% equity interest in New Energy Asia Pacific Company Limited. American Pacific Financial, Inc. is a financial network holding company. DSS is a multinational company operating businesses with five divisions: product packaging, biotechnology, direct marketing, commercial lending, and securities and investment management. DSS Inc. is listed on the NYSE American (NYSE: DSS). Value Exchange International, Inc. is a provider of information technology services for businesses, and is traded on the OTC Expert Market (OTC: VEII). Sharing Services Global Corporation (OTC: SHRG), is a publicly traded company dedicated to building shareholder value by developing or acquiring businesses, products and technologies in the direct selling industry and other industries that augment the Company’s product and services portfolio, business competencies, and geographic reach.

We generally acquire majority and/or control stakes in innovative and promising businesses that are expected to appreciate in value over time. Our emphasis is on building businesses in industries where our management team has in-depth knowledge and experience, or where our management can provide value by advising on new markets and expansion. We have at times provided a range of global capital and management services to these companies in order to gain access to Asian markets. We have historically favored businesses that improve an individual’s quality of life or that improve the efficiency of businesses through technology in various industries. We believe our capital and management services provide us with a competitive advantage in the selection of strategic acquisitions, which creates and adds value for our Company and our stockholders.

Additionally, the Company operates a portfolio of trading securities with the objective of generating profits from short-term fluctuations in market prices. The portfolio is actively managed, and securities are bought and sold with the intent to realize gains from price movements within a short-term horizon.

Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision makers (the “CODMs”), or decision–making group, in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company’s chief operating decision makers are the two Co-CEOs, who review and assess the performance of the Company as a whole. The Company reports its segment information to reflect the manner in which the CODMs review and assess performance. The Company has four operating segments based on the products and services we offer, which include three of our principal businesses – real estate, digital transformation technology and biohealth – as well as a fourth category consisting of certain other business activities. In determination of segments, the Company, together with its CODMs, considers factors that include the nature of business activities, allocation of resources and management structure.

The primary financial measures used by the CODMs to evaluate performance and allocate resources are net income (loss) and operating income (loss). The CODMs use net income (loss) and operating income (loss) to evaluate the performance of the Company’s ongoing operations and as part of the Company’s internal planning and forecasting processes. Information on net income (loss) and operating income (loss) is disclosed in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Segment expenses and other segment items are provided to the CODMs on the same basis as disclosed in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

The CODMs do not evaluate performance or allocate resources based on segment assets.

Our Revenue Model

Our total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2025, and 2024, was $4,470,875 and $21,115,899, respectively. Our net losses for the years ended December 31, 2025, and 2024, were $49,350,566 and $4,165,816, respectively.

We currently recognize revenue from the sale of our subdivision development properties, rental homes, the sale of our biohealth products, food and beverage business, and other activities. Sales of real properties accounted for approximately 0%, revenue from home rentals accounted for approximately 52% and revenue from other activities accounted for approximately 48% of our total revenue in the year ended December 31, 2025. Sales of real properties accounted for approximately 79%, revenue from home rentals accounted for approximately 14% and revenue from other activities accounted for approximately 7% of our total revenue in the year ended December 31, 2024.

From a geographical perspective, we recognized 52% and 93% of our total revenue in the years ended December 31, 2025, and 2024, respectively, in the United States. 1% and 0% of our revenue in 2025 and 2024, respectively, was recognized from our sales in South Korea. 42% and 7% of our revenue in 2025 and 2024, respectively, was recognized from our sales in Singapore. 5% and 0% of our revenue in 2025 and 2024, respectively, was recognized from our sales in Taiwan.

We believe that, on an ongoing basis, revenue generated from our property development business will decline as a percentage of our total revenue, as we expect to experience greater revenue contribution from our rental business, digital transformation technology, biohealth businesses, food and beverage business and future business acquisitions.

Matters that May or Are Currently Affecting Our Business

In addition to the matters described above, the primary challenges and trends that could affect or are affecting our financial results include:

• Our ability to improve our revenue through cross-selling and revenue-sharing arrangements among our diverse group of companies;
• Our ability to identify complementary businesses for acquisition, obtain additional financing for these acquisitions, if and when needed, and profitably integrate them into our existing operations;
• Our ability to attract competent and skilled technical and sales personnel for each of our businesses at acceptable compensation levels to manage our overhead; and
• Our ability to control our operating expenses as we expand each of our businesses and product and service offerings.

35

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). The consolidated financial statements include all accounts of the Company and its majority owned and controlled subsidiaries. The Company consolidates entities in which it owns more than 50% of the voting common stock and controls operations. All intercompany transactions and balances among consolidated subsidiaries have been eliminated.

Use of Estimates and Critical Accounting Estimates and Assumptions

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Significant estimates made by management include, but are not limited to, allowance for doubtful accounts, recoverability and useful lives of property and equipment, valuation of real estate assets, allocation of development costs and capitalized interest to sold lots, the valuation allowance of deferred taxes, contingencies and equity compensation. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

In our property development business, land acquisition costs are allocated to each lot based on the area method, the size of the lot compared to the total size of all lots in the project. Development costs and capitalized interest are allocated to lots sold based on the total expected development and interest costs of the completed project and allocating a percentage of those costs based on the selling price of the sold lot compared to the expected sales values of all lots in the project.

