Syntec Optics Holdings, Inc.: Form 10-Q for the period ended Mar 31, 2026

The information in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis should be read in conjunction with the accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements and notes.

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This report includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. The words “believe,” “may,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “should,” “plan,” “could,” “target,” “potential,” “is likely,” “will,” “expect” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this report, including among others, our strategy, future operations, future financial position, future revenue, projected costs, prospects, plans, objectives of management and expected market growth are forward-looking statements. Our actual results and financial condition may differ materially from those express or implied in such forward-looking statements. Therefore, you should not rely on any of these forward-looking statements.

For a further list and description of various risks, relevant factors and uncertainties that could cause future results or events to differ materially from those expressed or implied in our forward-looking statements, see the “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” sections in this report, our Annual Report on Form 10-K and 10-K/A for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 and our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). All forward-looking statements in this report are made only as of the date hereof or as indicated and represent our views as of the date of this report. Factors or events that could cause our actual results to differ may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all of them. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as the result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.

Overview

Syntec Optics is vertically integrated from design and component manufacturing for lens system assembly to imaging module integration for system solutions. Making our own tools, molding, and nanomachining allows close interaction and recut ability, enabling special techniques to hold tolerances up to sub-micron level. Syntec Optics has assembled a world class design for manufacturability team to augment its production team with deep expertise to fully leverage our vertical integration from component making to optics and electronics assembly. Syntec Optics has steadily developed variety of other complementary manufacturing techniques to provide a wide suite of horizontal capabilities including thin films deposition coatings, glass molding, polymer molding, tool-making, mechanicals manufacturing, and nanomachining.

Syntec Optics became a leader in the industry by pioneering polymer-based optics and then subsequently adding glass optics and optics made from other materials including crystals and metals. Polymer-based optics provide numerous advantages compared to incumbent glass-based optics. Polymer-based optics are smaller, lower weight, lower cost, and offer very high-performance optical solutions. For all these reasons, Syntec Optics is able to deliver products to our clients that are lighter, smaller, and suitable for cutting edge technology products, including the newly evolving silicon photonics industry.

Our designs and assembly processes are developed in-house in the United States. In 2016, Syntec Optics expanded its manufacturing facility to nearly 90,000 square feet, allowing us to increase our production capacity and offer additional advanced manufacturing processes under one roof which provide us the ability to increase sales to existing customers and increase penetration of our end-markets. Our facility provides a streamlined, partially autonomous production process for our current customers, which comprises optical assembly, electro-optics assembly, polymer optics molding, glass optics molding, opto-mechanical assembly, nanomachining and thin films coating. Our facility also provides the ability to expand the number of advanced manufacturing processes to handle increased volumes of existing and new customer orders.

Syntec Optics focuses on four end markets of defense, medical, consumer, and communications all with several mission-critical applications with strong tailwinds.

In the last three years Syntec Optics launched low weight night vision optics and hybrid light-weight magnifiers and thermal clips in the defense end market. Syntec Optics also announced biomedical mirrors for sensing in the medical end market. Rounding out new product launches, in the communication end market, Syntec Optics launched microlens arrays and low earth satellite optics.

Key Factors Affecting Our Operating Results

Our financial position and results of operations depend to a significant extent on the following factors:

End Market Consumers

The demand for our products ultimately depends on demand from customers in our current end markets. We generate sales through (1) Tier 1 suppliers and (2) through OEMs.

An increasing proportion of our sales has been and is expected to continue to be derived from sales to defense. biomedical and industrial/consumer OEMs, driven by continued efforts to develop and expand sales to OEMs with whom we have longstanding relationships. Future OEM sales will be subject to risks and uncertainties, including the number of defense, biomedical and industrial/consumer products these OEMs manufacture and sell, which in turn may be driven by the expectations these OEMs have around end market demand.

Demand from end markets is impacted by a number of factors, including travel restrictions (global pandemics or geo-political conflicts), fuel costs and energy demands (including an increasing trend towards the use of green energy), as well as overall macro-economic conditions. Sales of our optics and photonics enabled components and sub-components have also benefited from the increased global conflict, the United States dynamic relationships with other world powers that may have a conflicting view with western-style democracy, the movement towards reshoring of advanced manufacturing, biomedical components and sub-components needed to support physicians in their battle against global pandemics, and the increased global demand for high-fidelity data communications on all corners of the globe.

