Nine Energy Service, Inc.: Form 10-Q for the period ended Mar 31, 2025

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the consolidated financial statements and the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” including “Critical Accounting Estimates,” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

This section contains forward-looking statements based on our current expectations, estimates, and projections about our operations and the industry in which we operate. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements because of various risks and uncertainties, including those described in the sections titled “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of Part I of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

OVERVIEW

Company Description

Nine Energy Service, Inc. (either individually or together with its subsidiaries, as the context requires, the “Company,” “Nine,” “we,” “us,” and “our”) is a leading completion services provider that targets unconventional oil and gas resource development. We partner with our exploration and production (“E&P”) customers across all major onshore basins in both the U.S. and Canada as well as abroad to design and deploy downhole solutions and technology to prepare horizontal, multistage wells for production. We focus on providing our customers with cost-effective and comprehensive completion solutions designed to maximize their production levels and operating efficiencies. We believe our success is a product of our culture, which is driven by our intense focus on performance and wellsite execution as well as our commitment to forward-leaning technologies that aid us in the development of smarter, customized applications that drive efficiencies and reduce emissions.

We provide (i) cementing services, which consist of blending high-grade cement and water with various solid and liquid additives to create a cement slurry that is pumped between the casing and the wellbore of the well, (ii) an innovative portfolio of completion tools, including those that provide technologies used for completing the toe stage of a horizontal well and fully-composite, dissolvable, and extended range frac plugs to isolate stages during plug-and-perf operations, (iii) wireline services, the majority of which consist of plug-and-perf completions, which is a multistage well completion technique for cased-hole wells that consists of deploying perforating guns and isolation tools to a specified depth, and (iv) coiled tubing services, which perform wellbore intervention operations utilizing a continuous steel pipe that is transported to the wellsite wound on a large spool, providing a cost-effective solution for well work due to the ability to deploy efficiently and safely into a live well.

How We Generate Revenue and the Costs of Conducting Our Business

We generate our revenues by providing completion services to E&P customers across all major onshore basins in both the U.S. and Canada as well as abroad. We primarily earn our revenues pursuant to work orders entered into with our customers on a job-by-job basis. We typically enter into a Master Service Agreement (“MSA”) with each customer that provides a framework of general terms and conditions of our services that will govern any future transactions or jobs awarded to us. Each specific job is obtained through competitive bidding or as a result of negotiations with customers. The rate we charge is determined by location, complexity of the job, operating conditions, duration of the contract, and market conditions. In addition to MSAs, we have entered into a select number of longer-term contracts with certain customers relating to our wireline and cementing services, and we may enter into similar contracts from time to time to the extent beneficial to the operation of our business. These longer-term contracts address pricing and other details concerning our services, but each job is performed on a standalone basis.

The principal expenses involved in conducting our business include labor costs, materials and freight, the costs of maintaining our equipment, and fuel costs. Our direct labor costs vary with the amount of equipment deployed and the utilization of that equipment. Another key component of labor costs relates to the ongoing training of our field service employees, which improves safety rates and reduces employee attrition.

How We Evaluate Our Operations

We evaluate our performance based on a number of financial and non-financial measures, including the following:

• Revenue: We compare actual revenue achieved each month to the most recent projection for that month and to

the annual plan for the month established at the beginning of the year. We monitor our revenue to analyze trends in the performance of our operations compared to historical revenue drivers or market metrics. We are particularly interested in identifying positive or negative trends and investigating to understand the root causes.