If allocation of development costs and capitalized interest based on the projection and relative expected sales value is impracticable, those costs would be allocated based on area method.

When the Company purchases properties but does not receive the assessment information from the county, the Company allocates the values between land and building based on the data of similar properties. The Company makes appropriate adjustments once the assessment from the county is received. At the same time, any necessary adjustments to depreciation expense are made in the income statement.

Revenue Recognition and Cost of Sales

The following represents a disaggregation of our revenue recognition policies by segment:

Real Estate

• Property Sales. Part of the Company’s real estate business is land development. The Company purchases land and develops it into residential communities. The developed lots are sold to builders (customers) for the construction of new homes. The builders enter into a sales contract with the Company before they take the lots. The prices and timeline are determined and agreed upon in the contract. The builders do the inspections to make sure all conditions and requirements in contracts are met before purchasing the lots. A detailed breakdown of the five-step process for the revenue recognition of the Lakes at Black Oak and Alset Villas projects, which represented approximately 0% and 79% of the Company’s revenue in the years ended on December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, is as follows:

Identify the contract with a customer. The Company has signed agreements with the builders for developing the raw land to ready to build lots. The contract has agreed upon prices, timelines, and specifications for what is to be provided.

Identify the performance obligations in the contract. Performance obligations of the Company include delivering developed lots to the customer, which are required to meet certain specifications that are outlined in the contract. The customer inspects all lots prior to accepting title to ensure all specifications are met.

Determine the transaction price. The transaction price per lot is fixed and specified in the contract. Any subsequent change orders or price changes are required to be approved by both parties.

Allocate the transaction price to performance obligations in the contract. Each lot is considered to be a separate performance obligation, for which the specified price in the contract is allocated to.

Recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies performance obligation. The builders do the inspections to make sure all conditions/requirements are met before taking title of lots. The Company recognizes revenue at a point in time when title is transferred. The Company does not have further performance obligations or continuing involvement once title is transferred. Revenue is recognized at a point in time.

• Rental Revenue. The Company leases real estate properties to its tenants under leases that are predominately classified as operating leases, in accordance with ASC 842, Leases (“ASC 842”). Real estate rental revenue is comprised of minimum base rent and revenue from the collection of lease termination fees.

Rent from tenants is recorded in accordance with the terms of each lease agreement on a straight-line basis over the initial term of the lease. Rental revenue recognition begins when the tenant controls the space and continues through the term of the related lease. Generally, at the end of the lease term, the Company provides the tenant with a one-year renewal option, including mostly the same terms and conditions provided under the initial lease term, subject to rent increases.

The Company defers rental revenue related to lease payments received from tenants in advance of their due dates. These amounts are presented within deferred revenues and other payables on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

Rental revenue is subject to an evaluation for collectability on several factors, including payment history, the financial strength of the tenant and any guarantors, historical operations and operating trends of the property, and current economic conditions. If our evaluation of these factors indicates that it is not probable that we will recover substantially all of the receivable, rental revenue is limited to the lesser of the rental revenue that would be recognized on a straight-line basis (as applicable) or the lease payments that have been collected from the lessee. Differences between rental revenue recognized and amounts contractually due under the lease agreements are credited or charged to straight-line rent receivable or straight-line rent liability, as applicable. For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company did not recognize any deferred revenue and collected all rents due.

• Cost of Sales. Land acquisition costs are allocated to each lot based on the area method, the size of the lot comparing to the total size of all lots in the project. Development costs and capitalized interest are allocated to lots sold based on the total expected development and interest costs of the completed project and allocating a percentage of those costs based on the selling price of the sold lot compared to the expected sales values of all lots in the project.

If allocation of development costs and capitalized interest based on the projection and relative expected sales value is impracticable, those costs could also be allocated based on area method, the size of the lot comparing to the total size of all lots in the project.

Cost of rental revenue consists primarily of the costs associated with management and leasing fees to our management company, repairs and maintenance, depreciation and other related administrative costs. Utility expenses are paid directly by tenants.

Other Businesses

• Food and Beverage. The Company, through Alset F&B One Pte. Ltd. (“Alset F&B One”) and Alset F&B (PLQ) Pte. Ltd. (“Alset F&B PLQ”), each acquired a restaurant franchise licenses at the end of 2021 and 2022 respectively. These licenses will allow Alset F&B One and Alset F&B PLQ each to operate a Killiney Kopitiam restaurant in Singapore. Killiney Kopitiam, founded in 1919, is a Singapore-based chain of mass-market, traditional kopitiam style service cafes selling traditional coffee and tea, along with a range of local delicacies such as Curry Chicken, Laksa, Mee Siam, and Mee Rebus. In the second quarter of 2024, the Company ceased operations of its subsidiary Alset F&B PLQ.

The Company, through Hapi Café Inc. (“HCI-T”), commenced operation of two cafés during 2022 and 2021, which are located in Singapore and South Korea (“Hapi Cafes”).

The cafes are operated by subsidiaries of HCI-T, namely Hapi Café SG Pte. Ltd. in Singapore and Hapi Café Korea Inc. in Seoul, South Korea. Hapi Cafes are distinctive lifestyle café outlets that strive to revolutionize the way individuals dine, work, and live, by providing a conducive environment for everyone to relish the four facets – health and wellness, fitness, productivity, and recreation all under one roof. On September 13, 2025, the Company ceased operations of its subsidiary Hapi Café Korea Inc.