Syntec Optics plans to further consolidate and add bolt-on acquisitions for inorganic growth in the fragmented photonics industry by expanding our portfolio of existing U.S.-based advanced manufacturing processes of making thin-film coated glass, crystal, and/or polymer components and their housings, which are ultimately assembled into high performance hybrid electro-optics sub-systems. By doing so, Syntec Optics plans to grow to the new end markets of communications and sensing. Syntec Optics entered the communications end market in 2023. Syntec Optics is currently engaged as a supplier for a U.S. Department of Commerce’s National Institute of Standards and Technology (“NIST”) funded research and development project for the sensing end market. The communication end market is characterized by the use of optics and photonics for data transmittal and reception of information, including, for example, satellite communications and other associated applications. The sensing end-market is characterized by the use of optics and photonics to detect scattered light or light with an altered refractive index due to the presence of a medium within a wide range of potential applications, including, for example, disease detection and other associated applications.

Supply

We currently rely on strategically selected electronics, highly engineered polymers and aluminum manufacturers located in the United States to manufacture our highly specialized optic and photonics enabled components and sub-components, and we intend to continue to rely on these suppliers going forward. Our close working relationships with our Unites States based suppliers, reflected in our ability to (x) increase our purchase order volumes (qualifying us for related volume-based discounts) and (y) order and receive delivery of raw materials in anticipation of required demand, has helped us moderate increased supply-related costs associated with inflation and to avoid potential shipment delays. To mitigate against potential adverse production events, we opted to build our inventory of key raw materials. In connection with these stockpiling activities, we experienced an increase in prepaid inventory compared to prior periods as suppliers required upfront deposits in response to supply chain disruptions.

As a result of the active steps we have taken to manage our inventory levels, we have not been subject to the shortages or price impacts that have been present for manufacturers of optic and photonic enabled components or sub-components.

Product and Customer Mix

Our sales consist of sales of highly specialized optic and photonic enabled components and sub-components. These products are sold to different customer types (e.g., OEMs and Tier 1 manufacturers) and at different prices and involve varying levels of costs. In any particular period, changes in the mix and volume of particular products sold and the prices of those products relative to other products will impact our average selling price and our cost of goods sold. The price of our products may also increase as a result of increases in the cost of components due to inflation, labor and raw materials. In addition, revenues from these larger customers may fluctuate from time to time based on these customers’ business needs and customer experience, the timing of which may be affected by market conditions or other factors outside of our control. These customers have a broad product purchase mix across various departments of Syntec Optics. Syntec Optics supplies several mission critical components and sub-components to these customers that are not tied to a single application, customer initiative, or purchase order. We expect sales to increase as we further advance our full-system design expertise and product offerings and customers increasingly demand more sophisticated systems, rather than drop-in replacements. In addition to the impacts attributable to the general sales mix across our products, our results of operations are impacted by the relative margins of products sold. As we continue to introduce new products at varying price points, our overall gross margin may vary from period to period as a result of changes in product and customer mix.

Production Capacity

All of our design, advanced manufacturing and assembly currently takes place at our nearly 90,000 square foot headquarters and manufacturing facility located in Rochester, New York. We currently operate optical, opto-mechanical and electro-optical assembly lines in addition to molding, nanomachining, testing and thin-film production lines. Consistent with our operating history, we plan to continue to automate additional aspects of our advanced manufacturing operations. Our existing facility has the capacity to add additional production lines and construct and operate pilot production lines for new components and sub-components, all designed to maximize the capacity of our manufacturing facility. Although our automation efforts are expected to reduce our costs of goods, we may not fully recognize the anticipated savings when planned and could experience additional costs or disruptions to our production activities.

Competition

We compete with traditional glass optic manufacturers and electro-optic manufacturers, who primarily either import their products or components or manufacture products under a private label. As we continue to expand into new markets, develop new products and move towards production of our polymer based and glass-polymer based optic hybrids and photonics enabled components and sub-components, we will experience competition with a wider range of companies. These competitors may have greater resources than we do and may be able to devote greater resources to the development of their current and future technologies. Our competitors may be able to source materials and components at lower costs, which may require us to evaluate measures to reduce our own costs, lower the price of our products or increase sales volumes in order to maintain our expected levels of profitability.