• Adjusted Gross Profit (Loss): Adjusted gross profit (loss) is a key metric that we use to evaluate operating performance. We define adjusted gross profit (loss) as revenues less direct and indirect costs of revenues (excluding depreciation and amortization). Costs of revenues include direct and indirect labor costs, costs of materials, maintenance of equipment, fuel and transportation freight costs, contract services, crew cost, and other miscellaneous expenses. For additional information, see “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” below.
• Adjusted EBITDA: We define Adjusted EBITDA as EBITDA (which is net income (loss) before interest, taxes, and depreciation and amortization) further adjusted for (i) goodwill, intangible asset, and/or property and equipment impairment charges, (ii) transaction and integration costs related to acquisitions, (iii) loss or gain on revaluation of contingent liabilities, (iv) loss or gain on extinguishment of debt, (v) loss or gain on the sale of subsidiaries, (vi) restructuring charges, (vii) stock-based compensation and cash award expense, (viii) loss or gain on sale of property and equipment, and (ix) other expenses or charges to exclude certain items which we believe are not reflective of ongoing performance of our business, such as legal expenses and settlement costs related to litigation outside the ordinary course of business. For additional information, see “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” below.
• Adjusted Return on Invested Capital (“Adjusted ROIC”): We define Adjusted ROIC as adjusted after-tax net operating profit (loss), divided by average total capital. We define adjusted after-tax net operating profit (loss) as net income (loss) plus (i) goodwill, intangible asset, and/or property and equipment impairment charges, (ii) transaction and integration costs related to acquisitions, (iii) interest expense (income), (iv) restructuring charges, (v) loss (gain) on the sale of subsidiaries, (vi) loss (gain) on extinguishment of debt, and (vii) the provision (benefit) for deferred income taxes. We define total capital as book value of equity (deficit) plus the book value of debt less balance sheet cash and cash equivalents. We compute and use the average of the current and prior period-end total capital in determining Adjusted ROIC. For additional information, see “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” below.
• Safety: We measure safety by tracking the total recordable incident rate (“TRIR”), which is reviewed on a monthly basis. TRIR is a measure of the rate of recordable workplace injuries, defined below, normalized and stated on the basis of 100 workers for an annual period. The factor is derived by multiplying the number of recordable injuries in a calendar year by 200,000 (i.e., the total hours for 100 employees working 2,000 hours per year) and dividing this value by the total hours actually worked in the year. Recordable workplace injuries include occupational death, nonfatal occupational illness, and other occupational injuries that involve loss of consciousness, restriction of work or motion, transfer to another job, or medical treatment other than first aid.

Industry Trends and Outlook

Our business depends, to a significant extent, on the level of unconventional resource development activity and corresponding capital spending of oil and natural gas companies. These activity and spending levels are strongly influenced by current and expected oil and natural gas prices. In recent years, commodity prices have been extremely volatile and unpredictable. During 2024, natural gas prices were extremely depressed, averaging approximately $2.19 for the year. Through the first quarter of 2025, natural gas prices have recovered, averaging approximately $4.14 for the quarter. However, despite a more supportive natural gas price during the first quarter of 2025, we have yet to see increased activity levels in the natural gas-levered basins like the Haynesville and Northeast. For example, during the fourth quarter of 2024, the average rig count in the Haynesville was 32 rigs and in the first quarter of 2025, the average rig count was 30 rigs. Nonetheless, we remain positive on the long-term outlook of natural gas, even as prices have trended downward thus far in the second quarter of 2025. As for oil prices, towards the end of 2024, we began to see West Texas Intermediate (“WTI”) oil prices decline, and this trend has continued into the first quarter of 2025. Thus far in the second quarter, WTI prices continued to decline following the announcements of U.S. imposed tariffs and OPEC communicating they would be increasing production. Our customers are reviewing their capital plans real-time, and the impacts of oil price reductions on U.S. land activity are still unknown. In May, we began to see some activity declines, as well as receive pricing pressure, specifically in the Permian Basin in response to lower oil prices. Because of this, we anticipate second quarter revenue and profitability to be down compared to the first quarter of 2025. Where commodity prices land will have major impacts on activity levels for the second half of the year.

Due to the spot-market nature of our business, our revenue and profitability generally move very similarly to U.S. rig, frac, and stage counts. According to Baker Hughes, the average U.S. rig count was stable in the first quarter of 2025, averaging

588 rigs, compared to 586 rigs in the fourth quarter of 2024. Looking forward, U.S. activity levels will be impacted by the production of OPEC and other oil exporting nations, commodity prices, and any new governmental policies, such as tariffs, and we cannot predict the scope or extent of such impacts.

We remain cautiously optimistic on the long-term outlook for the energy sector, and we believe there is potential upside for North American activity levels, especially in natural gas basins. In the first quarter of 2025, despite the rig count remaining relatively flat, we outperformed market drivers due in large part to sustained and continued market share gains achieved by our cementing division, as well as better utilization in our coiled tubing division. Additionally, we have increased profitability through cost-cutting measures we began implementing in the first half of 2024.