In 2023 the Company incorporated new subsidiaries Guangdong LeFu Wealth Investment Consulting Co., Ltd. (f.k.a. Shenzhen Leyouyou Catering Management Co., Ltd.) and Dongguan Leyouyou Catering Management Co., Ltd. in the People’s Republic of China. These companies will be principally engaged in the food and beverage business in Mainland China.

Additionally, through its subsidiary Hapi Group HK Limited (f.k.a. MOC HK Limited), the Company is focusing on operating café business in Hong Kong. This business was acquired on October 5, 2022. During the acquisition, a goodwill of $60,343 had been generated for the Company. The café was closed on September 16, 2024 and the goodwill was impaired during the year ended December 31, 2024.

The revenue earned from Food and Beverage businesses for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 were $1,641,605 and $1,507,715, respectively.

• Remaining performance obligations. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, there were no remaining performance obligations or continuing involvement, as all service obligations within the other business activities segment have been completed.

Real Estate Assets

Real estate assets are recorded at cost, except when acquired real estate assets meet the definition of a business combination in accordance with ASC 805, “Business Combinations,” which are recorded at fair value. Interest, property taxes, insurance and other incremental costs (including salaries) directly related to a project are capitalized during the construction period of major facilities and land improvements. The capitalization period begins when activities to develop the parcel commence and ends when the asset constructed is completed. The capitalized costs are recorded as part of the asset to which they relate and are reduced when lots are sold. The Company did not capitalize construction costs in the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.

The Company’s policy is to obtain an independent third-party valuation for each major project in the United States as part of our assessment of identifying potential triggering events for impairment. Management may use the market comparison method to value other relatively small projects. In addition to the annual assessment of potential triggering events in accordance with ASC 360 – *Property Plant and Equipment (“*ASC 360”), the Company applies a fair value-based impairment test to the net book value assets on an annual basis and on an interim basis if certain events or circumstances indicate that an impairment loss may have occurred.

The Company did not record impairment on any of its projects during the years ended on December 31, 2025 and 2024.

The Company did not have any real estate property under development as of December 31, 2025 or December 31, 2024.

Results of Operations

Summary of Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Loss for the Years Ended December 31, 2025 and 2024

Revenue

The following table sets forth period-over-period changes in revenues for each of our reporting segments:

Revenue was $4,470,875 and $21,115,899 for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The decrease in property sales in 2025 caused lower revenue in this period.

In late 2022 and early 2023, the Company entered into three contracts with builders to sell multiple lots from its Lakes at Black Oak project. The sales contemplated by these contracts were contingent on certain conditions which the parties to such contracts had to meet and were expected to generate approximately $23 million of funds from operations, not including certain expenses that the Company was required to pay. The sale of 335 lots closed in the first six months of 2023 generating approximately $18.1 million revenue. The sale of remaining lots closed on January 4, 2024 generating approximately $5.0 million revenue.

On November 13, 2023, the Company entered into two contracts with builders to sell multiple lots from its Lakes at Black Oak and Alset Villa projects. The closing of these transactions depended on the satisfaction of certain conditions. The sale of the first 70 lots closed on July 1, 2024 generating approximately $3.8 million and the sale of the 72 lots closed on October 10, 2024 generating approximately $3.9 million. The sale of lots in Alset Villa project closed on December 17, 2024 generating approximately $3.8 million.

Revenue from the rental business was $2,829,270 and $2,891,807 for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Company expects that the revenue from this business will continue to increase as we acquire more rental houses and successfully rent them.

The category described as “Other” includes corporate and financial services, food and beverage business and new venture businesses. “Other” includes certain costs that are not allocated to the reportable segments, primarily consisting of unallocated corporate overhead costs, including administrative functions not allocated to the reportable segments from global functional expenses.

The financial services, food and beverage businesses and new venture businesses are small and diversified, and accordingly they are not separately addressed as independent categories. In the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the revenue from other businesses was $1,641,433 and $1,507,715, respectively, generated mainly by Korean, Taiwanese and Singaporean café shops and restaurants.

Operating Expenses

The following table sets forth period-over-period changes in cost of sales for each of our reporting segments:

Cost of sales decreased from $12,782,624 in the year ended December 31, 2024 to $3,221,915 in the year ended December 31, 2025, as a result of the decrease in the number of lots sold in the Lakes at Black Oak project. Capitalized construction expenses, finance costs and land costs are allocated to sales.

The gross margin decreased from $8,333,275 to $1,248,960 in the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2025, respectively. The decrease of gross margin was caused by the decrease in the number of lots sold in the Lakes at Black Oak project.

The following table sets forth period-over-period changes in operating expenses for each of our reporting segments:

The increase of operating expenses in the twelve months ended December 31, 2025 compared to the same period of 2024 was mostly caused by increase in bonus payments to executives and professional fees.

Other (Expense) Income

In the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company had other expense of $33,767,897 compared to other income of $102,046 in the year ended December 31, 2024. The changes in realized and unrealized gain/loss on securities investment and impairment of equity method investment are the primary reasons for the volatility in these two periods. Realized loss on securities investment was $3,208,972 in year ended December 31, 2025, compared to $461,247 gain in the year ended December 31, 2024. Unrealized loss on securities investment was $2,451,237 in year ended December 31, 2025, compared to $942,213 loss in the year ended December 31, 2024. Additionally, in 2025 the Company impaired $30,185,404 of equity method investment.