Research and Development

Our research and development are primarily focused on the advanced manufacturing of polymer and glass-polymer based optic and photonics enabled components and sub-components. The next stage in our technical development is to construct our products to optimize performance, lower weight and increase longevity to meet and exceed industry standards for our target end markets. Ongoing testing and optimizing of more complicated systems and sub-systems for our existing end markets will assist us in increasing penetration in our current end markets and expanding into targeted end markets.

Components of Results of Operations

Net Sales

Net sales are primarily generated from the sale of our optics and photonics enabled components and sub-components to OEMs.

Cost of Goods Sold

Cost of goods sold includes the cost of raw materials and other components of our optic and photonic enabled components and sub-components, labor, overhead, utilities, and depreciation and amortization.

Gross Profit

Gross profit, calculated as net sales less cost of goods sold, may vary between periods and is primarily affected by various factors including average selling prices, product costs, product mix, customer mix and production volumes.

Operating Expenses

General and Administrative

General and administrative costs include personnel-related expenses attributable to our executive, finance, human resources, selling and marketing, and information technology organizations, certain facility costs, office related depreciation, and fees for professional services.

Total Other Income (Expense)

Other income (expense) consists primarily of interest expense and debt issuance costs.

Results of Operations

Comparisons for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2026 and 2025

The following table sets forth our results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. This data should be read together with our financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report and is qualified in its entirety by reference to such financial statements and related notes.

15

Net Sales

Net sales decreased by $0.6 million, or 8%, to $6.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026, as compared to $7.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025. This decrease was primarily due to decreases in medical markets of $1.0 million, partially offset by an increase in the consumer market of $0.4 million.

Cost of Goods Sold

Cost of revenue increased by $0.8 million, to $5.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026, as compared to $4.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025. This increase was primarily due to an increase in material costs, particularly for aluminum.

Gross Profit

Gross profit decreased by 58%, to $1.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026, as compared to $2.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025. This decrease was primarily due to the decrease in revenue and the increase in costs of goods sold, as detailed above.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses remained flat, decreasing slightly by 2% for the quarter ended March 31, 2026, as compared to the same period for 2025.

Total Other Expenses

Other expenses improved to an expense of $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026, from an expense of $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025.

Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

Income tax expense (benefit) remained flat, with no material change when comparing the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.

Net (loss) Income

We experienced a loss of $0.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026, as compared to income of $0.3 million for the same three month period ended in 2025. This increase in net loss was primarily due to a decline in sales of $0.6 million, and an increase in cost of goods sold of $0.8 million.

Critical Accounting Estimates

Our condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States. The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make judgments and estimates that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in our financial statements. We base our estimates on historical experience, known trends and events and various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Our actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. On a recurring basis, we evaluate our judgments and estimates in light of changes in circumstances, facts, and experience. The effects of material revisions in an estimate, if any, will be reflected in the consolidated financial statements prospectively from the date of the change in the estimate.

We believe that the following accounting policies are those most critical to the judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Inventory Valuation

We periodically review physical inventory for excess, obsolete, and potentially impaired items and reserves. Any such inventory is written down to net realizable value. The reserve estimate for excess and obsolete inventory is dependent on expected future use and requires management judgement.

Income Taxes

We account for income taxes using the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted rates. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred taxes is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

We recognize the financial statement effect of an uncertain income tax position when it is more likely than not, based on the technical merits, that the position will be sustained upon examination. Recognized income tax positions are measured at the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely to be realized. A valuation allowance is recorded to reduce deferred income tax assets to an amount, which in the opinion of management is more likely than not to be realized.