Significant factors that are likely to affect commodity prices moving forward include geopolitical and economic developments in the U.S. and globally, including conflicts, the pace of economic growth in the U.S. and throughout the world, including the potential for macro weakness; tariffs imposed by the U.S. and other countries or retaliatory trade measures; instability, acts of war or terrorism in oil producing countries or regions, particularly the Middle East, Russia, South America and Africa; actions of the members of OPEC and other oil exporting nations that relate to or impact oil production or supply; weather conditions; the effect of energy, monetary, and trade policies of the U.S.; changes to energy regulations and policies, including those of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and other governmental bodies; and overall North American oil and natural gas supply and demand fundamentals, including the pace at which export capacity grows. Furthermore, although as noted above, our customers’ activity and spending levels, and thus demand for our services and products, are strongly influenced by current and expected oil and natural gas prices, even with price improvements in oil and natural gas, operator activity may not materially increase, as operators remain focused on operating within their capital plans and uncertainty remains around supply and demand fundamentals.

Results of Operations

Results for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 Compared to the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024

(in thousands, except percentage change)

Revenues

Revenues increased $8.3 million, or 6%, to $150.5 million for the first quarter of 2025. The increase in comparison to the first quarter of 2024 was primarily related to cementing revenue (including pump downs), which increased $8.9 million, or 18%, as total cement job count increased 32%. In addition, wireline revenue increased $1.7 million, or 6%, in comparison to the first quarter of 2024 as total completed wireline stages increased 19%. The overall increase was partially offset with a $1.4 million, or 4%, decrease in completion tools revenue based on pricing pressure coupled with changes in product mix between the two periods. The overall increase was also partially offset by a $0.9 million decrease, or 3%, in coiled tubing revenue as total days worked decreased 4%, each in comparison to the first quarter of 2024.

Cost of Revenues (Exclusive of Depreciation and Amortization)

Cost of revenues increased $6.5 million, or 6%, to $122.5 million for the first quarter of 2025. The increase in comparison to the first quarter of 2024 was related to a $5.0 million increase in materials installed and consumed while performing services, a $1.0 million increase in vehicle costs, and a $0.5 million increase in insurance, taxes, employee and other costs, each in comparison to the first quarter of 2024.

Adjusted Gross Profit (Loss)

Adjusted gross profit increased approximately $1.9 million to $28.0 million for the first quarter of 2025 due to the factors described above under “Revenues” and “Cost of Revenues.”

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses increased $1.0 million to $13.3 million for the first quarter of 2025. The increase was primarily related to a $0.8 million increase in employee-related costs and a $0.4 million increase in professional fees between periods. The overall increase was partially offset by a $0.2 million decrease in other general and administrative costs between periods.

Depreciation

Depreciation expense decreased $0.9 million to $5.8 million for the first quarter of 2025. The decrease in comparison to the first quarter of 2024 was primarily due to a decrease in capital expenditures across certain lines of service over the last twelve months.

Amortization of Intangibles

We recorded $2.8 million in amortization of intangibles (comprised of technology and customer relationships) in both the first quarter of 2025 and the first quarter of 2024.

(Gain) Loss on Sale of Property and Equipment

Loss on sale of property and equipment increased $0.5 million in comparison to the first quarter of 2024. The increase is primarily related to certain asset disposals in the first quarter of 2025 that did not occur in the first quarter of 2024.

Non-Operating (Income) Expenses

Non-operating expenses increased $0.3 million to $12.6 million for the first quarter of 2025. The increase in comparison to the first quarter of 2024 was attributed to a decrease in interest income earned on cash in the first quarter of 2025, as our average cash for the period decreased in comparison to the first quarter of 2024.

Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes

We recorded an income tax provision of $0.1 million for the first quarter of 2025 compared to an income tax provision of $0.2 million for the first quarter of 2024. The difference between the periods was primarily attributed to our income tax position in state and foreign tax jurisdictions.