Net Loss

In the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company had net loss of $49,350,566 compared to net loss of $4,165,816 in the year ended December 31, 2024.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our real estate assets have decreased to $29,620,952 as of December 31, 2025, from $30,695,669 as of December 31, 2024. This decrease reflects depreciation expenses on the rental properties.

Our cash has decreased from $27,243,787 as of December 31, 2024 to $25,184,990 as of December 31, 2025. Our liabilities increased from $6,563,126 at December 31, 2024 to $6,923,965 at December 31, 2025. Our total assets have increased to $136,587,114 as of December 31, 2025 from $96,761,977 as of December 31, 2024 due to purchasing equity investments.

On April 17, 2019, SeD Maryland Development LLC entered into a Development Loan Agreement with Manufacturers and Traders Trust Company (“M&T Bank”) in the principal amount not to exceed at any one time outstanding the sum of $8,000,000, with a cumulative loan advance amount of $18,500,000. The line of credit bore interest rate on LIBOR plus 375 basis points. SeD Maryland Development LLC was also provided with a Letter of Credit (“L/C”) Facility in an aggregate amount of up to $900,000. The L/C commission is 1.5% per annum on the face amount of the L/C. Other standard lender fees apply in the event the L/C is drawn down. The loan is a revolving line of credit. The L/C Facility is not a revolving loan, and amounts advanced and repaid may not be re-borrowed. Repayment of the Loan Agreement was secured by a $2,600,000 collateral fund and a Deed of Trust issued to the Lender on the property owned by SeD Maryland. On March 15, 2022, approximately $2,300,000 was released from collateral, leaving approximately $300,000 as collateral for outstanding letters of credit. On December 14, 2023 and February 11, 2026, approximately $201,751 and $107,991, respectively, was released from collateral for outstanding letters of credit.

On November 13, 2023, 150 CCM Black Oak Ltd. (the “Seller”), a Texas Limited Partnership, entered into two Contracts for Purchase and Sale and Escrow Instructions (each an “Agreement,” collectively, the “Agreements”) with Century Land Holdings of Texas, LLC, a Colorado limited liability company (the “Buyer”). Pursuant to the terms of one of the aforementioned Agreements, the Seller has agreed to sell approximately 142 single-family detached residential lots (the “Section 4 Agreement”) comprising a section of a residential community in the city of Magnolia, Texas known as the “Lakes at Black Oak.” Pursuant to the other Agreement, the Seller has agreed to sell 63 single-family detached residential lots (the “Alset Villas Agreement”) in the city of Magnolia, Texas. In 2021, our subsidiary Alset EHome Inc. acquired approximately 19.5 acres of partially developed land near Houston, Texas which was used to develop a community named Alset Villas (“Alset Villas”). Alset EHome was in the process of developing the 63 lots at Alset Villas in 2023. The closing of the transactions described above depended on the satisfaction of certain conditions. The sale of the first 70 lots closed on July 1, 2024 generating approximately $3.8 million and the sale of the 72 lots closed on October 10, 2024 generating approximately $3.9 million. The sale of lots in Alset Villa project closed on December 17, 2024 generating approximately $3.8 million.

Additionally, the Company is entitled to receive certain developer reimbursements for the Lakes at Black Oak and Alset Villas projects.

The management believes that the available cash on hand, available debt and equity financing are sufficient to fund our operations for at least the next 12 months.

Summary of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2025 and 2024

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities was $5,927,532 in the year ended December 31, 2025, as compared to net cash provided by operating activities of $5,156,047 in the same period of 2024. Purchase of trading securities was the main reason for the cash used in operating activities during 2025. Property sales from the Lakes at Black Oak project in 2024 were the main reason for the cash provided by operating activities in that period.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

Net cash provided by investing activities was $2,250,903 in the year 2025, as compared to net cash provided by investing activities of $17,468,306 in the same period of 2024. In the year ended December 31, 2025 we invested $40,000 in investment securities, issued $2,325,489 in promissory notes to related parties, purchased $175,464 of fixed assets, sold related party equity security investments for $4,184,575 and received a repayment of a loan from related party of $607,281. In the year ended December 31, 2024 we invested $814,158 in investment securities, issued $3,029,758 in promissory notes ($1,811,881 of which was to related parties) and withdrew $21,102,871 cash for redemptions.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities was $1,110,198 in the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to net cash used of $21,419,083 the year ended December 31, 2024. Cash provided by financing activities in the year 2025 is primarily related to the issuance of Common Stock of $2,614,983. Cash used in financing activities in the year 2024 is primarily related to the repayment of Class A Common Stock of $21,102,871 and repayment of note payable of $446,260.

Equity Security Investments

Investment Securities at Fair Value

The Company commonly holds investments in equity securities with readily determinable fair values, equity investments without readily determinable fair values, investments accounted for under the equity method, and investments at cost. Certain of the Company’s investments in marketable equity securities and other securities are long-term, strategic investments in companies that are in various stages of development.

The Company accounts for certain of its investments in equity securities in accordance with ASU 2016-01 Financial Instruments—Overall (Subtopic 825- 10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (“ASU 2016-01”). In accordance with ASU 2016-01, the Company records all equity investments with readily determinable fair values at fair value calculated by the publicly traded stock price at the close of the reporting period.