Management judgment is required in determining our provision for income taxes, our deferred tax assets and liabilities, and any valuation allowance recorded against our deferred tax assets. We consider factors such as the cumulative income or loss in recent years; reversal of deferred tax liabilities; projected future taxable income exclusive of temporary differences; the character of the income tax asset, including income tax positions; tax planning strategies and the period over which we expect the deferred tax assets to be recovered in the determination of the valuation allowance. In the event that actual results differ from these estimates, or we adjust our estimates in the future, we may need to adjust our valuation allowance, which could materially impact our financial position and results of operations.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

This Quarterly Report includes a non-generally accepted account principles within the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) measure that we use to supplement our results presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP. EBITDA is defined as earnings before interest and other income, tax and depreciation and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA is calculated as EBITDA adjusted for non-recurring items, and business combination expenses. Adjusted EBITDA is a performance measure that we believe is useful to investors and analysts because it illustrates the underlying financial and business trends relating to our core, recurring results of operations and enhances comparability between periods.

Adjusted EBITDA is not a recognized measure under U.S. GAAP and is not intended to be a substitute for any U.S. GAAP financial measure and, as calculated, may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of performance of other companies in other industries or within the same industry. Investors should exercise caution in comparing our non-GAAP measure to any similarly titled measure used by other companies. This non-GAAP measure excludes certain items required by U.S. GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to information reported in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

Adjusted EBITDA

We define adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP financial measure, as net earnings (loss) before interest and other expenses, net, income tax expense, depreciation and amortization, as adjusted to exclude non-recurring items. We utilize adjusted EBITDA as an internal performance measure in the management of our operations because we believe the exclusion of these non-cash and non-recurring charges allow for a more relevant comparison of our results of operations to other companies in our industry and is in accordance with the Non-GAAP Financial Measures Compliance & Disclosure Interpretations (Reference Question 102.03).

The Company has identified several non-recurring items included in our non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA financial measure. These items encompass management fees, professional & transaction fees, technology start-up costs, optical molding evaluation expenses, glass molding evaluation expenses, and executive transition expenses.

The table below presents our adjusted EBITDA, reconciled to net income for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.

NON-GAAP RECONCILIATION OF EBITDA

FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2026 AND 2025

In the quarters ended March 31, 2026 and 2025:

(1) Stock-based compensation was issued to independent Board members.

(2) A succession plan was required for the transition of the CEO at 2024 year-end.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Overview

The Company’s primary sources of liquidity are cash generated from operations and borrowings under its revolving credit facility with M&T Bank. The Company uses cash to fund working capital requirements, capital expenditures, and debt service obligations.

As of March 31, 2026, the Company had $6,763,863 outstanding under its $7.5 million revolving credit facility, providing approximately $736,137 of remaining availability, subject to borrowing base and covenant compliance requirements. The revolving credit facility matures in November 2026.

On April 30, 2026, subsequent to the end of the quarter, the Company completed an underwritten public offering of 2,857,142 shares of its common stock at a public offering price of $7.00 per share, generating gross proceeds of approximately $20.0 million and net proceeds of approximately $18.6 million. The Company intends to use the proceeds to support working capital, capital expenditures, and to optimize its capital structure, including potential repayment of indebtedness.

On May 1, 2026, the underwriter in the aforementioned April 30 transaction chose to exercise its option to purchase an additional 428,571 shares of common stock. Net proceeds to the Company were approximately $2.8 million.

This financing significantly enhances the Company’s liquidity position and financial flexibility and is expected to support ongoing operations, growth initiatives, and strategic investments.

Capital Requirements

The Company expects that cash generated from operations together with availability under its revolving credit facility and the proceeds received from the public stock offering, will be sufficient to fund operations, working capital needs, and contractual obligations for at least the next twelve months.

Subsequent to March 31, 2026, the Company completed a public equity offering resulting in aggregate net proceeds of approximately $21.5 million, including the underwriter’s exercised over-allotment option. The Company utilized a portion of the proceeds to repay the outstanding balance under its revolving line of credit with M&T Bank to zero, which management expects will reduce future cash interest expense. The Company’s $7.5 million revolving credit facility remains available through June 30, 2027, providing additional financial flexibility and available liquidity for working capital requirements, capital expenditures, organic growth initiatives and potential strategic opportunities. In addition, management continues to implement operational efficiency and cost reduction initiatives intended to improve gross profit and EBITDA in future periods.

Cash Flow — Three Months Ended March 31, 2026 and 2025

SYNTEC OPTICS HOLDINGS, INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2026 AND 2025

Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities was $0.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026, as compared to net cash provided by operating activities of $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025. The primary drivers of the changes for the three month period ended March 31, 2026 include net changes from operating assets of $0.6 million, changes from depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation and allowance of $0.7 million, offset by net loss of $0.9 million.