Net Income (Loss) and Adjusted EBITDA

Net loss decreased $1.0 million, or 12%, to $7.1 million for the first quarter of 2025, and Adjusted EBITDA increased $1.5 million, or 10%, to $16.5 million for the first quarter of 2025. The changes were primarily due to the fluctuations in revenues and expenses discussed above. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” below for further information regarding Adjusted EBITDA.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Adjusted EBITDA

Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure that is used by management and external users of our financial statements, such as industry analysts, investors, lenders, and rating agencies. We define Adjusted EBITDA as EBITDA (which is net income (loss) before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization) further adjusted for (i) goodwill, intangible asset, and/or property and equipment impairment charges, (ii) transaction and integration costs related to acquisitions, (iii) loss or gain on revaluation of contingent liabilities, (iv) loss or gain on extinguishment of debt, (v) loss or gain on the sale of subsidiaries, (vi) restructuring charges, (vii) stock-based compensation and cash award expense, (viii) loss or gain on sale of property and equipment, and (ix) other expenses or charges to exclude certain items which we believe are not reflective of ongoing performance of our business, such as legal expenses and settlement costs related to litigation outside the ordinary course of business.

Management believes Adjusted EBITDA provides useful information to us and our investors regarding our financial condition and results of operations because it allows us and them to more effectively evaluate our operating performance and compare the results of our operations from period to period without regard to our financing methods or capital structure and helps identify underlying trends in our operations that could otherwise be distorted by the effect of impairments, acquisitions and dispositions, and costs that are not reflective of the ongoing performance of our business. We exclude the items listed above from net income (loss) in arriving at this measure because these amounts can vary substantially from company to company within our industry depending upon accounting methods and book values of assets, capital structures, and the method by which the assets were acquired.

Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered as an alternative to, or more meaningful than, net income (loss) as determined in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) or as an indicator of our operating performance. Certain items excluded from Adjusted EBITDA are significant components in understanding and assessing a company’s financial performance, such as a company’s cost of capital and tax structure, as well as the historic costs of depreciable assets, none of which are components of Adjusted EBITDA. Our computation of Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies.

The following table presents a reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measure of Adjusted EBITDA to the GAAP financial measure of net income (loss) for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:

(in thousands)

(1) Amounts relate to the revaluation of a contingent liability associated with a 2018 acquisition. The impact is included in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) and Comprehensive Income (Loss). For additional information on contingent liabilities, see Note 10 – Commitments and Contingencies included in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Adjusted Return on Invested Capital

Adjusted ROIC is a non-GAAP financial measure. We define Adjusted ROIC as adjusted after-tax net operating profit (loss), divided by average total capital. We define adjusted after-tax net operating profit (loss), which is a non-GAAP financial measure, as net income (loss) plus (i) goodwill, intangible asset, and/or property and equipment impairment charges, (ii) transaction and integration costs related to acquisitions, (iii) interest expense (income), (iv) restructuring charges, (v) loss (gain) on the sale of subsidiaries, (vi) loss (gain) on extinguishment of debt, and (vii) the provision (benefit) for deferred income taxes. We define total capital as book value of equity (deficit) plus the book value of debt less balance sheet cash and cash equivalents. We compute and use the average of the current and prior period-end total capital in determining Adjusted ROIC.

Management believes Adjusted ROIC provides useful information to us and our investors regarding our financial condition and results of operations because it quantifies how well we generate operating income relative to the capital we have invested in our business and illustrates the profitability of a business or project taking into account the capital invested. Management uses Adjusted ROIC to assist them in capital resource allocation decisions and in evaluating business performance. Although Adjusted ROIC is commonly used as a measure of capital efficiency, definitions of Adjusted ROIC differ, and our computation of Adjusted ROIC may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies.

The following table provides our calculation of Adjusted ROIC for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. The following table also presents ROIC (defined as net income (loss), divided by average total capital) and a reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measure of adjusted after-tax net operating profit (loss) to the most directly comparable GAAP measure of net income (loss), in each case for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

(in thousands)

Adjusted Gross Profit (Loss)

GAAP defines gross profit (loss) as revenues less cost of revenues and includes depreciation and amortization in costs of revenues. We define adjusted gross profit (loss) as revenues less direct and indirect costs of revenues (excluding depreciation and amortization). This measure differs from the GAAP definition of gross profit (loss) because we do not include the impact of depreciation and amortization, which represent non-cash expenses.