Amarantus BioScience Holdings (“AMBS”) is a publicly traded company. The Company does not have significant influence over AMBS as the Company holds approximately 4.3% of the common shares of AMBS. The stock fair value is determined by quoted stock prices.

On April 12, 2021, the Company acquired 6,500,000 common shares of Value Exchange International, Inc. (“Value Exchange International” or “VEII”), an OTC listed company, for an aggregate subscription price of $650,000. On October 17, 2022 the Company purchased additional 7,276,163 common shares of VEII for an aggregate purchase price of $1,743,734. On September 6, 2023, the Company converted $1,300,000 of VEII loan into 7,344,632 common shares. After these transactions, the Company owns approximately 45.8% of VEII and exercises significant influence over it. Our Chief Executive Officer, Chan Heng Fai, is also an owner of the common stock of VEII (not including any common shares we hold). Additionally, certain members of our board of directors serve as directors of Value Exchange International. The stock’s fair value is determined by quoted stock prices.

On January 27, 2023, the Company and New Electric CV Corporation (together with the Company, the “Lenders”) entered into a Convertible Credit Agreement (the “1st Credit Agreement”) with VEII. The 1st Credit Agreement provides VEII with a maximum credit line of $1,500,000 with simple interest accrued on any advances of the money under the 1st Credit Agreement at 8%. The 1st Credit Agreement grants conversion rights to each Lender. Each Advance shall be convertible, in whole or in part, into shares of VEII’s Common Stock at the option of the Lender who made that Advance (being referred to as a “Conversion”), at any time and from time to time, at a price per share equal the “Conversion Price”. In the event that a Lender elects to convert any portion of an Advance into shares of VEII Common Stock in lieu of cash payment in satisfaction of that Advance, then VEII would issue to the Lender five (5) detachable warrants for each share of VEII’s Common Stock issued in a Conversion (“Warrants”). Each Warrant will entitle the Lender to purchase one (1) share of Common Stock at a per-share exercise price equal to the Conversion Price. The exercise period of each Warrant will be five (5) years from date of issuance of the Warrant. On February 23, 2023, the Company’s subsidiary Hapi Metaverse Inc. loaned VEII $1,400,000 (the “Loan Amount”). The Loan Amount can be converted into shares of VEII pursuant to the terms of the 1st Credit Agreement for a period of three years. There is no fixed price for the derivative security until Hapi Metaverse converts the Loan Amount into shares of VEII Common Stock.

On September 6, 2023, the Company converted $1,300,000 of the principal amount loaned to VEII into 7,344,632 shares of VEII’s Common Stock. Under the terms of the 1st Credit Agreement, Hapi Metaverse received Warrants to purchase a maximum of 36,723,160 shares of VEII’s Common Stock at an exercise price of $0.1770 per share. Such warrants expire five (5) years from date of their issuance.

On December 14, 2023, Hapi Metaverse entered into a Convertible Credit Agreement (“2nd Credit Agreement”) with VEII. On December 15, 2023, the Company loaned VEII $1,000,000. The 2nd Credit Agreement was amended pursuant to an agreement dated December 19, 2023. Under the 2nd Credit Agreement, as amended, this amount can be converted into VEII’s Common Shares pursuant to the terms of the 2nd Credit Agreement for a period of three years. In the event that Hapi Metaverse converts this loan into shares of VEII’s Common Stock, the conversion price shall be $0.045 per share. In the event that Hapi Metaverse elects to convert any portion of the loan into shares of VEII’s Common Stock in lieu of cash payment in satisfaction of that loan, then VEII will issue to Hapi Metaverse five (5) detachable warrants for each share of VEII’s Common Stock issued in a conversion (“Warrants”). Each Warrant will entitle the Company to purchase one (1) share of VEII’s Common Stock at a per-share exercise price equal to the Conversion Price. The exercise period of each Warrant will be five (5) years from date of issuance of the Warrant. At the time of this filing, the Company has not converted the Loan Amount.

Our Chairman, Chan Heng Fai and a member of the Board of Directors of Hapi Metaverse, Lum Kan Fai Vincent, are both members of the Board of Directors of VEII. In addition to Mr. Chan, three other members of the Board of Directors of Alset Inc. are also members of the Board of Directors of VEII (Wong Shui Yeung, Wong Tat Keung and Lim Sheng Hon, Danny). The Company currently owns a total of 21,179,275 shares (representing approximately 45.8%) of VEII.

The Company has a portfolio of trading securities. The objective is to generate profits on short-term differences in market prices. The Company does not have significant influence over any trading securities in our portfolio and fair value of these trading securities are determined by quoted stock prices.

The Company has elected the fair value option for the equity securities noted below that would otherwise be accounted for under the equity method of accounting. DSS Inc., HIPH World Inc. (f.k.a. American Premium Water Corporation and New Electric CV Corporation, “HIPH”), Value Exchange International Inc., Sharing Services Global Corp. (“SHRG”) and Impact Biomedical Inc. (“Impact”) are publicly traded companies and fair value is determined by quoted stock prices. The Company has (or had, in the case of Impact) significant influence but does not have a controlling interest in these investments, and therefore, the Company’s investment could be accounted for under the equity method of accounting or under fair value accounting.