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities was $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026, as compared to net cash used in investing activities of $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025. The net cash used in investing activities increased primarily due to the purchase of a single machine for approximately $0.4 million related to a new customer in 2026 that did not take place in 2025.

Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities was $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026, as compared to net cash used in financing activities of $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025. The primary driver of this change was the increase in debt borrowings from a related party in the first quarter of 2026 of $0.2 million.

We are exposed to market risks from changes in interest rates, which could affect our operating results, financial position and cash flows. We manage our exposure to these market risks through our regular operating and financing activities.

Interest Rates

Our exposure to market risk associated with changes in interest rates relates primarily to our borrowings under our Senior Credit Facilities. We had approximately $6.8 million of outstanding variable rate debt as of March 31, 2026. A 100 basis point increase in interest rates at March 31, 2026 would increase our annual pre-tax interest expense by approximately $0.068 million.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As required by Rule 13a-15 under the Exchange Act, we have carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Report. This evaluation was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer.

Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our company’s reports filed under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, cannot provide absolute assurance that the objectives of the controls system are met, and no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within a company have been detected. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2026, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective due to the following identified material weaknesses:

1. We lack documentation of formal internal control process and controls including lack of review of journal entries and segregation of duties.

2. We lack timely reconciliation controls in the areas of accounts payable, accrued legal expenses, and provision for income taxes.

3. We lack controls related to identification and disclosure of related party transactions.

4. We lack controls related to evaluation of non-routine transactions including financial instruments.

5. We lack the necessary information technology (“IT”) general controls infrastructure in the areas of user access and program change-management due to insufficient documentation and training, and inadequate IT risk assessment process. Additionally, we lack controls around the review of SOC-1 reports and lack of cyber security related controls.

Remediation Plans and Status

As disclosed in the section titled “Evaluation of Internal Controls and Procedures,” we have identified certain control deficiencies. To address these issues, we have designed and are in the process of implementing the following remediation initiatives, which are aligned with the COSO framework:

• Enhance corporate governance through increased oversight by the Audit Committee, including additional reviews of internal control improvements and financial statements prior to publication (Control Environment; Monitoring Activities).
• Design and implement internal control flowcharts to strengthen segregation of duties (Control Activities; Risk Assessment).
• Increase staffing levels and competencies to enable appropriate separation of duties (Control Environment; Control Activities).
• Implement a formal checklist, review process, and controls over all journal entries and modifications to trial balances (Control Activities; Information & Communication).
• Hire additional experienced accounting and reporting professionals to prepare and approve consolidated financial statements and footnote disclosures in accordance with U.S. GAAP (Control Environment; Control Activities).
• Engage outside professional support to assist with SEC reporting requirements and special circumstances to ensure timely and accurate filings (Control Environment; Information & Communication).
• Establish a formal quarterly attestation process for managers and accounting staff to reinforce and monitor the use of control processes and workflows (Monitoring Activities; Information & Communication).
• Implement a formalized system for tracking control measures to reduce complexity and improve management’s review of control effectiveness (Monitoring Activities; Information & Communication).

20

While the Company has initiated these remediation efforts, not all measures have been fully implemented as of the date of this filing. We will continue to enhance our internal control framework, employ additional procedures, and utilize appropriate tools and resources to ensure that our consolidated financial statements are presented fairly, in all material respects.

The Company believes these remediation measures will significantly strengthen its internal control environment and provide the foundation to remediate the identified material weaknesses in future reporting periods.

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

This Report does not include a report of management’s assessment regarding internal control over financial reporting or an attestation report of the Company’s registered public accounting firm due to a transition period established by rules of the SEC for newly public companies. Additionally, our auditors will not be required to formally opine on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 until we are no longer an “emerging growth company” as defined in the JOBS Act.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Other than the material weaknesses and remediation efforts mentioned above, there were no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended March 31, 2026 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

The Company’s risk factors are described in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors”, of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025. The risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 are not the only risks we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial position, or future results of operations. The risk factors should be read together with, the risk factors described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025.