Management believes adjusted gross profit (loss) provides useful information to us and our investors regarding our financial condition and results of operation and helps management evaluate our operating performance by eliminating the impact of depreciation and amortization, which we do not consider indicative of our core operating performance. Adjusted gross profit (loss) should not be considered as an alternative to gross profit (loss), operating income (loss), or any other measure of financial performance calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP. Adjusted gross profit (loss) may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies because other companies may not calculate adjusted gross profit (loss) or similarly titled measures in the same manner as we do.

The following table presents a reconciliation of adjusted gross profit (loss) to GAAP gross profit (loss) for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:

(in thousands)

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Sources and Uses of Liquidity

Historically, we have met our liquidity needs principally from cash on hand, cash flows from operations and, if needed, external borrowings and issuances of debt and equity securities. Our principal uses of cash are to fund capital expenditures, service our outstanding debt (including semi-annual interest payments ($19.5 million based on amounts outstanding as of March 31, 2025) to the holders of the 2028 Notes (as defined and described below), which began on August 1, 2023), and fund our working capital requirements. Due to our high level of variable costs and the asset-light make-up of our business, we have historically been able to quickly implement cost-cutting measures and will continue to adapt as the market dictates. For example, in 2024, we implemented certain cost reduction and supply chain initiatives. These ongoing initiatives have helped reduce some of our largest material costs, and starting at the end of the second quarter of 2024, we began to see positive impacts, that have continued into 2025, on our profitability as a result of such efforts. We have also used cash to make open market repurchases of our debt and may, from time to time, continue to make such repurchases when it is opportunistic to do so to manage our debt maturity profile.

For 2025, our planned capital expenditure budget, excluding possible acquisitions, is expected to be between $15 million and $25 million. The nature of our capital expenditures is comprised of a base level of investment required to support our current operations and amounts related to growth and company initiatives. Capital expenditures for growth and company initiatives are discretionary. We continually evaluate our capital expenditures, and the amount we ultimately spend will depend on a number of factors, including expected industry activity levels and company initiatives. Although we do not budget for acquisitions, pursuing growth through acquisitions may continue to be a part of our business strategy. Our ability to make significant additional acquisitions for cash will require us to obtain additional equity or debt financing, which we may not be able to obtain on terms acceptable to us or at all.

We continually monitor potential capital sources, including equity and debt financing, to meet our investment and target liquidity requirements. Our future success and growth will be highly dependent on our ability to continue to access outside sources of capital, which we cannot guarantee.

At March 31, 2025, we had $17.3 million of cash and cash equivalents and $36.5 million of availability under the 2018 ABL Credit Facility (as defined and described below), which resulted in a total liquidity position of $53.8 million. On May 1, 2025, we repaid all borrowings outstanding under the 2018 ABL Credit Facility and replaced the 2018 ABL Credit Facility with the 2025 ABL Credit Facility (as defined and described below) under which we borrowed $48.9 million on such date. As of May 1, 2025, after such borrowings, we had $51.3 million of availability under the 2025 ABL Credit Facility.

We believe that, based on our current forecasts, our cash on hand, together with cash flows from operations and borrowings under the 2025 ABL Credit Facility, should be sufficient to fund our capital requirements for at least the next twelve months from the issuance date of our condensed consolidated financial statements. However, we can make no assurance regarding our ability to achieve our forecasts, which are materially dependent on our financial performance and the ever-changing market.

ATM Program

On November 6, 2023, we entered into an equity distribution agreement (the “Equity Distribution Agreement”) with Piper Sandler & Co. (the “Agent”), pursuant to which we may, from time to time, sell shares of our common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $30.0 million through the Agent acting as our sales agent. The Agent will receive a commission equal to 3.0% of the gross sale price of any shares sold under the Equity Distribution Agreement.

Under the Equity Distribution Agreement, we will set the parameters for the sale of the shares thereunder, including the number of shares to be sold, the time period during which sales are requested to be made and any price below which sales may not be made. During both the three months ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024, no shares were sold under the Equity Distribution Agreement.