The Company has significant influence over DSS as we owned approximately 43.6% of the common stock of DSS as of December 31, 2025, and our Chief Executive Officer, Chan Heng Fai, is an owner of additional common stock of DSS (not including any common or preferred shares we hold). In addition, our Chief Executive Officer is the Chairman of the Board of Directors of DSS. Apart from Chan Heng Fai, two other members of the Board of Directors of Alset Inc. are also members of the Board of Directors of DSS (Chan Tung Moe, our Co-Chief Executive Officer, a son of Chan Heng Fai, and Lim Sheng Hon, Danny). The Company did not have a controlling interest and therefore the Company’s investment would be accounted for under equity method accounting or we could elect the fair value option accounting.

The Company has significant influence over HIPH as our Chief Executive Officer, Chan Heng Fai, is the majority owner of the common stock of HIPH (not including any common shares we hold). The Company did not have a controlling interest and therefore the Company’s investment would be accounted for under equity method accounting or we could elect the fair value option accounting.

The Company has significant influence over SHRG as the Company holds approximately 29.0% of the common shares of SHRG, our Chief Executive Officer holds a director and chairman position on SHRG’s Board of Directors and three of the directors of the Company are the directors of SHRG. Additionally, our Chief Executive Officer is a significant stockholder of SHRG shares.

The Company had significant influence over Impact as the Company held approximately 39.7% of the common shares of Impact as of December 31, 2024. The Company sold all its shareholding in Impact during first four months of 2025.

The Company has elected the fair value options for the equity securities noted above that would otherwise be accounted for under the equity method of accounting to better match the measurement of assets and liabilities in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. DSS, VEII, SHRG and Impact are publicly traded companies and fair value of these equity investments is determined by the quoted stock prices. On December 31, 2025 and 2024, the fair value (calculated by market trading prices on the end dates of the periods) of total held equity stock of DSS, VEII, SHRG and Impact was $3,696,579 and $11,028,405, respectively.

On July 17, 2020, the Company purchased 122,039,000 shares, approximately 0.5% ownership, and 1,220,390,000 warrants with an exercise price of $0.0001 per share, from HIPH, for an aggregated purchase price of $122,039. We value HIPH warrants under level 3 category through a Black Scholes option pricing model and the fair value of the warrants from HIPH were $860,342 as of July 17, 2020, the purchase date and $973 as of December 31, 2025 and 2024.

The changes in the fair values of the investment were recorded directly to accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Due to the inherent uncertainty of these estimates, these values may differ materially from the values that would have been used had a ready market for these investments existed.

Investment Securities at Cost

Investments in equity securities without readily determinable fair values are measured at cost minus impairment adjusted by observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. These investments are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis when there are events or changes in circumstances that may have a significant adverse effect. An impairment loss is recognized in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income equal to the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value of the investment.

On September 8, 2020, the Company’s indirect subsidiary, Hapi Robot Pte. Ltd. (f.k.a. Impact Biohealth Pte. Ltd.), acquired 1,666 shares, approximately 1.45% ownership, from Nervotec Pte Ltd (“Nervotec”), a private company, at the purchase price of $36,628. The Company applied ASC 321 and measured Nervotec at cost, less any impairment, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for an identical or similar investment of the same issuer. As of December 31, 2024, the value of the investment in Nervotec is $589, as the Company wrote off $37,287 of this investment. As of December 31, 2025, the value of the investment is $0 as the Company written of the remaining balance.

On May 31, 2021, the Company’s indirect subsidiary, UBeauty Limited, invested $19,609 in K Beauty Research Lab Co., Ltd (“K Beauty”) for 18% ownership. K Beauty was established for sourcing, developing and producing variety of Korea-made beauty products as well as Korea - originated beauty contents for the purpose of distribution to HWH’s membership distribution channel.

On April 25, 2024, the Company entered into a binding term sheet (the “Term Sheet”) through its subsidiary Health Wealth Happiness Pte Ltd. (“HWHPL”) outlining a joint venture with Chen Ziping, an experienced entrepreneur in the travel industry, and Chan Heng Fai, the Company’s Executive Chairman, as a part of the Company’s strategy of building its travel business in Asia. The joint venture company (referred to here as the “JVC”) is known as HapiTravel Holding Pte. Ltd. The JVC was incorporated in July 2024 and is owned by: (a) HWHPL holds 19% of the shares in the JVC; (b) Chan Heng Fai holds 11%; and (c) the remaining 70% of the shares in the JVC are held by Chen Ziping.

On April 23, 2025, the Company completed the sale of HWH World Inc.(“HWHKOR”) by Health Wealth Happiness Pte. Ltd. (“HWHPL”) to AES Group Inc. (“AES”), a Korean entity. The sale was consummated under a term sheet signed on April 20, 2025, pursuant to which the Company agreed to transfer its 100% equity interest in HWHKOR to AES. In exchange, AES agreed to issue new shares, representing 19.9% of the enlarged share capital of AES to the Company upon closing. Total of $384,356 gain was generated from this deal and recorded in the Company’s statement of operations. The disposal of HWHKOR had immaterial effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and the deconsolidation did not meet the criteria for presentation as discontinued operations under ASC 205-20.

There has been no indication of impairment or changes in observable prices via transactions of similar securities and is still carried at a cost.