Units Offering and 2028 Notes

On January 30, 2023, we completed our public offering of 300,000 units with an aggregate stated amount of $300.0 million (the “Units”). Each Unit consisted of $1,000 principal amount of our 13.000% Senior Secured Notes due 2028 (collectively, the “2028 Notes”) and five shares of our common stock. Each Unit separated into its constituent securities (the 2028 Notes and the shares of our common stock) automatically on October 27, 2023.

On January 30, 2023, we, and certain of our subsidiaries entered into an indenture, dated as of January 30, 2023 (the “2028 Notes Indenture”), with U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as the trustee and as notes collateral agent, pursuant to which the 2028 Notes were issued. The 2028 Notes will mature on February 1, 2028 and bear interest at an annual rate of 13.000% payable in cash semi-annually in arrears on each of February 1 and August 1, commencing August 1, 2023.

On each May 15 and November 14, commencing November 14, 2023 (each, an “Excess Cash Flow Offer Date”), we are required to make an offer (an “Excess Cash Flow Offer”) to all holders of the 2028 Notes and, if required by the terms of any Pari Passu Notes Lien Indebtedness (as defined in the 2028 Notes Indenture), to any holders of any Pari Passu Notes Lien Indebtedness to purchase, prepay or redeem, together on a pro-rata basis, the maximum principal amount of the 2028 Notes and any such Pari Passu Notes Lien Indebtedness (plus all accrued interest (including additional interest, if any) on the 2028 Notes and any such Pari Passu Notes Lien Indebtedness and the amount of all fees and expenses, including premiums, incurred in connection therewith) that may be purchased, prepaid or redeemed using an amount of cash equal to the Excess Cash Flow Amount (as defined in the 2028 Notes Indenture and which is 75.0% of Excess Cash Flow (as defined in the 2028 Notes Indenture), as determined immediately prior to the Excess Cash Flow Offer Date), if any, subject to certain exceptions set forth in the 2028 Notes Indenture. The offer price in any such offer will be equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2028 Notes and any such Pari Passu Notes Lien Indebtedness (or, in respect of any such Pari Passu Notes Lien Indebtedness, such lesser price, if any, as may be provided for by the terms of such Pari Passu Notes Lien Indebtedness), plus accrued and unpaid interest and additional interest, if any, to, but excluding, the date of purchase, prepayment or redemption, subject to the rights of holders of the 2028 Notes or any such Pari Passu Notes Lien Indebtedness on the relevant record date to receive interest due on an interest payment date that is on or prior to the date of purchase, prepayment or redemption, and will be payable in cash. For the Excess Cash Flow Offer Date of May 15, 2025, the Excess Cash Flow Amount will be $0, and as such, no Excess Cash Flow Offer will be made.

The 2028 Notes Indenture contains covenants that, among other things and subject to certain exceptions and qualifications, limit our ability and the ability of our restricted subsidiaries to engage in certain activities. We were in compliance with the covenants contained in the 2028 Notes Indenture at March 31, 2025.

For additional information on the Units and the 2028 Notes, see Note 8 – Debt Obligations included in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

ABL Credit Facilities

On October 25, 2018, we entered into a credit agreement (the “2018 ABL Credit Agreement”) that permitted aggregate borrowings of up to $200.0 million, subject to a borrowing base, including a Canadian tranche with a sub-limit of up to $25.0 million and a sub-limit of $50.0 million for letters of credit (the “2018 ABL Credit Facility”). On January 17, 2023, we entered into the First Amendment to Credit Agreement (the “First ABL Facility Amendment”) with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and the lender parties thereto, which became effective on January 30, 2023. Pursuant to the First ABL Facility Amendment, the maturity date of the 2018 ABL Credit Facility was extended from October 25, 2023 to January 29,

2027. In addition, the First ABL Facility Amendment, among other changes, revised the terms of the 2018 ABL Credit Facility as follows: (a) decreased the size of the 2018 ABL Credit Facility from $200.0 million to $150.0 million, subject to the borrowing base, (b) changed the interest rate benchmark from London Interbank Offered Rate to Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate with a 10 basis point spread adjustment and increased pricing from the existing range of 1.75% to 2.25% to a range of 2.00% to 2.50%, in each case depending on our leverage ratio, (c) decreased the Canadian tranche sub-limit from $25.0 million to $5.0 million, and (d) decreased the letter of credit sub-limit from $50.0 million to $10.0 million. Certain other changes to the terms of the 2018 ABL Credit Facility as a result of the First ABL Facility Amendment are summarized in Note 8 – Debt Obligations included in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. On June 7, 2024, we entered into the Second Amendment to Credit Agreement (together with the First ABL Facility Amendment, the “2018 ABL Facility Amendments”) with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and the lender parties thereto, to change the interest rate benchmark for borrowings denominated in Canadian dollars from Canadian Dollar Offered Rate (CDOR) to a rate based on the Canadian Overnight Repo Rate Average (CORRA), effective as of June 14, 2024.

The 2018 ABL Credit Agreement, as amended by the 2018 ABL Facility Amendments (the “Amended 2018 ABL Credit Agreement”), contained various affirmative and negative covenants, including financial reporting requirements and limitations on indebtedness, liens, mergers, consolidations, liquidations and dissolutions, sales of assets, dividends and other restricted payments, investments (including acquisitions) and transactions with affiliates. We were in compliance with all covenants contained in the Amended 2018 ABL Credit Agreement as of March 31, 2025.

At March 31, 2025, we had $47.0 million of borrowings under the 2018 ABL Credit Facility, and our availability under the 2018 ABL Credit Facility was approximately $36.5 million, net of outstanding letters of credit of $2.4 million.

On May 1, 2025, we entered into a Loan and Security Agreement (the “2025 ABL Credit Agreement”) with White Oak Commercial Finance, LLC, as agent, and the lenders from time to time party thereto. The 2025 ABL Credit Agreement provides for an asset-based revolving credit facility (the “2025 ABL Credit Facility”) with lender commitments of $125.0 million (the “Maximum Revolving Facility Amount”) and a sub-limit of $5.0 million for letters of credit, which will mature on the earlier of (i) May 1, 2028 and (ii) the date that is 91 days prior to the maturity date of the 2028 Notes. The outstanding balance of the borrowings under the 2025 ABL Credit Facility may not exceed in the aggregate at any time the lesser of (a) the Maximum Revolving Facility Amount reduced by certain customary reserves and (b) the borrowing base, which is calculated on the basis of eligible accounts and inventory. The Maximum Revolving Facility Amount could increase from time to time pursuant to an uncommitted accordion by an aggregate amount for all such increases not to exceed $50.0 million. Borrowings under the 2025 ABL Credit Facility bear interest at a per annum rate equal to the term-specific Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) for an interest period of one month, subject to a 1.50% floor, plus an applicable margin of 4.00% to 4.50%, depending on our fixed charge coverage ratio.

On May 1, 2025, we borrowed approximately $48.9 million under the 2025 ABL Credit Facility and used such proceeds to repay all borrowings outstanding under the 2018 ABL Credit Facility and pay fees and expenses associated with the entry into the 2025 ABL Credit Agreement.

The 2025 ABL Credit Agreement contains customary representations and warranties, events of default, and various affirmative and negative covenants, including financial reporting requirements and limitations on indebtedness, liens, mergers, consolidations, liquidations and dissolutions, sales of assets, dividends and other restricted payments and investments (including acquisitions). In addition, the 2025 ABL Credit Agreement contains a financial covenant requiring a minimum fixed charge ratio of 1.10 to 1.00 that is tested quarterly when the availability under the 2025 ABL Credit Facility is less than $10.0 million. This financial covenant applies until the availability exceeds such threshold for 30 consecutive days.

For additional information on the 2018 ABL Credit Facility and the 2025 ABL Credit Facility, see Note 8 – Debt Obligations included in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarter Report on Form 10-Q.

Cash Flows

Cash flows provided by (used in) operations by type of activity were as follows for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:

(in thousands)

Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities was $5.3 million in the first three months of 2025 compared to $8.8 million in net cash used in the first three months of 2024. The decrease in cash flow used in operating activities was primarily attributed to a $1.9 million increase in cash provided by working capital in comparison to the first three months of 2024, as well as a $1.7 million increase in cash provided by operations driven mainly by a decreased net loss in comparison to the first three months of 2024.