Investment Securities under Equity Method Accounting

The Company accounts for equity investments in certain entities with significant influence under equity-method accounting. Under this method, the Group’s pro rata share of income (loss) from investment is recognized in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Dividends received reduce the carrying amount of the investment. When the Company’s share of loss in an equity-method investee equals or exceeds its carrying value of the investment in that entity, the equity method investment can be reduced below zero based on losses if the Company either be liable for the obligations of the investee or provide for losses in excess of the investment when imminent return to profitable operations by the investee appears to be assured. Otherwise, the Company does not recognize its share of equity method losses exceeding its carrying amount of the investment. Equity-method investment is reviewed for impairment by assessing if the decline in market value of the investment below the carrying value is other-than-temporary. In making this determination, factors are evaluated in determining whether a loss in value should be recognized. These include consideration of the intent and ability of the Group to hold investment and the ability of the investee to sustain an earnings capacity, justifying the carrying amount of the investment. Impairment losses are recognized in other expense when a decline in value is deemed to be other-than-temporary.

American Medical REIT Inc.

LiquidValue Asset Management Pte. Ltd. (“LiquidValue”), a subsidiary of the Company owns 16.4% of American Medical REIT Inc. (“AMRE”), a company concentrating on medical real estate. AMRE acquires state-of-the-art, purpose-built healthcare facilities and leases them to leading clinical operators with dominant market share under secure triple net leases. AMRE targets hospitals (both Critical Access and Specialty Surgical), Physician Group Practices, Ambulatory Surgical Centers, and other licensed medical treatment facilities. Chan Heng Fai, our CEO, is the executive chairman and director of AMRE. DSS, of which we own 43.6% and have significant influence over, owns 80.4% of AMRE. Therefore, the Company has significant influence on AMRE. The Company’s share of losses from AMRE exceeded the carrying amount of the investment, and as a result, the Company suspended recognition of additional losses. The Company will resume recognizing its share of losses only to the extent that it subsequently becomes obligated to fund the investee’s losses or the investee returns to profitability and the Company’s share of earnings exceeds its previously unrecognized losses.

American Pacific Financial, Inc.

The Company owns 36.9% of the shares of the common stock of American Pacific Financial, Inc., formerly known as American Pacific Bancorp, Inc. (“APF”). APF is organized for the purposes of being a financial network holding company, focused on providing commercial loans and on acquiring equity positions in (i) undervalued commercial bank(s), bank holding companies and nonbanking licensed financial companies operating in the United States, South East Asia, Taiwan, Japan and South Korea, and (ii) companies engaged in—nonbanking activities closely related to banking, including loan syndication services, mortgage banking, trust and escrow services, banking technology, loan servicing, equipment leasing, problem asset management, SPAC (special purpose acquisition company) consulting, and advisory capital raising services. The Company elected to apply the equity method accounting to its investment in APF, as the Company retains significant influence over APF. During the year ended December 31, 2025 the investment loss was $1,812,898. During the year ended December 31, 2024 the investment loss was $3,205,094. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the investment in APF was $2,408,398 and $4,221,296, respectively.

Sentinel Brokers Company Inc.

The Company’s indirect subsidiary, SeD Capital Pte Ltd (“SeD Capital”), owns 39.8 shares (8.8%) of the Common Stock of Sentinel Brokers Company Inc. (“Sentinel”). Sentinel is a broker-dealer operating primarily as a fiduciary intermediary, facilitating institutional trading of municipal and corporate bonds as well as preferred stock, and is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission, is a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”), and is a member of the Securities Investor Protection Corporation (“SIPC”). The Company has significant influence over Sentinel as our CEO holds a director position on Sentinel’s Board of Directors. Additionally, DSS, of which we own 43.6% and have significant influence over, owns 91.24% of Sentinel. During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the investment loss in Sentinel was $107,680 and $15,013, respectively. Investment in Sentinel was $2,070 and $109,750 at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

New Energy Asia Pacific Company Limited

On May 22, 2025, the Company entered into the Stock Purchase Agreement dated with Chan Heng Fai, pursuant to which the Company purchased from Mr. Chan all of the outstanding shares of New Energy Asia Pacific Inc. (“NEAPI”) for a purchase price of $83,000,000 in the form of a promissory note convertible into newly issued shares of the Company’s common stock. NEAPI owns 41.5% of the issued and outstanding shares of New Energy Asia Pacific Company Limited (“New Energy”), a Hong Kong corporation. New Energy focuses on distributing all-electric versions of special-purpose and transportation vehicles, charging stations and batteries. During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company recognized its equity in loss of investee in New Energy of $212,246.

During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company recognized an impairment charge of approximately $30.1 million related to its investment in New Energy. The impairment was recognized after management determined that the decline in fair value below carrying value was other-than-temporary, based on factors including:

• delays in the execution and commercialization of New Energy’s taxi delivery projects;
• revised cash flow projections, including slower ramp-up and longer implementation timelines; and
• changes in market conditions in the distributed energy sector, including broader global geopolitical uncertainty.

The Company valued its investment using a discounted cash flow methodology based on updated assumptions. The impairment primarily reflects delays in execution and cash flow realization, rather than a fundamental change in business outlook.

Accordingly, the Company reduced the carrying amount of the investment to its estimated fair value of approximately $52.7 million as of December 31, 2025.