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities was $4.0 million during the first three months of 2025 compared to $5.5 million in net cash used in the first three months of 2024. The decrease in cash flow used in investing activities was attributed to a $1.5 million decrease in cash purchases of property and equipment in comparison to the first three months of 2024.

Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities was $1.6 million during the first three months of 2025 compared to $6.2 million in net cash used in the first three months of 2024. The decrease in cash flow used in financing activities was primarily attributed to $4.0 million in proceeds received from the 2018 ABL Credit Facility in the first quarter of 2025 that did not occur in the first quarter of 2024 as well as a $1.0 million reduction in payments on the 2018 ABL Credit Facility between periods. The decrease was partially offset by a $0.3 million increase in payments of short-term debt in comparison to the first quarter of 2024.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of our financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Our critical accounting estimates, which are estimates made in accordance with GAAP that involve a significant level of estimation uncertainty and have had or are reasonably likely to have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations, are described in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Critical Accounting Estimates” in Item 7 of Part II of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. There have been no material changes to our critical accounting estimates as described therein.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 3 – New Accounting Standards included in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a summary of recently issued accounting pronouncements.

As a “smaller reporting company,” as defined under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), we are not required to provide the information required by this Item.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures of an issuer that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by an issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the issuer’s management, including its principal executive and financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

As required by Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act, our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of March 31, 2025. Based upon that evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2025.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarterly period ended March 31, 2025 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act).

Except as set forth below, there have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

We are currently out of compliance with certain NYSE continued listing standards and are at risk of the NYSE delisting our common stock; such a delisting could negatively impact us as it would likely reduce the liquidity and market price of our common stock, which in turn would, among other things, negatively impact our ability to raise equity financing.

On October 21, 2024, we received written notification (the “Market Capitalization Notice”) from the NYSE that we no longer satisfy the continued listing standard set forth under Section 802.01B of the NYSE Listed Company Manual (the “NYSE Manual”) because our average global market capitalization was less than $50,000,000 over a consecutive 30 trading-day period that ended on October 18, 2024 and, at the same time, our last reported stockholders’ equity was less than $50,000,000. In accordance with applicable NYSE procedures, we developed and submitted a plan (the “Market Capitalization Plan”) to the NYSE demonstrating how we intend to regain compliance with such continued listing standard within 18 months of our receipt of the Market Capitalization Notice, which was reviewed and accepted by the Listings Operations Committee of the NYSE. We are subject to quarterly review for compliance with the Market Capitalization Plan, and if we fail to meet material aspects of the Market Capitalization Plan or any quarterly milestones contained in the Market Capitalization Plan, the NYSE may commence suspension and delisting procedures prior to the end of the cure period.

On April 30, 2025, we received written notification (the “Price Criteria Notice”) from the NYSE that we no longer satisfy the continued listing standard set forth in Section 802.01C of the NYSE Manual because, as of April 29, 2025, the average closing share price of our common stock was less than $1.00 over a consecutive 30 trading-day period. Under the NYSE’s rules, we can regain compliance at any time within the six-month period following receipt of the Price Criteria Notice if, on the last trading day of any calendar month during the six-month cure period, our common stock has a closing share price of at least $1.00 and an average closing share price of at least $1.00 over the 30 trading-day period ending on the last trading day of that month. We intend to consider all available options to cure the minimum share price deficiency and regain compliance, including, but not limited to, a reverse stock split, subject to stockholder approval, if necessary to cure the non-compliance.

If we do not regain compliance with the continued listing standards set forth under Section 802.01B and Section 802.01C of the NYSE Manual within the applicable cure periods, or we do not make progress consistent with the Market Capitalization Plan, the NYSE may initiate proceedings to delist our common stock. The NYSE may also commence accelerated delisting actions if our common stock trades at an “abnormally low” price or if our average market capitalization falls below $15 million over a 30 trading-day period.

A delisting of our common stock from the NYSE could negatively impact us as it would likely reduce the liquidity and market price of our common stock and thus (i) reduce the number of investors willing to hold or acquire our common stock, which would negatively impact our ability to access equity markets and obtain financing, and (ii) impair our ability to provide equity incentives to our employees.