Investment in Debt Securities

Debt securities are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses (other than impairment losses) recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income or loss. Realized gains and losses on debt securities are recognized in the net income in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income. The Company monitors its investments for other-than-temporary impairment by considering factors including, but not limited to, current economic and market conditions, the operating performance of the companies including current earnings trends and other company-specific information.

Impact of Inflation

We believe that inflation has not had a material impact on our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024. We cannot assure you that future inflation will not have an adverse impact on our operating results and financial condition.

Impact of Foreign Exchange Rates

The effect of foreign exchange rate changes on the intercompany loans (under ASC 830), which mostly consist of loans from Singapore to the United States and which were approximately $28 million and $30 million on December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, are the reason for the significant fluctuation of foreign currency transaction Gain or Loss on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Income. Because the intercompany loan balances between Singapore and United States will remain at approximately $28 million over the next year, we expect this fluctuation of foreign exchange rates to still significantly impact the results of operations in the year 2026, especially given that the foreign exchange rate may and is expected to be volatile. If the amount of intercompany loan is lowered in the future, the effect will also be reduced. However, at this moment, we do not expect to repay the intercompany loans in the short term.

Controls and Procedures

We are not currently required to maintain an effective system of internal controls as defined by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Only in the event that we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer or an accelerated filer.

Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements included in this Report. The financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and reflect management’s judgment and estimates concerning effects of events and transactions that are accounted for or disclosed.

Management is also responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Our internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that pertain to our ability to record, process, summarize and report reliable data. Management recognizes that there are inherent limitations in the effectiveness of any internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of internal control. Accordingly, even effective internal control over financial reporting can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement presentation. Further, because of changes in conditions, the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting may vary over time.

In order to ensure that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, management regularly assesses controls and did so most recently for its financial reporting as of December 31, 2024. This assessment was based on criteria for effective internal control over financial reporting described in the Internal Control Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations (COSO) of the Treadway Commission. In connection with management’s evaluation of the effectiveness of our Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, management determined that our Company did not maintain effective controls over financial reporting due to having a limited staff. This limited number of staff prevents us from segregating duties within our internal control system; and restricts our ability to timely evaluate the accuracy and completeness of our financial statement disclosures. Management determined that the ineffective controls over financial reporting constitute a material weakness. To remediate such weaknesses, we plan to appoint additional qualified personnel with financial accounting, GAAP and SEC experience.

This Report does not include an attestation report of our registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by our registered public accounting firm pursuant to temporary rules of the SEC that permit us to provide only management’s report in this Report.

Nasdaq Compliance

On May 13, 2025, the Company received a notification letter from the Listing Qualifications Department of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”) notifying the Company that, because the closing bid price for the Company’s common stock listed on Nasdaq was below $1.00 for 30 consecutive trading days, the Company no longer meets the minimum bid price requirement for continued listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market under Nasdaq Marketplace Rule 5550(a)(2), requiring a minimum bid price of $1.00 per share (the “Minimum Bid Price Requirement”).

The notification had no immediate effect on the listing of the Company’s common stock. In accordance with Nasdaq Marketplace Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), the Company was given a period of 180 calendar days from May 13, 2025, or until November 10, 2025, to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement.

On July 17, 2025, the Company received notice from Nasdaq that the Nasdaq Listing Qualifications Staff had determined that the Company regained compliance with Nasdaq’s minimum $1 bid price per share requirement. While the Company has regained compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to maintain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement in the future.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

In connection with the preparation of our Report on Form 10-K, an evaluation was carried out by management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officers and Chief Financial Officers, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13s-15(b), 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Exchange Act) as of December 31, 2025. Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officers and Chief Financial Officers, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

During evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2025 conducted as part of our annual audit and preparation of our annual financial statements, management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operations of our disclosure controls and procedures and concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were ineffective for those reasons set forth below.

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements included in this annual report. The financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and reflect management’s judgment and estimates concerning effects of events and transactions that are accounted for or disclosed.

Management is also responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Our internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that pertain to our ability to record, process, summarize and report reliable data. Management recognizes that there are inherent limitations in the effectiveness of any internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of internal control. Accordingly, even effective internal control over financial reporting can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement presentation. Further, because of changes in conditions, the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting may vary over time.

In order to ensure that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, management regularly assesses controls and did so most recently for its financial reporting as of December 31, 2025. This assessment was based on criteria for effective internal control over financial reporting described in the Internal Control Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations (COSO) of the Treadway Commission. In connection with management’s evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025, management determined that the Company did not maintain effective controls over financial reporting due to limited staff. This limited number of staff prevents us from segregating duties within our internal control system and restricts our ability to timely evaluate the accuracy and completeness of our financial statement disclosures. Management determined that the ineffective controls over financial reporting constitute a material weakness.

The Company has limited accounting personnel, and as such, is unable to properly segregate duties relating to the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting.

Additionally, well-defined accounting policies and procedures have not been established and many financial close procedures, including period-end review and reconciliations, did not occur on a timely basis or failed to identify material adjustments.

This annual report filed on Form 10-K does not include an attestation report of the Company’s registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by our registered public accounting firm pursuant to temporary rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission that permit us to provide only management’s report in this annual report.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We continue taking steps to enhance and improve the design of our internal controls over financial reporting. During the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we have not been able to completely remediate the material weaknesses identified above. To remediate such weaknesses, we plan to appoint additional qualified personnel with financial accounting, GAAP, and SEC experience.